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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3288

Last change on this file since 3288 was 3274, checked in by knoop, 6 years ago
Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
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File size: 47.4 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[3049]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z suehring $
[3274]	27	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
	28	!
	29	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	30	! unused variables removed
	31	!
	32	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
[3065]	33	! dz was replaced by dzw or dz(1) to allow for right vertical stretching
	34	!
	35	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
[3049]	36	! Error messages revised
	37	!
	38	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	39	! Error message revised
	40	!
	41	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
[3039]	42	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
	43	!
	44	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	45	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
	46	!
	47	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
[2954]	48	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
	49	!
	50	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
[2801]	51	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	52	!
	53	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	54	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	55	!
[2716]	56	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	57	! Changes from last commit documented
	58	!
[2701]	59	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	60	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	61	!
	62	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	63	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	64	!
	65	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	66	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	67	!
	68	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	69	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	70	!
	71	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	72	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	73	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	74	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	75	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	76	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	77	!
	78	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	79	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	80	!
	81	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	82	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	83	!
	84	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	85	! Get topography top index via Function call
	86	!
	87	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	88	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	89	!
	90	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	91	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	92	!
[2305]	93	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	94	! Changed error messages
[2312]	95	!
[2274]	96	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	97	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	98	!
[2265]	99	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	100	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	101	!
[2263]	102	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	103	!
[2233]	104	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	105	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	106	!
	107	!
[2224]	108	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	109	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	110	!
[2183]	111	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	112	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	113	!
[2123]	114	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	115	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	116	! Calculation of particle ID
	117	!
[2001]	118	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	119	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	120	!
[1930]	121	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	122	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	123	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	124	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	125	! than one grid length.
	126	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	127	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	128	!
[1891]	129	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	130	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	131	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	132	! initialization.
	133	!
[1874]	134	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	135	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	136	!
[1872]	137	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	138	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	139	!
[1851]	140	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	141	! Module renamed
	142	!
[1832]	143	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	144	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	145	!
[1823]	146	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	147	! Unused variables removed.
	148	!
[1784]	149	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	150	! netcdf module added
	151	!
[2312]	152	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	153	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	154	! used.
	155	!
[1692]	156	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	157	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	158	!
[1686]	159	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	160	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	161	!
[1683]	162	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	163	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	164	!
[1576]	165	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	166	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	167	!
[1360]	168	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	169	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	170	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	171	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	172	!
[1329]	173	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	174	! -netcdf_output
	175	!
[1323]	176	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	177	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	178	!
[1321]	179	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	180	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	181	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	182	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	183	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	184	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	185	! all variable declaration statements
	186	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	187	!
[1315]	188	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	189	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	190	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	191	!
[1093]	192	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	193	! unused variables removed
	194	!
[1037]	195	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	196	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	197	!
[850]	198	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	199	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	200	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	201	! advec_particles),
	202	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	203	!
[829]	204	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	205	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	206	!
[826]	207	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	208	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	209	! array particles implemented as pointer
	210	!
[668]	211	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	212	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	213	! of arrays.
	214	!
[1]	215	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	216	! Initial revision
	217	!
	218	!
	219	! Description:
	220	! ------------
[1682]	221	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	222	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	223	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	224	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	225
[2305]	226	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	227
[1320]	228	USE arrays_3d, &
[3039]	229	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
[1320]	230
	231	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	232	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	233	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	234	simulated_time
[1320]	235
	236	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	237	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	238
	239	USE indices, &
[1575]	240	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	241	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	242
	243	USE kinds
	244
	245	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	246	ONLY: init_kernels
	247
[1783]	248	USE netcdf_interface, &
	249	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	250
[1320]	251	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	252	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	253	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	254	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	255	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	256	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	257	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	258	number_concentration, &
[2265]	259	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	260	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	261	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	262	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	263	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	264	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	265	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	266	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	267	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	268	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	269	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	270
[1]	271	USE pegrid
	272
[1320]	273	USE random_function_mod, &
	274	ONLY: random_function
[1]	275
[2232]	276	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	277	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	278
[2801]	279	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	280	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	281
[1359]	282	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	283
[1359]	284	PRIVATE
	285
[1682]	286	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	287	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	288
	289	INTERFACE lpm_init
	290	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	291	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	292
	293	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	294	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	295	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	296
	297	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	298
[1929]	299	CONTAINS
[1359]	300
[1682]	301	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	302	! Description:
	303	! ------------
	304	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	305	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	306	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	307
	308	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	309	ONLY: init_kernels
	310
[2967]	311	USE pmc_interface, &
	312	ONLY: nested_run
	313
[1]	314	IMPLICIT NONE
	315
[1682]	316	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	317	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	318	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	319
[2312]	320	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	321	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	322	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	323	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	324	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	325
[1359]	326
[1]	327	!
