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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2271

Last change on this file since 2271 was 2265, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
unused variables removed
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 48.1 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[1930]	22	!
[2224]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z sward $
[2265]	27	! Unused variables removed.
	28	!
	29	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	30	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
	31	!
	32	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	33	!
[2233]	34	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	35	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
	36	!
	37	!
[2224]	38	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	39	! Add check for particle release at model top
	40	!
[2183]	41	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	42	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
	43	!
[2123]	44	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
	45	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
	46	! Calculation of particle ID
	47	!
[2001]	48	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	49	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	50	!
[1930]	51	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[1929]	52	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
	53	! seed_follows_topography.
	54	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
	55	! than one grid length.
	56	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	57	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	58	!
[1891]	59	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
	60	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
	61	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	62	! initialization.
	63	!
[1874]	64	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	65	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[1874]	66	!
[1872]	67	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	68	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	69	!
[1851]	70	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	71	! Module renamed
	72	!
[1832]	73	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	74	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	75	!
[1823]	76	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	77	! Unused variables removed.
	78	!
[1784]	79	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	80	! netcdf module added
	81	!
[1726]	82	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	83	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
	84	! used.
	85	!
[1692]	86	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	87	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	88	!
[1686]	89	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	90	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	91	!
[1683]	92	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	93	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	94	!
[1576]	95	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	96	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	97	!
[1360]	98	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
	99	! New particle structure integrated.
	100	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	101	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
	102	!
[1329]	103	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	104	! -netcdf_output
	105	!
[1323]	106	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	107	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	108	!
[1321]	109	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	110	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	111	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	112	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	113	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	114	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	115	! all variable declaration statements
	116	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	117	!
[1315]	118	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
	119	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
	120	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	121	!
[1093]	122	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	123	! unused variables removed
	124	!
[1037]	125	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	126	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	127	!
[850]	128	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	129	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	130	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	131	! advec_particles),
	132	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	133	!
[829]	134	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	135	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	136	!
[826]	137	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	138	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	139	! array particles implemented as pointer
	140	!
[668]	141	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
	142	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
	143	! of arrays.
	144	!
[1]	145	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	146	! Initial revision
	147	!
	148	!
	149	! Description:
	150	! ------------
[1682]	151	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	152	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	154	MODULE lpm_init_mod
	155
[1]	156
[1320]	157	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	158	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	159
	160	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	161	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[1783]	162	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
[1320]	163
	164	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	165	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	166
	167	USE indices, &
[1575]	168	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2232]	169	nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	170
	171	USE kinds
	172
	173	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	174	ONLY: init_kernels
	175
[1783]	176	USE netcdf_interface, &
	177	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	178
[1320]	179	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	180	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	181	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	182	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	183	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	184	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	185	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
	186	mpi_particle_type, number_concentration, &
	187	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	188	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	189	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	190	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	191	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2265]	192	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	193	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
	194	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	195	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	196	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	197	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	198
[1]	199	USE pegrid
	200
[1320]	201	USE random_function_mod, &
	202	ONLY: random_function
[1]	203
[2232]	204	USE surface_mod, &
	205	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
	206
[1359]	207	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	208
[1359]	209	PRIVATE
	210
[1682]	211	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	212	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	213
	214	INTERFACE lpm_init
	215	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	216	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	217
	218	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	219	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	220	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	221
	222	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	223
[1929]	224	CONTAINS
[1359]	225
[1682]	226	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	227	! Description:
	228	! ------------
	229	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	230	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	231	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	232
	233	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	234	ONLY: init_kernels
	235
[1]	236	IMPLICIT NONE
	237
[1682]	238	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	239	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	240	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	241
[1]	242	#if defined( __parallel )
[1682]	243	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
	244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
	245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
[1]	246	#endif
	247
[2182]	248	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	249	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	250	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	251	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	253
	254	#if defined( __parallel )
	255	!
	256	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
[82]	257	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
[1359]	258	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
	259	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
	260
[1]	261	types(1) = MPI_REAL
	262	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
	263	types(3) = MPI_UB
	264	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
	265	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	266	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	267	#endif
	268
	269	!
[150]	270	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	271	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	272	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	273	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	274	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	275	ENDIF
	276
[1359]	277	!
	278	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	279
[1359]	280	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	281	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	282	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	283	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	284	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	285	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	286	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	287	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	288	!
[1]	289	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	290	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	291	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	292	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	293	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	294	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	295	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	296	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	297	ENDIF
[2232]	298	!
	299	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	300	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
	301	!-- propably (not realized so far).
	302	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	303	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topograpyh do not work '// &
	304	'with particles'
	305	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	306
[2232]	307	ENDIF
	308
[1]	309	!
