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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1980

Last change on this file since 1980 was 1979, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1979 2016-07-29 12:08:51Z suehring $
26	!
27	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
28	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
29	!
30	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
31	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
32	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
33	!
34	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
35	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
36	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
37	!
38	!
39	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
40	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
41	!
42	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
43	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
44	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
45	!
46	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
47	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
48	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
49	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
50	!
51	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
52	! prr moved to arrays_3d
53	!
54	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
55	! Cleanup after modularization
56	!
57	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
58	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
59	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
60	!
61	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
62	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
63	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
64	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
65	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
66	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
67	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
68	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
69	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
70	! Syntax layout improved.
71	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
72	!
73	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
74	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
75	!
76	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
77	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
78	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
79	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
80	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
81	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
82	!
83	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
84	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
85	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
86	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
87	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
88	! Added todo action
89	!
90	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
91	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
92	!
93	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
94	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
95	! Replaced rif with ol
96	!
97	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
98	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
99	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
100	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
101	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
102	!
103	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
104	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
105	!
106	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
107	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
108	!
109	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
110	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
111	!
112	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
113	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
114	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
115	!
116	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
117	! Added output of r_a and r_s
118	!
119	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
120	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
121	! profile
122	!
123	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
124	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
125	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
126	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
127	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
128	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
129	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
130	! calculation
131	!
132	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
133	!
134	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
135	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
136	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
137	! Added support for dry runs.
138	!
139	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
140	! Initial revision
141	!
142	!
143	! Description:
144	! ------------
145	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
146	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
147	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
148	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
149	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
150	!>
151	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
152	!> skin layer.
153	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
154	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
155	!> nzt_soil=3)).
156	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
157	!> with considerable precipitation.
158	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
159	!>
160	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
161	!> become too thin.
162	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
163	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
164
165	USE arrays_3d, &
166	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
167	z0h, z0q
168
169	USE cloud_parameters, &
170	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
171
172	USE control_parameters, &
173	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
174	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
175	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
176	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
177	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
178
179	USE indices, &
180	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
181
182	USE kinds
183
184	USE pegrid
185
186	USE radiation_model_mod, &
187	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
188	rad_lw_out_change_0, unscheduled_radiation_calls
189
190	USE statistics, &
191	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
192
193	IMPLICIT NONE
194
195	!
196	!-- LSM model constants
197	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
198	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
199	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
200
201	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
202	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
203	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
204	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
205	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
206	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
207	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
208	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
209	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
210
211
212	!
213	!-- LSM variables
214	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
215	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
216
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
218	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
219
220	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
221	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
222	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
223
224	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
225	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
226	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
227
228	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
229	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
230	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
231	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
232	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
233	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
234	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
235	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
236	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
237	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
238	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
239	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
240	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
241	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
242	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
243	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
244	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
245	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
246	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
247	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
248	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
249	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
250	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
251	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
252	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
253	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
254	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
255	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
256	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
257	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
258	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
259	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
260	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
261	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
262	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
263	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
264
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
266	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
267	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
268	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
269	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
270	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
271	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
272	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
273
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
275	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
276	283.0_wp /), &
277	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
278	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
279
280	#if defined( __nopointer )
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
282	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
283	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
284	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
285	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
286	#else
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
288	t_surface_p, &
289	m_liq_eb, &
290	m_liq_eb_p
291
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
293	m_liq_eb_av, &
294	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
295	#endif
296
297	!
298	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
300	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
301
302	!
303	!-- Energy balance variables
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
305	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
306	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
307	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
308	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
309	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
310	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
311	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
312	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
313	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
314	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
315	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
316	lai, & !< leaf area index
317	lai_av, & !< average of lai
318	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
319	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
320	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
321	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
322	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
323	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
324	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
325	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
326	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
327	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
328	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
329	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
330	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
331	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
332	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
333	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
334	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
335	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
336	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
337	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
338	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
339	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
340	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
341	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
342	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
343	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
344	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
345
346
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
348	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
349	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
350	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
351	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
352
353	#if defined( __nopointer )
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
355	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
356	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
357	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
358	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
359	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
360	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
361	#else
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
363	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
364	m_soil, m_soil_p
365
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
367	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
368	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
369	#endif
370
371
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
373	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
374	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
375	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
376
377
378	!
379	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
380	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
381	'user defined ', & ! 0
382	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
383	'short grass ', & ! 2
384	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
385	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
386	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
387	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
388	'tall grass ', & ! 7
389	'desert ', & ! 8
390	'tundra ', & ! 9
391	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
392	'semidesert ', & ! 11
393	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
394	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
395	'inland water ', & ! 14
396	'ocean ', & ! 15
397	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
398	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
399	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
400	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
401	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
402	/)
403
404	!
405	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
406	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
407	'user defined', & ! 0
408	'coarse ', & ! 1
409	'medium ', & ! 2
410	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
411	'fine ', & ! 4
412	'very fine ', & ! 5
413	'organic ', & ! 6
414	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
415	/)
416	!
417	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
418
419	!
420	!-- Land surface parameters I
421	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
423	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
424	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
425	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
426	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
427	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
428	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
429	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
430	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
431	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
432	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
433	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
434	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
435	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
436	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
437	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
438	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
439	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
440	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
441	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
442	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
443	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
444
445	!
446	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
448	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
449	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
450	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
451	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
452	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
453	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
454	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
455	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
456	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
457	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
458	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
459	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
460	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
461	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
462	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
463	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
464	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
465	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
466	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
467	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
468	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
469
470	!
471	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
472	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
473	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
474	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
475	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
476	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
477	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
478	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
479	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
480	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
481	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
482	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
483	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
484	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
485	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
486	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
487	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
488	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
489	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
490	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
491	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
492	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
493	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
494
495	!
496	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
497	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
498	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
499	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
500	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
501	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
502	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
503	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
504	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
505	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
506	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
507	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
508	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
509	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
510	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
511	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
512	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
513	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
514	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
515	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
516	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
517	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
518	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
519
520	!
521	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
522
523	!
524	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
525	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
526	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
527	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
528	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
529	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
530	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
531	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
532	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
533	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
534
535	!
