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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2629

Last change on this file since 2629 was 2628, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
enable particle advection with grid stretching and some formatation changes in lpm
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File size: 46.1 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel $
[2628]	27	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	28	!
	29	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	30	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	31	!
	32	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	33	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	34	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	35	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	36	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	37	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	38	!
	39	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	40	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	41	!
	42	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	43	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	44	!
	45	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	46	! Get topography top index via Function call
	47	!
	48	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	49	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	50	!
	51	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	52	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	53	!
[2305]	54	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	55	! Changed error messages
[2312]	56	!
[2274]	57	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	58	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	59	!
[2265]	60	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	61	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	62	!
[2263]	63	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	64	!
[2233]	65	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	66	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	67	!
	68	!
[2224]	69	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	70	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	71	!
[2183]	72	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	73	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	74	!
[2123]	75	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	76	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	77	! Calculation of particle ID
	78	!
[2001]	79	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	80	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	81	!
[1930]	82	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	83	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	84	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	85	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	86	! than one grid length.
	87	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	88	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	89	!
[1891]	90	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	91	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	92	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	93	! initialization.
	94	!
[1874]	95	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	96	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	97	!
[1872]	98	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	99	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	100	!
[1851]	101	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	102	! Module renamed
	103	!
[1832]	104	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	105	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	106	!
[1823]	107	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	108	! Unused variables removed.
	109	!
[1784]	110	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	111	! netcdf module added
	112	!
[2312]	113	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	114	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	115	! used.
	116	!
[1692]	117	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	118	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	119	!
[1686]	120	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	121	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	122	!
[1683]	123	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	124	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	125	!
[1576]	126	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	127	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	128	!
[1360]	129	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	130	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	131	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	132	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	133	!
[1329]	134	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	135	! -netcdf_output
	136	!
[1323]	137	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	138	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	139	!
[1321]	140	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	141	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	142	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	143	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	144	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	145	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	146	! all variable declaration statements
	147	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	148	!
[1315]	149	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	150	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	151	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	152	!
[1093]	153	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	154	! unused variables removed
	155	!
[1037]	156	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	157	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	158	!
[850]	159	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	160	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	161	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	162	! advec_particles),
	163	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	164	!
[829]	165	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	166	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	167	!
[826]	168	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	169	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	170	! array particles implemented as pointer
	171	!
[668]	172	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	173	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	174	! of arrays.
	175	!
[1]	176	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	177	! Initial revision
	178	!
	179	!
	180	! Description:
	181	! ------------
[1682]	182	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	183	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	184	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	185	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	186
[2305]	187	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	188
[1320]	189	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	190	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	191
	192	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	193	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	194	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	195	simulated_time
[1320]	196
	197	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	198	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	199
	200	USE indices, &
[1575]	201	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	202	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	203
	204	USE kinds
	205
	206	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	207	ONLY: init_kernels
	208
[1783]	209	USE netcdf_interface, &
	210	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	211
[1320]	212	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	213	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	214	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	215	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	216	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	217	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	218	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	219	number_concentration, &
[2265]	220	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	221	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	222	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	223	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	224	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	225	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	226	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	227	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	228	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	229	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	230	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	231
[1]	232	USE pegrid
	233
[1320]	234	USE random_function_mod, &
	235	ONLY: random_function
[1]	236
[2232]	237	USE surface_mod, &
[2317]	238	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	239
[1359]	240	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	241
[1359]	242	PRIVATE
	243
[1682]	244	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	245	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	246
	247	INTERFACE lpm_init
	248	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	249	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	250
	251	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	252	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	253	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	254
	255	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	256
[1929]	257	CONTAINS
[1359]	258
[1682]	259	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	260	! Description:
	261	! ------------
	262	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	263	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	264	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	265
	266	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	267	ONLY: init_kernels
	268
[1]	269	IMPLICIT NONE
	270
[1682]	271	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	272	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	273	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	274
[2312]	275	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	276	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	277	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	278	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	279	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	280
[1359]	281
[1]	282	!
[150]	283	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	284	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	285	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	286	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	287	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	288	ENDIF
	289
[1359]	290	!
	291	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	292	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	293	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	294	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	295	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	296	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	297	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	298	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	299	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	300	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	301	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	302	!
