| 1 | MODULE land_surface_model_mod |
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| 2 | |
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| 3 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 4 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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| 5 | ! |
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| 6 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms |
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| 7 | ! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, |
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| 8 | ! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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| 9 | ! |
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| 10 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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| 11 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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| 12 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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| 13 | ! |
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| 14 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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| 15 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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| 16 | ! |
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| 17 | ! Copyright 1997-2014 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover |
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| 18 | !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 19 | ! |
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| 20 | ! Current revisions: |
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| 21 | ! ----------------- |
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| 22 | ! |
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| 23 | ! |
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| 24 | ! Former revisions: |
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| 25 | ! ----------------- |
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| 26 | ! $Id: land_surface_model.f90 1591 2015-05-08 13:57:15Z maronga $ |
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| 27 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of |
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| 28 | ! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga |
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| 29 | ! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements |
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| 30 | ! |
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| 31 | ! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga |
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| 32 | ! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type. |
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| 33 | ! |
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| 34 | ! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga |
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| 35 | ! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to |
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| 36 | ! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions. |
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| 37 | ! |
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| 38 | ! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga |
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| 39 | ! Added output of r_a and r_s |
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| 40 | ! |
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| 41 | ! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga |
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| 42 | ! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature |
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| 43 | ! profile |
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| 44 | ! |
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| 45 | ! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga |
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| 46 | ! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output. |
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| 47 | ! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some |
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| 48 | ! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface |
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| 49 | ! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of |
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| 50 | ! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for |
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| 51 | ! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction |
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| 52 | ! calculation |
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| 53 | ! |
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| 54 | ! intrinsic function MAX and MIN |
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| 55 | ! |
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| 56 | ! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga |
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| 57 | ! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a). |
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| 58 | ! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq. |
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| 59 | ! Added support for dry runs. |
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| 60 | ! |
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| 61 | ! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga |
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| 62 | ! Initial revision |
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| 63 | ! |
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| 64 | ! |
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| 65 | ! Description: |
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| 66 | ! ------------ |
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| 67 | ! Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the |
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| 68 | ! surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL |
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| 69 | ! scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to |
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| 70 | ! H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the |
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| 71 | ! DALES and UCLA-LES models. |
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| 72 | ! |
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| 73 | ! To do list: |
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| 74 | ! ----------- |
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| 75 | ! - Check dewfall parametrization for fog simulations |
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| 76 | ! - Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the surface layer |
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| 77 | ! - Allow for water surfaces, check performance for bare soils |
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| 78 | ! - Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0, nzt_soil=3)) |
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| 79 | ! - Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES with |
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| 80 | ! considerable precipitation |
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| 81 | ! |
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| 82 | ! Notes: |
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| 83 | ! ------ |
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| 84 | ! - No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not become |
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| 85 | ! too thin |
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| 86 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 87 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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| 88 | ONLY: pt, pt_p, q_p, qsws, rif, shf, ts, us, z0, z0h |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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| 91 | ONLY: cp, l_d_r, l_v, precipitation_rate, rho_l, r_d, r_v |
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| 92 | |
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| 93 | USE control_parameters, & |
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| 94 | ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, & |
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| 95 | initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, & |
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| 96 | max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, rho_surface, & |
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| 97 | roughness_length, surface_pressure, timestep_scheme, tsc, & |
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| 98 | z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | USE indices, & |
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| 101 | ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | USE kinds |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | USE netcdf_control, & |
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| 106 | ONLY: dots_label, dots_num, dots_unit |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | USE radiation_model_mod, & |
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| 109 | ONLY: radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, sigma_sb |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | USE statistics, & |
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| 112 | ONLY: hom, statistic_regions |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 115 | |
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| 116 | ! |
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| 117 | !-- LSM model constants |
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| 118 | INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !: bottom of the soil model (to be switched) |
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| 119 | nzt_soil = 3, & !: top of the soil model (to be switched) |
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| 120 | nzs = 4 !: number of soil layers (fixed for now) |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | INTEGER(iwp) :: dots_soil = 0 !: starting index for timeseries output |
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| 123 | |
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| 124 | INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(0:1) :: id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, & |
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| 125 | id_dim_zs_3d, id_var_zs_xy, & |
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| 126 | id_var_zs_xz, id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1:max_masks,0:1) :: id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_mask |
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| 129 | |
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| 130 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: & |
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| 131 | b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent |
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| 132 | lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil |
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| 133 | lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix |
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| 134 | lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water |
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| 135 | psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation |
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| 136 | rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil |
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| 137 | rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water |
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| 138 | m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m) |
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| 139 | |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | ! |
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| 142 | !-- LSM variables |
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| 143 | INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !: vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list) |