[150]	328	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	329	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	330	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	331	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	332	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	333	ENDIF
	334
[1359]	335	!
	336	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	337	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	338	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	339	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	340	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	341	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	342	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	343	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	344	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	345	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	346	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	347	!
[1]	348	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	349	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[3045]	350	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	351	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[3046]	352	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
[254]	353	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	354	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	355	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	356	ENDIF
[2232]	357	!
	358	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	359	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	360	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	361	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[3045]	362	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
[2312]	363	'with particles'
[2232]	364	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	365
[2312]	366	ENDIF
[2232]	367
[1]	368	!
	369	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	370	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	371	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	372	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	373	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	374	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	375	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	376
[1359]	377	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	378	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	379	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	380
[2182]	381	!
	382	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	383	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	384	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	385	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	386	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	387	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	388	!
[2312]	389	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	390	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	391	div = 1000.0_wp
	392	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	393	div = div / 10.0_wp
	394	ENDDO
	395	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	396	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	397	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	398
	399	ENDIF
	400
[1]	401	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	402	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	403	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	404	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	405	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	406	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	407	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	408	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	409	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	410	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	411	ENDDO
	412
	413	!
[2312]	414	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	415	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	416	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	417	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	418	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	419	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	420
[2312]	421	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	422	ENDIF
	423
	424	!
[2312]	425	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	426	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	427	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	428	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	429	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	430	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	431	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	432	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	433
	434	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	435	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	436
	437	!
	438	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	439	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	440	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	441	!-- negligible.
[2232]	442	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	443	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	444	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	445
[1320]	446	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	447	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	448	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	449	#else
	450	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	451	#endif
[1314]	452
	453	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	454	!
	455	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	456	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	457	!
	458	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	459	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	460	!
	461	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	462	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	463	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	464
	465	height_p = height_p + height_int
	466	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	467
	468	ENDDO
	469
	470	ENDIF
	471
	472	!
[1359]	473	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	474	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	475
[1359]	476	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	477	ibc_par_b = 1
	478
	479	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	480	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	481
[1359]	482	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	483	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	484	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	485	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	486
[1359]	487	END SELECT
	488	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	489
[1359]	490	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	491	ibc_par_t = 1
	492
	493	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	494	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	495
	496	CASE ( 'nested' )
	497	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	498
[1359]	499	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	500	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	501	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	502	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	503
[1359]	504	END SELECT
	505	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	506
	507	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	508	ibc_par_lr = 0
	509
	510	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	511	ibc_par_lr = 1
	512
	513	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	514	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	515
	516	CASE ( 'nested' )
	517	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	518
[1359]	519	CASE DEFAULT
	520	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	521	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	522	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	523
[1359]	524	END SELECT
	525	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	526
	527	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	528	ibc_par_ns = 0
	529
	530	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	531	ibc_par_ns = 1
	532
	533	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	534	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	535
	536	CASE ( 'nested' )
	537	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	538
[1359]	539	CASE DEFAULT
	540	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	541	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	542	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	543
[1359]	544	END SELECT
[2263]	545	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	546
[2263]	547	CASE ( 'const' )
	548	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	549
[2263]	550	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	551	i_splitting_mode = 2
	552
	553	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	554	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	555
[2263]	556	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	557	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
	558	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
[2263]	559	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	560
[2263]	561	END SELECT
	562	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	563
[2263]	564	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	565	isf = 1
	566
	567	CASE ( 'log' )
	568	isf = 2
	569
	570	CASE ( 'exp' )
	571	isf = 3
[2312]	572
[2263]	573	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	574	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
	575	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
[2263]	576	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	577
[2263]	578	END SELECT
	579
[2312]	580
[1359]	581	!
[828]	582	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	583	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	584
	585	!
[1]	586	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	587	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	588	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	589	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	590
[849]	591	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	592
	593	ELSE
	594
	595	!
	596	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	597	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	598	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	599	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	600
[1359]	601	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	602
	603	sort_count = 0
[1359]	604	prt_count = 0
[792]	605
[1]	606	!
[2312]	607	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	608	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	609
	610	!
[1]	611	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	612	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	613	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	614	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	615	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	616	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	617	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	618	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	619
[1359]	620	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	621
	622	!
	623	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	624	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	625	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	626	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	627	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	628	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	629	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	630	ENDIF
[1359]	631	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	632	ENDDO
	633
	634	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	635	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[3045]	636	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
[254]	637	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	638	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	639	ENDIF
	640	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	641	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	642	ENDDO
	643
	644	!
