| 1 | !> @file lpm_droplet_condensation.f90 |
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| 2 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 3 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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| 4 | ! |
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| 5 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the |
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| 6 | ! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software |
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| 7 | ! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later |
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| 8 | ! version. |
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| 9 | ! |
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| 10 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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| 11 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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| 12 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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| 13 | ! |
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| 14 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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| 15 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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| 16 | ! |
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| 17 | ! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover |
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| 18 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 19 | ! |
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| 20 | ! Current revisions: |
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| 21 | ! ------------------ |
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| 22 | ! |
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| 23 | ! |
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| 24 | ! Former revisions: |
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| 25 | ! ----------------- |
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| 26 | ! $Id: lpm_droplet_condensation.f90 2101 2017-01-05 16:42:31Z witha $ |
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| 27 | ! |
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| 28 | ! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop |
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| 29 | ! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns |
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| 30 | ! |
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| 31 | ! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann |
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| 32 | ! Some improvements of the Rosenbrock method. If the Rosenbrock method needs more |
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| 33 | ! than 40 iterations to find a sufficient time setp, the model is not aborted. |
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| 34 | ! This might lead to small erros. But they can be assumend as negligible, since |
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| 35 | ! the maximum timesetp of the Rosenbrock method after 40 iterations will be |
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| 36 | ! smaller than 10^-16 s. |
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| 37 | ! |
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| 38 | ! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann |
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| 39 | ! Initialization of aerosols added. |
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| 40 | ! |
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| 41 | ! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann |
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| 42 | ! Interpolation of supersaturation has been removed because it is not in |
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| 43 | ! accordance with the release/depletion of latent heat/water vapor in |
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| 44 | ! interaction_droplets_ptq. |
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| 45 | ! Calculation of particle Reynolds number has been corrected. |
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| 46 | ! eps_ros added from modules. |
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| 47 | ! |
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| 48 | ! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann |
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| 49 | ! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes |
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| 50 | ! |
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| 51 | ! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann |
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| 52 | ! Unused variables removed. |
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| 53 | ! |
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| 54 | ! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop |
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| 55 | ! Code annotations made doxygen readable |
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| 56 | ! |
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| 57 | ! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann |
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| 58 | ! New particle structure integrated. |
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| 59 | ! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers. |
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| 60 | ! |
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| 61 | ! 1346 2014-03-27 13:18:20Z heinze |
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| 62 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute especially in call of |
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| 63 | ! intrinsic function like MAX, MIN, SIGN |
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| 64 | ! |
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| 65 | ! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch |
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| 66 | ! REAL constants defined as wp-kind |
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| 67 | ! |
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| 68 | ! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch |
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| 69 | ! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements, |
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| 70 | ! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements, |
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| 71 | ! kinds are defined in new module kinds, |
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| 72 | ! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to |
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| 73 | ! all variable declaration statements |
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| 74 | ! |
