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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 2297

Last change on this file since 2297 was 2296, checked in by maronga, 7 years ago
added new spinup mechanism for surface/radiation models
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File size: 181.1 KB

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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2296 2017-06-28 07:53:56Z scharf $
27	! Bugfix in calculation of bare soil heat capacity.
28	! Bugfix in calculation of shf
29	! Added support for spinups
30	!
31	! 2282 2017-06-13 11:38:46Z schwenkel
32	! Bugfix for check of saturation moisture
33	!
34	! 2273 2017-06-09 12:46:06Z sward
35	! Error number changed
36	!
37	! 2270 2017-06-09 12:18:47Z maronga
38	! Revised parameterization of heat conductivity between skin layer and soil.
39	! Temperature and moisture are now defined at the center of the layers.
40	! Renamed veg_type to vegetation_type and pave_type to pavement_type_name
41	! Renamed and reduced the number of look-up tables (vegetation_pars, soil_pars)
42	! Revised land surface model initialization
43	! Removed output of shf_eb and qsws_eb and removed _eb throughout code
44	! Removed Clapp & Hornberger parameterization
45	!
46	! 2249 2017-06-06 13:58:01Z sward
47	!
48	! 2248 2017-06-06 13:52:54Z sward $
49	! Error no changed
50	!
51	! 2246 2017-06-06 13:09:34Z sward
52	! Error no changed
53	!
54	! Changed soil configuration to 8 layers. The number of soil layers is now
55	! freely adjustable via the NAMELIST.
56	!
57	! 2237 2017-05-31 10:34:53Z suehring
58	! Bugfix in write restart data
59	!
60	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
61	!
62	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
63	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept
64	! - now, also vertical walls are possible
65	! - for vertical walls, parametrization of r_a (aerodynamic resisistance) is
66	! implemented.
67	!
68	! Add check for soil moisture, it must not exceed its saturation value.
69	!
70	! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf
71	! Land surface parameters II corrected for vegetation_type 18 and 19
72	!
73	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
74	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
75	!
76	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
77	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
78	!
79	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
80	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
81	!
82	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
83	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
84	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
85	!
86	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
87	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
88	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
89	!
90	!
91	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
92	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
93	!
94	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
95	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
96	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
97	!
98	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
99	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
100	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
101	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
102	!
103	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
104	! prr moved to arrays_3d
105	!
106	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
107	! Cleanup after modularization
108	!
109	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
110	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
111	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
112	!
113	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
114	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
115	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
116	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
117	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
118	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
119	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
120	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
121	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
122	! Syntax layout improved.
123	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
124	!
125	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
126	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
127	!
128	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
129	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
130	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
131	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
132	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
133	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
134	!
135	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
136	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
137	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
138	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
139	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
140	! Added todo action
141	!
142	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
143	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
144	!
145	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
146	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
147	! Replaced rif with ol
148	!
149	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
150	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
151	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
152	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
153	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
154	!
155	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
156	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
157	!
158	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
159	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
160	!
161	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
162	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
163	!
164	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
165	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
166	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
167	!
168	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
169	! Added output of r_a and r_s
170	!
171	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
172	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
173	! profile
174	!
175	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
176	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
177	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
178	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
179	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
180	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
181	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
182	! calculation
183	!
184	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
185	!
186	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
187	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
188	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
189	! Added support for dry runs.
190	!
191	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
192	! Initial revision
193	!
194	!
195	! Description:
196	! ------------
197	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
198	!> surface and a multi layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
199	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
200	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
201	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
202	!>
203	!> @todo Restart data for vertical natural land-surfaces
204	!> @todo Extensive verification energy-balance solver for vertical surfaces,
205	!> e.g. parametrization of r_a
206	!> @todo Revise single land-surface processes for vertical surfaces, e.g.
207	!> treatment of humidity, etc.
208	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
209	!> skin layer.
210	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
211	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
212	!> nzt_soil=3)).
213	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
214	!> with considerable precipitation.
215	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
216	!> @todo Revise calculation of f2 when wilting point is non-constant in the
217	!> soil
218	!> @todo Solve problems with soil heat flux paramterization
219	!> @todo Make pavement_depth variable for each surface element
220	!> @todo Allow for zero soil moisture (currently, it is set to wilting point)
221	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
222	!> become too thin.
223	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
224	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
225
226	USE arrays_3d, &
227	ONLY: hyp, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, vpt, u, v, w
228
229	USE cloud_parameters, &
230	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
231
232	USE control_parameters, &
233	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_start_time, dt_3d, end_time, humidity, &
234	intermediate_timestep_count, &
235	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
236	land_surface, max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
237	rho_surface, spinup, spinup_pt_mean, spinup_time, &
238	surface_pressure, timestep_scheme, tsc, &
239	time_since_reference_point
240
241	USE indices, &
242	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb
243
244	USE kinds
245
246	USE pegrid
247
248	USE radiation_model_mod, &
249	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
250	rad_lw_out_change_0, radiation_scheme, &
251	unscheduled_radiation_calls
252
253	USE statistics, &
254	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
255
256	USE surface_mod, &
257	ONLY : surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type
258
259	IMPLICIT NONE
260
261	TYPE surf_type_lsm
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_1D !< 1D prognostic variable
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_2D !< 2D prognostic variable
264	END TYPE surf_type_lsm
265
266	!
267	!-- LSM model constants
268
269	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
270	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
271	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil (W/m/K)
272	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix (W/m/K)
273	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water (W/m/K)
274	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
275	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil (J/m3/K)
276	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water (J/m3/K)
277	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
278
279
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: zs_default = & ! default soil layer configuration
281	(/ 0.005_wp, 0.02_wp, 0.04_wp, &
282	0.07_wp, 0.15_wp, 0.28_wp, &
283	1.00_wp, 2.89_wp /)
284
285
286	!
287	!-- LSM variables
288	CHARACTER(10) :: surface_type = 'netcdf' !< general classification. Allowed are:
289	!< 'vegetation', 'pavement', ('building'),
290	!< 'water', and 'netcdf'
291
292
293
294	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (Earth's surface)
295	nzt_soil = 7, & !< top of the soil model
296	nzs = 8, & !< number of soil layers
297	pavement_type = 1, & !< default NAMELIST pavement_type
298	soil_type = 3, & !< default NAMELIST soil_type
299	vegetation_type = 2, & !< default NAMELIST vegetation_type
300	water_type = 1 !< default NAMELISt water_type
301
302
303
304	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
305	constant_roughness = .FALSE., & !< use fixed/dynamic roughness lengths for water surfaces
306	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag to force calling of radiation routine
307	aero_resist_kray = .TRUE. !< flag to control parametrization of aerodynamic resistance at vertical surface elements
308
309	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
310	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
311	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
312	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
313	c_surface = 9999999.9_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity (J/m2/K)
314	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
315	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
316	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
317	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
318	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
319	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
320	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
321	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil (W/m/K)
322	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s (W/m2/K)
323	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u (W/m2/K)
324	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
325	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
326	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
327	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
328	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
329	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
330	pavement_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
331	pavement_heat_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads) (J/m3/K)
332	pavement_heat_conduct = 9999999.9_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads) (W/m/K)
333	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
334	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
335	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
336	rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v
337	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
338	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
339	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
340	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
341	water_temperature = 9999999.9_wp, & !< water temperature
342	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
343	z0_vegetation = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
344	z0h_vegetation = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
345	z0q_vegetation = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
346	z0_pavement = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
347	z0h_pavement = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
348	z0q_pavement = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
349	z0_water = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
350	z0h_water = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
351	z0q_water = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
352
353
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
355	ddz_soil_layer, & !< 1/dz_soil_layer
356	dz_soil, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
357	dz_soil_layer, & !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
358	root_extr !< root extraction
359
360
361
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:20) :: root_fraction = 9999999.9_wp, & !< (NAMELIST) distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
363	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil moisture content (m3/m3)
364	soil_temperature = 300.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil temperature (K) +1
365	zs = 9999999.9_wp, & !< (NAMELIST) soil layer depths (center)
366	zs_layer = 9999999.9_wp !< soil layer depths (edge)
367
368	#if defined( __nopointer )
369	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
370	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
371	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
372	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
373
374	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
375	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
376	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
377	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
378	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
379	#else
380	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
381	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
382	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
383	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
384
385	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h_1, & !<
386	t_soil_h_2, & !<
387	m_soil_h_1, & !<
388	m_soil_h_2 !<
389
390	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
391	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
392	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
393	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
394	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
395
396	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET ::&
397	t_soil_v_1, & !<
398	t_soil_v_2, & !<
399	m_soil_v_1, & !<
400	m_soil_v_2 !<
401	#endif
402
403	#if defined( __nopointer )
404	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
405	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
406	m_liq_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
407	m_liq_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
408
409	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
410	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
411	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
412	m_liq_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
413	m_liq_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
414	#else
415	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
416	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
417	m_liq_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
418	m_liq_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
419
420	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h_1, & !<
421	t_surface_h_2, & !<
422	m_liq_h_1, & !<
423	m_liq_h_2 !<
424
425	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
426	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
427	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
428	m_liq_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
429	m_liq_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
430
431	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
432	t_surface_v_1, & !<
433	t_surface_v_2, & !<
434	m_liq_v_1, & !<
435	m_liq_v_2 !<
436	#endif
437
438	#if defined( __nopointer )
439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_av
440	#else
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_av
442	#endif
443
444	#if defined( __nopointer )
445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
446	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
447	#else
448	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
449	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
450	#endif
451
452	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_liq_h_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), horizontal surface elements
453	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_surface_h_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), horizontal surface elements
454	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_soil_h_m !< t_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
455	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_soil_h_m !< m_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
456
457	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_liq_v_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), vertical surface elements
458	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_surface_v_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), vertical surface elements
459	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_soil_v_m !< t_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
460	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_soil_v_m !< m_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
461
462	!
463	!-- Energy balance variables
464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
465	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
466	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
467	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
468	ghf_av, & !< average of ghf
469	lai_av, & !< average of lai
470	qsws_liq_av, & !< average of qsws_liq
471	qsws_soil_av, & !< average of qsws_soil
472	qsws_veg_av, & !< average of qsws_veg
473	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
474	r_s_av !< average of r_s
475
476
477	!
478	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (vegetation_type)
479	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:18), PARAMETER :: vegetation_type_name = (/ &
480	'user defined ', & ! 0
481	'bare soil ', & ! 1
482	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 2
483	'short grass ', & ! 3
484	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 4
485	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 5
486	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
487	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 7
488	'tall grass ', & ! 8
489	'desert ', & ! 9
490	'tundra ', & ! 10
491	'irrigated crops ', & ! 11
492	'semidesert ', & ! 12
493	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 13
494	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 14
495	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 15
496	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 16
497	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 17
498	'interrupted forest ' & ! 18
499	/)
500
501	!