	310	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	311	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	312	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	313	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	314	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	315	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	316	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	317
[1359]	318	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	319	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	320	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	321
[2182]	322	!
	323	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	324	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
	325	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
	326	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
	327	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
	328	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	329	!
	330	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
	331	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	332	div = 1000.0_wp
	333	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	334	div = div / 10.0_wp
	335	ENDDO
	336	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	337	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	338	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	339
	340	ENDIF
	341
[1]	342	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	343	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	344	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	345	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	346	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	347	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	348	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	349	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	350	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	351	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	352	ENDDO
	353
	354	!
[1929]	355	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
	356	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	357	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	358	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	359	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	360	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	361
	362	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	363	ENDIF
	364
	365	!
[1314]	366	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
	367	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
	368	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	369	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	370	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
	371	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	372	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	373	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[1314]	374
	375	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	376	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	377
	378	!
	379	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
	380	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	381	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	382	!-- negligible.
[2232]	383	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	384	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	385	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	386
[1320]	387	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	388	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	389	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	390	#else
	391	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	392	#endif
[1314]	393
	394	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	395	!
	396	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	397	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	398	!
	399	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	400	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	401	!
	402	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	403	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	404	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	405
	406	height_p = height_p + height_int
	407	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	408
	409	ENDDO
	410
	411	ENDIF
	412
	413	!
[1359]	414	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	415	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
	416
	417	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	418	ibc_par_b = 1
	419
	420	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	421	ibc_par_b = 2
	422
	423	CASE DEFAULT
	424	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	425	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	426	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	427
	428	END SELECT
	429	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
	430
	431	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	432	ibc_par_t = 1
	433
	434	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	435	ibc_par_t = 2
	436
	437	CASE DEFAULT
	438	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	439	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	440	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	441
	442	END SELECT
	443	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	444
	445	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	446	ibc_par_lr = 0
	447
	448	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	449	ibc_par_lr = 1
	450
	451	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	452	ibc_par_lr = 2
	453
	454	CASE DEFAULT
	455	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	456	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	457	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	458
	459	END SELECT
	460	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	461
	462	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	463	ibc_par_ns = 0
	464
	465	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	466	ibc_par_ns = 1
	467
	468	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	469	ibc_par_ns = 2
	470
	471	CASE DEFAULT
	472	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	473	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	474	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	475
	476	END SELECT
[2263]	477	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
	478
	479	CASE ( 'const' )
	480	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	481
[2263]	482	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	483	i_splitting_mode = 2
	484
	485	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	486	i_splitting_mode = 3
	487
	488	CASE DEFAULT
	489	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	490	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	491	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	492
	493	END SELECT
	494	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
	495
	496	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	497	isf = 1
	498
	499	CASE ( 'log' )
	500	isf = 2
	501
	502	CASE ( 'exp' )
	503	isf = 3
	504
	505	CASE DEFAULT
	506	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	507	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	508	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	509
	510	END SELECT
	511
	512
[1359]	513	!
[828]	514	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	515	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	516
	517	!
[1]	518	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	519	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	520	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	521	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	522
[849]	523	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	524
	525	ELSE
	526
	527	!
	528	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	529	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	530	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	531	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	532
[1359]	533	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	534
	535	sort_count = 0
[1359]	536	prt_count = 0
[792]	537
[1]	538	!
[2122]	539	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
	540	grid_particles%id_counter = 0
	541
	542	!
[1]	543	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	544	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	545	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	546	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	547	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	548	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2122]	549	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	550	0, 0, 0, 0, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	551
[1359]	552	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	553
	554	!
	555	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	556	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	557	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	558	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	559	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	560	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	561	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	562	ENDIF
[1359]	563	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	564	ENDDO
	565
	566	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	567	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	568	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	569	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	570	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	571	ENDIF
	572	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	573	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	574	ENDDO
	575
	576	!
[1359]	577	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	578	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	579	!-- different on the different PEs.
	580	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	581
[1725]	582	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	583	!
	584	!-- User modification of initial particles
	585	CALL user_lpm_init
	586
	587	!
	588	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	589	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	590	CALL check_open( 80 )
	591	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2265]	592	number_of_particles
[1359]	593	CALL close_file( 80 )
	594	ENDIF
	595
	596	ENDIF
	597
	598	!
	599	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
	600	!-- first grid cell
	601	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	602	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	603	!
	604	!-- Formats
	605	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	606
	607	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	608
[1682]	609	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	610	! Description:
	611	! ------------
	612	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	614	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	615
	616	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	617	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	618
	619	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	620	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	621
[1871]	622	USE particle_attributes, &
[1929]	623	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
[1871]	624
[1359]	625	IMPLICIT NONE
	626
[1929]	627	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	628	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	629	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	630	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	631	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	632	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	633	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	634	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	635	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	636	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	637	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	638
[1929]	639	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	640
[1929]	641	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	642	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	643
[1929]	644	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	645
[1929]	646	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	647	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	648	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
	649	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	650
[1929]	651	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	652
	653	!
