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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 2248

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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	! Error no changed
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2248 2017-06-06 13:52:54Z sward $
28	!
29	! 2246 2017-06-06 13:09:34Z sward
30	! Error no changed
31	!
32	! Changed soil configuration to 8 layers. The number of soil layers is now
33	! freely adjustable via the NAMELIST.
34	!
35	! 2237 2017-05-31 10:34:53Z suehring
36	! Bugfix in write restart data
37	!
38	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
39	!
40	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
41	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept
42	! - now, also vertical walls are possible
43	! - for vertical walls, parametrization of r_a (aerodynamic resisistance) is
44	! implemented.
45	!
46	! Add check for soil moisture, it must not exceed its saturation value.
47	!
48	! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf
49	! Land surface parameters II corrected for veg_type 18 and 19
50	!
51	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
52	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
53	!
54	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
55	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
56	!
57	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
58	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
59	!
60	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
61	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
62	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
63	!
64	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
65	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
66	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
67	!
68	!
69	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
70	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
71	!
72	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
73	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
74	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
75	!
76	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
77	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
78	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
79	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
80	!
81	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
82	! prr moved to arrays_3d
83	!
84	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
85	! Cleanup after modularization
86	!
87	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
88	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
89	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
90	!
91	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
92	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
93	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
94	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
95	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
96	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
97	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
98	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
99	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
100	! Syntax layout improved.
101	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
102	!
103	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
104	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
105	!
106	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
107	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
108	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
109	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
110	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
111	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
112	!
113	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
114	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
115	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
116	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
117	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
118	! Added todo action
119	!
120	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
121	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
122	!
123	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
124	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
125	! Replaced rif with ol
126	!
127	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
128	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
129	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
130	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
131	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
132	!
133	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
134	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
135	!
136	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
137	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
138	!
139	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
140	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
141	!
142	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
143	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
144	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
145	!
146	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
147	! Added output of r_a and r_s
148	!
149	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
150	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
151	! profile
152	!
153	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
154	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
155	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
156	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
157	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
158	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
159	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
160	! calculation
161	!
162	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
163	!
164	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
165	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
166	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
167	! Added support for dry runs.
168	!
169	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
170	! Initial revision
171	!
172	!
173	! Description:
174	! ------------
175	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
176	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
177	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
178	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
179	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
180	!>
181	!> @todo Restart data for vertical natural land-surfaces
182	!> @todo Extensive verification energy-balance solver for vertical surfaces,
183	!> e.g. parametrization of r_a
184	!> @todo Revise single land-surface processes for vertical surfaces, e.g.
185	!> treatment of humidity, etc.
186	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
187	!> skin layer.
188	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
189	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
190	!> nzt_soil=3)).
191	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
192	!> with considerable precipitation.
193	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
194	!>
195	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
196	!> become too thin.
197	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
198	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
199
200	USE arrays_3d, &
201	ONLY: hyp, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, vpt, u, v, w
202
203	USE cloud_parameters, &
204	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
205
206	USE control_parameters, &
207	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
208	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
209	land_surface, max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
210	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
211	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
212
213	USE indices, &
214	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb
215
216	USE kinds
217
218	USE pegrid
219
220	USE radiation_model_mod, &
221	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
222	rad_lw_out_change_0, radiation_scheme, unscheduled_radiation_calls
223
224	USE statistics, &
225	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
226
227	USE surface_mod, &
228	ONLY : surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type
229
230	IMPLICIT NONE
231
232	TYPE surf_type_lsm
233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_1D !< 1D prognostic variable
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_2D !< 2D prognostic variable
235	END TYPE surf_type_lsm
236
237	!
238	!-- LSM model constants
239
240	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
241	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
242	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
243	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
244	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
245	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
246	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
247	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
248	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
249
250
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: zs_default = & ! default soil layer configuration
252	(/ 0.005_wp, 0.02_wp, 0.04_wp, &
253	0.07_wp, 0.15_wp, 0.28_wp, &
254	1.00_wp, 2.89_wp /)
255
256
257	!
258	!-- LSM variables
259	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (Earth's surface)
260	nzt_soil = 0, & !< top of the soil model
261	nzs = 0, & !< number of soil layers
262	veg_type = 2, & !< default NAMELIST veg_type_2d
263	soil_type = 3 !< default NAMELIST soil_type_2d
264
265
266	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
267	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag to force calling of radiation routine
268	aero_resist_kray = .TRUE. !< flag to control parametrization of aerodynamic resistance at vertical surface elements
269
270	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
271	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
272	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
273	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
274	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
275	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
276	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
277	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
278	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
279	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
280	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
281	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
282	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
283	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
284	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
285	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
286	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
287	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
288	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
289	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
290	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
291	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
292	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
293	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
294	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
295	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
296	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
297	rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v
298	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
299	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
300	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
301	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
302	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
303	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
304	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
305	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
306
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
308	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
309	dz_soil, & !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
310	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
311	root_extr !< root extraction
312
313
314
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:20) :: root_fraction = 9999999.9_wp, & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
316	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil moisture content (m3/m3)
317	soil_temperature = 300.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil temperature (K) +1
318	zs = 9999999.9_wp !< soil layer depths
319
320	#if defined( __nopointer )
321	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
322	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
323	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
324	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
325
326	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
327	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
328	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
329	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
330	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
331	#else
332	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
333	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
334	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
335	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
336
337	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h_1, & !<
338	t_soil_h_2, & !<
339	m_soil_h_1, & !<
340	m_soil_h_2 !<
341
342	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
343	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
344	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
345	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
346	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
347
348	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET ::&
349	t_soil_v_1, & !<
350	t_soil_v_2, & !<
351	m_soil_v_1, & !<
352	m_soil_v_2 !<
353	#endif
354
355	#if defined( __nopointer )
356	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
357	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
358	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
359	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
360
361	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
362	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
363	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
364	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
365	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
366	#else
367	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
368	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
369	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
370	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
371
372	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h_1, & !<
373	t_surface_h_2, & !<
374	m_liq_eb_h_1, & !<
375	m_liq_eb_h_2 !<
376
377	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
378	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
379	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
380	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
381	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
382
383	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
384	t_surface_v_1, & !<
385	t_surface_v_2, & !<
386	m_liq_eb_v_1, & !<
387	m_liq_eb_v_2 !<
388	#endif
389
390	#if defined( __nopointer )
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
392	#else
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
394	#endif
395
396	#if defined( __nopointer )
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
398	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
399	#else
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
401	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
402	#endif
403
404	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_h_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), horizontal surface elements
405	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_surface_h_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), horizontal surface elements
406	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_soil_h_m !< t_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
407	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_soil_h_m !< m_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
408
409	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_v_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), vertical surface elements
410	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_surface_v_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), vertical surface elements
411	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_soil_v_m !< t_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
412	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_soil_v_m !< m_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
413
414	!
415	!-- Energy balance variables
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
417	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
418	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
419	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
420	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
421	lai_av, & !< average of lai
422	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
423	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
424	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
425	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
426	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
427	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
428	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
429
430
431	!
432	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
433	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
434	'user defined ', & ! 0
435	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
436	'short grass ', & ! 2
437	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
438	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
439	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
440	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
441	'tall grass ', & ! 7
442	'desert ', & ! 8
443	'tundra ', & ! 9
444	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
445	'semidesert ', & ! 11
446	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
447	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
448	'inland water ', & ! 14
449	'ocean ', & ! 15
450	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
451	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
452	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
453	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
454	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
455	/)
456
457	!
458	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
459	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
460	'user defined', & ! 0
461	'coarse ', & ! 1
462	'medium ', & ! 2
463	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
464	'fine ', & ! 4
465	'very fine ', & ! 5
466	'organic ', & ! 6
467	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
468	/)
469	!
470	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
471
472	!
473	!-- Land surface parameters I
474	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
475	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
476	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
477	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
478	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
479	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
480	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
481	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
482	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
483	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
484	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
485	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
486	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
487	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
488	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
489	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
490	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
491	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
492	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
493	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
494	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
495	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
496	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
497
498	!
499	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
500	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
501	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
502	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
503	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
504	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
505	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
506	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
507	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
508	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
509	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
510	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
511	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
512	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
513	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
514	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
515	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
516	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
517	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
518	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 18
519	1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, & ! 19
520	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
521	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
522
523	!
524	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
525	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
526	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
527	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
528	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
529	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
530	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
531	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
532	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
533	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
534	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
535	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
536	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
537	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
538	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
539	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
540	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
541	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
542	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
543	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
544	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
545	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
546	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
547
548	!