502	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
503	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:6), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
504	'user defined', & ! 0
505	'coarse ', & ! 1
506	'medium ', & ! 2
507	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
508	'fine ', & ! 4
509	'very fine ', & ! 5
510	'organic ' & ! 6
511	/)
512
513	!
514	!-- Pavement classes
515	CHARACTER(20), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: pavement_type_name = (/ &
516	'user defined ', & ! 0
517	'asphalt ', & ! 1
518	'concrete ', & ! 2
519	'asphalt/concrete mix', & ! 3
520	'brick pavers ', & ! 4
521	'cobblestone pavers ', & ! 5
522	'sett pavers ', & ! 6
523	'gravel pavers ' & ! 7
524	/)
525
526	!
527	!-- Water classes
528	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:4), PARAMETER :: water_type_name = (/ &
529	'user defined', & ! 0
530	'lake ', & ! 1
531	'river ', & ! 2
532	'ocean ', & ! 3
533	'pond ' & ! 4
534	/)
535
536	!
537	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (vegetation_type)
538
539	!
540	!-- Land surface parameters
541	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d z0, z0h, lambda_s_s, lambda_s_u, f_sw_in, c_surface
542	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:9,1:18), PARAMETER :: vegetation_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
543	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.5E-2_wp, 0.5E-4_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
544	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
545	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 3
546	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 4
547	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 5
548	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 6
549	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
550	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
551	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 196.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
552	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
553	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
554	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
555	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 812.0_wp, 812.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
556	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
557	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
558	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
559	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
560	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 18
561	/), (/ 10, 18 /) )
562
563
564	!
565	!-- Root distribution for default soil layer configuration (sum = 1)
566	!-- level 1 - level 8
567	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:18), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/&
568	1.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
569	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 1
570	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.108_wp, &
571	0.195_wp, 0.214_wp, 0.284_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 2
572	0.050_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.136_wp, &
573	0.181_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 3
574	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.111_wp, &
575	0.185_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.040_wp, & ! 4
576	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.110_wp, &
577	0.180_wp, 0.199_wp, 0.277_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 5
578	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.105_wp, &
579	0.180_wp, 0.201_wp, 0.295_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 6
580	0.035_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.105_wp, &
581	0.161_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.282_wp, 0.093_wp, & ! 7
582	0.040_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.112_wp, &
583	0.176_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.266_wp, 0.060_wp, & ! 8
584	0.142_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, &
585	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 9
586	0.068_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.177_wp, &
587	0.214_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.070_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 10
588	0.035_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.108_wp, &
589	0.195_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.285_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 11
590	0.025_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.078_wp, &
591	0.147_wp, 0.175_wp, 0.353_wp, 0.126_wp, & ! 12
592	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
593	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 13
594	0.036_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.103_wp, &
595	0.163_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.074_wp, & ! 14
596	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
597	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 15
598	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
599	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 16
600	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
601	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 17
602	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
603	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp & ! 18
604	/), (/ 8, 18 /) )
605
606
607	!
608	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
609
610	!
611	!-- Soil parameters alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat, m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
612	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:6), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
613	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, 0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp,& ! 1
614	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, 0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 2
615	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, 0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 3
616	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, 0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 4
617	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, 0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 5
618	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, 0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp & ! 6
619	/), (/ 8, 6 /) )
620
621	!
622	!-- TO BE FILLED
623	!-- Pavement parameters depth, z0, z0h, lambda_h, rho_c
624	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:4,1:7), PARAMETER :: pavement_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
625	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 1
626	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 2
627	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 3
628	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 4
629	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 5
630	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 6
631	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp & ! 7
632	/), (/ 5, 7 /) )
633
634	!
635	!-- TO BE FILLED
636	!-- Water parameters temperature, z0, z0h
637	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:4), PARAMETER :: water_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
638	283.0_wp, 0.01_wp, 0.001_wp, & ! 1
639	283.0_wp, 0.01_wp, 0.001_wp, & ! 2
640	283.0_wp, 0.01_wp, 0.001_wp, & ! 3
641	283.0_wp, 10.01_wp, 0.001_wp & ! 4
642	/), (/ 3, 4 /) )
643
644	SAVE
645
646
647	PRIVATE
648
649
650	!
651	!-- Public functions
652	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
653	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
654	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
655	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
656	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
657	! !vegetat
658	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
659	PUBLIC aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
660
661	!
662	!-- Public grid variables
663	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
664
665	!
666	!-- Public prognostic variables
667	PUBLIC m_soil_h, t_soil_h
668
669
670	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
671	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
672	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
673
674	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
675	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
676	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
677
678	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
679	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
680	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
681
682	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
683	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
684	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
685
686	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
687	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
688	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
689
690	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
691	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
692	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
693
694	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
695	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
696	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
697
698	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
699	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
700	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
701
702	INTERFACE lsm_header
703	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
704	END INTERFACE lsm_header
705
706	INTERFACE lsm_init
707	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
708	END INTERFACE lsm_init
709
710	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
711	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
712	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
713
714	INTERFACE lsm_parin
715	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
716	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
717
718	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
719	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
720	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
721
722	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
723	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
724	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
725
726	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
727	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
728	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
729
730	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
731	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
732	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
733
734	CONTAINS
735
736	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
737	! Description:
738	! ------------
739	!> Check data output for land surface model
740	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
741	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
742
743
744	USE control_parameters, &
745	ONLY: data_output, message_string
746
747	IMPLICIT NONE
748
749	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
750	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
751
752	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
753	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
754	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
755
756	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
757
758	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
759	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
760	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
761	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
762	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
763	ENDIF
764	unit = 'm3/m3'
765
766	CASE ( 't_soil' )
767	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
768	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
769	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
770	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
771	ENDIF
772	unit = 'K'
773
774	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf', 'm_liq',&
775	'qsws_liq', 'qsws_soil', 'qsws_veg*', &
776	'r_a', 'r_s' )
777	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
778	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
779	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
780	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
781	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
782	ENDIF
783	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
784	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
785	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
786	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
787	ENDIF
788	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
789	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
790	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
791	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
792	ENDIF
793	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
794	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
795	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
796	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
797	ENDIF
798	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
799	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
800	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
801	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
802	ENDIF
803	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
804	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
805	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
806	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
807	ENDIF
808	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
809	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
810	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
811	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
812	ENDIF
813	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
814	THEN
815	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
816	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
817	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
818	ENDIF
819	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
820	THEN
821	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
822	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
823	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
824	ENDIF
825	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
826	THEN
827	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
828	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
829	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
830	ENDIF
831	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
832	THEN
833	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
834	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
835	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
836	ENDIF
837	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
838	THEN
839	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
840	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
841	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
842	ENDIF
843
844	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
845	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
846	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
847	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
848	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf*') unit = 'W/m2'
849	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq*' ) unit = 'm'
850	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
851	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
852	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
853	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
854	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
855
856	CASE DEFAULT
857	unit = 'illegal'
858
859	END SELECT
860
861
862	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
863
864
865	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
866	! Description:
867	! ------------
868	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
869	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
870	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
871
872	USE control_parameters, &
873	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
874
875	USE indices
876
877	USE profil_parameter
878
879	USE statistics
880
881	IMPLICIT NONE
882
883	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
884	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
885	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
886
887	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
888	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
889
890	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
891
892	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
893	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
894	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
895	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
896	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
897	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
898	ELSE
899	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
900	dopr_unit = 'K'
901	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
902	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
903	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
904	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
905	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
906	ENDIF
907	unit = dopr_unit
908	ENDIF
909
910	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
911	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
912	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
913	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
914	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
915	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
916	ELSE
917	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
918	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
919	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
920	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
921	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
922	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
923	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
924	ENDIF
925	unit = dopr_unit
926	ENDIF
927
928
929	CASE DEFAULT
930	unit = 'illegal'
931
932	END SELECT
933
934
935	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
936
937
938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
939	! Description:
940	! ------------
941	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
943	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
944
945	USE control_parameters, &
946	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
947	most_method
948
949	USE radiation_model_mod, &
950	ONLY: radiation
951
952
953	IMPLICIT NONE
954
955	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index, z-dimension
956
957	!
958	!-- Check for a valid setting of surface_type. The default value is 'netcdf'.
959	!-- In that case, the surface types are read from NetCDF file
960	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'vegetation' .AND. &
961	TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'pavement' .AND. &
962	TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'water' .AND. &
963	TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'netcdf' ) THEN
964	message_string = 'unknown surface type surface_type = "' // &
965	TRIM( surface_type ) // '"'
966	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0019', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
967	ENDIF
968
969	!
970	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
971	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
972	!-- model
973	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
974	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
975	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
976	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
977	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
978	ENDIF
979
980	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
981	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
982	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
983	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
984	ENDIF
985
986	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) == 'vegetation' ) THEN
987
988	IF ( vegetation_type == 0 ) THEN
989	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
990	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
991	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
992	'/= 9999999.9'
993	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
994	ENDIF
995
996	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
997	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
998	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
999	'/= 9999999.9'
1000	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1004	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1005	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
1006	'/= 9999999.9'
1007	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1008	ENDIF
1009
1010	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
1011	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1012	'requires setting of'// &
1013	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
1014	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1015	ENDIF
1016
1017	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1018	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1019	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
1020	'/= 9999999.9'
1021	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1022	ENDIF
1023
1024	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1025	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1026	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
1027	'/= 9999999.9'
1028	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1032	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1033	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
1034	'/= 9999999.9'
1035	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1036	ENDIF
1037
1038	IF ( z0_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1039	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1040	'requires setting of z0_vegetation'// &
1041	'/= 9999999.9'
1042	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1043	ENDIF
1044
1045	IF ( z0h_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1046	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1047	'requires setting of z0h_vegetation'// &
1048	'/= 9999999.9'
1049	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1050	ENDIF
1051	ENDIF
1052
1053	ENDIF
1054
1055	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) == 'water' ) THEN
1056
1057	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
1058	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'surface_type = ', surface_type, &
1059	' is not allowed in combination with ', &
1060	'most_method = ', most_method
1061	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1062	ENDIF
1063
1064	IF ( water_type == 0 ) THEN
1065
1066	IF ( z0_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1067	message_string = 'water_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1068	'requires setting of z0_water'// &
1069	'/= 9999999.9'
1070	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1071	ENDIF
1072
1073	IF ( z0h_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1074	message_string = 'water_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1075	'requires setting of z0h_water'// &
1076	'/= 9999999.9'
1077	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0392', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1078	ENDIF
1079
1080	IF ( water_temperature == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1081	message_string = 'water_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1082	'requires setting of water_temperature'// &
1083	'/= 9999999.9'
1084	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0379', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1085	ENDIF
1086
1087	ENDIF
1088
1089	ENDIF
1090
1091
1092
1093	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) == 'pavement' ) THEN
1094
1095	IF ( pavement_type == 0 ) THEN
1096
1097	IF ( z0_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1098	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1099	'requires setting of z0_pavement'// &
1100	'/= 9999999.9'
1101	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0352', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1102	ENDIF
1103
1104	IF ( z0h_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1105	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1106	'requires setting of z0h_pavement'// &
1107	'/= 9999999.9'
1108	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0353', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1109	ENDIF
1110
1111	IF ( pavement_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1112	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1113	'requires setting of pavement_depth'// &
1114	'/= 9999999.9'
1115	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0341', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1116	ENDIF
1117
1118	IF ( pavement_heat_conduct == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1119	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1120	'requires setting of pavement_heat_conduct'// &
1121	'/= 9999999.9'
1122	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0342', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1123	ENDIF
1124
1125	IF ( pavement_heat_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1126	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1127	'requires setting of pavement_heat_capacity'// &
1128	'/= 9999999.9'
1129	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0139', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1130	ENDIF
1131
1132	ENDIF
1133
1134	ENDIF
1135
1136	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
1137
1138	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1139	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1140	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
1141	'/= 9999999.9'
1142	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1143	ENDIF
1144
1145	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1146	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1147	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
1148	'/= 9999999.9'
1149	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1150	ENDIF
1151
1152	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1153	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1154	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
1155	'/= 9999999.9'
1156	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1157	ENDIF
1158
1159	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1160	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1161	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1162	'/= 9999999.9'
1163	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1164	ENDIF
1165
1166	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1167	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1168	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1169	'/= 9999999.9'
1170	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1171	ENDIF
1172
1173	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1174	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1175	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1176	'/= 9999999.9'
1177	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1178	ENDIF
1179
1180	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1181	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1182	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1183	'/= 9999999.9'
1184	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1188	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1189	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1190	'/= 9999999.9'
1191	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1192	ENDIF
1193
1194	ENDIF
1195
1196	!
