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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3039

Last change on this file since 3039 was 3039, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
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File size: 47.3 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel $
[3039]	27	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
	28	!
	29	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	30	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
	31	!
	32	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
[2954]	33	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
	34	!
	35	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
[2801]	36	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	37	!
	38	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	39	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	40	!
[2716]	41	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	42	! Changes from last commit documented
	43	!
[2701]	44	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	45	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	46	!
	47	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	48	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	49	!
	50	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	51	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	52	!
	53	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	54	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	55	!
	56	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	57	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	58	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	59	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	60	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	61	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	62	!
	63	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	64	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	65	!
	66	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	67	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	68	!
	69	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	70	! Get topography top index via Function call
	71	!
	72	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	73	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	74	!
	75	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	76	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	77	!
[2305]	78	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	79	! Changed error messages
[2312]	80	!
[2274]	81	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	82	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	83	!
[2265]	84	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	85	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	86	!
[2263]	87	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	88	!
[2233]	89	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	90	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	91	!
	92	!
[2224]	93	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	94	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	95	!
[2183]	96	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	97	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	98	!
[2123]	99	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	100	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	101	! Calculation of particle ID
	102	!
[2001]	103	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	104	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	105	!
[1930]	106	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	107	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	108	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	109	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	110	! than one grid length.
	111	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	112	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	113	!
[1891]	114	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	115	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	116	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	117	! initialization.
	118	!
[1874]	119	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	120	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	121	!
[1872]	122	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	123	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	124	!
[1851]	125	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	126	! Module renamed
	127	!
[1832]	128	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	129	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	130	!
[1823]	131	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	132	! Unused variables removed.
	133	!
[1784]	134	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	135	! netcdf module added
	136	!
[2312]	137	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	138	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	139	! used.
	140	!
[1692]	141	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	142	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	143	!
[1686]	144	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	145	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	146	!
[1683]	147	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	148	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	149	!
[1576]	150	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	151	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	152	!
[1360]	153	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	154	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	155	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	156	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	157	!
[1329]	158	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	159	! -netcdf_output
	160	!
[1323]	161	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	162	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	163	!
[1321]	164	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	165	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	166	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	167	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	168	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	169	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	170	! all variable declaration statements
	171	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	172	!
[1315]	173	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	174	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	175	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	176	!
[1093]	177	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	178	! unused variables removed
	179	!
[1037]	180	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	181	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	182	!
[850]	183	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	184	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	185	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	186	! advec_particles),
	187	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	188	!
[829]	189	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	190	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	191	!
[826]	192	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	193	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	194	! array particles implemented as pointer
	195	!
[668]	196	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	197	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	198	! of arrays.
	199	!
[1]	200	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	201	! Initial revision
	202	!
	203	!
	204	! Description:
	205	! ------------
[1682]	206	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	207	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	208	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	209	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	210
[2305]	211	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	212
[1320]	213	USE arrays_3d, &
[3039]	214	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
[1320]	215
	216	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	217	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	218	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	219	simulated_time
[1320]	220
	221	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	222	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	223
	224	USE indices, &
[1575]	225	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	226	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	227
	228	USE kinds
	229
	230	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	231	ONLY: init_kernels
	232
[1783]	233	USE netcdf_interface, &
	234	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	235
[1320]	236	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	237	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	238	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	239	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	240	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	241	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	242	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	243	number_concentration, &
[2265]	244	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	245	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	246	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	247	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	248	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	249	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	250	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	251	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	252	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	253	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	254	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	255
[1]	256	USE pegrid
	257
[1320]	258	USE random_function_mod, &
	259	ONLY: random_function
[1]	260
[2232]	261	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	262	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	263
[2801]	264	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	265	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	266
[1359]	267	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	268
[1359]	269	PRIVATE
	270
[1682]	271	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	272	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	273
	274	INTERFACE lpm_init
	275	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	276	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	277
	278	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	279	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	280	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	281
	282	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	283
[1929]	284	CONTAINS
[1359]	285
[1682]	286	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	287	! Description:
	288	! ------------
	289	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	290	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	291	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	292
	293	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	294	ONLY: init_kernels
	295
[2967]	296	USE pmc_interface, &
	297	ONLY: nested_run
	298
[1]	299	IMPLICIT NONE
	300
[1682]	301	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	302	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	303	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	304
[2312]	305	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	306	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	307	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	308	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	309	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	310
[1359]	311
[1]	312	!
