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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model.f90 @ 1601

Last change on this file since 1601 was 1591, checked in by maronga, 10 years ago
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[1496]	1	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
	2
	3	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	4	! This file is part of PALM.
	5	!
	6	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	7	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	8	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
	17	! Copyright 1997-2014 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
	18	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
[1552]	22	!
[1591]	23	!
[1552]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: land_surface_model.f90 1591 2015-05-08 13:57:15Z raasch $
	27	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
[1591]	28	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
	29	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
	30	!
[1586]	31	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
	32	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
	33	!
[1572]	34	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
	35	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
	36	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
	37	!
[1556]	38	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
	39	! Added output of r_a and r_s
	40	!
[1554]	41	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
	42	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
	43	! profile
	44	!
[1552]	45	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
[1551]	46	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
	47	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
	48	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
	49	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
	50	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
	51	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
	52	! calculation
[1496]	53	!
[1514]	54	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
[1496]	55	!
[1501]	56	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
	57	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
	58	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
	59	! Added support for dry runs.
	60	!
[1497]	61	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	62	! Initial revision
	63	!
[1496]	64	!
	65	! Description:
	66	! ------------
	67	! Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
	68	! surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
	69	! scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
	70	! H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
[1551]	71	! DALES and UCLA-LES models.
[1500]	72	!
	73	! To do list:
	74	! -----------
[1551]	75	! - Check dewfall parametrization for fog simulations
	76	! - Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the surface layer
[1500]	77	! - Allow for water surfaces, check performance for bare soils
[1551]	78	! - Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0, nzt_soil=3))
	79	! - Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES with
	80	! considerable precipitation
[1571]	81	!
[1551]	82	! Notes:
	83	! ------
	84	! - No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not become
	85	! too thin
[1496]	86	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	87	USE arrays_3d, &
[1585]	88	ONLY: pt, pt_p, q_p, qsws, rif, shf, ts, us, z0, z0h
[1496]	89
	90	USE cloud_parameters, &
[1551]	91	ONLY: cp, l_d_r, l_v, precipitation_rate, rho_l, r_d, r_v
[1496]	92
	93	USE control_parameters, &
[1551]	94	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	95	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	96	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, rho_surface, &
	97	roughness_length, surface_pressure, timestep_scheme, tsc, &
[1585]	98	z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
[1496]	99
	100	USE indices, &
[1585]	101	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
[1496]	102
	103	USE kinds
	104
[1551]	105	USE netcdf_control, &
	106	ONLY: dots_label, dots_num, dots_unit
	107
[1496]	108	USE radiation_model_mod, &
[1585]	109	ONLY: radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, sigma_sb
[1496]	110
[1551]	111	USE statistics, &
	112	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
[1496]	113
	114	IMPLICIT NONE
	115
	116	!
	117	!-- LSM model constants
[1551]	118	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !: bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
	119	nzt_soil = 3, & !: top of the soil model (to be switched)
	120	nzs = 4 !: number of soil layers (fixed for now)
[1496]	121
[1551]	122	INTEGER(iwp) :: dots_soil = 0 !: starting index for timeseries output
	123
	124	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(0:1) :: id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, &
	125	id_dim_zs_3d, id_var_zs_xy, &
	126	id_var_zs_xz, id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d
	127
	128	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1:max_masks,0:1) :: id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_mask
	129
[1496]	130	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
[1551]	131	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
	132	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
[1496]	133	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
	134	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
	135	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
[1551]	136	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
	137	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
[1496]	138	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
	139
	140
	141	!