536	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
537	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
538	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
539	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
540	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
541	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
542	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
543	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
544	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
545	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
546
547
548	SAVE
549
550
551	PRIVATE
552
553
554	!
555	!-- Public functions
556	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
557	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
558	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
559	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
560	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
561	!
562	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
563	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
564
565	!
566	!-- Public grid variables
567	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
568
569	!
570	!-- Public 2D output variables
571	PUBLIC ghf_eb, qsws_eb, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_soil_eb,qsws_veg_eb, r_a, r_s, &
572	shf_eb
573
574	!
575	!-- Public prognostic variables
576	PUBLIC m_soil, t_soil
577
578
579	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
580	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
581	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
582
583	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
584	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
585	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
586
587	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
588	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
589	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
590
591	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
592	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
593	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
594
595	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
596	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
597	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
598
599	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
600	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
601	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
602
603	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
604	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
605	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
606
607	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
608	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
609	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
610
611	INTERFACE lsm_header
612	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
613	END INTERFACE lsm_header
614
615	INTERFACE lsm_init
616	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
617	END INTERFACE lsm_init
618
619	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
620	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
621	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
622
623	INTERFACE lsm_parin
624	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
625	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
626
627	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
628	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
629	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
630
631	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
632	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
633	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
634
635	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
636	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
637	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
638
639	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
640	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
641	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
642
643	CONTAINS
644
645	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
646	! Description:
647	! ------------
648	!> Check data output for land surface model
649	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
650	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
651
652
653	USE control_parameters, &
654	ONLY: data_output, message_string
655
656	IMPLICIT NONE
657
658	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
659	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
660
661	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
662	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
663	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
664
665	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
666
667	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
668	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
669	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
670	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
671	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
672	ENDIF
673	unit = 'm3/m3'
674
675	CASE ( 't_soil' )
676	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
677	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
678	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
679	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
680	ENDIF
681	unit = 'K'
682
683	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
684	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
685	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
686	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
687	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
688	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
689	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
690	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
691	ENDIF
692	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
693	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
694	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
695	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
696	ENDIF
697	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
698	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
699	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
700	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
701	ENDIF
702	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
703	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
704	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
705	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
706	ENDIF
707	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
708	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
709	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
710	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
711	ENDIF
712	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
713	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
714	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
715	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
716	ENDIF
717	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
718	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
719	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
720	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
721	ENDIF
722	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
723	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
724	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
725	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
726	ENDIF
727	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
728	THEN
729	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
730	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
731	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
732	ENDIF
733	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
734	THEN
735	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
736	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
737	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
738	ENDIF
739	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
740	THEN
741	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
742	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
743	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
744	ENDIF
745	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
746	THEN
747	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
748	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
749	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
750	ENDIF
751	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
752	THEN
753	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
754	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
755	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
756	ENDIF
757
758	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
759	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
760	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
763	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
764	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
765	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
766	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
768	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
769	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
770	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
771
772	CASE DEFAULT
773	unit = 'illegal'
774
775	END SELECT
776
777
778	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
779
780
781	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
782	! Description:
783	! ------------
784	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
785	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
786	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
787
788	USE control_parameters, &
789	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
790
791	USE indices
792
793	USE profil_parameter
794
795	USE statistics
796
797	IMPLICIT NONE
798
799	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
800	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
801	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
802
803	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
804	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
805
806	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
807
808	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
809	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
810	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
811	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
812	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
813	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
814	ELSE
815	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
816	dopr_unit = 'K'
817	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
818	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
819	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
820	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
821	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
822	ENDIF
823	unit = dopr_unit
824	ENDIF
825
826	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
827	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
828	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
829	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
830	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
831	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
832	ELSE
833	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
834	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
835	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
836	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
837	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
838	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
839	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
840	ENDIF
841	unit = dopr_unit
842	ENDIF
843
844
845	CASE DEFAULT
846	unit = 'illegal'
847
848	END SELECT
849
850
851	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
852
853
854	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
855	! Description:
856	! ------------
857	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
858	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
859	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
860
861	USE control_parameters, &
862	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
863	most_method, topography
864
865	USE radiation_model_mod, &
866	ONLY: radiation
867
868
869	IMPLICIT NONE
870
871
872	!
873	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
874	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
875	!-- model
876	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
877	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
878	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
879	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
880	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
881	ENDIF
882
883	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
884	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
885	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
886	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
887	ENDIF
888
889	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
890	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
891	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
892	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
893	ENDIF
894
895	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
896	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
897	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
898	'allowed in combination with ', &
899	'most_method = ', most_method
900	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
901	ENDIF
902
903	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
904	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
905	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
906	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
907	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
908	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
909	ENDIF
910
911	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
912	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
913	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
914	'/= 9999999.9'
915	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
916	ENDIF
917
918	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
919	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
920	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
921	'/= 9999999.9'
922	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
923	ENDIF
924
925	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
926	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
927	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
928	'/= 9999999.9'
929	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
930	ENDIF
931
932	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
933	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
934	'requires setting of'// &
935	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
936	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
937	ENDIF
938
939	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
940	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
941	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
942	'/= 9999999.9'
943	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
944	ENDIF
945
946	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
947	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
948	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
949	'/= 9999999.9'
950	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
951	ENDIF
952
953	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
954	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
955	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
956	'/= 9999999.9'
957	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
958	ENDIF
959
960	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
961	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
962	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
963	'/= 9999999.9'
964	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
965	ENDIF
966
967	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
968	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
969	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
970	'/= 9999999.9'
971	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
972	ENDIF
973
974
975	ENDIF
976
977	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
978
979	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
980	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
981	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
982	'/= 9999999.9'
983	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
984	ENDIF
985
986	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
987	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
988	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
989	'/= 9999999.9'
990	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
991	ENDIF
992
993	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
994	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
995	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
996	'/= 9999999.9'
997	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
998	ENDIF
999
1000	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1001	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1002	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1003	'/= 9999999.9'
1004	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1005	ENDIF
1006
1007	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1008	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1009	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1010	'/= 9999999.9'
1011	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1012	ENDIF
1013
1014	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1015	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1016	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1017	'/= 9999999.9'
1018	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1019	ENDIF
1020
1021	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1022	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1023	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1024	'/= 9999999.9'
1025	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1026	ENDIF
1027
1028	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1029	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1030	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1031	'/= 9999999.9'
1032	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1033	ENDIF
1034
1035	ENDIF
1036
1037	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1038	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1039	'radiation = .T.'
