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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 2283

Last change on this file since 2283 was 2282, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
Bugfix check saturation moisture
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File size: 180.9 KB

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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2282 2017-06-13 11:38:46Z suehring $
27	! Bugfix for check of saturation moisture
28	!
29	! 2273 2017-06-09 12:46:06Z sward
30	! Error number changed
31	!
32	! 2270 2017-06-09 12:18:47Z maronga
33	! Revised parameterization of heat conductivity between skin layer and soil.
34	! Temperature and moisture are now defined at the center of the layers.
35	! Renamed veg_type to vegetation_type and pave_type to pavement_type_name
36	! Renamed and reduced the number of look-up tables (vegetation_pars, soil_pars)
37	! Revised land surface model initialization
38	! Removed output of shf_eb and qsws_eb and removed _eb throughout code
39	! Removed Clapp & Hornberger parameterization
40	!
41	! 2249 2017-06-06 13:58:01Z sward
42	!
43	! 2248 2017-06-06 13:52:54Z sward $
44	! Error no changed
45	!
46	! 2246 2017-06-06 13:09:34Z sward
47	! Error no changed
48	!
49	! Changed soil configuration to 8 layers. The number of soil layers is now
50	! freely adjustable via the NAMELIST.
51	!
52	! 2237 2017-05-31 10:34:53Z suehring
53	! Bugfix in write restart data
54	!
55	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
56	!
57	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
58	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept
59	! - now, also vertical walls are possible
60	! - for vertical walls, parametrization of r_a (aerodynamic resisistance) is
61	! implemented.
62	!
63	! Add check for soil moisture, it must not exceed its saturation value.
64	!
65	! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf
66	! Land surface parameters II corrected for vegetation_type 18 and 19
67	!
68	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
69	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
70	!
71	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
72	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
73	!
74	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
75	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
76	!
77	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
78	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
79	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
80	!
81	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
82	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
83	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
84	!
85	!
86	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
87	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
88	!
89	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
90	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
91	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
92	!
93	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
94	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
95	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
96	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
97	!
98	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
99	! prr moved to arrays_3d
100	!
101	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
102	! Cleanup after modularization
103	!
104	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
105	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
106	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
107	!
108	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
109	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
110	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
111	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
112	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
113	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
114	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
115	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
116	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
117	! Syntax layout improved.
118	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
119	!
120	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
121	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
122	!
123	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
124	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
125	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
126	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
127	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
128	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
129	!
130	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
131	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
132	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
133	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
134	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
135	! Added todo action
136	!
137	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
138	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
139	!
140	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
141	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
142	! Replaced rif with ol
143	!
144	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
145	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
146	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
147	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
148	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
149	!
150	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
151	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
152	!
153	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
154	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
155	!
156	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
157	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
158	!
159	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
160	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
161	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
162	!
163	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
164	! Added output of r_a and r_s
165	!
166	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
167	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
168	! profile
169	!
170	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
171	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
172	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
173	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
174	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
175	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
176	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
177	! calculation
178	!
179	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
180	!
181	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
182	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
183	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
184	! Added support for dry runs.
185	!
186	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
187	! Initial revision
188	!
189	!
190	! Description:
191	! ------------
192	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
193	!> surface and a multi layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
194	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
195	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
196	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
197	!>
198	!> @todo Restart data for vertical natural land-surfaces
199	!> @todo Extensive verification energy-balance solver for vertical surfaces,
200	!> e.g. parametrization of r_a
201	!> @todo Revise single land-surface processes for vertical surfaces, e.g.
202	!> treatment of humidity, etc.
203	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
204	!> skin layer.
205	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
206	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
207	!> nzt_soil=3)).
208	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
209	!> with considerable precipitation.
210	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
211	!> @todo Revise calculation of f2 when wilting point is non-constant in the
212	!> soil
213	!> @todo Solve problems with soil heat flux paramterization
214	!> @todo Make pavement_depth variable for each surface element
215	!> @todo Allow for zero soil moisture (currently, it is set to wilting point)
216	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
217	!> become too thin.
218	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
219	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
220
221	USE arrays_3d, &
222	ONLY: hyp, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, vpt, u, v, w
223
224	USE cloud_parameters, &
225	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
226
227	USE control_parameters, &
228	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
229	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
230	land_surface, max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
231	rho_surface, surface_pressure, timestep_scheme, tsc, &
232	time_since_reference_point
233
234	USE indices, &
235	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb
236
237	USE kinds
238
239	USE pegrid
240
241	USE radiation_model_mod, &
242	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
243	rad_lw_out_change_0, radiation_scheme, &
244	unscheduled_radiation_calls
245
246	USE statistics, &
247	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
248
249	USE surface_mod, &
250	ONLY : surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type
251
252	IMPLICIT NONE
253
254	TYPE surf_type_lsm
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_1D !< 1D prognostic variable
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_2D !< 2D prognostic variable
257	END TYPE surf_type_lsm
258
259	!
260	!-- LSM model constants
261
262	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
263	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
264	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil (W/m/K)
265	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix (W/m/K)
266	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water (W/m/K)
267	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
268	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil (J/m3/K)
269	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water (J/m3/K)
270	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
271
272
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: zs_default = & ! default soil layer configuration
274	(/ 0.005_wp, 0.02_wp, 0.04_wp, &
275	0.07_wp, 0.15_wp, 0.28_wp, &
276	1.00_wp, 2.89_wp /)
277
278
279	!
280	!-- LSM variables
281	CHARACTER(10) :: surface_type = 'netcdf' !< general classification. Allowed are:
282	!< 'vegetation', 'pavement', ('building'),
283	!< 'water', and 'netcdf'
284
285
286
287	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (Earth's surface)
288	nzt_soil = 7, & !< top of the soil model
289	nzs = 8, & !< number of soil layers
290	pavement_type = 1, & !< default NAMELIST pavement_type
291	soil_type = 3, & !< default NAMELIST soil_type
292	vegetation_type = 2, & !< default NAMELIST vegetation_type
293	water_type = 1 !< default NAMELISt water_type
294
295
296
297	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
298	constant_roughness = .FALSE., & !< use fixed/dynamic roughness lengths for water surfaces
299	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag to force calling of radiation routine
300	aero_resist_kray = .TRUE. !< flag to control parametrization of aerodynamic resistance at vertical surface elements
301
302	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
303	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
304	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
305	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
306	c_surface = 9999999.9_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity (J/m2/K)
307	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
308	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
309	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
310	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
311	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
312	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
313	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
314	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil (W/m/K)
315	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s (W/m2/K)
316	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u (W/m2/K)
317	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
318	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
319	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
320	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
321	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
322	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
323	pavement_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
324	pavement_heat_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads) (J/m3/K)
325	pavement_heat_conduct = 9999999.9_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads) (W/m/K)
326	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
327	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
328	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
329	rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v
330	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
331	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
332	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
333	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
334	water_temperature = 9999999.9_wp, & !< water temperature
335	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
336	z0_vegetation = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
337	z0h_vegetation = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
338	z0q_vegetation = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
339	z0_pavement = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
340	z0h_pavement = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
341	z0q_pavement = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
342	z0_water = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
343	z0h_water = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
344	z0q_water = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
345
346
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
348	ddz_soil_layer, & !< 1/dz_soil_layer
349	dz_soil, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
350	dz_soil_layer, & !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
351	root_extr !< root extraction
352
353
354
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:20) :: root_fraction = 9999999.9_wp, & !< (NAMELIST) distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
356	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil moisture content (m3/m3)
357	soil_temperature = 300.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil temperature (K) +1
358	zs = 9999999.9_wp, & !< (NAMELIST) soil layer depths (center)
359	zs_layer = 9999999.9_wp !< soil layer depths (edge)
360
361	#if defined( __nopointer )
362	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
363	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
364	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
365	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
366
367	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
368	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
369	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
370	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
371	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
372	#else
373	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
374	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
375	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
376	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
377
378	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h_1, & !<
379	t_soil_h_2, & !<
380	m_soil_h_1, & !<
381	m_soil_h_2 !<
382
383	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
384	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
385	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
386	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
387	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
388
389	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET ::&
390	t_soil_v_1, & !<
391	t_soil_v_2, & !<
392	m_soil_v_1, & !<
393	m_soil_v_2 !<
394	#endif
395
396	#if defined( __nopointer )
397	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
398	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
399	m_liq_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
400	m_liq_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
401
402	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
403	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
404	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
405	m_liq_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
406	m_liq_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
407	#else
408	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
409	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
410	m_liq_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
411	m_liq_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
412
413	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h_1, & !<
414	t_surface_h_2, & !<
415	m_liq_h_1, & !<
416	m_liq_h_2 !<
417
418	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
419	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
420	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
421	m_liq_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
422	m_liq_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
423
424	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
425	t_surface_v_1, & !<
426	t_surface_v_2, & !<
427	m_liq_v_1, & !<
428	m_liq_v_2 !<
429	#endif
430
431	#if defined( __nopointer )
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_av
433	#else
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_av
435	#endif
436
437	#if defined( __nopointer )
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
439	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
440	#else
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
442	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
443	#endif
444
445	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_liq_h_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), horizontal surface elements
446	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_surface_h_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), horizontal surface elements
447	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_soil_h_m !< t_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
448	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_soil_h_m !< m_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
449
450	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_liq_v_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), vertical surface elements
451	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_surface_v_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), vertical surface elements
452	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_soil_v_m !< t_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
453	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_soil_v_m !< m_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
454
455	!
456	!-- Energy balance variables
457	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
458	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
459	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
460	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
461	ghf_av, & !< average of ghf
462	lai_av, & !< average of lai
463	qsws_liq_av, & !< average of qsws_liq
464	qsws_soil_av, & !< average of qsws_soil
465	qsws_veg_av, & !< average of qsws_veg
466	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
467	r_s_av !< average of r_s
468
469
470	!
471	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (vegetation_type)
472	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:18), PARAMETER :: vegetation_type_name = (/ &
473	'user defined ', & ! 0
474	'bare soil ', & ! 1
475	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 2
476	'short grass ', & ! 3
477	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 4
478	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 5
479	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
480	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 7
481	'tall grass ', & ! 8
482	'desert ', & ! 9
483	'tundra ', & ! 10
484	'irrigated crops ', & ! 11
485	'semidesert ', & ! 12
486	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 13
487	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 14
488	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 15
489	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 16
490	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 17
491	'interrupted forest ' & ! 18
492	/)
493
494	!
495	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
496	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:6), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
497	'user defined', & ! 0
498	'coarse ', & ! 1
499	'medium ', & ! 2
500	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
501	'fine ', & ! 4
502	'very fine ', & ! 5
503	'organic ' & ! 6
504	/)
505
506	!