549	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1-8
550	!--
551	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/&
552	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.108_wp, &
553	0.195_wp, 0.214_wp, 0.284_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 1
554	0.050_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.136_wp, &
555	0.181_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 2
556	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.111_wp, &
557	0.185_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.040_wp, & ! 3
558	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.110_wp, &
559	0.180_wp, 0.199_wp, 0.277_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 4
560	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.105_wp, &
561	0.180_wp, 0.201_wp, 0.295_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 5
562	0.035_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.105_wp, &
563	0.161_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.282_wp, 0.093_wp, & ! 6
564	0.040_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.112_wp, &
565	0.176_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.266_wp, 0.060_wp, & ! 7
566	0.142_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, &
567	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 8
568	0.068_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.177_wp, &
569	0.214_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.070_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 9
570	0.035_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.108_wp, &
571	0.195_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.285_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 10
572	0.025_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.078_wp, &
573	0.147_wp, 0.175_wp, 0.353_wp, 0.126_wp, & ! 11
574	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
575	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 12
576	0.036_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.103_wp, &
577	0.163_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.074_wp, & ! 13
578	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
579	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 14
580	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
581	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 15
582	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
583	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 16
584	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
585	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 17
586	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
587	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 18
588	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
589	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 19
590	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
591	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 20
592	/), (/ 8, 20 /) )
593
594
595	!
596	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
597
598	!
599	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
600	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
601	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
602	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
603	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
604	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
605	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
606	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
607	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
608	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
609
610	!
611	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
612	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
613	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
614	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
615	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
616	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
617	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
618	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
619	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
620	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
621
622
623	SAVE
624
625
626	PRIVATE
627
628
629	!
630	!-- Public functions
631	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
632	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
633	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
634	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
635	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
636	!
637	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
638	PUBLIC aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
639
640	!
641	!-- Public grid variables
642	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
643
644	!
645	!-- Public prognostic variables
646	PUBLIC m_soil_h, t_soil_h
647
648
649	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
650	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
651	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
652
653	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
654	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
655	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
656
657	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
658	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
659	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
660
661	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
662	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
663	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
664
665	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
666	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
667	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
668
669	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
670	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
671	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
672
673	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
674	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
675	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
676
677	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
678	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
679	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
680
681	INTERFACE lsm_header
682	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
683	END INTERFACE lsm_header
684
685	INTERFACE lsm_init
686	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
687	END INTERFACE lsm_init
688
689	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
690	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
691	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
692
693	INTERFACE lsm_parin
694	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
695	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
696
697	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
698	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
699	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
700
701	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
702	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
703	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
704
705	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
706	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
707	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
708
709	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
710	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
711	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
712
713	CONTAINS
714
715	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
716	! Description:
717	! ------------
718	!> Check data output for land surface model
719	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
720	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
721
722
723	USE control_parameters, &
724	ONLY: data_output, message_string
725
726	IMPLICIT NONE
727
728	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
729	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
730
731	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
732	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
733	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
734
735	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
736
737	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
738	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
739	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
740	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
741	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
742	ENDIF
743	unit = 'm3/m3'
744
745	CASE ( 't_soil' )
746	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
747	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
748	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
749	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
750	ENDIF
751	unit = 'K'
752
753	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
754	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
755	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
756	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
757	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
758	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
759	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
760	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
761	ENDIF
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
763	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
764	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
765	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
766	ENDIF
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
768	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
769	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
770	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
771	ENDIF
772	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
773	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
774	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
775	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
776	ENDIF
777	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
778	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
779	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
780	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
781	ENDIF
782	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
783	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
784	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
785	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
786	ENDIF
787	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
788	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
789	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
790	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
791	ENDIF
792	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
793	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
794	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
795	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
796	ENDIF
797	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
798	THEN
799	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
800	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
801	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
802	ENDIF
803	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
804	THEN
805	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
806	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
807	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
808	ENDIF
809	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
810	THEN
811	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
812	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
813	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
814	ENDIF
815	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
816	THEN
817	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
818	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
819	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
820	ENDIF
821	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
822	THEN
823	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
824	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
825	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
826	ENDIF
827
828	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
829	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
830	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
831	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
832	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
833	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
834	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
835	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
836	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
837	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
838	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
839	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
840	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
841
842	CASE DEFAULT
843	unit = 'illegal'
844
845	END SELECT
846
847
848	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
849
850
851	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
852	! Description:
853	! ------------
854	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
855	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
856	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
857
858	USE control_parameters, &
859	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
860
861	USE indices
862
863	USE profil_parameter
864
865	USE statistics
866
867	IMPLICIT NONE
868
869	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
870	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
871	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
872
873	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
874	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
875
876	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
877
878	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
879	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
880	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
881	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
882	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
883	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
884	ELSE
885	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
886	dopr_unit = 'K'
887	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
888	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
889	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
890	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
891	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
892	ENDIF
893	unit = dopr_unit
894	ENDIF
895
896	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
897	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
898	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
899	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
900	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
901	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
902	ELSE
903	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
904	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
905	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
906	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
907	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
908	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
909	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
910	ENDIF
911	unit = dopr_unit
912	ENDIF
913
914
915	CASE DEFAULT
916	unit = 'illegal'
917
918	END SELECT
919
920
921	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
922
923
924	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
925	! Description:
926	! ------------
927	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
929	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
930
931	USE control_parameters, &
932	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
933	most_method
934
935	USE radiation_model_mod, &
936	ONLY: radiation
937
938
939	IMPLICIT NONE
940
941	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index, z-dimension
942	!
943	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
944	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
945	!-- model
946	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
947	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
948	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
949	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
950	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
951	ENDIF
952
953	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
954	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
955	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
956	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
957	ENDIF
958
959	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
960	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
961	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
962	'allowed in combination with ', &
963	'most_method = ', most_method
964	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
965	ENDIF
966
967	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
968	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
969	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
970	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
971	'/= 9999999.9'
972	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
973	ENDIF
974
975	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
976	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
977	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
978	'/= 9999999.9'
979	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
980	ENDIF
981
982	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
983	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
984	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
985	'/= 9999999.9'
986	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
987	ENDIF
988
989	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
990	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
991	'requires setting of'// &
992	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
993	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
994	ENDIF
995
996	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
997	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
998	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
999	'/= 9999999.9'
1000	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1004	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1005	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
1006	'/= 9999999.9'
1007	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1008	ENDIF
1009
1010	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1011	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1012	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
1013	'/= 9999999.9'
1014	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1015	ENDIF
1016
1017	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1018	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1019	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
1020	'/= 9999999.9'
1021	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1022	ENDIF
1023
1024	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1025	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1026	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
1027	'/= 9999999.9'
1028	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031
1032	ENDIF
1033
1034	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
1035
1036	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1037	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1038	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
1039	'/= 9999999.9'
1040	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1041	ENDIF
1042
1043	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1044	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1045	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
1046	'/= 9999999.9'
1047	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1048	ENDIF
1049
1050	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1051	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1052	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
1053	'/= 9999999.9'
1054	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1055	ENDIF
1056
1057	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1058	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1059	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1060	'/= 9999999.9'
1061	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1062	ENDIF
1063
1064	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1065	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1066	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1067	'/= 9999999.9'
1068	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1069	ENDIF
1070
1071	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1072	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1073	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1074	'/= 9999999.9'
1075	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1076	ENDIF
1077
1078	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1079	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1080	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1081	'/= 9999999.9'
1082	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1083	ENDIF
1084
1085	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1086	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1087	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1088	'/= 9999999.9'
1089	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1090	ENDIF
1091
1092	ENDIF
1093	!
1094	!-- Check for proper setting of soil moisture, must not be larger than its
1095	!-- saturation value.
1096	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1097	IF ( soil_moisture(k) > m_soil_pars(0,soil_type) ) THEN
1098	message_string = 'soil_moisture must not exceed its saturation' // &
1099	' value'
1100	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1101	ENDIF
1102	ENDDO
1103
1104	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1105	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1106	'radiation = .T.'
1107	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1108	ENDIF
1109
1110
1111
1112	!
