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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3001

Last change on this file since 3001 was 2967, checked in by raasch, 7 years ago
bugfix: missing parallel cpp-directives added
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.2 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z suehring $
[2967]	27	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
	28	!
	29	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
[2954]	30	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
	31	!
	32	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
[2801]	33	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	34	!
	35	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	36	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	37	!
[2716]	38	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	39	! Changes from last commit documented
	40	!
[2701]	41	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	42	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	43	!
	44	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	45	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	46	!
	47	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	48	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	49	!
	50	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	51	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	52	!
	53	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	54	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	55	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	56	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	57	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	58	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	59	!
	60	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	61	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	62	!
	63	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	64	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	65	!
	66	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	67	! Get topography top index via Function call
	68	!
	69	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	70	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	71	!
	72	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	73	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	74	!
[2305]	75	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	76	! Changed error messages
[2312]	77	!
[2274]	78	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	79	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	80	!
[2265]	81	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	82	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	83	!
[2263]	84	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	85	!
[2233]	86	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	87	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	88	!
	89	!
[2224]	90	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	91	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	92	!
[2183]	93	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	94	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	95	!
[2123]	96	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	97	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	98	! Calculation of particle ID
	99	!
[2001]	100	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	101	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	102	!
[1930]	103	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	104	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	105	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	106	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	107	! than one grid length.
	108	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	109	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	110	!
[1891]	111	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	112	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	113	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	114	! initialization.
	115	!
[1874]	116	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	117	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	118	!
[1872]	119	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	120	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	121	!
[1851]	122	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	123	! Module renamed
	124	!
[1832]	125	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	126	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	127	!
[1823]	128	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	129	! Unused variables removed.
	130	!
[1784]	131	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	132	! netcdf module added
	133	!
[2312]	134	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	135	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	136	! used.
	137	!
[1692]	138	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	139	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	140	!
[1686]	141	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	142	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	143	!
[1683]	144	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	145	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	146	!
[1576]	147	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	148	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	149	!
[1360]	150	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	151	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	152	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	153	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	154	!
[1329]	155	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	156	! -netcdf_output
	157	!
[1323]	158	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	159	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	160	!
[1321]	161	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	162	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	163	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	164	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	165	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	166	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	167	! all variable declaration statements
	168	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	169	!
[1315]	170	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	171	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	172	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	173	!
[1093]	174	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	175	! unused variables removed
	176	!
[1037]	177	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	178	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	179	!
[850]	180	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	181	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	182	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	183	! advec_particles),
	184	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	185	!
[829]	186	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	187	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	188	!
[826]	189	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	190	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	191	! array particles implemented as pointer
	192	!
[668]	193	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	194	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	195	! of arrays.
	196	!
[1]	197	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	198	! Initial revision
	199	!
	200	!
	201	! Description:
	202	! ------------
[1682]	203	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	204	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	205	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	206	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	207
[2305]	208	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	209
[1320]	210	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	211	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	212
	213	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	214	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	215	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	216	simulated_time
[1320]	217
	218	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	219	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	220
	221	USE indices, &
[1575]	222	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	223	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	224
	225	USE kinds
	226
	227	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	228	ONLY: init_kernels
	229
[1783]	230	USE netcdf_interface, &
	231	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	232
[1320]	233	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	234	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	235	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	236	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	237	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	238	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	239	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	240	number_concentration, &
[2265]	241	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	242	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	243	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	244	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	245	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	246	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	247	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	248	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	249	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	250	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	251	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	252
[1]	253	USE pegrid
	254
[1320]	255	USE random_function_mod, &
	256	ONLY: random_function
[1]	257
[2232]	258	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	259	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	260
[2801]	261	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	262	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	263
[1359]	264	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	265
[1359]	266	PRIVATE
	267
[1682]	268	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	269	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	270
	271	INTERFACE lpm_init
	272	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	273	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	274
	275	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	276	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	277	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	278
	279	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	280
[1929]	281	CONTAINS
[1359]	282
[1682]	283	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	284	! Description:
	285	! ------------
	286	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	287	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	288	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	289
	290	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	291	ONLY: init_kernels
	292
[2967]	293	USE pmc_interface, &
	294	ONLY: nested_run
	295
[1]	296	IMPLICIT NONE
	297
[1682]	298	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	299	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	300	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	301
[2312]	302	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	303	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	304	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	305	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	306	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	307
[1359]	308
[1]	309	!