507	!-- Pavement classes
508	CHARACTER(20), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: pavement_type_name = (/ &
509	'user defined ', & ! 0
510	'asphalt ', & ! 1
511	'concrete ', & ! 2
512	'asphalt/concrete mix', & ! 3
513	'brick pavers ', & ! 4
514	'cobblestone pavers ', & ! 5
515	'sett pavers ', & ! 6
516	'gravel pavers ' & ! 7
517	/)
518
519	!
520	!-- Water classes
521	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:4), PARAMETER :: water_type_name = (/ &
522	'user defined', & ! 0
523	'lake ', & ! 1
524	'river ', & ! 2
525	'ocean ', & ! 3
526	'pond ' & ! 4
527	/)
528
529	!
530	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (vegetation_type)
531
532	!
533	!-- Land surface parameters
534	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d z0, z0h, lambda_s_s, lambda_s_u, f_sw_in, c_surface
535	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:9,1:18), PARAMETER :: vegetation_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
536	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.5E-2_wp, 0.5E-4_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
537	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
538	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 3
539	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 4
540	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 5
541	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 6
542	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
543	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
544	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 196.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
545	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
546	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
547	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
548	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 812.0_wp, 812.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
549	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
550	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
551	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 140.0_wp, 140.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
552	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
553	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 280.0_wp, 196.0_wp, 0.03_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 18
554	/), (/ 10, 18 /) )
555
556
557	!
558	!-- Root distribution for default soil layer configuration (sum = 1)
559	!-- level 1 - level 8
560	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:18), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/&
561	1.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
562	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 1
563	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.108_wp, &
564	0.195_wp, 0.214_wp, 0.284_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 2
565	0.050_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.136_wp, &
566	0.181_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 3
567	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.111_wp, &
568	0.185_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.040_wp, & ! 4
569	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.110_wp, &
570	0.180_wp, 0.199_wp, 0.277_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 5
571	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.105_wp, &
572	0.180_wp, 0.201_wp, 0.295_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 6
573	0.035_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.105_wp, &
574	0.161_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.282_wp, 0.093_wp, & ! 7
575	0.040_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.112_wp, &
576	0.176_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.266_wp, 0.060_wp, & ! 8
577	0.142_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, &
578	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 9
579	0.068_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.177_wp, &
580	0.214_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.070_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 10
581	0.035_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.108_wp, &
582	0.195_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.285_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 11
583	0.025_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.078_wp, &
584	0.147_wp, 0.175_wp, 0.353_wp, 0.126_wp, & ! 12
585	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
586	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 13
587	0.036_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.103_wp, &
588	0.163_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.074_wp, & ! 14
589	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
590	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 15
591	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
592	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 16
593	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
594	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 17
595	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
596	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp & ! 18
597	/), (/ 8, 18 /) )
598
599
600	!
601	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
602
603	!
604	!-- Soil parameters alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat, m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
605	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:6), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
606	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, 0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp,& ! 1
607	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, 0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 2
608	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, 0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 3
609	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, 0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 4
610	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, 0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp,& ! 5
611	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, 0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp & ! 6
612	/), (/ 8, 6 /) )
613
614	!
615	!-- TO BE FILLED
616	!-- Pavement parameters depth, z0, z0h, lambda_h, rho_c
617	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:4,1:7), PARAMETER :: pavement_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
618	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 1
619	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 2
620	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 3
621	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 4
622	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 5
623	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp, & ! 6
624	0.050_wp, 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.00_wp, 1.94E6_wp & ! 7
625	/), (/ 5, 7 /) )
626
627	!
628	!-- TO BE FILLED
629	!-- Water parameters temperature, z0, z0h
630	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:4), PARAMETER :: water_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
631	283.0_wp, 0.01_wp, 0.001_wp, & ! 1
632	283.0_wp, 0.01_wp, 0.001_wp, & ! 2
633	283.0_wp, 0.01_wp, 0.001_wp, & ! 3
634	283.0_wp, 10.01_wp, 0.001_wp & ! 4
635	/), (/ 3, 4 /) )
636
637	SAVE
638
639
640	PRIVATE
641
642
643	!
644	!-- Public functions
645	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
646	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
647	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
648	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
649	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
650	! !vegetat
651	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
652	PUBLIC aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
653
654	!
655	!-- Public grid variables
656	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
657
658	!
659	!-- Public prognostic variables
660	PUBLIC m_soil_h, t_soil_h
661
662
663	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
664	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
665	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
666
667	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
668	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
669	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
670
671	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
672	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
673	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
674
675	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
676	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
677	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
678
679	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
680	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
681	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
682
683	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
684	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
685	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
686
687	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
688	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
689	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
690
691	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
692	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
693	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
694
695	INTERFACE lsm_header
696	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
697	END INTERFACE lsm_header
698
699	INTERFACE lsm_init
700	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
701	END INTERFACE lsm_init
702
703	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
704	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
705	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
706
707	INTERFACE lsm_parin
708	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
709	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
710
711	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
712	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
713	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
714
715	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
716	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
717	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
718
719	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
720	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
721	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
722
723	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
724	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
725	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
726
727	CONTAINS
728
729	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
730	! Description:
731	! ------------
732	!> Check data output for land surface model
733	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
734	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
735
736
737	USE control_parameters, &
738	ONLY: data_output, message_string
739
740	IMPLICIT NONE
741
742	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
743	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
744
745	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
746	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
747	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
748
749	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
750
751	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
752	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
753	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
754	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
755	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
756	ENDIF
757	unit = 'm3/m3'
758
759	CASE ( 't_soil' )
760	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
761	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
762	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
763	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
764	ENDIF
765	unit = 'K'
766
767	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf', 'm_liq',&
768	'qsws_liq', 'qsws_soil', 'qsws_veg*', &
769	'r_a', 'r_s' )
770	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
771	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
772	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
773	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
774	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
775	ENDIF
776	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
777	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
778	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
779	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
780	ENDIF
781	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
782	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
783	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
784	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
785	ENDIF
786	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
787	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
788	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
789	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
790	ENDIF
791	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
792	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
793	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
794	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
795	ENDIF
796	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
797	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
798	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
799	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
800	ENDIF
801	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
802	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
803	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
804	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
805	ENDIF
806	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
807	THEN
808	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
809	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
810	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
811	ENDIF
812	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
813	THEN
814	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
815	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
816	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
817	ENDIF
818	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
819	THEN
820	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
821	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
822	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
823	ENDIF
824	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
825	THEN
826	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
827	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
828	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
829	ENDIF
830	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
831	THEN
832	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
833	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
834	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
835	ENDIF
836
837	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
838	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
839	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
840	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
841	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf*') unit = 'W/m2'
842	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq*' ) unit = 'm'
843	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
844	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
845	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
846	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
847	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
848
849	CASE DEFAULT
850	unit = 'illegal'
851
852	END SELECT
853
854
855	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
856
857
858	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
859	! Description:
860	! ------------
861	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
862	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
863	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
864
865	USE control_parameters, &
866	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
867
868	USE indices
869
870	USE profil_parameter
871
872	USE statistics
873
874	IMPLICIT NONE
875
876	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
877	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
878	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
879
880	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
881	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
882
883	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
884
885	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
886	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
887	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
888	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
889	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
890	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
891	ELSE
892	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
893	dopr_unit = 'K'
894	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
895	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
896	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
897	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
898	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
899	ENDIF
900	unit = dopr_unit
901	ENDIF
902
903	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
904	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
905	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
906	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
907	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
908	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
909	ELSE
910	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
911	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
912	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
913	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
914	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
915	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
916	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
917	ENDIF
918	unit = dopr_unit
919	ENDIF
920
921
922	CASE DEFAULT
923	unit = 'illegal'
924
925	END SELECT
926
927
928	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
929
930
931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
932	! Description:
933	! ------------
934	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
935	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
936	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
937
938	USE control_parameters, &
939	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
940	most_method
941
942	USE radiation_model_mod, &
943	ONLY: radiation
944
945
946	IMPLICIT NONE
947
948	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index, z-dimension
949
950	!
951	!-- Check for a valid setting of surface_type. The default value is 'netcdf'.
952	!-- In that case, the surface types are read from NetCDF file
953	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'vegetation' .AND. &
954	TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'pavement' .AND. &
955	TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'water' .AND. &
956	TRIM( surface_type ) /= 'netcdf' ) THEN
957	message_string = 'unknown surface type surface_type = "' // &
958	TRIM( surface_type ) // '"'
959	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0019', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
960	ENDIF
961
962	!
963	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
964	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
965	!-- model
966	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
967	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
968	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
969	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
970	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
971	ENDIF
972
973	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
974	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
975	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
976	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
977	ENDIF
978
979	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) == 'vegetation' ) THEN
980
981	IF ( vegetation_type == 0 ) THEN
982	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
983	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
984	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
985	'/= 9999999.9'
986	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
987	ENDIF
988
989	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
990	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
991	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
992	'/= 9999999.9'
993	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
994	ENDIF
995
996	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
997	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
998	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
999	'/= 9999999.9'
1000	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
1004	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1005	'requires setting of'// &
1006	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
1007	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1008	ENDIF
1009
1010	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1011	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1012	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
1013	'/= 9999999.9'
1014	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1015	ENDIF
1016
1017	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1018	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1019	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
1020	'/= 9999999.9'
1021	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1022	ENDIF
1023
1024	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1025	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1026	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
1027	'/= 9999999.9'
1028	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	IF ( z0_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1032	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1033	'requires setting of z0_vegetation'// &
1034	'/= 9999999.9'
1035	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1036	ENDIF
1037
1038	IF ( z0h_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1039	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1040	'requires setting of z0h_vegetation'// &
1041	'/= 9999999.9'
1042	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1043	ENDIF
1044	ENDIF
1045
1046	ENDIF
1047
1048	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) == 'water' ) THEN
1049
1050	IF ( TRIM( most_method ) == 'lookup' ) THEN
1051	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'surface_type = ', surface_type, &
1052	' is not allowed in combination with ', &
1053	'most_method = ', most_method
1054	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1055	ENDIF
1056
1057	IF ( water_type == 0 ) THEN
1058
1059	IF ( z0_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1060	message_string = 'water_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1061	'requires setting of z0_water'// &
1062	'/= 9999999.9'
1063	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1064	ENDIF
1065
1066	IF ( z0h_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1067	message_string = 'water_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1068	'requires setting of z0h_water'// &
1069	'/= 9999999.9'
1070	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0392', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1071	ENDIF
1072
1073	IF ( water_temperature == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1074	message_string = 'water_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1075	'requires setting of water_temperature'// &
1076	'/= 9999999.9'
1077	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0379', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1078	ENDIF
1079
1080	ENDIF
1081
1082	ENDIF
1083
1084
1085
1086	IF ( TRIM( surface_type ) == 'pavement' ) THEN
1087
1088	IF ( pavement_type == 0 ) THEN
1089
1090	IF ( z0_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1091	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1092	'requires setting of z0_pavement'// &
1093	'/= 9999999.9'
1094	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0352', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1095	ENDIF
1096
1097	IF ( z0h_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1098	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1099	'requires setting of z0h_pavement'// &
1100	'/= 9999999.9'
1101	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0353', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1102	ENDIF
1103
1104	IF ( pavement_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1105	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1106	'requires setting of pavement_depth'// &
1107	'/= 9999999.9'
1108	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0341', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1109	ENDIF
1110
1111	IF ( pavement_heat_conduct == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1112	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1113	'requires setting of pavement_heat_conduct'// &
1114	'/= 9999999.9'
1115	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0342', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1116	ENDIF
1117
1118	IF ( pavement_heat_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1119	message_string = 'pavement_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1120	'requires setting of pavement_heat_capacity'// &
1121	'/= 9999999.9'
1122	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0139', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1123	ENDIF
1124
1125	ENDIF
1126
1127	ENDIF
1128
1129	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
1130
1131	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1132	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1133	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
1134	'/= 9999999.9'
1135	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1136	ENDIF
1137
1138	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1139	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1140	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
1141	'/= 9999999.9'
1142	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1143	ENDIF
1144
1145	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1146	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1147	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
1148	'/= 9999999.9'
1149	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1150	ENDIF
1151
1152	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1153	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1154	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1155	'/= 9999999.9'
1156	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1157	ENDIF
1158
1159	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1160	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1161	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1162	'/= 9999999.9'
1163	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1164	ENDIF
1165
1166	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1167	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1168	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1169	'/= 9999999.9'
1170	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1171	ENDIF
1172
1173	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1174	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1175	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1176	'/= 9999999.9'
1177	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1178	ENDIF
1179
1180	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1181	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1182	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1183	'/= 9999999.9'
1184	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	ENDIF
1188
1189	!
