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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2965

Last change on this file since 2965 was 2954, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.0 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z scharf $
[2954]	27	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
	28	!
	29	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
[2801]	30	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	31	!
	32	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	33	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	34	!
[2716]	35	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	36	! Changes from last commit documented
	37	!
[2701]	38	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	39	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	40	!
	41	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	42	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	43	!
	44	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	45	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	46	!
	47	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	48	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	49	!
	50	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	51	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	52	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	53	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	54	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	55	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	56	!
	57	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	58	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	59	!
	60	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	61	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	62	!
	63	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	64	! Get topography top index via Function call
	65	!
	66	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	67	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	68	!
	69	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	70	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	71	!
[2305]	72	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	73	! Changed error messages
[2312]	74	!
[2274]	75	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	76	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	77	!
[2265]	78	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	79	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	80	!
[2263]	81	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	82	!
[2233]	83	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	84	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	85	!
	86	!
[2224]	87	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	88	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	89	!
[2183]	90	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	91	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	92	!
[2123]	93	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	94	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	95	! Calculation of particle ID
	96	!
[2001]	97	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	98	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	99	!
[1930]	100	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	101	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	102	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	103	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	104	! than one grid length.
	105	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	106	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	107	!
[1891]	108	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	109	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	110	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	111	! initialization.
	112	!
[1874]	113	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	114	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	115	!
[1872]	116	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	117	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	118	!
[1851]	119	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	120	! Module renamed
	121	!
[1832]	122	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	123	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	124	!
[1823]	125	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	126	! Unused variables removed.
	127	!
[1784]	128	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	129	! netcdf module added
	130	!
[2312]	131	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	132	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	133	! used.
	134	!
[1692]	135	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	136	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	137	!
[1686]	138	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	139	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	140	!
[1683]	141	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	142	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	143	!
[1576]	144	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	145	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	146	!
[1360]	147	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	148	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	149	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	150	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	151	!
[1329]	152	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	153	! -netcdf_output
	154	!
[1323]	155	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	156	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	157	!
[1321]	158	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	159	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	160	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	161	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	162	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	163	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	164	! all variable declaration statements
	165	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	166	!
[1315]	167	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	168	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	169	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	170	!
[1093]	171	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	172	! unused variables removed
	173	!
[1037]	174	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	175	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	176	!
[850]	177	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	178	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	179	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	180	! advec_particles),
	181	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	182	!
[829]	183	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	184	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	185	!
[826]	186	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	187	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	188	! array particles implemented as pointer
	189	!
[668]	190	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	191	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	192	! of arrays.
	193	!
[1]	194	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	195	! Initial revision
	196	!
	197	!
	198	! Description:
	199	! ------------
[1682]	200	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	201	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	202	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	203	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	204
[2305]	205	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	206
[1320]	207	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	208	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	209
	210	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	211	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	212	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	213	simulated_time
[1320]	214
	215	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	216	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	217
	218	USE indices, &
[1575]	219	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	220	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	221
	222	USE kinds
	223
	224	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	225	ONLY: init_kernels
	226
[1783]	227	USE netcdf_interface, &
	228	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	229
[1320]	230	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	231	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	232	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	233	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	234	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	235	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	236	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	237	number_concentration, &
[2265]	238	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	239	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	240	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	241	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	242	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	243	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	244	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	245	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	246	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	247	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	248	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	249
[1]	250	USE pegrid
	251
[1320]	252	USE random_function_mod, &
	253	ONLY: random_function
[1]	254
[2232]	255	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	256	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	257
[2801]	258	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	259	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	260
[1359]	261	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	262
[1359]	263	PRIVATE
	264
[1682]	265	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	266	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	267
	268	INTERFACE lpm_init
	269	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	270	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	271
	272	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	273	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	274	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	275
	276	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	277
[1929]	278	CONTAINS
[1359]	279
[1682]	280	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	281	! Description:
	282	! ------------
	283	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	284	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	285	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	286
	287	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	288	ONLY: init_kernels
	289
[1]	290	IMPLICIT NONE
	291
[1682]	292	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	293	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	294	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	295
[2312]	296	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	297	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	298	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	299	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	300	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	301
[1359]	302
[1]	303	!
[150]	304	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	305	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	306	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	307	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	308	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	309	ENDIF
	310
[1359]	311	!
	312	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	313	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	314	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	315	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	316	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	317	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	318	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	319	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	320	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	321	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	322	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	323	!
