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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2307

Last change on this file since 2307 was 2305, checked in by hoffmann, 7 years ago
Improved calculation of particle IDs.
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 47.6 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[1930]	22	!
[2224]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z suehring $
[2305]	27	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
	28	!
	29	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	30	! Changed error messages
	31	!
	32	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	33	! Unused variables removed.
	34	!
	35	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	36	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
	37	!
	38	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	39	!
[2233]	40	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	41	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
	42	!
	43	!
[2224]	44	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	45	! Add check for particle release at model top
	46	!
[2183]	47	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	48	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	49	!
[2123]	50	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
	51	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
	52	! Calculation of particle ID
	53	!
[2001]	54	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	55	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	56	!
[1930]	57	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[1929]	58	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
	59	! seed_follows_topography.
	60	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
	61	! than one grid length.
	62	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	63	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	64	!
[1891]	65	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
	66	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
	67	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	68	! initialization.
	69	!
[1874]	70	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	71	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[1874]	72	!
[1872]	73	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	74	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	75	!
[1851]	76	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	77	! Module renamed
	78	!
[1832]	79	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	80	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	81	!
[1823]	82	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	83	! Unused variables removed.
	84	!
[1784]	85	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	86	! netcdf module added
	87	!
[1726]	88	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	89	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
	90	! used.
	91	!
[1692]	92	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	93	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	94	!
[1686]	95	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	96	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	97	!
[1683]	98	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	99	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	100	!
[1576]	101	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	102	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	103	!
[1360]	104	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
	105	! New particle structure integrated.
	106	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	107	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
	108	!
[1329]	109	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	110	! -netcdf_output
	111	!
[1323]	112	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	113	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	114	!
[1321]	115	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	116	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	117	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	118	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	119	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	120	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	121	! all variable declaration statements
	122	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	123	!
[1315]	124	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
	125	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
	126	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	127	!
[1093]	128	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	129	! unused variables removed
	130	!
[1037]	131	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	132	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	133	!
[850]	134	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	135	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	136	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	137	! advec_particles),
	138	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	139	!
[829]	140	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	141	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	142	!
[826]	143	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	144	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	145	! array particles implemented as pointer
	146	!
[668]	147	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
	148	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
	149	! of arrays.
	150	!
[1]	151	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	152	! Initial revision
	153	!
	154	!
	155	! Description:
	156	! ------------
[1682]	157	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	158	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	159	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	160	MODULE lpm_init_mod
	161
[2305]	162	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	163
[1320]	164	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	165	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	166
	167	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	168	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[1783]	169	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
[1320]	170
	171	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	172	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	173
	174	USE indices, &
[1575]	175	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2232]	176	nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	177
	178	USE kinds
	179
	180	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	181	ONLY: init_kernels
	182
[1783]	183	USE netcdf_interface, &
	184	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	185
[1320]	186	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	187	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	188	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	189	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	190	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	191	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	192	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	193	number_concentration, &
[2265]	194	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	195	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	196	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	197	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	198	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2265]	199	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	200	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
	201	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	202	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	203	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	204	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	205
[1]	206	USE pegrid
	207
[1320]	208	USE random_function_mod, &
	209	ONLY: random_function
[1]	210
[2232]	211	USE surface_mod, &
	212	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
	213
[1359]	214	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	215
[1359]	216	PRIVATE
	217
[1682]	218	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	219	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	220
	221	INTERFACE lpm_init
	222	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	223	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	224
	225	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	226	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	227	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	228
	229	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	230
[1929]	231	CONTAINS
[1359]	232
[1682]	233	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	234	! Description:
	235	! ------------
	236	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	237	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	238	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	239
	240	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	241	ONLY: init_kernels
	242
[1]	243	IMPLICIT NONE
	244
[1682]	245	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	246	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	247	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	248
[2182]	249	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	250	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	251	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	253	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	254
[1359]	255
[1]	256	!
[150]	257	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	258	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	259	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	260	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	261	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	262	ENDIF
	263
[1359]	264	!
	265	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	266
[1359]	267	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	268	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	269	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	270	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	271	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	272	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	273	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	274	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	275	!
[1]	276	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	277	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	278	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	279	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	280	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	281	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	282	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	283	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	284	ENDIF
[2232]	285	!
	286	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	287	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
	288	!-- propably (not realized so far).
	289	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2274]	290	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
[2232]	291	'with particles'
	292	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	293
[2232]	294	ENDIF
	295
[1]	296	!
	297	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	298	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	299	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	300	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	301	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	302	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	303	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	304
[1359]	305	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	306	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	307	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	308
[2182]	309	!