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| 144 | soil_type = 3 !: soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-6: generic (see list) |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !: open or closed bottom surface for the soil model |
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| 147 | dewfall = .TRUE., & !: allow/inhibit dewfall |
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| 148 | land_surface = .FALSE. !: flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used |
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| 149 | |
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| 150 | ! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set |
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| 151 | ! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional |
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| 152 | REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST alpha_vg |
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| 153 | canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST g_d |
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| 154 | c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !: Surface (skin) heat capacity |
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| 155 | drho_l_lv, & !: (rho_l * l_v)**-1 |
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| 156 | exn, & !: value of the Exner function |
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| 157 | e_s = 0.0_wp, & !: saturation water vapour pressure |
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| 158 | field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_fc |
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| 159 | f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST f_sw_in |
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| 160 | hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST gamma_w_sat |
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| 161 | ke = 0.0_wp, & !: Kersten number |
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| 162 | lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lambda_surface_s |
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| 163 | lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lambda_surface_u |
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| 164 | leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lai |
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| 165 | l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST l_vg |
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| 166 | min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST r_canopy_min |
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| 167 | min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !: NAMELIST r_soil_min |
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| 168 | m_total = 0.0_wp, & !: weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3) |
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| 169 | n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST n_vg |
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| 170 | q_s = 0.0_wp, & !: saturation specific humidity |
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| 171 | residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_res |
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| 172 | rho_cp, & !: rho_surface * cp |
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| 173 | rho_lv, & !: rho * l_v |
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| 174 | rd_d_rv, & !: r_d / r_v |
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| 175 | saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_sat |
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| 176 | vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST c_veg |
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| 177 | wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_wilt |
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| 178 | z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par) |
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| 179 | z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp !: NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par) |
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| 180 | |
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| 181 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: & |
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| 182 | ddz_soil, & !: 1/dz_soil |
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| 183 | ddz_soil_stag, & !: 1/dz_soil_stag |
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| 184 | dz_soil, & !: soil grid spacing (center-center) |
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| 185 | dz_soil_stag, & !: soil grid spacing (edge-edge) |
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| 186 | root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !: root extraction |
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| 187 | root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, & |
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| 188 | 9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !: distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers |
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| 189 | zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !: soil layer depths (m) |
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| 190 | soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !: soil moisture content (m3/m3) |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: & |
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| 193 | soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & |
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| 194 | 283.0_wp /) !: soil temperature (K) |
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| 195 | |
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| 196 | #if defined( __nopointer ) |
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| 197 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !: surface temperature (K) |
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| 198 | t_surface_p, & !: progn. surface temperature (K) |
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| 199 | m_liq_eb, & !: liquid water reservoir (m) |
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| 200 | m_liq_eb_av, & !: liquid water reservoir (m) |
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| 201 | m_liq_eb_p !: progn. liquid water reservoir (m) |
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| 202 | #else |
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| 203 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, & |
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| 204 | t_surface_p, & |
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| 205 | m_liq_eb, & |
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| 206 | m_liq_eb_p |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, & |
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| 209 | m_liq_eb_av, & |
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| 210 | m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2 |
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| 211 | #endif |
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| 212 | |
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| 213 | ! |
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| 214 | !-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping |
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| 215 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !: surface temperature tendency (K) |
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| 216 | tm_liq_eb_m !: liquid water reservoir tendency (m) |
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| 217 | |
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| 218 | ! |
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| 219 | !-- Energy balance variables |
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| 220 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: & |
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| 221 | alpha_vg, & !: coef. of Van Genuchten |
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| 222 | c_liq, & !: liquid water coverage (of vegetated area) |
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| 223 | c_liq_av, & !: average of c_liq |
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| 224 | c_soil_av, & !: average of c_soil |
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| 225 | c_veg, & !: vegetation coverage |
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| 226 | c_veg_av, & !: average of c_veg |
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| 227 | f_sw_in, & !: fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet) |
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| 228 | ghf_eb, & !: ground heat flux |
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| 229 | ghf_eb_av, & !: average of ghf_eb |
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| 230 | gamma_w_sat, & !: hydraulic conductivity at saturation |
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| 231 | g_d, & !: coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit |
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| 232 | lai, & !: leaf area index |
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| 233 | lai_av, & !: average of lai |
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| 234 | lambda_h_sat, & !: heat conductivity for dry soil |
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| 235 | lambda_surface_s, & !: coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type) |
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| 236 | lambda_surface_u, & !: coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type) |
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| 237 | l_vg, & !: coef. of Van Genuchten |
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| 238 | m_fc, & !: soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3) |
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| 239 | m_res, & !: residual soil moisture |
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| 240 | m_sat, & !: saturation soil moisture (m3/m3) |
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| 241 | m_wilt, & !: soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3) |
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| 242 | n_vg, & !: coef. Van Genuchten |
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| 243 | qsws_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (total) |
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| 244 | qsws_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_eb |
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| 245 | qsws_liq_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion) |
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| 246 | qsws_liq_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_liq_eb |
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| 247 | qsws_soil_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (soil portion) |
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| 248 | qsws_soil_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_soil_eb |
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| 249 | qsws_veg_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion) |
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| 250 | qsws_veg_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_veg_eb |
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| 251 | rad_net_l, & !: local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface) |
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| 252 | r_a, & !: aerodynamic resistance |
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| 253 | r_a_av, & !: avergae of r_a |
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| 254 | r_canopy, & !: canopy resistance |
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| 255 | r_soil, & !: soil resitance |
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| 256 | r_soil_min, & !: minimum soil resistance |
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| 257 | r_s, & !: total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy) |
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| 258 | r_s_av, & !: avergae of r_s |
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| 259 | r_canopy_min, & !: minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance |
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| 260 | shf_eb, & !: surface flux of sensible heat |
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| 261 | shf_eb_av !: average of shf_eb |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: & |
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| 264 | lambda_h, & !: heat conductivity of soil (?) |
