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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2370

Last change on this file since 2370 was 2346, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
Determination of topography-top index corrected
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 43.9 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z raasch $
[2346]	27	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	28	!
	29	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	30	! Get topography top index via Function call
	31	!
	32	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	33	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	34	!
	35	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	36	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	37	!
[2305]	38	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	39	! Changed error messages
[2312]	40	!
[2274]	41	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	42	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	43	!
[2265]	44	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	45	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	46	!
[2263]	47	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	48	!
[2233]	49	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	50	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	51	!
	52	!
[2224]	53	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	54	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	55	!
[2183]	56	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	57	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	58	!
[2123]	59	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	60	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	61	! Calculation of particle ID
	62	!
[2001]	63	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	64	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	65	!
[1930]	66	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	67	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	68	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	69	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	70	! than one grid length.
	71	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	72	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	73	!
[1891]	74	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	75	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	76	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	77	! initialization.
	78	!
[1874]	79	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	80	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	81	!
[1872]	82	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	83	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	84	!
[1851]	85	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	86	! Module renamed
	87	!
[1832]	88	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	89	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	90	!
[1823]	91	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	92	! Unused variables removed.
	93	!
[1784]	94	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	95	! netcdf module added
	96	!
[2312]	97	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	98	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	99	! used.
	100	!
[1692]	101	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	102	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	103	!
[1686]	104	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	105	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	106	!
[1683]	107	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	108	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	109	!
[1576]	110	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	111	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	112	!
[1360]	113	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	114	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	115	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	116	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	117	!
[1329]	118	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	119	! -netcdf_output
	120	!
[1323]	121	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	122	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	123	!
[1321]	124	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	125	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	126	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	127	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	128	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	129	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	130	! all variable declaration statements
	131	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	132	!
[1315]	133	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	134	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	135	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	136	!
[1093]	137	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	138	! unused variables removed
	139	!
[1037]	140	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	141	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	142	!
[850]	143	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	144	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	145	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	146	! advec_particles),
	147	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	148	!
[829]	149	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	150	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	151	!
[826]	152	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	153	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	154	! array particles implemented as pointer
	155	!
[668]	156	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	157	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	158	! of arrays.
	159	!
[1]	160	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	161	! Initial revision
	162	!
	163	!
	164	! Description:
	165	! ------------
[1682]	166	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	167	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	168	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	169	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	170
[2305]	171	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	172
[1320]	173	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	174	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	175
	176	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	177	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	178	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	179	simulated_time
[1320]	180
	181	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	182	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	183
	184	USE indices, &
[1575]	185	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	186	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	187
	188	USE kinds
	189
	190	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	191	ONLY: init_kernels
	192
[1783]	193	USE netcdf_interface, &
	194	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	195
[1320]	196	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	197	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	198	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	199	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	200	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	201	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	202	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	203	number_concentration, &
[2265]	204	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	205	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	206	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	207	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	208	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	209	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	210	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	211	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	212	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	213	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	214	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	215
[1]	216	USE pegrid
	217
[1320]	218	USE random_function_mod, &
	219	ONLY: random_function
[1]	220
[2232]	221	USE surface_mod, &
[2317]	222	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	223
[1359]	224	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	225
[1359]	226	PRIVATE
	227
[1682]	228	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	229	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	230
	231	INTERFACE lpm_init
	232	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	233	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	234
	235	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	236	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	237	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	238
	239	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	240
[1929]	241	CONTAINS
[1359]	242
[1682]	243	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	244	! Description:
	245	! ------------
	246	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	247	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	248	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	249
	250	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	251	ONLY: init_kernels
	252
[1]	253	IMPLICIT NONE
	254
[1682]	255	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	256	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	257	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	258
[2312]	259	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	260	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	261	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	262	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	263	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	264
[1359]	265
[1]	266	!
[150]	267	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	268	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	269	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	270	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	271	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	272	ENDIF
	273
[1359]	274	!
	275	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	276
[1359]	277	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	278	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	279	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	280	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	281	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	282	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	283	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	284	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	285	!