1197	!-- Determine number of soil layers to be used and check whether an appropriate
1198	!-- root fraction is prescribed
1199	nzb_soil = 0
1200	nzt_soil = -1
1201	IF ( ALL( zs == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1202	nzt_soil = 7
1203	zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) = zs_default
1204	ELSE
1205	DO k = 0, 19
1206	IF ( zs(k) /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1207	nzt_soil = nzt_soil + 1
1208	IF ( root_fraction(k) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1209	message_string = 'manual setting of zs '// &
1210	'requires adequate setting of root_fraction'//&
1211	'/= 9999999.9 ' // &
1212	'and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1213	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0452', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1214	ENDIF
1215	ENDIF
1216	ENDDO
1217	ENDIF
1218
1219	IF ( vegetation_type == 0 ) THEN
1220	IF ( SUM( root_fraction(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
1221	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1222	'requires setting of root_fraction'// &
1223	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1224	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1225	ENDIF
1226	ENDIF
1227
1228
1229	!
1230	!-- Check for proper setting of soil moisture, must not be larger than its
1231	!-- saturation value.
1232	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1233	IF ( soil_moisture(k) > saturation_moisture ) THEN
1234	message_string = 'soil_moisture must not exceed its saturation' // &
1235	' value'
1236	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0458', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1237	ENDIF
1238	ENDDO
1239
1240	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1241
1242	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1243	! Description:
1244	! ------------
1245	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1246	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1247	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance( horizontal, l )
1248
1249
1250	USE pegrid
1251
1252	IMPLICIT NONE
1253
1254	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1255	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for x
1256	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1257	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for y
1258	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1259	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for z
1260	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_rad !< index to access radiation array
1261	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< running index
1262	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-facing index
1263	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index concerning wall elements
1264
1265	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< Flag indicating horizontal or vertical surfaces
1266
1267	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1268	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1269	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1270	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1271	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1272	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1273	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1274	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1275	tend, & !< tendency
1276	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1277	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1278	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1279	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws
1280	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg
1281	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil
1282	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq
1283	f_shf, & !< factor for shf
1284	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface (W/m2/K)
1285	m_liq_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1286	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1287	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1288
1289	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface
1290	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface_p
1291	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_surface_m
1292	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq
1293	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_p
1294	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_liq_m
1295
1296	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
1297	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
1298
1299	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
1300
1301	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
1302	surf => surf_lsm_h
1303
1304	surf_t_surface => t_surface_h
1305	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_h_p
1306	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_h_m
1307	surf_m_liq => m_liq_h
1308	surf_m_liq_p => m_liq_h_p
1309	surf_tm_liq_m => tm_liq_h_m
1310	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
1311	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
1312
1313	k_off = -1
1314	j_off = 0
1315	i_off = 0
1316	ELSE
1317	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
1318
1319	surf_t_surface => t_surface_v(l)
1320	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_v_p(l)
1321	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_v_m(l)
1322	surf_m_liq => m_liq_v(l)
1323	surf_m_liq_p => m_liq_v_p(l)
1324	surf_tm_liq_m => tm_liq_v_m(l)
1325	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
1326	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
1327
1328	k_off = 0
1329	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
1330	j_off = -1
1331	i_off = 0
1332	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
1333	j_off = 1
1334	i_off = 0
1335	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
1336	j_off = 0
1337	i_off = -1
1338	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
1339	j_off = 0
1340	i_off = 1
1341	ENDIF
1342	ENDIF
1343
1344	!
1345	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1346	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1347
1348	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1349
1350	i = surf%i(m)
1351	j = surf%j(m)
1352	k = surf%k(m)
1353	!
1354	!-- Determine height index for radiation. Note, in clear-sky case radiation
1355	!-- arrays have rank 0 in first dimensions, so index must be zero. In case
1356	!-- of RRTMG radiation arrays have non-zero rank in first dimension, so that
1357	!-- radiation can be obtained at respective height level
1358	k_rad = MERGE( 0, k + k_off, radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1359
1360	!
1361	!-- Define heat conductivity between surface and soil depending on surface
1362	!-- type. For vegetation, a skin layer parameterization is used. For bare
1363	!-- soil and pavements, no skin layer is applied. In these cases, the
1364	!-- temperature is assumed to be constant between the surface and the first
1365	!-- soil layer. The heat conductivity is then derived from the soil/
1366	!-- pavement properties. For water surfaces, the conductivity is already set
1367	!-- to 1E10.
1368	!-- Moreover, the heat capacity is set. For bare soil the heat capacity is
1369	!-- the capacity of the uppermost soil layer
1370	IF ( surf%lambda_surface_s(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1371
1372	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(nzb_soil,m)) &
1373	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1374
1375	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) / &
1376	surf%m_sat(nzb_soil,m) ) )
1377
1378	lambda_surface = (ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + lambda_h_dry )&
1379	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) * 2.0_wp
1380
1381	c_surface_tmp = (rho_c_soil * ( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(nzb_soil,m) ) &
1382	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
1383	* dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1384
1385	ELSEIF ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) >= surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)) &
1386	THEN
1387
1388	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_s(m)
1389	c_surface_tmp = surf%c_surface(m)
1390
1391	ELSE
1392
1393	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_u(m)
1394	c_surface_tmp = surf%c_surface(m)
1395
1396	ENDIF
1397
1398	!
1399	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1400	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1401	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1402	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1403	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1404	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
1405	qv1 = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
1406	ELSE
1407	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
1408	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1409	qv1 = q(k,j,i)
1410	ELSE
1411	qv1 = 0.0_wp
1412	ENDIF
1413	ENDIF
1414	!
1415	!-- Calculate aerodynamical resistance. For horizontal and vertical
1416	!-- surfaces MOST is applied. Moreover, for vertical surfaces, resistance
1417	!-- can be obtain via parameterization of Mason (2000) /
1418	!-- Krayenhoff and Voogt (2006).
1419	!-- To do: detailed investigation which approach is better!
1420	IF ( horizontal .OR. .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
1421	surf%r_a(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / &
1422	( surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
1423	ELSE
1424	surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp / ( 11.8_wp + 4.2_wp * &
1425	SQRT( ( ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1426	( ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1427	( ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 ) &
1428	)
1429	ENDIF
1430	!
1431	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1432	!-- stratification
1433	IF ( ABS( surf%r_a(m) ) < 1.0_wp ) surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp
1434	!
1435	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1436	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1437
1438	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1439	!-- night)
1440	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off) + 0.05_wp ) /&
1441	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1442	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1443	!
1444	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1445	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1446	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1447	m_total = 0.0_wp
1448	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1449	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(ks,m) &
1450	* MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(ks,m), surf%m_wilt(ks,m) )
1451	ENDDO
1452
1453	!
1454	!-- The calculation of f2 is based on only one wilting point value for all
1455	!-- soil layers. The value at k=nzb_soil is used here as a proxy but might
1456	!-- need refinement in the future.
1457	IF ( m_total > surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) .AND. &
1458	m_total < surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) ) THEN
1459	f2 = ( m_total - surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) ) / &
1460	( surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) - surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) )
1461	ELSEIF ( m_total >= surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) ) THEN
1462	f2 = 1.0_wp
1463	ELSE
1464	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1465	ENDIF
1466	!
1467	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1468	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) &
1469	- 273.16_wp ) / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) )
1470	!
1471	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1472	IF ( surf%g_d(m) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1473	!
1474	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1475	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1476	f3 = EXP ( - surf%g_d(m) * (e_s - e) )
1477	ELSE
1478	f3 = 1.0_wp
1479	ENDIF
1480	!
1481	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1482	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1483	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1484	surf%r_canopy(m) = surf%r_canopy_min(m) / &
1485	( surf%lai(m) * f1 * f2 * f3 + 1.0E-20_wp )
1486	!
1487	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil.
1488	m_min = surf%c_veg(m) * surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) + &
1489	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) * surf%m_res(nzb_soil,m)
1490
1491
1492	f2 = ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) - m_min ) / ( surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) - m_min )
1493	f2 = MAX( f2, 1.0E-20_wp )
1494	f2 = MIN( f2, 1.0_wp )
1495
1496	surf%r_soil(m) = surf%r_soil_min(m) / f2
1497
1498	!
1499	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1500	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1501	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1502	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1503	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1504	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1505	IF ( surf%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
1506	m_liq_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1507	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) / m_liq_max)**0.67 )
1508	ELSE
1509	m_liq_max = m_max_depth * ( surf%c_veg(m) * surf%lai(m) &
1510	+ ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) )
1511	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) / m_liq_max )
1512	ENDIF
1513	!
1514	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1515	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1516	!
1517	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1518	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1519	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1520	surf%r_canopy(m) = 0.0_wp
1521	surf%r_soil(m) = 0.0_wp
1522	ENDIF
1523
1524	!
1525	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1526	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1527	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1528	IF ( surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
1529	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1530	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1531	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / surf%r_a(m)
1532	ELSEIF ( surf%pavement_surface (m) ) THEN
1533	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1534	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1535	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_liq(m) / surf%r_a(m)
1536	ELSE
1537	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * &
1538	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_liq(m) ) / &
1539	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_canopy(m) )
1540	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) / &
1541	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_soil(m) )
1542	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * surf%c_liq(m) / &
1543	surf%r_a(m)
1544	ENDIF
1545
1546	f_shf = rho_cp / surf%r_a(m)
1547	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1548	!
