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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2253

Last change on this file since 2253 was 2233, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[1930]	22	!
[2224]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z knoop $
	27	!
[2233]	28	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	29	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
	30	!
	31	!
[2224]	32	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	33	! Add check for particle release at model top
	34	!
[2183]	35	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	36	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
	37	!
[2123]	38	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
	39	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
	40	! Calculation of particle ID
	41	!
[2001]	42	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	43	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	44	!
[1930]	45	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[1929]	46	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
	47	! seed_follows_topography.
	48	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
	49	! than one grid length.
	50	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	51	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	52	!
[1891]	53	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
	54	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
	55	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	56	! initialization.
	57	!
[1874]	58	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	59	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[1874]	60	!
[1872]	61	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	62	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	63	!
[1851]	64	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	65	! Module renamed
	66	!
[1832]	67	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	68	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	69	!
[1823]	70	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	71	! Unused variables removed.
	72	!
[1784]	73	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	74	! netcdf module added
	75	!
[1726]	76	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	77	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
	78	! used.
	79	!
[1692]	80	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	81	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	82	!
[1686]	83	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	84	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	85	!
[1683]	86	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	87	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	88	!
[1576]	89	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	90	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	91	!
[1360]	92	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
	93	! New particle structure integrated.
	94	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	95	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
	96	!
[1329]	97	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	98	! -netcdf_output
	99	!
[1323]	100	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	101	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	102	!
[1321]	103	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	104	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	105	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	106	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	107	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	108	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	109	! all variable declaration statements
	110	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	111	!
[1315]	112	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
	113	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
	114	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	115	!
[1093]	116	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	117	! unused variables removed
	118	!
[1037]	119	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	120	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	121	!
[850]	122	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	123	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	124	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	125	! advec_particles),
	126	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	127	!
[829]	128	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	129	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	130	!
[826]	131	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	132	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	133	! array particles implemented as pointer
	134	!
[668]	135	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
	136	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
	137	! of arrays.
	138	!
[1]	139	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	140	! Initial revision
	141	!
	142	!
	143	! Description:
	144	! ------------
[1682]	145	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	146	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	147	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	148	MODULE lpm_init_mod
	149
[1]	150
[1320]	151	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	152	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	153
	154	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	155	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[1783]	156	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
[1320]	157
	158	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	159	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	160
	161	USE indices, &
[1575]	162	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2232]	163	nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	164
	165	USE kinds
	166
	167	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	168	ONLY: init_kernels
	169
[1783]	170	USE netcdf_interface, &
	171	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	172
[1320]	173	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	174	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	175	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[1831]	176	curvature_solution_effects, &
[1822]	177	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
[1359]	178	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
	179	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	180	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
[1822]	181	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
[2182]	182	number_concentration, number_particles_per_gridbox, &
[1822]	183	number_of_particles, &
[1320]	184	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	185	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	186	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	187	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[1822]	188	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
[1359]	189	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
[1320]	190	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
[1929]	191	seed_follows_topography, sgs_wf_part, sort_count, &
[1822]	192	total_number_of_particles, &
	193	use_sgs_for_particles, &
[1359]	194	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
	195	z0_av_global
[1320]	196
[1]	197	USE pegrid
	198
[1320]	199	USE random_function_mod, &
	200	ONLY: random_function
[1]	201
[2232]	202	USE surface_mod, &
	203	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
	204
[1359]	205	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	206
[1359]	207	PRIVATE
	208
[1682]	209	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	210	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	211
	212	INTERFACE lpm_init
	213	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	214	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	215
	216	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	217	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	218	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	219
	220	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	221
[1929]	222	CONTAINS
[1359]	223
[1682]	224	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	225	! Description:
	226	! ------------
	227	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	228	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	229	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	230
	231	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	232	ONLY: init_kernels
	233
[1]	234	IMPLICIT NONE
	235
[1682]	236	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	237	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	238	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	239
[1]	240	#if defined( __parallel )
[1682]	241	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
	242	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
	243	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
[1]	244	#endif
	245
[2182]	246	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	247	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	248	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	249	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	250	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	251
	252	#if defined( __parallel )
	253	!
	254	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
[82]	255	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
[1359]	256	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
	257	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
	258
[1]	259	types(1) = MPI_REAL
	260	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
	261	types(3) = MPI_UB
	262	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
	263	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	264	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	265	#endif
	266
	267	!
[150]	268	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	269	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	270	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	271	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	272	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	273	ENDIF
	274
[1359]	275	!
	276	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	277
[1359]	278	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	279	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	280	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	281	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	282	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	283	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	284	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	285	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	286	!
[1]	287	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	288	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	289	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	290	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	291	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	292	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	293	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	294	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	295	ENDIF
[2232]	296	!