[1]	303	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	304	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	305	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	306	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	307	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	308	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	309	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	310	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	311	ENDIF
[2232]	312	!
	313	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	314	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	315	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	316	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	317	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	318	'with particles'
[2232]	319	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	320
[2312]	321	ENDIF
[2232]	322
[1]	323	!
	324	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	325	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	326	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	327	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	328	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	329	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	330	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	331
[1359]	332	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	333	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	334	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	335
[2182]	336	!
	337	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	338	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	339	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	340	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	341	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	342	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	343	!
[2312]	344	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	345	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	346	div = 1000.0_wp
	347	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	348	div = div / 10.0_wp
	349	ENDDO
	350	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	351	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	352	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	353
	354	ENDIF
	355
[1]	356	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	357	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	358	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	359	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	360	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	361	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	362	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	363	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	364	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	365	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	366	ENDDO
	367
	368	!
[2312]	369	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	370	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	371	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	372	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	373	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	374	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	375
[2312]	376	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	377	ENDIF
	378
	379	!
[2312]	380	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	381	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	382	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	383	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	384	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	385	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	386	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	387	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	388
	389	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	390	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	391
	392	!
	393	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	394	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	395	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	396	!-- negligible.
[2232]	397	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	398	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	399	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	400
[1320]	401	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	402	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	403	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	404	#else
	405	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	406	#endif
[1314]	407
	408	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	409	!
	410	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	411	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	412	!
	413	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	414	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	415	!
	416	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	417	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	418	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	419
	420	height_p = height_p + height_int
	421	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	422
	423	ENDDO
	424
	425	ENDIF
	426
	427	!
[1359]	428	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	429	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	430
[1359]	431	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	432	ibc_par_b = 1
	433
	434	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	435	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	436
[1359]	437	CASE DEFAULT
	438	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	439	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	440	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	441
[1359]	442	END SELECT
	443	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	444
[1359]	445	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	446	ibc_par_t = 1
	447
	448	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	449	ibc_par_t = 2
[2312]	450
[1359]	451	CASE DEFAULT
	452	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	453	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	454	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	455
[1359]	456	END SELECT
	457	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	458
	459	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	460	ibc_par_lr = 0
	461
	462	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	463	ibc_par_lr = 1
	464
	465	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	466	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2312]	467
[1359]	468	CASE DEFAULT
	469	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	470	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	471	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	472
[1359]	473	END SELECT
	474	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	475
	476	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	477	ibc_par_ns = 0
	478
	479	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	480	ibc_par_ns = 1
	481
	482	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	483	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2312]	484
[1359]	485	CASE DEFAULT
	486	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	487	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	488	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	489
[1359]	490	END SELECT
[2263]	491	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	492
[2263]	493	CASE ( 'const' )
	494	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	495
[2263]	496	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	497	i_splitting_mode = 2
	498
	499	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	500	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	501
[2263]	502	CASE DEFAULT
	503	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	504	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	505	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	506
[2263]	507	END SELECT
	508	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	509
[2263]	510	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	511	isf = 1
	512
	513	CASE ( 'log' )
	514	isf = 2
	515
	516	CASE ( 'exp' )
	517	isf = 3
[2312]	518
[2263]	519	CASE DEFAULT
	520	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	521	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	522	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	523
[2263]	524	END SELECT
	525
[2312]	526
[1359]	527	!
[828]	528	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	529	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	530
	531	!
[1]	532	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	533	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	534	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	535	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	536
[849]	537	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	538
	539	ELSE
	540
	541	!
	542	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	543	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	544	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	545	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	546
[1359]	547	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	548
	549	sort_count = 0
[1359]	550	prt_count = 0
[792]	551
[1]	552	!
[2312]	553	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	554	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	555
	556	!
[1]	557	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	558	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	559	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	560	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	561	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	562	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	563	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	564	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	565
[1359]	566	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	567
	568	!
	569	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	570	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	571	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	572	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	573	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	574	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	575	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	576	ENDIF
[1359]	577	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	578	ENDDO
	579
	580	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	581	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	582	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	583	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	584	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	585	ENDIF
	586	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	587	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	588	ENDDO
	589
	590	!
[1359]	591	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	592	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	593	!-- different on the different PEs.
	594	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	595
[1725]	596	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	597	!
