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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2150 2017-02-09 16:57:49Z raasch $
27	!
28	! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf
29	! Land surface parameters II corrected for veg_type 18 and 19
30	!
31	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
32	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
33	!
34	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
35	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
36	!
37	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
38	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
39	!
40	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
41	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
42	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
43	!
44	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
45	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
46	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
47	!
48	!
49	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
50	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
51	!
52	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
53	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
54	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
55	!
56	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
57	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
58	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
59	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
60	!
61	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
62	! prr moved to arrays_3d
63	!
64	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
65	! Cleanup after modularization
66	!
67	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
68	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
69	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
70	!
71	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
72	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
73	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
74	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
75	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
76	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
77	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
78	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
79	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
80	! Syntax layout improved.
81	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
82	!
83	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
84	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
85	!
86	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
87	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
88	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
89	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
90	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
91	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
92	!
93	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
94	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
95	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
96	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
97	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
98	! Added todo action
99	!
100	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
101	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
102	!
103	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
104	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
105	! Replaced rif with ol
106	!
107	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
108	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
109	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
110	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
111	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
112	!
113	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
114	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
115	!
116	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
117	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
118	!
119	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
120	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
121	!
122	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
123	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
124	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
125	!
126	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
127	! Added output of r_a and r_s
128	!
129	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
130	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
131	! profile
132	!
133	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
134	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
135	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
136	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
137	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
138	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
139	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
140	! calculation
141	!
142	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
143	!
144	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
145	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
146	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
147	! Added support for dry runs.
148	!
149	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
150	! Initial revision
151	!
152	!
153	! Description:
154	! ------------
155	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
156	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
157	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
158	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
159	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
160	!>
161	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
162	!> skin layer.
163	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
164	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
165	!> nzt_soil=3)).
166	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
167	!> with considerable precipitation.
168	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
169	!>
170	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
171	!> become too thin.
172	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
173	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
174
175	USE arrays_3d, &
176	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
177	z0h, z0q
178
179	USE cloud_parameters, &
180	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
181
182	USE control_parameters, &
183	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
184	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
185	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
186	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
187	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
188
189	USE indices, &
190	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
191
192	USE kinds
193
194	USE pegrid
195
196	USE radiation_model_mod, &
197	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
198	rad_lw_out_change_0, unscheduled_radiation_calls
199
200	USE statistics, &
201	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
202
203	IMPLICIT NONE
204
205	!
206	!-- LSM model constants
207	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
208	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
209	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
210
211	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
212	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
213	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
214	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
215	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
216	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
217	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
218	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
219	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
220
221
222	!
223	!-- LSM variables
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
225	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
226
227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
228	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
229
230	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
231	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
232	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
233
234	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
235	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
236	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
237
238	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
239	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
240	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
241	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
242	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
243	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
244	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
245	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
246	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
247	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
248	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
249	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
250	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
251	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
252	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
253	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
254	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
255	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
256	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
257	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
258	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
259	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
260	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
261	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
262	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
263	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
264	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
265	rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v
266	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
267	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
268	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
269	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
270	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
271	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
272	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
273	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
274
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
276	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
277	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
278	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
279	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
280	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
281	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
282	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
283
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
285	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
286	283.0_wp /), &
287	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
288	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
289
290	#if defined( __nopointer )
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
292	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
293	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
294	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
295	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
296	#else
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
298	t_surface_p, &
299	m_liq_eb, &
300	m_liq_eb_p
301
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
303	m_liq_eb_av, &
304	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
305	#endif
306
307	!
308	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
310	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
311
312	!
313	!-- Energy balance variables
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
315	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
316	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
317	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
318	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
319	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
320	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
321	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
322	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
323	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
324	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
325	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
326	lai, & !< leaf area index
327	lai_av, & !< average of lai
328	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
329	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
330	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
331	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
332	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
333	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
334	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
335	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
336	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
337	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
338	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
339	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
340	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
341	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
342	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
343	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
344	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
345	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
346	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
347	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
348	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
349	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
350	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
351	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
352	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
353	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
354	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
355
356
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
358	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
359	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
360	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
361	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
362
363	#if defined( __nopointer )
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
365	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
366	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
367	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
368	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
369	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
370	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
371	#else
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
373	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
374	m_soil, m_soil_p
375
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
377	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
378	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
379	#endif
380
381
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
383	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
384	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
385	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
386
387
388	!
389	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
390	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
391	'user defined ', & ! 0
392	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
393	'short grass ', & ! 2
394	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
395	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
396	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
397	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
398	'tall grass ', & ! 7
399	'desert ', & ! 8
400	'tundra ', & ! 9
401	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
402	'semidesert ', & ! 11
403	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
404	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
405	'inland water ', & ! 14
406	'ocean ', & ! 15
407	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
408	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
409	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
410	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
411	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
412	/)
413
414	!
415	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
416	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
417	'user defined', & ! 0
418	'coarse ', & ! 1
419	'medium ', & ! 2
420	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
421	'fine ', & ! 4
422	'very fine ', & ! 5
423	'organic ', & ! 6
424	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
425	/)
426	!
427	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
428
429	!
430	!-- Land surface parameters I
431	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
433	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
434	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
435	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
436	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
437	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
438	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
439	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
440	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
441	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
442	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
443	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
444	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
445	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
446	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
447	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
448	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
449	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
450	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
451	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
452	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
453	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
454
455	!
456	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
457	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
458	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
459	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
460	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
461	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
462	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
463	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
464	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
465	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
466	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
467	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
468	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
469	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
470	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
471	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
472	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
473	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
474	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
475	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 18
476	1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, & ! 19
477	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
478	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
479
480	!
481	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
482	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
483	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
484	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
485	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
486	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
487	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
488	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
489	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
490	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
491	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
492	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
493	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
494	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
495	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
496	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
497	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
498	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
499	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
500	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
501	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
502	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
503	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
504
505	!
506	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
507	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
508	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
509	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
510	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
511	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
512	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
513	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
514	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
515	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
516	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
517	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
518	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
519	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
520	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
521	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
522	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
523	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
524	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
525	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
526	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
527	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
528	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
529
530	!
531	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
532
533	!