1190	!-- Determine number of soil layers to be used and check whether an appropriate
1191	!-- root fraction is prescribed
1192	nzb_soil = 0
1193	nzt_soil = -1
1194	IF ( ALL( zs == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1195	nzt_soil = 7
1196	zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) = zs_default
1197	ELSE
1198	DO k = 0, 19
1199	IF ( zs(k) /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1200	nzt_soil = nzt_soil + 1
1201	IF ( root_fraction(k) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1202	message_string = 'manual setting of zs '// &
1203	'requires adequate setting of root_fraction'//&
1204	'/= 9999999.9 ' // &
1205	'and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1206	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0452', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1207	ENDIF
1208	ENDIF
1209	ENDDO
1210	ENDIF
1211
1212	IF ( vegetation_type == 0 ) THEN
1213	IF ( SUM( root_fraction(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
1214	message_string = 'vegetation_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1215	'requires setting of root_fraction'// &
1216	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1217	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1218	ENDIF
1219	ENDIF
1220
1221
1222	!
1223	!-- Check for proper setting of soil moisture, must not be larger than its
1224	!-- saturation value.
1225	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1226	IF ( soil_moisture(k) > saturation_moisture ) THEN
1227	message_string = 'soil_moisture must not exceed its saturation' // &
1228	' value'
1229	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0458', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1230	ENDIF
1231	ENDDO
1232
1233	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1234
1235	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1236	! Description:
1237	! ------------
1238	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1239	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1240	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance( horizontal, l )
1241
1242
1243	USE pegrid
1244
1245	IMPLICIT NONE
1246
1247	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1248	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for x
1249	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1250	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for y
1251	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1252	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for z
1253	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_rad !< index to access radiation array
1254	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< running index
1255	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-facing index
1256	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index concerning wall elements
1257
1258	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< Flag indicating horizontal or vertical surfaces
1259
1260	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1261	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1262	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1263	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1264	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1265	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1266	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1267	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1268	tend, & !< tendency
1269	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1270	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1271	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1272	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws
1273	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg
1274	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil
1275	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq
1276	f_shf, & !< factor for shf
1277	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface (W/m2/K)
1278	m_liq_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1279	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1280	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1281
1282	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface
1283	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface_p
1284	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_surface_m
1285	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq
1286	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_p
1287	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_liq_m
1288
1289	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
1290	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
1291
1292	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
1293
1294	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
1295	surf => surf_lsm_h
1296
1297	surf_t_surface => t_surface_h
1298	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_h_p
1299	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_h_m
1300	surf_m_liq => m_liq_h
1301	surf_m_liq_p => m_liq_h_p
1302	surf_tm_liq_m => tm_liq_h_m
1303	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
1304	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
1305
1306	k_off = -1
1307	j_off = 0
1308	i_off = 0
1309	ELSE
1310	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
1311
1312	surf_t_surface => t_surface_v(l)
1313	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_v_p(l)
1314	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_v_m(l)
1315	surf_m_liq => m_liq_v(l)
1316	surf_m_liq_p => m_liq_v_p(l)
1317	surf_tm_liq_m => tm_liq_v_m(l)
1318	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
1319	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
1320
1321	k_off = 0
1322	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
1323	j_off = -1
1324	i_off = 0
1325	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
1326	j_off = 1
1327	i_off = 0
1328	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
1329	j_off = 0
1330	i_off = -1
1331	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
1332	j_off = 0
1333	i_off = 1
1334	ENDIF
1335	ENDIF
1336
1337	!
1338	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1339	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1340
1341	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1342
1343	i = surf%i(m)
1344	j = surf%j(m)
1345	k = surf%k(m)
1346	!
1347	!-- Determine height index for radiation. Note, in clear-sky case radiation
1348	!-- arrays have rank 0 in first dimensions, so index must be zero. In case
1349	!-- of RRTMG radiation arrays have non-zero rank in first dimension, so that
1350	!-- radiation can be obtained at respective height level
1351	k_rad = MERGE( 0, k + k_off, radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1352
1353	!
1354	!-- Define heat conductivity between surface and soil depending on surface
1355	!-- type. For vegetation, a skin layer parameterization is used. For bare
1356	!-- soil and pavements, no skin layer is applied. In these cases, the
1357	!-- temperature is assumed to be constant between the surface and the first
1358	!-- soil layer. The heat conductivity is then derived from the soil/
1359	!-- pavement properties. For water surfaces, the conductivity is already set
1360	!-- to 1E10.
1361	!-- Moreover, the heat capacity is set. For bare soil the heat capacity is
1362	!-- the capacity of the uppermost soil layer
1363	IF ( surf%lambda_surface_s(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1364
1365	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(nzb_soil,m)) &
1366	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1367
1368	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) / &
1369	surf%m_sat(nzb_soil,m) ) )
1370
1371	lambda_surface = (ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + lambda_h_dry )&
1372	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) * 2.0_wp
1373
1374	c_surface_tmp = (rho_c_soil * ( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(nzb_soil,m) ) &
1375	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
1376	* dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) * 0.25_wp
1377
1378	ELSEIF ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) >= surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)) &
1379	THEN
1380
1381	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_s(m)
1382	c_surface_tmp = surf%c_surface(m)
1383
1384	ELSE
1385
1386	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_u(m)
1387	c_surface_tmp = surf%c_surface(m)
1388
1389	ENDIF
1390
1391	!
1392	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1393	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1394	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1395	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1396	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1397	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
1398	qv1 = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
1399	ELSE
1400	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
1401	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1402	qv1 = q(k,j,i)
1403	ELSE
1404	qv1 = 0.0_wp
1405	ENDIF
1406	ENDIF
1407	!
1408	!-- Calculate aerodynamical resistance. For horizontal and vertical
1409	!-- surfaces MOST is applied. Moreover, for vertical surfaces, resistance
1410	!-- can be obtain via parameterization of Mason (2000) /
1411	!-- Krayenhoff and Voogt (2006).
1412	!-- To do: detailed investigation which approach is better!
1413	IF ( horizontal .OR. .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
1414	surf%r_a(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / &
1415	( surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
1416	ELSE
1417	surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp / ( 11.8_wp + 4.2_wp * &
1418	SQRT( ( ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1419	( ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1420	( ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 ) &
1421	)
1422	ENDIF
1423	!
1424	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1425	!-- stratification
1426	IF ( ABS( surf%r_a(m) ) < 1.0_wp ) surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp
1427	!
1428	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1429	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1430
1431	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1432	!-- night)
1433	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off) + 0.05_wp ) /&
1434	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1435	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1436	!
1437	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1438	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1439	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1440	m_total = 0.0_wp
1441	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1442	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(ks,m) &
1443	* MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(ks,m), surf%m_wilt(ks,m) )
1444	ENDDO
1445
1446	!
1447	!-- The calculation of f2 is based on only one wilting point value for all
1448	!-- soil layers. The value at k=nzb_soil is used here as a proxy but might
1449	!-- need refinement in the future.
1450	IF ( m_total > surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) .AND. &
1451	m_total < surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) ) THEN
1452	f2 = ( m_total - surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) ) / &
1453	( surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) - surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) )
1454	ELSEIF ( m_total >= surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) ) THEN
1455	f2 = 1.0_wp
1456	ELSE
1457	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1458	ENDIF
1459	!
1460	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1461	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) &
1462	- 273.16_wp ) / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) )
1463	!
1464	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1465	IF ( surf%g_d(m) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1466	!
1467	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1468	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1469	f3 = EXP ( - surf%g_d(m) * (e_s - e) )
1470	ELSE
1471	f3 = 1.0_wp
1472	ENDIF
1473	!
1474	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1475	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1476	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1477	surf%r_canopy(m) = surf%r_canopy_min(m) / &
1478	( surf%lai(m) * f1 * f2 * f3 + 1.0E-20_wp )
1479	!
1480	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil.
1481	m_min = surf%c_veg(m) * surf%m_wilt(nzb_soil,m) + &
1482	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) * surf%m_res(nzb_soil,m)
1483
1484
1485	f2 = ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) - m_min ) / ( surf%m_fc(nzb_soil,m) - m_min )
1486	f2 = MAX( f2, 1.0E-20_wp )
1487	f2 = MIN( f2, 1.0_wp )
1488
1489	surf%r_soil(m) = surf%r_soil_min(m) / f2
1490
1491	!
1492	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1493	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1494	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1495	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1496	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1497	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1498	IF ( surf%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
1499	m_liq_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1500	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) / m_liq_max)**0.67 )
1501	ELSE
1502	m_liq_max = m_max_depth * ( surf%c_veg(m) * surf%lai(m) &
1503	+ ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) )
1504	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) / m_liq_max )
1505	ENDIF
1506	!
1507	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1508	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1509	!
1510	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1511	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1512	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1513	surf%r_canopy(m) = 0.0_wp
1514	surf%r_soil(m) = 0.0_wp
1515	ENDIF
1516
1517	!
1518	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1519	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1520	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1521	IF ( surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
1522	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1523	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1524	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / surf%r_a(m)
1525	ELSEIF ( surf%pavement_surface (m) ) THEN
1526	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1527	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1528	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_liq(m) / surf%r_a(m)
1529	ELSE
1530	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * &
1531	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_liq(m) ) / &
1532	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_canopy(m) )
1533	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) / &
1534	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_soil(m) )
1535	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * surf%c_liq(m) / &
1536	surf%r_a(m)
1537	ENDIF
1538
1539	f_shf = rho_cp / surf%r_a(m)
1540	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1541	!