	598	!-- User modification of initial particles
	599	CALL user_lpm_init
	600
	601	!
	602	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	603	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	604	CALL check_open( 80 )
	605	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	606	number_of_particles
[1359]	607	CALL close_file( 80 )
	608	ENDIF
	609
	610	ENDIF
	611
	612	!
[2312]	613	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	614	!-- first grid cell
	615	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	616	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	617	!
	618	!-- Formats
	619	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	620
	621	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	622
[1682]	623	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	624	! Description:
	625	! ------------
	626	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	627	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	628	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	629
	630	USE arrays_3d, &
	631	ONLY: zw
[1359]	632	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	633	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	634
[2628]	635	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	636	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	637
[1871]	638	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	639	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	640
[1359]	641	IMPLICIT NONE
	642
[1929]	643	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	644	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	645	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	646	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	647	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	648	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	649	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	650	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	651	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	652	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	653	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	654
[1929]	655	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	656
[1929]	657	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	658	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	659
[1929]	660	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	661
[2312]	662	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	663	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	664	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	665	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	666
[1929]	667	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	668
	669	!
	670	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	671	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	672	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	673	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	674	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	675	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	676	ELSE
	677	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	678	ENDIF
	679
[2182]	680	!
	681	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	682	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	683	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	684	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	685	END IF
	686
[1]	687	n = 0
	688	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	689
	690	pos_z = psb(i)
	691
	692	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	693
[2223]	694	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	695
	696
[2223]	697	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	698
[2223]	699	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	700
[2606]	701	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	702	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	703
[2223]	704	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	705
[2223]	706	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	707
[2606]	708	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	709	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	710
	711	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	712
[2305]	713
[2223]	714	n = n + 1
	715	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	716	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	717	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	718	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	719	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	720	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	721	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	722	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	723	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	724	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	725	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	726	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	727	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	728	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	729	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	730	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	731	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	732	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	733	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	734	ELSE
	735	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	736	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	737	ENDIF
[2223]	738	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	739	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	740	tmp_particle%class = 1
	741	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	742	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	743	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	744	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	745	!
[2223]	746	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	747	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	748	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	749	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	750	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	751	kp = kp + 1
	752	ENDDO
	753	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	754	kp = kp - 1
	755	ENDDO
[2232]	756	!
	757	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	758	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2346]	759	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	760
[2223]	761	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	762	!
[2223]	763	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	764	kp = kp + k_surf
	765	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	766	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	767	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	768	!-- of overhanging structures.
	769	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	770	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	771	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	772	CYCLE xloop
	773	ENDIF
[2232]	774	!
[2312]	775	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	776	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	777	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	778	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	779	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	780	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	781	THEN
[1575]	782	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	783	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	784	ENDIF
	785
[2223]	786	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	787
[2223]	788	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	789	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	790	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	791	ENDIF
	792	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	793	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	794	ENDIF
	795	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	796
[1359]	797	ENDIF
[2223]	798	ENDDO
[1929]	799
[2223]	800	ENDIF
[1]	801
[2223]	802	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	803
[2223]	804	ENDDO xloop
[1]	805
[2223]	806	ENDIF
[1]	807
[2223]	808	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	809
[2223]	810	ENDDO
[1]	811
[2223]	812	ENDIF
[1]	813
	814	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	815
	816	ENDDO
	817
	818	ENDDO
	819
[1359]	820	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	821	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	822	DO jp = nys, nyn
	823	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	824	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	825	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	826	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	827	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	828	min_nr_particle )
	829	ELSE
	830	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	831	ENDIF
	832	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	833	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	834	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	835	ENDDO
	836	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	837	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	838	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	839	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	840	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	841	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	842	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	843	ENDIF
	844	ENDIF
	845	ENDIF
	846	ENDDO
	847	ENDDO
	848	ENDDO
	849	ENDIF
[1929]	850
[1359]	851	ENDDO
[1]	852
[2182]	853
	854
[1359]	855	local_start = prt_count+1
	856	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	857
[1]	858	!
[2122]	859	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	860	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	861	DO jp = nys, nyn
	862	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	863	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	864	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	865	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	866
[2312]	867	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	868
[2305]	869	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	870	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	871	!
	872	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	873	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	874	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	875
	876	ENDDO
	877
	878	ENDDO
	879	ENDDO
	880	ENDDO
	881
	882	!
