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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2713

Last change on this file since 2713 was 2701, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z raasch $
[2701]	27	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	28	!
	29	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2628]	30	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	31	!
	32	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	33	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	34	!
	35	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	36	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	37	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	38	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	39	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	40	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	41	!
	42	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	43	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	44	!
	45	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	46	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	47	!
	48	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	49	! Get topography top index via Function call
	50	!
	51	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	52	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	53	!
	54	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	55	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	56	!
[2305]	57	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	58	! Changed error messages
[2312]	59	!
[2274]	60	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	61	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	62	!
[2265]	63	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	64	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	65	!
[2263]	66	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	67	!
[2233]	68	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	69	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	70	!
	71	!
[2224]	72	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	73	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	74	!
[2183]	75	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	76	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	77	!
[2123]	78	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	79	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	80	! Calculation of particle ID
	81	!
[2001]	82	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	83	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	84	!
[1930]	85	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	86	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	87	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	88	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	89	! than one grid length.
	90	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	91	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	92	!
[1891]	93	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	94	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	95	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	96	! initialization.
	97	!
[1874]	98	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	99	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	100	!
[1872]	101	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	102	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	103	!
[1851]	104	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	105	! Module renamed
	106	!
[1832]	107	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	108	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	109	!
[1823]	110	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	111	! Unused variables removed.
	112	!
[1784]	113	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	114	! netcdf module added
	115	!
[2312]	116	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	117	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	118	! used.
	119	!
[1692]	120	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	121	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	122	!
[1686]	123	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	124	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	125	!
[1683]	126	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	127	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	128	!
[1576]	129	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	130	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	131	!
[1360]	132	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	133	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	134	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	135	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	136	!
[1329]	137	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	138	! -netcdf_output
	139	!
[1323]	140	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	141	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	142	!
[1321]	143	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	144	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	145	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	146	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	147	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	148	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	149	! all variable declaration statements
	150	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	151	!
[1315]	152	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	153	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	154	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	155	!
[1093]	156	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	157	! unused variables removed
	158	!
[1037]	159	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	160	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	161	!
[850]	162	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	163	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	164	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	165	! advec_particles),
	166	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	167	!
[829]	168	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	169	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	170	!
[826]	171	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	172	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	173	! array particles implemented as pointer
	174	!
[668]	175	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	176	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	177	! of arrays.
	178	!
[1]	179	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	180	! Initial revision
	181	!
	182	!
	183	! Description:
	184	! ------------
[1682]	185	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	186	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	187	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	188	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	189
[2305]	190	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	191
[1320]	192	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	193	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	194
	195	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	196	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	197	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	198	simulated_time
[1320]	199
	200	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	201	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	202
	203	USE indices, &
[1575]	204	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	205	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	206
	207	USE kinds
	208
	209	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	210	ONLY: init_kernels
	211
[1783]	212	USE netcdf_interface, &
	213	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	214
[1320]	215	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	216	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	217	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	218	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	219	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	220	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	221	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	222	number_concentration, &
[2265]	223	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	224	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	225	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	226	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	227	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	228	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	229	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	230	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	231	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	232	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	233	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	234
[1]	235	USE pegrid
	236
[1320]	237	USE random_function_mod, &
	238	ONLY: random_function
[1]	239
[2232]	240	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	241	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	242
[1359]	243	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	244
[1359]	245	PRIVATE
	246
[1682]	247	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	248	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	249
	250	INTERFACE lpm_init
	251	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	252	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	253
	254	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	255	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	256	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	257
	258	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	259
[1929]	260	CONTAINS
[1359]	261
[1682]	262	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	263	! Description:
	264	! ------------
	265	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	266	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	267	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	268
	269	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	270	ONLY: init_kernels
	271
[1]	272	IMPLICIT NONE
	273
[1682]	274	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	275	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	276	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	277
[2312]	278	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	279	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	280	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	281	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	282	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	283
[1359]	284
[1]	285	!
[150]	286	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	287	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	288	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	289	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	290	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	291	ENDIF
	292
[1359]	293	!
	294	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	295	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	296	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	297	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	298	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	299	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	300	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	301	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	302	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	303	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	304	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	305	!
[1]	306	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	307	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	308	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	309	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	310	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	311	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	312	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	313	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	314	ENDIF
[2232]	315	!