	142	!-- LSM variables
	143	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !: vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
	144	soil_type = 3 !: soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-6: generic (see list)
	145
	146	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !: open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
[1551]	147	dewfall = .TRUE., & !: allow/inhibit dewfall
[1496]	148	land_surface = .FALSE. !: flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
	149
	150	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
	151	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
[1551]	152	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST alpha_vg
	153	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST g_d
	154	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !: Surface (skin) heat capacity
[1496]	155	drho_l_lv, & !: (rho_l * l_v)**-1
	156	exn, & !: value of the Exner function
	157	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !: saturation water vapour pressure
[1551]	158	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_fc
	159	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST f_sw_in
	160	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
	161	ke = 0.0_wp, & !: Kersten number
	162	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
	163	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
	164	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST lai
	165	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST l_vg
	166	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST r_canopy_min
	167	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !: NAMELIST r_soil_min
	168	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !: weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
	169	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST n_vg
[1496]	170	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !: saturation specific humidity
[1551]	171	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_res
[1496]	172	rho_cp, & !: rho_surface * cp
	173	rho_lv, & !: rho * l_v
	174	rd_d_rv, & !: r_d / r_v
[1551]	175	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_sat
[1496]	176	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST c_veg
[1551]	177	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST m_wilt
	178	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !: NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
	179	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp !: NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
[1496]	180
[1551]	181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
[1496]	182	ddz_soil, & !: 1/dz_soil
	183	ddz_soil_stag, & !: 1/dz_soil_stag
	184	dz_soil, & !: soil grid spacing (center-center)
	185	dz_soil_stag, & !: soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
	186	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !: root extraction
[1551]	187	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
	188	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !: distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
	189	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !: soil layer depths (m)
[1500]	190	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !: soil moisture content (m3/m3)
[1496]	191
[1551]	192	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
[1553]	193	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, &
	194	283.0_wp /) !: soil temperature (K)
[1496]	195
	196	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1551]	197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !: surface temperature (K)
	198	t_surface_p, & !: progn. surface temperature (K)
	199	m_liq_eb, & !: liquid water reservoir (m)
	200	m_liq_eb_av, & !: liquid water reservoir (m)
	201	m_liq_eb_p !: progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
[1496]	202	#else
[1551]	203	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
	204	t_surface_p, &
	205	m_liq_eb, &
	206	m_liq_eb_p
[1496]	207
[1551]	208	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
	209	m_liq_eb_av, &
	210	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
[1496]	211	#endif
	212
	213	!
	214	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
[1551]	215	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !: surface temperature tendency (K)
	216	tm_liq_eb_m !: liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
[1496]	217
	218	!
	219	!-- Energy balance variables
	220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1551]	221	alpha_vg, & !: coef. of Van Genuchten
	222	c_liq, & !: liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
	223	c_liq_av, & !: average of c_liq
	224	c_soil_av, & !: average of c_soil
	225	c_veg, & !: vegetation coverage
	226	c_veg_av, & !: average of c_veg
	227	f_sw_in, & !: fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
	228	ghf_eb, & !: ground heat flux
	229	ghf_eb_av, & !: average of ghf_eb
	230	gamma_w_sat, & !: hydraulic conductivity at saturation
	231	g_d, & !: coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
	232	lai, & !: leaf area index
	233	lai_av, & !: average of lai
	234	lambda_h_sat, & !: heat conductivity for dry soil
	235	lambda_surface_s, & !: coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
	236	lambda_surface_u, & !: coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
	237	l_vg, & !: coef. of Van Genuchten
	238	m_fc, & !: soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
	239	m_res, & !: residual soil moisture
	240	m_sat, & !: saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
	241	m_wilt, & !: soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
	242	n_vg, & !: coef. Van Genuchten
	243	qsws_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (total)
	244	qsws_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_eb
	245	qsws_liq_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
	246	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_liq_eb
	247	qsws_soil_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
	248	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_soil_eb
	249	qsws_veg_eb, & !: surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
	250	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !: average of qsws_veg_eb
[1585]	251	rad_net_l, & !: local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
[1551]	252	r_a, & !: aerodynamic resistance
[1555]	253	r_a_av, & !: avergae of r_a
[1551]	254	r_canopy, & !: canopy resistance
	255	r_soil, & !: soil resitance
	256	r_soil_min, & !: minimum soil resistance
[1555]	257	r_s, & !: total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
	258	r_s_av, & !: avergae of r_s
[1551]	259	r_canopy_min, & !: minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
	260	shf_eb, & !: surface flux of sensible heat
	261	shf_eb_av !: average of shf_eb
[1496]	262
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
	264	lambda_h, & !: heat conductivity of soil (?)
	265	lambda_w, & !: hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
	266	gamma_w, & !: hydraulic conductivity of soil (?)
[1551]	267	rho_c_total !: volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
[1496]	268
	269	#if defined( __nopointer )
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1551]	271	t_soil, & !: Soil temperature (K)
	272	t_soil_av, & !: Average of t_soil
	273	t_soil_p, & !: Prog. soil temperature (K)
[1496]	274	m_soil, & !: Soil moisture (m3/m3)
[1551]	275	m_soil_av, & !: Average of m_soil
[1496]	276	m_soil_p !: Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
	277	#else
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
[1551]	279	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
[1496]	280	m_soil, m_soil_p
	281
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1551]	283	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
	284	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
[1496]	285	#endif
	286
	287
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1551]	289	tt_soil_m, & !: t_soil storage array
[1496]	290	tm_soil_m, & !: m_soil storage array
	291	root_fr !: root fraction (sum=1)
	292
[1551]	293
[1496]	294	!
