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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2769

Last change on this file since 2769 was 2718, checked in by maronga, 7 years ago
deleting of deprecated files; headers updated where needed
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 46.5 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z raasch $
[2716]	27	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	28	!
[2716]	29	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	30	! Changes from last commit documented
	31	!
[2701]	32	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	33	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	34	!
	35	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	36	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	37	!
	38	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	39	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	40	!
	41	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	42	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	43	!
	44	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	45	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	46	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	47	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	48	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	49	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	50	!
	51	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	52	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	53	!
	54	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	55	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	56	!
	57	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	58	! Get topography top index via Function call
	59	!
	60	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	61	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	62	!
	63	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	64	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	65	!
[2305]	66	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	67	! Changed error messages
[2312]	68	!
[2274]	69	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	70	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	71	!
[2265]	72	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	73	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	74	!
[2263]	75	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	76	!
[2233]	77	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	78	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	79	!
	80	!
[2224]	81	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	82	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	83	!
[2183]	84	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	85	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	86	!
[2123]	87	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	88	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	89	! Calculation of particle ID
	90	!
[2001]	91	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	92	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	93	!
[1930]	94	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	95	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	96	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	97	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	98	! than one grid length.
	99	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	100	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	101	!
[1891]	102	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	103	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	104	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	105	! initialization.
	106	!
[1874]	107	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	108	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	109	!
[1872]	110	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	111	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	112	!
[1851]	113	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	114	! Module renamed
	115	!
[1832]	116	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	117	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	118	!
[1823]	119	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	120	! Unused variables removed.
	121	!
[1784]	122	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	123	! netcdf module added
	124	!
[2312]	125	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	126	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	127	! used.
	128	!
[1692]	129	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	130	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	131	!
[1686]	132	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	133	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	134	!
[1683]	135	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	136	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	137	!
[1576]	138	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	139	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	140	!
[1360]	141	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	142	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	143	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	144	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	145	!
[1329]	146	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	147	! -netcdf_output
	148	!
[1323]	149	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	150	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	151	!
[1321]	152	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	153	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	154	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	155	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	156	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	157	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	158	! all variable declaration statements
	159	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	160	!
[1315]	161	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	162	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	163	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	164	!
[1093]	165	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	166	! unused variables removed
	167	!
[1037]	168	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	169	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	170	!
[850]	171	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	172	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	173	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	174	! advec_particles),
	175	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	176	!
[829]	177	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	178	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	179	!
[826]	180	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	181	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	182	! array particles implemented as pointer
	183	!
[668]	184	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	185	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	186	! of arrays.
	187	!
[1]	188	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	189	! Initial revision
	190	!
	191	!
	192	! Description:
	193	! ------------
[1682]	194	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	195	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	196	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	197	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	198
[2305]	199	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	200
[1320]	201	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	202	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	203
	204	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	205	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	206	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	207	simulated_time
[1320]	208
	209	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	210	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	211
	212	USE indices, &
[1575]	213	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	214	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	215
	216	USE kinds
	217
	218	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	219	ONLY: init_kernels
	220
[1783]	221	USE netcdf_interface, &
	222	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	223
[1320]	224	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	225	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	226	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	227	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	228	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	229	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	230	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	231	number_concentration, &
[2265]	232	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	233	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	234	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	235	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	236	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	237	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	238	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	239	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	240	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	241	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	242	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	243
[1]	244	USE pegrid
	245
[1320]	246	USE random_function_mod, &
	247	ONLY: random_function
[1]	248
[2232]	249	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	250	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	251
[1359]	252	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	253
[1359]	254	PRIVATE
	255
[1682]	256	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	257	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	258
	259	INTERFACE lpm_init
	260	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	261	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	262
	263	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	264	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	265	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	266
	267	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	268
[1929]	269	CONTAINS
[1359]	270
[1682]	271	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	272	! Description:
	273	! ------------
	274	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	275	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	276	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	277
	278	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	279	ONLY: init_kernels
	280
[1]	281	IMPLICIT NONE
	282
[1682]	283	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	284	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	285	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	286
[2312]	287	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	288	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	289	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	290	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	291	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	292
[1359]	293
[1]	294	!
[150]	295	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	296	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	297	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	298	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	299	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	300	ENDIF
	301
[1359]	302	!
