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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2264

Last change on this file since 2264 was 2263, checked in by schwenkel, 8 years ago
Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 48.6 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[1930]	22	!
[2224]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z raasch $
[2263]	27	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
	28	!
	29	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	30	!
[2233]	31	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	32	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
	33	!
	34	!
[2224]	35	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	36	! Add check for particle release at model top
	37	!
[2183]	38	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	39	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
	40	!
[2123]	41	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
	42	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
	43	! Calculation of particle ID
	44	!
[2001]	45	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	46	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	47	!
[1930]	48	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[1929]	49	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
	50	! seed_follows_topography.
	51	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
	52	! than one grid length.
	53	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	54	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	55	!
[1891]	56	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
	57	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
	58	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	59	! initialization.
	60	!
[1874]	61	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	62	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[1874]	63	!
[1872]	64	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	65	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	66	!
[1851]	67	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	68	! Module renamed
	69	!
[1832]	70	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	71	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	72	!
[1823]	73	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	74	! Unused variables removed.
	75	!
[1784]	76	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	77	! netcdf module added
	78	!
[1726]	79	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	80	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
	81	! used.
	82	!
[1692]	83	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	84	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	85	!
[1686]	86	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	87	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	88	!
[1683]	89	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	90	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	91	!
[1576]	92	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	93	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	94	!
[1360]	95	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
	96	! New particle structure integrated.
	97	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	98	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
	99	!
[1329]	100	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	101	! -netcdf_output
	102	!
[1323]	103	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	104	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	105	!
[1321]	106	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	107	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	108	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	109	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	110	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	111	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	112	! all variable declaration statements
	113	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	114	!
[1315]	115	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
	116	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
	117	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	118	!
[1093]	119	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	120	! unused variables removed
	121	!
[1037]	122	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	123	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	124	!
[850]	125	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	126	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	127	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	128	! advec_particles),
	129	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	130	!
[829]	131	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	132	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	133	!
[826]	134	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	135	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	136	! array particles implemented as pointer
	137	!
[668]	138	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
	139	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
	140	! of arrays.
	141	!
[1]	142	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	143	! Initial revision
	144	!
	145	!
	146	! Description:
	147	! ------------
[1682]	148	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	149	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	151	MODULE lpm_init_mod
	152
[1]	153
[1320]	154	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	155	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	156
	157	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	158	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[1783]	159	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
[1320]	160
	161	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	162	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	163
	164	USE indices, &
[1575]	165	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2232]	166	nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	167
	168	USE kinds
	169
	170	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	171	ONLY: init_kernels
	172
[1783]	173	USE netcdf_interface, &
	174	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	175
[1320]	176	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	177	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	178	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[1831]	179	curvature_solution_effects, &
[2263]	180	density_ratio, grid_particles, isf,i_splitting_mode, &
[1359]	181	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
	182	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	183	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
[1822]	184	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
[2182]	185	number_concentration, number_particles_per_gridbox, &
[1822]	186	number_of_particles, &
[1320]	187	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	188	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	189	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	190	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[1822]	191	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
[1359]	192	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
[1320]	193	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
[1929]	194	seed_follows_topography, sgs_wf_part, sort_count, &
[2263]	195	splitting_function, splitting_mode, total_number_of_particles, &
[1822]	196	use_sgs_for_particles, &
[1359]	197	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
	198	z0_av_global
[1320]	199
[1]	200	USE pegrid
	201
[1320]	202	USE random_function_mod, &
	203	ONLY: random_function
[1]	204
[2232]	205	USE surface_mod, &
	206	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
	207
[1359]	208	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	209
[1359]	210	PRIVATE
	211
[1682]	212	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	213	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	214
	215	INTERFACE lpm_init
	216	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	217	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	218
	219	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	220	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	221	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	222
	223	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	224
[1929]	225	CONTAINS
[1359]	226
[1682]	227	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	228	! Description:
	229	! ------------
	230	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	231	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	232	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	233
	234	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	235	ONLY: init_kernels
	236
[1]	237	IMPLICIT NONE
	238
[1682]	239	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	240	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	241	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	242
[1]	243	#if defined( __parallel )
[1682]	244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
	245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
	246	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
[1]	247	#endif
	248
[2182]	249	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	250	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	251	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	253	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	254
	255	#if defined( __parallel )
	256	!