1113	!-- Determine number of soil layers to be used and check whether an appropriate
1114	!-- root fraction is prescribed
1115	nzb_soil = 0
1116	nzt_soil = 0
1117	IF ( ALL( zs == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1118	nzt_soil = 7
1119	zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) = zs_default
1120	ELSE
1121	DO k = 0, 19
1122	IF ( zs(k) /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1123	nzt_soil = nzt_soil + 1
1124	IF ( root_fraction(k) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1125	message_string = 'manual setting of zs '// &
1126	'requires adequate setting of root_fraction'//&
1127	'/= 9999999.9 ' // &
1128	'and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1129	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0452', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1130	ENDIF
1131	ENDIF
1132	ENDDO
1133	ENDIF
1134
1135	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
1136	IF ( SUM( root_fraction(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
1137	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1138	'requires setting of root_fraction'// &
1139	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1140	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1141	ENDIF
1142	ENDIF
1143
1144
1145	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1146
1147	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1148	! Description:
1149	! ------------
1150	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1151	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1152	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance( horizontal, l )
1153
1154
1155	IMPLICIT NONE
1156
1157	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1158	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for x
1159	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1160	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for y
1161	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1162	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for z
1163	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_rad !< index to access radiation array
1164	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< running index
1165	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-facing index
1166	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index concerning wall elements
1167
1168	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< Flag indicating horizontal or vertical surfaces
1169
1170	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1171	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1172	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1173	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1174	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1175	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1176	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1177	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1178	tend, & !< tendency
1179	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1180	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1181	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1182	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1183	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1184	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1185	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1186	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1187	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1188	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1189	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1190	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1191
1192	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface
1193	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface_p
1194	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_surface_m
1195	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb
1196	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb_p
1197	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_liq_eb_m
1198
1199	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
1200	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
1201
1202	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
1203
1204	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
1205	surf => surf_lsm_h
1206
1207	surf_t_surface => t_surface_h
1208	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_h_p
1209	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_h_m
1210	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_h
1211	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_h_p
1212	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_h_m
1213	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
1214	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
1215
1216	k_off = -1
1217	j_off = 0
1218	i_off = 0
1219	ELSE
1220	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
1221
1222	surf_t_surface => t_surface_v(l)
1223	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_v_p(l)
1224	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_v_m(l)
1225	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_v(l)
1226	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_v_p(l)
1227	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)
1228	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
1229	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
1230
1231	k_off = 0
1232	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
1233	j_off = -1
1234	i_off = 0
1235	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
1236	j_off = 1
1237	i_off = 0
1238	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
1239	j_off = 0
1240	i_off = -1
1241	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
1242	j_off = 0
1243	i_off = 1
1244	ENDIF
1245	ENDIF
1246
1247	!
1248	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1249	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1250
1251	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1252
1253	i = surf%i(m)
1254	j = surf%j(m)
1255	k = surf%k(m)
1256	!
1257	!-- Determine height index for radiation. Note, in clear-sky case radiation
1258	!-- arrays have rank 0 in first dimensions, so index must be zero. In case
1259	!-- of RRTMG radiation arrays have non-zero rank in first dimension, so that
1260	!-- radiation can be obtained at respective height level
1261	k_rad = MERGE( 0, k + k_off, radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1262	!
1263	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1264	IF ( .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1265
1266	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1267
1268	IF ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) >= surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)) THEN
1269	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_s(m)
1270	ELSE
1271	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_u(m)
1272	ENDIF
1273	ELSE
1274
1275	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1276	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1277
1278	ENDIF
1279
1280	!
1281	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1282	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1283	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1284	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1285	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1286	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
1287	qv1 = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
1288	ELSE
1289	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
1290	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1291	qv1 = q(k,j,i)
1292	ELSE
1293	qv1 = 0.0_wp
1294	ENDIF
1295	ENDIF
1296	!
1297	!-- Calculate aerodynamical resistance. For horizontal and vertical
1298	!-- surfaces MOST is applied. Moreover, for vertical surfaces, resistance
1299	!-- can be obtain via parameterization of Mason (2000) /
1300	!-- Krayenhoff and Voogt (2006).
1301	!-- To do: detailed investigation which approach is better!
1302	IF ( horizontal .OR. .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
1303	surf%r_a(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / &
1304	( surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
1305	ELSE
1306	surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp / ( 11.8_wp + 4.2_wp * &
1307	SQRT( ( ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1308	( ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1309	( ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 ) &
1310	)
1311	ENDIF
1312	!
1313	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1314	!-- stratification
1315	IF ( ABS( surf%r_a(m) ) < 1.0_wp ) surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp
1316	!
1317	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1318	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1319
1320	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1321	!-- night)
1322	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off) + 0.05_wp ) /&
1323	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1324	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1325	!
1326	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1327	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1328	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1329	m_total = 0.0_wp
1330	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1331	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(ks,m) &
1332	* MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(ks,m), surf%m_wilt(m) )
1333	ENDDO
1334
1335	IF ( m_total > surf%m_wilt(m) .AND. &
1336	m_total < surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1337	f2 = ( m_total - surf%m_wilt(m) ) / &
1338	( surf%m_fc(m) - surf%m_wilt(m) )
1339	ELSEIF ( m_total >= surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1340	f2 = 1.0_wp
1341	ELSE
1342	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1343	ENDIF
1344	!
1345	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1346	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) &
1347	- 273.16_wp ) / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) )
1348	!
1349	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1350	IF ( surf%g_d(m) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1351	!
1352	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1353	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1354	f3 = EXP ( - surf%g_d(m) * (e_s - e) )
1355	ELSE
1356	f3 = 1.0_wp
1357	ENDIF
1358	!
1359	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1360	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1361	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1362	surf%r_canopy(m) = surf%r_canopy_min(m) / &
1363	( surf%lai(m) * f1 * f2 * f3 + 1.0E-20_wp )
1364	!
1365	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1366	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1367	IF ( surf%soil_type_2d(m) /= 7 ) THEN
1368	m_min = surf%c_veg(m) * surf%m_wilt(m) + &
1369	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) * surf%m_res(m)
1370	ELSE
1371	m_min = surf%m_wilt(m)
1372	ENDIF
1373
1374	f2 = ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) - m_min ) / ( surf%m_fc(m) - m_min )
1375	f2 = MAX( f2, 1.0E-20_wp )
1376	f2 = MIN( f2, 1.0_wp )
1377
1378	surf%r_soil(m) = surf%r_soil_min(m) / f2
1379
1380	!
1381	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1382	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1383	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1384	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1385	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1386	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1387	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1388	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1389	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1390	ELSE
1391	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( surf%c_veg(m) * surf%lai(m)&
1392	+ ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) )
1393	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max )
1394	ENDIF
1395	!
1396	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1397	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1398	!
1399	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1400	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1401	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1402	surf%r_canopy(m) = 0.0_wp
1403	surf%r_soil(m) = 0.0_wp
1404	ENDIF
1405
1406	!
1407	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1408	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1409	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1410	IF ( surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
1411	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1412	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1413	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / surf%r_a(m)
1414	ELSEIF ( surf%pave_surface (m) ) THEN
1415	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1416	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1417	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_liq(m) / surf%r_a(m)
1418	ELSE
1419	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * &
1420	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_liq(m) ) / &
1421	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_canopy(m) )
1422	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) / &
1423	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_soil(m) )
1424	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * surf%c_liq(m) / &
1425	surf%r_a(m)
1426	ENDIF
1427	!
1428	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1429	!-- transpirate.
1430	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1431	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1432	! ENDIF
1433
1434	f_shf = rho_cp / surf%r_a(m)
1435	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1436	!
1437	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1438	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp) - &
1439	17.269_wp*( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp) &
1440	/ ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1441
1442	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1443	!
1444	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1445	surf%rad_net_l(m) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1446	!
1447	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1448	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1449	!
1450	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1451	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1452	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1453	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1454	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) + lambda_surface &
1455	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1456	!
1457	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1458	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1459	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1460	ELSE
1461	!
1462	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1463	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1464	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1465	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1466	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1467	!
1468	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1469	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1470
1471	ENDIF
1472
1473	tend = 0.0_wp
1474
1475	!
1476	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1477	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1478	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp *&
1479	surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2&
1480	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1481
1482	!
1483	!-- Add RK3 term
1484	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1485
1486	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1487	tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1488
1489	!
1490	!-- Calculate true tendency
1491	tend = ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - &
1492	dt_3d * tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1493	!
1494	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1495	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1496	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1497	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1498	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1499	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1500	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1501	5.3125_wp * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1502	ENDIF
1503	ENDIF
1504	ENDIF
1505
1506	!
1507	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1508	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1509	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1510	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1511	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1512	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1513	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1514	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1515	IF ( ABS( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1516	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1517	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1518	ENDIF
1519
1520	pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn !is actually no air temperature
1521	surf%pt_surface(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn
1522
1523	!