1549	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1550	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp) - &
1551	17.269_wp*( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp) &
1552	/ ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1553
1554	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1555	!
1556	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1557	surf%rad_net_l(m) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1558	!
1559	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1560	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1561	!
1562	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1563	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1564	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1565	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1566	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) + lambda_surface &
1567	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1568	!
1569	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1570	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1571	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1572	ELSE
1573	!
1574	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1575	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1576	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1577	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1578	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1579	!
1580	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1581	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1582
1583	ENDIF
1584
1585	tend = 0.0_wp
1586
1587	!
1588	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1589	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1590	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp *&
1591	surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2&
1592	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1593
1594	!
1595	!-- Add RK3 term
1596	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1597
1598	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1599	tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1600
1601	!
1602	!-- Calculate true tendency
1603	tend = ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - &
1604	dt_3d * tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1605	!
1606	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1607	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1608	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1609	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1610	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1611	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1612	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1613	5.3125_wp * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1614	ENDIF
1615	ENDIF
1616	ENDIF
1617
1618	!
1619	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1620	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1621	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1622	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1623	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1624	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1625	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1626	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1627	IF ( ABS( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1628	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1629	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1630	ENDIF
1631
1632	pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn !is actually no air temperature
1633	surf%pt_surface(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn
1634
1635	!
1636	!-- Calculate fluxes
1637	surf%rad_net_l(m) = surf%rad_net_l(m) + &
1638	rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1639	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1640	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m)
1641
1642	rad_net(j,i) = surf%rad_net_l(m)
1643	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * &
1644	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) )
1645
1646	surf%ghf(m) = lambda_surface * ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) &
1647	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) )
1648
1649	surf%shf(m) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - surf%pt_surface(m) ) / cp
1650
1651
1652	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1653	surf%qsws(m) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1654	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1655	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1656
1657	surf%qsws_veg(m) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1658	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1659	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1660
1661	surf%qsws_soil(m) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1662	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1663	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1664
1665	surf%qsws_liq(m) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1666	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1667	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1668	ENDIF
1669
1670	!
1671	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1672	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1673	surf%r_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
1674	ELSE
1675	surf%r_s(m) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1676	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1677	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) / &
1678	surf%qsws(m) - surf%r_a(m)
1679	ENDIF
1680
1681	!
1682	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1683	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1684	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1685	!
1686	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq
1687	!-- and qsws_soil according the the vegetation coverage.
1688	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1689	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1690
1691	!
1692	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1693	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1694	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1695	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil is then not used in the soil model
1696	IF ( surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) /= m_liq_max ) THEN
1697	surf%qsws_liq(m) = surf%qsws_liq(m) &
1698	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1699	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1700	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1701	ELSE
1702	surf%qsws_soil(m) = surf%qsws_soil(m) &
1703	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1704	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1705	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1706	ENDIF
1707
1708	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1709	!-- coverage.
1710	surf%qsws_soil(m) = surf%qsws_soil(m) + ( 1.0_wp &
1711	- surf%c_veg(m) ) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1712	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1713	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1714	ENDIF
1715
1716	!
1717	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1718	IF ( surf%qsws(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1719	!
1720	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_max)
1721	!-- In that case, qsws_liq goes to qsws_soil. In this
1722	!-- case qsws_veg is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1723	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1724	IF ( surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) == m_liq_max ) THEN
1725	surf%qsws_soil(m) = surf%qsws_soil(m) + surf%qsws_liq(m)
1726
1727	surf%qsws_liq(m) = 0.0_wp
1728	ENDIF
1729
1730	!
1731	!-- In case qsws_veg becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1732	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1733	!-- plant
1734	IF ( surf%qsws_veg(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1735	surf%qsws_liq(m) = surf%qsws_liq(m) + surf%qsws_veg(m)
1736	surf%qsws_veg(m) = 0.0_wp
1737	ENDIF
1738	ENDIF
1739
1740	surf%qsws(m) = surf%qsws(m) / l_v
1741
1742	tend = - surf%qsws_liq(m) * drho_l_lv
1743	surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m) = surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1744	( tsc(2) * tend + &
1745	tsc(3) * surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m) )
1746	!
1747	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1748	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1749	surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m) = MIN( surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m),m_liq_max )
1750
1751	!
1752	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1753	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1754	surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m) = MAX( surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m), 0.0_wp )
1755	!
1756	!-- Calculate m_liq tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1757	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1758	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1759	surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1760	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1761	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1762	surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1763	5.3125_wp * surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m)
1764	ENDIF
1765	ENDIF
1766
1767	ENDIF
1768
1769	ENDDO
1770
1771	!
1772	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1773	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1774	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1775	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1776	#if defined( __parallel )
1777	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1778	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1779	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1780	#else
1781	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1782	#endif
1783	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1784	ENDIF
1785
1786	!
1787	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1788	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1789	CALL calc_q_surface
1790	ENDIF
1791
1792	!
1793	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1794	IF ( horizontal .AND. .NOT. constant_roughness ) CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1795
1796	CONTAINS
1797	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1798	! Description:
1799	! ------------
1800	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
1801	!> that the skin is always saturated.
1802	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1803	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1804
1805	IMPLICIT NONE
1806
1807	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
1808
1809	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1810
1811	i = surf%i(m)
1812	j = surf%j(m)
1813	k = surf%k(m)
1814
1815	!
1816	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1817	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * &
1818	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp ) / &
1819	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) &
1820	)
1821
1822	!
1823	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
1824	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1825
1826	resistance = surf%r_a(m) / ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_s(m) )
1827
1828	!
1829	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
1830	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1831	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1832	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1833	( q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) )
1834	ELSE
1835	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1836	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1837	q(k,j,i)
1838	ENDIF
1839
1840	!
1841	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
1842	vpt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) * &
1843	( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) )
1844
1845	ENDDO
1846
1847	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1848
1849
1850
1851	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1852
1853
1854	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1855	! Description:
1856	! ------------
1857	!> Header output for land surface model
1858	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1859	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1860
1861
1862	IMPLICIT NONE
1863
1864	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1865	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1866	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1867	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1868	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1869	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1870
1871	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1872
1873	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1874
1875	t_soil_chr = ''
1876	m_soil_chr = ''
1877	soil_depth_chr = ''
1878	roots_chr = ''
1879	vertical_index_chr = ''
1880
1881	i = 1
1882	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1883	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1884	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1885
1886	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1887	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1888
1889	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1890	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1891
1892	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1893	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1894
1895	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1896	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1897	TRIM( coor_chr )
1898	ENDDO
1899
1900	!
1901	!-- Write land surface model header
1902	WRITE( io, 1 )
1903	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1904	WRITE( io, 2 )
1905	ELSE
1906	WRITE( io, 3 )
1907	ENDIF
1908
1909	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( vegetation_type_name(vegetation_type) ), &
1910	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1911	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1912	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1913	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1914
1915	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1916	' ------------------------------'/)
1917	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1918	', default)')
1919	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1920	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1921	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1922	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1923	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1924	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1925	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1926	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1927	' Grid point: ',A)
1928
1929	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1930
1931
1932	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1933	! Description:
1934	! ------------
1935	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1937	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1938
1939	USE control_parameters, &
1940	ONLY: message_string
1941
1942	IMPLICIT NONE
1943
1944	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1945	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1946	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1947	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1948	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1949	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index surface facing
1950	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
1951
1952	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1953
1954	!
1955	!-- Calculate Exner function
1956	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1957	!
1958	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1959	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1960	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1961	ENDIF
1962
1963	!
1964	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1965	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1966	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1967	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1968	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1969
1970	!
1971	!-- Set initial values for prognostic quantities
1972	!-- Horizontal surfaces
1973	tt_surface_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1974	tt_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1975	tm_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1976	tm_liq_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1977	surf_lsm_h%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1978
1979	surf_lsm_h%ghf = 0.0_wp
1980
1981	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq = 0.0_wp
1982	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1983	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1984
1985	surf_lsm_h%r_a = 50.0_wp
1986	surf_lsm_h%r_s = 50.0_wp
1987	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1988	surf_lsm_h%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1989	!
1990	!-- Do the same for vertical surfaces
1991	DO l = 0, 3
1992	tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1993	tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1994	tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1995	tm_liq_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1996	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1997
1998	surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf = 0.0_wp
1999
2000	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq = 0.0_wp
2001	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
2002	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
2003
2004	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a = 50.0_wp
2005	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s = 50.0_wp
2006	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
2007	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil = 0.0_wp
2008	ENDDO
2009
2010	!
2011	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
2012	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
2013	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2014	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2015	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2016	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%l_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2017	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_fc(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2018	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_res(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2019	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2020	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2021	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%n_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2022	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2023	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2024
2025	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
2026	!
2027	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
2028	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2029	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2030	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2031
2032	surf_lsm_h%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
2033	ENDIF
2034	!
2035	!-- For vertical surfaces
2036	DO l = 0, 3
2037	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2038	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2039	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2040	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2041	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2042	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2043	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2044	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2045	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2046	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2047	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2048
2049	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
2050
2051	!
2052	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
2053	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2054	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2055	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2056
2057	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
2058	ENDIF
2059	ENDDO
2060
2061	!
2062	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
2063	!-- the center of the soil layers, whereas gradients/fluxes are
2064	!-- defined at the edges (_layer)
2065	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2066	dz_soil(k) = zs(k+1) - zs(k)
2067
2068	IF ( dz_soil(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2069	message_string = 'invalid soil layer configuration found ' // &
2070	'(dz_soil(k) = 0.0)'
2071	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0140', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2072	ENDIF
2073
2074	ENDDO
2075
2076	dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) = 2.0_wp * zs(nzb_soil)
2077	zs_layer(nzb_soil) = 2.0_wp * zs(nzb_soil)
2078
2079	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2080	dz_soil_layer(k) = ( zs(k) - zs_layer(k-1) ) * 2.0_wp
2081	zs_layer(k) = zs_layer(k-1) + dz_soil_layer(k)
2082	ENDDO
2083	dz_soil_layer(nzt_soil+1) = 0.5_wp * dz_soil_layer(nzt_soil)
2084	dz_soil(nzt_soil) = zs_layer(k-1) + dz_soil_layer(k) - zs(nzt_soil)
2085
2086
2087	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
2088	ddz_soil_layer = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_layer
2089
2090
2091	!
2092	!-- Set flag parameter for the prescribed surface type depending on user
2093	!-- input.