[1]	324	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	325	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	326	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	327	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	328	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	329	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	330	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	331	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	332	ENDIF
[2232]	333	!
	334	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	335	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	336	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	337	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	338	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	339	'with particles'
[2232]	340	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	341
[2312]	342	ENDIF
[2232]	343
[1]	344	!
	345	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	346	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	347	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	348	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	349	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	350	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	351	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	352
[1359]	353	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	354	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	355	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	356
[2182]	357	!
	358	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	359	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	360	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	361	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	362	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	363	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	364	!
[2312]	365	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	366	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	367	div = 1000.0_wp
	368	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	369	div = div / 10.0_wp
	370	ENDDO
	371	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	372	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	373	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	374
	375	ENDIF
	376
[1]	377	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	378	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	379	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	380	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	381	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	382	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	383	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	384	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	385	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	386	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	387	ENDDO
	388
	389	!
[2312]	390	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	391	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	392	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	393	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	394	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	395	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	396
[2312]	397	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	398	ENDIF
	399
	400	!
[2312]	401	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	402	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	403	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	404	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	405	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	406	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	407	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	408	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	409
	410	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	411	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	412
	413	!
	414	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	415	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	416	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	417	!-- negligible.
[2232]	418	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	419	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	420	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	421
[1320]	422	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	423	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	424	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	425	#else
	426	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	427	#endif
[1314]	428
	429	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	430	!
	431	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	432	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	433	!
	434	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	435	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	436	!
	437	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	438	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	439	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	440
	441	height_p = height_p + height_int
	442	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	443
	444	ENDDO
	445
	446	ENDIF
	447
	448	!
[1359]	449	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	450	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	451
[1359]	452	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	453	ibc_par_b = 1
	454
	455	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	456	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	457
[1359]	458	CASE DEFAULT
	459	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	460	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	461	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	462
[1359]	463	END SELECT
	464	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	465
[1359]	466	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	467	ibc_par_t = 1
	468
	469	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	470	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	471
	472	CASE ( 'nested' )
	473	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	474
[1359]	475	CASE DEFAULT
	476	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	477	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	478	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	479
[1359]	480	END SELECT
	481	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	482
	483	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	484	ibc_par_lr = 0
	485
	486	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	487	ibc_par_lr = 1
	488
	489	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	490	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	491
	492	CASE ( 'nested' )
	493	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	494
[1359]	495	CASE DEFAULT
	496	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	497	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	498	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	499
[1359]	500	END SELECT
	501	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	502
	503	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	504	ibc_par_ns = 0
	505
	506	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	507	ibc_par_ns = 1
	508
	509	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	510	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	511
	512	CASE ( 'nested' )
	513	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	514
[1359]	515	CASE DEFAULT
	516	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	517	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	518	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	519
[1359]	520	END SELECT
[2263]	521	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	522
[2263]	523	CASE ( 'const' )
	524	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	525
[2263]	526	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	527	i_splitting_mode = 2
	528
	529	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	530	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	531
[2263]	532	CASE DEFAULT
	533	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	534	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	535	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	536
[2263]	537	END SELECT
	538	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	539
[2263]	540	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	541	isf = 1
	542
	543	CASE ( 'log' )
	544	isf = 2
	545
	546	CASE ( 'exp' )
	547	isf = 3
[2312]	548
[2263]	549	CASE DEFAULT
	550	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	551	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	552	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	553
[2263]	554	END SELECT
	555
[2312]	556
[1359]	557	!
[828]	558	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	559	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	560
	561	!
[1]	562	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	563	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	564	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	565	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	566
[849]	567	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	568
	569	ELSE
	570
	571	!
	572	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	573	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	574	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	575	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	576
[1359]	577	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	578
	579	sort_count = 0
[1359]	580	prt_count = 0
[792]	581
[1]	582	!
[2312]	583	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	584	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	585
	586	!
[1]	587	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	588	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	589	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	590	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	591	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	592	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	593	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	594	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	595
[1359]	596	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	597
	598	!
	599	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	600	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	601	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	602	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	603	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	604	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	605	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	606	ENDIF
[1359]	607	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	608	ENDDO
	609
	610	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	611	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	612	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	613	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	614	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	615	ENDIF
	616	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	617	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	618	ENDDO
	619
	620	!
[1359]	621	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	622	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	623	!-- different on the different PEs.