	303	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	304	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	305	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	306	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	307	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	308	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	309	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	310	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	311	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	312	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	313	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	314	!
[1]	315	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	316	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	317	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	318	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	319	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	320	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	321	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	322	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	323	ENDIF
[2232]	324	!
	325	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	326	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	327	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	328	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	329	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	330	'with particles'
[2232]	331	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	332
[2312]	333	ENDIF
[2232]	334
[1]	335	!
	336	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	337	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	338	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	339	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	340	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	341	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	342	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	343
[1359]	344	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	345	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	346	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	347
[2182]	348	!
	349	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	350	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	351	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	352	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	353	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	354	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	355	!
[2312]	356	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	357	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	358	div = 1000.0_wp
	359	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	360	div = div / 10.0_wp
	361	ENDDO
	362	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	363	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	364	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	365
	366	ENDIF
	367
[1]	368	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	369	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	370	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	371	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	372	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	373	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	374	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	375	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	376	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	377	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	378	ENDDO
	379
	380	!
[2312]	381	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	382	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	383	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	384	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	385	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	386	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	387
[2312]	388	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	389	ENDIF
	390
	391	!
[2312]	392	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	393	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	394	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	395	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	396	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	397	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	398	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	399	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	400
	401	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	402	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	403
	404	!
	405	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	406	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	407	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	408	!-- negligible.
[2232]	409	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	410	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	411	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	412
[1320]	413	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	414	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	415	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	416	#else
	417	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	418	#endif
[1314]	419
	420	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	421	!
	422	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	423	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	424	!
	425	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	426	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	427	!
	428	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	429	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	430	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	431
	432	height_p = height_p + height_int
	433	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	434
	435	ENDDO
	436
	437	ENDIF
	438
	439	!
[1359]	440	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	441	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	442
[1359]	443	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	444	ibc_par_b = 1
	445
	446	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	447	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	448
[1359]	449	CASE DEFAULT
	450	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	451	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	452	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	453
[1359]	454	END SELECT
	455	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	456
[1359]	457	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	458	ibc_par_t = 1
	459
	460	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	461	ibc_par_t = 2
[2312]	462
[1359]	463	CASE DEFAULT
	464	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	465	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	466	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	467
[1359]	468	END SELECT
	469	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	470
	471	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	472	ibc_par_lr = 0
	473
	474	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	475	ibc_par_lr = 1
	476
	477	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	478	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2312]	479
[1359]	480	CASE DEFAULT
	481	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	482	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	483	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	484
[1359]	485	END SELECT
	486	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	487
	488	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	489	ibc_par_ns = 0
	490
	491	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	492	ibc_par_ns = 1
	493
	494	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	495	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2312]	496
[1359]	497	CASE DEFAULT
	498	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	499	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	500	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	501
[1359]	502	END SELECT
[2263]	503	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	504
[2263]	505	CASE ( 'const' )
	506	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	507
[2263]	508	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	509	i_splitting_mode = 2
	510
	511	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	512	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	513
[2263]	514	CASE DEFAULT
	515	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	516	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	517	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	518
[2263]	519	END SELECT
	520	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	521
[2263]	522	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	523	isf = 1
	524
	525	CASE ( 'log' )
	526	isf = 2
	527
	528	CASE ( 'exp' )
	529	isf = 3
[2312]	530
[2263]	531	CASE DEFAULT
	532	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	533	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	534	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	535
[2263]	536	END SELECT
	537
[2312]	538
[1359]	539	!
[828]	540	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	541	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	542
	543	!
[1]	544	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	545	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	546	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	547	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	548
[849]	549	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	550
	551	ELSE
	552
	553	!
	554	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	555	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	556	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	557	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	558
[1359]	559	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	560
	561	sort_count = 0
[1359]	562	prt_count = 0
[792]	563
[1]	564	!
[2312]	565	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	566	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	567
	568	!
[1]	569	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	570	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	571	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	572	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	573	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	574	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	575	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	576	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	577
[1359]	578	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	579
	580	!
	581	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	582	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	583	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	584	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	585	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	586	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	587	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	588	ENDIF
[1359]	589	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	590	ENDDO
	591
	592	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	593	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	594	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	595	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	596	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	597	ENDIF
	598	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	599	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	600	ENDDO
	601
	602	!
[1359]	603	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	604	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	605	!-- different on the different PEs.