534	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
535	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
536	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
537	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
538	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
539	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
540	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
541	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
542	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
543	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
544
545	!
546	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
547	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
548	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
549	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
550	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
551	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
552	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
553	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
554	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
555	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
556
557
558	SAVE
559
560
561	PRIVATE
562
563
564	!
565	!-- Public functions
566	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
567	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
568	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
569	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
570	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
571	!
572	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
573	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
574
575	!
576	!-- Public grid variables
577	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
578
579	!
580	!-- Public 2D output variables
581	PUBLIC ghf_eb, qsws_eb, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_soil_eb,qsws_veg_eb, r_a, r_s, &
582	shf_eb
583
584	!
585	!-- Public prognostic variables
586	PUBLIC m_soil, t_soil
587
588
589	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
590	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
591	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
592
593	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
594	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
595	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
596
597	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
598	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
599	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
600
601	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
602	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
603	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
604
605	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
606	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
607	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
608
609	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
610	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
611	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
612
613	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
614	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
615	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
616
617	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
618	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
619	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
620
621	INTERFACE lsm_header
622	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
623	END INTERFACE lsm_header
624
625	INTERFACE lsm_init
626	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
627	END INTERFACE lsm_init
628
629	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
630	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
631	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
632
633	INTERFACE lsm_parin
634	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
635	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
636
637	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
638	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
639	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
640
641	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
642	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
643	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
644
645	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
646	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
647	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
648
649	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
650	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
651	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
652
653	CONTAINS
654
655	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
656	! Description:
657	! ------------
658	!> Check data output for land surface model
659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
660	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
661
662
663	USE control_parameters, &
664	ONLY: data_output, message_string
665
666	IMPLICIT NONE
667
668	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
669	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
670
671	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
672	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
673	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
674
675	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
676
677	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
678	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
679	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
680	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
681	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
682	ENDIF
683	unit = 'm3/m3'
684
685	CASE ( 't_soil' )
686	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
687	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
688	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
689	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
690	ENDIF
691	unit = 'K'
692
693	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
694	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
695	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
696	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
697	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
698	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
699	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
700	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
701	ENDIF
702	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
703	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
704	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
705	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
706	ENDIF
707	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
708	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
709	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
710	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
711	ENDIF
712	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
713	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
714	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
715	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
716	ENDIF
717	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
718	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
719	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
720	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
721	ENDIF
722	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
723	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
724	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
725	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
726	ENDIF
727	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
728	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
729	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
730	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
731	ENDIF
732	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
733	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
734	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
735	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
736	ENDIF
737	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
738	THEN
739	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
740	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
741	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
742	ENDIF
743	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
744	THEN
745	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
746	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
747	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
748	ENDIF
749	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
750	THEN
751	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
752	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
753	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
754	ENDIF
755	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
756	THEN
757	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
758	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
759	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
760	ENDIF
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
762	THEN
763	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
764	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
765	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
766	ENDIF
767
768	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
769	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
770	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
771	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
772	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
773	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
774	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
775	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
776	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
777	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
778	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
779	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
780	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
781
782	CASE DEFAULT
783	unit = 'illegal'
784
785	END SELECT
786
787
788	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
789
790
791	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
792	! Description:
793	! ------------
794	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
795	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
796	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
797
798	USE control_parameters, &
799	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
800
801	USE indices
802
803	USE profil_parameter
804
805	USE statistics
806
807	IMPLICIT NONE
808
809	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
810	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
811	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
812
813	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
814	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
815
816	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
817
818	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
819	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
820	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
821	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
822	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
823	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
824	ELSE
825	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
826	dopr_unit = 'K'
827	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
828	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
829	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
830	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
831	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
832	ENDIF
833	unit = dopr_unit
834	ENDIF
835
836	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
837	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
838	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
839	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
840	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
841	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
842	ELSE
843	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
844	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
845	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
846	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
847	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
848	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
849	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
850	ENDIF
851	unit = dopr_unit
852	ENDIF
853
854
855	CASE DEFAULT
856	unit = 'illegal'
857
858	END SELECT
859
860
861	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
862
863
864	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
865	! Description:
866	! ------------
867	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
868	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
869	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
870
871	USE control_parameters, &
872	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
873	most_method, topography
874
875	USE radiation_model_mod, &
876	ONLY: radiation
877
878
879	IMPLICIT NONE
880
881
882	!
883	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
884	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
885	!-- model
886	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
887	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
888	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
889	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
890	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
891	ENDIF
892
893	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
894	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
895	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
896	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
897	ENDIF
898
899	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
900	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
901	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
902	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
903	ENDIF
904
905	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
906	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
907	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
908	'allowed in combination with ', &
909	'most_method = ', most_method
910	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
911	ENDIF
912
913	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
914	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
915	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
916	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
917	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
918	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
919	ENDIF
920
921	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
922	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
923	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
924	'/= 9999999.9'
925	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
926	ENDIF
927
928	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
929	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
930	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
931	'/= 9999999.9'
932	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
933	ENDIF
934
935	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
936	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
937	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
938	'/= 9999999.9'
939	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
940	ENDIF
941
942	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
943	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
944	'requires setting of'// &
945	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
946	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
947	ENDIF
948
949	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
950	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
951	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
952	'/= 9999999.9'
953	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
954	ENDIF
955
956	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
957	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
958	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
959	'/= 9999999.9'
960	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
961	ENDIF
962
963	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
964	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
965	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
966	'/= 9999999.9'
967	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
968	ENDIF
969
970	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
971	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
972	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
973	'/= 9999999.9'
974	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
975	ENDIF
976
977	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
978	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
979	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
980	'/= 9999999.9'
981	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
982	ENDIF
983
984
985	ENDIF
986
987	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
988
989	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
990	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
991	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
992	'/= 9999999.9'
993	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
994	ENDIF
995
996	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
997	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
998	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
999	'/= 9999999.9'
1000	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1004	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1005	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
1006	'/= 9999999.9'
1007	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1008	ENDIF
1009
1010	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1011	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1012	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1013	'/= 9999999.9'
1014	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1015	ENDIF
1016
1017	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1018	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1019	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1020	'/= 9999999.9'
1021	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1022	ENDIF
1023
1024	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1025	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1026	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1027	'/= 9999999.9'
1028	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1032	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1033	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1034	'/= 9999999.9'
1035	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1036	ENDIF
1037
1038	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1039	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1040	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1041	'/= 9999999.9'
1042	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1043	ENDIF
1044
1045	ENDIF
1046
1047	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1048	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1049	'radiation = .T.'