[1]	286	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	287	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	288	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	289	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	290	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	291	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	292	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	293	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	294	ENDIF
[2232]	295	!
	296	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	297	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	298	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	299	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	300	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	301	'with particles'
[2232]	302	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	303
[2312]	304	ENDIF
[2232]	305
[1]	306	!
	307	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	308	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	309	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	310	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	311	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	312	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	313	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	314
[1359]	315	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	316	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	317	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	318
[2182]	319	!
	320	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	321	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	322	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	323	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	324	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	325	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	326	!
[2312]	327	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	328	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	329	div = 1000.0_wp
	330	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	331	div = div / 10.0_wp
	332	ENDDO
	333	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	334	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	335	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	336
	337	ENDIF
	338
[1]	339	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	340	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	341	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	342	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	343	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	344	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	345	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	346	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	347	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	348	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	349	ENDDO
	350
	351	!
[2312]	352	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	353	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	354	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	355	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	356	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	357	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	358
[2312]	359	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	360	ENDIF
	361
	362	!
[2312]	363	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	364	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	365	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	366	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	367	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	368	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	369	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	370	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	371
	372	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	373	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	374
	375	!
	376	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	377	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	378	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	379	!-- negligible.
[2232]	380	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	381	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	382	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	383
[1320]	384	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	385	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	386	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	387	#else
	388	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	389	#endif
[1314]	390
	391	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	392	!
	393	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	394	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	395	!
	396	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	397	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	398	!
	399	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	400	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	401	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	402
	403	height_p = height_p + height_int
	404	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	405
	406	ENDDO
	407
	408	ENDIF
	409
	410	!
[1359]	411	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	412	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	413
[1359]	414	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	415	ibc_par_b = 1
	416
	417	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	418	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	419
[1359]	420	CASE DEFAULT
	421	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	422	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	423	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	424
[1359]	425	END SELECT
	426	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	427
[1359]	428	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	429	ibc_par_t = 1
	430
	431	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	432	ibc_par_t = 2
[2312]	433
[1359]	434	CASE DEFAULT
	435	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	436	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	437	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	438
[1359]	439	END SELECT
	440	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	441
	442	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	443	ibc_par_lr = 0
	444
	445	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	446	ibc_par_lr = 1
	447
	448	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	449	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2312]	450
[1359]	451	CASE DEFAULT
	452	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	453	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	454	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	455
[1359]	456	END SELECT
	457	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	458
	459	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	460	ibc_par_ns = 0
	461
	462	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	463	ibc_par_ns = 1
	464
	465	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	466	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2312]	467
[1359]	468	CASE DEFAULT
	469	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	470	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	471	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	472
[1359]	473	END SELECT
[2263]	474	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	475
[2263]	476	CASE ( 'const' )
	477	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	478
[2263]	479	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	480	i_splitting_mode = 2
	481
	482	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	483	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	484
[2263]	485	CASE DEFAULT
	486	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	487	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	488	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	489
[2263]	490	END SELECT
	491	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	492
[2263]	493	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	494	isf = 1
	495
	496	CASE ( 'log' )
	497	isf = 2
	498
	499	CASE ( 'exp' )
	500	isf = 3
[2312]	501
[2263]	502	CASE DEFAULT
	503	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	504	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	505	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	506
[2263]	507	END SELECT
	508
[2312]	509
[1359]	510	!
[828]	511	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	512	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	513
	514	!
[1]	515	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	516	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	517	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	518	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	519
[849]	520	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	521
	522	ELSE
	523
	524	!
	525	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	526	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	527	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	528	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	529
[1359]	530	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	531
	532	sort_count = 0
[1359]	533	prt_count = 0
[792]	534
[1]	535	!
[2312]	536	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	537	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	538
	539	!
[1]	540	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	541	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	542	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	543	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	544	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	545	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	546	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	547	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	548
[1359]	549	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	550
	551	!
	552	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	553	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	554	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	555	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	556	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	557	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	558	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	559	ENDIF
[1359]	560	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	561	ENDDO
	562
	563	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	564	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	565	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	566	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	567	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	568	ENDIF
	569	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	570	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	571	ENDDO
	572
	573	!