1040	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1041	ENDIF
1042
1043
1044	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1045
1046	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1047	! Description:
1048	! ------------
1049	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1050	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1051	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1052
1053
1054	IMPLICIT NONE
1055
1056	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1057	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1058	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
1059
1060	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1061	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1062	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1063	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1064	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1065	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1066	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1067	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1068	tend, & !< tendency
1069	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1070	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1071	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1072	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1073	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1074	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1075	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1076	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1077	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1078	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1079	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1080	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1081
1082	!
1083	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1084	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1085
1086	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1087	DO j = nysg, nyng
1088	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1089
1090	!
1091	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1092	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1093
1094	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1095
1096	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
1097	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
1098	ELSE
1099	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
1100	ENDIF
1101	ELSE
1102
1103	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1104	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1105
1106	ENDIF
1107
1108	!
1109	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1110	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1111	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1112	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1113	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1114	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1115	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
1116	ELSE
1117	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1118	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
1119	ENDIF
1120
1121	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
1122
1123	!
1124	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1125	!-- stratification
1126	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
1127
1128	!
1129	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1130	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1131
1132	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1133	!-- night)
1134	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
1135	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
1136	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1137
1138
1139
1140	!
1141	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1142	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1143	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1144	m_total = 0.0_wp
1145	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1146	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
1147	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
1148	ENDDO
1149
1150	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1151	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
1152	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1153	f2 = 1.0_wp
1154	ELSE
1155	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1156	ENDIF
1157
1158	!
1159	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1160	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1161	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1162
1163	!
1164	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1165	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1166	!
1167	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1168	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1169	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1170	ELSE
1171	f3 = 1.0_wp
1172	ENDIF
1173
1174	!
1175	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1176	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1177	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1178	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1179	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1180
1181	!
1182	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1183	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1184	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
1185	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1186	m_res(j,i)
1187	ELSE
1188	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1189	ENDIF
1190
1191	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1192	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1193	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1194
1195	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1196
1197	!
1198	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1199	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1200	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1201	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1202	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1203	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1204	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1205	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1206	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1207	ELSE
1208	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
1209	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
1210	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
1211	ENDIF
1212
1213	!
1214	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1215	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1216
1217	!
1218	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1219	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1220	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1221	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1222	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1223	ENDIF
1224
1225	!
1226	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1227	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1228	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1229	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1230	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1231	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1232	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
1233	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
1234	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1235	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1236	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1237	ELSE
1238	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1239	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1240	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1241	r_soil(j,i))
1242	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1243	ENDIF
1244	!
1245	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1246	!-- transpirate.
1247	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1248	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1249	! ENDIF
1250
1251	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1252	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1253
1254	!
1255	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1256	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1257	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1258	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1259
1260	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1261
1262	!
1263	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1264	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1265
1266	!
1267	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1268	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1269
1270	!
1271	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1272	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1273	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1274	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1275	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1276	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1277
1278	!
1279	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1280	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1281	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1282	ELSE
1283
1284	!
1285	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1286	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1287	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1288	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1289	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1290
1291	!
1292	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1293	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1294
1295	ENDIF
1296
1297	tend = 0.0_wp
1298
1299	!
1300	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1301	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1302	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
1303	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
1304	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1305
1306	!
1307	!-- Add RK3 term
1308	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1309
1310	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1311	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1312
1313	!
1314	!-- Calculate true tendency
1315	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1316	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1317	!
1318	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1319	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1320	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1321	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1322	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1323	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1324	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1325	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1326	ENDIF
1327	ENDIF
1328	ENDIF
1329
1330	!
1331	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1332	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1333	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1334	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1335	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1336	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1337	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1338	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1339	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1340	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1341	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1342	ENDIF
1343
1344	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1345
1346	!
1347	!-- Calculate fluxes
1348	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1349	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1350	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
1351
1352	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
1353	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1354	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
1355
1356	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1357	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1358
1359	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
1360
1361	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
1362
1363	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1364	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1365	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1366
1367	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
1368
1369	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1370	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1371	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1372
1373	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1374	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1375	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1376
1377	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1378	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1379	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1380	ENDIF
1381
1382	!
1383	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1384	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1385	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1386	ELSE
1387	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1388	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1389	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1390	ENDIF
1391
1392	!
1393	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1394	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1395	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1396	!
1397	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1398	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1399	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1400	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1401
1402	!
1403	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1404	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1405	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1406	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1407	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1408	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1409	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1410	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1411	ELSE
1412	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1413	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1414	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1415	ENDIF
1416
1417	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1418	!-- coverage.
1419	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
1420	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1421	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1422	ENDIF
1423
1424	!
1425	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1426	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1427
1428	!
1429	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1430	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1431	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1432	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1433	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1434	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1435	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1436
1437	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1438	ENDIF
1439
1440	!
1441	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1442	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1443	!-- plant
1444	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1445	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1446	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1447	ENDIF
1448	ENDIF
1449
1450	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1451	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1452	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1453
1454	!
1455	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1456	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1457	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1458
1459	!
1460	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1461	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1462	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1463
1464
1465	!
1466	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1467	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1468	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1469	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1470	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1471	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1472	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1473	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1474	ENDIF
1475	ENDIF
1476
1477	ENDIF
1478
1479	ENDDO
1480	ENDDO
1481
1482	!
1483	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1484	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1485	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1486	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1487	#if defined( __parallel )
1488	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1489	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1490	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1491	#else
1492	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1493	#endif
1494	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1495	ENDIF
1496
1497	!
1498	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1499	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1500	CALL calc_q_surface
1501	ENDIF
1502
1503	!
1504	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1505	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1506
1507
1508	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1509
1510
1511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1512	! Description:
1513	! ------------
1514	!> Header output for land surface model
1515	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1516	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1517
1518
1519	IMPLICIT NONE
1520
1521	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1522	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1523	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1524	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1525	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1526	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1527
1528	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1529
1530	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1531
1532	t_soil_chr = ''
1533	m_soil_chr = ''
1534	soil_depth_chr = ''
1535	roots_chr = ''
1536	vertical_index_chr = ''
1537
1538	i = 1
1539	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1540	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1541	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1542
1543	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1544	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1545
1546	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1547	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1548
1549	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1550	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1551
1552	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1553	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1554	TRIM( coor_chr )
1555	ENDDO
1556
1557	!