	654	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	655	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	656	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	657	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	658	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	659	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	660	ELSE
	661	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	662	ENDIF
	663
[2182]	664	!
	665	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	666	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	667	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	668	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
	669	END IF
	670
[1]	671	n = 0
	672	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	673
	674	pos_z = psb(i)
	675
	676	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	677
[2223]	678	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	679
	680
[2223]	681	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	682
[2223]	683	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	684
[2223]	685	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	686	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	687
[2223]	688	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	689
[2223]	690	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	691
[2223]	692	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
	693	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
	694
	695	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	696
	697	n = n + 1
	698	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	699	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	700	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	701	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	702	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	703	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	704	tmp_particle%user = 0.0_wp !unused, free for the user
	705	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
	706	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[824]	707	!
[2223]	708	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
	709	!-- for Rosenbrock method
	710	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
	711	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
	712	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused in this configuration
	713	ELSE
[824]	714	!
[2223]	715	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
	716	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	717	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	718	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
	719	ENDIF
	720	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	721	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	722	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	723	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	724	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	725	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
	726	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	727	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	728	tmp_particle%class = 1
	729	tmp_particle%group = i
	730	tmp_particle%id1 = 0
	731	tmp_particle%id2 = 0
	732	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	733	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	734	!
[2223]	735	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2232]	736	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[2223]	737	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	738	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	739	!
	740	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
	741	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid. MAXLOC will return
	742	!-- the index of the lowest upward-facing wall.
	743	k_surf = MAXLOC( &
	744	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	745	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzb_max,jp,ip), 18 )&
	746	), DIM = 1 &
	747	) - 1
[1]	748
[2223]	749	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	750	!
[2223]	751	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	752	kp = kp + k_surf
	753	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	754	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	755	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	756	!-- of overhanging structures.
	757	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	758	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	759	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	760	CYCLE xloop
	761	ENDIF
[2232]	762	!
	763	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	764	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	765	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	766	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	767	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	768	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	769	THEN
[1575]	770	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2223]	771	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	772	ENDIF
	773
[2223]	774	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	775
[2223]	776	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	777	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	778	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	779	ENDIF
	780	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	781	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	782	ENDIF
	783	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	784
[1359]	785	ENDIF
[2223]	786	ENDDO
[1929]	787
[2223]	788	ENDIF
[1]	789
[2223]	790	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	791
[2223]	792	ENDDO xloop
[1]	793
[2223]	794	ENDIF
[1]	795
[2223]	796	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	797
[2223]	798	ENDDO
[1]	799
[2223]	800	ENDIF
[1]	801
	802	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	803
	804	ENDDO
	805
	806	ENDDO
	807
[1359]	808	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	809	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	810	DO jp = nys, nyn
	811	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	812	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	813	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	814	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	815	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	816	min_nr_particle )
	817	ELSE
	818	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	819	ENDIF
	820	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	821	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	822	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	823	ENDDO
	824	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	825	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	826	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	827	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	828	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	829	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	830	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	831	ENDIF
	832	ENDIF
	833	ENDIF
	834	ENDDO
	835	ENDDO
	836	ENDDO
	837	ENDIF
[1929]	838
[1359]	839	ENDDO
[1]	840
[2182]	841
	842
[1359]	843	local_start = prt_count+1
	844	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	845
[1]	846	!
[2122]	847	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	848	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	849	DO jp = nys, nyn
	850	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	851	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	852	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	853	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	854
	855	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	856
[2182]	857	particles(n)%id1 = 10000_iwp * grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + kp
	858	particles(n)%id2 = 10000_iwp * jp + ip
[2122]	859
	860	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	861	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	862
	863	ENDDO
	864
	865	ENDDO
	866	ENDDO
	867	ENDDO
	868
	869	!
[1871]	870	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
	871	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
	872	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	873	ENDIF
	874
	875	!
[1929]	876	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	877	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	878	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	879	DO jp = nys, nyn
	880	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	881	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	882	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	883	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	884	!
	885	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	886	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	887	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	888	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	889	!-- respectively.
	890	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	891	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	892	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	893	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	894	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	895	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	896	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
	897	)
[1359]	898	ENDIF
	899	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	900	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	901	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	902	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	903	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	904	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
	905	)
[1359]	906	ENDIF
	907	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	908	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	909	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	910	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	911	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	912	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
	913	)
[1359]	914	ENDIF
	915	ENDDO
[1]	916	!