[150]	310	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	311	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	312	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	313	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	314	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	315	ENDIF
	316
[1359]	317	!
	318	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	319	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	320	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	321	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	322	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	323	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	324	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	325	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	326	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	327	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	328	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	329	!
[1]	330	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	331	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	332	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	333	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	334	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	335	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	336	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	337	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	338	ENDIF
[2232]	339	!
	340	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	341	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	342	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	343	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	344	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	345	'with particles'
[2232]	346	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	347
[2312]	348	ENDIF
[2232]	349
[1]	350	!
	351	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	352	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	353	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	354	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	355	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	356	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	357	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	358
[1359]	359	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	360	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	361	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	362
[2182]	363	!
	364	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	365	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	366	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	367	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	368	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	369	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	370	!
[2312]	371	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	372	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	373	div = 1000.0_wp
	374	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	375	div = div / 10.0_wp
	376	ENDDO
	377	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	378	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	379	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	380
	381	ENDIF
	382
[1]	383	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	384	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	385	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	386	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	387	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	388	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	389	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	390	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	391	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	392	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	393	ENDDO
	394
	395	!
[2312]	396	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	397	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	398	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	399	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	400	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	401	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	402
[2312]	403	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	404	ENDIF
	405
	406	!
[2312]	407	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	408	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	409	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	410	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	411	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	412	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	413	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	414	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	415
	416	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	417	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	418
	419	!
	420	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	421	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	422	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	423	!-- negligible.
[2232]	424	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	425	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	426	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	427
[1320]	428	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	429	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	430	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	431	#else
	432	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	433	#endif
[1314]	434
	435	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	436	!
	437	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	438	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	439	!
	440	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	441	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	442	!
	443	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	444	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	445	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	446
	447	height_p = height_p + height_int
	448	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	449
	450	ENDDO
	451
	452	ENDIF
	453
	454	!
[1359]	455	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	456	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	457
[1359]	458	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	459	ibc_par_b = 1
	460
	461	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	462	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	463
[1359]	464	CASE DEFAULT
	465	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	466	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	467	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	468
[1359]	469	END SELECT
	470	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	471
[1359]	472	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	473	ibc_par_t = 1
	474
	475	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	476	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	477
	478	CASE ( 'nested' )
	479	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	480
[1359]	481	CASE DEFAULT
	482	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	483	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	484	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	485
[1359]	486	END SELECT
	487	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	488
	489	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	490	ibc_par_lr = 0
	491
	492	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	493	ibc_par_lr = 1
	494
	495	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	496	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	497
	498	CASE ( 'nested' )
	499	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	500
[1359]	501	CASE DEFAULT
	502	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	503	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	504	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	505
[1359]	506	END SELECT
	507	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	508
	509	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	510	ibc_par_ns = 0
	511
	512	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	513	ibc_par_ns = 1
	514
	515	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	516	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	517
	518	CASE ( 'nested' )
	519	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	520
[1359]	521	CASE DEFAULT
	522	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	523	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	524	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	525
[1359]	526	END SELECT
[2263]	527	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	528
[2263]	529	CASE ( 'const' )
	530	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	531
[2263]	532	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	533	i_splitting_mode = 2
	534
	535	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	536	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	537
[2263]	538	CASE DEFAULT
	539	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	540	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	541	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	542
[2263]	543	END SELECT
	544	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	545
[2263]	546	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	547	isf = 1
	548
	549	CASE ( 'log' )
	550	isf = 2
	551
	552	CASE ( 'exp' )
	553	isf = 3
[2312]	554
[2263]	555	CASE DEFAULT
	556	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	557	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	558	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	559
[2263]	560	END SELECT
	561
[2312]	562
[1359]	563	!
[828]	564	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	565	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	566
	567	!
[1]	568	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	569	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	570	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	571	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	572
[849]	573	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	574
	575	ELSE
	576
	577	!
	578	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	579	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	580	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	581	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	582
[1359]	583	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	584
	585	sort_count = 0
[1359]	586	prt_count = 0
[792]	587
[1]	588	!
[2312]	589	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	590	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	591
	592	!
[1]	593	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	594	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	595	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	596	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	597	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	598	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	599	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	600	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	601
[1359]	602	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	603
	604	!
	605	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	606	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	607	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	608	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	609	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	610	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	611	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	612	ENDIF
[1359]	613	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	614	ENDDO
	615
	616	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	617	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	618	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	619	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	620	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	621	ENDIF
	622	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	623	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	624	ENDDO
	625
	626	!