1524	!-- Calculate fluxes
1525	surf%rad_net_l(m) = surf%rad_net_l(m) + &
1526	rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1527	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1528	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m)
1529
1530	rad_net(j,i) = surf%rad_net_l(m)
1531	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * &
1532	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) )
1533
1534	surf%ghf_eb(m) = lambda_surface * ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) &
1535	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) )
1536
1537	surf%shf_eb(m) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - surf%pt_surface(m) )
1538
1539	surf%shf(m) = surf%shf_eb(m) / rho_cp
1540
1541	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1542	surf%qsws_eb(m) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1543	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1544	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1545
1546	surf%qsws(m) = surf%qsws_eb(m) / rho_lv
1547
1548	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1549	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1550	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1551
1552	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1553	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1554	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1555
1556	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1557	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1558	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1559	ENDIF
1560
1561	!
1562	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1563	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1564	surf%r_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
1565	ELSE
1566	surf%r_s(m) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1567	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1568	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) / &
1569	surf%qsws_eb(m) - surf%r_a(m)
1570	ENDIF
1571
1572	!
1573	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1574	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1575	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1576	!
1577	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1578	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1579	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1580	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1581
1582	!
1583	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1584	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1585	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1586	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1587	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1588	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) &
1589	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1590	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1591	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1592	ELSE
1593	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) &
1594	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1595	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1596	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1597	ENDIF
1598
1599	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1600	!-- coverage.
1601	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + ( 1.0_wp &
1602	- surf%c_veg(m) ) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1603	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1604	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1605	ENDIF
1606
1607	!
1608	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1609	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1610	!
1611	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1612	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1613	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1614	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1615	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1616	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + surf%qsws_liq_eb(m)
1617
1618	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1619	ENDIF
1620
1621	!
1622	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1623	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1624	!-- plant
1625	IF ( surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1626	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) + surf%qsws_veg_eb(m)
1627	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1628	ENDIF
1629	ENDIF
1630
1631	tend = - surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) * drho_l_lv
1632	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1633	( tsc(2) * tend + &
1634	tsc(3) * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) )
1635	!
1636	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1637	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1638	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MIN( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m),m_liq_eb_max )
1639
1640	!
1641	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1642	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1643	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MAX( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m), 0.0_wp )
1644	!
1645	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1646	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1647	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1648	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1649	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1650	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1651	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1652	5.3125_wp * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m)
1653	ENDIF
1654	ENDIF
1655
1656	ENDIF
1657
1658	ENDDO
1659
1660	!
1661	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1662	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1663	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1664	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1665	#if defined( __parallel )
1666	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1667	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1668	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1669	#else
1670	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1671	#endif
1672	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1673	ENDIF
1674
1675	!
1676	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1677	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1678	CALL calc_q_surface
1679	ENDIF
1680
1681	!
1682	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1683	IF ( horizontal ) CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1684
1685	CONTAINS
1686	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1687	! Description:
1688	! ------------
1689	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
1690	!> that the skin is always saturated.
1691	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1692	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1693
1694	IMPLICIT NONE
1695
1696	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
1697
1698	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1699
1700	i = surf%i(m)
1701	j = surf%j(m)
1702	k = surf%k(m)
1703
1704	!
1705	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1706	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * &
1707	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp ) / &
1708	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) &
1709	)
1710
1711	!
1712	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
1713	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1714
1715	resistance = surf%r_a(m) / ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_s(m) )
1716
1717	!
1718	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
1719	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1720	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1721	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1722	( q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) )
1723	ELSE
1724	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1725	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1726	q(k,j,i)
1727	ENDIF
1728
1729	!
1730	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
1731	vpt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) * &
1732	( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) )
1733
1734	ENDDO
1735
1736	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1737
1738
1739
1740	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1741
1742
1743	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1744	! Description:
1745	! ------------
1746	!> Header output for land surface model
1747	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1748	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1749
1750
1751	IMPLICIT NONE
1752
1753	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1754	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1755	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1756	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1757	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1758	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1759
1760	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1761
1762	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1763
1764	t_soil_chr = ''
1765	m_soil_chr = ''
1766	soil_depth_chr = ''
1767	roots_chr = ''
1768	vertical_index_chr = ''
1769
1770	i = 1
1771	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1772	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1773	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1774
1775	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1776	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1777
1778	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1779	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1780
1781	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1782	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1783
1784	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1785	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1786	TRIM( coor_chr )
1787	ENDDO
1788
1789	!
1790	!-- Write land surface model header
1791	WRITE( io, 1 )
1792	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1793	WRITE( io, 2 )
1794	ELSE
1795	WRITE( io, 3 )
1796	ENDIF
1797
1798	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1799	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1800	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1801	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1802	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1803
1804	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1805	' ------------------------------'/)
1806	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1807	', default)')
1808	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1809	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1810	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1811	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1812	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1813	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1814	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1815	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1816	' Grid point: ',A)
1817
1818	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1819
1820
1821	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1822	! Description:
1823	! ------------
1824	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1825	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1826	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1827
1828
1829	IMPLICIT NONE
1830
1831	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1832	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1833	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1834	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1835	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1836	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index surface facing
1837	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
1838
1839	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1840
1841	!
1842	!-- Calculate Exner function
1843	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1844	!
1845	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1846	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1847	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1848	ENDIF
1849
1850	!
1851	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1852	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1853	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1854	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1855	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1856
1857	!
1858	!-- Set initial values for prognostic quantities
1859	!-- Horizontal surfaces
1860	tt_surface_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1861	tt_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1862	tm_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1863	tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1864	surf_lsm_h%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1865
1866	surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1867	surf_lsm_h%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_h%shf
1868
1869	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1870	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_h%qsws
1871	ELSE
1872	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1873	ENDIF
1874
1875	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1876	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1877	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1878
1879	surf_lsm_h%r_a = 50.0_wp
1880	surf_lsm_h%r_s = 50.0_wp
1881	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1882	surf_lsm_h%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1883	!
1884	!-- Do the same for vertical surfaces
1885	DO l = 0, 3
1886	tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1887	tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1888	tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1889	tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1890	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1891
1892	surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1893	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_v(l)%shf
1894
1895	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1896	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws
1897	ELSE
1898	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1899	ENDIF
1900
1901	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1902	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1903	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1904
1905	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a = 50.0_wp
1906	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s = 50.0_wp
1907	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1908	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1909	ENDDO
1910
1911
1912	!
1913	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1914	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
1915	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1916	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1917	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1918
1919	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1920	!
1921	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1922	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1923	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1924	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1925
1926	surf_lsm_h%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1927	ENDIF
1928	!
1929	!-- For vertical surfaces
1930	DO l = 0, 3
1931	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1932	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1933	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1934
1935	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1936	!
1937	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1938	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1939	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1940	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1941
1942	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1943	ENDIF
1944	ENDDO
1945
1946	!
1947	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1948	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1949	!-- at the centers
1950	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1951
1952	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1953	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1954	ENDDO
1955	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1956
1957	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1958	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1959	ENDDO
1960	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1961
1962	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1963	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1964
1965	!
1966	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1967	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1968	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1969	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1970
1971	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1972	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1973	ENDIF
1974
1975	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1976	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1977	ENDIF
1978
1979	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1980	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1981	ENDIF
1982
1983	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1984	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1985	ENDIF
1986
1987	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1988	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1989	ENDIF
1990
1991	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1992	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1993	ENDIF
1994
1995	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1996	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1997	ENDIF
1998
1999	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2000	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
2001	ENDIF
2002
2003	ENDIF
2004
2005	!
2006	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
2007	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2008	surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2009	surf_lsm_h%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2010	surf_lsm_h%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2011	surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2012	surf_lsm_h%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2013	surf_lsm_h%m_fc = field_capacity
2014	surf_lsm_h%m_wilt = wilting_point
2015	surf_lsm_h%m_res = residual_moisture
2016	surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2017	!
2018	!-- Vertical surfaces
2019	DO l = 0, 3
2020	surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2021	surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2022	surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2023	surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2024	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2025	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc = field_capacity
2026	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt = wilting_point
2027	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res = residual_moisture
2028	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2029	ENDDO
2030
2031
2032
2033	!
2034	!-- Initial run actions
2035	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2036	!
2037	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
2038	t_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2039	m_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2040	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2041
2042	!
2043	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2044	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2045	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2046	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2047	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
2048	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(:))
2049	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2050	ENDDO
2051	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2052
2053	!
2054	!-- Calculate surface temperature
2055	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2056	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2057
2058	!