[150]	313	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	314	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	315	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	316	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	317	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	318	ENDIF
	319
[1359]	320	!
	321	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	322	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	323	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	324	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	325	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	326	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	327	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	328	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	329	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	330	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	331	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	332	!
[1]	333	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	334	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	335	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	336	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	337	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	338	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	339	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	340	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	341	ENDIF
[2232]	342	!
	343	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	344	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	345	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	346	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	347	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	348	'with particles'
[2232]	349	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	350
[2312]	351	ENDIF
[2232]	352
[1]	353	!
	354	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	355	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	356	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	357	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	358	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	359	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	360	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	361
[1359]	362	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	363	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	364	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	365
[2182]	366	!
	367	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	368	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	369	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	370	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	371	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	372	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	373	!
[2312]	374	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	375	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	376	div = 1000.0_wp
	377	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	378	div = div / 10.0_wp
	379	ENDDO
	380	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	381	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	382	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	383
	384	ENDIF
	385
[1]	386	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	387	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	388	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	389	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	390	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	391	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	392	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	393	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	394	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	395	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	396	ENDDO
	397
	398	!
[2312]	399	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	400	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	401	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	402	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	403	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	404	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	405
[2312]	406	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	407	ENDIF
	408
	409	!
[2312]	410	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	411	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	412	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	413	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	414	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	415	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	416	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	417	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	418
	419	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	420	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	421
	422	!
	423	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	424	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	425	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	426	!-- negligible.
[2232]	427	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	428	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	429	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	430
[1320]	431	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	432	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	433	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	434	#else
	435	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	436	#endif
[1314]	437
	438	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	439	!
	440	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	441	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	442	!
	443	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	444	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	445	!
	446	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	447	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	448	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	449
	450	height_p = height_p + height_int
	451	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	452
	453	ENDDO
	454
	455	ENDIF
	456
	457	!
[1359]	458	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	459	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	460
[1359]	461	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	462	ibc_par_b = 1
	463
	464	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	465	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	466
[1359]	467	CASE DEFAULT
	468	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	469	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	470	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	471
[1359]	472	END SELECT
	473	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	474
[1359]	475	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	476	ibc_par_t = 1
	477
	478	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	479	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	480
	481	CASE ( 'nested' )
	482	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	483
[1359]	484	CASE DEFAULT
	485	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	486	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	487	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	488
[1359]	489	END SELECT
	490	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	491
	492	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	493	ibc_par_lr = 0
	494
	495	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	496	ibc_par_lr = 1
	497
	498	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	499	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	500
	501	CASE ( 'nested' )
	502	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	503
[1359]	504	CASE DEFAULT
	505	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	506	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	507	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	508
[1359]	509	END SELECT
	510	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	511
	512	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	513	ibc_par_ns = 0
	514
	515	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	516	ibc_par_ns = 1
	517
	518	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	519	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	520
	521	CASE ( 'nested' )
	522	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	523
[1359]	524	CASE DEFAULT
	525	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	526	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	527	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	528
[1359]	529	END SELECT
[2263]	530	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	531
[2263]	532	CASE ( 'const' )
	533	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	534
[2263]	535	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	536	i_splitting_mode = 2
	537
	538	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	539	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	540
[2263]	541	CASE DEFAULT
	542	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	543	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	544	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	545
[2263]	546	END SELECT
	547	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	548
[2263]	549	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	550	isf = 1
	551
	552	CASE ( 'log' )
	553	isf = 2
	554
	555	CASE ( 'exp' )
	556	isf = 3
[2312]	557
[2263]	558	CASE DEFAULT
	559	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	560	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	561	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	562
[2263]	563	END SELECT
	564
[2312]	565
[1359]	566	!
[828]	567	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	568	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	569
	570	!
[1]	571	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	572	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	573	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	574	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	575
[849]	576	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	577
	578	ELSE
	579
	580	!
	581	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	582	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	583	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	584	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	585
[1359]	586	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	587
	588	sort_count = 0
[1359]	589	prt_count = 0
[792]	590
[1]	591	!
[2312]	592	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	593	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	594
	595	!
[1]	596	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	597	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	598	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	599	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	600	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	601	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	602	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	603	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	604
[1359]	605	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	606
	607	!
	608	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	609	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	610	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	611	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	612	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	613	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	614	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	615	ENDIF
[1359]	616	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	617	ENDDO
	618
	619	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	620	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	621	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	622	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	623	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	624	ENDIF
	625	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	626	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	627	ENDDO
	628
	629	!