[1551]	295	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
[1585]	296	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:19), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
[1590]	297	'user defined ', & ! 0
	298	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
	299	'short grass ', & ! 2
[1585]	300	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
	301	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
[1590]	302	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
	303	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
	304	'tall grass ', & ! 7
	305	'desert ', & ! 8
	306	'tundra ', & ! 9
	307	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
	308	'semidesert ', & ! 11
	309	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
	310	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
	311	'inland water ', & ! 14
	312	'ocean ', & ! 15
	313	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
	314	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
	315	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
	316	'interrupted forest ' & ! 19
[1585]	317	/)
[1496]	318
	319	!
[1551]	320	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
[1585]	321	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
	322	'user defined', & ! 0
[1590]	323	'coarse ', & ! 1
	324	'medium ', & ! 2
	325	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
	326	'fine ', & ! 4
	327	'very fine ', & ! 5
	328	'organic ', & ! 6
	329	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
[1585]	330	/)
[1551]	331	!
	332	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
	333
	334	!
	335	!-- Land surface parameters I
	336	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
[1585]	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
	338	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
	339	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
	340	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	341	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	342	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	343	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
	344	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
	345	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	346	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	347	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
	348	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
	349	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	350	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
	351	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	352	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	353	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
	354	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
	355	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
	356	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19
[1496]	357	/), (/ 4, 19 /) )
	358
	359	!
	360	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h
[1585]	361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:1,1:19), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
	362	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
	363	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
	364	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
	365	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
	366	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
	367	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
	368	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
	369	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
	370	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
	371	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
	372	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
	373	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
	374	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
	375	0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 14
	376	0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 15
	377	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
	378	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
	379	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
	380	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp & ! 19
[1496]	381	/), (/ 2, 19 /) )
	382
	383	!
[1551]	384	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
[1585]	385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:19), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
	386	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
	387	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
	388	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	389	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	390	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	391	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
	392	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
	393	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	394	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
	395	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
	396	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
	397	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	398	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
	399	1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	400	1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	401	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
	402	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
	403	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
	404	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19
[1496]	405	/), (/ 3, 19 /) )
	406
	407	!
	408	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
[1585]	409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
	410	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
	411	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
	412	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
	413	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
	414	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
	415	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
	416	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
	417	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	418	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	419	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
	420	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
	421	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	422	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
	423	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	424	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	425	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
	426	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
	427	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
	428	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp & ! 19
[1496]	429	/), (/ 4, 19 /) )
	430
	431	!
	432	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
[1551]	433
[1496]	434	!
[1551]	435	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
[1585]	436	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	437	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
	438	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
	439	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
	440	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
	441	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	442	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
	443	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
	444	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	445
	446	!
	447	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
[1585]	448	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	449	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
	450	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
	451	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
	452	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
	453	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	454	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
	455	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
	456	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	457
	458
	459	SAVE
	460
	461
	462	PRIVATE
	463
	464
[1551]	465	!
	466	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
	467	PUBLIC alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
	468	conserve_water_content, dewfall, field_capacity, &
	469	f_shortwave_incoming, hydraulic_conductivity, init_lsm, &
	470	init_lsm_arrays, lambda_surface_stable, lambda_surface_unstable, &
	471	land_surface, leaf_area_index, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_soil_model, &
	472	lsm_swap_timelevel, l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
	473	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, residual_moisture, rho_cp, &
	474	rho_lv, root_fraction, saturation_moisture, soil_moisture, &
	475	soil_temperature, soil_type, soil_type_name, vegetation_coverage, &
	476	veg_type, veg_type_name, wilting_point, z0_eb, z0h_eb
[1496]	477
[1551]	478	!
	479	!-- Public grid and NetCDF variables
	480	PUBLIC dots_soil, id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, &
	481	id_dim_zs_3d, id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_xy, id_var_zs_xz, &
	482	id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d, id_var_zs_mask, nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil,&
	483	zs
[1496]	484
	485
[1551]	486	!
	487	!-- Public 2D output variables
	488	PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, &
	489	lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, &
	490	qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, &
[1555]	491	r_a, r_a_av, r_s, r_s_av, shf_eb, shf_eb_av
[1551]	492
	493
	494	!
