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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2606

Last change on this file since 2606 was 2606, checked in by schwenkel, 6 years ago
Modified particle box location and further changes in particle model
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 45.2 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel $
[2606]	27	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	28	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	29	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	30	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	31	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	32	!
	33	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	34	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	35	!
	36	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	37	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	38	!
	39	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	40	! Get topography top index via Function call
	41	!
	42	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	43	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	44	!
	45	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	46	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	47	!
[2305]	48	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	49	! Changed error messages
[2312]	50	!
[2274]	51	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	52	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	53	!
[2265]	54	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	55	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	56	!
[2263]	57	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	58	!
[2233]	59	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	60	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	61	!
	62	!
[2224]	63	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	64	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	65	!
[2183]	66	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	67	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	68	!
[2123]	69	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	70	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	71	! Calculation of particle ID
	72	!
[2001]	73	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	74	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	75	!
[1930]	76	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	77	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	78	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	79	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	80	! than one grid length.
	81	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	82	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	83	!
[1891]	84	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	85	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	86	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	87	! initialization.
	88	!
[1874]	89	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	90	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	91	!
[1872]	92	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	93	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	94	!
[1851]	95	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	96	! Module renamed
	97	!
[1832]	98	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	99	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	100	!
[1823]	101	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	102	! Unused variables removed.
	103	!
[1784]	104	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	105	! netcdf module added
	106	!
[2312]	107	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	108	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	109	! used.
	110	!
[1692]	111	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	112	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	113	!
[1686]	114	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	115	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	116	!
[1683]	117	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	118	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	119	!
[1576]	120	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	121	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	122	!
[1360]	123	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	124	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	125	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	126	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	127	!
[1329]	128	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	129	! -netcdf_output
	130	!
[1323]	131	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	132	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	133	!
[1321]	134	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	135	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	136	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	137	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	138	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	139	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	140	! all variable declaration statements
	141	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	142	!
[1315]	143	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	144	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	145	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	146	!
[1093]	147	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	148	! unused variables removed
	149	!
[1037]	150	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	151	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	152	!
[850]	153	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	154	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	155	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	156	! advec_particles),
	157	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	158	!
[829]	159	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	160	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	161	!
[826]	162	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	163	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	164	! array particles implemented as pointer
	165	!
[668]	166	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	167	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	168	! of arrays.
	169	!
[1]	170	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	171	! Initial revision
	172	!
	173	!
	174	! Description:
	175	! ------------
[1682]	176	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	177	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	178	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	179	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	180
[2305]	181	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	182
[1320]	183	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	184	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	185
	186	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	187	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	188	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	189	simulated_time
[1320]	190
	191	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	192	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	193
	194	USE indices, &
[1575]	195	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	196	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	197
	198	USE kinds
	199
	200	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	201	ONLY: init_kernels
	202
[1783]	203	USE netcdf_interface, &
	204	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	205
[1320]	206	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	207	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	208	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	209	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	210	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	211	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	212	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	213	number_concentration, &
[2265]	214	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	215	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	216	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	217	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	218	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	219	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	220	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	221	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	222	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	223	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	224	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	225
[1]	226	USE pegrid
	227
[1320]	228	USE random_function_mod, &
	229	ONLY: random_function
[1]	230
[2232]	231	USE surface_mod, &
[2317]	232	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	233
[1359]	234	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	235
[1359]	236	PRIVATE
	237
[1682]	238	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	239	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	240
	241	INTERFACE lpm_init
	242	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	243	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	244
	245	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	246	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	247	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	248
	249	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	250
[1929]	251	CONTAINS
[1359]	252
[1682]	253	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	254	! Description:
	255	! ------------
	256	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	257	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	258	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	259
	260	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	261	ONLY: init_kernels
	262
[1]	263	IMPLICIT NONE
	264
[1682]	265	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	266	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	267	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	268
[2312]	269	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	270	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	271	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	272	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	273	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	274
[1359]	275
[1]	276	!
[150]	277	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	278	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	279	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	280	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	281	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	282	ENDIF
	283
[1359]	284	!
	285	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	286	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	287	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	288	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	289	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	290	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	291	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	292	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	293	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	294	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	295	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	296	!