	297	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	298	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
	299	!-- propably (not realized so far).
	300	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
	301	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topograpyh do not work '// &
	302	'with particles'
	303	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	304
[2232]	305	ENDIF
	306
[1]	307	!
	308	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	309	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	310	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	311	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	312	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	313	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	314	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	315
[1359]	316	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	317	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	318	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	319
[2182]	320	!
	321	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	322	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
	323	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
	324	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
	325	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
	326	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	327	!
	328	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
	329	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	330	div = 1000.0_wp
	331	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	332	div = div / 10.0_wp
	333	ENDDO
	334	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	335	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	336	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	337
	338	ENDIF
	339
[1]	340	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	341	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	342	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	343	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	344	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	345	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	346	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	347	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	348	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	349	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	350	ENDDO
	351
	352	!
[1929]	353	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
	354	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	355	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	356	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	357	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	358	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	359
	360	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	361	ENDIF
	362
	363	!
[1314]	364	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
	365	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
	366	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	367	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	368	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
	369	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	370	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	371	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[1314]	372
	373	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	374	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	375
	376	!
	377	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
	378	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	379	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	380	!-- negligible.
[2232]	381	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	382	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	383	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	384
[1320]	385	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	386	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	387	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	388	#else
	389	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	390	#endif
[1314]	391
	392	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	393	!
	394	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	395	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	396	!
	397	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	398	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	399	!
	400	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	401	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	402	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	403
	404	height_p = height_p + height_int
	405	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	406
	407	ENDDO
	408
	409	ENDIF
	410
	411	!
[1359]	412	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	413	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
	414
	415	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	416	ibc_par_b = 1
	417
	418	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	419	ibc_par_b = 2
	420
	421	CASE DEFAULT
	422	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	423	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	424	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	425
	426	END SELECT
	427	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
	428
	429	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	430	ibc_par_t = 1
	431
	432	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	433	ibc_par_t = 2
	434
	435	CASE DEFAULT
	436	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	437	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	438	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	439
	440	END SELECT
	441	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	442
	443	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	444	ibc_par_lr = 0
	445
	446	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	447	ibc_par_lr = 1
	448
	449	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	450	ibc_par_lr = 2
	451
	452	CASE DEFAULT
	453	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	454	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	455	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	456
	457	END SELECT
	458	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	459
	460	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	461	ibc_par_ns = 0
	462
	463	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	464	ibc_par_ns = 1
	465
	466	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	467	ibc_par_ns = 2
	468
	469	CASE DEFAULT
	470	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	471	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	472	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	473
	474	END SELECT
	475
	476	!
[828]	477	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	478	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	479
	480	!
[1]	481	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	482	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	483	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	484	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	485
[849]	486	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	487
	488	ELSE
	489
	490	!
	491	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	492	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	493	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	494	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	495
[1359]	496	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
	497	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	498
	499	sort_count = 0
[1359]	500	prt_count = 0
[792]	501
[1]	502	!
[2122]	503	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
	504	grid_particles%id_counter = 0
	505
	506	!
[1]	507	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	508	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	509	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	510	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	511	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	512	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2122]	513	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	514	0, 0, 0, 0, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	515
[1359]	516	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	517
	518	!
	519	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	520	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	521	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	522	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	523	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	524	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	525	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	526	ENDIF
[1359]	527	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	528	ENDDO
	529
	530	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	531	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	532	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	533	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	534	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	535	ENDIF
	536	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	537	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	538	ENDDO
	539
	540	!
[1359]	541	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	542	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	543	!-- different on the different PEs.
	544	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	545
[1725]	546	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	547	!
	548	!-- User modification of initial particles
	549	CALL user_lpm_init
	550
	551	!
	552	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	553	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	554	CALL check_open( 80 )
	555	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
	556	number_of_particles, &
	557	maximum_number_of_particles
	558	CALL close_file( 80 )
	559	ENDIF
	560
	561	ENDIF
	562
	563	!
	564	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
	565	!-- first grid cell
	566	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	567	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	568	!
	569	!-- Formats
	570	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	571
	572	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	573
[1682]	574	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	575	! Description:
	576	! ------------
	577	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	578	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	579	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	580
	581	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	582	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	583
	584	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	585	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	586
[1871]	587	USE particle_attributes, &
[1929]	588	ONLY: deleted_particles, monodisperse_aerosols
[1871]	589
[1359]	590	IMPLICIT NONE
	591
[1929]	592	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	593	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	594	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	595	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	596	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	597	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	598	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	599	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	600	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	601	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	602	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	603
[1929]	604	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	605
[1929]	606	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	607	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	608
[1929]	609	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	610
[1929]	611	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	612	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	613	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
	614	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	615
[1929]	616	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	617
	618	!