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| 75 | ! 1318 2014-03-17 13:35:16Z raasch |
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| 76 | ! module interfaces removed |
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| 77 | ! |
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| 78 | ! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch |
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| 79 | ! unused variables removed |
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| 80 | ! |
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| 81 | ! 1071 2012-11-29 16:54:55Z franke |
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| 82 | ! Ventilation effect for evaporation of large droplets included |
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| 83 | ! Check for unreasonable results included in calculation of Rosenbrock method |
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| 84 | ! since physically unlikely results were observed and for the same |
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| 85 | ! reason the first internal time step in Rosenbrock method should be < 1.0E02 in |
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| 86 | ! case of evaporation |
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| 87 | ! Unnecessary calculation of ql_int removed |
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| 88 | ! Unnecessary calculations in Rosenbrock method (d2rdt2, drdt_m, dt_ros_last) |
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| 89 | ! removed |
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| 90 | ! Bugfix: factor in calculation of surface tension changed from 0.00155 to |
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| 91 | ! 0.000155 |
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| 92 | ! |
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| 93 | ! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch |
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| 94 | ! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9) |
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| 95 | ! |
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| 96 | ! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch |
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| 97 | ! initial revision (former part of advec_particles) |
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| 98 | ! |
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| 99 | ! |
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| 100 | ! Description: |
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| 101 | ! ------------ |
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| 102 | !> Calculates change in droplet radius by condensation/evaporation, using |
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| 103 | !> either an analytic formula or by numerically integrating the radius growth |
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| 104 | !> equation including curvature and solution effects using Rosenbrocks method |
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| 105 | !> (see Numerical recipes in FORTRAN, 2nd edition, p. 731). |
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| 106 | !> The analytical formula and growth equation follow those given in |
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| 107 | !> Rogers and Yau (A short course in cloud physics, 3rd edition, p. 102/103). |
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| 108 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 109 | SUBROUTINE lpm_droplet_condensation (ip,jp,kp) |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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| 113 | ONLY: hyp, pt, q, ql_c, ql_v |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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| 116 | ONLY: l_d_rv, l_v, rho_l, r_v |
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| 117 | |
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| 118 | USE constants, & |
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| 119 | ONLY: pi |
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| 120 | |
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| 121 | USE control_parameters, & |
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| 122 | ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, molecular_viscosity, rho_surface |
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| 123 | |
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| 124 | USE cpulog, & |
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| 125 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
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| 126 | |
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| 127 | USE grid_variables, & |
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| 128 | ONLY: dx, dy |
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| 129 | |
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| 130 | USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, & |
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| 131 | ONLY: rclass_lbound, rclass_ubound |
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| 132 | |
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| 133 | USE kinds |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | USE particle_attributes, & |
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| 136 | ONLY: curvature_solution_effects, hall_kernel, & |
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| 137 | molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, & |
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| 138 | number_of_particles, particles, radius_classes, rho_s, & |
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| 139 | use_kernel_tables, vanthoff, wang_kernel |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< |
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| 145 | INTEGER(iwp) :: internal_timestep_count !< |
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| 146 | INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< |
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| 147 | INTEGER(iwp) :: jtry !< |
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| 148 | INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< |
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| 149 | INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< |
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| 150 | INTEGER(iwp) :: ros_count !< |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: maxtry = 40 !< |
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| 153 | |
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| 154 | LOGICAL :: repeat !< |
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| 155 | |
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| 156 | REAL(wp) :: aa !< |
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| 157 | REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects |
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| 158 | REAL(wp) :: arg !< |
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| 159 | REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects |
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| 160 | REAL(wp) :: ddenom !< |
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| 161 | REAL(wp) :: delta_r !< |
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| 162 | REAL(wp) :: diameter !< diameter of cloud droplets |
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| 163 | REAL(wp) :: diff_coeff_v !< diffusivity for water vapor |
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| 164 | REAL(wp) :: drdt !< |
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| 165 | REAL(wp) :: drdt_ini !< |
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| 166 | REAL(wp) :: dt_ros !< |
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| 167 | REAL(wp) :: dt_ros_next !< |
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| 168 | REAL(wp) :: dt_ros_sum !< |
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| 169 | REAL(wp) :: dt_ros_sum_ini !< |
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| 170 | REAL(wp) :: d2rdtdr !< |
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| 171 | REAL(wp) :: errmax !< |
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| 172 | REAL(wp) :: e_a !< current vapor pressure |
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| 173 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< current saturation vapor pressure |
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| 174 | REAL(wp) :: err_ros !< |
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| 175 | REAL(wp) :: g1 !< |
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| 176 | REAL(wp) :: g2 !< |
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| 177 | REAL(wp) :: g3 !< |
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| 178 | REAL(wp) :: g4 !< |
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| 179 | REAL(wp) :: r_ros !< |
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| 180 | REAL(wp) :: r_ros_ini !< |
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| 181 | REAL(wp) :: sigma !< |
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| 182 | REAL(wp) :: thermal_conductivity_v !< thermal conductivity for water |
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| 183 | REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature |
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| 184 | REAL(wp) :: w_s !< terminal velocity of droplets |
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| 185 | REAL(wp) :: re_p !< |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | ! |
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| 188 | !-- Parameters for Rosenbrock method |
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| 189 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a21 = 2.0_wp !< |
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| 190 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a31 = 48.0_wp / 25.0_wp !< |
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| 191 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a32 = 6.0_wp / 25.0_wp !< |
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| 192 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b1 = 19.0_wp / 9.0_wp !< |
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| 193 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b2 = 0.5_wp !< |
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| 194 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b3 = 25.0_wp / 108.0_wp !< |
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| 195 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b4 = 125.0_wp / 108.0_wp !< |
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| 196 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c21 = -8.0_wp !< |
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| 197 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c31 = 372.0_wp / 25.0_wp !< |
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| 198 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c32 = 12.0_wp / 5.0_wp !< |
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| 199 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c41 = -112.0_wp / 125.0_wp !< |
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| 200 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c42 = -54.0_wp / 125.0_wp !< |
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| 201 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c43 = -2.0_wp / 5.0_wp !< |
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| 202 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: errcon = 0.1296_wp !< |
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| 203 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: e1 = 17.0_wp / 54.0_wp !< |
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| 204 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: e2 = 7.0_wp / 36.0_wp !< |
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| 205 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: e3 = 0.0_wp !< |
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| 206 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: e4 = 125.0_wp / 108.0_wp !< |
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| 207 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: eps_ros = 1.0E-3_wp !< accuracy of Rosenbrock method |
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| 208 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gam = 0.5_wp !< |
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| 209 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: grow = 1.5_wp !< |
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| 210 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pgrow = -0.25_wp !< |
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| 211 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pshrnk = -1.0_wp /3.0_wp !< |
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| 212 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: shrnk = 0.5_wp !< |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | ! |
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| 215 | !-- Parameters for terminal velocity |
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| 216 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: a_rog = 9.65_wp !< parameter for fall velocity |
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| 217 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: b_rog = 10.43_wp !< parameter for fall velocity |
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| 218 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: c_rog = 0.6_wp !< parameter for fall velocity |
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| 219 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: k_cap_rog = 4.0_wp !< parameter for fall velocity |
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| 220 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: k_low_rog = 12.0_wp !< parameter for fall velocity |
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| 221 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d0_rog = 0.745_wp !< separation diameter |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(number_of_particles) :: ventilation_effect !< |