	495	!-- Public prognostic variables
	496	PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av
	497
[1496]	498	INTERFACE init_lsm
	499	MODULE PROCEDURE init_lsm
	500	END INTERFACE init_lsm
	501
	502	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	503	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
	504	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	505
	506	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	507	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
	508	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	509
[1551]	510	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
	511	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
	512	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
[1496]	513
	514	CONTAINS
	515
	516
	517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	518	! Description:
	519	! ------------
[1551]	520	!-- Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
[1496]	521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	522	SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
[1496]	523
	524
	525	IMPLICIT NONE
	526
	527	!
[1551]	528	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
[1496]	529	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1551]	530	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	531	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	532	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	533	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	534	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	535	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	536	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	537	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	538	#else
[1551]	539	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	540	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	541	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	542	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	543	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	544	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	545	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	546	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	547	#endif
	548
	549	!
[1551]	550	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
	551	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	552	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	553	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	554	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	555
	556	!
	557	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
[1551]	558	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	559	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	560	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	561	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	562	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	563	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	564	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	565	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	566	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	567	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	568	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	569	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	570	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	571	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	572	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	573	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	574	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	575	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	576	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	577	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	578	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1585]	579	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	580	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	581	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	582	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	583	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	584	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	585	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	586	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	587
[1551]	588	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
[1496]	589	!
[1585]	590	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
[1551]	591	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	592	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	593	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	594	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	595	#endif
[1496]	596
	597
[1551]	598	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
[1500]	599
[1551]	600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	601	! Description:
	602	! ------------
	603	!-- Initialization of the land surface model
	604	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	605	SUBROUTINE init_lsm
	606
	607
	608	IMPLICIT NONE
	609
	610	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index
	611	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index
	612	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !: running index
	613
	614
	615	!
	616	!-- Calculate Exner function
	617	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	618
	619
	620	!
	621	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
	622	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
	623	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
	624	ENDIF
	625
	626	!
	627	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
	628	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
	629	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
	630	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
	631	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
	632
	633	!
	634	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
	635	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
	636	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
	637	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
	638	c_liq = 0.0_wp
	639
	640	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
	641	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
	642
[1500]	643	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	644	qsws_eb = rho_l * l_v * qsws
[1500]	645	ELSE
[1551]	646	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
[1500]	647	ENDIF
	648
[1551]	649	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	650	qsws_soil_eb = qsws_eb
	651	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
[1496]	652
	653	r_a = 50.0_wp
[1551]	654	r_s = 50.0_wp
[1496]	655	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
	656	r_soil = 0.0_wp
	657
	658	!
	659	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
[1551]	660	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	661	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	662	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	663
	664	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
	665	!
	666	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
	667	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	668	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	669	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	670
	671	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
	672	ENDIF
	673
	674	!
	675	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
	676	!-- the center of the soil layers, whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
	677	!-- at the edges (_stag)
[1551]	678	dz_soil_stag(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
[1496]	679
[1551]	680	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	681	dz_soil_stag(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
[1496]	682	ENDDO
	683
[1551]	684	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	685	dz_soil(k) = 0.5 * (dz_soil_stag(k+1) + dz_soil_stag(k))
	686	ENDDO
[1551]	687	dz_soil(nzt_soil) = dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
[1496]	688
[1551]	689	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
	690	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
	691
[1496]	692	!
[1551]	693	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
	694	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
	695	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
	696	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
	697
	698	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	699	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	700	ENDIF
	701
	702	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	703	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	704	ENDIF
	705
	706	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	707	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	708	ENDIF
	709
	710	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	711	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	712	ENDIF
	713
	714	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	715	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	716	ENDIF
	717
	718	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	719	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	720	ENDIF
	721
	722	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	723	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	724	ENDIF
	725
	726	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	727	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	728	ENDIF
	729
[1496]	730	ENDIF
	731
[1551]	732	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
	733	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
	734	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
	735	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
	736	m_sat = saturation_moisture
	737	m_fc = field_capacity
	738	m_wilt = wilting_point
	739	m_res = residual_moisture
	740	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
	741
[1496]	742	!
[1551]	743	!-- Initial run actions
	744	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[1496]	745
[1551]	746	t_soil = 0.0_wp
	747	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	748	m_soil = 0.0_wp
[1496]	749
[1551]	750	!
	751	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
	752	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
	753	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
	754	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	755	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
	756	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
	757	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
	758	ENDDO
	759	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
[1496]	760
[1551]	761	!
	762	!-- Calculate surface temperature
	763	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
[1496]	764
	765	!
