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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3245

Last change on this file since 3245 was 3241, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
various changes to avoid compiler warnings (mainly removal of unused variables)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.5 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[3049]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z knoop $
[3241]	27	! unused variables removed
	28	!
	29	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
[3065]	30	! dz was replaced by dzw or dz(1) to allow for right vertical stretching
	31	!
	32	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
[3049]	33	! Error messages revised
	34	!
	35	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	36	! Error message revised
	37	!
	38	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
[3039]	39	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
	40	!
	41	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	42	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
	43	!
	44	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
[2954]	45	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
	46	!
	47	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
[2801]	48	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	49	!
	50	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	51	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	52	!
[2716]	53	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	54	! Changes from last commit documented
	55	!
[2701]	56	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	57	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	58	!
	59	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	60	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	61	!
	62	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	63	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	64	!
	65	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	66	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	67	!
	68	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	69	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	70	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	71	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	72	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	73	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	74	!
	75	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	76	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	77	!
	78	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	79	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	80	!
	81	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	82	! Get topography top index via Function call
	83	!
	84	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	85	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	86	!
	87	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	88	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	89	!
[2305]	90	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	91	! Changed error messages
[2312]	92	!
[2274]	93	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	94	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	95	!
[2265]	96	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	97	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	98	!
[2263]	99	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	100	!
[2233]	101	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	102	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	103	!
	104	!
[2224]	105	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	106	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	107	!
[2183]	108	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	109	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	110	!
[2123]	111	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	112	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	113	! Calculation of particle ID
	114	!
[2001]	115	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	116	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	117	!
[1930]	118	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	119	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	120	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	121	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	122	! than one grid length.
	123	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	124	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	125	!
[1891]	126	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	127	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	128	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	129	! initialization.
	130	!
[1874]	131	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	132	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	133	!
[1872]	134	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	135	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	136	!
[1851]	137	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	138	! Module renamed
	139	!
[1832]	140	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	141	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	142	!
[1823]	143	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	144	! Unused variables removed.
	145	!
[1784]	146	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	147	! netcdf module added
	148	!
[2312]	149	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	150	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	151	! used.
	152	!
[1692]	153	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	154	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	155	!
[1686]	156	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	157	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	158	!
[1683]	159	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	160	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	161	!
[1576]	162	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	163	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	164	!
[1360]	165	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	166	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	167	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	168	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	169	!
[1329]	170	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	171	! -netcdf_output
	172	!
[1323]	173	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	174	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	175	!
[1321]	176	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	177	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	178	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	179	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	180	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	181	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	182	! all variable declaration statements
	183	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	184	!
[1315]	185	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	186	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	187	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	188	!
[1093]	189	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	190	! unused variables removed
	191	!
[1037]	192	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	193	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	194	!
[850]	195	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	196	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	197	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	198	! advec_particles),
	199	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	200	!
[829]	201	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	202	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	203	!
[826]	204	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	205	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	206	! array particles implemented as pointer
	207	!
[668]	208	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	209	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	210	! of arrays.
	211	!
[1]	212	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	213	! Initial revision
	214	!
	215	!
	216	! Description:
	217	! ------------
[1682]	218	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	219	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	220	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	221	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	222
[2305]	223	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	224
[1320]	225	USE arrays_3d, &
[3039]	226	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
[1320]	227
	228	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	229	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	230	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	231	simulated_time
[1320]	232
	233	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	234	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	235
	236	USE indices, &
[1575]	237	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	238	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	239
	240	USE kinds
	241
	242	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	243	ONLY: init_kernels
	244
[1783]	245	USE netcdf_interface, &
	246	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	247
[1320]	248	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	249	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	250	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	251	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	252	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	253	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	254	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	255	number_concentration, &
[2265]	256	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	257	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	258	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	259	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	260	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	261	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	262	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	263	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	264	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	265	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	266	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	267
[1]	268	USE pegrid
	269
[1320]	270	USE random_function_mod, &
	271	ONLY: random_function
[1]	272
[2232]	273	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	274	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	275
[2801]	276	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	277	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	278
[1359]	279	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	280
[1359]	281	PRIVATE
	282
[1682]	283	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	284	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	285
	286	INTERFACE lpm_init
	287	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	288	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	289
	290	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	291	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	292	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	293
	294	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	295
[1929]	296	CONTAINS
[1359]	297
[1682]	298	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	299	! Description:
	300	! ------------
	301	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	302	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	303	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	304
	305	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	306	ONLY: init_kernels
	307
[2967]	308	USE pmc_interface, &
	309	ONLY: nested_run
	310
[1]	311	IMPLICIT NONE
	312
[1682]	313	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	314	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	315	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	316
[2312]	317	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	318	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	319	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	320	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	321	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	322
[1359]	323
[1]	324	!
