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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3393

Last change on this file since 3393 was 3361, checked in by knoop, 6 years ago
Introduced global constant rd_d_rv=0.622
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.5 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[3049]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3361 2018-10-16 20:39:37Z knoop $
[3294]	27	! ocean renamed ocean_mode
	28	!
	29	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
[3274]	30	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	31	!
	32	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	33	! unused variables removed
	34	!
	35	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
[3065]	36	! dz was replaced by dzw or dz(1) to allow for right vertical stretching
	37	!
	38	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
[3049]	39	! Error messages revised
	40	!
	41	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	42	! Error message revised
	43	!
	44	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
[3039]	45	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
	46	!
	47	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	48	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
	49	!
	50	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
[2954]	51	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
	52	!
	53	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
[2801]	54	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	55	!
	56	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	57	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	58	!
[2716]	59	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	60	! Changes from last commit documented
	61	!
[2701]	62	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	63	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	64	!
	65	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	66	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	67	!
	68	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	69	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	70	!
	71	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	72	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	73	!
	74	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	75	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	76	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	77	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	78	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	79	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	80	!
	81	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	82	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	83	!
	84	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	85	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	86	!
	87	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	88	! Get topography top index via Function call
	89	!
	90	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	91	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	92	!
	93	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	94	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	95	!
[2305]	96	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	97	! Changed error messages
[2312]	98	!
[2274]	99	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	100	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	101	!
[2265]	102	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	103	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	104	!
[2263]	105	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	106	!
[2233]	107	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	108	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	109	!
	110	!
[2224]	111	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	112	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	113	!
[2183]	114	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	115	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	116	!
[2123]	117	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	118	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	119	! Calculation of particle ID
	120	!
[2001]	121	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	122	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	123	!
[1930]	124	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	125	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	126	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	127	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	128	! than one grid length.
	129	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	130	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	131	!
[1891]	132	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	133	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	134	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	135	! initialization.
	136	!
[1874]	137	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	138	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	139	!
[1872]	140	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	141	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	142	!
[1851]	143	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	144	! Module renamed
	145	!
[1832]	146	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	147	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	148	!
[1823]	149	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	150	! Unused variables removed.
	151	!
[1784]	152	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	153	! netcdf module added
	154	!
[2312]	155	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	156	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	157	! used.
	158	!
[1692]	159	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	160	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	161	!
[1686]	162	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	163	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	164	!
[1683]	165	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	166	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	167	!
[1576]	168	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	169	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	170	!
[1360]	171	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	172	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	173	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	174	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	175	!
[1329]	176	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	177	! -netcdf_output
	178	!
[1323]	179	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	180	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	181	!
[1321]	182	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	183	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	184	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	185	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	186	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	187	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	188	! all variable declaration statements
	189	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	190	!
[1315]	191	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	192	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	193	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	194	!
[1093]	195	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	196	! unused variables removed
	197	!
[1037]	198	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	199	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	200	!
[850]	201	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	202	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	203	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	204	! advec_particles),
	205	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	206	!
[829]	207	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	208	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	209	!
[826]	210	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	211	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	212	! array particles implemented as pointer
	213	!
[668]	214	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	215	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	216	! of arrays.
	217	!
[1]	218	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	219	! Initial revision
	220	!
	221	!
	222	! Description:
	223	! ------------
[1682]	224	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	225	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	226	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	227	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	228
[2305]	229	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	230
[1320]	231	USE arrays_3d, &
[3039]	232	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
[1320]	233
	234	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	235	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[3294]	236	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean_mode, &
[2312]	237	simulated_time
[1320]	238
	239	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	240	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	241
	242	USE indices, &
[1575]	243	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	244	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	245
	246	USE kinds
	247
	248	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	249	ONLY: init_kernels
	250
[1783]	251	USE netcdf_interface, &
	252	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	253
[1320]	254	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	255	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	256	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	257	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	258	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	259	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	260	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	261	number_concentration, &
[2265]	262	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	263	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	264	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	265	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	266	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	267	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	268	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	269	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	270	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	271	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	272	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	273
[1]	274	USE pegrid
	275
[1320]	276	USE random_function_mod, &
	277	ONLY: random_function
[1]	278
[2232]	279	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	280	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	281
[2801]	282	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	283	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	284
[1359]	285	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	286
[1359]	287	PRIVATE
	288
[1682]	289	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	290	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	291
	292	INTERFACE lpm_init
	293	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	294	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	295
	296	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	297	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	298	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	299
	300	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	301
[1929]	302	CONTAINS
[1359]	303
[1682]	304	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	305	! Description:
	306	! ------------
	307	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	308	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	309	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	310
	311	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	312	ONLY: init_kernels
	313
[2967]	314	USE pmc_interface, &
	315	ONLY: nested_run
	316
[1]	317	IMPLICIT NONE
	318
[1682]	319	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	320	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	321	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	322
[2312]	323	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	324	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	325	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	326	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	327	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	328
[1359]	329
[1]	330	!