[1359]	630	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	631	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	632	!-- different on the different PEs.
	633	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	634
[1725]	635	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	636	!
	637	!-- User modification of initial particles
	638	CALL user_lpm_init
	639
	640	!
	641	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	642	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	643	CALL check_open( 80 )
	644	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	645	number_of_particles
[1359]	646	CALL close_file( 80 )
	647	ENDIF
	648
	649	ENDIF
	650
[2967]	651	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
[2801]	652
[1359]	653	!
[2312]	654	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	655	!-- first grid cell
	656	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	657	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	658	!
	659	!-- Formats
	660	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	661
	662	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	663
[1682]	664	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	665	! Description:
	666	! ------------
	667	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	668	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	669	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	670
	671	USE arrays_3d, &
	672	ONLY: zw
[1359]	673	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	674	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	675
[2628]	676	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	677	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	678
[1871]	679	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	680	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	681
[1359]	682	IMPLICIT NONE
	683
[1929]	684	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	685	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	686	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	687	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	688	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	689	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	690	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	691	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	692	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	693	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	694	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	695
[1929]	696	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	697
[1929]	698	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	699	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	700
[1929]	701	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	702
[2312]	703	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	704	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	705	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	706	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	707
[1929]	708	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	709
	710	!
	711	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	712	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	713	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	714	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	715	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	716	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	717	ELSE
	718	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	719	ENDIF
	720
[2182]	721	!
	722	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	723	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	724	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	725	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	726	END IF
	727
[1]	728	n = 0
	729	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	730
	731	pos_z = psb(i)
	732
	733	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	734
[2954]	735	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	736
	737
[2223]	738	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	739
[2223]	740	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	741
[2606]	742	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	743	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	744
[2223]	745	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	746
[2223]	747	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	748
[2606]	749	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	750	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	751
	752	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	753
[2305]	754
[2223]	755	n = n + 1
	756	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	757	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	758	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	759	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	760	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	761	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	762	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	763	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	764	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	765	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	766	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	767	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	768	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	769	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	770	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	771	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	772	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	773	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	774	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	775	ELSE
	776	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	777	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	778	ENDIF
[2223]	779	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	780	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	781	tmp_particle%class = 1
	782	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	783	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	784	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	785	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	786	!
[2223]	787	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	788	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	789	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	790	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	791	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	792	kp = kp + 1
	793	ENDDO
	794	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	795	kp = kp - 1
	796	ENDDO
[2232]	797	!
	798	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	799	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	800	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	801
[2223]	802	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	803	!
[2223]	804	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	805	kp = kp + k_surf
	806	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	807	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	808	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	809	!-- of overhanging structures.
	810	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	811	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	812	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	813	CYCLE xloop
	814	ENDIF
[2232]	815	!
[2312]	816	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	817	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	818	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	819	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	820	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	821	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	822	THEN
[1575]	823	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	824	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	825	ENDIF
	826
[2223]	827	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	828
[2223]	829	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	830	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	831	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	832	ENDIF
	833	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	834	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	835	ENDIF
	836	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	837
[1359]	838	ENDIF
[2223]	839	ENDDO
[1929]	840
[2223]	841	ENDIF
[1]	842
[2223]	843	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	844
[2223]	845	ENDDO xloop
[1]	846
[2223]	847	ENDIF
[1]	848
[2223]	849	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	850
[2223]	851	ENDDO
[1]	852
[2223]	853	ENDIF
[1]	854
	855	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	856
	857	ENDDO
	858
	859	ENDDO
	860
[1359]	861	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	862	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	863	DO jp = nys, nyn
	864	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	865	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	866	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	867	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	868	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	869	min_nr_particle )
	870	ELSE
	871	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	872	ENDIF
	873	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	874	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	875	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	876	ENDDO
	877	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	878	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	879	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	880	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	881	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	882	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	883	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	884	ENDIF
	885	ENDIF
	886	ENDIF
	887	ENDDO
	888	ENDDO
	889	ENDDO
	890	ENDIF
[1929]	891
[1359]	892	ENDDO
[1]	893
[2182]	894
	895
[1359]	896	local_start = prt_count+1
	897	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	898
[1]	899	!
[2122]	900	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	901	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	902	DO jp = nys, nyn
	903	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	904	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	905	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	906	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	907
[2312]	908	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	909
[2305]	910	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	911	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	912	!