	316	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	317	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	318	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	319	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	320	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	321	'with particles'
[2232]	322	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	323
[2312]	324	ENDIF
[2232]	325
[1]	326	!
	327	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	328	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	329	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	330	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	331	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	332	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	333	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	334
[1359]	335	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	336	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	337	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	338
[2182]	339	!
	340	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	341	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	342	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	343	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	344	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	345	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	346	!
[2312]	347	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	348	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	349	div = 1000.0_wp
	350	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	351	div = div / 10.0_wp
	352	ENDDO
	353	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	354	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	355	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	356
	357	ENDIF
	358
[1]	359	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	360	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	361	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	362	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	363	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	364	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	365	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	366	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	367	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	368	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	369	ENDDO
	370
	371	!
[2312]	372	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	373	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	374	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	375	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	376	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	377	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	378
[2312]	379	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	380	ENDIF
	381
	382	!
[2312]	383	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	384	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	385	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	386	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	387	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	388	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	389	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	390	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	391
	392	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	393	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	394
	395	!
	396	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	397	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	398	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	399	!-- negligible.
[2232]	400	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	401	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	402	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	403
[1320]	404	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	405	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	406	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	407	#else
	408	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	409	#endif
[1314]	410
	411	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	412	!
	413	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	414	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	415	!
	416	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	417	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	418	!
	419	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	420	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	421	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	422
	423	height_p = height_p + height_int
	424	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	425
	426	ENDDO
	427
	428	ENDIF
	429
	430	!
[1359]	431	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	432	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	433
[1359]	434	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	435	ibc_par_b = 1
	436
	437	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	438	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	439
[1359]	440	CASE DEFAULT
	441	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	442	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	443	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	444
[1359]	445	END SELECT
	446	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	447
[1359]	448	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	449	ibc_par_t = 1
	450
	451	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	452	ibc_par_t = 2
[2312]	453
[1359]	454	CASE DEFAULT
	455	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	456	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	457	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	458
[1359]	459	END SELECT
	460	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	461
	462	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	463	ibc_par_lr = 0
	464
	465	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	466	ibc_par_lr = 1
	467
	468	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	469	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2312]	470
[1359]	471	CASE DEFAULT
	472	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	473	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	474	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	475
[1359]	476	END SELECT
	477	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	478
	479	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	480	ibc_par_ns = 0
	481
	482	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	483	ibc_par_ns = 1
	484
	485	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	486	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2312]	487
[1359]	488	CASE DEFAULT
	489	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	490	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	491	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	492
[1359]	493	END SELECT
[2263]	494	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	495
[2263]	496	CASE ( 'const' )
	497	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	498
[2263]	499	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	500	i_splitting_mode = 2
	501
	502	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	503	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	504
[2263]	505	CASE DEFAULT
	506	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	507	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	508	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	509
[2263]	510	END SELECT
	511	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	512
[2263]	513	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	514	isf = 1
	515
	516	CASE ( 'log' )
	517	isf = 2
	518
	519	CASE ( 'exp' )
	520	isf = 3
[2312]	521
[2263]	522	CASE DEFAULT
	523	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	524	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	525	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	526
[2263]	527	END SELECT
	528
[2312]	529
[1359]	530	!
[828]	531	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	532	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	533
	534	!
[1]	535	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	536	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	537	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	538	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	539
[849]	540	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	541
	542	ELSE
	543
	544	!
	545	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	546	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	547	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	548	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	549
[1359]	550	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	551
	552	sort_count = 0
[1359]	553	prt_count = 0
[792]	554
[1]	555	!
[2312]	556	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	557	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	558
	559	!
[1]	560	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	561	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	562	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	563	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	564	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	565	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	566	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	567	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	568
[1359]	569	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	570
	571	!
	572	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	573	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	574	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	575	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	576	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	577	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	578	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	579	ENDIF
[1359]	580	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	581	ENDDO
	582
	583	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	584	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	585	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	586	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	587	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	588	ENDIF
	589	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	590	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	591	ENDDO
	592
	593	!
[1359]	594	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	595	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	596	!-- different on the different PEs.
	597	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	598
[1725]	599	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	600	!
	601	!-- User modification of initial particles
	602	CALL user_lpm_init
	603
	604	!