2059	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2060	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2061	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2062	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2063	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2064	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2065
2066	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2067	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2068	ELSE
2069	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2070	ENDIF
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2074	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2075
2076	surf_lsm_h%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2077	surf_lsm_h%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
2078	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_h%us(m) * surf_lsm_h%ts(m)
2079	ENDDO
2080	!
2081	!-- Vertical surfaces
2082	DO l = 0, 3
2083
2084	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2085	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2086	m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2087
2088	!
2089	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2090	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2091	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2092	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2093	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
2094	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(:))
2095	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2096	ENDDO
2097	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2098
2099	!
2100	!-- Calculate surface temperature
2101	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2102	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2103
2104	!
2105	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2106	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2107	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2108	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2109	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2110	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2111
2112	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2113	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2114	ELSE
2115	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2116	ENDIF
2117
2118	!
2119	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2120	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2121
2122	surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2123	surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(m)
2124	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) * surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m)
2125	ENDDO
2126	ENDDO
2127
2128	!
2129	!-- Actions for restart runs
2130	ELSE
2131	!
2132	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2133	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2134	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2135	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2136	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2137	t_surface_h%var_1d(m) = pt(k-1,j,i) * exn
2138	ENDDO
2139	!
2140	!-- Vertical surfaces
2141	DO l = 0, 3
2142	!
2143	!-- Set index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
2144	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
2145	j_off = -1
2146	i_off = 0
2147	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
2148	j_off = 1
2149	i_off = 0
2150	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
2151	j_off = 0
2152	i_off = -1
2153	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
2154	j_off = 0
2155	i_off = 1
2156	ENDIF
2157	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2158	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2159	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2160	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2161	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(m) = pt(k,j+j_off,i+i_off) * exn
2162	ENDDO
2163	ENDDO
2164
2165	ENDIF
2166	!
2167	!-- Initialize root fraction
2168	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2169	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2170	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2171	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2172
2173	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2174	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2175	ENDDO
2176	ENDDO
2177	!
2178	!-- Vertical surfaces
2179	DO l = 0, 3
2180	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2181	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2182	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2183
2184	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2185	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2186	ENDDO
2187	ENDDO
2188	ENDDO
2189
2190	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
2191	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2192	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
2193	ENDIF
2194	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2195	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
2196	ENDIF
2197	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2198	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
2199	ENDIF
2200	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2201	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
2202	ENDIF
2203	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2204	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
2205	ENDIF
2206	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2207	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
2208	ENDIF
2209	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2210	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
2211	ENDIF
2212	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2213	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2214	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2215	ENDIF
2216	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2217	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
2218	ENDIF
2219	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2220	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
2221	ENDIF
2222	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
2223
2224	IF ( ALL( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
2225	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2226	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2227	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2228
2229
2230	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2231	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2232	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2233	ENDDO
2234	ENDDO
2235	DO l = 0, 3
2236	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2237	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2238	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2239
2240	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2241	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2242	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2243	ENDDO
2244	ENDDO
2245	ENDDO
2246	ENDIF
2247
2248	ELSE
2249
2250	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2251	z0_eb = roughness_length
2252	ENDIF
2253	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2254	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2255	ENDIF
2256	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2257	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2258	ENDIF
2259
2260	ENDIF
2261
2262	!
2263	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
2264	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
2265	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
2266	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2267	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
2268	ELSE
2269	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
2270	ENDIF
2271	ENDIF
2272
2273	!
2274	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
2275	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
2276	!-- First for horizontal surfaces
2277	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2278	surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2279
2280	!
2281	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2282	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2283	surf_lsm_h%lai = leaf_area_index
2284	surf_lsm_h%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2285	surf_lsm_h%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2286	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2287	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2288	surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2289	surf_lsm_h%z0 = z0_eb
2290	surf_lsm_h%z0h = z0h_eb
2291	surf_lsm_h%z0q = z0q_eb
2292
2293	!-- Vertical surfaces
2294	DO l = 0, 3
2295	surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2296	surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2297
2298	!
2299	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2300	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2301	surf_lsm_v(l)%lai = leaf_area_index
2302	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2303	surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2304	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2305	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2306	surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2307	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0 = z0_eb
2308	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h = z0h_eb
2309	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q = z0q_eb
2310	ENDDO
2311
2312	!
2313	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
2314	CALL user_init_land_surface
2315
2316	!
2317	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
2318	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
2319	!-- For now, do not set water surface for vertical surfaces
2320	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2321	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2322	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2323
2324	IF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 14 .OR. &
2325	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 15 ) THEN
2326	surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2327	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = t_surface_h%var_1d(m)
2328	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 20 ) THEN
2329	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2330	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2331	ENDIF
2332
2333	ENDDO
2334
2335	!
2336	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only, i.e. only
2337	!- horizontal surfaces)
2338	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
2339
2340	t_soil_h_p = t_soil_h
2341	m_soil_h_p = m_soil_h
2342	m_liq_eb_h_p = m_liq_eb_h
2343	t_surface_h_p = t_surface_h
2344
2345	t_soil_v_p = t_soil_v
2346	m_soil_v_p = m_soil_v
2347	m_liq_eb_v_p = m_liq_eb_v
2348	t_surface_v_p = t_surface_v
2349
2350
2351
2352	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
2353	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
2354	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2355	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2356	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2357	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2358
2359	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
2360
2361
2362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2363	! Description:
2364	! ------------
2365	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
2366	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2367	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2368
2369
2370	IMPLICIT NONE
2371
2372	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< index indicating facing of surface array
2373
2374	!
2375	!-- Allocate global 1D arrays
2376	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2377	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2378	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2379	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2380	ALLOCATE ( root_extr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2381
2382	root_extr = 0.0_wp
2383
2384	!
2385	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity. Please note,
2386	!-- these arrays are allocated according to surface-data structure,
2387	!-- even if they do not belong to the data type due to the
2388	!-- pointer arithmetric (TARGET attribute is not allowed in a data-type).
2389	#if defined( __nopointer )
2390	!
2391	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2392	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2393	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2394	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2395	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2396	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2397	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2398	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2399	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2400	!
2401	!-- Vertical surfaces
2402	DO l = 0, 3
2403	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2404	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2405	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2406	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2407	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2408	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2409	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2410	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2411	ENDDO
2412	#else
2413	!
2414	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2415	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2416	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2417	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2418	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2419	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2420	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2421	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2422	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2423	!
2424	!-- Vertical surfaces
2425	DO l = 0, 3
2426	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2427	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2428	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2429	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2430	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2431	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2432	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2433	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2434	ENDDO
2435	#endif
2436
2437	!
2438	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
2439	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2440	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2441	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2442	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2443	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2444	!
2445	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2446	DO l = 0, 3
2447	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2448	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2449	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2450	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2451	ENDDO
2452	!
2453	!-- Allocate skin-surface temperature
2454	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2455	DO l = 0, 3
2456	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2457	ENDDO
2458
2459	!
2460	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2461	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2462	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2463	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2464	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2465	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2466	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2467	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2468	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2469	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%g_d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2470	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lai(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2471	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2472	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2473	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2474	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2475	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_res(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2476	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2477	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2478	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2479	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2480	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2481	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2482	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2483	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2484	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2485	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_a(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2486	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2487	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2488	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2489	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2490	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2491	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2492	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2493	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2494	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2495
2496	surf_lsm_h%water_surface = .FALSE.
2497	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2498	!
2499	!-- Vertical surfaces
2500	DO l = 0, 3
2501	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2502	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2503	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2504	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2505	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2506	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2507	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2508	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2509	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lai(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2510	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2511	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2512	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2513	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2514	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2515	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2516	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2517	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2518	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2519	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2520	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2521	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2522	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2523	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2524	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2525	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2526	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2527	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2528	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2529	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2530	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2531	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2532	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2533	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2534
2535	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .FALSE.
2536	surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2537	ENDDO
2538
2539	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2540	!
2541	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2542	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2543	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2544	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2545	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2546	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2547	!
2548	!-- Vertical surfaces
2549	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2550	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2551	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2552	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2553	#endif
2554
2555
2556	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2557
2558
2559	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2560	! Description:
2561	! ------------
2562	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2563	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2564	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2565
2566
2567	IMPLICIT NONE
2568
2569	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2570
2571	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2572	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2573	conserve_water_content, &
2574	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2575	aero_resist_kray, hydraulic_conductivity, &
2576	lambda_surface_stable, &
2577	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2578	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2579	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2580	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2581	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2582	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2583	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2584	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2585	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2586	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2587
2588	line = ' '
2589
2590	!
2591	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2592	REWIND ( 11 )
2593	line = ' '
2594	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2595	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2596	ENDDO
2597	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2598
2599	!