1050	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1051	ENDIF
1052
1053
1054	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1055
1056	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1057	! Description:
1058	! ------------
1059	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1060	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1061	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1062
1063
1064	IMPLICIT NONE
1065
1066	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1067	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1068	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
1069
1070	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1071	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1072	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1073	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1074	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1075	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1076	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1077	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1078	tend, & !< tendency
1079	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1080	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1081	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1082	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1083	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1084	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1085	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1086	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1087	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1088	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1089	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1090	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1091
1092	!
1093	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1094	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1095
1096	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1097	DO j = nysg, nyng
1098	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1099
1100	!
1101	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1102	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1103
1104	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1105
1106	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
1107	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
1108	ELSE
1109	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
1110	ENDIF
1111	ELSE
1112
1113	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1114	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1115
1116	ENDIF
1117
1118	!
1119	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1120	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1121	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1122	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1123	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1124	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1125	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
1126	ELSE
1127	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1128	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
1129	ENDIF
1130
1131	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
1132
1133	!
1134	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1135	!-- stratification
1136	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
1137
1138	!
1139	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1140	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1141
1142	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1143	!-- night)
1144	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
1145	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
1146	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1147
1148
1149
1150	!
1151	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1152	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1153	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1154	m_total = 0.0_wp
1155	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1156	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
1157	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
1158	ENDDO
1159
1160	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1161	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
1162	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1163	f2 = 1.0_wp
1164	ELSE
1165	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1166	ENDIF
1167
1168	!
1169	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1170	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1171	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1172
1173	!
1174	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1175	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1176	!
1177	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1178	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1179	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1180	ELSE
1181	f3 = 1.0_wp
1182	ENDIF
1183
1184	!
1185	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1186	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1187	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1188	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1189	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1190
1191	!
1192	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1193	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1194	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
1195	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1196	m_res(j,i)
1197	ELSE
1198	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1199	ENDIF
1200
1201	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1202	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1203	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1204
1205	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1206
1207	!
1208	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1209	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1210	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1211	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1212	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1213	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1214	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1215	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1216	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1217	ELSE
1218	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
1219	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
1220	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
1221	ENDIF
1222
1223	!
1224	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1225	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1226
1227	!
1228	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1229	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1230	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1231	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1232	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1233	ENDIF
1234
1235	!
1236	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1237	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1238	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1239	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1240	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1241	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1242	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
1243	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
1244	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1245	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1246	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1247	ELSE
1248	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1249	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1250	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1251	r_soil(j,i))
1252	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1253	ENDIF
1254	!
1255	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1256	!-- transpirate.
1257	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1258	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1259	! ENDIF
1260
1261	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1262	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1263
1264	!
1265	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1266	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1267	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1268	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1269
1270	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1271
1272	!
1273	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1274	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1275
1276	!
1277	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1278	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1279
1280	!
1281	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1282	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1283	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1284	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1285	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1286	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1287
1288	!
1289	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1290	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1291	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1292	ELSE
1293
1294	!
1295	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1296	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1297	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1298	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1299	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1300
1301	!
1302	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1303	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1304
1305	ENDIF
1306
1307	tend = 0.0_wp
1308
1309	!
1310	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1311	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1312	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
1313	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
1314	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1315
1316	!
1317	!-- Add RK3 term
1318	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1319
1320	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1321	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1322
1323	!
1324	!-- Calculate true tendency
1325	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1326	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1327	!
1328	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1329	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1330	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1331	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1332	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1333	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1334	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1335	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1336	ENDIF
1337	ENDIF
1338	ENDIF
1339
1340	!
1341	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1342	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1343	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1344	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1345	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1346	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1347	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1348	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1349	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1350	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1351	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1352	ENDIF
1353
1354	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1355
1356	!
1357	!-- Calculate fluxes
1358	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1359	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1360	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
1361
1362	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
1363	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1364	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
1365
1366	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1367	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1368
1369	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
1370
1371	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
1372
1373	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1374	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1375	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1376
1377	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
1378
1379	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1380	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1381	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1382
1383	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1384	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1385	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1386
1387	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1388	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1389	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1390	ENDIF
1391
1392	!
1393	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1394	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1395	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1396	ELSE
1397	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1398	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1399	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1400	ENDIF
1401
1402	!
1403	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1404	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1405	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1406	!
1407	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1408	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1409	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1410	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1411
1412	!
1413	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1414	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1415	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1416	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1417	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1418	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1419	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1420	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1421	ELSE
1422	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1423	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1424	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1425	ENDIF
1426
1427	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1428	!-- coverage.
1429	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
1430	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1431	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1432	ENDIF
1433
1434	!
1435	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1436	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1437
1438	!
1439	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1440	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1441	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1442	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1443	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1444	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1445	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1446
1447	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1448	ENDIF
1449
1450	!
1451	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1452	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1453	!-- plant
1454	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1455	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1456	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1457	ENDIF
1458	ENDIF
1459
1460	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1461	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1462	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1463
1464	!
1465	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1466	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1467	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1468
1469	!
1470	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1471	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1472	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1473
1474
1475	!
1476	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1477	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1478	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1479	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1480	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1481	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1482	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1483	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1484	ENDIF
1485	ENDIF
1486
1487	ENDIF
1488
1489	ENDDO
1490	ENDDO
1491
1492	!
1493	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1494	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1495	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1496	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1497	#if defined( __parallel )
1498	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1499	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1500	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1501	#else
1502	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1503	#endif
1504	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1505	ENDIF
1506
1507	!
1508	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1509	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1510	CALL calc_q_surface
1511	ENDIF
1512
1513	!