1542	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1543	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp) - &
1544	17.269_wp*( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp) &
1545	/ ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1546
1547	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1548	!
1549	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1550	surf%rad_net_l(m) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1551	!
1552	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1553	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1554	!
1555	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1556	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1557	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1558	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1559	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) + lambda_surface &
1560	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1561	!
1562	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1563	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1564	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1565	ELSE
1566	!
1567	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1568	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1569	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1570	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1571	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1572	!
1573	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1574	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1575
1576	ENDIF
1577
1578	tend = 0.0_wp
1579
1580	!
1581	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1582	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1583	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp *&
1584	surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2&
1585	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1586
1587	!
1588	!-- Add RK3 term
1589	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1590
1591	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1592	tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1593
1594	!
1595	!-- Calculate true tendency
1596	tend = ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - &
1597	dt_3d * tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1598	!
1599	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1600	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1601	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1602	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1603	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1604	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1605	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1606	5.3125_wp * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1607	ENDIF
1608	ENDIF
1609	ENDIF
1610
1611	!
1612	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1613	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1614	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1615	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1616	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1617	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1618	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1619	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1620	IF ( ABS( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1621	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1622	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1623	ENDIF
1624
1625	pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn !is actually no air temperature
1626	surf%pt_surface(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn
1627
1628	!
1629	!-- Calculate fluxes
1630	surf%rad_net_l(m) = surf%rad_net_l(m) + &
1631	rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1632	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1633	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m)
1634
1635	rad_net(j,i) = surf%rad_net_l(m)
1636	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * &
1637	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) )
1638
1639	surf%ghf(m) = lambda_surface * ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) &
1640	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) )
1641
1642	surf%shf(m) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - surf%pt_surface(m) ) / cp
1643
1644
1645	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1646	surf%qsws(m) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1647	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1648	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1649
1650	surf%qsws_veg(m) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1651	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1652	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1653
1654	surf%qsws_soil(m) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1655	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1656	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1657
1658	surf%qsws_liq(m) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1659	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1660	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1661	ENDIF
1662
1663	!
1664	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1665	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1666	surf%r_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
1667	ELSE
1668	surf%r_s(m) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1669	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1670	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) / &
1671	surf%qsws(m) - surf%r_a(m)
1672	ENDIF
1673
1674	!
1675	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1676	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1677	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1678	!
1679	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq
1680	!-- and qsws_soil according the the vegetation coverage.
1681	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1682	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1683
1684	!
1685	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1686	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1687	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1688	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil is then not used in the soil model
1689	IF ( surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) /= m_liq_max ) THEN
1690	surf%qsws_liq(m) = surf%qsws_liq(m) &
1691	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1692	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1693	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1694	ELSE
1695	surf%qsws_soil(m) = surf%qsws_soil(m) &
1696	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1697	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1698	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1699	ENDIF
1700
1701	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1702	!-- coverage.
1703	surf%qsws_soil(m) = surf%qsws_soil(m) + ( 1.0_wp &
1704	- surf%c_veg(m) ) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1705	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1706	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1707	ENDIF
1708
1709	!
1710	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1711	IF ( surf%qsws(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1712	!
1713	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_max)
1714	!-- In that case, qsws_liq goes to qsws_soil. In this
1715	!-- case qsws_veg is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1716	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1717	IF ( surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) == m_liq_max ) THEN
1718	surf%qsws_soil(m) = surf%qsws_soil(m) + surf%qsws_liq(m)
1719
1720	surf%qsws_liq(m) = 0.0_wp
1721	ENDIF
1722
1723	!
1724	!-- In case qsws_veg becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1725	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1726	!-- plant
1727	IF ( surf%qsws_veg(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1728	surf%qsws_liq(m) = surf%qsws_liq(m) + surf%qsws_veg(m)
1729	surf%qsws_veg(m) = 0.0_wp
1730	ENDIF
1731	ENDIF
1732
1733	surf%qsws(m) = surf%qsws(m) / l_v
1734
1735	tend = - surf%qsws_liq(m) * drho_l_lv
1736	surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m) = surf_m_liq%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1737	( tsc(2) * tend + &
1738	tsc(3) * surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m) )
1739	!
1740	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1741	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1742	surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m) = MIN( surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m),m_liq_max )
1743
1744	!
1745	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1746	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1747	surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m) = MAX( surf_m_liq_p%var_1d(m), 0.0_wp )
1748	!
1749	!-- Calculate m_liq tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1750	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1751	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1752	surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1753	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1754	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1755	surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1756	5.3125_wp * surf_tm_liq_m%var_1d(m)
1757	ENDIF
1758	ENDIF
1759
1760	ENDIF
1761
1762	ENDDO
1763
1764	!
1765	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1766	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1767	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1768	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1769	#if defined( __parallel )
1770	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1771	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1772	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1773	#else
1774	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1775	#endif
1776	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1777	ENDIF
1778
1779	!
1780	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1781	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1782	CALL calc_q_surface
1783	ENDIF
1784
1785	!
1786	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1787	IF ( horizontal .AND. .NOT. constant_roughness ) CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1788
1789	CONTAINS
1790	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1791	! Description:
1792	! ------------
1793	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
1794	!> that the skin is always saturated.
1795	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1796	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1797
1798	IMPLICIT NONE
1799
1800	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
1801
1802	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1803
1804	i = surf%i(m)
1805	j = surf%j(m)
1806	k = surf%k(m)
1807
1808	!
1809	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1810	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * &
1811	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp ) / &
1812	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) &
1813	)
1814
1815	!
1816	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
1817	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1818
1819	resistance = surf%r_a(m) / ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_s(m) )
1820
1821	!
1822	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
1823	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1824	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1825	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1826	( q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) )
1827	ELSE
1828	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1829	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1830	q(k,j,i)
1831	ENDIF
1832
1833	!
1834	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
1835	vpt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) * &
1836	( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) )
1837
1838	ENDDO
1839
1840	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1841
1842
1843
1844	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1845
1846
1847	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1848	! Description:
1849	! ------------
1850	!> Header output for land surface model
1851	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1852	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1853
1854
1855	IMPLICIT NONE
1856
1857	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1858	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1859	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1860	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1861	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1862	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1863
1864	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1865
1866	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1867
1868	t_soil_chr = ''
1869	m_soil_chr = ''
1870	soil_depth_chr = ''
1871	roots_chr = ''
1872	vertical_index_chr = ''
1873
1874	i = 1
1875	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1876	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1877	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1878
1879	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1880	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1881
1882	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1883	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1884
1885	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1886	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1887
1888	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1889	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1890	TRIM( coor_chr )
1891	ENDDO
1892
1893	!
1894	!-- Write land surface model header
1895	WRITE( io, 1 )
1896	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1897	WRITE( io, 2 )
1898	ELSE
1899	WRITE( io, 3 )
1900	ENDIF
1901
1902	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( vegetation_type_name(vegetation_type) ), &
1903	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1904	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1905	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1906	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1907
1908	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1909	' ------------------------------'/)
1910	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1911	', default)')
1912	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1913	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1914	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1915	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1916	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1917	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1918	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1919	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1920	' Grid point: ',A)
1921
1922	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1923
1924
1925	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1926	! Description:
1927	! ------------
1928	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1929	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1930	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1931
1932	USE control_parameters, &
1933	ONLY: message_string
1934
1935	IMPLICIT NONE
1936
1937	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1938	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1939	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1940	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1941	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1942	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index surface facing
1943	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
1944
1945	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1946
1947	!
1948	!-- Calculate Exner function
1949	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1950	!
1951	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1952	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1953	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1954	ENDIF
1955
1956	!
1957	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1958	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1959	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1960	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1961	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1962
1963	!
1964	!-- Set initial values for prognostic quantities
1965	!-- Horizontal surfaces
1966	tt_surface_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1967	tt_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1968	tm_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1969	tm_liq_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1970	surf_lsm_h%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1971
1972	surf_lsm_h%ghf = 0.0_wp
1973
1974	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq = 0.0_wp
1975	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1976	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1977
1978	surf_lsm_h%r_a = 50.0_wp
1979	surf_lsm_h%r_s = 50.0_wp
1980	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1981	surf_lsm_h%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1982	!
1983	!-- Do the same for vertical surfaces
1984	DO l = 0, 3
1985	tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1986	tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1987	tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1988	tm_liq_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1989	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1990
1991	surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf = 0.0_wp
1992
1993	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq = 0.0_wp
1994	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1995	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1996
1997	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a = 50.0_wp
1998	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s = 50.0_wp
1999	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
2000	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil = 0.0_wp
2001	ENDDO
2002
2003	!
2004	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
2005	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
2006	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2007	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2008	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2009	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%l_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2010	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_fc(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2011	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_res(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2012	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2013	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2014	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%n_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2015	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2016	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2017
2018	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
2019	!
2020	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
2021	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2022	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2023	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2024
2025	surf_lsm_h%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
2026	ENDIF
2027	!
2028	!-- For vertical surfaces
2029	DO l = 0, 3
2030	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2031	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2032	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2033	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2034	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2035	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2036	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2037	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2038	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2039	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2040	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2041
2042	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
2043
2044	!
2045	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
2046	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2047	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2048	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2049
2050	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
2051	ENDIF
2052	ENDDO
2053
2054	!
2055	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
2056	!-- the center of the soil layers, whereas gradients/fluxes are
2057	!-- defined at the edges (_layer)
2058	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2059	dz_soil(k) = zs(k+1) - zs(k)
2060
2061	IF ( dz_soil(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2062	message_string = 'invalid soil layer configuration found ' // &
2063	'(dz_soil(k) = 0.0)'
2064	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0140', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2065	ENDIF
2066
2067	ENDDO
2068
2069	dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) = 2.0_wp * zs(nzb_soil)
2070	zs_layer(nzb_soil) = 2.0_wp * zs(nzb_soil)
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2076	dz_soil_layer(k) = ( zs(k) - zs_layer(k-1) ) * 2.0_wp
2077	zs_layer(k) = zs_layer(k-1) + dz_soil_layer(k)
2078	ENDDO
2079	dz_soil_layer(nzt_soil+1) = 0.5_wp * dz_soil_layer(nzt_soil)
2080	dz_soil(nzt_soil) = zs_layer(k-1) + dz_soil_layer(k) - zs(nzt_soil)
2081
2082
2083	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
2084	ddz_soil_layer = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_layer
2085
2086
2087	!
2088	!-- Set flag parameter for the prescribed surface type depending on user
2089	!-- input.