[1359]	574	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	575	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	576	!-- different on the different PEs.
	577	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	578
[1725]	579	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	580	!
	581	!-- User modification of initial particles
	582	CALL user_lpm_init
	583
	584	!
	585	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	586	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	587	CALL check_open( 80 )
	588	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	589	number_of_particles
[1359]	590	CALL close_file( 80 )
	591	ENDIF
	592
	593	ENDIF
	594
	595	!
[2312]	596	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	597	!-- first grid cell
	598	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	599	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	600	!
	601	!-- Formats
	602	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	603
	604	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	605
[1682]	606	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	607	! Description:
	608	! ------------
	609	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	610	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	611	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	612
	613	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	614	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	615
	616	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	617	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	618
[1871]	619	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	620	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	621
[1359]	622	IMPLICIT NONE
	623
[1929]	624	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	625	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	626	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	627	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	628	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	629	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	630	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	631	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	632	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	633	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	634	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	635
[1929]	636	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	637
[1929]	638	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	639	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	640
[1929]	641	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	642
[2312]	643	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	644	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	645	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	646	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	647
[1929]	648	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	649
	650	!
	651	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	652	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	653	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	654	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	655	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	656	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	657	ELSE
	658	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	659	ENDIF
	660
[2182]	661	!
	662	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	663	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	664	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	665	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	666	END IF
	667
[1]	668	n = 0
	669	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	670
	671	pos_z = psb(i)
	672
	673	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	674
[2223]	675	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	676
	677
[2223]	678	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	679
[2223]	680	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	681
[2223]	682	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	683	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	684
[2223]	685	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	686
[2223]	687	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	688
[2312]	689	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
[2223]	690	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
	691
	692	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	693
[2305]	694
[2223]	695	n = n + 1
	696	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	697	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	698	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	699	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	700	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	701	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	702	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	703	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	704	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	705	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	706	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	707	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	708	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	709	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	710	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	711	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	712	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	713	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	714	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	715	ELSE
	716	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	717	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	718	ENDIF
[2223]	719	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	720	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	721	tmp_particle%class = 1
	722	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	723	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	724	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	725	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	726	!
[2223]	727	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2232]	728	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[2223]	729	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	730	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	731	!
	732	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	733	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2346]	734	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	735
[2223]	736	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	737	!
[2223]	738	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	739	kp = kp + k_surf
	740	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	741	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	742	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	743	!-- of overhanging structures.
	744	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	745	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	746	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	747	CYCLE xloop
	748	ENDIF
[2232]	749	!
[2312]	750	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	751	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	752	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	753	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	754	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	755	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	756	THEN
[1575]	757	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	758	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	759	ENDIF
	760
[2223]	761	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	762
[2223]	763	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	764	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	765	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	766	ENDIF
	767	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	768	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	769	ENDIF
	770	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	771
[1359]	772	ENDIF
[2223]	773	ENDDO
[1929]	774
[2223]	775	ENDIF
[1]	776
[2223]	777	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	778
[2223]	779	ENDDO xloop
[1]	780
[2223]	781	ENDIF
[1]	782
[2223]	783	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	784
[2223]	785	ENDDO
[1]	786
[2223]	787	ENDIF
[1]	788
	789	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	790
	791	ENDDO
	792
	793	ENDDO
	794
[1359]	795	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	796	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	797	DO jp = nys, nyn
	798	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	799	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	800	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	801	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	802	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	803	min_nr_particle )
	804	ELSE
	805	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	806	ENDIF
	807	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	808	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	809	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	810	ENDDO
	811	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	812	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	813	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	814	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	815	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	816	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	817	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	818	ENDIF
	819	ENDIF
	820	ENDIF
	821	ENDDO
	822	ENDDO
	823	ENDDO
	824	ENDIF
[1929]	825
[1359]	826	ENDDO
[1]	827
[2182]	828
	829
[1359]	830	local_start = prt_count+1
	831	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	832
[1]	833	!
[2122]	834	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	835	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	836	DO jp = nys, nyn
	837	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	838	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	839	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	840	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	841
[2312]	842	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	843
[2305]	844	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	845	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	846	!