[150]	331	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	332	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
[3294]	333	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
[150]	334	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	335	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	336	ENDIF
	337
[1359]	338	!
	339	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	340	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	341	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	342	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	343	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	344	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	345	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	346	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	347	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	348	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	349	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	350	!
[1]	351	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	352	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[3045]	353	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	354	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[3046]	355	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
[254]	356	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	357	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	358	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	359	ENDIF
[2232]	360	!
	361	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	362	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	363	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	364	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[3045]	365	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
[2312]	366	'with particles'
[2232]	367	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	368
[2312]	369	ENDIF
[2232]	370
[1]	371	!
	372	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	373	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	374	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	375	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	376	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	377	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	378	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	379
[1359]	380	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	381	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	382	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	383
[2182]	384	!
	385	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	386	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	387	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	388	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	389	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	390	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	391	!
[2312]	392	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	393	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	394	div = 1000.0_wp
	395	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	396	div = div / 10.0_wp
	397	ENDDO
	398	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	399	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	400	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	401
	402	ENDIF
	403
[1]	404	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	405	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	406	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	407	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	408	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	409	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	410	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	411	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	412	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	413	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	414	ENDDO
	415
	416	!
[2312]	417	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	418	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	419	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	420	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	421	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	422	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	423
[2312]	424	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	425	ENDIF
	426
	427	!
[2312]	428	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	429	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	430	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	431	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	432	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	433	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	434	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	435	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	436
	437	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	438	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	439
	440	!
	441	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	442	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	443	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	444	!-- negligible.
[2232]	445	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	446	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	447	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	448
[1320]	449	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	450	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	451	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	452	#else
	453	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	454	#endif
[1314]	455
	456	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	457	!
	458	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	459	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	460	!
	461	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	462	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	463	!
	464	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	465	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	466	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	467
	468	height_p = height_p + height_int
	469	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	470
	471	ENDDO
	472
	473	ENDIF
	474
	475	!
[1359]	476	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	477	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	478
[1359]	479	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	480	ibc_par_b = 1
	481
	482	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	483	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	484
[1359]	485	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	486	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	487	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	488	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	489
[1359]	490	END SELECT
	491	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	492
[1359]	493	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	494	ibc_par_t = 1
	495
	496	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	497	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	498
	499	CASE ( 'nested' )
	500	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	501
[1359]	502	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	503	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	504	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	505	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	506
[1359]	507	END SELECT
	508	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	509
	510	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	511	ibc_par_lr = 0
	512
	513	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	514	ibc_par_lr = 1
	515
	516	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	517	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	518
	519	CASE ( 'nested' )
	520	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	521
[1359]	522	CASE DEFAULT
	523	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	524	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	525	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	526
[1359]	527	END SELECT
	528	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	529
	530	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	531	ibc_par_ns = 0
	532
	533	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	534	ibc_par_ns = 1
	535
	536	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	537	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	538
	539	CASE ( 'nested' )
	540	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	541
[1359]	542	CASE DEFAULT
	543	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	544	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	545	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	546
[1359]	547	END SELECT
[2263]	548	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	549
[2263]	550	CASE ( 'const' )
	551	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	552
[2263]	553	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	554	i_splitting_mode = 2
	555
	556	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	557	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	558
[2263]	559	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	560	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
	561	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
[2263]	562	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	563
[2263]	564	END SELECT
	565	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	566
[2263]	567	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	568	isf = 1
	569
	570	CASE ( 'log' )
	571	isf = 2
	572
	573	CASE ( 'exp' )
	574	isf = 3
[2312]	575
[2263]	576	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	577	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
	578	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
[2263]	579	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	580
[2263]	581	END SELECT
	582
[2312]	583
[1359]	584	!
[828]	585	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	586	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	587
	588	!
[1]	589	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	590	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	591	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	592	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	593
[849]	594	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	595
	596	ELSE
	597
	598	!
	599	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	600	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	601	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	602	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	603
[1359]	604	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	605
	606	sort_count = 0
[1359]	607	prt_count = 0
[792]	608
[1]	609	!
[2312]	610	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	611	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	612
	613	!
[1]	614	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	615	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	616	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	617	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	618	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	619	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	620	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	621	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	622
[1359]	623	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	624
	625	!