2090	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2091
2092	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( surface_type ) )
2093
2094	CASE ( 'vegetation' )
2095
2096	surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2097
2098	CASE ( 'water' )
2099
2100	surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2101
2102	CASE ( 'pavement' )
2103
2104	surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2105
2106	END SELECT
2107
2108	ENDDO
2109
2110	DO l = 0, 3
2111	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( surface_type ) )
2112
2113	CASE ( 'vegetation' )
2114
2115	surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface = .TRUE.
2116
2117	CASE ( 'water' )
2118
2119	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .TRUE.
2120
2121	CASE ( 'pavement' )
2122
2123	surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface = .TRUE.
2124
2125	END SELECT
2126
2127	ENDDO
2128	!
2129	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
2130	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
2131	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
2132	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
2133
2134	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2135	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
2136	ENDIF
2137
2138	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2139	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
2140	ENDIF
2141
2142	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2143	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
2144	ENDIF
2145
2146	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2147	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
2148	ENDIF
2149
2150	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2151	saturation_moisture = soil_pars(4,soil_type)
2152	ENDIF
2153
2154	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2155	field_capacity = soil_pars(5,soil_type)
2156	ENDIF
2157
2158	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2159	wilting_point = soil_pars(6,soil_type)
2160	ENDIF
2161
2162	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2163	residual_moisture = soil_pars(7,soil_type)
2164	ENDIF
2165
2166	ENDIF
2167
2168	!
2169	!-- Check whether parameters from the lookup tables are to be used
2170	IF ( vegetation_type /= 0 ) THEN
2171
2172	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2173	min_canopy_resistance = vegetation_pars(0,vegetation_type)
2174	ENDIF
2175
2176	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2177	leaf_area_index = vegetation_pars(1,vegetation_type)
2178	ENDIF
2179
2180	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2181	vegetation_coverage = vegetation_pars(2,vegetation_type)
2182	ENDIF
2183
2184	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2185	canopy_resistance_coefficient= vegetation_pars(3,vegetation_type)
2186	ENDIF
2187
2188	IF ( z0_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2189	z0_vegetation = vegetation_pars(4,vegetation_type)
2190	ENDIF
2191
2192	IF ( z0h_vegetation == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2193	z0h_vegetation = vegetation_pars(5,vegetation_type)
2194	ENDIF
2195
2196	!
2197	!-- The heat conductivity between canopy and first soil layer must
2198	!-- depend on the depth of the soil layer. The value in the lookup
2199	!-- table refers to the first soil temperature at zs = -0.005 m. Lambda
2200	!-- is thus interpolated to the actual soil layer depth used.
2201	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2202	lambda_surface_stable = vegetation_pars(6,vegetation_type) &
2203	* 0.005_wp * ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2204	* 2.0_wp
2205	ENDIF
2206
2207	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2208	lambda_surface_unstable = vegetation_pars(7,vegetation_type) &
2209	* 0.005_wp * ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2210	* 2.0_wp
2211	ENDIF
2212
2213	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2214	f_shortwave_incoming = vegetation_pars(8,vegetation_type)
2215	ENDIF
2216
2217	IF ( c_surface == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2218	c_surface = vegetation_pars(9,vegetation_type)
2219	ENDIF
2220
2221	ENDIF
2222
2223	IF ( water_type /= 0 ) THEN
2224
2225	IF ( water_temperature == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2226	water_temperature = water_pars(0,water_type)
2227	ENDIF
2228
2229	IF ( z0_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2230	z0_water = water_pars(1,water_type)
2231	ENDIF
2232
2233	IF ( z0h_water == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2234	z0h_water = water_pars(2,water_type)
2235	ENDIF
2236
2237	ENDIF
2238
2239	IF ( pavement_type /= 0 ) THEN
2240
2241	IF ( pavement_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2242	pavement_depth = pavement_pars(0,pavement_type)
2243	ELSE
2244	pavement_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pavement_depth )
2245	ENDIF
2246
2247	IF ( z0_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2248	z0_pavement = pavement_pars(1,pavement_type)
2249	ENDIF
2250
2251	IF ( z0h_pavement == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2252	z0h_pavement = pavement_pars(2,pavement_type)
2253	ENDIF
2254
2255	IF ( pavement_heat_conduct == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2256	pavement_heat_conduct = pavement_pars(3,pavement_type)
2257	ENDIF
2258
2259	IF ( pavement_heat_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2260	pavement_heat_capacity = pavement_pars(4,pavement_type)
2261	ENDIF
2262
2263	ENDIF
2264	!
2265	!-- Map values to the respective 2D/3D arrays
2266	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2267	surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2268	surf_lsm_h%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2269	surf_lsm_h%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2270	surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2271	surf_lsm_h%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2272	surf_lsm_h%m_fc = field_capacity
2273	surf_lsm_h%m_wilt = wilting_point
2274	surf_lsm_h%m_res = residual_moisture
2275	surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2276	!
2277	!-- Vertical surfaces
2278	DO l = 0, 3
2279	surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2280	surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2281	surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2282	surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2283	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2284	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc = field_capacity
2285	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt = wilting_point
2286	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res = residual_moisture
2287	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2288	ENDDO
2289
2290	!
2291	!-- Initial run actions
2292	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2293	!
2294	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
2295	!
2296	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2297	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2298	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2299
2300	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2301	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2302	m_liq_h%var_1d(m) = 0.0_wp
2303
2304	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2305	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2306	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2307	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2308
2309	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = z0_water
2310	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = z0h_water
2311	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = z0h_water
2312	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = water_temperature
2313	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2314	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2315	surf_lsm_h%c_surface(m) = 0.0_wp
2316
2317	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
2318
2319	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = z0_pavement
2320	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = z0h_pavement
2321	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = z0h_pavement
2322	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2323	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2324	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(k,m))
2325	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2326	ENDDO
2327	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2328	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) = pavement_heat_conduct &
2329	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2330	* 2.0_wp
2331	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(m) = surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m)
2332	surf_lsm_h%c_surface(m) = pavement_heat_capacity &
2333	* dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2334	* 0.25_wp
2335	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h_def(m) = pavement_heat_conduct
2336	surf_lsm_h%rho_c_def(m) = pavement_heat_capacity
2337
2338	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface(m) ) THEN
2339
2340	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = z0_vegetation
2341	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = z0h_vegetation
2342	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = z0h_vegetation
2343	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2344	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2345	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(k,m))
2346	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2347	ENDDO
2348	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2349	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) = lambda_surface_stable
2350	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(m) = lambda_surface_unstable
2351	surf_lsm_h%c_surface(m) = c_surface
2352
2353	ENDIF
2354
2355	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2356	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2357	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2358	!
2359	!-- Calculate surface temperature. In case of bare soil, the surface
2360	!-- temperature must be reset to the soil temperature in the first soil
2361	!-- layer
2362	IF ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2363	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
2364	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) / exn
2365	ELSE
2366	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2367	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2368	ENDIF
2369
2370	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2371	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2372	ELSE
2373	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2374	ENDIF
2375
2376	!
2377	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2378	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2379
2380	surf_lsm_h%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2381	surf_lsm_h%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
2382	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_h%us(m) * surf_lsm_h%ts(m) * rho_surface
2383
2384	ENDDO
2385
2386	!
2387	!-- Vertical surfaces
2388	DO l = 0, 3
2389	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2390
2391	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2392	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2393	m_liq_v(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2394
2395
2396	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2397	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2398	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2399	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2400	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0(m) = z0_water
2401	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h(m) = z0h_water
2402	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q(m) = z0h_water
2403	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(:,m) = water_temperature
2404	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2405	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(m) = 1.0E10_wp
2406	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(m) = 0.0_wp
2407
2408	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
2409	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0(m) = z0_pavement
2410	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h(m) = z0h_pavement
2411	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q(m) = z0h_pavement
2412	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2413	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2414	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(k,m))
2415	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2416	ENDDO
2417	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2418	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) = pavement_heat_conduct &
2419	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2420	* 2.0_wp
2421	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(m) = surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m)
2422	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(m) = pavement_heat_capacity &
2423	* dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil) &
2424	* 0.25_wp
2425	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h_def(m) = pavement_heat_conduct
2426	surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_def(m) = pavement_heat_capacity
2427
2428	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface(m) ) THEN
2429
2430	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0(m) = z0_vegetation
2431	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h(m) = z0h_vegetation
2432	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q(m) = z0h_vegetation
2433	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2434	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = soil_temperature(k)
2435	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,m) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(k,m))
2436	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2437	ENDDO
2438	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,m) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2439	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) = lambda_surface_stable
2440	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(m) = lambda_surface_unstable
2441	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(m) = c_surface
2442	ENDIF
2443
2444	!
2445	!-- Calculate surface temperature. In case of bare soil, the surface
2446	!-- temperature must be reset to the soil temperature in the first soil
2447	!-- layer
2448	IF ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2449	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
2450	surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(:) = t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) / exn
2451	ELSE
2452	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2453	surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2454	ENDIF
2455
2456	!
2457	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2458	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2459
2460	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2461	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2462	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2463
2464	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2465	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2466	ELSE
2467	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2468	ENDIF
2469
2470	!
2471	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2472	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2473
2474	surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2475	surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(m)
2476	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) * surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) * rho_surface
2477	ENDDO
2478	ENDDO
2479
2480	!
2481	!-- Actions for restart runs
2482	ELSE
2483	!
2484	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2485	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2486	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2487	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2488	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2489	t_surface_h%var_1d(m) = pt(k-1,j,i) * exn
2490	ENDDO
2491	!
2492	!-- Vertical surfaces
2493	DO l = 0, 3
2494	!
2495	!-- Set index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
2496	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
2497	j_off = -1
2498	i_off = 0
2499	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
2500	j_off = 1
2501	i_off = 0
2502	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
2503	j_off = 0
2504	i_off = -1
2505	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
2506	j_off = 0
2507	i_off = 1
2508	ENDIF
2509	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2510	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2511	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2512	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2513	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(m) = pt(k,j+j_off,i+i_off) * exn
2514	ENDDO
2515	ENDDO
2516
2517	ENDIF
2518	!
2519	!-- Initialize root fraction
2520	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2521	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2522	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2523	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2524
2525	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2526	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2527	ENDDO
2528	ENDDO
2529	!
2530	!-- Vertical surfaces
2531	DO l = 0, 3
2532	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2533	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2534	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2535
2536	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2537	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2538	ENDDO
2539	ENDDO
2540	ENDDO
2541
2542
2543
2544	IF ( ALL( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
2545	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2546	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2547	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2548
2549
2550	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2551	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2552	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2553	ENDDO
2554	ENDDO
2555	DO l = 0, 3
2556	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2557	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2558	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2559
2560	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2561	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2562	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,vegetation_type)
2563	ENDDO
2564	ENDDO
2565	ENDDO
2566	ENDIF
2567
2568	!
2569	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2570	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2571	surf_lsm_h%lai = leaf_area_index
2572	surf_lsm_h%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2573	surf_lsm_h%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2574	surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2575
2576	!-- Vertical surfaces
2577	DO l = 0, 3
2578
2579	!