	606	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	607
[1725]	608	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	609	!
	610	!-- User modification of initial particles
	611	CALL user_lpm_init
	612
	613	!
	614	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	615	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	616	CALL check_open( 80 )
	617	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	618	number_of_particles
[1359]	619	CALL close_file( 80 )
	620	ENDIF
	621
	622	ENDIF
	623
	624	!
[2312]	625	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	626	!-- first grid cell
	627	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	628	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	629	!
	630	!-- Formats
	631	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	632
	633	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	634
[1682]	635	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	636	! Description:
	637	! ------------
	638	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	639	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	640	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	641
	642	USE arrays_3d, &
	643	ONLY: zw
[1359]	644	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	645	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	646
[2628]	647	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	648	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	649
[1871]	650	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	651	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	652
[1359]	653	IMPLICIT NONE
	654
[1929]	655	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	656	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	657	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	658	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	659	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	660	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	661	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	662	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	663	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	664	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	665	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	666
[1929]	667	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	668
[1929]	669	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	670	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	671
[1929]	672	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	673
[2312]	674	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	675	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	676	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	677	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	678
[1929]	679	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	680
	681	!
	682	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	683	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	684	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	685	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	686	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	687	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	688	ELSE
	689	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	690	ENDIF
	691
[2182]	692	!
	693	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	694	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	695	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	696	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	697	END IF
	698
[1]	699	n = 0
	700	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	701
	702	pos_z = psb(i)
	703
	704	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	705
[2223]	706	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	707
	708
[2223]	709	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	710
[2223]	711	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	712
[2606]	713	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	714	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	715
[2223]	716	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	717
[2223]	718	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	719
[2606]	720	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	721	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	722
	723	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	724
[2305]	725
[2223]	726	n = n + 1
	727	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	728	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	729	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	730	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	731	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	732	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	733	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	734	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	735	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	736	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	737	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	738	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	739	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	740	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	741	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	742	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	743	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	744	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	745	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	746	ELSE
	747	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	748	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	749	ENDIF
[2223]	750	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	751	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	752	tmp_particle%class = 1
	753	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	754	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	755	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	756	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	757	!
[2223]	758	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	759	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	760	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	761	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	762	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	763	kp = kp + 1
	764	ENDDO
	765	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	766	kp = kp - 1
	767	ENDDO
[2232]	768	!
	769	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	770	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	771	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	772
[2223]	773	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	774	!
[2223]	775	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	776	kp = kp + k_surf
	777	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	778	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	779	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	780	!-- of overhanging structures.
	781	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	782	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	783	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	784	CYCLE xloop
	785	ENDIF
[2232]	786	!
[2312]	787	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	788	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	789	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	790	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	791	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	792	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	793	THEN
[1575]	794	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	795	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	796	ENDIF
	797
[2223]	798	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	799
[2223]	800	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	801	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	802	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	803	ENDIF
	804	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	805	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	806	ENDIF
	807	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	808
[1359]	809	ENDIF
[2223]	810	ENDDO
[1929]	811
[2223]	812	ENDIF
[1]	813
[2223]	814	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	815
[2223]	816	ENDDO xloop
[1]	817
[2223]	818	ENDIF
[1]	819
[2223]	820	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	821
[2223]	822	ENDDO
[1]	823
[2223]	824	ENDIF
[1]	825
	826	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	827
	828	ENDDO
	829
	830	ENDDO
	831
[1359]	832	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	833	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	834	DO jp = nys, nyn
	835	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	836	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	837	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	838	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	839	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	840	min_nr_particle )
	841	ELSE
	842	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	843	ENDIF
	844	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	845	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	846	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	847	ENDDO
	848	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	849	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	850	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	851	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	852	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	853	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	854	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	855	ENDIF
	856	ENDIF
	857	ENDIF
	858	ENDDO
	859	ENDDO
	860	ENDDO
	861	ENDIF
[1929]	862
[1359]	863	ENDDO
[1]	864
[2182]	865
	866
[1359]	867	local_start = prt_count+1
	868	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	869
[1]	870	!
[2122]	871	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	872	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	873	DO jp = nys, nyn
	874	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	875	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	876	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	877	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	878
[2312]	879	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	880
[2305]	881	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	882	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	883	!
	884	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	885	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	886	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	887
	888	ENDDO
	889
	890	ENDDO
	891	ENDDO
	892	ENDDO
	893
	894	!