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| 265 | lambda_w, & !: hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?) |
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| 266 | gamma_w, & !: hydraulic conductivity of soil (?) |
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| 267 | rho_c_total !: volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?) |
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| 268 | |
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| 269 | #if defined( __nopointer ) |
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| 270 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: & |
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| 271 | t_soil, & !: Soil temperature (K) |
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| 272 | t_soil_av, & !: Average of t_soil |
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| 273 | t_soil_p, & !: Prog. soil temperature (K) |
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| 274 | m_soil, & !: Soil moisture (m3/m3) |
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| 275 | m_soil_av, & !: Average of m_soil |
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| 276 | m_soil_p !: Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3) |
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| 277 | #else |
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| 278 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: & |
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| 279 | t_soil, t_soil_p, & |
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| 280 | m_soil, m_soil_p |
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| 281 | |
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| 282 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: & |
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| 283 | t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, & |
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| 284 | m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2 |
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| 285 | #endif |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: & |
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| 289 | tt_soil_m, & !: t_soil storage array |
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| 290 | tm_soil_m, & !: m_soil storage array |
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| 291 | root_fr !: root fraction (sum=1) |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | ! |
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| 295 | !-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type) |
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| 296 | CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:19), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ & |
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| 297 | 'user defined ', & ! 0 |
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| 298 | 'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1 |
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| 299 | 'short grass ', & ! 2 |
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| 300 | 'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3 |
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| 301 | 'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4 |
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| 302 | 'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5 |
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| 303 | 'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6 |
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| 304 | 'tall grass ', & ! 7 |
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| 305 | 'desert ', & ! 8 |
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| 306 | 'tundra ', & ! 9 |
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| 307 | 'irrigated crops ', & ! 10 |
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| 308 | 'semidesert ', & ! 11 |
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| 309 | 'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12 |
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| 310 | 'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13 |
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| 311 | 'inland water ', & ! 14 |
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| 312 | 'ocean ', & ! 15 |
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| 313 | 'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16 |
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| 314 | 'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17 |
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| 315 | 'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18 |
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| 316 | 'interrupted forest ' & ! 19 |
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| 317 | /) |
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| 318 | |
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| 319 | ! |
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| 320 | !-- Soil model classes (soil_type) |
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| 321 | CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ & |
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| 322 | 'user defined', & ! 0 |
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| 323 | 'coarse ', & ! 1 |
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| 324 | 'medium ', & ! 2 |
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| 325 | 'medium-fine ', & ! 3 |
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| 326 | 'fine ', & ! 4 |
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| 327 | 'very fine ', & ! 5 |
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| 328 | 'organic ', & ! 6 |
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| 329 | 'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7 |
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| 330 | /) |
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| 331 | ! |
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| 332 | !-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type) |
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| 333 | |
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| 334 | ! |
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| 335 | !-- Land surface parameters I |
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| 336 | !-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d |
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| 337 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & |
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| 338 | 180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1 |
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| 339 | 110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2 |
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| 340 | 500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3 |
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| 341 | 500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4 |
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| 342 | 175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5 |
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| 343 | 240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6 |
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| 344 | 100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7 |
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| 345 | 250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8 |
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| 346 | 80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9 |
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| 347 | 180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10 |
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| 348 | 150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11 |
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| 349 | 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12 |
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| 350 | 240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13 |
|---|
| 351 | 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14 |
|---|
| 352 | 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15 |
|---|
| 353 | 225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16 |
|---|
| 354 | 225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17 |
|---|
| 355 | 250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18 |
|---|
| 356 | 175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19 |
|---|
| 357 | /), (/ 4, 19 /) ) |
|---|
| 358 | |
|---|
| 359 | ! |
|---|
| 360 | !-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h |
|---|
| 361 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:1,1:19), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ & |
|---|
| 362 | 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1 |
|---|
| 363 | 0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2 |
|---|
| 364 | 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3 |
|---|
| 365 | 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4 |
|---|
| 366 | 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5 |
|---|
| 367 | 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6 |
|---|
| 368 | 0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7 |
|---|
| 369 | 0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8 |
|---|
| 370 | 0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9 |
|---|
| 371 | 0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10 |
|---|
| 372 | 0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11 |
|---|
| 373 | 1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12 |
|---|
| 374 | 0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13 |
|---|
| 375 | 0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 14 |
|---|
| 376 | 0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 15 |
|---|
| 377 | 0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16 |
|---|
| 378 | 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17 |
|---|
| 379 | 2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18 |
|---|
| 380 | 1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp & ! 19 |
|---|
| 381 | /), (/ 2, 19 /) ) |
|---|
| 382 | |
|---|
| 383 | ! |
|---|
| 384 | !-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in |
|---|
| 385 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:19), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & |
|---|
| 386 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1 |
|---|
| 387 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2 |
|---|
| 388 | 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3 |
|---|
| 389 | 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4 |
|---|
| 390 | 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5 |
|---|
| 391 | 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6 |
|---|
| 392 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7 |
|---|
| 393 | 15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8 |
|---|
| 394 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9 |
|---|
| 395 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10 |
|---|
| 396 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11 |
|---|
| 397 | 58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12 |
|---|
| 398 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13 |
|---|
| 399 | 1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14 |
|---|
| 400 | 1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15 |
|---|
| 401 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16 |
|---|
| 402 | 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17 |
|---|
| 403 | 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18 |
|---|
| 404 | 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19 |
|---|
| 405 | /), (/ 3, 19 /) ) |
|---|
| 406 | |
|---|
| 407 | ! |
|---|
| 408 | !-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4, |
|---|
| 409 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ & |
|---|
| 410 | 0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1 |
|---|
| 411 | 0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2 |
|---|
| 412 | 0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3 |
|---|
| 413 | 0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4 |
|---|
| 414 | 0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5 |
|---|
| 415 | 0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6 |
|---|
| 416 | 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7 |
|---|
| 417 | 1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8 |
|---|
| 418 | 0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9 |
|---|
| 419 | 0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10 |
|---|