2094	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2095
2096	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( surface_type ) )
2097
2098	CASE ( 'vegetation' )
2099
2100	surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2101
2102	CASE ( 'water' )
2103
2104	surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2105
2106	CASE ( 'pavement' )
2107
2108	surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2109
2110	END SELECT
2111
2112	ENDDO
2113
2114	DO l = 0, 3
2115	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( surface_type ) )
2116
2117	CASE ( 'vegetation' )
2118
2119	surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface = .TRUE.
2120
2121	CASE ( 'water' )
2122
2123	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .TRUE.
2124
2125	CASE ( 'pavement' )
2126
2127	surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface = .TRUE.
2128
2129	END SELECT
2130
2131	ENDDO
2132	!
2133	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
2134	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
2135	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
2136	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
2137
2138	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2139	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
2140	ENDIF
2141
2142	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2143	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
2144	ENDIF
2145
2146	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2147	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
2148	ENDIF
2149
2150	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2151	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
2152	ENDIF
2153
2154	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2155	saturation_moisture = soil_pars(4,soil_type)
2156	ENDIF
2157
2158	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2159	field_capacity = soil_pars(5,soil_type)
2160	ENDIF
2161
2162	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2163	wilting_point = soil_pars(6,soil_type)
2164	ENDIF
2165
2166	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2167	residual_moisture = soil_pars(7,soil_type)
2168	ENDIF
2169
2170	ENDIF
2171
2172	!
2173	!-- Check whether parameters from the lookup tables are to be used
2174	IF ( vegetation_type /= 0 ) THEN
2175
2176	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2177	min_canopy_resistance = vegetation_pars(0,vegetation_type)
2178	ENDIF
2179
2180	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2181	leaf_area_index = vegetation_pars(1,vegetation_type)
2182	ENDIF
2183
2184	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2185	vegetation_coverage = vegetation_pars(2,vegetation_type)
2186	ENDIF
2187
2188	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2189	canopy_resistance_coefficient= vegetation_pars(3,vegetation_type)
2190	ENDIF
2191
2192	IF ( z0_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2193	z0_vegetation = vegetation_pars(4,vegetation_type)
2194	ENDIF
2195
2196	IF ( z0h_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2197	z0h_vegetation = vegetation_pars(5,vegetation_type)
2198	ENDIF
2199
2200	!
2201	!-- The heat conductivity between canopy and first soil layer must
2202	!-- depend on the depth of the soil layer. The value in the lookup
2203	!-- table refers to the first soil temperature at zs = -0.005 m. Lambda
2204	!-- is thus interpolated to the actual soil layer depth used.
2205	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2206	lambda_surface_stable = vegetation_pars(6,vegetation_type) &
2207	* 0.005_wp * ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2208	* 2.0_wp
2209	ENDIF
2210
2211	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2212	lambda_surface_unstable = vegetation_pars(7,vegetation_type) &
2213	* 0.005_wp * ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2214	* 2.0_wp
2215	ENDIF
2216
2217	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2218	f_shortwave_incoming = vegetation_pars(8,vegetation_type)
2219	ENDIF
2220
2221	IF ( c_surface == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2222	c_surface = vegetation_pars(9,vegetation_type)
2223	ENDIF
2224
2225	ENDIF
2226
2227	IF ( water_type /= 0 ) THEN
2228
2229	IF ( water_temperature == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2230	water_temperature = water_pars(0,water_type)
2231	ENDIF
2232
2233	IF ( z0_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2234	z0_water = water_pars(1,water_type)
2235	ENDIF
2236
2237	IF ( z0h_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2238	z0h_water = water_pars(2,water_type)
2239	ENDIF
2240
2241	ENDIF
2242
2243	IF ( pavement_type /= 0 ) THEN
2244
2245	IF ( pavement_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2246	pavement_depth = pavement_pars(0,pavement_type)
2247	ELSE
2248	pavement_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pavement_depth )
2249	ENDIF
2250
2251	IF ( z0_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2252	z0_pavement = pavement_pars(1,pavement_type)
2253	ENDIF
2254
2255	IF ( z0h_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2256	z0h_pavement = pavement_pars(2,pavement_type)
2257	ENDIF
2258
2259	IF ( pavement_heat_conduct == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2260	pavement_heat_conduct = pavement_pars(3,pavement_type)
2261	ENDIF
2262
2263	IF ( pavement_heat_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2264	pavement_heat_capacity = pavement_pars(4,pavement_type)
2265	ENDIF
2266
2267	ENDIF
2268	!
2269	!-- Map values to the respective 2D/3D arrays
2270	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2271	surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2272	surf_lsm_h%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2273	surf_lsm_h%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2274	surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2275	surf_lsm_h%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2276	surf_lsm_h%m_fc = field_capacity
2277	surf_lsm_h%m_wilt = wilting_point
2278	surf_lsm_h%m_res = residual_moisture
2279	surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2280	!
2281	!-- Vertical surfaces
2282	DO l = 0, 3
2283	surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2284	surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2285	surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2286	surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2287	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2288	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc = field_capacity
2289	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt = wilting_point
2290	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res = residual_moisture
2291	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2292	ENDDO
2293
2294	!
2295	!-- Initial run actions
2296	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2297	!
2298	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
2299	!
2300	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2301	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2302	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2303
2304	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2305	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2306	m_liq_h%var_1d(m) = 0.0_wp
2307
2308	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2309	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2310	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2311	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2312
2313	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = z0_water
2314	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = z0h_water
2315	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = z0h_water
2316	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = water_temperature
2317	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2318	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2319	surf_lsm_h%c_surface(m) = 0.0_wp
2320
2321	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
2322
2323	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = z0_pavement
2324	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = z0h_pavement
2325	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = z0h_pavement
2326	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2327	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2328	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = soil_moisture(k)
2329	ENDDO
2330	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2331	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) = pavement_heat_conduct &
2332	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2333	* 2.0_wp
2334	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(m) = surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m)
2335	surf_lsm_h%c_surface(m) = pavement_heat_capacity &
2336	* dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2337	* 0.25_wp
2338	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h_def(m) = pavement_heat_conduct
2339	surf_lsm_h%rho_c_def(m) = pavement_heat_capacity
2340
2341	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface(m) ) THEN
2342
2343	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = z0_vegetation
2344	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = z0h_vegetation
2345	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = z0h_vegetation
2346	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2347	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2348	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = soil_moisture(k)
2349	ENDDO
2350	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2351	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) = lambda_surface_stable
2352	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(m) = lambda_surface_unstable
2353	surf_lsm_h%c_surface(m) = c_surface
2354
2355	ENDIF
2356
2357	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2358	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2359	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2360	!
2361	!-- Calculate surface temperature. In case of bare soil, the surface
2362	!-- temperature must be reset to the soil temperature in the first soil
2363	!-- layer
2364	IF ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2365	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
2366	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) / exn
2367	ELSE
2368	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2369	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2370	ENDIF
2371
2372	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2373	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2374	ELSE
2375	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2376	ENDIF
2377
2378	!
2379	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2380	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2381
2382	surf_lsm_h%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2383	surf_lsm_h%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
2384	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_h%us(m) * surf_lsm_h%ts(m) * rho_surface
2385
2386	ENDDO
2387
2388	!
2389	!-- Vertical surfaces
2390	DO l = 0, 3
2391	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2392
2393	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2394	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2395	m_liq_v(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2396
2397
2398	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2399	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2400	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2401	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2402	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0(m) = z0_water
2403	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h(m) = z0h_water
2404	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q(m) = z0h_water
2405	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(:,m) = water_temperature
2406	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2407	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2408	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(m) = 0.0_wp
2409
2410	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
2411	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0(m) = z0_pavement
2412	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h(m) = z0h_pavement
2413	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q(m) = z0h_pavement
2414	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2415	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2416	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = soil_moisture(k)
2417	ENDDO
2418	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2419	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) = pavement_heat_conduct &
2420	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2421	* 2.0_wp
2422	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(m) = surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m)
2423	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(m) = pavement_heat_capacity &
2424	* dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2425	* 0.25_wp
2426	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h_def(m) = pavement_heat_conduct
2427	surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_def(m) = pavement_heat_capacity
2428
2429	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface(m) ) THEN
2430
2431	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0(m) = z0_vegetation
2432	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h(m) = z0h_vegetation
2433	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q(m) = z0h_vegetation
2434	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2435	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2436	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = soil_moisture(k)
2437	ENDDO
2438	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2439	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) = lambda_surface_stable
2440	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(m) = lambda_surface_unstable
2441	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(m) = c_surface
2442	ENDIF
2443
2444	!
2445	!-- Calculate surface temperature. In case of bare soil, the surface
2446	!-- temperature must be reset to the soil temperature in the first soil
2447	!-- layer
2448	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2449	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
2450	surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(:) = t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) / exn
2451	ELSE
2452	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2453	surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2454	ENDIF
2455
2456	!
2457	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2458	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2459
2460	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2461	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2462	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2463
2464	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2465	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2466	ELSE
2467	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2468	ENDIF
2469
2470	!
2471	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2472	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2473
2474	surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2475	surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(m)
2476	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) * surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) * rho_surface
2477	ENDDO
2478	ENDDO
2479
2480	!
2481	!-- Actions for restart runs
2482	ELSE
2483	!
2484	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2485	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2486	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2487	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2488	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2489	t_surface_h%var_1d(m) = pt(k-1,j,i) * exn
2490	ENDDO
2491	!
2492	!-- Vertical surfaces
2493	DO l = 0, 3
2494	!
2495	!-- Set index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
2496	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
2497	j_off = -1
2498	i_off = 0
2499	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
2500	j_off = 1
2501	i_off = 0
2502	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
2503	j_off = 0
2504	i_off = -1
2505	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
2506	j_off = 0
2507	i_off = 1
2508	ENDIF
2509	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2510	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2511	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2512	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2513	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(m) = pt(k,j+j_off,i+i_off) * exn
2514	ENDDO
2515	ENDDO
2516
2517	ENDIF
2518	!
2519	!-- Initialize root fraction
2520	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2521	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2522	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2523	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2524
2525	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2526	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2527	ENDDO
2528	ENDDO
2529	!
2530	!-- Vertical surfaces
2531	DO l = 0, 3
2532	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2533	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2534	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2535
2536	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2537	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2538	ENDDO
2539	ENDDO
2540	ENDDO
2541
2542
2543
2544	IF ( ALL( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
2545	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2546	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2547	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2548
2549
2550	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2551	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2552	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2553	ENDDO
2554	ENDDO
2555	DO l = 0, 3
2556	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2557	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2558	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2559
2560	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2561	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2562	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2563	ENDDO
2564	ENDDO
2565	ENDDO
2566	ENDIF
2567
2568	!
2569	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2570	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2571	surf_lsm_h%lai = leaf_area_index
2572	surf_lsm_h%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2573	surf_lsm_h%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2574	surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2575
2576	!-- Vertical surfaces
2577	DO l = 0, 3
2578
2579	!
2580	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2581	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2582	surf_lsm_v(l)%lai = leaf_area_index
2583	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2584	surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2585	surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2586	ENDDO
2587
2588	!