	310	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	311	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
	312	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
	313	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
	314	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
	315	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	316	!
	317	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
	318	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	319	div = 1000.0_wp
	320	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	321	div = div / 10.0_wp
	322	ENDDO
	323	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	324	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	325	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	326
	327	ENDIF
	328
[1]	329	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	330	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	331	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	332	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	333	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	334	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	335	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	336	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	337	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	338	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	339	ENDDO
	340
	341	!
[1929]	342	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
	343	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	344	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	345	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	346	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	347	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	348
	349	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	350	ENDIF
	351
	352	!
[1314]	353	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
	354	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
	355	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	356	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	357	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
	358	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	359	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	360	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[1314]	361
	362	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	363	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	364
	365	!
	366	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
	367	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	368	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	369	!-- negligible.
[2232]	370	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	371	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	372	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	373
[1320]	374	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	375	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	376	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	377	#else
	378	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	379	#endif
[1314]	380
	381	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	382	!
	383	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	384	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	385	!
	386	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	387	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	388	!
	389	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	390	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	391	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	392
	393	height_p = height_p + height_int
	394	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	395
	396	ENDDO
	397
	398	ENDIF
	399
	400	!
[1359]	401	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	402	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
	403
	404	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	405	ibc_par_b = 1
	406
	407	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	408	ibc_par_b = 2
	409
	410	CASE DEFAULT
	411	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	412	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	413	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	414
	415	END SELECT
	416	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
	417
	418	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	419	ibc_par_t = 1
	420
	421	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	422	ibc_par_t = 2
	423
	424	CASE DEFAULT
	425	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	426	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	427	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	428
	429	END SELECT
	430	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	431
	432	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	433	ibc_par_lr = 0
	434
	435	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	436	ibc_par_lr = 1
	437
	438	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	439	ibc_par_lr = 2
	440
	441	CASE DEFAULT
	442	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	443	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	444	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	445
	446	END SELECT
	447	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	448
	449	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	450	ibc_par_ns = 0
	451
	452	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	453	ibc_par_ns = 1
	454
	455	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	456	ibc_par_ns = 2
	457
	458	CASE DEFAULT
	459	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	460	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	461	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	462
	463	END SELECT
[2263]	464	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
	465
	466	CASE ( 'const' )
	467	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	468
[2263]	469	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	470	i_splitting_mode = 2
	471
	472	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	473	i_splitting_mode = 3
	474
	475	CASE DEFAULT
	476	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	477	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	478	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	479
	480	END SELECT
	481	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
	482
	483	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	484	isf = 1
	485
	486	CASE ( 'log' )
	487	isf = 2
	488
	489	CASE ( 'exp' )
	490	isf = 3
	491
	492	CASE DEFAULT
	493	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	494	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	495	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	496
	497	END SELECT
	498
	499
[1359]	500	!
[828]	501	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	502	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	503
	504	!
[1]	505	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	506	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	507	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	508	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	509
[849]	510	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	511
	512	ELSE
	513
	514	!
	515	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	516	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	517	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	518	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	519
[1359]	520	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	521
	522	sort_count = 0
[1359]	523	prt_count = 0
[792]	524
[1]	525	!
[2122]	526	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	527	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	528
	529	!
[1]	530	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	531	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	532	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	533	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	534	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	535	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2122]	536	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	537	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	538
[1359]	539	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	540
	541	!
	542	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	543	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	544	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	545	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	546	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	547	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	548	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	549	ENDIF
[1359]	550	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	551	ENDDO
	552
	553	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	554	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	555	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	556	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	557	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	558	ENDIF
	559	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	560	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	561	ENDDO
	562
	563	!
[1359]	564	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	565	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	566	!-- different on the different PEs.
	567	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	568
[1725]	569	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	570	!
	571	!-- User modification of initial particles
	572	CALL user_lpm_init
	573
	574	!
	575	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	576	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	577	CALL check_open( 80 )
	578	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2265]	579	number_of_particles
[1359]	580	CALL close_file( 80 )
	581	ENDIF
	582
	583	ENDIF
	584
	585	!
	586	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
	587	!-- first grid cell
	588	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	589	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	590	!
	591	!-- Formats
	592	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	593
	594	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	595
[1682]	596	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	597	! Description:
	598	! ------------
	599	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	601	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	602
	603	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	604	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	605
	606	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	607	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	608
[1871]	609	USE particle_attributes, &
[1929]	610	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
[1871]	611
[1359]	612	IMPLICIT NONE
	613
[1929]	614	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	615	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	616	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	617	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	618	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	619	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	620	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	621	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	622	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	623	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	624	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	625
[1929]	626	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	627
[1929]	628	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	629	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	630
[1929]	631	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	632
[1929]	633	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	634	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	635	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
	636	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	637
[1929]	638	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	639
	640	!