	624	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	625
[1725]	626	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	627	!
	628	!-- User modification of initial particles
	629	CALL user_lpm_init
	630
	631	!
	632	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	633	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	634	CALL check_open( 80 )
	635	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	636	number_of_particles
[1359]	637	CALL close_file( 80 )
	638	ENDIF
	639
	640	ENDIF
	641
[2801]	642	CALL pmcp_g_init
	643
[1359]	644	!
[2312]	645	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	646	!-- first grid cell
	647	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	648	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	649	!
	650	!-- Formats
	651	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	652
	653	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	654
[1682]	655	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	656	! Description:
	657	! ------------
	658	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	660	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	661
	662	USE arrays_3d, &
	663	ONLY: zw
[1359]	664	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	665	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	666
[2628]	667	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	668	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	669
[1871]	670	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	671	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	672
[1359]	673	IMPLICIT NONE
	674
[1929]	675	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	676	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	677	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	678	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	679	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	680	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	681	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	682	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	683	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	684	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	685	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	686
[1929]	687	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	688
[1929]	689	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	690	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	691
[1929]	692	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	693
[2312]	694	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	695	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	696	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	697	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	698
[1929]	699	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	700
	701	!
	702	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	703	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	704	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	705	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	706	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	707	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	708	ELSE
	709	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	710	ENDIF
	711
[2182]	712	!
	713	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	714	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	715	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	716	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	717	END IF
	718
[1]	719	n = 0
	720	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	721
	722	pos_z = psb(i)
	723
	724	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	725
[2954]	726	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	727
	728
[2223]	729	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	730
[2223]	731	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	732
[2606]	733	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	734	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	735
[2223]	736	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	737
[2223]	738	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	739
[2606]	740	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	741	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	742
	743	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	744
[2305]	745
[2223]	746	n = n + 1
	747	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	748	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	749	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	750	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	751	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	752	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	753	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	754	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	755	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	756	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	757	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	758	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	759	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	760	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	761	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	762	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	763	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	764	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	765	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	766	ELSE
	767	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	768	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	769	ENDIF
[2223]	770	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	771	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	772	tmp_particle%class = 1
	773	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	774	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	775	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	776	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	777	!
[2223]	778	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	779	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	780	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	781	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	782	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	783	kp = kp + 1
	784	ENDDO
	785	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	786	kp = kp - 1
	787	ENDDO
[2232]	788	!
	789	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	790	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	791	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	792
[2223]	793	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	794	!
[2223]	795	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	796	kp = kp + k_surf
	797	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	798	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	799	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	800	!-- of overhanging structures.
	801	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	802	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	803	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	804	CYCLE xloop
	805	ENDIF
[2232]	806	!
[2312]	807	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	808	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	809	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	810	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	811	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	812	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	813	THEN
[1575]	814	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	815	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	816	ENDIF
	817
[2223]	818	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	819
[2223]	820	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	821	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	822	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	823	ENDIF
	824	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	825	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	826	ENDIF
	827	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	828
[1359]	829	ENDIF
[2223]	830	ENDDO
[1929]	831
[2223]	832	ENDIF
[1]	833
[2223]	834	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	835
[2223]	836	ENDDO xloop
[1]	837
[2223]	838	ENDIF
[1]	839
[2223]	840	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	841
[2223]	842	ENDDO
[1]	843
[2223]	844	ENDIF
[1]	845
	846	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	847
	848	ENDDO
	849
	850	ENDDO
	851
[1359]	852	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	853	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	854	DO jp = nys, nyn
	855	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	856	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	857	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	858	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	859	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	860	min_nr_particle )
	861	ELSE
	862	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	863	ENDIF
	864	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	865	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	866	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	867	ENDDO
	868	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	869	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	870	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	871	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	872	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	873	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	874	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	875	ENDIF
	876	ENDIF
	877	ENDIF
	878	ENDDO
	879	ENDDO
	880	ENDDO
	881	ENDIF
[1929]	882
[1359]	883	ENDDO
[1]	884
[2182]	885
	886
[1359]	887	local_start = prt_count+1
	888	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	889
[1]	890	!
[2122]	891	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	892	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	893	DO jp = nys, nyn
	894	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	895	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	896	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	897	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	898
[2312]	899	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	900
[2305]	901	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	902	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	903	!