	913	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	914	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	915	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	916
	917	ENDDO
	918
	919	ENDDO
	920	ENDDO
	921	ENDDO
	922
	923	!
[1871]	924	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	925	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	926	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	927	ENDIF
	928
	929	!
[1929]	930	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	931	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	932	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	933	DO jp = nys, nyn
	934	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	935	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	936	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	937	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	938	!
[2312]	939	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	940	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	941	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	942	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	943	!-- respectively.
[1929]	944	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	945	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	946	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	947	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	948	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	949	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	950	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	951	)
[1359]	952	ENDIF
	953	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	954	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	955	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	956	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	957	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	958	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	959	)
[1359]	960	ENDIF
	961	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	962	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	963	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	964	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	965	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	966	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	967	)
[1359]	968	ENDIF
	969	ENDDO
[1]	970	!
[1929]	971	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	972	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	973	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	974	!
	975	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	976	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	977	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	978	particles => &
	979	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	980	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	981	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	982	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	983	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	984	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	985	k = k + 1
	986	ENDDO
	987	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	988	k = k - 1
	989	ENDDO
[2232]	990	!
	991	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	992	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	993	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	994	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	995	ENDIF
[2232]	996
[1929]	997	ENDDO
[1359]	998	ENDDO
	999	ENDDO
	1000	ENDDO
[1]	1001	!
[1359]	1002	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	1003	CALL lpm_move_particle
	1004	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	1005
[1359]	1006	ENDIF
[1]	1007	!
[2312]	1008	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	1009	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	1010	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	1011	!-- position.
[2606]	1012	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1013
	1014	!
[2265]	1015	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1016	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1017	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1018	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1019	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1020	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1021	ENDDO
[1359]	1022	ENDDO
	1023	ENDDO
[1]	1024	!
[1822]	1025	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1026	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1027	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1028	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1029	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1030	#else
[1359]	1031	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1032	#endif
	1033
[1359]	1034	RETURN
[1]	1035
[1359]	1036	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1037
[1871]	1038	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1039
	1040	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1041	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1042
	1043	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1044	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1045	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1046
	1047	USE constants, &
	1048	ONLY: pi
	1049
[2608]	1050	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1051	ONLY: magnus
	1052
	1053
[1871]	1054	USE kinds
	1055
	1056	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1057	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1058
	1059	IMPLICIT NONE
	1060
[2122]	1061	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1062	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1063	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1064	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1065	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1066	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1067	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1068	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1069	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1070	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1071	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1072	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1073
[1890]	1074	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1075
	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1077	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1078	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1079	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1080
	1081	!
[2375]	1082	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1083	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1084	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1085	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1086	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1087	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1088	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1089	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1090	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1091	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1092	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1093	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1094	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1095	ELSE
	1096	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1097	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1098	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1099	ENDIF
	1100	!
[2312]	1101	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1102	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1103	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1104	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1105	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1106	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1107	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1108	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1109	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1110	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1111	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1112	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1113	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1114	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1115	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1116	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1117	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1118	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1119	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1120	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1121	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1122	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1123	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1124	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1125	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1126	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1127	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1128	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1129	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1130	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1131	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1132	CONTINUE
	1133	ELSE
	1134	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1135	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1136	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1137	ENDIF
	1138
	1139	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1140	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1141	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1142
	1143	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1144	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1145	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1146
	1147	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1148	!
	1149	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1150	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1151	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1152	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1153
[2312]	1154	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1155	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1156	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1157
[2312]	1158	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1159	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1160	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1161	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1162	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1163	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1164	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1165	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
[3039]	1166	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
[1871]	1167
[2312]	1168	!
	1169	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1170	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1171	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1172
[2312]	1173	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1174	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1175	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1176	ELSE
	1177	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1178	ENDIF
	1179	!
[2312]	1180	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1181	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1182
[2312]	1183	ENDDO
[1871]	1184	!
	1185	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1186	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1187	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1188	!-- the simulation.
	1189	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1190
[2608]	1191	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1192	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1193
[2122]	1194	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1195	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1196
	1197	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1198	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1199	!
[2312]	1200	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1201	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1202	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1203
[2312]	1204	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1205	!
[2312]	1206	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1207	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1208	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1209	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1210	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1211	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1212	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1213	)
[1871]	1214
[2122]	1215	ENDDO
[1871]	1216
	1217	ENDDO
	1218	ENDDO
	1219	ENDDO
	1220
	1221	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1222
[1359]	1223	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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