2600	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2601	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2602
2603	!
2604	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2605	land_surface = .TRUE.
2606
2607	10 CONTINUE
2608
2609
2610	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2611
2612
2613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2614	! Description:
2615	! ------------
2616	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2617	!> temperature and water content.
2618	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2619	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model( horizontal, l )
2620
2621
2622	IMPLICIT NONE
2623
2624	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2625	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-data type index indication facing
2626	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
2627
2628	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< flag indication horizontal wall, required to set pointer accordingly
2629
2630	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2631
2632	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2633	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2634	tend !< tendency
2635
2636	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
2637	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil_p
2638	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
2639	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil_p
2640	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_soil_m
2641	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_soil_m
2642
2643	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
2644
2645	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
2646	surf => surf_lsm_h
2647
2648	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
2649	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_h_p
2650	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
2651	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_h_p
2652	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_h_m
2653	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_h_m
2654	ELSE
2655	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
2656
2657	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
2658	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_v_p(l)
2659	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
2660	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_v_p(l)
2661	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_v_m(l)
2662	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_v_m(l)
2663	ENDIF
2664
2665	DO m = 1, surf%ns
2666
2667	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2668	surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2669	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2670	ENDIF
2671
2672	IF ( .NOT. surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2673	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2674
2675	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2676
2677	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2678	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2679
2680	ELSE
2681	!
2682	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2683	!-- into account water content
2684	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = (rho_c_soil * &
2685	( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m) )&
2686	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) )
2687
2688	!
2689	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2690	!-- layers
2691	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m)) &
2692	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2693
2694	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) / &
2695	surf%m_sat(m) ) )
2696
2697	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2698	lambda_h_dry
2699	ENDIF
2700	ENDDO
2701
2702	!
2703	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2704	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2705	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2706	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2707	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2708	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2709	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1)&
2710	* lambda_temp(k) &
2711	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2712	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2713	ELSE
2714	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) )&
2715	* 0.5_wp
2716	ENDIF
2717	ENDDO
2718	surf%lambda_h(nzt_soil,m) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2719
2720	!
2721	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2722	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2723
2724	tend(nzb_soil) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) ) *&
2725	( surf%lambda_h(nzb_soil,m) * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) &
2726	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2727	+ surf%ghf_eb(m) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2728
2729	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2730	tend(k) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(k,m) ) &
2731	* ( surf%lambda_h(k,m) &
2732	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) &
2733	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2734	- surf%lambda_h(k-1,m) &
2735	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k-1,m) ) &
2736	* ddz_soil(k) &
2737	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2738
2739	ENDDO
2740
2741	surf_t_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2742	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2743	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2744	+ tsc(3) &
2745	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) )
2746
2747	!
2748	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2749	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2750	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2751	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2752	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2753	ENDDO
2754	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2755	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2756	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2757	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2758	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2759	ENDDO
2760	ENDIF
2761	ENDIF
2762
2763
2764	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2765
2766	!
2767	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2768	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * psi_sat &
2769	/ surf%m_sat(m) ) * ( MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), &
2770	surf%m_wilt(m) ) / surf%m_sat(m) )**(&
2771	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2772
2773	!
2774	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2775	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2776	!
2777	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2778	!-- (1980)
2779	h_vg = ( ( ( surf%m_res(m) - surf%m_sat(m) ) / &
2780	( surf%m_res(m) - &
2781	MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), surf%m_wilt(m) ) &
2782	) &
2783	)**( &
2784	surf%n_vg(m) / ( surf%n_vg(m) - 1.0_wp ) &
2785	) - 1.0_wp &
2786	)**( 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m) ) / surf%alpha_vg(m)
2787
2788	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( ( ( 1.0_wp + &
2789	( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**surf%n_vg(m)&
2790	)**( &
2791	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m)) - ( &
2792	surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**( surf%n_vg(m)&
2793	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2794	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg &
2795	)surf%n_vg(m) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2796	/ surf%n_vg(m) ) * &
2797	( surf%l_vg(m) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2798	!
2799	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2800	ELSE
2801	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2802	/ surf%m_sat(m) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2803	ENDIF
2804
2805	ENDDO
2806
2807	!
2808	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2809	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2810	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2811	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2812	!
2813	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2814	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2815	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2816	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2817
2818	surf%lambda_w(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + &
2819	lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2820	surf%gamma_w(k,m) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + &
2821	gamma_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2822
2823	ENDDO
2824
2825	!
2826	!
2827	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2828	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2829	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2830	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2831	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = 0.0_wp
2832	ELSE
2833	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2834	ENDIF
2835
2836	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2837	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2838	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2839	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2840	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2841	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2842	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2843	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2844	!
2845	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2846	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2847	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2848	!-- additional check.
2849	m_total = 0.0_wp
2850	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2851	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2852	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2853	ENDIF
2854	ENDDO
2855	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2856	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2857	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2858	root_extr(k) = surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2859	/ m_total
2860	ELSE
2861	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2862	ENDIF
2863	ENDDO
2864	ENDIF
2865	!
2866	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil_h.
2867	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2868
2869	tend(nzb_soil) = ( surf%lambda_w(nzb_soil,m) * ( &
2870	surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
2871	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - surf%gamma_w(nzb_soil,m) - &
2872	( &
2873	root_extr(nzb_soil) * surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) &
2874	+ surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2875	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2876
2877	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2878	tend(k) = ( surf%lambda_w(k,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) &
2879	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2880	- surf%gamma_w(k,m) &
2881	- surf%lambda_w(k-1,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) - &
2882	surf_m_soil%var_2d(k-1,m)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2883	+ surf%gamma_w(k-1,m) - (root_extr(k) &
2884	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv) &
2885	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2886	ENDDO
2887	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) &
2888	- surf%lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,m) &
2889	* ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil,m) &
2890	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil-1,m)) &
2891	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2892	+ surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,m) - ( &
2893	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2894	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv ) &
2895	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2896
2897	surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2898	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2899	+ tsc(3) * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(:,m) )
2900
2901	!
2902	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2903	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2904	IF ( surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) < 0.0_wp ) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) = 0.0_wp
2905	ENDDO
2906
2907	!
2908	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2909	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2910	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2911	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2912	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2913	ENDDO
2914	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2915	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2916	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2917	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2918	* surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2919	ENDDO
2920	ENDIF
2921	ENDIF
2922	ENDIF
2923
2924	ENDIF
2925
2926	ENDDO
2927
2928	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2929
2930
2931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2932	! Description:
2933	! ------------
2934	!> Swapping of timelevels
2935	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2936	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2937
2938	IMPLICIT NONE
2939
2940	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2941
2942	#if defined( __nopointer )
2943	!
2944	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2945	t_surface_h = t_surface_h_p
2946	t_soil_h = t_soil_h_p
2947	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2948	m_soil_h = m_soil_h_p
2949	m_liq_eb_h = m_liq_eb_h_p
2950	ENDIF
2951	!
2952	!-- Vertical surfaces
2953	t_surface_v = t_surface_v_p
2954	t_soil_v = t_soil_v_p
2955	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2956	m_soil_v = m_soil_v_p
2957	m_liq_eb_v = m_liq_eb_v_p
2958	ENDIF
2959
2960	#else
2961
2962	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2963
2964	CASE ( 0 )
2965	!
2966	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2967	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2968	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2969	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2970	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2971	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2972	ENDIF
2973	!
2974	!-- Vertical surfaces
2975	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2976	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2977	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2978	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2979	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2980	ENDIF
2981
2982
2983
2984	CASE ( 1 )
2985	!
2986	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2987	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_2; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_1
2988	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_2; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_1
2989	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2990	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_2; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_1
2991	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_2; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_1
2992	ENDIF
2993	!
2994	!-- Vertical surfaces
2995	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_2; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_1
2996	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_2; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_1
2997	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2998	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_2; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_1
2999	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_2; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_1
3000	ENDIF
3001
3002	END SELECT
3003	#endif
3004
3005	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3011	!