[1]	297	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	298	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	299	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	300	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	301	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	302	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	303	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	304	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	305	ENDIF
[2232]	306	!
	307	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	308	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	309	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	310	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	311	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	312	'with particles'
[2232]	313	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	314
[2312]	315	ENDIF
[2232]	316
[1]	317	!
	318	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	319	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	320	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	321	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	322	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	323	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	324	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	325
[1359]	326	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	327	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	328	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	329
[2182]	330	!
	331	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	332	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	333	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	334	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	335	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	336	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	337	!
[2312]	338	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	339	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	340	div = 1000.0_wp
	341	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	342	div = div / 10.0_wp
	343	ENDDO
	344	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	345	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	346	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	347
	348	ENDIF
	349
[1]	350	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	351	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	352	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	353	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	354	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	355	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	356	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	357	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	358	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	359	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	360	ENDDO
	361
	362	!
[2312]	363	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	364	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	365	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	366	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	367	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	368	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	369
[2312]	370	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	371	ENDIF
	372
	373	!
[2312]	374	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	375	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	376	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	377	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	378	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	379	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	380	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	381	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	382
	383	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	384	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	385
	386	!
	387	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	388	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	389	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	390	!-- negligible.
[2232]	391	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	392	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	393	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	394
[1320]	395	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	396	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	397	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	398	#else
	399	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	400	#endif
[1314]	401
	402	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	403	!
	404	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	405	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	406	!
	407	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	408	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	409	!
	410	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	411	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	412	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	413
	414	height_p = height_p + height_int
	415	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	416
	417	ENDDO
	418
	419	ENDIF
	420
	421	!
[1359]	422	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	423	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	424
[1359]	425	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	426	ibc_par_b = 1
	427
	428	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	429	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	430
[1359]	431	CASE DEFAULT
	432	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	433	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	434	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	435
[1359]	436	END SELECT
	437	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	438
[1359]	439	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	440	ibc_par_t = 1
	441
	442	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	443	ibc_par_t = 2
[2312]	444
[1359]	445	CASE DEFAULT
	446	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	447	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	448	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	449
[1359]	450	END SELECT
	451	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	452
	453	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	454	ibc_par_lr = 0
	455
	456	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	457	ibc_par_lr = 1
	458
	459	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	460	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2312]	461
[1359]	462	CASE DEFAULT
	463	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	464	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	465	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	466
[1359]	467	END SELECT
	468	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	469
	470	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	471	ibc_par_ns = 0
	472
	473	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	474	ibc_par_ns = 1
	475
	476	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	477	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2312]	478
[1359]	479	CASE DEFAULT
	480	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	481	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	482	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	483
[1359]	484	END SELECT
[2263]	485	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	486
[2263]	487	CASE ( 'const' )
	488	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	489
[2263]	490	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	491	i_splitting_mode = 2
	492
	493	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	494	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	495
[2263]	496	CASE DEFAULT
	497	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	498	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	499	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	500
[2263]	501	END SELECT
	502	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	503
[2263]	504	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	505	isf = 1
	506
	507	CASE ( 'log' )
	508	isf = 2
	509
	510	CASE ( 'exp' )
	511	isf = 3
[2312]	512
[2263]	513	CASE DEFAULT
	514	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	515	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	516	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	517
[2263]	518	END SELECT
	519
[2312]	520
[1359]	521	!
[828]	522	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	523	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	524
	525	!
[1]	526	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	527	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	528	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	529	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	530
[849]	531	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	532
	533	ELSE
	534
	535	!
	536	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	537	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	538	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	539	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	540
[1359]	541	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	542
	543	sort_count = 0
[1359]	544	prt_count = 0
[792]	545
[1]	546	!
[2312]	547	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	548	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	549
	550	!
[1]	551	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	552	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	553	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	554	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	555	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	556	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	557	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	558	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	559
[1359]	560	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	561
	562	!
	563	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	564	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	565	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	566	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	567	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	568	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	569	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	570	ENDIF
[1359]	571	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	572	ENDDO
	573
	574	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	575	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	576	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	577	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	578	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	579	ENDIF
	580	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	581	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	582	ENDDO
	583
	584	!