2580	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2581	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2582	surf_lsm_v(l)%lai = leaf_area_index
2583	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2584	surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2585	surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2586	ENDDO
2587
2588	!
2589	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
2590	CALL user_init_land_surface
2591
2592
2593	!
2594	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only, i.e. only
2595	!- horizontal surfaces)
2596	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
2597
2598	t_soil_h_p = t_soil_h
2599	m_soil_h_p = m_soil_h
2600	m_liq_h_p = m_liq_h
2601	t_surface_h_p = t_surface_h
2602
2603	t_soil_v_p = t_soil_v
2604	m_soil_v_p = m_soil_v
2605	m_liq_v_p = m_liq_v
2606	t_surface_v_p = t_surface_v
2607
2608
2609
2610	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
2611	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
2612	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2613	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2614	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2615	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2616
2617	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
2618
2619
2620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2621	! Description:
2622	! ------------
2623	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
2624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2625	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2626
2627
2628	IMPLICIT NONE
2629
2630	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< index indicating facing of surface array
2631
2632	!
2633	!-- Allocate global 1D arrays
2634	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2635	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2636	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2637	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil_layer(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2638	ALLOCATE ( root_extr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2639
2640	root_extr = 0.0_wp
2641
2642	!
2643	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity. Please note,
2644	!-- these arrays are allocated according to surface-data structure,
2645	!-- even if they do not belong to the data type due to the
2646	!-- pointer arithmetric (TARGET attribute is not allowed in a data-type).
2647	#if defined( __nopointer )
2648	!
2649	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2650	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2651	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2652	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2653	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2654	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2655	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2656	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2657	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2658
2659	!
2660	!-- Vertical surfaces
2661	DO l = 0, 3
2662	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2663	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2664	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2665	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2666	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2667	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2668	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2669	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2670	ENDDO
2671	#else
2672	!
2673	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2674	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2675	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2676	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2677	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2678	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2679	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2680	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2681	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2682	!
2683	!-- Vertical surfaces
2684	DO l = 0, 3
2685	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2686	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2687	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2688	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2689	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2690	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2691	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2692	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2693	ENDDO
2694	#endif
2695
2696	!
2697	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
2698	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2699	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2700	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2701	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2702	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2703	!
2704	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2705	DO l = 0, 3
2706	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2707	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2708	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2709	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2710	ENDDO
2711	!
2712	!-- Allocate skin-surface temperature
2713	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2714	DO l = 0, 3
2715	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2716	ENDDO
2717
2718	!
2719	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2720	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2721	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2722	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2723	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2724	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2725	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2726	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%ghf(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2727	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%g_d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2728	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lai(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2729	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h_def(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2730	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2731	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2732	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2733	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2734	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2735	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2736	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2737	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2738	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_def(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2739	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_a(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2740	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2741	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2742	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2743	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2744	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2745	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2746
2747	surf_lsm_h%water_surface = .FALSE.
2748	surf_lsm_h%pavement_surface = .FALSE.
2749	surf_lsm_h%vegetation_surface = .FALSE.
2750	!
2751	!-- Vertical surfaces
2752	DO l = 0, 3
2753	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2754	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2755	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2756	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2757	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2758	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2759	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2760	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lai(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2761	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h_def(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2762	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2763	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2764	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2765	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pavement_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2766	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2767	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2768	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2769	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2770	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_def(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2771	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2772	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2773	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2774	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2775	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2776	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2777	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2778
2779	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .FALSE.
2780	surf_lsm_v(l)%pavement_surface = .FALSE.
2781	surf_lsm_v(l)%vegetation_surface = .FALSE.
2782
2783	ENDDO
2784
2785	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2786	!
2787	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2788	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2789	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2790	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2791	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2792	m_liq_h => m_liq_h_1; m_liq_h_p => m_liq_h_2
2793	!
2794	!-- Vertical surfaces
2795	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2796	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2797	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2798	m_liq_v => m_liq_v_1; m_liq_v_p => m_liq_v_2
2799	#endif
2800
2801
2802	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2803
2804
2805	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2806	! Description:
2807	! ------------
2808	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2809	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2810	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2811
2812
2813	IMPLICIT NONE
2814
2815	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2816
2817	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2818	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2819	constant_roughness, &
2820	conserve_water_content, &
2821	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2822	aero_resist_kray, hydraulic_conductivity, &
2823	lambda_surface_stable, &
2824	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2825	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2826	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2827	pavement_depth, pavement_heat_capacity, &
2828	pavement_heat_conduct, pavement_type, &
2829	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2830	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2831	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2832	surface_type, &
2833	vegetation_coverage, vegetation_type, &
2834	water_temperature, water_type, &
2835	wilting_point, zs, z0_vegetation, &
2836	z0h_vegetation, z0q_vegetation, z0_water, &
2837	z0h_water, z0q_water, z0_pavement, &
2838	z0h_pavement, z0q_pavement
2839
2840	line = ' '
2841
2842	!
2843	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2844	REWIND ( 11 )
2845	line = ' '
2846	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2847	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2848	ENDDO
2849	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2850
2851	!
2852	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2853	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2854
2855	!
2856	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2857	land_surface = .TRUE.
2858
2859	10 CONTINUE
2860
2861
2862	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2863
2864
2865	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2866	! Description:
2867	! ------------
2868	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2869	!> temperature and water content.
2870	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2871	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model( horizontal, l )
2872
2873
2874	IMPLICIT NONE
2875
2876	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2877	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-data type index indication facing
2878	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
2879
2880	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< flag indication horizontal wall, required to set pointer accordingly
2881
2882	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2883
2884	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2885	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2886	tend !< tendency
2887
2888	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
2889	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil_p
2890	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
2891	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil_p
2892	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_soil_m
2893	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_soil_m
2894
2895	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
2896
2897	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
2898	surf => surf_lsm_h
2899
2900	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
2901	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_h_p
2902	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
2903	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_h_p
2904	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_h_m
2905	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_h_m
2906	ELSE
2907	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
2908
2909	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
2910	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_v_p(l)
2911	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
2912	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_v_p(l)
2913	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_v_m(l)
2914	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_v_m(l)
2915	ENDIF
2916
2917	DO m = 1, surf%ns
2918
2919	IF ( .NOT. surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2920	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2921
2922	IF ( surf%pavement_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) <= pavement_depth ) THEN
2923
2924	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = surf%rho_c_def(m)
2925	lambda_temp(k) = surf%lambda_h_def(m)
2926
2927	ELSE
2928	!
2929	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2930	!-- into account water content
2931	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = (rho_c_soil * &
2932	( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(k,m) )&
2933	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) )
2934
2935	!
2936	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2937	!-- layers
2938	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(k,m)) &
2939	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2940
2941	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) / &
2942	surf%m_sat(k,m) ) )
2943
2944	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2945	lambda_h_dry
2946	ENDIF
2947	ENDDO
2948
2949	!
2950	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _layer level
2951	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2952	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2953	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2954	IF ( surf%pavement_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) < pavement_depth &
2955	.AND. zs(k+1) > pavement_depth ) &
2956	THEN
2957	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( pavement_depth - zs(k) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2958	* lambda_temp(k) &
2959	+ ( zs(k+1) - pavement_depth ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2960	* lambda_temp(k+1)
2961	ELSE
2962	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2963	* 0.5_wp
2964	ENDIF
2965
2966	ENDDO
2967	surf%lambda_h(nzt_soil,m) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2968
2969	!
2970	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2971	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2972
2973	tend(nzb_soil) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) ) * &
2974	( surf%lambda_h(nzb_soil,m) * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) &
2975	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil) &
2976	+ surf%ghf(m) ) * ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil)
2977
2978	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2979	tend(k) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(k,m) ) &
2980	* ( surf%lambda_h(k,m) &
2981	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) &
2982	* ddz_soil(k) &
2983	- surf%lambda_h(k-1,m) &
2984	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k-1,m) ) &
2985	* ddz_soil(k-1) &
2986	) * ddz_soil_layer(k)
2987
2988	ENDDO
2989
2990	surf_t_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2991	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2992	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2993	+ tsc(3) &
2994	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) )
2995
2996	!
2997	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2998	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2999	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
3000	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3001	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
3002	ENDDO
3003	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
3004	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
3005	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3006	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
3007	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
3008	ENDDO
3009	ENDIF
3010	ENDIF
3011
3012
3013	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3014
3015	!
3016	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
3017	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * surf%gamma_w_sat(k,m) * psi_sat &
3018	/ surf%m_sat(k,m) ) * ( MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), &
3019	surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) / surf%m_sat(k,m) )**(&
3020	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
3021
3022	!
3023	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
3024	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten (1980)
3025	h_vg = ( ( ( surf%m_res(k,m) - surf%m_sat(k,m) ) / &
3026	( surf%m_res(k,m) - &
3027	MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) &
3028	) &
3029	)**( &
3030	surf%n_vg(k,m) / ( surf%n_vg(k,m) - 1.0_wp ) &
3031	) - 1.0_wp &
3032	)**( 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(k,m) ) / surf%alpha_vg(k,m)
3033
3034	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(k,m) * ( ( ( 1.0_wp + &
3035	( surf%alpha_vg(k,m) * h_vg )**surf%n_vg(k,m)&
3036	)**( &
3037	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(k,m)) - ( &
3038	surf%alpha_vg(k,m) * h_vg )**( surf%n_vg(k,m)&
3039	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
3040	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( surf%alpha_vg(k,m) * h_vg &
3041	)surf%n_vg(k,m) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
3042	/ surf%n_vg(k,m) ) * &
3043	( surf%l_vg(k,m) + 2.0_wp) ) )
3044
3045	ENDDO
3046
3047	!
3048	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
3049	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
3050	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
3051	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. surf%pavement_surface(m) ) THEN
3052	!
3053	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _layer level
3054	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
3055	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
3056	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
3057
3058	surf%lambda_w(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + &
3059	lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
3060	surf%gamma_w(k,m) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + &
3061	gamma_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
3062
3063	ENDDO
3064
3065	!
3066	!
3067	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
3068	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
3069	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
3070	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
3071	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = 0.0_wp
3072	ELSE
3073	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
3074	ENDIF
3075
3076	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg / (rho_l
3077	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
3078	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
3079	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
3080	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
3081	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
3082	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
3083	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
3084	!
3085	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
3086	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
3087	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
3088	!-- additional check.
3089	m_total = 0.0_wp
3090	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3091	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) THEN
3092	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
3093	ENDIF
3094	ENDDO
3095	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
3096	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3097	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(k,m) ) THEN
3098	root_extr(k) = surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
3099	/ m_total
3100	ELSE
3101	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
3102	ENDIF
3103	ENDDO
3104	ENDIF
3105	!
3106	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil_h.