3012	! Description:
3013	! ------------
3014	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
3015	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3016	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
3017
3018
3019	USE control_parameters
3020
3021	USE indices
3022
3023	USE kinds
3024
3025	IMPLICIT NONE
3026
3027	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3028	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3029
3030	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3031	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3032	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3033	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3034
3035	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
3036
3037	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3038
3039	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3040	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3041	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3042	ENDIF
3043	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3044
3045	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3046	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3047	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3048	ENDIF
3049	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3050
3051	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3052	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3053	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3054	ENDIF
3055	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
3056
3057	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3058	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3059	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3060	ENDIF
3061	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3062
3063	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3064	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3065	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3066	ENDIF
3067	lai_av = 0.0_wp
3068
3069	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3070	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3071	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3072	ENDIF
3073	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3074
3075	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3076	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3077	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3078	ENDIF
3079	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3080
3081	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3082	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3083	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3084	ENDIF
3085	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3086
3087	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3088	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3089	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3090	ENDIF
3091	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3092
3093	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3094	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3095	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3096	ENDIF
3097	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3098
3099	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3100	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3101	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3102	ENDIF
3103	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3104
3105	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3106	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
3107	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3108	ENDIF
3109	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
3110
3111	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3112	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
3113	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3114	ENDIF
3115	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
3116
3117	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3118	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3119	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3120	ENDIF
3121	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3122
3123	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3124	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3125	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3126	ENDIF
3127	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3128
3129	CASE DEFAULT
3130	CONTINUE
3131
3132	END SELECT
3133
3134	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
3135
3136	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3137
3138	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3139	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3140	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3141	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3142	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m)
3143	ENDDO
3144
3145	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3146	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3147	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3148	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3149	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m))
3150	ENDDO
3151
3152	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3153	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3154	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3155	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3156	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3157	ENDDO
3158
3159	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3160	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3161	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3162	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3163	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3164	ENDDO
3165
3166	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3167	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3168	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3169	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3170	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3171	ENDDO
3172
3173	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3174	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3175	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3176	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3177	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3178	ENDDO
3179
3180	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3181	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3182	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3183	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3184	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3185	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3186	ENDDO
3187	ENDDO
3188
3189	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3190	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3191	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3192	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3193	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3194	ENDDO
3195
3196	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3197	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3198	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3199	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3200	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + &
3201	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3202	ENDDO
3203
3204	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3205	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3206	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3207	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3208	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + &
3209	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3210	ENDDO
3211
3212	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3213	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3214	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3215	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3216	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + &
3217	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3218	ENDDO
3219
3220	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3221	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3222	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3223	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3224	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3225	ENDDO
3226
3227	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3228	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3229	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3230	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3231	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3232	ENDDO
3233
3234	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3235	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3236	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3237	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3238	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3239	ENDDO
3240
3241	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3242	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3243	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3244	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3245	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3246	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3247	ENDDO
3248	ENDDO
3249
3250	CASE DEFAULT
3251	CONTINUE
3252
3253	END SELECT
3254
3255	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
3256
3257	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3258
3259	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3260	DO i = nxl, nxr
3261	DO j = nys, nyn
3262	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3263	ENDDO
3264	ENDDO
3265
3266	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3267	DO i = nxl, nxr
3268	DO j = nys, nyn
3269	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3270	ENDDO
3271	ENDDO
3272
3273	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3274	DO i = nxl, nxr
3275	DO j = nys, nyn
3276	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3277	ENDDO
3278	ENDDO
3279
3280	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3281	DO i = nxl, nxr
3282	DO j = nys, nyn
3283	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3284	ENDDO
3285	ENDDO
3286
3287	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3288	DO i = nxl, nxr
3289	DO j = nys, nyn
3290	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3291	ENDDO
3292	ENDDO
3293
3294	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3295	DO i = nxl, nxr
3296	DO j = nys, nyn
3297	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3298	ENDDO
3299	ENDDO
3300
3301	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3302	DO i = nxl, nxr
3303	DO j = nys, nyn
3304	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3305	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3306	ENDDO
3307	ENDDO
3308	ENDDO
3309
3310	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3311	DO i = nxl, nxr
3312	DO j = nys, nyn
3313	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3314	ENDDO
3315	ENDDO
3316
3317	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3318	DO i = nxl, nxr
3319	DO j = nys, nyn
3320	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3321	ENDDO
3322	ENDDO
3323
3324	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3325	DO i = nxl, nxr
3326	DO j = nys, nyn
3327	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3328	ENDDO
3329	ENDDO
3330
3331	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3332	DO i = nxl, nxr
3333	DO j = nys, nyn
3334	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3335	ENDDO
3336	ENDDO
3337
3338	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3339	DO i = nxl, nxr
3340	DO j = nys, nyn
3341	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3342	ENDDO
3343	ENDDO
3344
3345	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3346	DO i = nxl, nxr
3347	DO j = nys, nyn
3348	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3349	ENDDO
3350	ENDDO
3351
3352	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3353	DO i = nxl, nxr
3354	DO j = nys, nyn
3355	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3356	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3357	ENDDO
3358	ENDDO
3359	ENDDO
3360	!
3361	!--
3362
3363	END SELECT
3364
3365	ENDIF
3366
3367	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
3368
3369
3370	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3371	!
3372	! Description:
3373	! ------------
3374	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
3375	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
3376	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3377	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
3378
3379	IMPLICIT NONE
3380
3381	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
3382	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
3383	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
3384	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
3385	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
3386
3387	found = .TRUE.
3388
3389	!
3390	!-- Check for the grid
3391	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
3392
3393	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
3394	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
3395	grid_x = 'x'
3396	grid_y = 'y'
3397	grid_z = 'zs'
3398
3399	CASE DEFAULT
3400	found = .FALSE.
3401	grid_x = 'none'
3402	grid_y = 'none'
3403	grid_z = 'none'
3404	END SELECT
3405
3406	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
3407
3408	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3409	!
3410	! Description:
3411	! ------------
3412	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3414	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
3415	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
3416
3417	USE indices
3418
3419	USE kinds
3420
3421
3422	IMPLICIT NONE
3423
3424	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
3425	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3426	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3427
3428	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3429	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3430	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3431	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3432	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3433	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
3434	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
3435
3436	LOGICAL :: found !<
3437	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
3438
3439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
3440
3441
3442	found = .TRUE.
3443
3444	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3445	!
3446	!-- Before data is transfered to local_pf, transfer is it 2D dummy variable and exchange ghost points therein.
3447	!-- However, at this point this is only required for instantaneous arrays, time-averaged quantities are already exchanged.
3448	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3449	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3450	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3451	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3452	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3453	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) * surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3454	ENDDO
3455	ELSE
3456	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3457	DO j = nysg, nyng
3458	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
3459	ENDDO
3460	ENDDO
3461	ENDIF
3462
3463	two_d = .TRUE.
3464	grid = 'zu1'
3465
3466	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3467	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3468	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3469	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3470	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3471	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3472	ENDDO
3473	ELSE
3474	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3475	DO j = nysg, nyng
3476	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
3477	ENDDO
3478	ENDDO
3479	ENDIF
3480
3481	two_d = .TRUE.
3482	grid = 'zu1'
3483
3484	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3485	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3486	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3487	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3488	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3489	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3490	ENDDO
3491	ELSE
3492	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3493	DO j = nysg, nyng
3494	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
3495	ENDDO
3496	ENDDO
3497	ENDIF
3498
3499	two_d = .TRUE.
3500	grid = 'zu1'
3501
3502	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3503	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3504	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3505	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3506	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3507	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3508	ENDDO
3509	ELSE
3510	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3511	DO j = nysg, nyng
3512	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
3513	ENDDO
3514	ENDDO
3515	ENDIF
3516
3517	two_d = .TRUE.
3518	grid = 'zu1'
3519
3520	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3521	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3522	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3523	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3524	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3525	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3526	ENDDO
3527	ELSE
3528	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3529	DO j = nysg, nyng
3530	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
3531	ENDDO
3532	ENDDO
3533	ENDIF
3534
3535	two_d = .TRUE.
3536	grid = 'zu1'
3537
3538	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3539	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3540	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3541	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3542	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3543	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3544	ENDDO
3545	ELSE
3546	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3547	DO j = nysg, nyng
3548	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3549	ENDDO
3550	ENDDO
3551	ENDIF
3552
3553	two_d = .TRUE.
3554	grid = 'zu1'
3555
3556	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
3557	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3558	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3559	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3560	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3561	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3562	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3563	ENDDO
3564	ENDDO
3565	ELSE
3566	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3567	DO j = nysg, nyng
3568	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3569	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3570	ENDDO
3571	ENDDO
3572	ENDDO
3573	ENDIF
3574
3575	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3576	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3577
3578	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3579
3580	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3581	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3582	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3583	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3584	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3585	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3586	ENDDO
3587	ELSE
3588	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3589	DO j = nysg, nyng
3590	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
3591	ENDDO
3592	ENDDO
3593	ENDIF
3594
3595	two_d = .TRUE.