1558	!-- Write land surface model header
1559	WRITE( io, 1 )
1560	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1561	WRITE( io, 2 )
1562	ELSE
1563	WRITE( io, 3 )
1564	ENDIF
1565
1566	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1567	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1568	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1569	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1570	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1571
1572	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1573	' ------------------------------'/)
1574	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1575	', default)')
1576	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1577	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1578	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1579	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1580	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1581	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1582	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1583	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1584	' Grid point: ',A)
1585
1586	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1587
1588
1589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1590	! Description:
1591	! ------------
1592	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1593	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1594	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1595
1596
1597	IMPLICIT NONE
1598
1599	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1600	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1601	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1602
1603	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1604
1605
1606	!
1607	!-- Calculate Exner function
1608	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1609
1610
1611	!
1612	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1613	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1614	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1615	ENDIF
1616
1617	!
1618	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1619	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1620	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1621	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1622	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1623
1624	!
1625	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1626	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
1627	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1628	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1629	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
1630	c_liq = 0.0_wp
1631
1632	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1633	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
1634
1635	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1636	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
1637	ELSE
1638	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1639	ENDIF
1640
1641	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1642	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1643	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1644
1645	r_a = 50.0_wp
1646	r_s = 50.0_wp
1647	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1648	r_soil = 0.0_wp
1649
1650	!
1651	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1652	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1653	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1654	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1655
1656	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1657	!
1658	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1659	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1660	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1661	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1662
1663	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1664	ENDIF
1665
1666	!
1667	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1668	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1669	!-- at the centers
1670	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1671
1672	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1673	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1674	ENDDO
1675	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1676
1677	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1678	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1679	ENDDO
1680	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1681
1682	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1683	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1684
1685	!
1686	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1687	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1688	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1689	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1690
1691	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1692	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1693	ENDIF
1694
1695	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1696	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1697	ENDIF
1698
1699	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1700	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1701	ENDIF
1702
1703	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1704	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1705	ENDIF
1706
1707	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1708	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1709	ENDIF
1710
1711	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1712	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1713	ENDIF
1714
1715	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1716	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1717	ENDIF
1718
1719	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1720	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1721	ENDIF
1722
1723	ENDIF
1724
1725	!
1726	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1727	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1728	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1729	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1730	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1731	m_sat = saturation_moisture
1732	m_fc = field_capacity
1733	m_wilt = wilting_point
1734	m_res = residual_moisture
1735	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1736
1737	!
1738	!-- Initial run actions
1739	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1740
1741	t_soil = 0.0_wp
1742	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1743	m_soil = 0.0_wp
1744
1745	!
1746	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1747	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1748	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1749	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1750	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1751	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
1752	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1753	ENDDO
1754	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1755
1756	!
1757	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1758	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
1759
1760	!
1761	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1762	!-- for the first time step
1763	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1764	DO j = nysg, nyng
1765	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1766
1767	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1768	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1769	ELSE
1770	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1771	ENDIF
1772
1773	!
1774	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
1775	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
1776
1777	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
1778	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
1779	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
1780	ENDDO
1781	ENDDO
1782
1783	!
1784	!-- Actions for restart runs
1785	ELSE
1786
1787	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1788	DO j = nysg, nyng
1789	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1790	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
1791	ENDDO
1792	ENDDO
1793
1794	ENDIF
1795
1796	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1797	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
1798	ENDDO
1799
1800	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
1801	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1802	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
1803	ENDIF
1804	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1805	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
1806	ENDIF
1807	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1808	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
1809	ENDIF
1810	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1811	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
1812	ENDIF
1813	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1814	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
1815	ENDIF
1816	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1817	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
1818	ENDIF
1819	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1820	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
1821	ENDIF
1822	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1823	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1824	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1825	ENDIF
1826	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1827	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
1828	ENDIF
1829	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1830	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
1831	ENDIF
1832	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
1833
1834	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1835	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1836	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1837	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1838	ENDDO
1839	ENDIF
1840
1841	ELSE
1842
1843	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1844	z0_eb = roughness_length
1845	ENDIF
1846	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1847	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1848	ENDIF
1849	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1850	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1851	ENDIF
1852
1853	ENDIF
1854
1855	!
1856	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
1857	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
1858	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
1859	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1860	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
1861	ELSE
1862	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
1863	ENDIF
1864	ENDIF
1865
1866	!
1867	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
1868	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
1869	veg_type_2d = veg_type
1870	soil_type_2d = soil_type
1871
1872	!
1873	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
1874	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
1875	lai = leaf_area_index
1876	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
1877	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
1878	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
1879	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
1880	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
1881	z0 = z0_eb
1882	z0h = z0h_eb
1883	z0q = z0q_eb
1884
1885	!
1886	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
1887	CALL user_init_land_surface
1888
1889	!
1890	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
1891	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
1892	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1893	DO j = nysg, nyng
1894	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
1895	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1896	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
1897	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
1898	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1899	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1900	ENDIF
1901
1902	ENDDO
1903	ENDDO
1904
1905	!
1906	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1907	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1908
1909	t_soil_p = t_soil
1910	m_soil_p = m_soil
1911	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
1912	t_surface_p = t_surface
1913
1914
1915
1916	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
1917	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
1918	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1919	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1920	statistic_regions+1 )
1921	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1922	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1923	statistic_regions+1 )
1924
1925	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1926
1927
1928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1929	! Description:
1930	! ------------
1931	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
1932	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1933	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
1934
1935
1936	IMPLICIT NONE
1937
1938	!
1939	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
1940	#if defined( __nopointer )
1941	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1942	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1943	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1944	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1945	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1946	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1947	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1948	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1949	#else
1950	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1951	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1952	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1953	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1954	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1955	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1956	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1957	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1958	#endif
1959
1960	!
1961	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
1962	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1963	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1964	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1965	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1966
1967	!