| 420 | 0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11 |
|---|
| 421 | 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12 |
|---|
| 422 | 0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13 |
|---|
| 423 | 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14 |
|---|
| 424 | 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15 |
|---|
| 425 | 0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16 |
|---|
| 426 | 0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17 |
|---|
| 427 | 0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18 |
|---|
| 428 | 0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp & ! 19 |
|---|
| 429 | /), (/ 4, 19 /) ) |
|---|
| 430 | |
|---|
| 431 | ! |
|---|
| 432 | !-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type) |
|---|
| 433 | |
|---|
| 434 | ! |
|---|
| 435 | !-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat |
|---|
| 436 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & |
|---|
| 437 | 3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1 |
|---|
| 438 | 3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2 |
|---|
| 439 | 0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3 |
|---|
| 440 | 3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4 |
|---|
| 441 | 2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5 |
|---|
| 442 | 1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6 |
|---|
| 443 | 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7 |
|---|
| 444 | /), (/ 4, 7 /) ) |
|---|
| 445 | |
|---|
| 446 | ! |
|---|
| 447 | !-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res |
|---|
| 448 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & |
|---|
| 449 | 0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1 |
|---|
| 450 | 0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2 |
|---|
| 451 | 0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3 |
|---|
| 452 | 0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4 |
|---|
| 453 | 0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5 |
|---|
| 454 | 0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6 |
|---|
| 455 | 0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7 |
|---|
| 456 | /), (/ 4, 7 /) ) |
|---|
| 457 | |
|---|
| 458 | |
|---|
| 459 | SAVE |
|---|
| 460 | |
|---|
| 461 | |
|---|
| 462 | PRIVATE |
|---|
| 463 | |
|---|
| 464 | |
|---|
| 465 | ! |
|---|
| 466 | !-- Public parameters, constants and initial values |
|---|
| 467 | PUBLIC alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, canopy_resistance_coefficient, & |
|---|
| 468 | conserve_water_content, dewfall, field_capacity, & |
|---|
| 469 | f_shortwave_incoming, hydraulic_conductivity, init_lsm, & |
|---|
| 470 | init_lsm_arrays, lambda_surface_stable, lambda_surface_unstable, & |
|---|
| 471 | land_surface, leaf_area_index, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_soil_model, & |
|---|
| 472 | lsm_swap_timelevel, l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, & |
|---|
| 473 | min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, residual_moisture, rho_cp, & |
|---|
| 474 | rho_lv, root_fraction, saturation_moisture, soil_moisture, & |
|---|
| 475 | soil_temperature, soil_type, soil_type_name, vegetation_coverage, & |
|---|
| 476 | veg_type, veg_type_name, wilting_point, z0_eb, z0h_eb |
|---|
| 477 | |
|---|
| 478 | ! |
|---|
| 479 | !-- Public grid and NetCDF variables |
|---|
| 480 | PUBLIC dots_soil, id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, & |
|---|
| 481 | id_dim_zs_3d, id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_xy, id_var_zs_xz, & |
|---|
| 482 | id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d, id_var_zs_mask, nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil,& |
|---|
| 483 | zs |
|---|
| 484 | |
|---|
| 485 | |
|---|
| 486 | ! |
|---|
| 487 | !-- Public 2D output variables |
|---|
| 488 | PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, & |
|---|
| 489 | lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, & |
|---|
| 490 | qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, & |
|---|
| 491 | r_a, r_a_av, r_s, r_s_av, shf_eb, shf_eb_av |
|---|
| 492 | |
|---|
| 493 | |
|---|
| 494 | ! |
|---|
| 495 | !-- Public prognostic variables |
|---|
| 496 | PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av |
|---|
| 497 | |
|---|
| 498 | INTERFACE init_lsm |
|---|
| 499 | MODULE PROCEDURE init_lsm |
|---|
| 500 | END INTERFACE init_lsm |
|---|
| 501 | |
|---|
| 502 | INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance |
|---|
| 503 | MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance |
|---|
| 504 | END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance |
|---|
| 505 | |
|---|
| 506 | INTERFACE lsm_soil_model |
|---|
| 507 | MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model |
|---|
| 508 | END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model |
|---|
| 509 | |
|---|
| 510 | INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel |
|---|
| 511 | MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel |
|---|
| 512 | END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel |
|---|
| 513 | |
|---|
| 514 | CONTAINS |
|---|
| 515 | |
|---|
| 516 | |
|---|
| 517 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 518 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 519 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 520 | !-- Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers |
|---|
| 521 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 522 | SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays |
|---|
| 523 | |
|---|
| 524 | |
|---|
| 525 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 526 | |
|---|
| 527 | ! |
|---|
| 528 | !-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity |
|---|
| 529 | #if defined( __nopointer ) |
|---|
| 530 | ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 531 | ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 532 | ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 533 | ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 534 | ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 535 | ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 536 | ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 537 | ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 538 | #else |
|---|
| 539 | ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 540 | ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 541 | ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 542 | ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 543 | ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 544 | ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 545 | ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 546 | ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 547 | #endif |
|---|
| 548 | |
|---|
| 549 | ! |
|---|
| 550 | !-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays |
|---|
| 551 | ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 552 | ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 553 | ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 554 | ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 555 | |
|---|
| 556 | ! |
|---|
| 557 | !-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays |
|---|
| 558 | ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 559 | ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 560 | ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 561 | ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 562 | ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 563 | ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 564 | ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 565 | ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 566 | ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 567 | ALLOCATE ( lambda_h_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 568 | ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 569 | ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 570 | ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 571 | ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 572 | ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 573 | ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 574 | ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 575 | ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 576 | ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 577 | ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 578 | ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 579 | ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 580 | ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 581 | ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 582 | ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 583 | ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 584 | ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 585 | ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 586 | ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 587 | |
|---|
| 588 | #if ! defined( __nopointer ) |
|---|
| 589 | ! |
|---|
| 590 | !-- Initial assignment of the pointers |
|---|
| 591 | t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2 |
|---|
| 592 | t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2 |
|---|
| 593 | m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2 |
|---|
| 594 | m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2 |
|---|
| 595 | #endif |
|---|
| 596 | |
|---|
| 597 | |
|---|
| 598 | END SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays |
|---|
| 599 | |
|---|
| 600 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 601 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 602 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 603 | !-- Initialization of the land surface model |
|---|
| 604 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 605 | SUBROUTINE init_lsm |
|---|
| 606 | |
|---|
| 607 | |
|---|
| 608 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 609 | |
|---|
| 610 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index |
|---|
| 611 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index |
|---|
| 612 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !: running index |
|---|
| 613 | |
|---|
| 614 | |
|---|
| 615 | ! |
|---|
| 616 | !-- Calculate Exner function |
|---|
| 617 | exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
|---|
| 618 | |
|---|
| 619 | |
|---|
| 620 | ! |
|---|
| 621 | !-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before |
|---|
| 622 | IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN |
|---|
| 623 | rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn ) |
|---|
| 624 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 625 | |
|---|
| 626 | ! |
|---|
| 627 | !-- Calculate frequently used parameters |
|---|
| 628 | rho_cp = cp * rho_surface |
|---|
| 629 | rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v |
|---|
| 630 | rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v |
|---|
| 631 | drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v) |
|---|
| 632 | |
|---|
| 633 | ! |
|---|
| 634 | !-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities |
|---|
| 635 | tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 636 | tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 637 | tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 638 | c_liq = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 639 | |
|---|
| 640 | ghf_eb = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 641 | shf_eb = rho_cp * shf |
|---|
| 642 | |
|---|
| 643 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 644 | qsws_eb = rho_l * l_v * qsws |
|---|
| 645 | ELSE |
|---|
| 646 | qsws_eb = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 647 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 648 | |
|---|
| 649 | qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 650 | qsws_soil_eb = qsws_eb |
|---|
| 651 | qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 652 | |
|---|
| 653 | r_a = 50.0_wp |
|---|
| 654 | r_s = 50.0_wp |
|---|
| 655 | r_canopy = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 656 | r_soil = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 657 | |
|---|
| 658 | ! |
|---|
| 659 | !-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays |
|---|
| 660 | ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 661 | ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 662 | ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 663 | |
|---|
| 664 | lambda_h = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 665 | ! |
|---|
| 666 | !-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model |
|---|
| 667 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 668 | ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 669 | ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) |