	619	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	620	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	621	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	622	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	623	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	624	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	625	ELSE
	626	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	627	ENDIF
	628
[2182]	629	!
	630	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	631	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	632	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	633	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
	634	END IF
	635
[1]	636	n = 0
	637	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	638
	639	pos_z = psb(i)
	640
	641	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	642
[2223]	643	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	644
	645
[2223]	646	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	647
[2223]	648	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	649
[2223]	650	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	651	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	652
[2223]	653	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	654
[2223]	655	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	656
[2223]	657	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
	658	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
	659
	660	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	661
	662	n = n + 1
	663	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	664	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	665	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	666	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	667	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	668	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	669	tmp_particle%user = 0.0_wp !unused, free for the user
	670	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
	671	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[824]	672	!
[2223]	673	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
	674	!-- for Rosenbrock method
	675	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
	676	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
	677	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused in this configuration
	678	ELSE
[824]	679	!
[2223]	680	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
	681	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	682	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	683	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
	684	ENDIF
	685	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	686	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	687	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	688	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	689	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	690	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
	691	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	692	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	693	tmp_particle%class = 1
	694	tmp_particle%group = i
	695	tmp_particle%id1 = 0
	696	tmp_particle%id2 = 0
	697	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	698	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	699	!
[2223]	700	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2232]	701	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[2223]	702	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	703	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	704	!
	705	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
	706	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid. MAXLOC will return
	707	!-- the index of the lowest upward-facing wall.
	708	k_surf = MAXLOC( &
	709	MERGE( 1, 0, &
	710	BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzb_max,jp,ip), 18 )&
	711	), DIM = 1 &
	712	) - 1
[1]	713
[2223]	714	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	715	!
[2223]	716	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	717	kp = kp + k_surf
	718	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	719	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	720	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	721	!-- of overhanging structures.
	722	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	723	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	724	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	725	CYCLE xloop
	726	ENDIF
[2232]	727	!
	728	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	729	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	730	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	731	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	732	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	733	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	734	THEN
[1575]	735	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2223]	736	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	737	ENDIF
	738
[2223]	739	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	740
[2223]	741	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	742	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	743	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	744	ENDIF
	745	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	746	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	747	ENDIF
	748	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	749
[1359]	750	ENDIF
[2223]	751	ENDDO
[1929]	752
[2223]	753	ENDIF
[1]	754
[2223]	755	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	756
[2223]	757	ENDDO xloop
[1]	758
[2223]	759	ENDIF
[1]	760
[2223]	761	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	762
[2223]	763	ENDDO
[1]	764
[2223]	765	ENDIF
[1]	766
	767	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	768
	769	ENDDO
	770
	771	ENDDO
	772
[1359]	773	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	774	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	775	DO jp = nys, nyn
	776	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	777	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	778	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	779	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	780	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	781	min_nr_particle )
	782	ELSE
	783	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	784	ENDIF
	785	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	786	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	787	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	788	ENDDO
	789	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	790	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	791	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	792	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	793	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	794	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	795	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	796	ENDIF
	797	ENDIF
	798	ENDIF
	799	ENDDO
	800	ENDDO
	801	ENDDO
	802	ENDIF
[1929]	803
[1359]	804	ENDDO
[1]	805
[2182]	806
	807
[1359]	808	local_start = prt_count+1
	809	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	810
[1]	811	!
[2122]	812	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	813	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	814	DO jp = nys, nyn
	815	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	816	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	817	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	818	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	819
	820	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	821
[2182]	822	particles(n)%id1 = 10000_iwp * grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + kp
	823	particles(n)%id2 = 10000_iwp * jp + ip
[2122]	824
	825	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	826	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	827
	828	ENDDO
	829
	830	ENDDO
	831	ENDDO
	832	ENDDO
	833
	834	!
[1871]	835	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
	836	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
	837	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	838	ENDIF
	839
	840	!
[1929]	841	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	842	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	843	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	844	DO jp = nys, nyn
	845	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	846	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	847	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	848	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	849	!
	850	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	851	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	852	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	853	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	854	!-- respectively.
	855	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	856	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	857	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	858	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	859	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	860	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	861	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
	862	)
[1359]	863	ENDIF
	864	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	865	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	866	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	867	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	868	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	869	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
	870	)
[1359]	871	ENDIF
	872	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	873	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	874	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	875	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	876	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	877	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
	878	)
[1359]	879	ENDIF
	880	ENDDO
[1]	881	!
[1929]	882	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	883	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	884	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	885	!