1968	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
1969	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1970	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1971	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1972	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1973	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1974	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1975	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1976	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1977	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1978	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1979	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1980	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1981	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1982	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1983	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1984	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1985	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1986	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1987	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1988	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1989	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1990	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1991	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1992	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1993	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1994	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1995	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1996	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1997	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1998	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1999	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2000	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2001	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2002
2003	water_surface = .FALSE.
2004	pave_surface = .FALSE.
2005
2006	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2007	!
2008	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2009	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2010	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2011	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2012	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2013	#endif
2014
2015
2016	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2017
2018
2019	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2020	! Description:
2021	! ------------
2022	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2023	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2024	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2025
2026
2027	IMPLICIT NONE
2028
2029	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2030
2031	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2032	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2033	conserve_water_content, &
2034	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2035	hydraulic_conductivity, &
2036	lambda_surface_stable, &
2037	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2038	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2039	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2040	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2041	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2042	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2043	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2044	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2045	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2046	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2047
2048	line = ' '
2049
2050	!
2051	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2052	REWIND ( 11 )
2053	line = ' '
2054	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2055	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2056	ENDDO
2057	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2058
2059	!
2060	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2061	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2062
2063	!
2064	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2065	land_surface = .TRUE.
2066
2067	10 CONTINUE
2068
2069
2070	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2071
2072
2073	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2074	! Description:
2075	! ------------
2076	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2077	!> temperature and water content.
2078	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2079	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2080
2081
2082	IMPLICIT NONE
2083
2084	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2085	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2086	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2087
2088	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2089
2090	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2091	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2092	tend !< tendency
2093
2094	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2095	DO j = nysg, nyng
2096
2097	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2098	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2099	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2100	ENDIF
2101
2102	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2103	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2104
2105
2106	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2107
2108	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2109	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2110
2111	ELSE
2112	!
2113	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2114	!-- into account water content
2115	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
2116	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
2117
2118	!
2119	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2120	!-- layers
2121	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
2122	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
2123
2124	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
2125	/ m_sat(j,i)))
2126
2127	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2128	lambda_h_dry
2129	ENDIF
2130
2131	ENDDO
2132
2133	!
2134	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2135	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2136	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2137	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2138	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2139	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2140	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
2141	* lambda_temp(k) &
2142	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2143	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2144	ELSE
2145	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2146	* 0.5_wp
2147	ENDIF
2148	ENDDO
2149	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154	!
2155	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2156	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2157
2158	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
2159	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
2160	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2161	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2162
2163	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2164	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
2165	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
2166	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
2167	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2168	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
2169	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
2170	* ddz_soil(k) &
2171	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2172
2173	ENDDO
2174
2175	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2176	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2177	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2178	+ tsc(3) &
2179	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2180
2181	!
2182	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2183	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2184	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2185	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2186	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2187	ENDDO
2188	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2189	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2190	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2191	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2192	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
2193	ENDDO
2194	ENDIF
2195	ENDIF
2196
2197
2198	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2199
2200	!
2201	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2202	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
2203	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
2204	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
2205	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2206
2207	!
2208	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2209	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2210	!
2211	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2212	!-- (1980)
2213	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
2214	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
2215	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
2216	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
2217
2218
2219	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
2220	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
2221	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
2222	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
2223	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2224	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
2225	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2226	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2230	ELSE
2231	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
2232	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2233	ENDIF
2234
2235	ENDDO
2236
2237	!
2238	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2239	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2240	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2241	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2242	!
2243	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2244	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2245	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2246	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2247
2248	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2249	* 0.5_wp
2250	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
2251	* 0.5_wp
2252
2253	ENDDO
2254
2255	!
2256	!
2257	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2258	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2259	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2260	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2261	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2262	ELSE
2263	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2264	ENDIF
2265
2266	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2267	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2268	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2269	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2270	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2271	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2272	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2273	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2274
2275	!
2276	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2277	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2278	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2279	!-- additional check.
2280	m_total = 0.0_wp
2281	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2282	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2283	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
2284	ENDIF
2285	ENDDO
2286
2287	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2288	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2289	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2290	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
2291	/ m_total
2292	ELSE
2293	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2294	ENDIF
2295	ENDDO
2296	ENDIF
2297
2298	!
2299	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
2300	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2301
2302	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
2303	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
2304	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
2305	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
2306	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2307	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2308
2309	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2310	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
2311	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2312	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
2313	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
2314	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2315	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
2316	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
2317	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2318
2319	ENDDO
2320	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2321	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
2322	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2323	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
2324	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2325	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
2326	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2327	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
2328	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2329
2330	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2331	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2332	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2333
2334	!
2335	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2336	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2337	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2338	ENDDO
2339
2340	!
2341	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2342	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2343	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2344	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2345	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2346	ENDDO
2347	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2348	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2349	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2350	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
2351	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
2352	ENDDO
2353	ENDIF
2354	ENDIF
2355
2356	ENDIF
2357
2358	ENDIF
2359
2360	ENDDO
2361	ENDDO
2362
2363	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2364
2365
2366	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2367	! Description:
2368	! ------------
2369	!> Swapping of timelevels
2370	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2371	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2372
2373	IMPLICIT NONE
2374
2375	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2376
2377	#if defined( __nopointer )
2378
2379	t_surface = t_surface_p
2380	t_soil = t_soil_p
2381	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2382	m_soil = m_soil_p
2383	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
2384	ENDIF
2385
2386	#else
2387
2388	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2389
2390	CASE ( 0 )
2391
2392	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2393	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2394	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2395	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2396	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2397	ENDIF
2398
2399
2400	CASE ( 1 )
2401
2402	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
2403	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
2404	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2405	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
2406	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
2407	ENDIF
2408
2409	END SELECT
2410	#endif
2411
2412	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2418	!