	626	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	627	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	628	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	629	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	630	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	631	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	632	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	633	ENDIF
[1359]	634	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	635	ENDDO
	636
	637	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	638	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[3045]	639	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
[254]	640	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	641	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	642	ENDIF
	643	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	644	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	645	ENDDO
	646
	647	!
[1359]	648	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	649	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	650	!-- different on the different PEs.
	651	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	652
[1725]	653	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	654	!
	655	!-- User modification of initial particles
	656	CALL user_lpm_init
	657
	658	!
	659	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	660	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	661	CALL check_open( 80 )
	662	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	663	number_of_particles
[1359]	664	CALL close_file( 80 )
	665	ENDIF
	666
	667	ENDIF
	668
[2967]	669	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
[2801]	670
[1359]	671	!
[2312]	672	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	673	!-- first grid cell
	674	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	675	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	676	!
	677	!-- Formats
	678	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	679
	680	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	681
[1682]	682	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	683	! Description:
	684	! ------------
	685	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	686	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	687	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	688
	689	USE arrays_3d, &
	690	ONLY: zw
[1359]	691	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	692	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	693
[2628]	694	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	695	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	696
[1871]	697	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	698	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	699
[1359]	700	IMPLICIT NONE
	701
[1929]	702	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	703	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	704	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	705	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	706	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	707	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	708	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	709	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	710	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	711	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	712	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	713
[1929]	714	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	715
[1929]	716	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	717	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	718
[1929]	719	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	720
[2312]	721	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	722	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	723	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	724	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	725
[1929]	726	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	727
	728	!
	729	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	730	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	731	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	732	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	733	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	734	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	735	ELSE
	736	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	737	ENDIF
	738
[2182]	739	!
	740	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	741	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	742	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	743	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	744	END IF
	745
[1]	746	n = 0
	747	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	748
	749	pos_z = psb(i)
	750
	751	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	752
[2954]	753	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	754
	755
[2223]	756	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	757
[2223]	758	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	759
[2606]	760	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	761	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	762
[2223]	763	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	764
[2223]	765	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	766
[2606]	767	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	768	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	769
	770	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	771
[2305]	772
[2223]	773	n = n + 1
	774	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	775	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	776	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	777	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	778	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	779	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	780	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	781	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	782	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	783	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	784	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	785	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	786	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	787	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	788	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	789	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	790	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	791	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	792	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	793	ELSE
	794	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	795	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	796	ENDIF
[2223]	797	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	798	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	799	tmp_particle%class = 1
	800	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	801	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	802	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	803	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	804	!
[2223]	805	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	806	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	807	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[3065]	808	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2628]	809	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	810	kp = kp + 1
	811	ENDDO
	812	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	813	kp = kp - 1
	814	ENDDO
[2232]	815	!
	816	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	817	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	818	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	819
[2223]	820	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	821	!
[2223]	822	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	823	kp = kp + k_surf
	824	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	825	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	826	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	827	!-- of overhanging structures.
	828	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	829	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	830	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	831	CYCLE xloop
	832	ENDIF
[2232]	833	!
[2312]	834	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	835	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	836	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	837	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	838	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	839	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	840	THEN
[1575]	841	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	842	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	843	ENDIF
	844
[2223]	845	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	846
[2223]	847	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	848	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	849	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	850	ENDIF
	851	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	852	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	853	ENDIF
	854	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	855
[1359]	856	ENDIF
[2223]	857	ENDDO
[1929]	858
[2223]	859	ENDIF
[1]	860
[2223]	861	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	862
[2223]	863	ENDDO xloop
[1]	864
[2223]	865	ENDIF
[1]	866
[2223]	867	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	868
[2223]	869	ENDDO
[1]	870
[2223]	871	ENDIF
[1]	872
	873	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	874
	875	ENDDO
	876
	877	ENDDO
	878
[1359]	879	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	880	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	881	DO jp = nys, nyn
	882	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	883	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	884	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	885	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	886	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	887	min_nr_particle )
	888	ELSE
	889	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	890	ENDIF
	891	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	892	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	893	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	894	ENDDO
	895	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	896	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	897	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	898	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	899	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	900	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	901	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	902	ENDIF
	903	ENDIF
	904	ENDIF
	905	ENDDO
	906	ENDDO
	907	ENDDO
	908	ENDIF
[1929]	909
[1359]	910	ENDDO
[1]	911
[2182]	912
	913
[1359]	914	local_start = prt_count+1
	915	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	916
[1]	917	!
[2122]	918	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	919	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	920	DO jp = nys, nyn
	921	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	922	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	923	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	924	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	925
[2312]	926	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	927
[2305]	928	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	929	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	930	!
	931	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	932	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	933	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	934
	935	ENDDO
	936
	937	ENDDO
	938	ENDDO
	939	ENDDO
	940
	941	!