	605	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	606	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	607	CALL check_open( 80 )
	608	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	609	number_of_particles
[1359]	610	CALL close_file( 80 )
	611	ENDIF
	612
	613	ENDIF
	614
	615	!
[2312]	616	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	617	!-- first grid cell
	618	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	619	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	620	!
	621	!-- Formats
	622	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	623
	624	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	625
[1682]	626	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	627	! Description:
	628	! ------------
	629	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	630	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	631	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	632
	633	USE arrays_3d, &
	634	ONLY: zw
[1359]	635	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	636	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	637
[2628]	638	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	639	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	640
[1871]	641	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	642	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	643
[1359]	644	IMPLICIT NONE
	645
[1929]	646	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	647	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	648	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	649	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	650	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	651	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	652	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	653	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	654	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	655	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	656	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	657
[1929]	658	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	659
[1929]	660	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	661	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	662
[1929]	663	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	664
[2312]	665	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	666	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	667	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	668	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	669
[1929]	670	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	671
	672	!
	673	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	674	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	675	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	676	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	677	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	678	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	679	ELSE
	680	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	681	ENDIF
	682
[2182]	683	!
	684	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	685	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	686	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	687	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	688	END IF
	689
[1]	690	n = 0
	691	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	692
	693	pos_z = psb(i)
	694
	695	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	696
[2223]	697	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	698
	699
[2223]	700	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	701
[2223]	702	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	703
[2606]	704	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	705	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	706
[2223]	707	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	708
[2223]	709	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	710
[2606]	711	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	712	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	713
	714	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	715
[2305]	716
[2223]	717	n = n + 1
	718	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	719	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	720	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	721	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	722	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	723	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	724	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	725	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	726	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	727	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	728	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	729	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	730	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	731	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	732	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	733	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	734	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	735	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	736	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	737	ELSE
	738	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	739	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	740	ENDIF
[2223]	741	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	742	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	743	tmp_particle%class = 1
	744	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	745	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	746	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	747	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	748	!
[2223]	749	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	750	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	751	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	752	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	753	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	754	kp = kp + 1
	755	ENDDO
	756	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	757	kp = kp - 1
	758	ENDDO
[2232]	759	!
	760	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	761	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	762	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	763
[2223]	764	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	765	!
[2223]	766	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	767	kp = kp + k_surf
	768	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	769	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	770	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	771	!-- of overhanging structures.
	772	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	773	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	774	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	775	CYCLE xloop
	776	ENDIF
[2232]	777	!
[2312]	778	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	779	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	780	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	781	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	782	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	783	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	784	THEN
[1575]	785	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	786	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	787	ENDIF
	788
[2223]	789	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	790
[2223]	791	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	792	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	793	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	794	ENDIF
	795	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	796	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	797	ENDIF
	798	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	799
[1359]	800	ENDIF
[2223]	801	ENDDO
[1929]	802
[2223]	803	ENDIF
[1]	804
[2223]	805	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	806
[2223]	807	ENDDO xloop
[1]	808
[2223]	809	ENDIF
[1]	810
[2223]	811	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	812
[2223]	813	ENDDO
[1]	814
[2223]	815	ENDIF
[1]	816
	817	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	818
	819	ENDDO
	820
	821	ENDDO
	822
[1359]	823	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	824	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	825	DO jp = nys, nyn
	826	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	827	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	828	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	829	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	830	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	831	min_nr_particle )
	832	ELSE
	833	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	834	ENDIF
	835	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	836	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	837	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	838	ENDDO
	839	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	840	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	841	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	842	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	843	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	844	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	845	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	846	ENDIF
	847	ENDIF
	848	ENDIF
	849	ENDDO
	850	ENDDO
	851	ENDDO
	852	ENDIF
[1929]	853
[1359]	854	ENDDO
[1]	855
[2182]	856
	857
[1359]	858	local_start = prt_count+1
	859	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	860
[1]	861	!
[2122]	862	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	863	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	864	DO jp = nys, nyn
	865	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	866	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	867	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	868	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	869
[2312]	870	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	871
[2305]	872	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	873	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	874	!
	875	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	876	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	877	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	878
	879	ENDDO
	880
	881	ENDDO
	882	ENDDO
	883	ENDDO
	884
	885	!