2419	! Description:
2420	! ------------
2421	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
2422	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2423	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2424
2425
2426	USE control_parameters
2427
2428	USE indices
2429
2430	USE kinds
2431
2432	IMPLICIT NONE
2433
2434	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2435	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2436
2437	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2438	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2439	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2440
2441	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2442
2443	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2444
2445	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2446	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2447	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2448	ENDIF
2449	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2450
2451	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2452	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2453	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2454	ENDIF
2455	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2456
2457	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2458	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2459	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2460	ENDIF
2461	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2462
2463	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2464	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2465	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2466	ENDIF
2467	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2468
2469	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2470	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2471	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2472	ENDIF
2473	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2474
2475	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2476	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2477	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2478	ENDIF
2479	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2480
2481	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2482	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2483	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2484	ENDIF
2485	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2486
2487	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2488	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
2489	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2490	ENDIF
2491	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2492
2493	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2494	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2495	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2496	ENDIF
2497	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2498
2499	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2500	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
2501	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2502	ENDIF
2503	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2504
2505	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2506	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
2507	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2508	ENDIF
2509	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2510
2511	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2512	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
2513	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2514	ENDIF
2515	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
2516
2517	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2518	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
2519	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2520	ENDIF
2521	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
2522
2523	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2524	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2525	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2526	ENDIF
2527	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2528
2529	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2530	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
2531	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2532	ENDIF
2533	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2534
2535	CASE DEFAULT
2536	CONTINUE
2537
2538	END SELECT
2539
2540	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
2541
2542	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2543
2544	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2545	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2546	DO j = nysg, nyng
2547	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + c_liq(j,i)
2548	ENDDO
2549	ENDDO
2550
2551	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2552	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2553	DO j = nysg, nyng
2554	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - c_veg(j,i))
2555	ENDDO
2556	ENDDO
2557
2558	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2559	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2560	DO j = nysg, nyng
2561	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + c_veg(j,i)
2562	ENDDO
2563	ENDDO
2564
2565	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2566	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2567	DO j = nysg, nyng
2568	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + ghf_eb(j,i)
2569	ENDDO
2570	ENDDO
2571
2572	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2573	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2574	DO j = nysg, nyng
2575	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + lai(j,i)
2576	ENDDO
2577	ENDDO
2578
2579	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2580	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2581	DO j = nysg, nyng
2582	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb(j,i)
2583	ENDDO
2584	ENDDO
2585
2586	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2587	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2588	DO j = nysg, nyng
2589	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2590	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil(k,j,i)
2591	ENDDO
2592	ENDDO
2593	ENDDO
2594
2595	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2596	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2597	DO j = nysg, nyng
2598	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_eb(j,i)
2599	ENDDO
2600	ENDDO
2601
2602	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2603	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2604	DO j = nysg, nyng
2605	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2606	ENDDO
2607	ENDDO
2608
2609	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2610	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2611	DO j = nysg, nyng
2612	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
2613	ENDDO
2614	ENDDO
2615
2616	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2617	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2618	DO j = nysg, nyng
2619	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
2620	ENDDO
2621	ENDDO
2622
2623	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2624	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2625	DO j = nysg, nyng
2626	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + r_a(j,i)
2627	ENDDO
2628	ENDDO
2629
2630	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2631	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2632	DO j = nysg, nyng
2633	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + r_s(j,i)
2634	ENDDO
2635	ENDDO
2636
2637	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2638	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2639	DO j = nysg, nyng
2640	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + shf_eb(j,i)
2641	ENDDO
2642	ENDDO
2643
2644	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2645	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2646	DO j = nysg, nyng
2647	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2648	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil(k,j,i)
2649	ENDDO
2650	ENDDO
2651	ENDDO
2652
2653	CASE DEFAULT
2654	CONTINUE
2655
2656	END SELECT
2657
2658	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
2659
2660	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2661
2662	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2663	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2664	DO j = nysg, nyng
2665	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2666	ENDDO
2667	ENDDO
2668
2669	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2670	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2671	DO j = nysg, nyng
2672	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2673	ENDDO
2674	ENDDO
2675
2676	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2677	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2678	DO j = nysg, nyng
2679	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2680	ENDDO
2681	ENDDO
2682
2683	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2684	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2685	DO j = nysg, nyng
2686	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2687	ENDDO
2688	ENDDO
2689
2690	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2691	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2692	DO j = nysg, nyng
2693	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2694	ENDDO
2695	ENDDO
2696
2697	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2698	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2699	DO j = nysg, nyng
2700	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2701	ENDDO
2702	ENDDO
2703
2704	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2705	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2706	DO j = nysg, nyng
2707	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2708	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2709	ENDDO
2710	ENDDO
2711	ENDDO
2712
2713	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2714	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2715	DO j = nysg, nyng
2716	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2717	ENDDO
2718	ENDDO
2719
2720	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2721	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2722	DO j = nysg, nyng
2723	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2724	ENDDO
2725	ENDDO
2726
2727	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2728	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2729	DO j = nysg, nyng
2730	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2731	ENDDO
2732	ENDDO
2733
2734	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2735	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2736	DO j = nysg, nyng
2737	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2738	ENDDO
2739	ENDDO
2740
2741	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2742	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2743	DO j = nysg, nyng
2744	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2745	ENDDO
2746	ENDDO
2747
2748	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2749	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2750	DO j = nysg, nyng
2751	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2752	ENDDO
2753	ENDDO
2754
2755	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2756	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2757	DO j = nysg, nyng
2758	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2759	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2760	ENDDO
2761	ENDDO
2762	ENDDO
2763
2764	END SELECT
2765
2766	ENDIF
2767
2768	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
2769
2770
2771	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2772	!
2773	! Description:
2774	! ------------
2775	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
2776	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
2777	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2778	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
2779
2780	IMPLICIT NONE
2781
2782	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
2783	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2784	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
2785	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
2786	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
2787
2788	found = .TRUE.
2789
2790	!
2791	!-- Check for the grid
2792	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
2793
2794	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
2795	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
2796	grid_x = 'x'
2797	grid_y = 'y'
2798	grid_z = 'zs'
2799
2800	CASE DEFAULT
2801	found = .FALSE.
2802	grid_x = 'none'
2803	grid_y = 'none'
2804	grid_z = 'none'
2805	END SELECT
2806
2807	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
2808
2809	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2810	!
2811	! Description:
2812	! ------------
2813	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
2814	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2815	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
2816	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
2817
2818	USE indices
2819
2820	USE kinds
2821
2822
2823	IMPLICIT NONE
2824
2825	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
2826	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2827	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2828
2829	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
2830	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2831	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2832	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2833	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
2834	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
2835
2836	LOGICAL :: found !<
2837	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
2838
2839	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
2840
2841	found = .TRUE.