3107	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
3108
3109	tend(nzb_soil) = ( surf%lambda_w(nzb_soil,m) * ( &
3110	surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
3111	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil) - surf%gamma_w(nzb_soil,m) - &
3112	( &
3113	root_extr(nzb_soil) * surf%qsws_veg(m) &
3114	+ surf%qsws_soil(m) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
3115	* ddz_soil_layer(nzb_soil)
3116
3117	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
3118	tend(k) = ( surf%lambda_w(k,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) &
3119	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) * ddz_soil(k) &
3120	- surf%gamma_w(k,m) &
3121	- surf%lambda_w(k-1,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) - &
3122	surf_m_soil%var_2d(k-1,m)) * ddz_soil(k-1) &
3123	+ surf%gamma_w(k-1,m) - (root_extr(k) &
3124	* surf%qsws_veg(m) * drho_l_lv) &
3125	) * ddz_soil_layer(k)
3126	ENDDO
3127	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) &
3128	- surf%lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,m) &
3129	* ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil,m) &
3130	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil-1,m)) &
3131	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil-1) &
3132	+ surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,m) - ( &
3133	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
3134	* surf%qsws_veg(m) * drho_l_lv ) &
3135	) * ddz_soil_layer(nzt_soil)
3136
3137	surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
3138	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
3139	+ tsc(3) * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(:,m) )
3140
3141	!
3142	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
3143	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3144	IF ( surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) < 0.0_wp ) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) = 0.0_wp
3145	ENDDO
3146
3147	!
3148	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
3149	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
3150	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
3151	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3152	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
3153	ENDDO
3154	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
3155	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
3156	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3157	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
3158	* surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
3159	ENDDO
3160	ENDIF
3161	ENDIF
3162	ENDIF
3163
3164	ENDIF
3165
3166	ENDDO
3167
3168	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
3169
3170
3171	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3172	! Description:
3173	! ------------
3174	!> Swapping of timelevels
3175	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3176	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
3177
3178	IMPLICIT NONE
3179
3180	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
3181
3182	#if defined( __nopointer )
3183	!
3184	!-- Horizontal surfaces
3185	t_surface_h = t_surface_h_p
3186	t_soil_h = t_soil_h_p
3187	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3188	m_soil_h = m_soil_h_p
3189	m_liq_h = m_liq_h_p
3190	ENDIF
3191	!
3192	!-- Vertical surfaces
3193	t_surface_v = t_surface_v_p
3194	t_soil_v = t_soil_v_p
3195	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3196	m_soil_v = m_soil_v_p
3197	m_liq_v = m_liq_v_p
3198	ENDIF
3199
3200	#else
3201
3202	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
3203
3204	CASE ( 0 )
3205	!
3206	!-- Horizontal surfaces
3207	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
3208	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
3209	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3210	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
3211	m_liq_h => m_liq_h_1; m_liq_h_p => m_liq_h_2
3212	ENDIF
3213	!
3214	!-- Vertical surfaces
3215	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
3216	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
3217	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3218	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
3219	m_liq_v => m_liq_v_1; m_liq_v_p => m_liq_v_2
3220	ENDIF
3221
3222
3223
3224	CASE ( 1 )
3225	!
3226	!-- Horizontal surfaces
3227	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_2; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_1
3228	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_2; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_1
3229	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3230	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_2; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_1
3231	m_liq_h => m_liq_h_2; m_liq_h_p => m_liq_h_1
3232	ENDIF
3233	!
3234	!-- Vertical surfaces
3235	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_2; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_1
3236	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_2; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_1
3237	IF ( humidity ) THEN
3238	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_2; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_1
3239	m_liq_v => m_liq_v_2; m_liq_v_p => m_liq_v_1
3240	ENDIF
3241
3242	END SELECT
3243	#endif
3244
3245	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3251	!
3252	! Description:
3253	! ------------
3254	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
3255	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3256	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
3257
3258
3259	USE control_parameters
3260
3261	USE indices
3262
3263	USE kinds
3264
3265	IMPLICIT NONE
3266
3267	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3268	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3269
3270	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3271	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3272	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3273	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3274
3275	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
3276
3277	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3278
3279	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3280	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3281	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3282	ENDIF
3283	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3284
3285	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3286	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3287	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3288	ENDIF
3289	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3290
3291	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3292	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3293	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3294	ENDIF
3295	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
3296
3297	CASE ( 'ghf*' )
3298	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_av ) ) THEN
3299	ALLOCATE( ghf_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3300	ENDIF
3301	ghf_av = 0.0_wp
3302
3303	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3304	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3305	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3306	ENDIF
3307	lai_av = 0.0_wp
3308
3309	CASE ( 'm_liq*' )
3310	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_av ) ) THEN
3311	ALLOCATE( m_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3312	ENDIF
3313	m_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3314
3315	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3316	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3317	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3318	ENDIF
3319	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3320
3321	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*' )
3322	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_av ) ) THEN
3323	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3324	ENDIF
3325	qsws_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3326
3327	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*' )
3328	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_av ) ) THEN
3329	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3330	ENDIF
3331	qsws_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3332
3333	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*' )
3334	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_av ) ) THEN
3335	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3336	ENDIF
3337	qsws_veg_av = 0.0_wp
3338
3339	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3340	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
3341	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3342	ENDIF
3343	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
3344
3345	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3346	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
3347	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3348	ENDIF
3349	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
3350
3351	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3352	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3353	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3354	ENDIF
3355	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3356
3357	CASE DEFAULT
3358	CONTINUE
3359
3360	END SELECT
3361
3362	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
3363
3364	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3365
3366	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3367	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3368	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3369	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3370	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m)
3371	ENDDO
3372
3373	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3374	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3375	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3376	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3377	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m))
3378	ENDDO
3379
3380	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3381	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3382	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3383	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3384	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3385	ENDDO
3386
3387	CASE ( 'ghf*' )
3388	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3389	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3390	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3391	ghf_av(j,i) = ghf_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%ghf(m)
3392	ENDDO
3393
3394	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3395	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3396	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3397	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3398	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3399	ENDDO
3400
3401	CASE ( 'm_liq*' )
3402	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3403	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3404	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3405	m_liq_av(j,i) = m_liq_av(j,i) + m_liq_h%var_1d(m)
3406	ENDDO
3407
3408	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3409	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3410	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3411	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3412	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3413	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3414	ENDDO
3415	ENDDO
3416
3417	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*' )
3418	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3419	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3420	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3421	qsws_liq_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_av(j,i) + &
3422	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq(m)
3423	ENDDO
3424
3425	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*' )
3426	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3427	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3428	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3429	qsws_soil_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_av(j,i) + &
3430	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil(m)
3431	ENDDO
3432
3433	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*' )
3434	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3435	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3436	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3437	qsws_veg_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_av(j,i) + &
3438	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg(m)
3439	ENDDO
3440
3441	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3442	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3443	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3444	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3445	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3446	ENDDO
3447
3448	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3449	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3450	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3451	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3452	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3453	ENDDO
3454
3455	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3456	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3457	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3458	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3459	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3460	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3461	ENDDO
3462	ENDDO
3463
3464	CASE DEFAULT
3465	CONTINUE
3466
3467	END SELECT
3468
3469	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
3470
3471	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3472
3473	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3474	DO i = nxl, nxr
3475	DO j = nys, nyn
3476	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3477	ENDDO
3478	ENDDO
3479
3480	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3481	DO i = nxl, nxr
3482	DO j = nys, nyn
3483	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3484	ENDDO
3485	ENDDO
3486
3487	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3488	DO i = nxl, nxr
3489	DO j = nys, nyn
3490	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3491	ENDDO
3492	ENDDO
3493
3494	CASE ( 'ghf*' )
3495	DO i = nxl, nxr
3496	DO j = nys, nyn
3497	ghf_av(j,i) = ghf_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3498	ENDDO
3499	ENDDO
3500
3501	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3502	DO i = nxl, nxr
3503	DO j = nys, nyn
3504	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3505	ENDDO
3506	ENDDO
3507
3508	CASE ( 'm_liq*' )
3509	DO i = nxl, nxr
3510	DO j = nys, nyn
3511	m_liq_av(j,i) = m_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3512	ENDDO
3513	ENDDO
3514
3515	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3516	DO i = nxl, nxr
3517	DO j = nys, nyn
3518	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3519	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3520	ENDDO
3521	ENDDO
3522	ENDDO
3523
3524	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*' )
3525	DO i = nxl, nxr
3526	DO j = nys, nyn
3527	qsws_liq_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3528	ENDDO
3529	ENDDO
3530
3531	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*' )
3532	DO i = nxl, nxr
3533	DO j = nys, nyn
3534	qsws_soil_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3535	ENDDO
3536	ENDDO
3537
3538	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*' )
3539	DO i = nxl, nxr
3540	DO j = nys, nyn
3541	qsws_veg_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3542	ENDDO
3543	ENDDO
3544
3545	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3546	DO i = nxl, nxr
3547	DO j = nys, nyn
3548	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3549	ENDDO
3550	ENDDO
3551
3552	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3553	DO i = nxl, nxr
3554	DO j = nys, nyn
3555	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3556	ENDDO
3557	ENDDO
3558
3559	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3560	DO i = nxl, nxr
3561	DO j = nys, nyn
3562	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3563	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3564	ENDDO
3565	ENDDO
3566	ENDDO
3567	!
3568	!--
3569
3570	END SELECT
3571
3572	ENDIF
3573
3574	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
3575
3576
3577	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3578	!
3579	! Description:
3580	! ------------
3581	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
3582	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
3583	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3584	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
3585
3586	IMPLICIT NONE
3587
3588	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
3589	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
3590	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
3591	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
3592	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
3593
3594	found = .TRUE.
3595
3596	!
3597	!-- Check for the grid
3598	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
3599
3600	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
3601	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
3602	grid_x = 'x'
3603	grid_y = 'y'
3604	grid_z = 'zs'
3605
3606	CASE DEFAULT
3607	found = .FALSE.
3608	grid_x = 'none'
3609	grid_y = 'none'
3610	grid_z = 'none'
3611	END SELECT
3612
3613	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
3614
3615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3616	!
3617	! Description:
3618	! ------------
3619	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3621	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
3622	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
3623
3624	USE indices
3625
3626	USE kinds
3627
3628
3629	IMPLICIT NONE
3630
3631	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
3632	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3633	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3634
3635	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3636	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3637	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3638	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3639	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3640	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
3641	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
3642
3643	LOGICAL :: found !<
3644	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
3645
3646	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
3647
3648
3649	found = .TRUE.
3650
3651	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3652	!
3653	!-- Before data is transfered to local_pf, transfer is it 2D dummy variable and exchange ghost points therein.
3654	!-- However, at this point this is only required for instantaneous arrays, time-averaged quantities are already exchanged.
3655	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3656	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3657	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3658	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3659	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3660	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) * surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3661	ENDDO
3662	ELSE
3663	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3664	DO j = nysg, nyng
3665	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
3666	ENDDO
3667	ENDDO
3668	ENDIF
3669
3670	two_d = .TRUE.