1514	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1515	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1516
1517
1518	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1519
1520
1521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1522	! Description:
1523	! ------------
1524	!> Header output for land surface model
1525	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1526	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1527
1528
1529	IMPLICIT NONE
1530
1531	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1532	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1533	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1534	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1535	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1536	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1537
1538	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1539
1540	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1541
1542	t_soil_chr = ''
1543	m_soil_chr = ''
1544	soil_depth_chr = ''
1545	roots_chr = ''
1546	vertical_index_chr = ''
1547
1548	i = 1
1549	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1550	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1551	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1552
1553	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1554	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1555
1556	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1557	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1558
1559	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1560	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1561
1562	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1563	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1564	TRIM( coor_chr )
1565	ENDDO
1566
1567	!
1568	!-- Write land surface model header
1569	WRITE( io, 1 )
1570	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1571	WRITE( io, 2 )
1572	ELSE
1573	WRITE( io, 3 )
1574	ENDIF
1575
1576	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1577	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1578	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1579	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1580	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1581
1582	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1583	' ------------------------------'/)
1584	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1585	', default)')
1586	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1587	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1588	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1589	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1590	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1591	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1592	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1593	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1594	' Grid point: ',A)
1595
1596	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1597
1598
1599	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1600	! Description:
1601	! ------------
1602	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1604	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1605
1606
1607	IMPLICIT NONE
1608
1609	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1610	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1611	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1612
1613	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1614
1615
1616	!
1617	!-- Calculate Exner function
1618	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1619
1620
1621	!
1622	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1623	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1624	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1625	ENDIF
1626
1627	!
1628	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1629	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1630	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1631	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1632	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1633
1634	!
1635	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1636	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
1637	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1638	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1639	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
1640	c_liq = 0.0_wp
1641
1642	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1643	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
1644
1645	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1646	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
1647	ELSE
1648	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1649	ENDIF
1650
1651	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1652	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1653	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1654
1655	r_a = 50.0_wp
1656	r_s = 50.0_wp
1657	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1658	r_soil = 0.0_wp
1659
1660	!
1661	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1662	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1663	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1664	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1665
1666	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1667	!
1668	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1669	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1670	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1671	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1672
1673	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1674	ENDIF
1675
1676	!
1677	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1678	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1679	!-- at the centers
1680	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1681
1682	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1683	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1684	ENDDO
1685	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1686
1687	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1688	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1689	ENDDO
1690	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1691
1692	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1693	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1694
1695	!
1696	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1697	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1698	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1699	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1700
1701	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1702	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1703	ENDIF
1704
1705	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1706	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1707	ENDIF
1708
1709	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1710	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1711	ENDIF
1712
1713	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1714	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1715	ENDIF
1716
1717	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1718	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1719	ENDIF
1720
1721	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1722	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1723	ENDIF
1724
1725	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1726	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1727	ENDIF
1728
1729	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1730	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1731	ENDIF
1732
1733	ENDIF
1734
1735	!
1736	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1737	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1738	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1739	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1740	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1741	m_sat = saturation_moisture
1742	m_fc = field_capacity
1743	m_wilt = wilting_point
1744	m_res = residual_moisture
1745	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1746
1747	!
1748	!-- Initial run actions
1749	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1750
1751	t_soil = 0.0_wp
1752	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1753	m_soil = 0.0_wp
1754
1755	!
1756	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1757	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1758	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1759	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1760	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1761	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
1762	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1763	ENDDO
1764	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1765
1766	!
1767	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1768	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
1769
1770	!
1771	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1772	!-- for the first time step
1773	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1774	DO j = nysg, nyng
1775	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1776
1777	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1778	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1779	ELSE
1780	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1781	ENDIF
1782
1783	!
1784	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
1785	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
1786
1787	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
1788	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
1789	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
1790	ENDDO
1791	ENDDO
1792
1793	!
1794	!-- Actions for restart runs
1795	ELSE
1796
1797	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1798	DO j = nysg, nyng
1799	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1800	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
1801	ENDDO
1802	ENDDO
1803
1804	ENDIF
1805
1806	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1807	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
1808	ENDDO
1809
1810	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
1811	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1812	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
1813	ENDIF
1814	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1815	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
1816	ENDIF
1817	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1818	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
1819	ENDIF
1820	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1821	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
1822	ENDIF
1823	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1824	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
1825	ENDIF
1826	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1827	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
1828	ENDIF
1829	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1830	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
1831	ENDIF
1832	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1833	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1834	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1835	ENDIF
1836	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1837	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
1838	ENDIF
1839	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1840	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
1841	ENDIF
1842	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
1843
1844	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1845	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1846	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1847	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1848	ENDDO
1849	ENDIF
1850
1851	ELSE
1852
1853	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1854	z0_eb = roughness_length
1855	ENDIF
1856	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1857	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1858	ENDIF
1859	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1860	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1861	ENDIF
1862
1863	ENDIF
1864
1865	!
1866	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
1867	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
1868	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
1869	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1870	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
1871	ELSE
1872	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
1873	ENDIF
1874	ENDIF
1875
1876	!
1877	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
1878	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
1879	veg_type_2d = veg_type
1880	soil_type_2d = soil_type
1881
1882	!
1883	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
1884	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
1885	lai = leaf_area_index
1886	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
1887	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
1888	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
1889	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
1890	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
1891	z0 = z0_eb
1892	z0h = z0h_eb
1893	z0q = z0q_eb
1894
1895	!
1896	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
1897	CALL user_init_land_surface
1898
1899	!
1900	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
1901	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
1902	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1903	DO j = nysg, nyng
1904	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
1905	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1906	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
1907	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
1908	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1909	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1910	ENDIF
1911
1912	ENDDO
1913	ENDDO
1914
1915	!
1916	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1917	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1918
1919	t_soil_p = t_soil
1920	m_soil_p = m_soil
1921	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
1922	t_surface_p = t_surface
1923
1924
1925
1926	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
1927	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
1928	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1929	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1930	statistic_regions+1 )
1931	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1932	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1933	statistic_regions+1 )
1934
1935	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1936
1937
1938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1939	! Description:
1940	! ------------
1941	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
1942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1943	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
1944
1945
1946	IMPLICIT NONE
1947
1948	!
1949	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
1950	#if defined( __nopointer )
1951	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1952	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1953	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1954	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1955	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1956	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1957	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1958	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1959	#else
1960	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1961	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1962	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1963	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1964	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1965	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1966	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1967	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1968	#endif
1969
1970	!