	257	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
[82]	258	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
[1359]	259	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
	260	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
	261
[1]	262	types(1) = MPI_REAL
	263	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
	264	types(3) = MPI_UB
	265	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
	266	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	267	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	268	#endif
	269
	270	!
[150]	271	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	272	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	273	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	274	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	275	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	276	ENDIF
	277
[1359]	278	!
	279	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	280
[1359]	281	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	282	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	283	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	284	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	285	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	286	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	287	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	288	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	289	!
[1]	290	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	291	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	292	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	293	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	294	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	295	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	296	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	297	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	298	ENDIF
[2232]	299	!
	300	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	301	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
	302	!-- propably (not realized so far).
	303	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	304	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topograpyh do not work '// &
	305	'with particles'
	306	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	307
[2232]	308	ENDIF
	309
[1]	310	!
	311	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	312	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	313	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	314	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	315	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	316	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	317	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	318
[1359]	319	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	320	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	321	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	322
[2182]	323	!
	324	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	325	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
	326	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
	327	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
	328	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
	329	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	330	!
	331	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
	332	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	333	div = 1000.0_wp
	334	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	335	div = div / 10.0_wp
	336	ENDDO
	337	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	338	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	339	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	340
	341	ENDIF
	342
[1]	343	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	344	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	345	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	346	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	347	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	348	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	349	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	350	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	351	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	352	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	353	ENDDO
	354
	355	!
[1929]	356	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
	357	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	358	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	359	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	360	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	361	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	362
	363	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	364	ENDIF
	365
	366	!
[1314]	367	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
	368	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
	369	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	370	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	371	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
	372	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	373	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	374	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[1314]	375
	376	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	377	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	378
	379	!
	380	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
	381	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	382	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	383	!-- negligible.
[2232]	384	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	385	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	386	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	387
[1320]	388	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	389	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	390	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	391	#else
	392	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	393	#endif
[1314]	394
	395	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	396	!
	397	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	398	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	399	!
	400	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	401	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	402	!
	403	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	404	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	405	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	406
	407	height_p = height_p + height_int
	408	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	409
	410	ENDDO
	411
	412	ENDIF
	413
	414	!
[1359]	415	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	416	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
	417
	418	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	419	ibc_par_b = 1
	420
	421	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	422	ibc_par_b = 2
	423
	424	CASE DEFAULT
	425	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	426	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	427	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	428
	429	END SELECT
	430	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
	431
	432	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	433	ibc_par_t = 1
	434
	435	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	436	ibc_par_t = 2
	437
	438	CASE DEFAULT
	439	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	440	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	441	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	442
	443	END SELECT
	444	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	445
	446	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	447	ibc_par_lr = 0
	448
	449	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	450	ibc_par_lr = 1
	451
	452	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	453	ibc_par_lr = 2
	454
	455	CASE DEFAULT
	456	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	457	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	458	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	459
	460	END SELECT
	461	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	462
	463	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	464	ibc_par_ns = 0
	465
	466	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	467	ibc_par_ns = 1
	468
	469	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	470	ibc_par_ns = 2
	471
	472	CASE DEFAULT
	473	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	474	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	475	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	476
	477	END SELECT
[2263]	478	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
	479
	480	CASE ( 'const' )
	481	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	482
[2263]	483	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	484	i_splitting_mode = 2
	485
	486	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	487	i_splitting_mode = 3
	488
	489	CASE DEFAULT
	490	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	491	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	492	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	493
	494	END SELECT
	495	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
	496
	497	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	498	isf = 1
	499
	500	CASE ( 'log' )
	501	isf = 2
	502
	503	CASE ( 'exp' )
	504	isf = 3
	505
	506	CASE DEFAULT
	507	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	508	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	509	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	510
	511	END SELECT
	512
	513
[1359]	514	!