[1359]	585	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	586	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	587	!-- different on the different PEs.
	588	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	589
[1725]	590	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	591	!
	592	!-- User modification of initial particles
	593	CALL user_lpm_init
	594
	595	!
	596	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	597	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	598	CALL check_open( 80 )
	599	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	600	number_of_particles
[1359]	601	CALL close_file( 80 )
	602	ENDIF
	603
	604	ENDIF
	605
	606	!
[2312]	607	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	608	!-- first grid cell
	609	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	610	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	611	!
	612	!-- Formats
	613	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	614
	615	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	616
[1682]	617	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	618	! Description:
	619	! ------------
	620	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	621	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	622	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	623
	624	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	625	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	626
[2606]	627	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
	628	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	629
[1871]	630	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	631	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	632
[1359]	633	IMPLICIT NONE
	634
[1929]	635	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	636	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	637	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	638	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	639	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	641	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	642	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	643	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	644	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	645	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	646
[1929]	647	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	648
[1929]	649	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	650	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	651
[1929]	652	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	653
[2312]	654	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	655	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	656	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	657	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	658
[1929]	659	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	660
	661	!
	662	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	663	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	664	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	665	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	666	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	667	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	668	ELSE
	669	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	670	ENDIF
	671
[2182]	672	!
	673	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	674	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	675	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	676	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	677	END IF
	678
[1]	679	n = 0
	680	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	681
	682	pos_z = psb(i)
	683
	684	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	685
[2223]	686	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	687
	688
[2223]	689	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	690
[2223]	691	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	692
[2606]	693	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	694	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	695
[2223]	696	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	697
[2223]	698	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	699
[2606]	700	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	701	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	702
	703	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	704
[2305]	705
[2223]	706	n = n + 1
	707	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	708	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	709	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	710	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	711	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	712	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	713	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	714	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	715	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	716	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	717	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	718	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	719	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	720	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	721	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	722	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	723	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	724	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	725	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	726	ELSE
	727	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	728	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	729	ENDIF
[2223]	730	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	731	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	732	tmp_particle%class = 1
	733	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	734	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	735	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	736	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	737	!
[2223]	738	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	739	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	740	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2223]	741	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	742	!
	743	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	744	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2346]	745	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	746
[2223]	747	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	748	!
[2223]	749	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	750	kp = kp + k_surf
	751	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	752	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	753	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	754	!-- of overhanging structures.
	755	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	756	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	757	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	758	CYCLE xloop
	759	ENDIF
[2232]	760	!
[2312]	761	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	762	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	763	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	764	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	765	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	766	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	767	THEN
[1575]	768	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	769	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	770	ENDIF
	771
[2223]	772	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	773
[2223]	774	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	775	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	776	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	777	ENDIF
	778	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	779	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	780	ENDIF
	781	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	782
[1359]	783	ENDIF
[2223]	784	ENDDO
[1929]	785
[2223]	786	ENDIF
[1]	787
[2223]	788	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	789
[2223]	790	ENDDO xloop
[1]	791
[2223]	792	ENDIF
[1]	793
[2223]	794	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	795
[2223]	796	ENDDO
[1]	797
[2223]	798	ENDIF
[1]	799
	800	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	801
	802	ENDDO
	803
	804	ENDDO
	805
[1359]	806	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	807	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	808	DO jp = nys, nyn
	809	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	810	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	811	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	812	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	813	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	814	min_nr_particle )
	815	ELSE
	816	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	817	ENDIF
	818	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	819	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	820	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	821	ENDDO
	822	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	823	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	824	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	825	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	826	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	827	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	828	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	829	ENDIF
	830	ENDIF
	831	ENDIF
	832	ENDDO
	833	ENDDO
	834	ENDDO
	835	ENDIF
[1929]	836
[1359]	837	ENDDO
[1]	838
[2182]	839
	840
[1359]	841	local_start = prt_count+1
	842	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	843
[1]	844	!
[2122]	845	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	846	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	847	DO jp = nys, nyn
	848	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	849	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	850	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	851	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	852
[2312]	853	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	854
[2305]	855	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	856	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	857	!