[150]	325	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	326	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	327	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	328	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	329	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	330	ENDIF
	331
[1359]	332	!
	333	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	334	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	335	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	336	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	337	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	338	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	339	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	340	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	341	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	342	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	343	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	344	!
[1]	345	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	346	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[3045]	347	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	348	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[3046]	349	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
[254]	350	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	351	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	352	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	353	ENDIF
[2232]	354	!
	355	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	356	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	357	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	358	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[3045]	359	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
[2312]	360	'with particles'
[2232]	361	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	362
[2312]	363	ENDIF
[2232]	364
[1]	365	!
	366	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	367	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	368	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	369	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	370	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	371	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	372	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	373
[1359]	374	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	375	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	376	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	377
[2182]	378	!
	379	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	380	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	381	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	382	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	383	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	384	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	385	!
[2312]	386	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	387	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	388	div = 1000.0_wp
	389	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	390	div = div / 10.0_wp
	391	ENDDO
	392	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	393	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	394	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	395
	396	ENDIF
	397
[1]	398	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	399	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	400	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	401	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	402	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	403	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	404	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	405	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	406	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	407	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	408	ENDDO
	409
	410	!
[2312]	411	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	412	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	413	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	414	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	415	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	416	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	417
[2312]	418	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	419	ENDIF
	420
	421	!
[2312]	422	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	423	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	424	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	425	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	426	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	427	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	428	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	429	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	430
	431	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	432	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	433
	434	!
	435	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	436	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	437	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	438	!-- negligible.
[2232]	439	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	440	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	441	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	442
[1320]	443	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	444	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	445	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	446	#else
	447	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	448	#endif
[1314]	449
	450	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	451	!
	452	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	453	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	454	!
	455	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	456	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	457	!
	458	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	459	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	460	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	461
	462	height_p = height_p + height_int
	463	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	464
	465	ENDDO
	466
	467	ENDIF
	468
	469	!
[1359]	470	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	471	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	472
[1359]	473	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	474	ibc_par_b = 1
	475
	476	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	477	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	478
[1359]	479	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	480	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	481	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	482	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	483
[1359]	484	END SELECT
	485	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	486
[1359]	487	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	488	ibc_par_t = 1
	489
	490	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	491	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	492
	493	CASE ( 'nested' )
	494	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	495
[1359]	496	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	497	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	498	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	499	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	500
[1359]	501	END SELECT
	502	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	503
	504	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	505	ibc_par_lr = 0
	506
	507	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	508	ibc_par_lr = 1
	509
	510	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	511	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	512
	513	CASE ( 'nested' )
	514	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	515
[1359]	516	CASE DEFAULT
	517	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	518	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	519	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	520
[1359]	521	END SELECT
	522	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	523
	524	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	525	ibc_par_ns = 0
	526
	527	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	528	ibc_par_ns = 1
	529
	530	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	531	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	532
	533	CASE ( 'nested' )
	534	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	535
[1359]	536	CASE DEFAULT
	537	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	538	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	539	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	540
[1359]	541	END SELECT
[2263]	542	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	543
[2263]	544	CASE ( 'const' )
	545	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	546
[2263]	547	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	548	i_splitting_mode = 2
	549
	550	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	551	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	552
[2263]	553	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	554	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
	555	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
[2263]	556	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	557
[2263]	558	END SELECT
	559	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	560
[2263]	561	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	562	isf = 1
	563
	564	CASE ( 'log' )
	565	isf = 2
	566
	567	CASE ( 'exp' )
	568	isf = 3
[2312]	569
[2263]	570	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	571	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
	572	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
[2263]	573	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	574
[2263]	575	END SELECT
	576
[2312]	577
[1359]	578	!
[828]	579	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	580	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	581
	582	!
[1]	583	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	584	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	585	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	586	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	587
[849]	588	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	589
	590	ELSE
	591
	592	!
	593	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	594	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	595	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	596	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	597
[1359]	598	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	599
	600	sort_count = 0
[1359]	601	prt_count = 0
[792]	602
[1]	603	!
[2312]	604	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	605	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	606
	607	!
[1]	608	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	609	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	610	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	611	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	612	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	613	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	614	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	615	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	616
[1359]	617	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	618
	619	!
	620	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	621	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	622	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	623	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	624	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	625	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	626	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	627	ENDIF
[1359]	628	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	629	ENDDO
	630
	631	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	632	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[3045]	633	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
[254]	634	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	635	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	636	ENDIF
	637	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	638	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	639	ENDDO
	640
	641	!