[1359]	645	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	646	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	647	!-- different on the different PEs.
	648	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	649
[1725]	650	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	651	!
	652	!-- User modification of initial particles
	653	CALL user_lpm_init
	654
	655	!
	656	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	657	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	658	CALL check_open( 80 )
	659	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	660	number_of_particles
[1359]	661	CALL close_file( 80 )
	662	ENDIF
	663
	664	ENDIF
	665
[2967]	666	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
[2801]	667
[1359]	668	!
[2312]	669	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	670	!-- first grid cell
	671	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	672	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	673	!
	674	!-- Formats
	675	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	676
	677	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	678
[1682]	679	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	680	! Description:
	681	! ------------
	682	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	683	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	684	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	685
	686	USE arrays_3d, &
	687	ONLY: zw
[1359]	688	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	689	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	690
[2628]	691	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	692	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	693
[1871]	694	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	695	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	696
[1359]	697	IMPLICIT NONE
	698
[1929]	699	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	700	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	701	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	702	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	703	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	704	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	705	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	706	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	707	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	708	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	709	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	710
[1929]	711	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	712
[1929]	713	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	714	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	715
[1929]	716	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	717
[2312]	718	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	719	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	720	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	721	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	722
[1929]	723	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	724
	725	!
	726	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	727	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	728	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	729	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	730	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	731	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	732	ELSE
	733	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	734	ENDIF
	735
[2182]	736	!
	737	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	738	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	739	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	740	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	741	END IF
	742
[1]	743	n = 0
	744	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	745
	746	pos_z = psb(i)
	747
	748	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	749
[2954]	750	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	751
	752
[2223]	753	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	754
[2223]	755	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	756
[2606]	757	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	758	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	759
[2223]	760	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	761
[2223]	762	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	763
[2606]	764	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	765	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	766
	767	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	768
[2305]	769
[2223]	770	n = n + 1
	771	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	772	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	773	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	774	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	775	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	776	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	777	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	778	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	779	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	780	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	781	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	782	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	783	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	784	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	785	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	786	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	787	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	788	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	789	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	790	ELSE
	791	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	792	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	793	ENDIF
[2223]	794	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	795	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	796	tmp_particle%class = 1
	797	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	798	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	799	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	800	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	801	!
[2223]	802	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	803	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	804	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[3065]	805	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2628]	806	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	807	kp = kp + 1
	808	ENDDO
	809	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	810	kp = kp - 1
	811	ENDDO
[2232]	812	!
	813	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	814	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	815	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	816
[2223]	817	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	818	!
[2223]	819	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	820	kp = kp + k_surf
	821	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	822	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	823	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	824	!-- of overhanging structures.
	825	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	826	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	827	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	828	CYCLE xloop
	829	ENDIF
[2232]	830	!
[2312]	831	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	832	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	833	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	834	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	835	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	836	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	837	THEN
[1575]	838	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	839	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	840	ENDIF
	841
[2223]	842	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	843
[2223]	844	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	845	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	846	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	847	ENDIF
	848	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	849	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	850	ENDIF
	851	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	852
[1359]	853	ENDIF
[2223]	854	ENDDO
[1929]	855
[2223]	856	ENDIF
[1]	857
[2223]	858	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	859
[2223]	860	ENDDO xloop
[1]	861
[2223]	862	ENDIF
[1]	863
[2223]	864	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	865
[2223]	866	ENDDO
[1]	867
[2223]	868	ENDIF
[1]	869
	870	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	871
	872	ENDDO
	873
	874	ENDDO
	875
[1359]	876	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	877	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	878	DO jp = nys, nyn
	879	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	880	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	881	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	882	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	883	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	884	min_nr_particle )
	885	ELSE
	886	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	887	ENDIF
	888	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	889	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	890	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	891	ENDDO
	892	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	893	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	894	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	895	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	896	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	897	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	898	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	899	ENDIF
	900	ENDIF
	901	ENDIF
	902	ENDDO
	903	ENDDO
	904	ENDDO
	905	ENDIF
[1929]	906
[1359]	907	ENDDO
[1]	908
[2182]	909
	910
[1359]	911	local_start = prt_count+1
	912	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	913
[1]	914	!
[2122]	915	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	916	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	917	DO jp = nys, nyn
	918	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	919	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	920	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	921	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	922
[2312]	923	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	924
[2305]	925	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	926	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	927	!
	928	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	929	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	930	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	931
	932	ENDDO
	933
	934	ENDDO
	935	ENDDO
	936	ENDDO
	937
	938	!