|---|
| 670 | |
|---|
| 671 | lambda_w = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 672 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 673 | |
|---|
| 674 | ! |
|---|
| 675 | !-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at |
|---|
| 676 | !-- the center of the soil layers, whereas gradients/fluxes are defined |
|---|
| 677 | !-- at the edges (_stag) |
|---|
| 678 | dz_soil_stag(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil) |
|---|
| 679 | |
|---|
| 680 | DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 681 | dz_soil_stag(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1) |
|---|
| 682 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 683 | |
|---|
| 684 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1 |
|---|
| 685 | dz_soil(k) = 0.5 * (dz_soil_stag(k+1) + dz_soil_stag(k)) |
|---|
| 686 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 687 | dz_soil(nzt_soil) = dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) |
|---|
| 688 | |
|---|
| 689 | ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil |
|---|
| 690 | ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag |
|---|
| 691 | |
|---|
| 692 | ! |
|---|
| 693 | !-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each |
|---|
| 694 | !-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a |
|---|
| 695 | !-- value /= 9999999.9. |
|---|
| 696 | IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN |
|---|
| 697 | |
|---|
| 698 | IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 699 | alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type) |
|---|
| 700 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 701 | |
|---|
| 702 | IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 703 | l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type) |
|---|
| 704 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 705 | |
|---|
| 706 | IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 707 | n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type) |
|---|
| 708 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 709 | |
|---|
| 710 | IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 711 | hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type) |
|---|
| 712 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 713 | |
|---|
| 714 | IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 715 | saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type) |
|---|
| 716 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 717 | |
|---|
| 718 | IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 719 | field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type) |
|---|
| 720 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 721 | |
|---|
| 722 | IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 723 | wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type) |
|---|
| 724 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 725 | |
|---|
| 726 | IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 727 | residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type) |
|---|
| 728 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 729 | |
|---|
| 730 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 731 | |
|---|
| 732 | alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten |
|---|
| 733 | l_vg = l_vangenuchten |
|---|
| 734 | n_vg = n_vangenuchten |
|---|
| 735 | gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity |
|---|
| 736 | m_sat = saturation_moisture |
|---|
| 737 | m_fc = field_capacity |
|---|
| 738 | m_wilt = wilting_point |
|---|
| 739 | m_res = residual_moisture |
|---|
| 740 | r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance |
|---|
| 741 | |
|---|
| 742 | ! |
|---|
| 743 | !-- Initial run actions |
|---|
| 744 | IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN |
|---|
| 745 | |
|---|
| 746 | t_soil = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 747 | m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 748 | m_soil = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 749 | |
|---|
| 750 | ! |
|---|
| 751 | !-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer |
|---|
| 752 | !-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent |
|---|
| 753 | !-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero) |
|---|
| 754 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 755 | t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k) |
|---|
| 756 | m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:)) |
|---|
| 757 | soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point) |
|---|
| 758 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 759 | t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1) |
|---|
| 760 | |
|---|
| 761 | ! |
|---|
| 762 | !-- Calculate surface temperature |
|---|
| 763 | t_surface = pt_surface * exn |
|---|
| 764 | |
|---|
| 765 | ! |
|---|
| 766 | !-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value for |
|---|
| 767 | !-- the first time step |
|---|
| 768 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 769 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 770 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
|---|
| 771 | |
|---|
| 772 | ! |
|---|
| 773 | !-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start |
|---|
| 774 | IF ( pt(k+1,j,i) == pt(k,j,i) ) pt(k+1,j,i) = pt(k+1,j,i) & |
|---|
| 775 | + 1.0E-10_wp |
|---|
| 776 | |
|---|
| 777 | us(j,i) = 0.1_wp |
|---|
| 778 | ts(j,i) = (pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i) |
|---|
| 779 | shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i) |
|---|
| 780 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 781 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 782 | |
|---|
| 783 | ! |
|---|
| 784 | !-- Actions for restart runs |
|---|
| 785 | ELSE |
|---|
| 786 | |
|---|
| 787 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 788 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 789 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
|---|
| 790 | t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn |
|---|
| 791 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 792 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 793 | |
|---|
| 794 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 795 | |
|---|
| 796 | ! |
|---|
| 797 | !-- Calculate saturation soil heat conductivity |
|---|
| 798 | lambda_h_sat(:,:) = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(:,:)) * & |
|---|
| 799 | lambda_h_water ** m_sat(:,:) |
|---|
| 800 | |
|---|
| 801 | |
|---|
| 802 | |
|---|
| 803 | |
|---|
| 804 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 805 | root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k) |
|---|
| 806 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 807 | |
|---|
| 808 | IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN |
|---|
| 809 | IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 810 | min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type) |
|---|
| 811 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 812 | IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 813 | leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type) |
|---|
| 814 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 815 | IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 816 | vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type) |
|---|
| 817 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 818 | IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 819 | canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type) |
|---|
| 820 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 821 | IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 822 | lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type) |
|---|
| 823 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 824 | IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 825 | lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type) |
|---|
| 826 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 827 | IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 828 | f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type) |
|---|
| 829 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 830 | IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 831 | roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type) |
|---|
| 832 | z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type) |
|---|
| 833 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 834 | IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 835 | z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type) |
|---|
| 836 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 837 | z0h_factor = z0h_eb / z0_eb |
|---|
| 838 | |
|---|
| 839 | IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN |
|---|
| 840 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 841 | root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type) |
|---|
| 842 | root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type) |
|---|
| 843 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 844 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 845 | |
|---|
| 846 | ELSE |
|---|
| 847 | |
|---|
| 848 | IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 849 | z0_eb = roughness_length |
|---|
| 850 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 851 | IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 852 | z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor |
|---|
| 853 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 854 | |
|---|
| 855 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 856 | |
|---|
| 857 | ! |
|---|
| 858 | !-- Initialize vegetation |
|---|
| 859 | r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance |
|---|
| 860 | lai = leaf_area_index |
|---|
| 861 | c_veg = vegetation_coverage |
|---|
| 862 | g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient |
|---|
| 863 | lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable |
|---|
| 864 | lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable |
|---|
| 865 | f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming |
|---|
| 866 | z0 = z0_eb |
|---|
| 867 | z0h = z0h_eb |
|---|
| 868 | |
|---|
| 869 | ! |
|---|
| 870 | !-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface) |
|---|
| 871 | CALL user_init_land_surface |
|---|
| 872 | |
|---|
| 873 | |
|---|
| 874 | t_soil_p = t_soil |
|---|
| 875 | m_soil_p = m_soil |
|---|
| 876 | m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb |
|---|
| 877 | |
|---|
| 878 | !-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are |
|---|
| 879 | !-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE) |
|---|
| 880 | hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, & |
|---|
| 881 | nysg,nxlg), 2, & |
|---|
| 882 | statistic_regions+1 ) |
|---|
| 883 | hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, & |
|---|
| 884 | nysg,nxlg), 2, & |
|---|
| 885 | statistic_regions+1 ) |
|---|
| 886 | |
|---|
| 887 | ! |
|---|
| 888 | !-- Calculate humidity at the surface |
|---|
| 889 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 890 | CALL calc_q_surface |
|---|
| 891 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 892 | |
|---|
| 893 | |
|---|
| 894 | |
|---|
| 895 | ! |
|---|
| 896 | !-- Add timeseries for land surface model |
|---|
| 897 | |
|---|
| 898 | dots_label(dots_num+1) = "ghf_eb" |
|---|
| 899 | dots_label(dots_num+2) = "shf_eb" |
|---|
| 900 | dots_label(dots_num+3) = "qsws_eb" |
|---|
| 901 | dots_label(dots_num+4) = "qsws_liq_eb" |
|---|
| 902 | dots_label(dots_num+5) = "qsws_soil_eb" |
|---|
| 903 | dots_label(dots_num+6) = "qsws_veg_eb" |
|---|
| 904 | dots_unit(dots_num+1:dots_num+6) = "W/m2" |
|---|
| 905 | |
|---|
| 906 | dots_label(dots_num+7) = "r_a" |
|---|
| 907 | dots_label(dots_num+8) = "r_s" |
|---|
| 908 | dots_unit(dots_num+7:dots_num+8) = "s/m" |
|---|
| 909 | |
|---|
| 910 | dots_soil = dots_num + 1 |
|---|
| 911 | dots_num = dots_num + 8 |
|---|
| 912 | |
|---|
| 913 | RETURN |
|---|
| 914 | |
|---|
| 915 | END SUBROUTINE init_lsm |
|---|
| 916 | |
|---|
| 917 | |
|---|
| 918 | |
|---|
| 919 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 920 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 921 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 922 | ! Solver for the energy balance at the surface. |
|---|
| 923 | ! |
|---|
| 924 | ! Note: surface fluxes are calculated in the land surface model, but these are |
|---|
| 925 | ! not used in the atmospheric code. The fluxes are calculated afterwards in |
|---|
| 926 | ! prandtl_fluxes using the surface values of temperature and humidity as |
|---|
| 927 | ! provided by the land surface model. In this way, the fluxes in the land |
|---|
| 928 | ! surface model are not equal to the ones calculated in prandtl_fluxes |
|---|