[1871]	895	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	896	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	897	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	898	ENDIF
	899
	900	!
[1929]	901	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	902	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	903	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	904	DO jp = nys, nyn
	905	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	906	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	907	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	908	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	909	!
[2312]	910	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	911	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	912	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	913	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	914	!-- respectively.
[1929]	915	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	916	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	917	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	918	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	919	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	920	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	921	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	922	)
[1359]	923	ENDIF
	924	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	925	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	926	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	927	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	928	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	929	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	930	)
[1359]	931	ENDIF
	932	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	933	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	934	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	935	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	936	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	937	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	938	)
[1359]	939	ENDIF
	940	ENDDO
[1]	941	!
[1929]	942	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	943	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	944	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	945	!
	946	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	947	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	948	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	949	particles => &
	950	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	951	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	952	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	953	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	954	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	955	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	956	k = k + 1
	957	ENDDO
	958	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	959	k = k - 1
	960	ENDDO
[2232]	961	!
	962	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	963	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	964	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	965	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	966	ENDIF
[2232]	967
[1929]	968	ENDDO
[1359]	969	ENDDO
	970	ENDDO
	971	ENDDO
[1]	972	!
[1359]	973	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	974	CALL lpm_move_particle
	975	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	976
[1359]	977	ENDIF
[1]	978	!
[2312]	979	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	980	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	981	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	982	!-- position.
[2606]	983	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	984
	985	!
[2265]	986	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	987	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	988	DO jp = nys, nyn
	989	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	990	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	991	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	992	ENDDO
[1359]	993	ENDDO
	994	ENDDO
[1]	995	!
[1822]	996	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	997	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	998	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	999	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1000	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1001	#else
[1359]	1002	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1003	#endif
	1004
[1359]	1005	RETURN
[1]	1006
[1359]	1007	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1008
[1871]	1009	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1010
	1011	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1012	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1013
	1014	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1015	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1016	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1017
	1018	USE constants, &
	1019	ONLY: pi
	1020
[2608]	1021	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1022	ONLY: magnus
	1023
	1024
[1871]	1025	USE kinds
	1026
	1027	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1028	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1029
	1030	IMPLICIT NONE
	1031
[2122]	1032	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1033	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1034	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1035	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1036	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1037	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1038	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1039	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1040	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1041	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1042	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1043	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1044
[1890]	1045	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1046
	1047	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1048	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1049	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1051
	1052	!
[2375]	1053	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1054	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1055	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1056	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1057	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1058	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1059	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1060	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1061	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1062	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1063	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1064	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1065	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1066	ELSE
	1067	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1068	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1069	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1070	ENDIF
	1071	!
[2312]	1072	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1073	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1074	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1075	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1076	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1077	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1078	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1079	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1080	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1081	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1082	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1083	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1084	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1085	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1086	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1087	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1088	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1089	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1090	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1091	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1092	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1093	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1094	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1095	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1096	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1097	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1098	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1099	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1100	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1101	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1102	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1103	CONTINUE
	1104	ELSE
	1105	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1106	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1107	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1108	ENDIF
	1109
	1110	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1111	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1112	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1113
	1114	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1115	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1116	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1117
	1118	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1119	!
	1120	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1121	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1122	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1123	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1124
[2312]	1125	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1126	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1127	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1128
[2312]	1129	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1130	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1131	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1132	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1133	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1134	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1135	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1136	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1137	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1138
[2312]	1139	!
	1140	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1141	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1142	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1143
[2312]	1144	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1145	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1146	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1147	ELSE
	1148	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1149	ENDIF
	1150	!
[2312]	1151	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1152	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1153
[2312]	1154	ENDDO
[1871]	1155	!
	1156	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1157	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1158	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1159	!-- the simulation.
	1160	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1161
[2608]	1162	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1163	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1164
[2122]	1165	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1166	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1167
	1168	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1169	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1170	!
[2312]	1171	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1172	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1173	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1174
[2312]	1175	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1176	!
[2312]	1177	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1178	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1179	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1180	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1181	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1182	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1183	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1184	)
[1871]	1185
[2122]	1186	ENDDO
[1871]	1187
	1188	ENDDO
	1189	ENDDO
	1190	ENDDO
	1191
	1192	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1193
[1359]	1194	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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