2589	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
2590	CALL user_init_land_surface
2591
2592
2593	!
2594	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only, i.e. only
2595	!- horizontal surfaces)
2596	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
2597
2598	t_soil_h_p = t_soil_h
2599	m_soil_h_p = m_soil_h
2600	m_liq_h_p = m_liq_h
2601	t_surface_h_p = t_surface_h
2602
2603	t_soil_v_p = t_soil_v
2604	m_soil_v_p = m_soil_v
2605	m_liq_v_p = m_liq_v
2606	t_surface_v_p = t_surface_v
2607
2608
2609
2610	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
2611	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
2612	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2613	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2614	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2615	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2616
2617	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
2618
2619
2620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2621	! Description:
2622	! ------------
2623	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
2624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2625	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2626
2627
2628	IMPLICIT NONE
2629
2630	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< index indicating facing of surface array
2631
2632	!
2633	!-- Allocate global 1D arrays
2634	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2635	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2636	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2637	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2638	ALLOCATE ( root_extr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2639
2640	root_extr = 0.0_wp
2641
2642	!
2643	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity. Please note,
2644	!-- these arrays are allocated according to surface-data structure,
2645	!-- even if they do not belong to the data type due to the
2646	!-- pointer arithmetric (TARGET attribute is not allowed in a data-type).
2647	#if defined( __nopointer )
2648	!
2649	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2650	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2651	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2652	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2653	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2654	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2655	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2656	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2657	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2658
2659	!
2660	!-- Vertical surfaces
2661	DO l = 0, 3
2662	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2663	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2664	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2665	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2666	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2667	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2668	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2669	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2670	ENDDO
2671	#else
2672	!
2673	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2674	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2675	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2676	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2677	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2678	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2679	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2680	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2681	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2682	!
2683	!-- Vertical surfaces
2684	DO l = 0, 3
2685	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2686	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2687	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2688	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2689	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2690	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2691	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2692	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2693	ENDDO
2694	#endif
2695
2696	!
2697	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
2698	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2699	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2700	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2701	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2702	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2703	!
2704	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2705	DO l = 0, 3
2706	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2707	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2708	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2709	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2710	ENDDO
2711	!
2712	!-- Allocate skin-surface temperature
2713	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2714	DO l = 0, 3
2715	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2716	ENDDO
2717
2718	!
2719	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2720	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2721	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2722	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2723	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2724	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2725	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2726	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%ghf(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2727	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%g_d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2728	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lai(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2729	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h_def(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2730	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2731	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2732	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2733	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2734	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2735	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2736	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2737	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2738	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_def(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2739	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_a(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2740	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2741	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2742	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2743	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2744	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2745	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2746
2747	surf_lsm_h%water_surface = .FALSE.
2748	surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface = .FALSE.
2749	surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface = .FALSE.
2750	!
2751	!-- Vertical surfaces
2752	DO l = 0, 3
2753	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2754	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2755	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2756	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2757	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2758	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2759	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2760	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lai(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2761	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h_def(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2762	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2763	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2764	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2765	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pavement_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2766	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2767	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2768	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2769	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2770	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_def(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2771	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2772	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2773	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2774	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2775	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2776	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2777	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2778
2779	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .FALSE.
2780	surf_lsm_v(l)%pavement_surface = .FALSE.
2781	surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface = .FALSE.
2782
2783	ENDDO
2784
2785	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2786	!
2787	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2788	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2789	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2790	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2791	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2792	m_liq_h => m_liq_h_1; m_liq_h_p => m_liq_h_2
2793	!
2794	!-- Vertical surfaces
2795	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2796	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2797	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2798	m_liq_v => m_liq_v_1; m_liq_v_p => m_liq_v_2
2799	#endif
2800
2801
2802	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2803
2804
2805	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2806	! Description:
2807	! ------------
2808	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2809	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2810	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2811
2812
2813	IMPLICIT NONE
2814
2815	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2816
2817	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2818	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2819	constant_roughness, &
2820	conserve_water_content, &
2821	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2822	aero_resist_kray, hydraulic_conductivity, &
2823	lambda_surface_stable, &
2824	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2825	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2826	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2827	pavement_depth, pavement_heat_capacity, &
2828	pavement_heat_conduct, pavement_type, &
2829	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2830	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2831	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2832	surface_type, &
2833	vegetation_coverage, vegetation_type, &
2834	water_temperature, water_type, &
2835	wilting_point, zs, z0_vegetation, &
2836	z0h_vegetation, z0q_vegetation, z0_water, &
2837	z0h_water, z0q_water, z0_pavement, &
2838	z0h_pavement, z0q_pavement
2839
2840	line = ' '
2841
2842	!
2843	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2844	REWIND ( 11 )
2845	line = ' '
2846	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2847	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2848	ENDDO
2849	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2850
2851	!
2852	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2853	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2854
2855	!
2856	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2857	land_surface = .TRUE.
2858
2859	!
2860	!-- Activate spinup
2861	IF ( spinup_time > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2862	coupling_start_time = spinup_time
2863	end_time = end_time + spinup_time
2864	IF ( spinup_pt_mean == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2865	spinup_pt_mean = pt_surface
2866	ENDIF
2867	spinup = .TRUE.
2868	ENDIF
2869
2870
2871	10 CONTINUE
2872
2873
2874	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2875
2876
2877	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2878	! Description:
2879	! ------------
2880	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2881	!> temperature and water content.
2882	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2883	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model( horizontal, l )
2884
2885
2886	IMPLICIT NONE
2887
2888	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2889	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-data type index indication facing
2890	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
2891
2892	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< flag indication horizontal wall, required to set pointer accordingly
2893
2894	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2895
2896	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2897	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2898	tend !< tendency
2899
2900	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
2901	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil_p
2902	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
2903	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil_p
2904	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_soil_m
2905	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_soil_m
2906
2907	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
2908
2909	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
2910	surf => surf_lsm_h
2911
2912	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
2913	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_h_p
2914	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
2915	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_h_p
2916	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_h_m
2917	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_h_m
2918	ELSE
2919	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
2920
2921	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
2922	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_v_p(l)
2923	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
2924	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_v_p(l)
2925	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_v_m(l)
2926	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_v_m(l)
2927	ENDIF
2928
2929	DO m = 1, surf%ns
2930
2931	IF ( .NOT. surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2932	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2933
2934	IF ( surf%pavement_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) <= pavement_depth ) THEN
2935
2936	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = surf%rho_c_def(m)
2937	lambda_temp(k) = surf%lambda_h_def(m)
2938
2939	ELSE
2940	!
2941	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2942	!-- into account water content
2943	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = (rho_c_soil * &
2944	( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(k,m) )&
2945	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) )
2946
2947	!
2948	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2949	!-- layers
2950	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(k,m)) &
2951	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2952
2953	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) / &
2954	surf%m_sat(k,m) ) )
2955
2956	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2957	lambda_h_dry
2958	ENDIF
2959	ENDDO
2960
2961	!
2962	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _layer level
2963	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2964	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2965	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2966	IF ( surf%pavement_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) < pavement_depth &
2967	.AND. zs(k+1) > pavement_depth ) &
2968	THEN
2969	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( pavement_depth - zs(k) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2970	* lambda_temp(k) &
2971	+ ( zs(k+1) - pavement_depth ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2972	* lambda_temp(k+1)
2973	ELSE
2974	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2975	* 0.5_wp
2976	ENDIF
2977
2978	ENDDO
2979	surf%lambda_h(nzt_soil,m) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2980
2981	!
2982	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2983	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2984
2985	tend(nzb_soil) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) ) * &
2986	( surf%lambda_h(nzb_soil,m) * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) &
2987	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil) &
2988	+ surf%ghf(m) ) * ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil)
2989
2990	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2991	tend(k) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(k,m) ) &
2992	* ( surf%lambda_h(k,m) &
2993	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) &
2994	* ddz_soil(k) &
2995	- surf%lambda_h(k-1,m) &
2996	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k-1,m) ) &
2997	* ddz_soil(k-1) &
2998	) * ddz_soil_layer(k)
2999
3000	ENDDO
3001
3002	surf_t_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
3003	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
3004	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
3005	+ tsc(3) &
3006	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) )
3007
3008	!
3009	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
3010	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
3011	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
3012	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3013	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
3014	ENDDO
3015	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
3016	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
3017	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3018	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
3019	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
3020	ENDDO
3021	ENDIF
3022	ENDIF
3023
3024
3025	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3026
3027	!
3028	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
3029	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * surf%gamma_w_sat(k,m) * psi_sat &
3030	/ surf%m_sat(k,m) ) * ( MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), &
3031	surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) / surf%m_sat(k,m) )**(&
3032	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
3033
3034	!
3035	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
3036	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten (1980)
3037	h_vg = ( ( ( surf%m_res(k,m) - surf%m_sat(k,m) ) / &
3038	( surf%m_res(k,m) - &
3039	MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) &
3040	) &
3041	)**( &
3042	surf%n_vg(k,m) / ( surf%n_vg(k,m) - 1.0_wp ) &
3043	) - 1.0_wp &
3044	)**( 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(k,m) ) / surf%alpha_vg(k,m)
3045
3046	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(k,m) * ( ( ( 1.0_wp + &
3047	( surf%alpha_vg(k,m) * h_vg )**surf%n_vg(k,m)&
3048	)**( &
3049	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(k,m)) - ( &
3050	surf%alpha_vg(k,m) * h_vg )**( surf%n_vg(k,m)&
3051	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
3052	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( surf%alpha_vg(k,m) * h_vg &
3053	)surf%n_vg(k,m) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
3054	/ surf%n_vg(k,m) ) * &
3055	( surf%l_vg(k,m) + 2.0_wp) ) )
3056
3057	ENDDO
3058
3059	!
3060	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
3061	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
3062	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
3063	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. surf%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
3064	!
3065	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _layer level
3066	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
3067	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
3068	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
3069
3070	surf%lambda_w(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + &
3071	lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
3072	surf%gamma_w(k,m) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + &
3073	gamma_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
3074
3075	ENDDO
3076
3077	!
3078	!
3079	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
3080	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
3081	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
3082	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
3083	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = 0.0_wp
3084	ELSE
3085	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
3086	ENDIF
3087
3088	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg / (rho_l
3089	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
3090	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
3091	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
3092	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
3093	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
3094	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
3095	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
3096	!
3097	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
3098	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
3099	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
3100	!-- additional check.
3101	m_total = 0.0_wp
3102	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3103	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) THEN
3104	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
3105	ENDIF
3106	ENDDO
3107	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
3108	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3109	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) THEN
3110	root_extr(k) = surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
3111	/ m_total
3112	ELSE
3113	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
3114	ENDIF
3115	ENDDO
3116	ENDIF
3117	!
3118	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil_h.