| 929 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 930 | SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance |
|---|
| 931 | |
|---|
| 932 | |
|---|
| 933 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 934 | |
|---|
| 935 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index |
|---|
| 936 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index |
|---|
| 937 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !: running index |
|---|
| 938 | |
|---|
| 939 | REAL(wp) :: f1, & !: resistance correction term 1 |
|---|
| 940 | f2, & !: resistance correction term 2 |
|---|
| 941 | f3, & !: resistance correction term 3 |
|---|
| 942 | m_min, & !: minimum soil moisture |
|---|
| 943 | T_1, & !: actual temperature at first grid point |
|---|
| 944 | e, & !: water vapour pressure |
|---|
| 945 | e_s, & !: water vapour saturation pressure |
|---|
| 946 | e_s_dt, & !: derivate of e_s with respect to T |
|---|
| 947 | tend, & !: tendency |
|---|
| 948 | dq_s_dt, & !: derivate of q_s with respect to T |
|---|
| 949 | coef_1, & !: coef. for prognostic equation |
|---|
| 950 | coef_2, & !: coef. for prognostic equation |
|---|
| 951 | f_qsws, & !: factor for qsws_eb |
|---|
| 952 | f_qsws_veg, & !: factor for qsws_veg_eb |
|---|
| 953 | f_qsws_soil, & !: factor for qsws_soil_eb |
|---|
| 954 | f_qsws_liq, & !: factor for qsws_liq_eb |
|---|
| 955 | f_shf, & !: factor for shf_eb |
|---|
| 956 | lambda_surface, & !: Current value of lambda_surface |
|---|
| 957 | m_liq_eb_max !: maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir |
|---|
| 958 | |
|---|
| 959 | |
|---|
| 960 | ! |
|---|
| 961 | !-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step |
|---|
| 962 | exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
|---|
| 963 | |
|---|
| 964 | |
|---|
| 965 | |
|---|
| 966 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 967 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 968 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
|---|
| 969 | |
|---|
| 970 | ! |
|---|
| 971 | !-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification |
|---|
| 972 | IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 973 | lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i) |
|---|
| 974 | ELSE |
|---|
| 975 | lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i) |
|---|
| 976 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 977 | |
|---|
| 978 | ! |
|---|
| 979 | !-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts |
|---|
| 980 | !-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last |
|---|
| 981 | !-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the |
|---|
| 982 | !-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients |
|---|
| 983 | r_a(j,i) = (pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + & |
|---|
| 984 | 1.0E-20_wp) |
|---|
| 985 | |
|---|
| 986 | ! |
|---|
| 987 | !-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy |
|---|
| 988 | !-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation |
|---|
| 989 | |
|---|
| 990 | !-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at |
|---|
| 991 | !-- night) |
|---|
| 992 | IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN |
|---|
| 993 | f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) /& |
|---|
| 994 | (0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) & |
|---|
| 995 | + 1.0_wp)) ) |
|---|
| 996 | ELSE |
|---|
| 997 | f1 = 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 998 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 999 | |
|---|
| 1000 | ! |
|---|
| 1001 | !-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the |
|---|
| 1002 | !-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here) |
|---|
| 1003 | !-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils |
|---|
| 1004 | m_total = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1005 | DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1006 | m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1007 | * MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i)) |
|---|
| 1008 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1009 | |
|---|
| 1010 | IF ( m_total .GT. m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total .LT. m_fc(j,i) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1011 | f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1012 | ELSEIF ( m_total .GE. m_fc(j,i) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1013 | f2 = 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 1014 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1015 | f2 = 1.0E-20_wp |
|---|
| 1016 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1017 | |
|---|
| 1018 | ! |
|---|
| 1019 | !-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation |
|---|
| 1020 | e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1021 | - 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) ) |
|---|
| 1022 | |
|---|
| 1023 | ! |
|---|
| 1024 | !-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit |
|---|
| 1025 | IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 1026 | ! |
|---|
| 1027 | !-- Calculate vapour pressure |
|---|
| 1028 | e = q_p(k+1,j,i) * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp |
|---|
| 1029 | f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) ) |
|---|
| 1030 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1031 | f3 = 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 1032 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1033 | |
|---|
| 1034 | ! |
|---|
| 1035 | !-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils), |
|---|
| 1036 | !-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below. |
|---|
| 1037 | !-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity |
|---|
| 1038 | r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 & |
|---|
| 1039 | + 1.0E-20_wp) |
|---|
| 1040 | |
|---|
| 1041 | ! |
|---|
| 1042 | !-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp & |
|---|
| 1043 | !-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg. |
|---|
| 1044 | IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN |
|---|
| 1045 | m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * & |
|---|
| 1046 | m_res(j,i) |
|---|
| 1047 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1048 | m_min = m_wilt(j,i) |
|---|
| 1049 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1050 | |
|---|
| 1051 | f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min ) |
|---|
| 1052 | f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp) |
|---|
| 1053 | f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp) |
|---|
| 1054 | |
|---|
| 1055 | r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2 |
|---|
| 1056 | |
|---|
| 1057 | ! |
|---|
| 1058 | !-- Calculate fraction of liquid water reservoir |
|---|
| 1059 | m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * lai(j,i) |
|---|
| 1060 | c_liq(j,i) = MIN(1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / (m_liq_eb_max+1.0E-20_wp)) |
|---|
| 1061 | |
|---|
| 1062 | |
|---|
| 1063 | ! |
|---|
| 1064 | !-- Calculate saturation specific humidity |
|---|
| 1065 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure |
|---|
| 1066 | |
|---|
| 1067 | ! |
|---|
| 1068 | !-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero |
|---|
| 1069 | !-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air |
|---|
| 1070 | IF ( humidity .AND. dewfall .AND. q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1071 | r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1072 | r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1073 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1074 | |
|---|
| 1075 | ! |
|---|
| 1076 | !-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration |
|---|
| 1077 | f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ & |
|---|
| 1078 | (r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i)) |
|---|
| 1079 | |
|---|
| 1080 | f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + & |
|---|
| 1081 | r_soil(j,i)) |
|---|
| 1082 | f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i) |
|---|
| 1083 | |
|---|
| 1084 | |
|---|
| 1085 | ! |
|---|
| 1086 | !-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer |
|---|
| 1087 | !-- transpirate. |
|---|
| 1088 | ! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .LT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1089 | ! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1090 | ! ENDIF |
|---|
| 1091 | |
|---|
| 1092 | ! |
|---|
| 1093 | !-- If dewfall is deactivated, vegetation, soil and liquid water |
|---|
| 1094 | !-- reservoir are not allowed to take up water from the super-saturated |
|---|
| 1095 | !-- air. |
|---|
| 1096 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1097 | IF ( q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1098 | IF ( .NOT. dewfall ) THEN |
|---|
| 1099 | f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1100 | f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1101 | f_qsws_liq = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1102 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1103 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1104 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1105 | |
|---|
| 1106 | f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i) |
|---|
| 1107 | f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq |
|---|
| 1108 | |
|---|
| 1109 | ! |
|---|
| 1110 | !-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion |
|---|
| 1111 | e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - & |
|---|
| 1112 | 17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) & |
|---|
| 1113 | / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 ) |
|---|
| 1114 | |
|---|
| 1115 | dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure |
|---|
| 1116 | |
|---|
| 1117 | T_1 = pt_p(k+1,j,i) * exn |
|---|
| 1118 | |
|---|
| 1119 | ! |
|---|
| 1120 | !-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation |
|---|
| 1121 | rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 4 |
|---|
| 1122 | |
|---|
| 1123 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1124 | |
|---|
| 1125 | ! |
|---|
| 1126 | !-- Numerator of the prognostic equation |
|---|
| 1127 | coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 4& |
|---|
| 1128 | + f_shf / exn * T_1 + f_qsws * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s & |
|---|
| 1129 | + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface & |
|---|
| 1130 | * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) |
|---|
| 1131 | |
|---|
| 1132 | ! |
|---|
| 1133 | !-- Denominator of the prognostic equation |
|---|
| 1134 | coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws & |
|---|
| 1135 | * dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn |
|---|
| 1136 | |
|---|
| 1137 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1138 | |
|---|
| 1139 | ! |
|---|
| 1140 | !-- Numerator of the prognostic equation |
|---|
| 1141 | coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 4& |
|---|
| 1142 | + f_shf / exn * T_1 + lambda_surface & |
|---|
| 1143 | * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) |
|---|
| 1144 | |
|---|
| 1145 | ! |
|---|
| 1146 | !-- Denominator of the prognostic equation |
|---|
| 1147 | coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 & |
|---|
| 1148 | + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn |
|---|
| 1149 | |
|---|
| 1150 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1151 | |
|---|
| 1152 | tend = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1153 | |
|---|
| 1154 | ! |
|---|
| 1155 | !-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity, |
|---|
| 1156 | !-- otherwise use RK3 scheme. |
|---|
| 1157 | t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface * & |
|---|
| 1158 | t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface + coef_2 * dt_3d& |
|---|
| 1159 | * tsc(2) ) |
|---|
| 1160 | ! |
|---|
| 1161 | !-- Add RK3 term |
|---|
| 1162 | t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) & |
|---|
| 1163 | * tt_surface_m(j,i) |
|---|
| 1164 | |
|---|
| 1165 | ! |
|---|
| 1166 | !-- Calculate true tendency |
|---|
| 1167 | tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) & |
|---|
| 1168 | * tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2)) |
|---|
| 1169 | ! |
|---|
| 1170 | !-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step |
|---|
| 1171 | IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN |
|---|
| 1172 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN |
|---|
| 1173 | tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend |
|---|
| 1174 | ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & |
|---|
| 1175 | intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN |
|---|
| 1176 | tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp & |
|---|
| 1177 | * tt_surface_m(j,i) |