[1359]	627	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	628	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	629	!-- different on the different PEs.
	630	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	631
[1725]	632	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	633	!
	634	!-- User modification of initial particles
	635	CALL user_lpm_init
	636
	637	!
	638	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	639	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	640	CALL check_open( 80 )
	641	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	642	number_of_particles
[1359]	643	CALL close_file( 80 )
	644	ENDIF
	645
	646	ENDIF
	647
[2967]	648	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
[2801]	649
[1359]	650	!
[2312]	651	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	652	!-- first grid cell
	653	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	654	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	655	!
	656	!-- Formats
	657	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	658
	659	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	660
[1682]	661	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	662	! Description:
	663	! ------------
	664	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	665	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	666	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	667
	668	USE arrays_3d, &
	669	ONLY: zw
[1359]	670	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	671	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	672
[2628]	673	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	674	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	675
[1871]	676	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	677	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	678
[1359]	679	IMPLICIT NONE
	680
[1929]	681	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	682	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	683	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	684	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	685	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	686	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	687	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	688	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	689	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	690	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	691	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	692
[1929]	693	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	694
[1929]	695	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	696	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	697
[1929]	698	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	699
[2312]	700	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	701	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	702	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	703	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	704
[1929]	705	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	706
	707	!
	708	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	709	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	710	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	711	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	712	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	713	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	714	ELSE
	715	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	716	ENDIF
	717
[2182]	718	!
	719	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	720	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	721	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	722	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	723	END IF
	724
[1]	725	n = 0
	726	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	727
	728	pos_z = psb(i)
	729
	730	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	731
[2954]	732	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	733
	734
[2223]	735	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	736
[2223]	737	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	738
[2606]	739	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	740	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	741
[2223]	742	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	743
[2223]	744	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	745
[2606]	746	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	747	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	748
	749	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	750
[2305]	751
[2223]	752	n = n + 1
	753	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	754	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	755	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	756	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	757	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	758	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	759	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	760	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	761	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	762	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	763	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	764	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	765	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	766	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	767	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	768	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	769	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	770	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	771	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	772	ELSE
	773	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	774	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	775	ENDIF
[2223]	776	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	777	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	778	tmp_particle%class = 1
	779	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	780	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	781	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	782	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	783	!
[2223]	784	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	785	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	786	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	787	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	788	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	789	kp = kp + 1
	790	ENDDO
	791	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	792	kp = kp - 1
	793	ENDDO
[2232]	794	!
	795	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	796	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	797	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	798
[2223]	799	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	800	!
[2223]	801	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	802	kp = kp + k_surf
	803	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	804	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	805	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	806	!-- of overhanging structures.
	807	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	808	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	809	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	810	CYCLE xloop
	811	ENDIF
[2232]	812	!
[2312]	813	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	814	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	815	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	816	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	817	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	818	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	819	THEN
[1575]	820	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	821	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	822	ENDIF
	823
[2223]	824	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	825
[2223]	826	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	827	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	828	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	829	ENDIF
	830	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	831	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	832	ENDIF
	833	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	834
[1359]	835	ENDIF
[2223]	836	ENDDO
[1929]	837
[2223]	838	ENDIF
[1]	839
[2223]	840	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	841
[2223]	842	ENDDO xloop
[1]	843
[2223]	844	ENDIF
[1]	845
[2223]	846	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	847
[2223]	848	ENDDO
[1]	849
[2223]	850	ENDIF
[1]	851
	852	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	853
	854	ENDDO
	855
	856	ENDDO
	857
[1359]	858	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	859	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	860	DO jp = nys, nyn
	861	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	862	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	863	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	864	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	865	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	866	min_nr_particle )
	867	ELSE
	868	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	869	ENDIF
	870	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	871	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	872	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	873	ENDDO
	874	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	875	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	876	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	877	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	878	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	879	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	880	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	881	ENDIF
	882	ENDIF
	883	ENDIF
	884	ENDDO
	885	ENDDO
	886	ENDDO
	887	ENDIF
[1929]	888
[1359]	889	ENDDO
[1]	890
[2182]	891
	892
[1359]	893	local_start = prt_count+1
	894	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	895
[1]	896	!
[2122]	897	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	898	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	899	DO jp = nys, nyn
	900	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	901	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	902	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	903	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	904
[2312]	905	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	906
[2305]	907	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	908	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	909	!