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| 224 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(number_of_particles) :: new_r !< |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | |
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| 227 | |
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| 228 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(42), 'lpm_droplet_condens', 'start' ) |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | ! |
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| 231 | !-- Calculate temperature, saturation vapor pressure and current vapor pressure |
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| 232 | t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
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| 233 | e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) ) |
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| 234 | e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp ) |
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| 235 | ! |
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| 236 | !-- Thermal conductivity for water (from Rogers and Yau, Table 7.1), |
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| 237 | !-- diffusivity for water vapor (after Hall und Pruppacher, 1976) |
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| 238 | thermal_conductivity_v = 7.94048E-05_wp * t_int + 0.00227011_wp |
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| 239 | diff_coeff_v = 0.211E-4_wp * ( t_int / 273.15_wp )**1.94_wp * & |
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| 240 | ( 101325.0_wp / hyp(kp) ) |
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| 241 | ! |
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| 242 | !-- Calculate effects of heat conductivity and diffusion of water vapor on the |
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| 243 | !-- condensation/evaporation process (typically known as 1.0 / (F_k + F_d) ) |
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| 244 | ddenom = 1.0_wp / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int / ( e_s * diff_coeff_v ) + & |
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| 245 | ( l_v / ( r_v * t_int ) - 1.0_wp ) * rho_l * & |
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| 246 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_v * t_int ) & |
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| 247 | ) |
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| 248 | |
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| 249 | new_r = 0.0_wp |
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| 250 | |
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| 251 | ! |
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| 252 | !-- Determine ventilation effect on evaporation of large drops |
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| 253 | DO n = 1, number_of_particles |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | IF ( particles(n)%radius >= 4.0E-5_wp .AND. e_a / e_s < 1.0_wp ) THEN |
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| 256 | ! |
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| 257 | !-- Terminal velocity is computed for vertical direction (Rogers et al., |
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| 258 | !-- 1993, J. Appl. Meteorol.) |
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| 259 | diameter = particles(n)%radius * 2000.0_wp !diameter in mm |
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| 260 | IF ( diameter <= d0_rog ) THEN |
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| 261 | w_s = k_cap_rog * diameter * ( 1.0_wp - EXP( -k_low_rog * diameter ) ) |
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| 262 | ELSE |
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| 263 | w_s = a_rog - b_rog * EXP( -c_rog * diameter ) |
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| 264 | ENDIF |
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| 265 | ! |
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| 266 | !-- First calculate droplet's Reynolds number |
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| 267 | re_p = 2.0_wp * particles(n)%radius * w_s / molecular_viscosity |
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| 268 | ! |
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| 269 | !-- Ventilation coefficient (Rogers and Yau, 1989): |
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| 270 | IF ( re_p > 2.5_wp ) THEN |
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| 271 | ventilation_effect(n) = 0.78_wp + 0.28_wp * SQRT( re_p ) |
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| 272 | ELSE |
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| 273 | ventilation_effect(n) = 1.0_wp + 0.09_wp * re_p |
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| 274 | ENDIF |
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| 275 | ELSE |
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| 276 | ! |
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| 277 | !-- For small droplets or in supersaturated environments, the ventilation |
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| 278 | !-- effect does not play a role |
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| 279 | ventilation_effect(n) = 1.0_wp |
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| 280 | ENDIF |
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| 281 | ENDDO |
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| 282 | |
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| 283 | ! |
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| 284 | !-- Use analytic model for condensational growth |
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| 285 | IF( .NOT. curvature_solution_effects ) then |
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| 286 | DO n = 1, number_of_particles |
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| 287 | arg = particles(n)%radius**2 + 2.0_wp * dt_3d * ddenom * & |
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| 288 | ventilation_effect(n) * & |
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| 289 | ( e_a / e_s - 1.0_wp ) |
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| 290 | arg = MAX( arg, 1.0E-16_wp ) |
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| 291 | new_r(n) = SQRT( arg ) |
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| 292 | ENDDO |
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| 293 | ENDIF |
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| 294 | |
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| 295 | ! |
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| 296 | !-- If selected, use numerical solution of the condensational growth |
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| 297 | !-- equation (e.g., for studying the activation of aerosols). |
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| 298 | !-- Curvature and solutions effects are included in growth equation. |
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| 299 | !-- Change in Radius is calculated with a 4th-order Rosenbrock method |