	641	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	642	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	643	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	644	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	645	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	646	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	647	ELSE
	648	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	649	ENDIF
	650
[2182]	651	!
	652	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	653	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	654	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	655	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
	656	END IF
	657
[1]	658	n = 0
	659	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	660
	661	pos_z = psb(i)
	662
	663	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	664
[2223]	665	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	666
	667
[2223]	668	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	669
[2223]	670	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	671
[2223]	672	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	673	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	674
[2223]	675	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	676
[2223]	677	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	678
[2223]	679	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
	680	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
	681
	682	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	683
[2305]	684
[2223]	685	n = n + 1
	686	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	687	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	688	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	689	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	690	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	691	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	692	tmp_particle%user = 0.0_wp !unused, free for the user
	693	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
	694	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[824]	695	!
[2223]	696	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
	697	!-- for Rosenbrock method
	698	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
	699	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
	700	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused in this configuration
	701	ELSE
[824]	702	!
[2223]	703	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
	704	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	705	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	706	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
	707	ENDIF
	708	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	709	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	710	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	711	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	712	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	713	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
	714	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	715	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	716	tmp_particle%class = 1
	717	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	718	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	719	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	720	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	721	!
[2223]	722	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2232]	723	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[2223]	724	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	725	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	726	!
	727	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
	728	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid. MAXLOC will return
	729	!-- the index of the lowest upward-facing wall.
	730	k_surf = MAXLOC( &
	731	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	732	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzb_max,jp,ip), 18 )&
	733	), DIM = 1 &
	734	) - 1
[1]	735
[2223]	736	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	737	!
[2223]	738	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	739	kp = kp + k_surf
	740	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	741	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	742	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	743	!-- of overhanging structures.
	744	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	745	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	746	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	747	CYCLE xloop
	748	ENDIF
[2232]	749	!
	750	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	751	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	752	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	753	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	754	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	755	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	756	THEN
[1575]	757	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2223]	758	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	759	ENDIF
	760
[2223]	761	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	762
[2223]	763	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	764	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	765	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	766	ENDIF
	767	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	768	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	769	ENDIF
	770	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	771
[1359]	772	ENDIF
[2223]	773	ENDDO
[1929]	774
[2223]	775	ENDIF
[1]	776
[2223]	777	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	778
[2223]	779	ENDDO xloop
[1]	780
[2223]	781	ENDIF
[1]	782
[2223]	783	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	784
[2223]	785	ENDDO
[1]	786
[2223]	787	ENDIF
[1]	788
	789	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	790
	791	ENDDO
	792
	793	ENDDO
	794
[1359]	795	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	796	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	797	DO jp = nys, nyn
	798	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	799	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	800	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	801	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	802	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	803	min_nr_particle )
	804	ELSE
	805	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	806	ENDIF
	807	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	808	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	809	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	810	ENDDO
	811	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	812	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	813	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	814	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	815	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	816	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	817	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	818	ENDIF
	819	ENDIF
	820	ENDIF
	821	ENDDO
	822	ENDDO
	823	ENDDO
	824	ENDIF
[1929]	825
[1359]	826	ENDDO
[1]	827
[2182]	828
	829
[1359]	830	local_start = prt_count+1
	831	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	832
[1]	833	!
[2122]	834	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	835	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	836	DO jp = nys, nyn
	837	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	838	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	839	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	840	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	841
	842	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	843
[2305]	844	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	845	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	846	!
	847	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	848	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	849	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	850
	851	ENDDO
	852
	853	ENDDO
	854	ENDDO
	855	ENDDO
	856
	857	!
[1871]	858	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
	859	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
	860	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	861	ENDIF
	862
	863	!
[1929]	864	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	865	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	866	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	867	DO jp = nys, nyn
	868	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	869	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	870	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	871	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	872	!
	873	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	874	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	875	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	876	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	877	!-- respectively.
	878	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	879	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	880	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	881	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	882	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	883	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	884	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
	885	)
[1359]	886	ENDIF
	887	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	888	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	889	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	890	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	891	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	892	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
	893	)
[1359]	894	ENDIF
	895	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	896	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	897	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	898	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	899	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	900	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
	901	)
[1359]	902	ENDIF
	903	ENDDO
[1]	904	!
[1929]	905	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	906	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	907	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	908	!
	909	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
	910	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
	911	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	912	particles => &
	913	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	914	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	915	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	916	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2232]	917	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	918	!