[1871]	942	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	943	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	944	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	945	ENDIF
	946
	947	!
[1929]	948	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	949	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	950	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	951	DO jp = nys, nyn
	952	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	953	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	954	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	955	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	956	!
[2312]	957	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	958	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	959	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	960	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	961	!-- respectively.
[1929]	962	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	963	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	964	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	965	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	966	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	967	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	968	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	969	)
[1359]	970	ENDIF
	971	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	972	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	973	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	974	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	975	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	976	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	977	)
[1359]	978	ENDIF
	979	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	980	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	981	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	982	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[3065]	983	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dzw(kp), rand_contr ), &
	984	ABS( rand_contr ) < dzw(kp) &
[2312]	985	)
[1359]	986	ENDIF
	987	ENDDO
[1]	988	!
[1929]	989	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	990	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	991	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	992	!
	993	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	994	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	995	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	996	particles => &
	997	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	998	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	999	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	1000	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[3065]	1001	k = particles(n)%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2628]	1002	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	1003	k = k + 1
	1004	ENDDO
	1005	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	1006	k = k - 1
	1007	ENDDO
[2232]	1008	!
	1009	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	1010	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	1011	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	1012	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	1013	ENDIF
[2232]	1014
[1929]	1015	ENDDO
[1359]	1016	ENDDO
	1017	ENDDO
	1018	ENDDO
[1]	1019	!
[1359]	1020	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	1021	CALL lpm_move_particle
	1022	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	1023
[1359]	1024	ENDIF
[1]	1025	!
[2312]	1026	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	1027	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	1028	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	1029	!-- position.
[2606]	1030	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1031
	1032	!
[2265]	1033	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1034	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1035	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1036	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1037	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1038	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1039	ENDDO
[1359]	1040	ENDDO
	1041	ENDDO
[1]	1042	!
[1822]	1043	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1044	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1045	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1046	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1047	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1048	#else
[1359]	1049	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1050	#endif
	1051
[1359]	1052	RETURN
[1]	1053
[1359]	1054	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1055
[1871]	1056	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1057
	1058	USE arrays_3d, &
[3274]	1059	ONLY: hyp, pt, q, exner
[1871]	1060
[3274]	1061	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	1062	ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, magnus, &
[3361]	1063	pi, rd_d_rv, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1064
	1065	USE kinds
	1066
	1067	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1068	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1069
	1070	IMPLICIT NONE
	1071
[2122]	1072	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1073	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1074	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1075	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1076	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1077	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1078	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1079	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1080	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1081	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1082	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1083	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1084
[1890]	1085	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1086
	1087	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1088	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1089	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1090	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1091
	1092	!
[2375]	1093	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1094	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1095	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1096	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1097	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1098	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1099	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1100	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1101	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1102	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1103	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1104	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1105	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1106	ELSE
	1107	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1108	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1109	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1110	ENDIF
	1111	!
[2312]	1112	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1113	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1114	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1115	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1116	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1117	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1118	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1119	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1120	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1121	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1122	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1123	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1124	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1125	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1126	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1127	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1128	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1129	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1130	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1131	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1132	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1133	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1134	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1135	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1136	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1137	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1138	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1139	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1140	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1141	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1142	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1143	CONTINUE
	1144	ELSE
	1145	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1146	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1147	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1148	ENDIF
	1149
	1150	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1151	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1152	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1153
	1154	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1155	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1156	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1157
	1158	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1159	!
	1160	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1161	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1162	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1163	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1164
[2312]	1165	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1166	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1167	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1168
[2312]	1169	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1170	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1171	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1172	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1173	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1174	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1175	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1176	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
[3039]	1177	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
[1871]	1178
[2312]	1179	!
	1180	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1181	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1182	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1183
[2312]	1184	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1185	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1186	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1187	ELSE
	1188	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1189	ENDIF
	1190	!
[2312]	1191	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1192	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1193
[2312]	1194	ENDDO
[1871]	1195	!
	1196	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1197	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1198	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1199	!-- the simulation.
[3274]	1200	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * exner(kp)
[1871]	1201
[2608]	1202	e_s = magnus( t_int )
[3361]	1203	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + rd_d_rv )
[1871]	1204
[2122]	1205	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1206	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1207
	1208	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1209	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1210	!
[2312]	1211	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1212	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1213	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1214
[2312]	1215	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1216	!
[2312]	1217	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1218	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1219	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1220	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1221	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1222	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1223	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1224	)
[1871]	1225
[2122]	1226	ENDDO
[1871]	1227
	1228	ENDDO
	1229	ENDDO
	1230	ENDDO
	1231
	1232	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1233
[1359]	1234	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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