2842
2843	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2844
2845
2846	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2847	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2848	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2849	DO j = nysg, nyng
2850	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq(j,i) * c_veg(j,i)
2851	ENDDO
2852	ENDDO
2853	ELSE
2854	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2855	DO j = nysg, nyng
2856	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
2857	ENDDO
2858	ENDDO
2859	ENDIF
2860
2861	two_d = .TRUE.
2862	grid = 'zu1'
2863
2864	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2865	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2866	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2867	DO j = nysg, nyng
2868	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)
2869	ENDDO
2870	ENDDO
2871	ELSE
2872	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2873	DO j = nysg, nyng
2874	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
2875	ENDDO
2876	ENDDO
2877	ENDIF
2878
2879	two_d = .TRUE.
2880	grid = 'zu1'
2881
2882	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2883	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2884	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2885	DO j = nysg, nyng
2886	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg(j,i)
2887	ENDDO
2888	ENDDO
2889	ELSE
2890	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2891	DO j = nysg, nyng
2892	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
2893	ENDDO
2894	ENDDO
2895	ENDIF
2896
2897	two_d = .TRUE.
2898	grid = 'zu1'
2899
2900	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2901	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2902	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2903	DO j = nysg, nyng
2904	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb(j,i)
2905	ENDDO
2906	ENDDO
2907	ELSE
2908	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2909	DO j = nysg, nyng
2910	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
2911	ENDDO
2912	ENDDO
2913	ENDIF
2914
2915	two_d = .TRUE.
2916	grid = 'zu1'
2917
2918	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2919	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2920	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2921	DO j = nysg, nyng
2922	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai(j,i)
2923	ENDDO
2924	ENDDO
2925	ELSE
2926	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2927	DO j = nysg, nyng
2928	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
2929	ENDDO
2930	ENDDO
2931	ENDIF
2932
2933	two_d = .TRUE.
2934	grid = 'zu1'
2935
2936	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2937	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2938	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2939	DO j = nysg, nyng
2940	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb(j,i)
2941	ENDDO
2942	ENDDO
2943	ELSE
2944	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2945	DO j = nysg, nyng
2946	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2947	ENDDO
2948	ENDDO
2949	ENDIF
2950
2951	two_d = .TRUE.
2952	grid = 'zu1'
2953
2954	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
2955	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2956	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2957	DO j = nysg, nyng
2958	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2959	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
2960	ENDDO
2961	ENDDO
2962	ENDDO
2963	ELSE
2964	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2965	DO j = nysg, nyng
2966	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2967	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
2968	ENDDO
2969	ENDDO
2970	ENDDO
2971	ENDIF
2972
2973	nzb_do = nzb_soil
2974	nzt_do = nzt_soil
2975
2976	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
2977
2978	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2979	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2980	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2981	DO j = nysg, nyng
2982	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb(j,i)
2983	ENDDO
2984	ENDDO
2985	ELSE
2986	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2987	DO j = nysg, nyng
2988	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
2989	ENDDO
2990	ENDDO
2991	ENDIF
2992
2993	two_d = .TRUE.
2994	grid = 'zu1'
2995
2996	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2997	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2998	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2999	DO j = nysg, nyng
3000	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
3001	ENDDO
3002	ENDDO
3003	ELSE
3004	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3005	DO j = nysg, nyng
3006	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3007	ENDDO
3008	ENDDO
3009	ENDIF
3010
3011	two_d = .TRUE.
3012	grid = 'zu1'
3013
3014	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3015	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3016	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3017	DO j = nysg, nyng
3018	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
3019	ENDDO
3020	ENDDO
3021	ELSE
3022	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3023	DO j = nysg, nyng
3024	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3025	ENDDO
3026	ENDDO
3027	ENDIF
3028
3029	two_d = .TRUE.
3030	grid = 'zu1'
3031
3032	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3033	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3034	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3035	DO j = nysg, nyng
3036	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
3037	ENDDO
3038	ENDDO
3039	ELSE
3040	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3041	DO j = nysg, nyng
3042	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3043	ENDDO
3044	ENDDO
3045	ENDIF
3046
3047	two_d = .TRUE.
3048	grid = 'zu1'
3049
3050
3051	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3052	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3053	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3054	DO j = nysg, nyng
3055	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a(j,i)
3056	ENDDO
3057	ENDDO
3058	ELSE
3059	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3060	DO j = nysg, nyng
3061	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3062	ENDDO
3063	ENDDO
3064	ENDIF
3065
3066	two_d = .TRUE.
3067	grid = 'zu1'
3068
3069	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3070	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3071	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3072	DO j = nysg, nyng
3073	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s(j,i)
3074	ENDDO
3075	ENDDO
3076	ELSE
3077	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3078	DO j = nysg, nyng
3079	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3080	ENDDO
3081	ENDDO
3082	ENDIF
3083
3084	two_d = .TRUE.
3085	grid = 'zu1'
3086
3087	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3088	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3089	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3090	DO j = nysg, nyng
3091	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb(j,i)
3092	ENDDO
3093	ENDDO
3094	ELSE
3095	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3096	DO j = nysg, nyng
3097	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3098	ENDDO
3099	ENDDO
3100	ENDIF
3101
3102	two_d = .TRUE.
3103	grid = 'zu1'
3104
3105	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3106	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3107	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3108	DO j = nysg, nyng
3109	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3110	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3111	ENDDO
3112	ENDDO
3113	ENDDO
3114	ELSE
3115	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3116	DO j = nysg, nyng
3117	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3118	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3119	ENDDO
3120	ENDDO
3121	ENDDO
3122	ENDIF
3123
3124	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3125	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3126
3127	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3128
3129	CASE DEFAULT
3130	found = .FALSE.
3131	grid = 'none'
3132
3133	END SELECT
3134
3135	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3136
3137
3138	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3139	!