	919	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	920	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	921	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	922	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	923	ENDIF
[2232]	924
[1929]	925	ENDDO
[1359]	926	ENDDO
	927	ENDDO
	928	ENDDO
[1]	929	!
[1359]	930	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	931	CALL lpm_move_particle
	932	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	933
[1359]	934	ENDIF
[1]	935	!
[1359]	936	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	937	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	938	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
	939	!-- position.
	940	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	941
	942	!
[2265]	943	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	944	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	945	DO jp = nys, nyn
	946	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	947	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	948	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	949	ENDDO
[1359]	950	ENDDO
	951	ENDDO
[1]	952	!
[1822]	953	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	954	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	955	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	956	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	957	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	958	#else
[1359]	959	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	960	#endif
	961
[1359]	962	RETURN
[1]	963
[1359]	964	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	965
[1871]	966	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	967
	968	USE arrays_3d, &
	969	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
	970
	971	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2122]	972	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
[1871]	973
	974	USE constants, &
	975	ONLY: pi
	976
	977	USE kinds
	978
	979	USE particle_attributes, &
	980	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	981	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
	982	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
	983
	984	IMPLICIT NONE
	985
	986	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
	987	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
	988
[2122]	989	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	990	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
	991	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
	992	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	993	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
	994	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
	995	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
	996	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	997	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	998	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
	999	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
[2122]	1000	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1001	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1002	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
	1003
[1890]	1004	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1005
	1006	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1007	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
	1008	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
	1009	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1010	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1011	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1012
	1013	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
	1014
	1015	!
	1016	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
	1017	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1018	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	1019	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1020	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1021	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1022
	1023	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
	1024	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1025	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1026	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1027	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
	1028	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
	1029	) )
	1030	ENDIF
	1031	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1032	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1033	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
	1034	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
	1035	) )
	1036	ENDIF
	1037	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1038	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1039	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
	1040	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
	1041	) )
	1042	ENDIF
	1043
	1044	ENDDO
	1045	ENDIF
	1046
	1047	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1048	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1049	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1050
	1051	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1052	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1053	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	1054	!
	1055	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
	1056	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
	1057	!-- weighting factor
	1058	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1059
	1060	new_pdf = .FALSE.
	1061	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
	1062	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1063	ELSE
	1064	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
	1065	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
	1066	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1067	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1068	ENDIF
	1069	ENDIF
	1070
	1071	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
	1072
	1073	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1074	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	1075
	1076	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1077	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1078	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
	1079	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1080	ENDDO
	1081
	1082	ENDIF
	1083
	1084	!
	1085	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
	1086	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	1087
	1088	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1089
	1090	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
	1091	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
	1092
	1093	pdf = 0.0_wp
	1094	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1095	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1096	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
	1097	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1098	) * &
	1099	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
	1100	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
	1101	) &
	1102	)
	1103	ENDIF
	1104	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1105	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
	1106	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1107	) * &
	1108	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
	1109	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
	1110	) &
	1111	)
	1112	ENDIF
	1113	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1114	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
	1115	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1116	) * &
	1117	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
	1118	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
	1119	) &
	1120	)
	1121	ENDIF
	1122
	1123	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
	1124	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
	1125
	1126	END DO
	1127	!
	1128	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
	1129	!-- in every grid box
	1130	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
	1131
	1132	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
	1133	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
	1134	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
	1135
	1136	ENDIF
	1137	!
	1138	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
	1139	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
	1140	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1141
	1142	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1143
	1144	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
	1145	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
	1146	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
	1147	ENDDO
	1148	!
	1149	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
	1150	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
	1151	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
	1152	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
	1153	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
	1154	EXIT
	1155	ENDIF
	1156	ENDDO
	1157
	1158	ENDDO
	1159
	1160	ENDIF
	1161
	1162	!
	1163	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1164	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
	1165	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
	1166	!-- the simulation.
	1167	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1168
	1169	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1170	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1171
[2122]	1172	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1173	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1174
	1175	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1176	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1177	!
[1890]	1178	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1179	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1180	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1181
[2122]	1182	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1183	!
	1184	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1185	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
	1186	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1187	particles(n)%rvar2 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
	1188	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1189	particles(n)%rvar2 ) ) / &
	1190	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1191	)
[1871]	1192
[2122]	1193	ENDDO
[1871]	1194
	1195	ENDDO
	1196	ENDDO
	1197	ENDDO
	1198	!
	1199	!-- Deallocate used arrays
	1200	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1201	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
	1202
	1203	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1204
[1359]	1205	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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