[828]	515	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	516	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	517
	518	!
[1]	519	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	520	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	521	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	522	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	523
[849]	524	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	525
	526	ELSE
	527
	528	!
	529	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	530	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	531	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	532	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	533
[1359]	534	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
	535	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	536
	537	sort_count = 0
[1359]	538	prt_count = 0
[792]	539
[1]	540	!
[2122]	541	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
	542	grid_particles%id_counter = 0
	543
	544	!
[1]	545	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	546	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	547	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	548	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	549	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	550	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2122]	551	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	552	0, 0, 0, 0, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	553
[1359]	554	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	555
	556	!
	557	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	558	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	559	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	560	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	561	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	562	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	563	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	564	ENDIF
[1359]	565	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	566	ENDDO
	567
	568	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	569	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	570	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	571	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	572	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	573	ENDIF
	574	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	575	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	576	ENDDO
	577
	578	!
[1359]	579	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	580	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	581	!-- different on the different PEs.
	582	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	583
[1725]	584	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	585	!
	586	!-- User modification of initial particles
	587	CALL user_lpm_init
	588
	589	!
	590	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	591	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	592	CALL check_open( 80 )
	593	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
	594	number_of_particles, &
	595	maximum_number_of_particles
	596	CALL close_file( 80 )
	597	ENDIF
	598
	599	ENDIF
	600
	601	!
	602	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
	603	!-- first grid cell
	604	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	605	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	606	!
	607	!-- Formats
	608	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	609
	610	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	611
[1682]	612	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	613	! Description:
	614	! ------------
	615	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	616	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	617	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	618
	619	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	620	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	621
	622	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	623	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	624
[1871]	625	USE particle_attributes, &
[1929]	626	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
[1871]	627
[1359]	628	IMPLICIT NONE
	629
[1929]	630	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	631	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	632	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	633	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	634	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	635	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	636	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	637	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	638	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	639	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	641
[1929]	642	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	643
[1929]	644	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	645	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	646
[1929]	647	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	648
[1929]	649	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	650	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	651	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
	652	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	653
[1929]	654	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	655
	656	!
	657	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	658	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	659	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	660	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	661	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	662	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	663	ELSE
	664	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	665	ENDIF
	666
[2182]	667	!
	668	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	669	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	670	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	671	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
	672	END IF
	673
[1]	674	n = 0
	675	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	676
	677	pos_z = psb(i)
	678
	679	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	680
[2223]	681	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	682
	683
[2223]	684	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	685
[2223]	686	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	687
[2223]	688	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	689	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	690
[2223]	691	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	692
[2223]	693	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	694
[2223]	695	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
	696	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
	697
	698	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	699
	700	n = n + 1
	701	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	702	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	703	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	704	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	705	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	706	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	707	tmp_particle%user = 0.0_wp !unused, free for the user
	708	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
	709	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[824]	710	!
[2223]	711	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
	712	!-- for Rosenbrock method
	713	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
	714	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
	715	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused in this configuration
	716	ELSE
[824]	717	!
[2223]	718	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
	719	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	720	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	721	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
	722	ENDIF
	723	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	724	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	725	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	726	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	727	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	728	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
	729	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	730	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	731	tmp_particle%class = 1
	732	tmp_particle%group = i
	733	tmp_particle%id1 = 0
	734	tmp_particle%id2 = 0
	735	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	736	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	737	!
[2223]	738	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2232]	739	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[2223]	740	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	741	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	742	!
	743	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
	744	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid. MAXLOC will return
	745	!-- the index of the lowest upward-facing wall.