3596	grid = 'zu1'
3597
3598	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3599	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3600	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3601	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3602	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3603	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3604	ENDDO
3605	ELSE
3606	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3607	DO j = nysg, nyng
3608	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3609	ENDDO
3610	ENDDO
3611	ENDIF
3612
3613	two_d = .TRUE.
3614	grid = 'zu1'
3615
3616	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3617	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3618	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3619	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3620	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3621	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3622	ENDDO
3623	ELSE
3624	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3625	DO j = nysg, nyng
3626	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3627	ENDDO
3628	ENDDO
3629	ENDIF
3630
3631	two_d = .TRUE.
3632	grid = 'zu1'
3633
3634	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3635	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3636	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3637	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3638	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3639	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3640	ENDDO
3641	ELSE
3642	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3643	DO j = nysg, nyng
3644	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3645	ENDDO
3646	ENDDO
3647	ENDIF
3648
3649	two_d = .TRUE.
3650	grid = 'zu1'
3651
3652
3653	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3654	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3655	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3656	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3657	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3658	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3659	ENDDO
3660	ELSE
3661	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3662	DO j = nysg, nyng
3663	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3664	ENDDO
3665	ENDDO
3666	ENDIF
3667
3668	two_d = .TRUE.
3669	grid = 'zu1'
3670
3671	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3672	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3673	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3674	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3675	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3676	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3677	ENDDO
3678	ELSE
3679	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3680	DO j = nysg, nyng
3681	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3682	ENDDO
3683	ENDDO
3684	ENDIF
3685
3686	two_d = .TRUE.
3687	grid = 'zu1'
3688
3689	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3690	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3691	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3692	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3693	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3694	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3695	ENDDO
3696	ELSE
3697	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3698	DO j = nysg, nyng
3699	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3700	ENDDO
3701	ENDDO
3702	ENDIF
3703
3704	two_d = .TRUE.
3705	grid = 'zu1'
3706
3707	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3708	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3709	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3710	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3711	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3712	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3713	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3714	ENDDO
3715	ENDDO
3716	ELSE
3717	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3718	DO j = nysg, nyng
3719	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3720	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3721	ENDDO
3722	ENDDO
3723	ENDDO
3724	ENDIF
3725
3726	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3727	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3728
3729	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3730
3731	CASE DEFAULT
3732	found = .FALSE.
3733	grid = 'none'
3734
3735	END SELECT
3736
3737	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3738
3739
3740	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3741	!
3742	! Description:
3743	! ------------
3744	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3745	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3746	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3747
3748
3749	USE indices
3750
3751	USE kinds
3752
3753
3754	IMPLICIT NONE
3755
3756	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3757
3758	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3759	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3760	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3761	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3762	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3763
3764	LOGICAL :: found !<
3765
3766	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3767
3768
3769	found = .TRUE.
3770
3771
3772	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3773	!
3774	!-- Requires 3D exchange
3775
3776	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3777
3778	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3779	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3780	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3781	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3782	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3783	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3784	ENDDO
3785	ENDDO
3786	ELSE
3787	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3788	DO j = nysg, nyng
3789	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3790	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3791	ENDDO
3792	ENDDO
3793	ENDDO
3794	ENDIF
3795
3796	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3797
3798	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3799	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3800	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3801	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3802	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3803	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3804	ENDDO
3805	ENDDO
3806	ELSE
3807	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3808	DO j = nysg, nyng
3809	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3810	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3811	ENDDO
3812	ENDDO
3813	ENDDO
3814	ENDIF
3815
3816
3817	CASE DEFAULT
3818	found = .FALSE.
3819
3820	END SELECT
3821
3822
3823	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3824
3825
3826	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3827	!
3828	! Description:
3829	! ------------
3830	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3831	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3832	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3833
3834
3835	USE control_parameters
3836
3837	USE kinds
3838
3839	IMPLICIT NONE
3840
3841	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3842	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3843	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3844	ENDIF
3845	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3846	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3847	ENDIF
3848	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3849	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3850	ENDIF
3851	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3852	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3853	ENDIF
3854	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3855	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3856	ENDIF
3857	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_h%var_1d
3858	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3859	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3860	ENDIF
3861	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_h%var_2d
3862	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3863	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3864	ENDIF
3865	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3866	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3867	ENDIF
3868	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3869	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3870	ENDIF
3871	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3872	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3873	ENDIF
3874	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3875	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3876	ENDIF
3877	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3878	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3879	ENDIF
3880	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_h%var_2d
3881	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3882	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3883	ENDIF
3884
3885	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3886
3887	ENDIF
3888
3889	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3890
3891
3892	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3893	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3894	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3895	tmp_2d )
3896
3897
3898	USE control_parameters
3899
3900	USE indices
3901
3902	USE kinds
3903
3904	USE pegrid
3905
3906	IMPLICIT NONE
3907
3908	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3909
3910	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3911	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3912	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3913	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3914	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3915	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3916	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3917	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3918	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3919	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3920	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3921	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3922	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3923	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3924	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3925
3926	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3927	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3928	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3929	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3930	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3931	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3932
3933	REAL(wp), &
3934	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3935	tmp_2d !<
3936
3937	REAL(wp), &
3938	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3939	tmp_3d !<
3940
3941	REAL(wp), &
3942	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3943	tmp_3d2 !<
3944
3945	REAL(wp), &
3946	DIMENSION(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3947	tmp_walltype_1d !<
3948
3949	REAL(wp), &
3950	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3951	tmp_walltype_2d !<
3952
3953	REAL(wp), &
3954	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3955	tmp_walltype_2d2 !<
3956
3957
3958	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3959	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3960
3961	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3962
3963	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3964
3965	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3966	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3967	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3968	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3969	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3970	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3971	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3972	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3973
3974	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3975
3976
3977	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3978	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3979	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3980	ENDIF
3981	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3982	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3983	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3984
3985	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3986	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3987	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3988	ENDIF
3989	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3990	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3991	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3992
3993	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3994	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3995	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3996	ENDIF
3997	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3998	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3999	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4000
4001	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
4002	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
4003	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4004	ENDIF
4005	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4006	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4007	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4008
4009	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
4010	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_1d !tmp_2d
4011	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4012	tmp_walltype_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4013
4014	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
4015	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
4016	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4017	ENDIF
4018	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4019	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4020	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4021
4022	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
4023	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
4024	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4025	ENDIF
4026	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4027	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4028	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4029
4030	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
4031	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d2(:,:)
4032	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4033	tmp_walltype_2d2(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4034
4035	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
4036	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
4037	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4038	ENDIF
4039	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4040	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4041	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
4042	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4043
4044	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
4045	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
4046	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4047	ENDIF
4048	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4049	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4050	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4051
4052	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
4053	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
4054	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4055	ENDIF
4056	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4057	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4058	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4059	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
4060	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
4061	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4062	ENDIF
4063	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4064	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4065	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4066
4067	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
4068	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
4069	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4070	ENDIF
4071	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4072	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4073	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4074
4075	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
4076	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
4077	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4078	ENDIF
4079	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4080	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4081	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4082
4083	CASE ( 't_soil' )
4084	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d(:,:)
4085	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4086	tmp_walltype_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4087
4088	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
4089	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4090	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4091	ENDIF
4092	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4093	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4094	tmp_3d2(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
4095	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4096
4097
4098	CASE DEFAULT
4099	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
4100	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
4101	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
4102	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0302', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
4103	0 )
4104
4105	END SELECT
4106
4107	ENDDO
4108
4109	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4110
4111	ENDDO
4112	ENDIF
4113
4114	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
4115
4116	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4117	! Description:
4118	! ------------
4119	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
4120	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
4121	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
4122	!> 2012)
4123	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4124	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4125
4126	USE control_parameters, &
4127	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
4128
4129	IMPLICIT NONE
4130
4131	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
4132	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
4133	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
4134
4135	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
4136	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
4137	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
4138	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
4139
4140	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
4141
4142	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
4143	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
4144
4145	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
4146
4147	!
4148	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
4149	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
4150	!-- length
4151	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
4152	!
4153	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
4154	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
4155	!
4156	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
4157	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
4158
4159	!
4160	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
4161	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
4162	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
4163	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
4164	! ENDIF
4165
4166	!
4167	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
4168	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
4169	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
4170	!-- Charnock relation is used.
4171	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4172	surf_lsm_h%us(m) ) &
4173	+ ( alpha_ch * surf_lsm_h%us(m)**2 / g )
4174
4175	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4176	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4177	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4178	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4179
4180	ENDIF
4181	ENDDO
4182
4183	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4184
4185
4186
4187	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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