[1359]	642	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	643	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	644	!-- different on the different PEs.
	645	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	646
[1725]	647	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	648	!
	649	!-- User modification of initial particles
	650	CALL user_lpm_init
	651
	652	!
	653	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	654	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	655	CALL check_open( 80 )
	656	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	657	number_of_particles
[1359]	658	CALL close_file( 80 )
	659	ENDIF
	660
	661	ENDIF
	662
[2967]	663	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
[2801]	664
[1359]	665	!
[2312]	666	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	667	!-- first grid cell
	668	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	669	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	670	!
	671	!-- Formats
	672	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	673
	674	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	675
[1682]	676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	677	! Description:
	678	! ------------
	679	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	681	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	682
	683	USE arrays_3d, &
	684	ONLY: zw
[1359]	685	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	686	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	687
[2628]	688	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	689	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	690
[1871]	691	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	692	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	693
[1359]	694	IMPLICIT NONE
	695
[1929]	696	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	697	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	698	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	699	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	700	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	701	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	702	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	703	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	704	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	705	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	706	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	707
[1929]	708	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	709
[1929]	710	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	711	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	712
[1929]	713	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	714
[2312]	715	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	716	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	717	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	718	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	719
[1929]	720	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	721
	722	!
	723	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	724	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	725	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	726	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	727	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	728	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	729	ELSE
	730	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	731	ENDIF
	732
[2182]	733	!
	734	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	735	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	736	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	737	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	738	END IF
	739
[1]	740	n = 0
	741	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	742
	743	pos_z = psb(i)
	744
	745	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	746
[2954]	747	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	748
	749
[2223]	750	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	751
[2223]	752	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	753
[2606]	754	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	755	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	756
[2223]	757	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	758
[2223]	759	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	760
[2606]	761	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	762	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	763
	764	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	765
[2305]	766
[2223]	767	n = n + 1
	768	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	769	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	770	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	771	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	772	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	773	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	774	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	775	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	776	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	777	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	778	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	779	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	780	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	781	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	782	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	783	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	784	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	785	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	786	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	787	ELSE
	788	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	789	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	790	ENDIF
[2223]	791	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	792	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	793	tmp_particle%class = 1
	794	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	795	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	796	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	797	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	798	!
[2223]	799	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	800	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	801	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[3065]	802	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2628]	803	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	804	kp = kp + 1
	805	ENDDO
	806	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	807	kp = kp - 1
	808	ENDDO
[2232]	809	!
	810	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	811	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	812	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	813
[2223]	814	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	815	!
[2223]	816	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	817	kp = kp + k_surf
	818	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	819	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	820	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	821	!-- of overhanging structures.
	822	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	823	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	824	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	825	CYCLE xloop
	826	ENDIF
[2232]	827	!
[2312]	828	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	829	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	830	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	831	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	832	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	833	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	834	THEN
[1575]	835	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	836	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	837	ENDIF
	838
[2223]	839	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	840
[2223]	841	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	842	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	843	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	844	ENDIF
	845	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	846	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	847	ENDIF
	848	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	849
[1359]	850	ENDIF
[2223]	851	ENDDO
[1929]	852
[2223]	853	ENDIF
[1]	854
[2223]	855	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	856
[2223]	857	ENDDO xloop
[1]	858
[2223]	859	ENDIF
[1]	860
[2223]	861	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	862
[2223]	863	ENDDO
[1]	864
[2223]	865	ENDIF
[1]	866
	867	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	868
	869	ENDDO
	870
	871	ENDDO
	872
[1359]	873	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	874	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	875	DO jp = nys, nyn
	876	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	877	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	878	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	879	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	880	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	881	min_nr_particle )
	882	ELSE
	883	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	884	ENDIF
	885	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	886	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	887	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	888	ENDDO
	889	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	890	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	891	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	892	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	893	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	894	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	895	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	896	ENDIF
	897	ENDIF
	898	ENDIF
	899	ENDDO
	900	ENDDO
	901	ENDDO
	902	ENDIF
[1929]	903
[1359]	904	ENDDO
[1]	905
[2182]	906
	907
[1359]	908	local_start = prt_count+1
	909	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	910
[1]	911	!
[2122]	912	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	913	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	914	DO jp = nys, nyn
	915	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	916	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	917	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	918	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	919
[2312]	920	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	921
[2305]	922	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	923	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	924	!
	925	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	926	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	927	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	928
	929	ENDDO
	930
	931	ENDDO
	932	ENDDO
	933	ENDDO
	934
	935	!