	904	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	905	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	906	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	907
	908	ENDDO
	909
	910	ENDDO
	911	ENDDO
	912	ENDDO
	913
	914	!
[1871]	915	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	916	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	917	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	918	ENDIF
	919
	920	!
[1929]	921	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	922	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	923	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	924	DO jp = nys, nyn
	925	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	926	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	927	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	928	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	929	!
[2312]	930	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	931	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	932	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	933	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	934	!-- respectively.
[1929]	935	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	936	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	937	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	938	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	939	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	940	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	941	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	942	)
[1359]	943	ENDIF
	944	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	945	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	946	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	947	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	948	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	949	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	950	)
[1359]	951	ENDIF
	952	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	953	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	954	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	955	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	956	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	957	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	958	)
[1359]	959	ENDIF
	960	ENDDO
[1]	961	!
[1929]	962	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	963	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	964	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	965	!
	966	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	967	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	968	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	969	particles => &
	970	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	971	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	972	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	973	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	974	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	975	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	976	k = k + 1
	977	ENDDO
	978	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	979	k = k - 1
	980	ENDDO
[2232]	981	!
	982	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	983	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	984	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	985	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	986	ENDIF
[2232]	987
[1929]	988	ENDDO
[1359]	989	ENDDO
	990	ENDDO
	991	ENDDO
[1]	992	!
[1359]	993	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	994	CALL lpm_move_particle
	995	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	996
[1359]	997	ENDIF
[1]	998	!
[2312]	999	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	1000	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	1001	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	1002	!-- position.
[2606]	1003	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1004
	1005	!
[2265]	1006	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1007	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1008	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1009	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1010	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1011	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1012	ENDDO
[1359]	1013	ENDDO
	1014	ENDDO
[1]	1015	!
[1822]	1016	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1017	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1018	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1019	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1020	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1021	#else
[1359]	1022	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1023	#endif
	1024
[1359]	1025	RETURN
[1]	1026
[1359]	1027	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1028
[1871]	1029	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1030
	1031	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1032	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1033
	1034	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1035	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1036	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1037
	1038	USE constants, &
	1039	ONLY: pi
	1040
[2608]	1041	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1042	ONLY: magnus
	1043
	1044
[1871]	1045	USE kinds
	1046
	1047	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1048	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1049
	1050	IMPLICIT NONE
	1051
[2122]	1052	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1053	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1054	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1055	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1056	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1057	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1058	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1059	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1060	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1061	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1062	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1063	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1064
[1890]	1065	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1066
	1067	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1068	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1069	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1070	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1071
	1072	!
[2375]	1073	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1074	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1075	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1076	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1077	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1078	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1079	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1080	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1081	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1082	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1083	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1084	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1085	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1086	ELSE
	1087	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1088	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1089	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1090	ENDIF
	1091	!
[2312]	1092	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1093	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1094	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1095	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1096	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1097	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1098	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1099	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1100	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1101	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1102	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1103	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1104	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1105	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1106	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1107	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1108	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1109	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1110	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1111	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1112	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1113	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1114	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1115	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1116	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1117	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1118	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1119	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1120	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1121	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1122	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1123	CONTINUE
	1124	ELSE
	1125	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1126	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1127	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1128	ENDIF
	1129
	1130	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1131	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1132	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1133
	1134	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1135	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1136	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1137
	1138	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1139	!
	1140	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1141	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1142	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1143	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1144
[2312]	1145	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1146	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1147	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1148
[2312]	1149	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1150	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1151	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1152	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1153	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1154	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1155	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1156	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1157	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1158
[2312]	1159	!
	1160	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1161	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1162	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1163
[2312]	1164	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1165	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1166	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1167	ELSE
	1168	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1169	ENDIF
	1170	!
[2312]	1171	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1172	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1173
[2312]	1174	ENDDO
[1871]	1175	!
	1176	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1177	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1178	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1179	!-- the simulation.
	1180	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1181
[2608]	1182	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1183	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1184
[2122]	1185	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1186	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1187
	1188	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1189	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1190	!
[2312]	1191	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1192	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1193	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1194
[2312]	1195	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1196	!
[2312]	1197	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1198	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1199	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1200	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1201	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1202	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1203	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1204	)
[1871]	1205
[2122]	1206	ENDDO
[1871]	1207
	1208	ENDDO
	1209	ENDDO
	1210	ENDDO
	1211
	1212	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1213
[1359]	1214	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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