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| 300 | !-- for stiff o.d.e's with monitoring local truncation error to adjust |
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| 301 | !-- stepsize (see Numerical recipes in FORTRAN, 2nd edition, p. 731). |
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| 302 | DO n = 1, number_of_particles |
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| 303 | IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN |
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| 304 | |
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| 305 | ros_count = 0 |
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| 306 | repeat = .TRUE. |
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| 307 | ! |
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| 308 | !-- Carry out the Rosenbrock algorithm. In case of unreasonable results |
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| 309 | !-- the switch "repeat" will be set true and the algorithm will be carried |
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| 310 | !-- out again with the internal time step set to its initial (small) value. |
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| 311 | !-- Unreasonable results may occur if the external conditions, especially |
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| 312 | !-- the supersaturation, has significantly changed compared to the last |
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| 313 | !-- PALM timestep. |
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| 314 | DO WHILE ( repeat ) |
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| 315 | |
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| 316 | repeat = .FALSE. |
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| 317 | ! |
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| 318 | !-- Curvature effect (afactor) with surface tension parameterization |
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| 319 | !-- by Straka (2009) |
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| 320 | sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp ) |
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| 321 | afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int ) |
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| 322 | ! |
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| 323 | !-- Solute effect (bfactor) |
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| 324 | bfactor = vanthoff * rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 * & |
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| 325 | molecular_weight_of_water / & |
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| 326 | ( rho_l * molecular_weight_of_solute ) |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | r_ros = particles(n)%radius |
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| 329 | dt_ros_sum = 0.0_wp ! internal integrated time (s) |
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| 330 | internal_timestep_count = 0 |
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| 331 | ! |
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| 332 | !-- Take internal time step values from the end of last PALM time step |
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| 333 | dt_ros_next = particles(n)%rvar1 |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | ! |
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| 336 | !-- Internal time step should not be > 1.0E-2 and < 1.0E-6 |
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| 337 | IF ( dt_ros_next > 1.0E-2_wp ) THEN |
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| 338 | dt_ros_next = 1.0E-2_wp |
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| 339 | ELSEIF ( dt_ros_next < 1.0E-6_wp ) THEN |
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| 340 | dt_ros_next = 1.0E-6_wp |
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| 341 | ENDIF |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | ! |
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| 344 | !-- If calculation of Rosenbrock method is repeated due to unreasonalble |
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| 345 | !-- results during previous try the initial internal time step has to be |
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| 346 | !-- reduced |
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| 347 | IF ( ros_count > 1 ) THEN |
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| 348 | dt_ros_next = dt_ros_next * 0.1_wp |
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| 349 | ELSEIF ( ros_count > 5 ) THEN |
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| 350 | ! |
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| 351 | !-- Prevent creation of infinite loop |
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| 352 | message_string = 'ros_count > 5 in Rosenbrock method' |
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| 353 | CALL message( 'lpm_droplet_condensation', 'PA0018', 2, 2, & |
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| 354 | 0, 6, 0 ) |
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| 355 | ENDIF |
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| 356 | |
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| 357 | ! |
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| 358 | !-- Internal time step must not be larger than PALM time step |
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| 359 | dt_ros = MIN( dt_ros_next, dt_3d ) |
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| 360 | |
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| 361 | ! |
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| 362 | !-- Integrate growth equation in time unless PALM time step is reached |
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| 363 | DO WHILE ( dt_ros_sum < dt_3d ) |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | internal_timestep_count = internal_timestep_count + 1 |
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| 366 | |
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| 367 | ! |
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| 368 | !-- Derivative at starting value |
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| 369 | drdt = ddenom * ventilation_effect(n) * ( e_a / e_s - 1.0_wp - & |
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| 370 | afactor / r_ros + & |
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| 371 | bfactor / r_ros**3 & |
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| 372 | ) / r_ros |
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| 373 | |
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| 374 | drdt_ini = drdt |
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| 375 | dt_ros_sum_ini = dt_ros_sum |
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| 376 | r_ros_ini = r_ros |
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| 377 | |
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| 378 | ! |
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| 379 | !-- Calculate radial derivative of dr/dt |
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| 380 | d2rdtdr = ddenom * ventilation_effect(n) * & |