|---|
| 1178 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1179 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1180 | |
|---|
| 1181 | pt_p(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn |
|---|
| 1182 | ! |
|---|
| 1183 | !-- Calculate fluxes |
|---|
| 1184 | rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb & |
|---|
| 1185 | * t_surface(j,i)**4 - 4.0_wp * sigma_sb & |
|---|
| 1186 | * t_surface(j,i)**3 * t_surface_p(j,i) |
|---|
| 1187 | ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1188 | - t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) |
|---|
| 1189 | shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt_p(k+1,j,i) - pt_p(k,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1190 | |
|---|
| 1191 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1192 | qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s + dq_s_dt & |
|---|
| 1193 | * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1194 | |
|---|
| 1195 | qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s & |
|---|
| 1196 | + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt & |
|---|
| 1197 | * t_surface_p(j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1198 | |
|---|
| 1199 | qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s & |
|---|
| 1200 | + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt & |
|---|
| 1201 | * t_surface_p(j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1202 | |
|---|
| 1203 | qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s & |
|---|
| 1204 | + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt & |
|---|
| 1205 | * t_surface_p(j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1206 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1207 | |
|---|
| 1208 | ! |
|---|
| 1209 | !-- Calculate the true surface resistance |
|---|
| 1210 | IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) .EQ. 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 1211 | r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp |
|---|
| 1212 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1213 | r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s + dq_s_dt & |
|---|
| 1214 | * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) & |
|---|
| 1215 | / qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i) |
|---|
| 1216 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1217 | |
|---|
| 1218 | ! |
|---|
| 1219 | !-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or |
|---|
| 1220 | !-- evaporation of liquid water |
|---|
| 1221 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1222 | ! |
|---|
| 1223 | !-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb |
|---|
| 1224 | !-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage. |
|---|
| 1225 | !-- precipitation_rate is given in mm. |
|---|
| 1226 | IF ( precipitation ) THEN |
|---|
| 1227 | |
|---|
| 1228 | ! |
|---|
| 1229 | !-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible. |
|---|
| 1230 | !-- Otherwise, add the water to bare soil fraction. |
|---|
| 1231 | IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) .EQ. m_liq_eb_max ) THEN |
|---|
| 1232 | qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1233 | + c_veg(j,i) * precipitation_rate(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1234 | * 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v |
|---|
| 1235 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1236 | qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1237 | + c_veg(j,i) * precipitation_rate(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1238 | * 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v |
|---|
| 1239 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1240 | |
|---|
| 1241 | !-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil |
|---|
| 1242 | !-- coverage. |
|---|
| 1243 | qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) * (1.0_wp & |
|---|
| 1244 | - c_veg(j,i)) * precipitation_rate(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1245 | * 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v |
|---|
| 1246 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1247 | ! |
|---|
| 1248 | !-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level |
|---|
| 1249 | IF ( q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i)) THEN |
|---|
| 1250 | ! |
|---|
| 1251 | !-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max) |
|---|
| 1252 | !-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this |
|---|
| 1253 | !-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1), |
|---|
| 1254 | !-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed |
|---|
| 1255 | IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) .EQ. m_liq_eb_max ) THEN |
|---|
| 1256 | qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1257 | + qsws_liq_eb(j,i) |
|---|
| 1258 | qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1259 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1260 | |
|---|
| 1261 | ! |
|---|
| 1262 | !-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior), |
|---|
| 1263 | !-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the |
|---|
| 1264 | !-- plant |
|---|
| 1265 | IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) .LT. 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 1266 | qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i) |
|---|
| 1267 | qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1268 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1269 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1270 | |
|---|
| 1271 | tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv |
|---|
| 1272 | |
|---|
| 1273 | m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend & |
|---|
| 1274 | + tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1275 | |
|---|
| 1276 | ! |
|---|
| 1277 | !-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum |
|---|
| 1278 | !-- (conservation of water is violated here) |
|---|
| 1279 | m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max) |
|---|
| 1280 | |
|---|
| 1281 | ! |
|---|
| 1282 | !-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0) |
|---|
| 1283 | !-- (conservation of water is violated here) |
|---|
| 1284 | m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp) |
|---|
| 1285 | |
|---|
| 1286 | |
|---|
| 1287 | ! |
|---|
| 1288 | !-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step |
|---|
| 1289 | IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN |
|---|
| 1290 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN |
|---|
| 1291 | tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend |
|---|
| 1292 | ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & |
|---|
| 1293 | intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN |
|---|
| 1294 | tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp & |
|---|
| 1295 | * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) |
|---|
| 1296 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1297 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1298 | |
|---|
| 1299 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1300 | |
|---|
| 1301 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1302 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1303 | |
|---|
| 1304 | END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance |
|---|
| 1305 | |
|---|
| 1306 | |
|---|
| 1307 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1308 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1309 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1310 | ! |
|---|
| 1311 | ! Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil |
|---|
| 1312 | ! temperature and water content. |
|---|
| 1313 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1314 | SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model |
|---|
| 1315 | |
|---|
| 1316 | |
|---|
| 1317 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1318 | |
|---|
| 1319 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index |
|---|
| 1320 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index |
|---|
| 1321 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !: running index |
|---|
| 1322 | |
|---|
| 1323 | REAL(wp) :: h_vg !: Van Genuchten coef. h |
|---|
| 1324 | |
|---|
| 1325 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !: temp. gamma |
|---|
| 1326 | lambda_temp, & !: temp. lambda |
|---|
| 1327 | tend !: tendency |
|---|
| 1328 | |
|---|
| 1329 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 1330 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 1331 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1332 | ! |
|---|
| 1333 | !-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking into |
|---|
| 1334 | !-- account water content |
|---|
| 1335 | rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) & |
|---|
| 1336 | + rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i)) |
|---|
| 1337 | |
|---|
| 1338 | ! |
|---|
| 1339 | !-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil |
|---|
| 1340 | !-- layers |
|---|
| 1341 | ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) / m_sat(j,i))) |
|---|
| 1342 | lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat(j,i) + lambda_h_dry) + & |
|---|
| 1343 | lambda_h_dry |
|---|
| 1344 | |
|---|
| 1345 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1346 | |
|---|
| 1347 | ! |
|---|
| 1348 | !-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level |
|---|
| 1349 | !-- using linear interpolation |
|---|
| 1350 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1 |
|---|
| 1351 | |
|---|
| 1352 | lambda_h(k,j,i) = lambda_temp(k) + & |
|---|
| 1353 | ( lambda_temp(k+1) - lambda_temp(k) ) & |
|---|
| 1354 | * 0.5 * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1) |
|---|
| 1355 | |
|---|
| 1356 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1357 | lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil) |
|---|
| 1358 | |
|---|
| 1359 | ! |
|---|
| 1360 | !-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil |
|---|
| 1361 | tend(:) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1362 | tend(0) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * & |
|---|
| 1363 | ( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1364 | - t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil) & |
|---|
| 1365 | + ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil) |
|---|
| 1366 | |
|---|
| 1367 | DO k = 1, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1368 | tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) & |
|---|
| 1369 | * ( lambda_h(k,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1370 | * ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) & |
|---|
| 1371 | * ddz_soil(k) & |
|---|
| 1372 | - lambda_h(k-1,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1373 | * ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) & |
|---|
| 1374 | * ddz_soil(k-1) & |
|---|
| 1375 | ) * ddz_soil_stag(k) |
|---|
| 1376 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1377 | |
|---|
| 1378 | t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1379 | + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) & |
|---|
| 1380 | * tend(:) + tsc(3) & |
|---|
| 1381 | * tt_soil_m(:,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1382 | |
|---|
| 1383 | ! |
|---|
| 1384 | !-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step |
|---|
| 1385 | IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN |
|---|
| 1386 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN |
|---|
| 1387 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1388 | tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k) |
|---|
| 1389 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1390 | ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & |
|---|
| 1391 | intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN |
|---|
| 1392 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1393 | tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp & |
|---|
| 1394 | * tt_soil_m(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 1395 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1396 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1397 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1398 | |
|---|
| 1399 | |
|---|
| 1400 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1401 | |
|---|
| 1402 | ! |
|---|
| 1403 | !-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers |
|---|
| 1404 | lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat & |
|---|
| 1405 | / m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX(m_soil(k,j,i), & |
|---|
| 1406 | m_wilt(j,i)) / m_sat(j,i) )**(b_ch + 2.0_wp) |
|---|
| 1407 | |
|---|
| 1408 | ! |
|---|
| 1409 | !-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten |
|---|
| 1410 | IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN |
|---|
| 1411 | ! |
|---|