	910	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	911	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	912	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	913
	914	ENDDO
	915
	916	ENDDO
	917	ENDDO
	918	ENDDO
	919
	920	!
[1871]	921	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	922	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	923	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	924	ENDIF
	925
	926	!
[1929]	927	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	928	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	929	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	930	DO jp = nys, nyn
	931	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	932	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	933	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	934	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	935	!
[2312]	936	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	937	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	938	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	939	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	940	!-- respectively.
[1929]	941	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	942	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	943	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	944	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	945	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	946	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	947	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	948	)
[1359]	949	ENDIF
	950	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	951	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	952	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	953	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	954	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	955	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	956	)
[1359]	957	ENDIF
	958	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	959	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	960	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	961	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	962	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	963	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	964	)
[1359]	965	ENDIF
	966	ENDDO
[1]	967	!
[1929]	968	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	969	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	970	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	971	!
	972	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	973	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	974	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	975	particles => &
	976	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	977	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	978	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	979	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	980	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	981	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	982	k = k + 1
	983	ENDDO
	984	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	985	k = k - 1
	986	ENDDO
[2232]	987	!
	988	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	989	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	990	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	991	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	992	ENDIF
[2232]	993
[1929]	994	ENDDO
[1359]	995	ENDDO
	996	ENDDO
	997	ENDDO
[1]	998	!
[1359]	999	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	1000	CALL lpm_move_particle
	1001	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	1002
[1359]	1003	ENDIF
[1]	1004	!
[2312]	1005	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	1006	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	1007	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	1008	!-- position.
[2606]	1009	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1010
	1011	!
[2265]	1012	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1013	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1014	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1015	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1016	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1017	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1018	ENDDO
[1359]	1019	ENDDO
	1020	ENDDO
[1]	1021	!
[1822]	1022	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1023	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1024	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1025	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1026	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1027	#else
[1359]	1028	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1029	#endif
	1030
[1359]	1031	RETURN
[1]	1032
[1359]	1033	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1034
[1871]	1035	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1036
	1037	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1038	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1039
	1040	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1041	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1042	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1043
	1044	USE constants, &
	1045	ONLY: pi
	1046
[2608]	1047	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1048	ONLY: magnus
	1049
	1050
[1871]	1051	USE kinds
	1052
	1053	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1054	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1055
	1056	IMPLICIT NONE
	1057
[2122]	1058	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1059	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1060	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1061	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1062	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1063	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1064	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1065	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1066	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1067	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1068	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1069	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1070
[1890]	1071	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1072
	1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1074	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1077
	1078	!
[2375]	1079	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1080	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1081	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1082	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1083	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1084	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1085	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1086	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1087	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1088	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1089	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1090	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1091	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1092	ELSE
	1093	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1094	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1095	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1096	ENDIF
	1097	!
[2312]	1098	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1099	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1100	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1101	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1102	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1103	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1104	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1105	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1106	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1107	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1108	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1109	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1110	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1111	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1112	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1113	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1114	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1115	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1116	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1117	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1118	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1119	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1120	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1121	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1122	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1123	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1124	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1125	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1126	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1127	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1128	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1129	CONTINUE
	1130	ELSE
	1131	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1132	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1133	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1134	ENDIF
	1135
	1136	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1137	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1138	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1139
	1140	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1141	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1142	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1143
	1144	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1145	!
	1146	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1147	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1148	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1149	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1150
[2312]	1151	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1152	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1153	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1154
[2312]	1155	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1156	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1157	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1158	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1159	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1160	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1161	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1162	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1163	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1164
[2312]	1165	!
	1166	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1167	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1168	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1169
[2312]	1170	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1171	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1172	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1173	ELSE
	1174	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1175	ENDIF
	1176	!
[2312]	1177	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1178	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1179
[2312]	1180	ENDDO
[1871]	1181	!
	1182	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1183	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1184	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1185	!-- the simulation.
	1186	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1187
[2608]	1188	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1189	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1190
[2122]	1191	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1192	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1193
	1194	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1195	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1196	!
[2312]	1197	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1198	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1199	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1200
[2312]	1201	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1202	!
[2312]	1203	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1204	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1205	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1206	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1207	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1208	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1209	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1210	)
[1871]	1211
[2122]	1212	ENDDO
[1871]	1213
	1214	ENDDO
	1215	ENDDO
	1216	ENDDO
	1217
	1218	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1219
[1359]	1220	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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