1971	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
1972	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1973	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1974	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1975	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1976
1977	!
1978	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
1979	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1980	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1981	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1982	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1983	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1984	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1985	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1986	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1987	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1988	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1989	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1990	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1991	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1992	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1993	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1994	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1995	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1996	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1997	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1998	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1999	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2000	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2001	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2002	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2003	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2004	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2005	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2006	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2007	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2008	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2009	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2010	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2011	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2012
2013	water_surface = .FALSE.
2014	pave_surface = .FALSE.
2015
2016	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2017	!
2018	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2019	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2020	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2021	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2022	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2023	#endif
2024
2025
2026	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2027
2028
2029	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2030	! Description:
2031	! ------------
2032	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2033	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2034	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2035
2036
2037	IMPLICIT NONE
2038
2039	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2040
2041	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2042	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2043	conserve_water_content, &
2044	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2045	hydraulic_conductivity, &
2046	lambda_surface_stable, &
2047	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2048	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2049	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2050	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2051	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2052	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2053	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2054	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2055	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2056	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2057
2058	line = ' '
2059
2060	!
2061	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2062	REWIND ( 11 )
2063	line = ' '
2064	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2065	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2066	ENDDO
2067	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2068
2069	!
2070	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2071	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2072
2073	!
2074	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2075	land_surface = .TRUE.
2076
2077	10 CONTINUE
2078
2079
2080	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2081
2082
2083	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2084	! Description:
2085	! ------------
2086	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2087	!> temperature and water content.
2088	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2089	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2090
2091
2092	IMPLICIT NONE
2093
2094	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2095	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2096	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2097
2098	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2099
2100	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2101	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2102	tend !< tendency
2103
2104	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2105	DO j = nysg, nyng
2106
2107	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2108	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2109	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2110	ENDIF
2111
2112	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2113	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2114
2115
2116	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2117
2118	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2119	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2120
2121	ELSE
2122	!
2123	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2124	!-- into account water content
2125	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
2126	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
2127
2128	!
2129	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2130	!-- layers
2131	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
2132	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
2133
2134	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
2135	/ m_sat(j,i)))
2136
2137	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2138	lambda_h_dry
2139	ENDIF
2140
2141	ENDDO
2142
2143	!
2144	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2145	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2146	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2147	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2148	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2149	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2150	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
2151	* lambda_temp(k) &
2152	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2153	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2154	ELSE
2155	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2156	* 0.5_wp
2157	ENDIF
2158	ENDDO
2159	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164	!
2165	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2166	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2167
2168	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
2169	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
2170	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2171	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2172
2173	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2174	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
2175	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
2176	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
2177	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2178	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
2179	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
2180	* ddz_soil(k) &
2181	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2182
2183	ENDDO
2184
2185	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2186	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2187	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2188	+ tsc(3) &
2189	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2190
2191	!
2192	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2193	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2194	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2195	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2196	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2197	ENDDO
2198	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2199	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2200	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2201	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2202	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
2203	ENDDO
2204	ENDIF
2205	ENDIF
2206
2207
2208	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2209
2210	!
2211	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2212	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
2213	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
2214	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
2215	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2216
2217	!
2218	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2219	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2220	!
2221	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2222	!-- (1980)
2223	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
2224	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
2225	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
2226	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
2227
2228
2229	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
2230	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
2231	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
2232	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
2233	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2234	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
2235	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2236	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2237
2238	!
2239	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2240	ELSE
2241	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
2242	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2243	ENDIF
2244
2245	ENDDO
2246
2247	!
2248	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2249	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2250	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2251	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2252	!
2253	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2254	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2255	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2256	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2257
2258	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2259	* 0.5_wp
2260	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
2261	* 0.5_wp
2262
2263	ENDDO
2264
2265	!
2266	!
2267	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2268	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2269	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2270	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2271	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2272	ELSE
2273	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2274	ENDIF
2275
2276	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2277	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2278	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2279	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2280	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2281	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2282	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2283	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2284
2285	!
2286	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2287	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2288	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2289	!-- additional check.
2290	m_total = 0.0_wp
2291	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2292	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2293	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
2294	ENDIF
2295	ENDDO
2296
2297	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2298	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2299	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2300	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
2301	/ m_total
2302	ELSE
2303	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2304	ENDIF
2305	ENDDO
2306	ENDIF
2307
2308	!
2309	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
2310	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2311
2312	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
2313	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
2314	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
2315	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
2316	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2317	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2318
2319	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2320	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
2321	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2322	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
2323	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
2324	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2325	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
2326	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
2327	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2328
2329	ENDDO
2330	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2331	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
2332	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2333	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
2334	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2335	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
2336	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2337	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
2338	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2339
2340	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2341	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2342	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2343
2344	!
2345	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2346	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2347	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2348	ENDDO
2349
2350	!
2351	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2352	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2353	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2354	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2355	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2356	ENDDO
2357	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2358	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2359	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2360	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
2361	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
2362	ENDDO
2363	ENDIF
2364	ENDIF
2365
2366	ENDIF
2367
2368	ENDIF
2369
2370	ENDDO
2371	ENDDO
2372
2373	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2374
2375
2376	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2377	! Description:
2378	! ------------
2379	!> Swapping of timelevels
2380	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2381	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2382
2383	IMPLICIT NONE
2384
2385	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2386
2387	#if defined( __nopointer )
2388
2389	t_surface = t_surface_p
2390	t_soil = t_soil_p
2391	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2392	m_soil = m_soil_p
2393	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
2394	ENDIF
2395
2396	#else
2397
2398	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2399
2400	CASE ( 0 )
2401
2402	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2403	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2404	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2405	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2406	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2407	ENDIF
2408
2409
2410	CASE ( 1 )
2411
2412	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
2413	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
2414	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2415	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
2416	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
2417	ENDIF
2418
2419	END SELECT
2420	#endif
2421
2422	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2428	!