[1929]	917	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	918	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	919	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	920	!
	921	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
	922	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
	923	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	924	particles => &
	925	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	926	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	927	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	928	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2232]	929	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	930	!
	931	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	932	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	933	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	934	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	935	ENDIF
[2232]	936
[1929]	937	ENDDO
[1359]	938	ENDDO
	939	ENDDO
	940	ENDDO
[1]	941	!
[1359]	942	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	943	CALL lpm_move_particle
	944	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	945
[1359]	946	ENDIF
[1]	947	!
[1359]	948	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	949	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	950	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
	951	!-- position.
	952	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	953
	954	!
[2265]	955	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	956	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	957	DO jp = nys, nyn
	958	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	959	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	960	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	961	ENDDO
[1359]	962	ENDDO
	963	ENDDO
[1]	964	!
[1822]	965	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	966	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	967	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	968	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	969	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	970	#else
[1359]	971	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	972	#endif
	973
[1359]	974	RETURN
[1]	975
[1359]	976	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	977
[1871]	978	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	979
	980	USE arrays_3d, &
	981	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
	982
	983	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2122]	984	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
[1871]	985
	986	USE constants, &
	987	ONLY: pi
	988
	989	USE kinds
	990
	991	USE particle_attributes, &
	992	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	993	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
	994	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
	995
	996	IMPLICIT NONE
	997
	998	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
	999	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
	1000
[2122]	1001	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1002	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
	1003	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
	1004	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1005	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
	1006	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
	1007	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
	1008	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1009	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1010	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
	1011	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
[2122]	1012	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1013	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1014	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
	1015
[1890]	1016	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1017
	1018	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1019	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
	1020	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
	1021	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1022	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1023	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1024
	1025	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
	1026
	1027	!
	1028	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
	1029	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1030	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	1031	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1032	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1033	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1034
	1035	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
	1036	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1037	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1038	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1039	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
	1040	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
	1041	) )
	1042	ENDIF
	1043	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1044	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1045	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
	1046	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
	1047	) )
	1048	ENDIF
	1049	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1050	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1051	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
	1052	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
	1053	) )
	1054	ENDIF
	1055
	1056	ENDDO
	1057	ENDIF
	1058
	1059	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1060	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1061	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1062
	1063	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1064	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1065	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	1066	!
	1067	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
	1068	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
	1069	!-- weighting factor
	1070	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1071
	1072	new_pdf = .FALSE.
	1073	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
	1074	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1075	ELSE
	1076	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
	1077	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
	1078	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1079	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1080	ENDIF
	1081	ENDIF
	1082
	1083	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
	1084
	1085	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1086	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	1087
	1088	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1089	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1090	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
	1091	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1092	ENDDO
	1093
	1094	ENDIF
	1095
	1096	!
	1097	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
	1098	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	1099
	1100	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1101
	1102	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
	1103	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
	1104
	1105	pdf = 0.0_wp
	1106	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1107	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1108	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
	1109	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1110	) * &
	1111	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
	1112	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
	1113	) &
	1114	)
	1115	ENDIF
	1116	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1117	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
	1118	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1119	) * &
	1120	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
	1121	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
	1122	) &
	1123	)
	1124	ENDIF
	1125	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1126	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
	1127	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1128	) * &
	1129	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
	1130	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
	1131	) &
	1132	)
	1133	ENDIF
	1134
	1135	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
	1136	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
	1137
	1138	END DO
	1139	!
	1140	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
	1141	!-- in every grid box
	1142	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
	1143
	1144	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
	1145	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
	1146	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
	1147
	1148	ENDIF
	1149	!
	1150	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
	1151	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
	1152	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1153
	1154	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1155
	1156	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
	1157	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
	1158	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
	1159	ENDDO
	1160	!
	1161	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
	1162	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
	1163	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
	1164	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
	1165	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
	1166	EXIT
	1167	ENDIF
	1168	ENDDO
	1169
	1170	ENDDO
	1171
	1172	ENDIF
	1173
	1174	!
	1175	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1176	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
	1177	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
	1178	!-- the simulation.
	1179	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1180
	1181	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1182	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1183
[2122]	1184	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1185	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1186
	1187	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1188	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1189	!
[1890]	1190	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1191	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1192	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1193
[2122]	1194	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1195	!
	1196	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1197	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
	1198	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1199	particles(n)%rvar2 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
	1200	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1201	particles(n)%rvar2 ) ) / &
	1202	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1203	)
[1871]	1204
[2122]	1205	ENDDO
[1871]	1206
	1207	ENDDO
	1208	ENDDO
	1209	ENDDO
	1210	!
	1211	!-- Deallocate used arrays
	1212	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1213	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
	1214
	1215	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1216
[1359]	1217	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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