3671	grid = 'zu1'
3672
3673	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3674	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3675	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3676	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3677	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3678	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3679	ENDDO
3680	ELSE
3681	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3682	DO j = nysg, nyng
3683	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
3684	ENDDO
3685	ENDDO
3686	ENDIF
3687
3688	two_d = .TRUE.
3689	grid = 'zu1'
3690
3691	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3692	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3693	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3694	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3695	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3696	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3697	ENDDO
3698	ELSE
3699	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3700	DO j = nysg, nyng
3701	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
3702	ENDDO
3703	ENDDO
3704	ENDIF
3705
3706	two_d = .TRUE.
3707	grid = 'zu1'
3708
3709	CASE ( 'ghf*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3710	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3711	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3712	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3713	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3714	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%ghf(m)
3715	ENDDO
3716	ELSE
3717	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3718	DO j = nysg, nyng
3719	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_av(j,i)
3720	ENDDO
3721	ENDDO
3722	ENDIF
3723
3724	two_d = .TRUE.
3725	grid = 'zu1'
3726
3727	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3728	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3729	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3730	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3731	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3732	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3733	ENDDO
3734	ELSE
3735	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3736	DO j = nysg, nyng
3737	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
3738	ENDDO
3739	ENDDO
3740	ENDIF
3741
3742	two_d = .TRUE.
3743	grid = 'zu1'
3744
3745	CASE ( 'm_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3746	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3747	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3748	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3749	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3750	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_h%var_1d(m)
3751	ENDDO
3752	ELSE
3753	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3754	DO j = nysg, nyng
3755	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_av(j,i)
3756	ENDDO
3757	ENDDO
3758	ENDIF
3759
3760	two_d = .TRUE.
3761	grid = 'zu1'
3762
3763	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
3764	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3765	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3766	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3767	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3768	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3769	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3770	ENDDO
3771	ENDDO
3772	ELSE
3773	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3774	DO j = nysg, nyng
3775	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3776	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3777	ENDDO
3778	ENDDO
3779	ENDDO
3780	ENDIF
3781
3782	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3783	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3784
3785	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3786
3787	CASE ( 'qsws_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3788	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3789	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3790	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3791	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3792	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq(m)
3793	ENDDO
3794	ELSE
3795	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3796	DO j = nysg, nyng
3797	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_av(j,i)
3798	ENDDO
3799	ENDDO
3800	ENDIF
3801
3802	two_d = .TRUE.
3803	grid = 'zu1'
3804
3805	CASE ( 'qsws_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3806	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3807	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3808	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3809	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3810	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil(m)
3811	ENDDO
3812	ELSE
3813	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3814	DO j = nysg, nyng
3815	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_av(j,i)
3816	ENDDO
3817	ENDDO
3818	ENDIF
3819
3820	two_d = .TRUE.
3821	grid = 'zu1'
3822
3823	CASE ( 'qsws_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3824	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3825	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3826	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3827	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3828	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg(m)
3829	ENDDO
3830	ELSE
3831	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3832	DO j = nysg, nyng
3833	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_av(j,i)
3834	ENDDO
3835	ENDDO
3836	ENDIF
3837
3838	two_d = .TRUE.
3839	grid = 'zu1'
3840
3841
3842	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3843	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3844	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3845	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3846	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3847	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3848	ENDDO
3849	ELSE
3850	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3851	DO j = nysg, nyng
3852	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3853	ENDDO
3854	ENDDO
3855	ENDIF
3856
3857	two_d = .TRUE.
3858	grid = 'zu1'
3859
3860	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3861	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3862	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3863	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3864	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3865	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3866	ENDDO
3867	ELSE
3868	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3869	DO j = nysg, nyng
3870	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3871	ENDDO
3872	ENDDO
3873	ENDIF
3874
3875	two_d = .TRUE.
3876	grid = 'zu1'
3877
3878	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3879	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3880	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3881	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3882	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3883	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3884	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3885	ENDDO
3886	ENDDO
3887	ELSE
3888	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3889	DO j = nysg, nyng
3890	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3891	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3892	ENDDO
3893	ENDDO
3894	ENDDO
3895	ENDIF
3896
3897	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3898	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3899
3900	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3901
3902	CASE DEFAULT
3903	found = .FALSE.
3904	grid = 'none'
3905
3906	END SELECT
3907
3908	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3909
3910
3911	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3912	!
3913	! Description:
3914	! ------------
3915	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3916	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3917	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3918
3919
3920	USE indices
3921
3922	USE kinds
3923
3924
3925	IMPLICIT NONE
3926
3927	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3928
3929	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3930	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3931	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3932	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3933	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3934
3935	LOGICAL :: found !<
3936
3937	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3938
3939
3940	found = .TRUE.
3941
3942
3943	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3944	!
3945	!-- Requires 3D exchange
3946
3947	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3948
3949	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3950	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3951	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3952	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3953	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3954	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3955	ENDDO
3956	ENDDO
3957	ELSE
3958	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3959	DO j = nysg, nyng
3960	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3961	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3962	ENDDO
3963	ENDDO
3964	ENDDO
3965	ENDIF
3966
3967	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3968
3969	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3970	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3971	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3972	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3973	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3974	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3975	ENDDO
3976	ENDDO
3977	ELSE
3978	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3979	DO j = nysg, nyng
3980	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3981	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3982	ENDDO
3983	ENDDO
3984	ENDDO
3985	ENDIF
3986
3987
3988	CASE DEFAULT
3989	found = .FALSE.
3990
3991	END SELECT
3992
3993
3994	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3995
3996
3997	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3998	!
3999	! Description:
4000	! ------------
4001	!> Write restart data for land surface model
4002	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4003	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
4004
4005
4006	USE control_parameters
4007
4008	USE kinds
4009
4010	IMPLICIT NONE
4011
4012	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
4013	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
4014	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
4015	ENDIF
4016	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
4017	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
4018	ENDIF
4019	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
4020	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
4021	ENDIF
4022	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_av ) ) THEN
4023	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_av
4024	ENDIF
4025	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
4026	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
4027	ENDIF
4028	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_h%var_1d
4029	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_av ) ) THEN
4030	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_av
4031	ENDIF
4032	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_h%var_2d
4033	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
4034	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
4035	ENDIF
4036	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_av ) ) THEN
4037	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_av
4038	ENDIF
4039	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_av ) ) THEN
4040	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_av
4041	ENDIF
4042	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_av ) ) THEN
4043	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_av
4044	ENDIF
4045	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_h%var_2d
4046	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4047	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
4048	ENDIF
4049
4050	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
4051
4052	ENDIF
4053
4054	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
4055
4056
4057	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
4058	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
4059	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
4060	tmp_2d )
4061
4062
4063	USE control_parameters
4064
4065	USE indices
4066
4067	USE kinds
4068
4069	USE pegrid
4070
4071	IMPLICIT NONE
4072
4073	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
4074
4075	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
4076	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
4077	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
4078	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
4079	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
4080	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
4081	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
4082	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
4083	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
4084	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
4085	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
4086	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
4087	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
4088	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
4089	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
4090
4091	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
4092	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
4093	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
4094	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
4095	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
4096	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
4097
4098	REAL(wp), &
4099	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
4100	tmp_2d !<
4101
4102	REAL(wp), &
4103	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
4104	tmp_3d !<
4105
4106	REAL(wp), &
4107	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
4108	tmp_3d2 !<
4109
4110	REAL(wp), &
4111	DIMENSION(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
4112	tmp_walltype_1d !<
4113
4114	REAL(wp), &
4115	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
4116	tmp_walltype_2d !<
4117
4118	REAL(wp), &
4119	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
4120	tmp_walltype_2d2 !<
4121
4122
4123	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
4124	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4125
4126	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
4127
4128	DO k = 1, overlap_count
4129
4130	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
4131	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
4132	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
4133	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
4134	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
4135	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
4136	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
4137	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
4138
4139	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
4140
4141
4142	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
4143	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
4144	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4145	ENDIF
4146	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4147	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4148	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4149
4150	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
4151	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
4152	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4153	ENDIF
4154	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4155	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4156	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4157
4158	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
4159	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
4160	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4161	ENDIF
4162	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4163	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4164	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4165
4166	CASE ( 'ghf_av' )
4167	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_av ) ) THEN
4168	ALLOCATE( ghf_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4169	ENDIF
4170	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4171	ghf_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4172	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4173
4174	CASE ( 'm_liq' )
4175	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_1d !tmp_2d
4176	m_liq_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4177	tmp_walltype_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4178
4179	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
4180	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
4181	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4182	ENDIF
4183	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4184	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4185	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4186
4187	CASE ( 'm_liq_av' )
4188	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_av ) ) THEN
4189	ALLOCATE( m_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4190	ENDIF
4191	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4192	m_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4193	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4194
4195	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
4196	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d2(:,:)
4197	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4198	tmp_walltype_2d2(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4199
4200	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
4201	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
4202	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4203	ENDIF
4204	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4205	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4206	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
4207	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4208
4209	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_av' )
4210	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_av ) ) THEN
4211	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4212	ENDIF
4213	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4214	qsws_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4215	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4216	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_av' )
4217	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_av ) ) THEN
4218	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4219	ENDIF
4220	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4221	qsws_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4222	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4223
4224	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_av' )
4225	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_av ) ) THEN
4226	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4227	ENDIF
4228	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4229	qsws_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4230	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4231
4232	CASE ( 't_soil' )
4233	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d(:,:)
4234	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4235	tmp_walltype_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4236
4237	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
4238	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4239	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4240	ENDIF
4241	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4242	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4243	tmp_3d2(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
4244	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4245
4246
4247	CASE DEFAULT
4248	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
4249	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
4250	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
4251	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0302', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
4252	0 )
4253
4254	END SELECT
4255
4256	ENDDO
4257
4258	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4259
4260	ENDDO
4261	ENDIF
4262
4263	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
4264
4265	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4266	! Description:
4267	! ------------
4268	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
4269	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
4270	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
4271	!> 2012)
4272	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4273	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4274
4275	USE control_parameters, &
4276	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
4277
4278	IMPLICIT NONE
4279
4280	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
4281	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
4282	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
4283
4284	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
4285	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
4286	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
4287	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
4288
4289	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
4290
4291	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
4292	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
4293
4294	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
4295
4296	!
4297	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
4298	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
4299	!-- length
4300	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
4301	!
4302	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
4303	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
4304	!
4305	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
4306	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
4307
4308	!
4309	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
4310	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
4311	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
4312	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
4313	! ENDIF
4314
4315	!
4316	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
4317	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
4318	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
4319	!-- Charnock relation is used.
4320	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4321	surf_lsm_h%us(m) ) &
4322	+ ( alpha_ch * surf_lsm_h%us(m)**2 / g )
4323
4324	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4325	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4326	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4327	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4328
4329	ENDIF
4330	ENDDO
4331
4332	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4333
4334
4335
4336	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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