	746	k_surf = MAXLOC( &
	747	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	748	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzb_max,jp,ip), 18 )&
	749	), DIM = 1 &
	750	) - 1
[1]	751
[2223]	752	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	753	!
[2223]	754	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	755	kp = kp + k_surf
	756	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	757	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	758	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	759	!-- of overhanging structures.
	760	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	761	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	762	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	763	CYCLE xloop
	764	ENDIF
[2232]	765	!
	766	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	767	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	768	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	769	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	770	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	771	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	772	THEN
[1575]	773	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2223]	774	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	775	ENDIF
	776
[2223]	777	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	778
[2223]	779	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	780	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	781	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	782	ENDIF
	783	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	784	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	785	ENDIF
	786	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	787
[1359]	788	ENDIF
[2223]	789	ENDDO
[1929]	790
[2223]	791	ENDIF
[1]	792
[2223]	793	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	794
[2223]	795	ENDDO xloop
[1]	796
[2223]	797	ENDIF
[1]	798
[2223]	799	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	800
[2223]	801	ENDDO
[1]	802
[2223]	803	ENDIF
[1]	804
	805	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	806
	807	ENDDO
	808
	809	ENDDO
	810
[1359]	811	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	812	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	813	DO jp = nys, nyn
	814	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	815	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	816	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	817	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	818	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	819	min_nr_particle )
	820	ELSE
	821	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	822	ENDIF
	823	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	824	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	825	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	826	ENDDO
	827	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	828	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	829	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	830	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	831	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	832	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	833	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	834	ENDIF
	835	ENDIF
	836	ENDIF
	837	ENDDO
	838	ENDDO
	839	ENDDO
	840	ENDIF
[1929]	841
[1359]	842	ENDDO
[1]	843
[2182]	844
	845
[1359]	846	local_start = prt_count+1
	847	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	848
[1]	849	!
[2122]	850	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	851	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	852	DO jp = nys, nyn
	853	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	854	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	855	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	856	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	857
	858	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	859
[2182]	860	particles(n)%id1 = 10000_iwp * grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + kp
	861	particles(n)%id2 = 10000_iwp * jp + ip
[2122]	862
	863	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	864	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	865
	866	ENDDO
	867
	868	ENDDO
	869	ENDDO
	870	ENDDO
	871
	872	!
[1871]	873	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
	874	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
	875	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	876	ENDIF
	877
	878	!
[1929]	879	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	880	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	881	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	882	DO jp = nys, nyn
	883	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	884	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	885	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	886	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	887	!
	888	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	889	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	890	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	891	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	892	!-- respectively.
	893	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	894	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	895	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	896	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	897	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	898	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	899	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
	900	)
[1359]	901	ENDIF
	902	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	903	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	904	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	905	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	906	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	907	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
	908	)
[1359]	909	ENDIF
	910	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	911	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	912	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	913	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	914	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	915	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
	916	)
[1359]	917	ENDIF
	918	ENDDO
[1]	919	!
[1929]	920	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	921	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	922	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	923	!
	924	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
	925	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
	926	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	927	particles => &
	928	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	929	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	930	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	931	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2232]	932	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	933	!
	934	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	935	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	936	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	937	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	938	ENDIF
[2232]	939
[1929]	940	ENDDO
[1359]	941	ENDDO
	942	ENDDO
	943	ENDDO
[1]	944	!
[1359]	945	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	946	CALL lpm_move_particle
	947	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	948
[1359]	949	ENDIF
[1]	950	!
[1359]	951	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	952	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	953	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
	954	!-- position.
	955	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	956
	957	!
[1359]	958	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
	959	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
	960	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	961	DO jp = nys, nyn
	962	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	963	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
	964	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
	965	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	966	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	967	ENDDO
[1359]	968	ENDDO
	969	ENDDO
[1]	970	!