3140	! Description:
3141	! ------------
3142	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3143	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3144	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3145
3146
3147	USE indices
3148
3149	USE kinds
3150
3151
3152	IMPLICIT NONE
3153
3154	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3155
3156	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3157	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3158	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3159	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3160
3161	LOGICAL :: found !<
3162
3163	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3164
3165
3166	found = .TRUE.
3167
3168
3169	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3170
3171
3172	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3173
3174	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3175	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3176	DO j = nysg, nyng
3177	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3178	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
3179	ENDDO
3180	ENDDO
3181	ENDDO
3182	ELSE
3183	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3184	DO j = nysg, nyng
3185	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3186	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3187	ENDDO
3188	ENDDO
3189	ENDDO
3190	ENDIF
3191
3192	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3193
3194	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3195	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3196	DO j = nysg, nyng
3197	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3198	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3199	ENDDO
3200	ENDDO
3201	ENDDO
3202	ELSE
3203	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3204	DO j = nysg, nyng
3205	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3206	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3207	ENDDO
3208	ENDDO
3209	ENDDO
3210	ENDIF
3211
3212
3213	CASE DEFAULT
3214	found = .FALSE.
3215
3216	END SELECT
3217
3218
3219	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3220
3221
3222	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3223	!
3224	! Description:
3225	! ------------
3226	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3227	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3228	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3229
3230
3231	USE control_parameters
3232
3233	USE kinds
3234
3235	IMPLICIT NONE
3236
3237	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3238	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3239	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3240	ENDIF
3241	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3242	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3243	ENDIF
3244	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3245	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3246	ENDIF
3247	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3248	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3249	ENDIF
3250	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3251	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3252	ENDIF
3253	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb
3254	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3255	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3256	ENDIF
3257	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil
3258	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3259	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3260	ENDIF
3261	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3262	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3263	ENDIF
3264	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3265	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3266	ENDIF
3267	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3268	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3269	ENDIF
3270	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3271	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3272	ENDIF
3273	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3274	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3275	ENDIF
3276	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil
3277	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3278	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3279	ENDIF
3280
3281	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3282
3283	ENDIF
3284
3285	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3286
3287
3288	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3289	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3290	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3291	tmp_2d )
3292
3293
3294	USE control_parameters
3295
3296	USE indices
3297
3298	USE kinds
3299
3300	USE pegrid
3301
3302	IMPLICIT NONE
3303
3304	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3305
3306	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3307	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3308	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3309	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3310	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3311	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3312	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3313	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3314	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3315	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3316	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3317	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3318	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3319	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3320	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3321
3322	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3323	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3324	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3325	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3326	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3327	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3328
3329	REAL(wp), &
3330	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3331	tmp_2d !<
3332
3333	REAL(wp), &
3334	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3335	tmp_3d !<
3336
3337	REAL(wp), &
3338	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3339	tmp_3d2 !<
3340
3341
3342	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3343	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3344
3345	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3346
3347	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3348
3349	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3350	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3351	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3352	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3353	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3354	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3355	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3356	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3357
3358
3359	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3360
3361	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3362	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3363	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3364	ENDIF
3365	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3366	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3367	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3368
3369	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3370	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3371	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3372	ENDIF
3373	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3374	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3375	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3376
3377	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3378	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3379	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3380	ENDIF
3381	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3382	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3383	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3384
3385	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3386	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3387	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3388	ENDIF
3389	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3390	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3391	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3392
3393	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3394	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3395	m_liq_eb(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3396	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3397
3398	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3399	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3400	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3401	ENDIF
3402	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3403	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3404	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3405
3406	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3407	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3408	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3409	ENDIF
3410	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3411	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3412	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3413
3414	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3415	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3416	m_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3417	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf-nbgp:nynf &
3418	+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3419
3420	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3421	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3422	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3423	ENDIF
3424	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3425	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3426	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3427	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3428
3429	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3430	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3431	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3432	ENDIF
3433	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3434	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3435	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3436
3437	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3438	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3439	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3440	ENDIF
3441	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3442	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3443	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3444	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3445	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3446	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3447	ENDIF
3448	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3449	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3450	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3451
3452	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3453	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3454	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3455	ENDIF
3456	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3457	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3458	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3459
3460	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3461	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3462	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3463	ENDIF
3464	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3465	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3466	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3467
3468	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3469	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
3470	t_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3471	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3472	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3473
3474	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
3475	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3476	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3477	ENDIF
3478	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3479	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3480	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3481	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3482
3483
3484	CASE DEFAULT
3485	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
3486	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
3487	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
3488	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
3489	0 )
3490
3491	END SELECT
3492
3493	ENDDO
3494
3495	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3496
3497	ENDDO
3498	ENDIF
3499
3500	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
3501
3502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3503	! Description:
3504	! ------------
3505	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
3506	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
3507	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
3508	!> 2012)
3509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3510	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3511
3512	USE control_parameters, &
3513	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
3514
3515	IMPLICIT NONE
3516
3517	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3518	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3519
3520	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
3521	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
3522	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
3523	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
3524
3525
3526	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3527	DO j = nysg, nyng
3528	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
3529
3530	!
3531	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
3532	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
3533	!-- length
3534	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
3535	!
3536	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
3537	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
3538	!
3539	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
3540	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
3541
3542	!
3543	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
3544	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
3545	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
3546	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
3547	! ENDIF
3548
3549	!
3550	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
3551	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
3552	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
3553	!-- Charnock relation is used.
3554	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
3555	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
3556
3557	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3558	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3559
3560	ENDIF
3561	ENDDO
3562	ENDDO
3563
3564	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3565
3566
3567	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3568	! Description:
3569	! ------------
3570	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
3571	!> that the skin is always saturated.
3572	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3573	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3574
3575	IMPLICIT NONE
3576
3577	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3578	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3579	INTEGER :: k !< running index
3580
3581	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
3582
3583	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3584	DO j = nysg, nyng
3585	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
3586
3587	!
3588	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
3589	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
3590	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
3591
3592	!
3593	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
3594	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
3595
3596	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
3597
3598	!
3599	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
3600	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
3601	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3602	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
3603	ELSE
3604	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3605	* q(k+1,j,i)
3606	ENDIF
3607
3608	!
3609	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
3610	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
3611
3612	ENDDO
3613	ENDDO
3614
3615	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3616
3617
3618	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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