2429	! Description:
2430	! ------------
2431	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
2432	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2433	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2434
2435
2436	USE control_parameters
2437
2438	USE indices
2439
2440	USE kinds
2441
2442	IMPLICIT NONE
2443
2444	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2445	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2446
2447	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2448	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2449	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2450
2451	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2452
2453	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2454
2455	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2456	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2457	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2458	ENDIF
2459	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2460
2461	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2462	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2463	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2464	ENDIF
2465	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2466
2467	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2468	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2469	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2470	ENDIF
2471	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2472
2473	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2474	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2475	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2476	ENDIF
2477	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2478
2479	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2480	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2481	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2482	ENDIF
2483	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2484
2485	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2486	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2487	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2488	ENDIF
2489	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2490
2491	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2492	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2493	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2494	ENDIF
2495	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2496
2497	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2498	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
2499	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2500	ENDIF
2501	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2502
2503	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2504	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2505	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2506	ENDIF
2507	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2508
2509	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2510	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
2511	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2512	ENDIF
2513	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2514
2515	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2516	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
2517	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2518	ENDIF
2519	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2520
2521	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2522	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
2523	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2524	ENDIF
2525	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
2526
2527	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2528	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
2529	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2530	ENDIF
2531	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
2532
2533	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2534	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2535	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2536	ENDIF
2537	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2538
2539	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2540	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
2541	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2542	ENDIF
2543	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2544
2545	CASE DEFAULT
2546	CONTINUE
2547
2548	END SELECT
2549
2550	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
2551
2552	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2553
2554	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2555	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2556	DO j = nysg, nyng
2557	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + c_liq(j,i)
2558	ENDDO
2559	ENDDO
2560
2561	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2562	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2563	DO j = nysg, nyng
2564	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - c_veg(j,i))
2565	ENDDO
2566	ENDDO
2567
2568	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2569	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2570	DO j = nysg, nyng
2571	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + c_veg(j,i)
2572	ENDDO
2573	ENDDO
2574
2575	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2576	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2577	DO j = nysg, nyng
2578	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + ghf_eb(j,i)
2579	ENDDO
2580	ENDDO
2581
2582	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2583	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2584	DO j = nysg, nyng
2585	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + lai(j,i)
2586	ENDDO
2587	ENDDO
2588
2589	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2590	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2591	DO j = nysg, nyng
2592	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb(j,i)
2593	ENDDO
2594	ENDDO
2595
2596	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2597	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2598	DO j = nysg, nyng
2599	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2600	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil(k,j,i)
2601	ENDDO
2602	ENDDO
2603	ENDDO
2604
2605	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2606	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2607	DO j = nysg, nyng
2608	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_eb(j,i)
2609	ENDDO
2610	ENDDO
2611
2612	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2613	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2614	DO j = nysg, nyng
2615	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2616	ENDDO
2617	ENDDO
2618
2619	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2620	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2621	DO j = nysg, nyng
2622	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
2623	ENDDO
2624	ENDDO
2625
2626	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2627	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2628	DO j = nysg, nyng
2629	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
2630	ENDDO
2631	ENDDO
2632
2633	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2634	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2635	DO j = nysg, nyng
2636	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + r_a(j,i)
2637	ENDDO
2638	ENDDO
2639
2640	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2641	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2642	DO j = nysg, nyng
2643	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + r_s(j,i)
2644	ENDDO
2645	ENDDO
2646
2647	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2648	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2649	DO j = nysg, nyng
2650	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + shf_eb(j,i)
2651	ENDDO
2652	ENDDO
2653
2654	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2655	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2656	DO j = nysg, nyng
2657	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2658	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil(k,j,i)
2659	ENDDO
2660	ENDDO
2661	ENDDO
2662
2663	CASE DEFAULT
2664	CONTINUE
2665
2666	END SELECT
2667
2668	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
2669
2670	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2671
2672	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2673	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2674	DO j = nysg, nyng
2675	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2676	ENDDO
2677	ENDDO
2678
2679	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2680	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2681	DO j = nysg, nyng
2682	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2683	ENDDO
2684	ENDDO
2685
2686	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2688	DO j = nysg, nyng
2689	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2690	ENDDO
2691	ENDDO
2692
2693	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2694	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2695	DO j = nysg, nyng
2696	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2697	ENDDO
2698	ENDDO
2699
2700	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2701	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2702	DO j = nysg, nyng
2703	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2704	ENDDO
2705	ENDDO
2706
2707	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2708	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2709	DO j = nysg, nyng
2710	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2711	ENDDO
2712	ENDDO
2713
2714	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2715	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2716	DO j = nysg, nyng
2717	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2718	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2719	ENDDO
2720	ENDDO
2721	ENDDO
2722
2723	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2724	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2725	DO j = nysg, nyng
2726	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2727	ENDDO
2728	ENDDO
2729
2730	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2731	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2732	DO j = nysg, nyng
2733	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2734	ENDDO
2735	ENDDO
2736
2737	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2738	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2739	DO j = nysg, nyng
2740	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2741	ENDDO
2742	ENDDO
2743
2744	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2745	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2746	DO j = nysg, nyng
2747	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2748	ENDDO
2749	ENDDO
2750
2751	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2752	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2753	DO j = nysg, nyng
2754	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2755	ENDDO
2756	ENDDO
2757
2758	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2759	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2760	DO j = nysg, nyng
2761	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2762	ENDDO
2763	ENDDO
2764
2765	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2766	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2767	DO j = nysg, nyng
2768	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2769	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2770	ENDDO
2771	ENDDO
2772	ENDDO
2773
2774	END SELECT
2775
2776	ENDIF
2777
2778	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
2779
2780
2781	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2782	!
2783	! Description:
2784	! ------------
2785	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
2786	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
2787	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2788	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
2789
2790	IMPLICIT NONE
2791
2792	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
2793	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2794	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
2795	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
2796	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
2797
2798	found = .TRUE.
2799
2800	!
2801	!-- Check for the grid
2802	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
2803
2804	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
2805	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
2806	grid_x = 'x'
2807	grid_y = 'y'
2808	grid_z = 'zs'
2809
2810	CASE DEFAULT
2811	found = .FALSE.
2812	grid_x = 'none'
2813	grid_y = 'none'
2814	grid_z = 'none'
2815	END SELECT
2816
2817	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
2818
2819	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2820	!