[1871]	936	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	937	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	938	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	939	ENDIF
	940
	941	!
[1929]	942	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	943	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	944	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	945	DO jp = nys, nyn
	946	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	947	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	948	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	949	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	950	!
[2312]	951	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	952	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	953	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	954	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	955	!-- respectively.
[1929]	956	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	957	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	958	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	959	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	960	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	961	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	962	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	963	)
[1359]	964	ENDIF
	965	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	966	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	967	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	968	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	969	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	970	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	971	)
[1359]	972	ENDIF
	973	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	974	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	975	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	976	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[3065]	977	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dzw(kp), rand_contr ), &
	978	ABS( rand_contr ) < dzw(kp) &
[2312]	979	)
[1359]	980	ENDIF
	981	ENDDO
[1]	982	!
[1929]	983	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	984	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	985	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	986	!
	987	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	988	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	989	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	990	particles => &
	991	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	992	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	993	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	994	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[3065]	995	k = particles(n)%z / dz(1) + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2628]	996	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	997	k = k + 1
	998	ENDDO
	999	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	1000	k = k - 1
	1001	ENDDO
[2232]	1002	!
	1003	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	1004	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	1005	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	1006	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	1007	ENDIF
[2232]	1008
[1929]	1009	ENDDO
[1359]	1010	ENDDO
	1011	ENDDO
	1012	ENDDO
[1]	1013	!
[1359]	1014	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	1015	CALL lpm_move_particle
	1016	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	1017
[1359]	1018	ENDIF
[1]	1019	!
[2312]	1020	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	1021	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	1022	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	1023	!-- position.
[2606]	1024	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1025
	1026	!
[2265]	1027	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1028	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1029	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1030	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1031	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1032	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1033	ENDDO
[1359]	1034	ENDDO
	1035	ENDDO
[1]	1036	!
[1822]	1037	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1038	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1039	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1040	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1041	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1042	#else
[1359]	1043	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1044	#endif
	1045
[1359]	1046	RETURN
[1]	1047
[1359]	1048	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1049
[1871]	1050	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1051
	1052	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1053	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1054
	1055	USE cloud_parameters, &
[3241]	1056	ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, &
	1057	r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1058
	1059	USE constants, &
	1060	ONLY: pi
	1061
[2608]	1062	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1063	ONLY: magnus
	1064
	1065
[1871]	1066	USE kinds
	1067
	1068	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1069	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1070
	1071	IMPLICIT NONE
	1072
[2122]	1073	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1074	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1075	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1076	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1077	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1078	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1079	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1080	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1081	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1082	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1083	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1084	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1085
[1890]	1086	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1087
	1088	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1089	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1090	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1091	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1092
	1093	!
[2375]	1094	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1095	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1096	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1097	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1098	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1099	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1100	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1101	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1102	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1103	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1104	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1105	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1106	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1107	ELSE
	1108	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1109	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1110	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1111	ENDIF
	1112	!
[2312]	1113	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1114	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1115	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1116	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1117	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1118	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1119	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1120	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1121	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1122	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1123	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1124	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1125	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1126	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1127	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1128	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1129	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1130	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1131	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1132	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1133	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1134	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1135	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1136	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1137	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1138	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1139	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1140	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1141	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1142	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1143	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1144	CONTINUE
	1145	ELSE
	1146	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1147	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1148	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1149	ENDIF
	1150
	1151	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1152	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1153	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1154
	1155	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1156	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1157	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1158
	1159	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1160	!
	1161	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1162	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1163	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1164	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1165
[2312]	1166	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1167	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1168	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1169
[2312]	1170	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1171	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1172	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1173	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1174	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1175	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1176	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1177	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
[3039]	1178	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
[1871]	1179
[2312]	1180	!
	1181	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1182	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1183	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1184
[2312]	1185	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1186	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1187	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1188	ELSE
	1189	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1190	ENDIF
	1191	!
[2312]	1192	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1193	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1194
[2312]	1195	ENDDO
[1871]	1196	!
	1197	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1198	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1199	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1200	!-- the simulation.
	1201	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1202
[2608]	1203	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1204	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1205
[2122]	1206	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1207	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1208
	1209	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1210	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1211	!
[2312]	1212	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1213	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1214	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1215
[2312]	1216	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1217	!
[2312]	1218	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1219	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1220	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1221	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1222	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1223	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1224	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1225	)
[1871]	1226
[2122]	1227	ENDDO
[1871]	1228
	1229	ENDDO
	1230	ENDDO
	1231	ENDDO
	1232
	1233	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1234
[1359]	1235	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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