[1871]	883	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	884	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	885	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	886	ENDIF
	887
	888	!
[1929]	889	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	890	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	891	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	892	DO jp = nys, nyn
	893	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	894	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	895	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	896	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	897	!
[2312]	898	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	899	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	900	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	901	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	902	!-- respectively.
[1929]	903	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	904	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	905	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	906	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	907	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	908	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	909	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	910	)
[1359]	911	ENDIF
	912	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	913	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	914	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	915	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	916	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	917	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	918	)
[1359]	919	ENDIF
	920	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	921	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	922	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	923	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	924	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	925	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	926	)
[1359]	927	ENDIF
	928	ENDDO
[1]	929	!
[1929]	930	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	931	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	932	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	933	!
	934	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	935	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	936	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	937	particles => &
	938	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	939	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	940	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	941	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	942	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	943	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	944	k = k + 1
	945	ENDDO
	946	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	947	k = k - 1
	948	ENDDO
[2232]	949	!
	950	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	951	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	952	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	953	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	954	ENDIF
[2232]	955
[1929]	956	ENDDO
[1359]	957	ENDDO
	958	ENDDO
	959	ENDDO
[1]	960	!
[1359]	961	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	962	CALL lpm_move_particle
	963	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	964
[1359]	965	ENDIF
[1]	966	!
[2312]	967	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	968	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	969	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	970	!-- position.
[2606]	971	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	972
	973	!
[2265]	974	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	975	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	976	DO jp = nys, nyn
	977	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	978	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	979	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	980	ENDDO
[1359]	981	ENDDO
	982	ENDDO
[1]	983	!
[1822]	984	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	985	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	986	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	987	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	988	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	989	#else
[1359]	990	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	991	#endif
	992
[1359]	993	RETURN
[1]	994
[1359]	995	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	996
[1871]	997	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	998
	999	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1000	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1001
	1002	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1003	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1004	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1005
	1006	USE constants, &
	1007	ONLY: pi
	1008
[2608]	1009	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1010	ONLY: magnus
	1011
	1012
[1871]	1013	USE kinds
	1014
	1015	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1016	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1017
	1018	IMPLICIT NONE
	1019
[2122]	1020	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1021	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1022	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1023	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1024	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1025	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1026	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1027	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1028	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1029	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1030	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1031	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1032
[1890]	1033	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1034
	1035	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1036	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1037	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1038	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1039
	1040	!
[2375]	1041	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1042	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1043	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1044	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1045	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1046	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1047	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1048	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1049	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1050	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1051	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1052	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1053	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1054	ELSE
	1055	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1056	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1057	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1058	ENDIF
	1059	!
[2312]	1060	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1061	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1062	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1063	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1064	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1065	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1066	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1067	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1068	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1069	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1070	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1071	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1072	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1073	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1074	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1075	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1076	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1077	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1078	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1079	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1080	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1081	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1082	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1083	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1084	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1085	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1086	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1087	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1088	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1089	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1090	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1091	CONTINUE
	1092	ELSE
	1093	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1094	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1095	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1096	ENDIF
	1097
	1098	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1099	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1100	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1101
	1102	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1103	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1104	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1105
	1106	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1107	!
	1108	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1109	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1110	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1111	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1112
[2312]	1113	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1114	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1115	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1116
[2312]	1117	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1118	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1119	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1120	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1121	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1122	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1123	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1124	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1125	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1126
[2312]	1127	!
	1128	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1129	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1130	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1131
[2312]	1132	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1133	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1134	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1135	ELSE
	1136	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1137	ENDIF
	1138	!
[2312]	1139	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1140	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1141
[2312]	1142	ENDDO
[1871]	1143	!
	1144	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1145	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1146	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1147	!-- the simulation.
	1148	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1149
[2608]	1150	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1151	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1152
[2122]	1153	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1154	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1155
	1156	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1157	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1158	!
[2312]	1159	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1160	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1161	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1162
[2312]	1163	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1164	!
[2312]	1165	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1166	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1167	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1168	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1169	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1170	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1171	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1172	)
[1871]	1173
[2122]	1174	ENDDO
[1871]	1175
	1176	ENDDO
	1177	ENDDO
	1178	ENDDO
	1179
	1180	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1181
[1359]	1182	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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