2821	! Description:
2822	! ------------
2823	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
2824	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2825	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
2826	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
2827
2828	USE indices
2829
2830	USE kinds
2831
2832
2833	IMPLICIT NONE
2834
2835	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
2836	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2837	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2838
2839	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
2840	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2841	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2842	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2843	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
2844	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
2845
2846	LOGICAL :: found !<
2847	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
2848
2849	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
2850
2851	found = .TRUE.
2852
2853	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2854
2855
2856	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2857	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2858	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2859	DO j = nysg, nyng
2860	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq(j,i) * c_veg(j,i)
2861	ENDDO
2862	ENDDO
2863	ELSE
2864	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2865	DO j = nysg, nyng
2866	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
2867	ENDDO
2868	ENDDO
2869	ENDIF
2870
2871	two_d = .TRUE.
2872	grid = 'zu1'
2873
2874	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2875	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2876	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2877	DO j = nysg, nyng
2878	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)
2879	ENDDO
2880	ENDDO
2881	ELSE
2882	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2883	DO j = nysg, nyng
2884	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
2885	ENDDO
2886	ENDDO
2887	ENDIF
2888
2889	two_d = .TRUE.
2890	grid = 'zu1'
2891
2892	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2893	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2894	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2895	DO j = nysg, nyng
2896	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg(j,i)
2897	ENDDO
2898	ENDDO
2899	ELSE
2900	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2901	DO j = nysg, nyng
2902	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
2903	ENDDO
2904	ENDDO
2905	ENDIF
2906
2907	two_d = .TRUE.
2908	grid = 'zu1'
2909
2910	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2911	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2912	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2913	DO j = nysg, nyng
2914	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb(j,i)
2915	ENDDO
2916	ENDDO
2917	ELSE
2918	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2919	DO j = nysg, nyng
2920	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
2921	ENDDO
2922	ENDDO
2923	ENDIF
2924
2925	two_d = .TRUE.
2926	grid = 'zu1'
2927
2928	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2929	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2930	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2931	DO j = nysg, nyng
2932	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai(j,i)
2933	ENDDO
2934	ENDDO
2935	ELSE
2936	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2937	DO j = nysg, nyng
2938	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
2939	ENDDO
2940	ENDDO
2941	ENDIF
2942
2943	two_d = .TRUE.
2944	grid = 'zu1'
2945
2946	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2947	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2948	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2949	DO j = nysg, nyng
2950	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb(j,i)
2951	ENDDO
2952	ENDDO
2953	ELSE
2954	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2955	DO j = nysg, nyng
2956	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2957	ENDDO
2958	ENDDO
2959	ENDIF
2960
2961	two_d = .TRUE.
2962	grid = 'zu1'
2963
2964	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
2965	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2966	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2967	DO j = nysg, nyng
2968	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2969	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
2970	ENDDO
2971	ENDDO
2972	ENDDO
2973	ELSE
2974	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2975	DO j = nysg, nyng
2976	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2977	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
2978	ENDDO
2979	ENDDO
2980	ENDDO
2981	ENDIF
2982
2983	nzb_do = nzb_soil
2984	nzt_do = nzt_soil
2985
2986	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
2987
2988	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2989	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2990	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2991	DO j = nysg, nyng
2992	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb(j,i)
2993	ENDDO
2994	ENDDO
2995	ELSE
2996	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2997	DO j = nysg, nyng
2998	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
2999	ENDDO
3000	ENDDO
3001	ENDIF
3002
3003	two_d = .TRUE.
3004	grid = 'zu1'
3005
3006	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3007	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3008	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3009	DO j = nysg, nyng
3010	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
3011	ENDDO
3012	ENDDO
3013	ELSE
3014	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3015	DO j = nysg, nyng
3016	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3017	ENDDO
3018	ENDDO
3019	ENDIF
3020
3021	two_d = .TRUE.
3022	grid = 'zu1'
3023
3024	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3025	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3026	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3027	DO j = nysg, nyng
3028	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
3029	ENDDO
3030	ENDDO
3031	ELSE
3032	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3033	DO j = nysg, nyng
3034	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3035	ENDDO
3036	ENDDO
3037	ENDIF
3038
3039	two_d = .TRUE.
3040	grid = 'zu1'
3041
3042	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3043	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3044	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3045	DO j = nysg, nyng
3046	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
3047	ENDDO
3048	ENDDO
3049	ELSE
3050	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3051	DO j = nysg, nyng
3052	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3053	ENDDO
3054	ENDDO
3055	ENDIF
3056
3057	two_d = .TRUE.
3058	grid = 'zu1'
3059
3060
3061	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3062	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3063	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3064	DO j = nysg, nyng
3065	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a(j,i)
3066	ENDDO
3067	ENDDO
3068	ELSE
3069	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3070	DO j = nysg, nyng
3071	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3072	ENDDO
3073	ENDDO
3074	ENDIF
3075
3076	two_d = .TRUE.
3077	grid = 'zu1'
3078
3079	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3080	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3081	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3082	DO j = nysg, nyng
3083	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s(j,i)
3084	ENDDO
3085	ENDDO
3086	ELSE
3087	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3088	DO j = nysg, nyng
3089	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3090	ENDDO
3091	ENDDO
3092	ENDIF
3093
3094	two_d = .TRUE.
3095	grid = 'zu1'
3096
3097	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3098	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3099	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3100	DO j = nysg, nyng
3101	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb(j,i)
3102	ENDDO
3103	ENDDO
3104	ELSE
3105	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3106	DO j = nysg, nyng
3107	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3108	ENDDO
3109	ENDDO
3110	ENDIF
3111
3112	two_d = .TRUE.
3113	grid = 'zu1'
3114
3115	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3116	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3117	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3118	DO j = nysg, nyng
3119	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3120	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3121	ENDDO
3122	ENDDO
3123	ENDDO
3124	ELSE
3125	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3126	DO j = nysg, nyng
3127	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3128	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3129	ENDDO
3130	ENDDO
3131	ENDDO
3132	ENDIF
3133
3134	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3135	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3136
3137	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3138
3139	CASE DEFAULT
3140	found = .FALSE.
3141	grid = 'none'
3142
3143	END SELECT
3144
3145	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3146
3147
3148	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3149	!