| 1412 | !-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten |
|---|
| 1413 | !-- (1980) |
|---|
| 1414 | h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - & |
|---|
| 1415 | MAX(m_soil(k,j,i),m_wilt(j,i)) ) )**(n_vg(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1416 | / (n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp)) - 1.0_wp & |
|---|
| 1417 | )**(1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) / alpha_vg(j,i) |
|---|
| 1418 | |
|---|
| 1419 | gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + & |
|---|
| 1420 | (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg)**n_vg(j,i))**(1.0_wp & |
|---|
| 1421 | -1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) - (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg & |
|---|
| 1422 | )**(n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp))**2 ) & |
|---|
| 1423 | / ( (1.0_wp + (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg & |
|---|
| 1424 | )**n_vg(j,i))**((1.0_wp - 1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) & |
|---|
| 1425 | *(l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp)) ) |
|---|
| 1426 | |
|---|
| 1427 | ! |
|---|
| 1428 | !-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger |
|---|
| 1429 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1430 | gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1431 | / m_sat(j,i) )**(2.0_wp * b_ch + 3.0_wp) |
|---|
| 1432 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1433 | |
|---|
| 1434 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1435 | |
|---|
| 1436 | |
|---|
| 1437 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1438 | ! |
|---|
| 1439 | !-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level |
|---|
| 1440 | !-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with |
|---|
| 1441 | !-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81 |
|---|
| 1442 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1 |
|---|
| 1443 | |
|---|
| 1444 | lambda_w(k,j,i) = lambda_temp(k) + & |
|---|
| 1445 | ( lambda_temp(k+1) - lambda_temp(k) ) & |
|---|
| 1446 | * 0.5_wp * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1) |
|---|
| 1447 | gamma_w(k,j,i) = gamma_temp(k) + & |
|---|
| 1448 | ( gamma_temp(k+1) - gamma_temp(k) ) & |
|---|
| 1449 | * 0.5_wp * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1) |
|---|
| 1450 | |
|---|
| 1451 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1452 | |
|---|
| 1453 | ! |
|---|
| 1454 | ! |
|---|
| 1455 | !-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved), set |
|---|
| 1456 | !-- hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be lost |
|---|
| 1457 | !-- in the bottom layer. |
|---|
| 1458 | IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN |
|---|
| 1459 | gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1460 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1461 | gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil) |
|---|
| 1462 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1463 | |
|---|
| 1464 | !-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l * l_v)) |
|---|
| 1465 | !-- ensures the mass conservation for water. The transpiration of |
|---|
| 1466 | !-- plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by the roots in the |
|---|
| 1467 | !-- soil. The scheme takes into account the availability of water |
|---|
| 1468 | !-- in the soil layers as well as the root fraction in the |
|---|
| 1469 | !-- respective layer. Layer with moisture below wilting point will |
|---|
| 1470 | !-- not contribute, which reflects the preference of plants to |
|---|
| 1471 | !-- take water from moister layers. |
|---|
| 1472 | |
|---|
| 1473 | ! |
|---|
| 1474 | !-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, modified so that the |
|---|
| 1475 | !-- sum of root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a |
|---|
| 1476 | !-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an |
|---|
| 1477 | !-- additional check. |
|---|
| 1478 | |
|---|
| 1479 | m_total = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1480 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1481 | IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .GT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1482 | m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 1483 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1484 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1485 | |
|---|
| 1486 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1487 | IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .GT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1488 | root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) / m_total |
|---|
| 1489 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1490 | root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1491 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1492 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1493 | |
|---|
| 1494 | ! |
|---|
| 1495 | !-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil |
|---|
| 1496 | tend(:) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1497 | tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( & |
|---|
| 1498 | m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) & |
|---|
| 1499 | * ddz_soil(nzb_soil) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( & |
|---|
| 1500 | root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1501 | + qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) & |
|---|
| 1502 | * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil) |
|---|
| 1503 | |
|---|
| 1504 | DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1 |
|---|
| 1505 | tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1506 | - m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k) - gamma_w(k,j,i)& |
|---|
| 1507 | - lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - & |
|---|
| 1508 | m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k-1) & |
|---|
| 1509 | + gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) & |
|---|
| 1510 | * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) & |
|---|
| 1511 | ) * ddz_soil_stag(k) |
|---|
| 1512 | |
|---|
| 1513 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1514 | tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1515 | - lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1516 | * (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) & |
|---|
| 1517 | - m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) & |
|---|
| 1518 | * ddz_soil(nzt_soil-1) & |
|---|
| 1519 | + gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( & |
|---|
| 1520 | root_extr(nzt_soil) & |
|---|
| 1521 | * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) & |
|---|
| 1522 | ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) |
|---|
| 1523 | |
|---|
| 1524 | m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)& |
|---|
| 1525 | + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) & |
|---|
| 1526 | + tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1527 | |
|---|
| 1528 | ! |
|---|
| 1529 | !-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!) |
|---|
| 1530 | m_soil_p(:,j,i) = MAX(m_soil_p(:,j,i),0.0_wp) |
|---|
| 1531 | |
|---|
| 1532 | ! |
|---|
| 1533 | !-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step |
|---|
| 1534 | IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN |
|---|
| 1535 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN |
|---|
| 1536 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1537 | tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k) |
|---|
| 1538 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1539 | ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & |
|---|
| 1540 | intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN |
|---|
| 1541 | DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil |
|---|
| 1542 | tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp & |
|---|
| 1543 | * tm_soil_m(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 1544 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1545 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1546 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1547 | |
|---|
| 1548 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1549 | |
|---|
| 1550 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1551 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1552 | |
|---|
| 1553 | ! |
|---|
| 1554 | !-- Calculate surface specific humidity |
|---|
| 1555 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1556 | CALL calc_q_surface |
|---|
| 1557 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1558 | |
|---|
| 1559 | |
|---|
| 1560 | END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model |
|---|
| 1561 | |
|---|
| 1562 | |
|---|
| 1563 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1564 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1565 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1566 | ! Calculation of specific humidity of the surface layer (surface) |
|---|
| 1567 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1568 | SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface |
|---|
| 1569 | |
|---|
| 1570 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1571 | |
|---|
| 1572 | INTEGER :: i !: running index |
|---|
| 1573 | INTEGER :: j !: running index |
|---|
| 1574 | INTEGER :: k !: running index |
|---|
| 1575 | REAL(wp) :: resistance !: aerodynamic and soil resistance term |
|---|
| 1576 | |
|---|
| 1577 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 1578 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 1579 | k = nzb_s_inner(j,i) |
|---|
| 1580 | |
|---|
| 1581 | ! |
|---|
| 1582 | !-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation |
|---|
| 1583 | e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1584 | - 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) & |
|---|
| 1585 | - 35.86_wp ) ) |
|---|
| 1586 | |
|---|
| 1587 | ! |
|---|
| 1588 | !-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation |
|---|
| 1589 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure |
|---|
| 1590 | |
|---|
| 1591 | |
|---|
| 1592 | resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i)) |
|---|
| 1593 | |
|---|
| 1594 | ! |
|---|
| 1595 | !-- Calculate specific humidity at surface |
|---|
| 1596 | q_p(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) & |
|---|
| 1597 | * q_p(k+1,j,i) |
|---|
| 1598 | |
|---|
| 1599 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1600 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1601 | |
|---|
| 1602 | END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface |
|---|
| 1603 | |
|---|
| 1604 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1605 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1606 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1607 | ! Swapping of timelevels |
|---|
| 1608 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1609 | SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count ) |
|---|
| 1610 | |
|---|
| 1611 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1612 | |
|---|
| 1613 | INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count |
|---|
| 1614 | |
|---|
| 1615 | #if defined( __nopointer ) |
|---|
| 1616 | |
|---|
| 1617 | t_surface = t_surface_p |
|---|
| 1618 | t_soil = t_soil_p |
|---|
| 1619 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1620 | m_soil = m_soil_p |
|---|
| 1621 | m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p |
|---|
| 1622 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1623 | |
|---|
| 1624 | #else |
|---|
| 1625 | |
|---|
| 1626 | SELECT CASE ( mod_count ) |
|---|
| 1627 | |
|---|
| 1628 | CASE ( 0 ) |
|---|
| 1629 | |
|---|
| 1630 | t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2 |
|---|
| 1631 | t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2 |
|---|
| 1632 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1633 | m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2 |
|---|
| 1634 | m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2 |
|---|
| 1635 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1636 | |
|---|
| 1637 | |
|---|
| 1638 | CASE ( 1 ) |
|---|
| 1639 | |
|---|
| 1640 | t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1 |
|---|
| 1641 | t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1 |
|---|
| 1642 | IF ( humidity ) THEN |
|---|
| 1643 | m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1 |
|---|
| 1644 | m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1 |
|---|
| 1645 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1646 | |
|---|
| 1647 | END SELECT |
|---|
| 1648 | #endif |
|---|
| 1649 | |
|---|
| 1650 | END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel |
|---|
| 1651 | |
|---|
| 1652 | |
|---|
| 1653 | END MODULE land_surface_model_mod |
|---|