	858	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	859	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	860	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	861
	862	ENDDO
	863
	864	ENDDO
	865	ENDDO
	866	ENDDO
	867
	868	!
[1871]	869	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	870	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	871	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	872	ENDIF
	873
	874	!
[1929]	875	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	876	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	877	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	878	DO jp = nys, nyn
	879	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	880	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	881	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	882	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	883	!
[2312]	884	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	885	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	886	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	887	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	888	!-- respectively.
[1929]	889	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	890	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	891	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	892	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	893	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	894	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	895	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	896	)
[1359]	897	ENDIF
	898	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	899	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	900	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	901	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	902	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	903	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	904	)
[1359]	905	ENDIF
	906	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	907	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	908	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	909	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	910	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	911	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	912	)
[1359]	913	ENDIF
	914	ENDDO
[1]	915	!
[1929]	916	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	917	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	918	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	919	!
	920	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	921	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	922	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	923	particles => &
	924	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	925	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	926	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	927	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2232]	928	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	929	!
	930	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	931	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	932	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	933	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	934	ENDIF
[2232]	935
[1929]	936	ENDDO
[1359]	937	ENDDO
	938	ENDDO
	939	ENDDO
[1]	940	!
[1359]	941	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	942	CALL lpm_move_particle
	943	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	944
[1359]	945	ENDIF
[1]	946	!
[2312]	947	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	948	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	949	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	950	!-- position.
[2606]	951	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	952
	953	!
[2265]	954	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	955	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	956	DO jp = nys, nyn
	957	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	958	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	959	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	960	ENDDO
[1359]	961	ENDDO
	962	ENDDO
[1]	963	!
[1822]	964	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	965	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	966	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	967	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	968	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	969	#else
[1359]	970	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	971	#endif
	972
[1359]	973	RETURN
[1]	974
[1359]	975	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	976
[1871]	977	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	978
	979	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	980	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	981
	982	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	983	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	984	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	985
	986	USE constants, &
	987	ONLY: pi
	988
	989	USE kinds
	990
	991	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	992	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	993
	994	IMPLICIT NONE
	995
[2122]	996	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	997	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	998	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	999	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1000	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1001	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1002	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1003	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1004	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1005	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1006	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1007	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1008
[1890]	1009	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1010
	1011	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1012	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1013	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1014	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1015
	1016	!
[2375]	1017	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1018	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1019	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1020	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1021	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1022	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1023	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1024	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1025	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1026	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1027	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1028	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1029	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1030	ELSE
	1031	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1032	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1033	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1034	ENDIF
	1035	!
[2312]	1036	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1037	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1038	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1039	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1040	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1041	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1042	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1043	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1044	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1045	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1046	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1047	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1048	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1049	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1050	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1051	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1052	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1053	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1054	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1055	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1056	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1057	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1058	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1059	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1060	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1061	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1062	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1063	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1064	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1065	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1066	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1067	CONTINUE
	1068	ELSE
	1069	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1070	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1071	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1072	ENDIF
	1073
	1074	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1075	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1076	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1077
	1078	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1079	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1080	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1081
	1082	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1083	!
	1084	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1085	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1086	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1087	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1088
[2312]	1089	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1090	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1091	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1092
[2312]	1093	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1094	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1095	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1096	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1097	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1098	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1099	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1100	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1101	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1102
[2312]	1103	!
	1104	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1105	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1106	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1107
[2312]	1108	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1109	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1110	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1111	ELSE
	1112	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1113	ENDIF
	1114	!
[2312]	1115	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1116	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1117
[2312]	1118	ENDDO
[1871]	1119	!
	1120	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1121	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1122	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1123	!-- the simulation.
	1124	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1125
	1126	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1127	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1128
[2122]	1129	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1130	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1131
	1132	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1133	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1134	!
[2312]	1135	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1136	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1137	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1138
[2312]	1139	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1140	!
[2312]	1141	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1142	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1143	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1144	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1145	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1146	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1147	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1148	)
[1871]	1149
[2122]	1150	ENDDO
[1871]	1151
	1152	ENDDO
	1153	ENDDO
	1154	ENDDO
	1155
	1156	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1157
[1359]	1158	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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