	886	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
	887	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
	888	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	889	particles => &
	890	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	891	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	892	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	893	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2232]	894	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	895	!
	896	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	897	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	898	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	899	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	900	ENDIF
[2232]	901
[1929]	902	ENDDO
[1359]	903	ENDDO
	904	ENDDO
	905	ENDDO
[1]	906	!
[1359]	907	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	908	CALL lpm_move_particle
	909	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	910
[1359]	911	ENDIF
[1]	912	!
[1359]	913	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	914	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	915	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
	916	!-- position.
	917	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	918
	919	!
[1359]	920	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
	921	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
	922	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	923	DO jp = nys, nyn
	924	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	925	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
	926	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
	927	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	928	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	929	ENDDO
[1359]	930	ENDDO
	931	ENDDO
[1]	932	!
[1822]	933	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	934	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	935	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	936	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	937	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	938	#else
[1359]	939	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	940	#endif
	941
[1359]	942	RETURN
[1]	943
[1359]	944	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	945
[1871]	946	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	947
	948	USE arrays_3d, &
	949	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
	950
	951	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2122]	952	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
[1871]	953
	954	USE constants, &
	955	ONLY: pi
	956
	957	USE kinds
	958
	959	USE particle_attributes, &
	960	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	961	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
	962	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
	963
	964	IMPLICIT NONE
	965
	966	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
	967	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
	968
[2122]	969	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	970	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
	971	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
	972	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	973	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
	974	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
	975	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
	976	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	977	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	978	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
	979	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
[2122]	980	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	981	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	982	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
	983
[1890]	984	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	985
	986	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	987	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
	988	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
	989	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	990	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	991	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	992
	993	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
	994
	995	!
	996	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
	997	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	998	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	999	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1000	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1001	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1002
	1003	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
	1004	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1005	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1006	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1007	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
	1008	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
	1009	) )
	1010	ENDIF
	1011	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1012	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1013	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
	1014	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
	1015	) )
	1016	ENDIF
	1017	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1018	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	1019	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
	1020	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
	1021	) )
	1022	ENDIF
	1023
	1024	ENDDO
	1025	ENDIF
	1026
	1027	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1028	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1029	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1030
	1031	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1032	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1033	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	1034	!
	1035	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
	1036	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
	1037	!-- weighting factor
	1038	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1039
	1040	new_pdf = .FALSE.
	1041	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
	1042	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1043	ELSE
	1044	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
	1045	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
	1046	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	1047	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1048	ENDIF
	1049	ENDIF
	1050
	1051	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
	1052
	1053	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1054	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	1055
	1056	DO n = 0, no_bins
	1057	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	1058	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
	1059	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	1060	ENDDO
	1061
	1062	ENDIF
	1063
	1064	!
	1065	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
	1066	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	1067
	1068	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	1069
	1070	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
	1071	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
	1072
	1073	pdf = 0.0_wp
	1074	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	1075	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1076	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
	1077	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1078	) * &
	1079	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
	1080	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
	1081	) &
	1082	)
	1083	ENDIF
	1084	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1085	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
	1086	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1087	) * &
	1088	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
	1089	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
	1090	) &
	1091	)
	1092	ENDIF
	1093	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1094	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
	1095	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	1096	) * &
	1097	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
	1098	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
	1099	) &
	1100	)
	1101	ENDIF
	1102
	1103	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
	1104	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
	1105
	1106	END DO
	1107	!
	1108	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
	1109	!-- in every grid box
	1110	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
	1111
	1112	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
	1113	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
	1114	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
	1115
	1116	ENDIF
	1117	!
	1118	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
	1119	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
	1120	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	1121
	1122	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1123
	1124	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
	1125	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
	1126	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
	1127	ENDDO
	1128	!
	1129	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
	1130	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
	1131	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
	1132	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
	1133	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
	1134	EXIT
	1135	ENDIF
	1136	ENDDO
	1137
	1138	ENDDO
	1139
	1140	ENDIF
	1141
	1142	!
	1143	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1144	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
	1145	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
	1146	!-- the simulation.
	1147	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1148
	1149	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1150	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1151
[2122]	1152	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1153	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1154
	1155	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1156	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1157	!
[1890]	1158	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1159	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1160	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1161
[2122]	1162	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1163	!
	1164	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1165	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
	1166	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1167	particles(n)%rvar2 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
	1168	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
	1169	particles(n)%rvar2 ) ) / &
	1170	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1171	)
[1871]	1172
[2122]	1173	ENDDO
[1871]	1174
	1175	ENDDO
	1176	ENDDO
	1177	ENDDO
	1178	!
	1179	!-- Deallocate used arrays
	1180	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1181	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
	1182
	1183	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1184
[1359]	1185	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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