	847	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	848	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	849	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	850
	851	ENDDO
	852
	853	ENDDO
	854	ENDDO
	855	ENDDO
	856
	857	!
[1871]	858	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	859	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	860	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	861	ENDIF
	862
	863	!
[1929]	864	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	865	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	866	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	867	DO jp = nys, nyn
	868	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	869	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	870	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	871	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	872	!
[2312]	873	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	874	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	875	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	876	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	877	!-- respectively.
[1929]	878	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	879	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	880	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	881	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	882	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	883	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	884	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	885	)
[1359]	886	ENDIF
	887	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	888	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	889	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	890	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	891	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	892	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	893	)
[1359]	894	ENDIF
	895	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	896	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	897	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	898	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	899	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	900	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	901	)
[1359]	902	ENDIF
	903	ENDDO
[1]	904	!
[1929]	905	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	906	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	907	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	908	!
	909	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	910	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	911	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	912	particles => &
	913	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	914	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	915	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	916	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2232]	917	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	918	!
	919	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	920	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	921	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	922	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	923	ENDIF
[2232]	924
[1929]	925	ENDDO
[1359]	926	ENDDO
	927	ENDDO
	928	ENDDO
[1]	929	!
[1359]	930	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	931	CALL lpm_move_particle
	932	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	933
[1359]	934	ENDIF
[1]	935	!
[2312]	936	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	937	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	938	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	939	!-- position.
	940	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	941
	942	!
[2265]	943	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	944	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	945	DO jp = nys, nyn
	946	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	947	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	948	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	949	ENDDO
[1359]	950	ENDDO
	951	ENDDO
[1]	952	!
[1822]	953	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	954	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	955	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	956	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	957	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	958	#else
[1359]	959	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	960	#endif
	961
[1359]	962	RETURN
[1]	963
[1359]	964	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	965
[1871]	966	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	967
	968	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	969	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	970
	971	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2122]	972	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
[1871]	973
	974	USE constants, &
	975	ONLY: pi
	976
	977	USE kinds
	978
	979	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	980	ONLY: aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	981	molecular_weight_of_water, na, rho_s, rm, vanthoff
[1871]	982
	983	IMPLICIT NONE
	984
[2122]	985	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	986	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	987	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	988	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	989	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	990	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	991	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	992	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	993	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	994	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	995	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	996	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	997
[1890]	998	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	999
	1000	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1001	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1002	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1003	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1004
	1005	!
[2312]	1006	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1007	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1008	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1009	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1010	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1011	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1012	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1013	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1014	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1015	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1016	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1017	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1018	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1019	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1020	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1021	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1022	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1023	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1024	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1025	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1026	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1027	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1028	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1029	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1030	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1031	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1032	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1033	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1034	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1035	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1036	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1037	CONTINUE
	1038	ELSE
	1039	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1040	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1041	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1042	ENDIF
	1043
	1044	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1045	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1046	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1047
	1048	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1049	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1050	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1051
	1052	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1053	!
	1054	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1055	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1056	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1057	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1058
[2312]	1059	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1060	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1061	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1062
[2312]	1063	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1064	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1065	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1066	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1067	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1068	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1069	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1070	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1071	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1072
[2312]	1073	!
	1074	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1075	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1076	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1077
[2312]	1078	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1079	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1080	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1081	ELSE
	1082	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1083	ENDIF
	1084	!
[2312]	1085	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1086	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1087
[2312]	1088	ENDDO
[1871]	1089	!
	1090	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1091	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1092	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1093	!-- the simulation.
	1094	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1095
	1096	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1097	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1098
[2122]	1099	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1100	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1101
	1102	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1103	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1104	!
[2312]	1105	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1106	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1107	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1108
[2312]	1109	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1110	!
[2312]	1111	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1112	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1113	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1114	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1115	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1116	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1117	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1118	)
[1871]	1119
[2122]	1120	ENDDO
[1871]	1121
	1122	ENDDO
	1123	ENDDO
	1124	ENDDO
	1125
	1126	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1127
[1359]	1128	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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