[1871]	886	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	887	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	888	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	889	ENDIF
	890
	891	!
[1929]	892	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	893	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	894	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	895	DO jp = nys, nyn
	896	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	897	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	898	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	899	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	900	!
[2312]	901	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	902	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	903	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	904	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	905	!-- respectively.
[1929]	906	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	907	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	908	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	909	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	910	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	911	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	912	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	913	)
[1359]	914	ENDIF
	915	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	916	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	917	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	918	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	919	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	920	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	921	)
[1359]	922	ENDIF
	923	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	924	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	925	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	926	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	927	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	928	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	929	)
[1359]	930	ENDIF
	931	ENDDO
[1]	932	!
[1929]	933	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	934	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	935	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	936	!
	937	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	938	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	939	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	940	particles => &
	941	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	942	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	943	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	944	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	945	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	946	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	947	k = k + 1
	948	ENDDO
	949	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	950	k = k - 1
	951	ENDDO
[2232]	952	!
	953	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	954	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	955	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	956	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	957	ENDIF
[2232]	958
[1929]	959	ENDDO
[1359]	960	ENDDO
	961	ENDDO
	962	ENDDO
[1]	963	!
[1359]	964	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	965	CALL lpm_move_particle
	966	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	967
[1359]	968	ENDIF
[1]	969	!
[2312]	970	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	971	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	972	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	973	!-- position.
[2606]	974	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	975
	976	!
[2265]	977	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	978	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	979	DO jp = nys, nyn
	980	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	981	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	982	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	983	ENDDO
[1359]	984	ENDDO
	985	ENDDO
[1]	986	!
[1822]	987	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	988	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	989	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	990	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	991	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	992	#else
[1359]	993	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	994	#endif
	995
[1359]	996	RETURN
[1]	997
[1359]	998	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	999
[1871]	1000	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1001
	1002	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1003	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1004
	1005	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1006	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1007	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1008
	1009	USE constants, &
	1010	ONLY: pi
	1011
[2608]	1012	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1013	ONLY: magnus
	1014
	1015
[1871]	1016	USE kinds
	1017
	1018	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1019	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1020
	1021	IMPLICIT NONE
	1022
[2122]	1023	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1024	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1025	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1026	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1027	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1028	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1029	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1030	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1031	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1032	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1033	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1034	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1035
[1890]	1036	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1037
	1038	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1039	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1040	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1041	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1042
	1043	!
[2375]	1044	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1045	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1046	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1047	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1048	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1049	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1050	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1051	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1052	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1053	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1054	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1055	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1056	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1057	ELSE
	1058	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1059	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1060	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1061	ENDIF
	1062	!
[2312]	1063	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1064	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1065	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1066	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1067	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1068	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1069	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1070	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1071	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1072	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1073	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1074	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1075	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1076	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1077	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1078	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1079	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1080	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1081	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1082	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1083	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1084	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1085	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1086	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1087	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1088	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1089	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1090	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1091	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1092	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1093	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1094	CONTINUE
	1095	ELSE
	1096	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1097	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1098	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1099	ENDIF
	1100
	1101	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1102	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1103	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1104
	1105	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1106	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1107	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1108
	1109	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1110	!
	1111	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1112	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1113	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1114	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1115
[2312]	1116	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1117	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1118	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1119
[2312]	1120	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1121	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1122	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1123	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1124	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1125	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1126	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1127	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1128	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1129
[2312]	1130	!
	1131	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1132	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1133	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1134
[2312]	1135	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1136	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1137	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1138	ELSE
	1139	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1140	ENDIF
	1141	!
[2312]	1142	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1143	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1144
[2312]	1145	ENDDO
[1871]	1146	!
	1147	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1148	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1149	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1150	!-- the simulation.
	1151	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1152
[2608]	1153	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1154	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1155
[2122]	1156	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1157	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1158
	1159	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1160	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1161	!
[2312]	1162	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1163	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1164	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1165
[2312]	1166	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1167	!
[2312]	1168	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1169	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1170	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1171	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1172	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1173	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1174	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1175	)
[1871]	1176
[2122]	1177	ENDDO
[1871]	1178
	1179	ENDDO
	1180	ENDDO
	1181	ENDDO
	1182
	1183	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1184
[1359]	1185	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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