3150	! Description:
3151	! ------------
3152	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3154	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3155
3156
3157	USE indices
3158
3159	USE kinds
3160
3161
3162	IMPLICIT NONE
3163
3164	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3165
3166	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3167	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3168	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3169	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3170
3171	LOGICAL :: found !<
3172
3173	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3174
3175
3176	found = .TRUE.
3177
3178
3179	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3180
3181
3182	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3183
3184	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3185	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3186	DO j = nysg, nyng
3187	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3188	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
3189	ENDDO
3190	ENDDO
3191	ENDDO
3192	ELSE
3193	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3194	DO j = nysg, nyng
3195	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3196	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3197	ENDDO
3198	ENDDO
3199	ENDDO
3200	ENDIF
3201
3202	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3203
3204	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3205	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3206	DO j = nysg, nyng
3207	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3208	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3209	ENDDO
3210	ENDDO
3211	ENDDO
3212	ELSE
3213	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3214	DO j = nysg, nyng
3215	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3216	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3217	ENDDO
3218	ENDDO
3219	ENDDO
3220	ENDIF
3221
3222
3223	CASE DEFAULT
3224	found = .FALSE.
3225
3226	END SELECT
3227
3228
3229	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3230
3231
3232	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3233	!
3234	! Description:
3235	! ------------
3236	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3237	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3238	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3239
3240
3241	USE control_parameters
3242
3243	USE kinds
3244
3245	IMPLICIT NONE
3246
3247	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3248	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3249	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3250	ENDIF
3251	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3252	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3253	ENDIF
3254	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3255	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3256	ENDIF
3257	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3258	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3259	ENDIF
3260	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3261	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3262	ENDIF
3263	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb
3264	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3265	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3266	ENDIF
3267	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil
3268	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3269	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3270	ENDIF
3271	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3272	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3273	ENDIF
3274	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3275	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3276	ENDIF
3277	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3278	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3279	ENDIF
3280	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3281	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3282	ENDIF
3283	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3284	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3285	ENDIF
3286	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil
3287	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3288	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3289	ENDIF
3290
3291	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3292
3293	ENDIF
3294
3295	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3296
3297
3298	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3299	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3300	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3301	tmp_2d )
3302
3303
3304	USE control_parameters
3305
3306	USE indices
3307
3308	USE kinds
3309
3310	USE pegrid
3311
3312	IMPLICIT NONE
3313
3314	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3315
3316	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3317	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3318	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3319	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3320	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3321	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3322	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3323	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3324	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3325	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3326	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3327	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3328	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3329	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3330	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3331
3332	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3333	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3334	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3335	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3336	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3337	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3338
3339	REAL(wp), &
3340	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3341	tmp_2d !<
3342
3343	REAL(wp), &
3344	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3345	tmp_3d !<
3346
3347	REAL(wp), &
3348	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3349	tmp_3d2 !<
3350
3351
3352	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3353	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3354
3355	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3356
3357	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3358
3359	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3360	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3361	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3362	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3363	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3364	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3365	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3366	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3367
3368
3369	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3370
3371	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3372	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3373	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3374	ENDIF
3375	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3376	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3377	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3378
3379	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3380	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3381	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3382	ENDIF
3383	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3384	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3385	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3386
3387	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3388	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3389	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3390	ENDIF
3391	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3392	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3393	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3394
3395	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3396	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3397	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3398	ENDIF
3399	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3400	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3401	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3402
3403	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3404	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3405	m_liq_eb(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3406	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3407
3408	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3409	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3410	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3411	ENDIF
3412	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3413	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3414	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3415
3416	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3417	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3418	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3419	ENDIF
3420	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3421	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3422	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3423
3424	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3425	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3426	m_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3427	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf-nbgp:nynf &
3428	+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3429
3430	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3431	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3432	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3433	ENDIF
3434	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3435	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3436	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3437	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3438
3439	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3440	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3441	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3442	ENDIF
3443	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3444	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3445	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3446
3447	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3448	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3449	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3450	ENDIF
3451	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3452	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3453	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3454	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3455	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3456	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3457	ENDIF
3458	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3459	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3460	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3461
3462	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3463	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3464	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3465	ENDIF
3466	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3467	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3468	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3469
3470	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3471	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3472	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3473	ENDIF
3474	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3475	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3476	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3477
3478	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3479	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
3480	t_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3481	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3482	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3483
3484	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
3485	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3486	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3487	ENDIF
3488	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3489	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3490	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3491	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3492
3493
3494	CASE DEFAULT
3495	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
3496	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
3497	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
3498	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
3499	0 )
3500
3501	END SELECT
3502
3503	ENDDO
3504
3505	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3506
3507	ENDDO
3508	ENDIF
3509
3510	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
3511
3512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3513	! Description:
3514	! ------------
3515	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
3516	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
3517	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
3518	!> 2012)
3519	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3520	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3521
3522	USE control_parameters, &
3523	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
3524
3525	IMPLICIT NONE
3526
3527	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3528	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3529
3530	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
3531	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
3532	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
3533	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
3534
3535
3536	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3537	DO j = nysg, nyng
3538	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
3539
3540	!
3541	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
3542	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
3543	!-- length
3544	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
3545	!
3546	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
3547	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
3548	!
3549	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
3550	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
3551
3552	!
3553	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
3554	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
3555	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
3556	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
3557	! ENDIF
3558
3559	!
3560	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
3561	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
3562	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
3563	!-- Charnock relation is used.
3564	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
3565	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
3566
3567	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3568	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3569
3570	ENDIF
3571	ENDDO
3572	ENDDO
3573
3574	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3575
3576
3577	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3578	! Description:
3579	! ------------
3580	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
3581	!> that the skin is always saturated.
3582	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3583	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3584
3585	IMPLICIT NONE
3586
3587	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3588	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3589	INTEGER :: k !< running index
3590
3591	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
3592
3593	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3594	DO j = nysg, nyng
3595	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
3596
3597	!
3598	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
3599	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
3600	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
3601
3602	!
3603	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
3604	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
3605
3606	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
3607
3608	!
3609	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
3610	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
3611	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3612	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
3613	ELSE
3614	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3615	* q(k+1,j,i)
3616	ENDIF
3617
3618	!
3619	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
3620	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
3621
3622	ENDDO
3623	ENDDO
3624
3625	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3626
3627
3628	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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