3119	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
3120
3121	tend(nzb_soil) = ( surf%lambda_w(nzb_soil,m) * ( &
3122	surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
3123	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil) - surf%gamma_w(nzb_soil,m) - &
3124	( &
3125	root_extr(nzb_soil) * surf%qsws_veg(m) &
3126	+ surf%qsws_soil(m) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
3127	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil)
3128
3129	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
3130	tend(k) = ( surf%lambda_w(k,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) &
3131	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) * ddz_soil(k) &
3132	- surf%gamma_w(k,m) &
3133	- surf%lambda_w(k-1,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) - &
3134	surf_m_soil%var_2d(k-1,m)) * ddz_soil(k-1) &
3135	+ surf%gamma_w(k-1,m) - (root_extr(k) &
3136	* surf%qsws_veg(m) * drho_l_lv) &
3137	) * ddz_soil_layer(k)
3138	ENDDO
3139	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) &
3140	- surf%lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,m) &
3141	* ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil,m) &
3142	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil-1,m)) &
3143	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil-1) &
3144	+ surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,m) - ( &
3145	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
3146	* surf%qsws_veg(m) * drho_l_lv ) &
3147	) * ddz_soil_layer(nzt_soil)
3148
3149	surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
3150	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
3151	+ tsc(3) * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(:,m) )
3152
3153	!
3154	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
3155	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3156	IF ( surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) < 0.0_wp ) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) = 0.0_wp
3157	ENDDO
3158
3159	!
3160	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
3161	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
3162	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
3163	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3164	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
3165	ENDDO
3166	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
3167	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
3168	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3169	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
3170	* surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
3171	ENDDO
3172	ENDIF
3173	ENDIF
3174	ENDIF
3175
3176	ENDIF
3177
3178	ENDDO
3179
3180	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
3181
3182
3183	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3184	! Description:
3185	! ------------
3186	!> Swapping of timelevels
3187	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3188	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
3189
3190	IMPLICIT NONE
3191
3192	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
3193
3194	#if defined( __nopointer )
3195	!
3196	!-- Horizontal surfaces
3197	t_surface_h = t_surface_h_p
3198	t_soil_h = t_soil_h_p
3199	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3200	m_soil_h = m_soil_h_p
3201	m_liq_h = m_liq_h_p
3202	ENDIF
3203	!
3204	!-- Vertical surfaces
3205	t_surface_v = t_surface_v_p
3206	t_soil_v = t_soil_v_p
3207	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3208	m_soil_v = m_soil_v_p
3209	m_liq_v = m_liq_v_p
3210	ENDIF
3211
3212	#else
3213
3214	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
3215
3216	CASE ( 0 )
3217	!
3218	!-- Horizontal surfaces
3219	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
3220	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
3221	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3222	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
3223	m_liq_h => m_liq_h_1; m_liq_h_p => m_liq_h_2
3224	ENDIF
3225	!
3226	!-- Vertical surfaces
3227	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
3228	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
3229	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3230	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
3231	m_liq_v => m_liq_v_1; m_liq_v_p => m_liq_v_2
3232	ENDIF
3233
3234
3235
3236	CASE ( 1 )
3237	!
3238	!-- Horizontal surfaces
3239	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_2; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_1
3240	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_2; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_1
3241	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3242	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_2; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_1
3243	m_liq_h => m_liq_h_2; m_liq_h_p => m_liq_h_1
3244	ENDIF
3245	!
3246	!-- Vertical surfaces
3247	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_2; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_1
3248	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_2; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_1
3249	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3250	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_2; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_1
3251	m_liq_v => m_liq_v_2; m_liq_v_p => m_liq_v_1
3252	ENDIF
3253
3254	END SELECT
3255	#endif
3256
3257	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3263	!
3264	! Description:
3265	! ------------
3266	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
3267	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3268	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
3269
3270
3271	USE control_parameters
3272
3273	USE indices
3274
3275	USE kinds
3276
3277	IMPLICIT NONE
3278
3279	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3280	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3281
3282	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3283	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3284	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3285	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3286
3287	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
3288
3289	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3290
3291	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3292	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3293	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3294	ENDIF
3295	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3296
3297	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3298	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3299	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3300	ENDIF
3301	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3302
3303	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3304	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3305	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3306	ENDIF
3307	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
3308
3309	CASE ( 'ghf*' )
3310	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_av ) ) THEN
3311	ALLOCATE( ghf_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3312	ENDIF
3313	ghf_av = 0.0_wp
3314
3315	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3316	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3317	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3318	ENDIF
3319	lai_av = 0.0_wp
3320
3321	CASE ( 'm_liq*' )
3322	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_av ) ) THEN
3323	ALLOCATE( m_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3324	ENDIF
3325	m_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3326
3327	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3328	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3329	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3330	ENDIF
3331	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3332
3333	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*' )
3334	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_av ) ) THEN
3335	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3336	ENDIF
3337	qsws_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3338
3339	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*' )
3340	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_av ) ) THEN
3341	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3342	ENDIF
3343	qsws_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3344
3345	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*' )
3346	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_av ) ) THEN
3347	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3348	ENDIF
3349	qsws_veg_av = 0.0_wp
3350
3351	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3352	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
3353	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3354	ENDIF
3355	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
3356
3357	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3358	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
3359	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3360	ENDIF
3361	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
3362
3363	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3364	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3365	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3366	ENDIF
3367	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3368
3369	CASE DEFAULT
3370	CONTINUE
3371
3372	END SELECT
3373
3374	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
3375
3376	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3377
3378	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3379	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3380	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3381	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3382	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m)
3383	ENDDO
3384
3385	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3386	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3387	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3388	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3389	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m))
3390	ENDDO
3391
3392	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3393	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3394	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3395	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3396	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3397	ENDDO
3398
3399	CASE ( 'ghf*' )
3400	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3401	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3402	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3403	ghf_av(j,i) = ghf_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%ghf(m)
3404	ENDDO
3405
3406	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3407	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3408	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3409	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3410	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3411	ENDDO
3412
3413	CASE ( 'm_liq*' )
3414	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3415	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3416	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3417	m_liq_av(j,i) = m_liq_av(j,i) + m_liq_h%var_1d(m)
3418	ENDDO
3419
3420	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3421	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3422	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3423	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3424	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3425	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3426	ENDDO
3427	ENDDO
3428
3429	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*' )
3430	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3431	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3432	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3433	qsws_liq_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_av(j,i) + &
3434	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq(m)
3435	ENDDO
3436
3437	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*' )
3438	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3439	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3440	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3441	qsws_soil_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_av(j,i) + &
3442	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil(m)
3443	ENDDO
3444
3445	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*' )
3446	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3447	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3448	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3449	qsws_veg_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_av(j,i) + &
3450	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg(m)
3451	ENDDO
3452
3453	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3454	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3455	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3456	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3457	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3458	ENDDO
3459
3460	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3461	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3462	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3463	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3464	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3465	ENDDO
3466
3467	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3468	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3469	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3470	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3471	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3472	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3473	ENDDO
3474	ENDDO
3475
3476	CASE DEFAULT
3477	CONTINUE
3478
3479	END SELECT
3480
3481	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
3482
3483	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3484
3485	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3486	DO i = nxl, nxr
3487	DO j = nys, nyn
3488	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3489	ENDDO
3490	ENDDO
3491
3492	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3493	DO i = nxl, nxr
3494	DO j = nys, nyn
3495	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3496	ENDDO
3497	ENDDO
3498
3499	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3500	DO i = nxl, nxr
3501	DO j = nys, nyn
3502	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3503	ENDDO
3504	ENDDO
3505
3506	CASE ( 'ghf*' )
3507	DO i = nxl, nxr
3508	DO j = nys, nyn
3509	ghf_av(j,i) = ghf_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3510	ENDDO
3511	ENDDO
3512
3513	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3514	DO i = nxl, nxr
3515	DO j = nys, nyn
3516	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3517	ENDDO
3518	ENDDO
3519
3520	CASE ( 'm_liq*' )
3521	DO i = nxl, nxr
3522	DO j = nys, nyn
3523	m_liq_av(j,i) = m_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3524	ENDDO
3525	ENDDO
3526
3527	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3528	DO i = nxl, nxr
3529	DO j = nys, nyn
3530	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3531	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3532	ENDDO
3533	ENDDO
3534	ENDDO
3535
3536	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*' )
3537	DO i = nxl, nxr
3538	DO j = nys, nyn
3539	qsws_liq_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3540	ENDDO
3541	ENDDO
3542
3543	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*' )
3544	DO i = nxl, nxr
3545	DO j = nys, nyn
3546	qsws_soil_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3547	ENDDO
3548	ENDDO
3549
3550	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*' )
3551	DO i = nxl, nxr
3552	DO j = nys, nyn
3553	qsws_veg_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3554	ENDDO
3555	ENDDO
3556
3557	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3558	DO i = nxl, nxr
3559	DO j = nys, nyn
3560	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3561	ENDDO
3562	ENDDO
3563
3564	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3565	DO i = nxl, nxr
3566	DO j = nys, nyn
3567	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3568	ENDDO
3569	ENDDO
3570
3571	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3572	DO i = nxl, nxr
3573	DO j = nys, nyn
3574	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3575	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3576	ENDDO
3577	ENDDO
3578	ENDDO
3579	!
3580	!--
3581
3582	END SELECT
3583
3584	ENDIF
3585
3586	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
3587
3588
3589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3590	!
3591	! Description:
3592	! ------------
3593	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
3594	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
3595	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3596	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
3597
3598	IMPLICIT NONE
3599
3600	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
3601	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
3602	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
3603	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
3604	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
3605
3606	found = .TRUE.
3607
3608	!
3609	!-- Check for the grid
3610	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
3611
3612	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
3613	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
3614	grid_x = 'x'
3615	grid_y = 'y'
3616	grid_z = 'zs'
3617
3618	CASE DEFAULT
3619	found = .FALSE.
3620	grid_x = 'none'
3621	grid_y = 'none'
3622	grid_z = 'none'
3623	END SELECT
3624
3625	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
3626
3627	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3628	!
3629	! Description:
3630	! ------------
3631	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3632	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3633	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
3634	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
3635
3636	USE indices
3637
3638	USE kinds
3639
3640
3641	IMPLICIT NONE
3642
3643	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
3644	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3645	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3646
3647	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3648	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3649	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3650	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3651	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3652	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
3653	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
3654
3655	LOGICAL :: found !<
3656	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
3657
3658	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
3659
3660
3661	found = .TRUE.
3662
3663	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3664	!
3665	!-- Before data is transfered to local_pf, transfer is it 2D dummy variable and exchange ghost points therein.
3666	!-- However, at this point this is only required for instantaneous arrays, time-averaged quantities are already exchanged.
3667	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3668	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3669	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3670	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3671	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3672	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) * surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3673	ENDDO
3674	ELSE
3675	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3676	DO j = nysg, nyng
3677	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
3678	ENDDO
3679	ENDDO
3680	ENDIF
3681
3682	two_d = .TRUE.