[1822]	971	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	972	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	973	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	974	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	975	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	976	#else
[1359]	977	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	978	#endif
	979
[1359]	980	RETURN
[1]	981
[1359]	982	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	983
[1871]	984	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	985
	986	USE arrays_3d, &
	987	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
	988
	989	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2122]	990	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
[1871]	991
	992	USE constants, &
	993	ONLY: pi
	994
	995	USE kinds
	996
	997	USE particle_attributes, &
	998	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	999	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
	1000	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
	1001
	1002	IMPLICIT NONE
	1003
	1004	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
	1005	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
	1006
[2122]	1007	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1008	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
	1009	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
	1010	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1011	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
	1012	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
	1013	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
	1014	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1015	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1016	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
	1017	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
[2122]	1018	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1019	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1020	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
	1021
[1890]	1022	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1023
	1024	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1025	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
	1026	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
	1027	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1028	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1029	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1030
	1031	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
	1032
	1033	!
	1034	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
	1035	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1036	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	1037	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1038	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1039	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1040
	1041	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
	1042	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1043	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1044	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1045	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
	1046	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
	1047	) )
	1048	ENDIF
	1049	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1050	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1051	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
	1052	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
	1053	) )
	1054	ENDIF
	1055	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1056	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1057	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
	1058	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
	1059	) )
	1060	ENDIF
	1061
	1062	ENDDO
	1063	ENDIF
	1064
	1065	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1066	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1067	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1068
	1069	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1070	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1071	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	1072	!
	1073	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
	1074	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
	1075	!-- weighting factor
	1076	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1077
	1078	new_pdf = .FALSE.
	1079	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
	1080	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1081	ELSE
	1082	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
	1083	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
	1084	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1085	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1086	ENDIF
	1087	ENDIF
	1088
	1089	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
	1090
	1091	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1092	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	1093
	1094	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1095	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1096	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
	1097	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1098	ENDDO
	1099
	1100	ENDIF
	1101
	1102	!
	1103	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
	1104	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	1105
	1106	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1107
	1108	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
	1109	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
	1110
	1111	pdf = 0.0_wp
	1112	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1113	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1114	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
	1115	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1116	) * &
	1117	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
	1118	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
	1119	) &
	1120	)
	1121	ENDIF
	1122	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1123	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
	1124	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1125	) * &
	1126	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
	1127	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
	1128	) &
	1129	)
	1130	ENDIF
	1131	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1132	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
	1133	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1134	) * &
	1135	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
	1136	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
	1137	) &
	1138	)
	1139	ENDIF
	1140
	1141	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
	1142	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
	1143
	1144	END DO
	1145	!
	1146	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
	1147	!-- in every grid box
	1148	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
	1149
	1150	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
	1151	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
	1152	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
	1153
	1154	ENDIF
	1155	!
	1156	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
	1157	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
	1158	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1159
	1160	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1161
	1162	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
	1163	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
	1164	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
	1165	ENDDO
	1166	!
	1167	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
	1168	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
	1169	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
	1170	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
	1171	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
	1172	EXIT
	1173	ENDIF
	1174	ENDDO
	1175
	1176	ENDDO
	1177
	1178	ENDIF
	1179
	1180	!
	1181	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1182	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
	1183	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
	1184	!-- the simulation.
	1185	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1186
	1187	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1188	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1189
[2122]	1190	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1191	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1192
	1193	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1194	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1195	!
[1890]	1196	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1197	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1198	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1199
[2122]	1200	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1201	!
	1202	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1203	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
	1204	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1205	particles(n)%rvar2 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
	1206	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1207	particles(n)%rvar2 ) ) / &
	1208	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1209	)
[1871]	1210
[2122]	1211	ENDDO
[1871]	1212
	1213	ENDDO
	1214	ENDDO
	1215	ENDDO
	1216	!
	1217	!-- Deallocate used arrays
	1218	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1219	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
	1220
	1221	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1222
[1359]	1223	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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