[1871]	939	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	940	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	941	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	942	ENDIF
	943
	944	!
[1929]	945	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	946	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	947	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	948	DO jp = nys, nyn
	949	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	950	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	951	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	952	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	953	!
[2312]	954	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	955	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	956	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	957	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	958	!-- respectively.
[1929]	959	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	960	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	961	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	962	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	963	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	964	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	965	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	966	)
[1359]	967	ENDIF
	968	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	969	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	970	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	971	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	972	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	973	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	974	)
[1359]	975	ENDIF
	976	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	977	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	978	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	979	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[3065]	980	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dzw(kp), rand_contr ), &
	981	ABS( rand_contr ) < dzw(kp) &
[2312]	982	)
[1359]	983	ENDIF
	984	ENDDO
[1]	985	!
[1929]	986	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	987	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	988	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	989	!
	990	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	991	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	992	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	993	particles => &
	994	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	995	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	996	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	997	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[3065]	998	k = particles(n)%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2628]	999	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	1000	k = k + 1
	1001	ENDDO
	1002	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	1003	k = k - 1
	1004	ENDDO
[2232]	1005	!
	1006	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	1007	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	1008	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	1009	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	1010	ENDIF
[2232]	1011
[1929]	1012	ENDDO
[1359]	1013	ENDDO
	1014	ENDDO
	1015	ENDDO
[1]	1016	!
[1359]	1017	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	1018	CALL lpm_move_particle
	1019	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	1020
[1359]	1021	ENDIF
[1]	1022	!
[2312]	1023	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	1024	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	1025	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	1026	!-- position.
[2606]	1027	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1028
	1029	!
[2265]	1030	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1031	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1032	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1033	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1034	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1035	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1036	ENDDO
[1359]	1037	ENDDO
	1038	ENDDO
[1]	1039	!
[1822]	1040	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1041	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1042	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1043	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1044	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1045	#else
[1359]	1046	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1047	#endif
	1048
[1359]	1049	RETURN
[1]	1050
[1359]	1051	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1052
[1871]	1053	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1054
	1055	USE arrays_3d, &
[3274]	1056	ONLY: hyp, pt, q, exner
[1871]	1057
[3274]	1058	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	1059	ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, magnus, &
	1060	pi, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1061
	1062	USE kinds
	1063
	1064	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1065	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1066
	1067	IMPLICIT NONE
	1068
[2122]	1069	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1070	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1071	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1072	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1073	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1074	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1075	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1076	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1077	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1078	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1079	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1080	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1081
[1890]	1082	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1083
	1084	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1085	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1086	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1087	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1088
	1089	!
[2375]	1090	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1091	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1092	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1093	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1094	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1095	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1096	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1097	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1098	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1099	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1100	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1101	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1102	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1103	ELSE
	1104	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1105	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1106	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1107	ENDIF
	1108	!
[2312]	1109	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1110	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1111	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1112	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1113	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1114	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1115	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1116	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1117	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1118	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1119	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1120	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1121	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1122	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1123	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1124	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1125	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1126	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1127	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1128	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1129	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1130	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1131	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1132	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1133	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1134	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1135	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1136	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1137	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1138	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1139	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1140	CONTINUE
	1141	ELSE
	1142	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1143	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1144	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1145	ENDIF
	1146
	1147	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1148	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1149	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1150
	1151	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1152	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1153	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1154
	1155	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1156	!
	1157	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1158	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1159	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1160	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1161
[2312]	1162	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1163	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1164	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1165
[2312]	1166	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1167	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1168	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1169	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1170	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1171	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1172	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1173	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
[3039]	1174	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
[1871]	1175
[2312]	1176	!
	1177	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1178	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1179	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1180
[2312]	1181	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1182	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1183	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1184	ELSE
	1185	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1186	ENDIF
	1187	!
[2312]	1188	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1189	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1190
[2312]	1191	ENDDO
[1871]	1192	!
	1193	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1194	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1195	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1196	!-- the simulation.
[3274]	1197	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * exner(kp)
[1871]	1198
[2608]	1199	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1200	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1201
[2122]	1202	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1203	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1204
	1205	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1206	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1207	!
[2312]	1208	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1209	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1210	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1211
[2312]	1212	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1213	!
[2312]	1214	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1215	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1216	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1217	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1218	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1219	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1220	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1221	)
[1871]	1222
[2122]	1223	ENDDO
[1871]	1224
	1225	ENDDO
	1226	ENDDO
	1227	ENDDO
	1228
	1229	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1230
[1359]	1231	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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