3683	grid = 'zu1'
3684
3685	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3686	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3687	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3688	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3689	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3690	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3691	ENDDO
3692	ELSE
3693	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3694	DO j = nysg, nyng
3695	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
3696	ENDDO
3697	ENDDO
3698	ENDIF
3699
3700	two_d = .TRUE.
3701	grid = 'zu1'
3702
3703	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3704	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3705	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3706	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3707	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3708	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3709	ENDDO
3710	ELSE
3711	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3712	DO j = nysg, nyng
3713	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
3714	ENDDO
3715	ENDDO
3716	ENDIF
3717
3718	two_d = .TRUE.
3719	grid = 'zu1'
3720
3721	CASE ( 'ghf*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3722	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3723	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3724	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3725	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3726	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%ghf(m)
3727	ENDDO
3728	ELSE
3729	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3730	DO j = nysg, nyng
3731	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_av(j,i)
3732	ENDDO
3733	ENDDO
3734	ENDIF
3735
3736	two_d = .TRUE.
3737	grid = 'zu1'
3738
3739	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3740	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3741	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3742	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3743	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3744	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3745	ENDDO
3746	ELSE
3747	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3748	DO j = nysg, nyng
3749	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
3750	ENDDO
3751	ENDDO
3752	ENDIF
3753
3754	two_d = .TRUE.
3755	grid = 'zu1'
3756
3757	CASE ( 'm_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3758	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3759	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3760	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3761	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3762	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_h%var_1d(m)
3763	ENDDO
3764	ELSE
3765	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3766	DO j = nysg, nyng
3767	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_av(j,i)
3768	ENDDO
3769	ENDDO
3770	ENDIF
3771
3772	two_d = .TRUE.
3773	grid = 'zu1'
3774
3775	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
3776	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3777	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3778	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3779	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3780	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3781	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3782	ENDDO
3783	ENDDO
3784	ELSE
3785	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3786	DO j = nysg, nyng
3787	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3788	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3789	ENDDO
3790	ENDDO
3791	ENDDO
3792	ENDIF
3793
3794	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3795	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3796
3797	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3798
3799	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3800	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3801	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3802	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3803	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3804	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq(m)
3805	ENDDO
3806	ELSE
3807	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3808	DO j = nysg, nyng
3809	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_av(j,i)
3810	ENDDO
3811	ENDDO
3812	ENDIF
3813
3814	two_d = .TRUE.
3815	grid = 'zu1'
3816
3817	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3818	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3819	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3820	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3821	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3822	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil(m)
3823	ENDDO
3824	ELSE
3825	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3826	DO j = nysg, nyng
3827	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_av(j,i)
3828	ENDDO
3829	ENDDO
3830	ENDIF
3831
3832	two_d = .TRUE.
3833	grid = 'zu1'
3834
3835	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3836	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3837	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3838	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3839	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3840	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg(m)
3841	ENDDO
3842	ELSE
3843	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3844	DO j = nysg, nyng
3845	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_av(j,i)
3846	ENDDO
3847	ENDDO
3848	ENDIF
3849
3850	two_d = .TRUE.
3851	grid = 'zu1'
3852
3853
3854	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3855	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3856	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3857	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3858	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3859	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3860	ENDDO
3861	ELSE
3862	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3863	DO j = nysg, nyng
3864	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3865	ENDDO
3866	ENDDO
3867	ENDIF
3868
3869	two_d = .TRUE.
3870	grid = 'zu1'
3871
3872	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3873	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3874	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3875	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3876	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3877	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3878	ENDDO
3879	ELSE
3880	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3881	DO j = nysg, nyng
3882	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3883	ENDDO
3884	ENDDO
3885	ENDIF
3886
3887	two_d = .TRUE.
3888	grid = 'zu1'
3889
3890	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3891	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3892	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3893	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3894	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3895	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3896	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3897	ENDDO
3898	ENDDO
3899	ELSE
3900	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3901	DO j = nysg, nyng
3902	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3903	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3904	ENDDO
3905	ENDDO
3906	ENDDO
3907	ENDIF
3908
3909	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3910	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3911
3912	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3913
3914	CASE DEFAULT
3915	found = .FALSE.
3916	grid = 'none'
3917
3918	END SELECT
3919
3920	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3921
3922
3923	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3924	!
3925	! Description:
3926	! ------------
3927	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3929	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3930
3931
3932	USE indices
3933
3934	USE kinds
3935
3936
3937	IMPLICIT NONE
3938
3939	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3940
3941	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3942	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3943	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3944	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3945	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3946
3947	LOGICAL :: found !<
3948
3949	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3950
3951
3952	found = .TRUE.
3953
3954
3955	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3956	!
3957	!-- Requires 3D exchange
3958
3959	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3960
3961	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3962	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3963	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3964	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3965	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3966	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3967	ENDDO
3968	ENDDO
3969	ELSE
3970	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3971	DO j = nysg, nyng
3972	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3973	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3974	ENDDO
3975	ENDDO
3976	ENDDO
3977	ENDIF
3978
3979	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3980
3981	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3982	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3983	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3984	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3985	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3986	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3987	ENDDO
3988	ENDDO
3989	ELSE
3990	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3991	DO j = nysg, nyng
3992	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3993	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3994	ENDDO
3995	ENDDO
3996	ENDDO
3997	ENDIF
3998
3999
4000	CASE DEFAULT
4001	found = .FALSE.
4002
4003	END SELECT
4004
4005
4006	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
4007
4008
4009	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4010	!
4011	! Description:
4012	! ------------
4013	!> Write restart data for land surface model
4014	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4015	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
4016
4017
4018	USE control_parameters
4019
4020	USE kinds
4021
4022	IMPLICIT NONE
4023
4024	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
4025	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
4026	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
4027	ENDIF
4028	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
4029	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
4030	ENDIF
4031	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
4032	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
4033	ENDIF
4034	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_av ) ) THEN
4035	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_av
4036	ENDIF
4037	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
4038	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
4039	ENDIF
4040	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_h%var_1d
4041	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_av ) ) THEN
4042	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_av
4043	ENDIF
4044	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_h%var_2d
4045	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
4046	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
4047	ENDIF
4048	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_av ) ) THEN
4049	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_av
4050	ENDIF
4051	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_av ) ) THEN
4052	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_av
4053	ENDIF
4054	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_av ) ) THEN
4055	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_av
4056	ENDIF
4057	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_h%var_2d
4058	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4059	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
4060	ENDIF
4061
4062	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
4063
4064	ENDIF
4065
4066	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
4067
4068
4069	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
4070	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
4071	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
4072	tmp_2d )
4073
4074
4075	USE control_parameters
4076
4077	USE indices
4078
4079	USE kinds
4080
4081	USE pegrid
4082
4083	IMPLICIT NONE
4084
4085	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
4086
4087	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
4088	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
4089	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
4090	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
4091	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
4092	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
4093	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
4094	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
4095	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
4096	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
4097	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
4098	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
4099	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
4100	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
4101	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
4102
4103	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
4104	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
4105	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
4106	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
4107	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
4108	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
4109
4110	REAL(wp), &
4111	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
4112	tmp_2d !<
4113
4114	REAL(wp), &
4115	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
4116	tmp_3d !<
4117
4118	REAL(wp), &
4119	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
4120	tmp_3d2 !<
4121
4122	REAL(wp), &
4123	DIMENSION(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
4124	tmp_walltype_1d !<
4125
4126	REAL(wp), &
4127	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
4128	tmp_walltype_2d !<
4129
4130	REAL(wp), &
4131	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
4132	tmp_walltype_2d2 !<
4133
4134
4135	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
4136	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4137
4138	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
4139
4140	DO k = 1, overlap_count
4141
4142	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
4143	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
4144	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
4145	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
4146	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
4147	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
4148	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
4149	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
4150
4151	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
4152
4153
4154	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
4155	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
4156	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4157	ENDIF
4158	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4159	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4160	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4161
4162	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
4163	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
4164	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4165	ENDIF
4166	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4167	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4168	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4169
4170	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
4171	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
4172	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4173	ENDIF
4174	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4175	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4176	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4177
4178	CASE ( 'ghf_av' )
4179	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_av ) ) THEN
4180	ALLOCATE( ghf_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4181	ENDIF
4182	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4183	ghf_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4184	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4185
4186	CASE ( 'm_liq' )
4187	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_1d !tmp_2d
4188	m_liq_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4189	tmp_walltype_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4190
4191	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
4192	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
4193	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4194	ENDIF
4195	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4196	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4197	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4198
4199	CASE ( 'm_liq_av' )
4200	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_av ) ) THEN
4201	ALLOCATE( m_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4202	ENDIF
4203	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4204	m_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4205	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4206
4207	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
4208	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d2(:,:)
4209	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4210	tmp_walltype_2d2(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4211
4212	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
4213	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
4214	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4215	ENDIF
4216	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4217	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4218	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
4219	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4220
4221	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_av' )
4222	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_av ) ) THEN
4223	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4224	ENDIF
4225	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4226	qsws_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4227	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4228	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_av' )
4229	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_av ) ) THEN
4230	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4231	ENDIF
4232	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4233	qsws_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4234	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4235
4236	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_av' )
4237	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_av ) ) THEN
4238	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4239	ENDIF
4240	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4241	qsws_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4242	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4243
4244	CASE ( 't_soil' )
4245	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d(:,:)
4246	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4247	tmp_walltype_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4248
4249	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
4250	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4251	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4252	ENDIF
4253	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4254	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4255	tmp_3d2(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
4256	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4257
4258
4259	CASE DEFAULT
4260	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
4261	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
4262	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
4263	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0302', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
4264	0 )
4265
4266	END SELECT
4267
4268	ENDDO
4269
4270	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4271
4272	ENDDO
4273	ENDIF
4274
4275	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
4276
4277	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4278	! Description:
4279	! ------------
4280	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
4281	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
4282	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
4283	!> 2012)
4284	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4285	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4286
4287	USE control_parameters, &
4288	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
4289
4290	IMPLICIT NONE
4291
4292	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
4293	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
4294	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
4295
4296	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
4297	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
4298	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
4299	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
4300
4301	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
4302
4303	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
4304	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
4305
4306	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
4307
4308	!
4309	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
4310	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
4311	!-- length
4312	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
4313	!
4314	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
4315	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
4316	!
4317	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
4318	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
4319
4320	!
4321	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
4322	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
4323	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
4324	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
4325	! ENDIF
4326
4327	!
4328	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
4329	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
4330	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
4331	!-- Charnock relation is used.
4332	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4333	surf_lsm_h%us(m) ) &
4334	+ ( alpha_ch * surf_lsm_h%us(m)**2 / g )
4335
4336	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4337	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4338	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4339	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4340
4341	ENDIF
4342	ENDDO
4343
4344	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4345
4346
4347
4348	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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