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| 381 | ( ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s ) / r_ros**2 + & |
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| 382 | 2.0_wp * afactor / r_ros**3 - & |
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| 383 | 4.0_wp * bfactor / r_ros**5 & |
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| 384 | ) |
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| 385 | ! |
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| 386 | !-- Adjust stepsize unless required accuracy is reached |
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| 387 | DO jtry = 1, maxtry+1 |
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| 388 | |
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| 389 | IF ( jtry == maxtry+1 ) THEN |
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| 390 | message_string = 'maxtry > 40 in Rosenbrock method' |
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| 391 | CALL message( 'lpm_droplet_condensation', 'PA0347', 0, & |
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| 392 | 1, 0, 6, 0 ) |
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| 393 | ENDIF |
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| 394 | |
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| 395 | aa = 1.0_wp / ( gam * dt_ros ) - d2rdtdr |
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| 396 | g1 = drdt_ini / aa |
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| 397 | r_ros = r_ros_ini + a21 * g1 |
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| 398 | drdt = ddenom * ventilation_effect(n) * ( e_a / e_s - 1.0_wp - & |
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| 399 | afactor / r_ros + & |
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| 400 | bfactor / r_ros**3 & |
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| 401 | ) / r_ros |
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| 402 | |
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| 403 | g2 = ( drdt + c21 * g1 / dt_ros )& |
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| 404 | / aa |
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| 405 | r_ros = r_ros_ini + a31 * g1 + a32 * g2 |
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| 406 | drdt = ddenom * ventilation_effect(n) * ( e_a / e_s - 1.0_wp - & |
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| 407 | afactor / r_ros + & |
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| 408 | bfactor / r_ros**3 & |
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| 409 | ) / r_ros |
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| 410 | |
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| 411 | g3 = ( drdt + & |
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| 412 | ( c31 * g1 + c32 * g2 ) / dt_ros ) / aa |
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| 413 | g4 = ( drdt + & |
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| 414 | ( c41 * g1 + c42 * g2 + c43 * g3 ) / dt_ros ) / aa |
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| 415 | r_ros = r_ros_ini + b1 * g1 + b2 * g2 + b3 * g3 + b4 * g4 |
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| 416 | |
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| 417 | dt_ros_sum = dt_ros_sum_ini + dt_ros |
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| 418 | |
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| 419 | IF ( dt_ros_sum == dt_ros_sum_ini ) THEN |
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| 420 | message_string = 'zero stepsize in Rosenbrock method' |
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| 421 | CALL message( 'lpm_droplet_condensation', 'PA0348', 2, & |
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| 422 | 2, 0, 6, 0 ) |
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| 423 | ENDIF |
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| 424 | ! |
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| 425 | !-- Calculate error |
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| 426 | err_ros = e1 * g1 + e2 * g2 + e3 * g3 + e4 * g4 |
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| 427 | errmax = 0.0_wp |
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| 428 | errmax = MAX( errmax, ABS( err_ros / r_ros_ini ) ) / eps_ros |
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| 429 | ! |
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| 430 | !-- Leave loop if accuracy is sufficient, otherwise try again |
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| 431 | !-- with a reduced stepsize |
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| 432 | IF ( errmax <= 1.0_wp ) THEN |
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| 433 | EXIT |
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| 434 | ELSE |
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| 435 | dt_ros = MAX( ABS( 0.9_wp * dt_ros * errmax**pshrnk ), & |
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| 436 | shrnk * ABS( dt_ros ) ) |
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| 437 | ENDIF |
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| 438 | |
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| 439 | ENDDO ! loop for stepsize adjustment |
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| 440 | |
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| 441 | ! |
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| 442 | !-- Calculate next internal time step |
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| 443 | IF ( errmax > errcon ) THEN |
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| 444 | dt_ros_next = 0.9_wp * dt_ros * errmax**pgrow |
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| 445 | ELSE |
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| 446 | dt_ros_next = grow * dt_ros |
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| 447 | ENDIF |
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| 448 | |
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| 449 | ! |
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| 450 | !-- Estimated time step is reduced if the PALM time step is exceeded |
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| 451 | IF ( ( dt_ros_next + dt_ros_sum ) >= dt_3d ) THEN |
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| 452 | dt_ros = dt_3d - dt_ros_sum |
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| 453 | ELSE |
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| 454 | dt_ros = dt_ros_next |
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| 455 | ENDIF |
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| 456 | |
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| 457 | ENDDO |
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| 458 | ! |
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| 459 | !-- Store internal time step value for next PALM step |
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| 460 | particles(n)%rvar1 = dt_ros_next |
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| 461 | |
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| 462 | ! |
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| 463 | !-- Radius should not fall below 1E-8 because Rosenbrock method may |
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| 464 | !-- lead to errors otherwise |
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| 465 | new_r(n) = MAX( r_ros, particles(n)%rvar2 ) |
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| 466 | ! |
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| 467 | !-- Check if calculated droplet radius change is reasonable since in |
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| 468 | !-- case of droplet evaporation the Rosenbrock method may lead to |
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| 469 | !-- secondary solutions which are physically unlikely. |
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| 470 | !-- Due to the solution effect the droplets may grow for relative |
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| 471 | !-- humidities below 100%, but change of radius should not be too |
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| 472 | !-- large. In case of unreasonable droplet growth the Rosenbrock |
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| 473 | !-- method is recalculated using a smaller initial time step. |
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| 474 | !-- Limiting values are tested for droplets down to 1.0E-7 |
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| 475 | IF ( new_r(n) - particles(n)%radius >= 3.0E-7_wp .AND. & |
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| 476 | e_a / e_s < 0.97_wp ) THEN |
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| 477 | ros_count = ros_count + 1 |
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| 478 | repeat = .TRUE. |
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| 479 | ENDIF |
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| 480 | |
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| 481 | ENDDO ! Rosenbrock method |
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| 482 | |
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| 483 | ENDIF |
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| 484 | |
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| 485 | delta_r = new_r(n) - particles(n)%radius |
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| 486 | |
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| 487 | ! |
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| 488 | !-- Sum up the change in volume of liquid water for the respective grid |
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| 489 | !-- volume (this is needed later in lpm_calc_liquid_water_content for |
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| 490 | !-- calculating the release of latent heat) |
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| 491 | ql_c(kp,jp,ip) = ql_c(kp,jp,ip) + particles(n)%weight_factor * & |
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| 492 | rho_l * 1.33333333_wp * pi * & |
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| 493 | ( new_r(n)**3 - particles(n)%radius**3 ) / & |
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| 494 | ( rho_surface * dx * dy * dz ) |
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| 495 | IF ( ql_c(kp,jp,ip) > 100.0_wp ) THEN |
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| 496 | WRITE( message_string, * ) 'k=',kp,' j=',jp,' i=',ip, & |
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| 497 | ' ql_c=',ql_c(kp,jp,ip), ' &part(',n,')%wf=', & |
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| 498 | particles(n)%weight_factor,' delta_r=',delta_r |
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| 499 | CALL message( 'lpm_droplet_condensation', 'PA0143', 2, 2, -1, 6, 1 ) |
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| 500 | ENDIF |
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| 501 | |
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| 502 | ! |
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| 503 | !-- Change the droplet radius |
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| 504 | IF ( ( new_r(n) - particles(n)%radius ) < 0.0_wp .AND. & |
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| 505 | new_r(n) < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
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| 506 | WRITE( message_string, * ) '#1 k=',kp,' j=',jp,' i=',ip, & |
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| 507 | ' e_s=',e_s, ' e_a=',e_a,' t_int=',t_int, & |
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| 508 | ' &delta_r=',delta_r, & |
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| 509 | ' particle_radius=',particles(n)%radius |
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| 510 | CALL message( 'lpm_droplet_condensation', 'PA0144', 2, 2, -1, 6, 1 ) |
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| 511 | ENDIF |
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| 512 | |
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| 513 | ! |
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| 514 | !-- Sum up the total volume of liquid water (needed below for |
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| 515 | !-- re-calculating the weighting factors) |
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| 516 | ql_v(kp,jp,ip) = ql_v(kp,jp,ip) + particles(n)%weight_factor * new_r(n)**3 |
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| 517 | |
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| 518 | particles(n)%radius = new_r(n) |
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| 519 | |
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| 520 | ! |
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| 521 | !-- Determine radius class of the particle needed for collision |
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| 522 | IF ( ( hall_kernel .OR. wang_kernel ) .AND. use_kernel_tables ) & |
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| 523 | THEN |
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| 524 | particles(n)%class = ( LOG( new_r(n) ) - rclass_lbound ) / & |
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| 525 | ( rclass_ubound - rclass_lbound ) * & |
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| 526 | radius_classes |
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| 527 | particles(n)%class = MIN( particles(n)%class, radius_classes ) |
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| 528 | particles(n)%class = MAX( particles(n)%class, 1 ) |
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| 529 | ENDIF |
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| 530 | |
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| 531 | ENDDO |
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| 532 | |
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| 533 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(42), 'lpm_droplet_condens', 'stop' ) |
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| 534 | |
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| 535 | |
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| 536 | END SUBROUTINE lpm_droplet_condensation |
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