[1551]	766	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value for
	767	!-- the first time step
	768	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	769	DO j = nysg, nyng
	770	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	771
	772	!
	773	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
	774	IF ( pt(k+1,j,i) == pt(k,j,i) ) pt(k+1,j,i) = pt(k+1,j,i) &
	775	+ 1.0E-10_wp
	776
	777	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
	778	ts(j,i) = (pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
	779	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
	780	ENDDO
	781	ENDDO
	782
	783	!
	784	!-- Actions for restart runs
	785	ELSE
	786
	787	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	788	DO j = nysg, nyng
	789	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	790	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
	791	ENDDO
	792	ENDDO
	793
	794	ENDIF
	795
	796	!
[1496]	797	!-- Calculate saturation soil heat conductivity
	798	lambda_h_sat(:,:) = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(:,:)) * &
	799	lambda_h_water ** m_sat(:,:)
	800
	801
	802
	803
[1551]	804	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	805	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
	806	ENDDO
[1496]	807
[1551]	808	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
	809	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	810	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
	811	ENDIF
	812	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	813	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
	814	ENDIF
	815	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	816	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
	817	ENDIF
	818	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	819	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
	820	ENDIF
	821	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	822	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
	823	ENDIF
	824	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	825	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
	826	ENDIF
	827	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	828	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
	829	ENDIF
	830	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	831	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	832	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	833	ENDIF
	834	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	835	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
	836	ENDIF
	837	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / z0_eb
[1496]	838
[1551]	839	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	840	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	841	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	842	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	843	ENDDO
	844	ENDIF
[1496]	845
[1553]	846	ELSE
	847
	848	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	849	z0_eb = roughness_length
	850	ENDIF
	851	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	852	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	853	ENDIF
	854
[1496]	855	ENDIF
	856
	857	!
[1551]	858	!-- Initialize vegetation
	859	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
	860	lai = leaf_area_index
	861	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
	862	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
	863	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
	864	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
	865	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
	866	z0 = z0_eb
	867	z0h = z0h_eb
	868
	869	!
[1496]	870	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
	871	CALL user_init_land_surface
	872
[1500]	873
[1551]	874	t_soil_p = t_soil
	875	m_soil_p = m_soil
	876	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
[1496]	877
[1551]	878	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
	879	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
	880	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	881	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	882	statistic_regions+1 )
	883	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	884	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	885	statistic_regions+1 )
	886
[1496]	887	!
	888	!-- Calculate humidity at the surface
	889	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	890	CALL calc_q_surface
[1496]	891	ENDIF
	892
[1551]	893
	894
	895	!
	896	!-- Add timeseries for land surface model
[1585]	897
[1551]	898	dots_label(dots_num+1) = "ghf_eb"
	899	dots_label(dots_num+2) = "shf_eb"
	900	dots_label(dots_num+3) = "qsws_eb"
	901	dots_label(dots_num+4) = "qsws_liq_eb"
	902	dots_label(dots_num+5) = "qsws_soil_eb"
	903	dots_label(dots_num+6) = "qsws_veg_eb"
	904	dots_unit(dots_num+1:dots_num+6) = "W/m2"
	905
[1555]	906	dots_label(dots_num+7) = "r_a"
	907	dots_label(dots_num+8) = "r_s"
	908	dots_unit(dots_num+7:dots_num+8) = "s/m"
	909
[1551]	910	dots_soil = dots_num + 1
[1555]	911	dots_num = dots_num + 8
[1551]	912
[1496]	913	RETURN
	914
	915	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm
	916
	917
	918
	919	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	920	! Description:
	921	! ------------
[1551]	922	! Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
[1496]	923	!
[1551]	924	! Note: surface fluxes are calculated in the land surface model, but these are
	925	! not used in the atmospheric code. The fluxes are calculated afterwards in
	926	! prandtl_fluxes using the surface values of temperature and humidity as
	927	! provided by the land surface model. In this way, the fluxes in the land
	928	! surface model are not equal to the ones calculated in prandtl_fluxes
[1496]	929	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	930	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	931
	932
	933	IMPLICIT NONE
	934
	935	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index
	936	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index
	937	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !: running index
	938
	939	REAL(wp) :: f1, & !: resistance correction term 1
	940	f2, & !: resistance correction term 2
	941	f3, & !: resistance correction term 3
	942	m_min, & !: minimum soil moisture
	943	T_1, & !: actual temperature at first grid point
	944	e, & !: water vapour pressure
	945	e_s, & !: water vapour saturation pressure
[1571]	946	e_s_dt, & !: derivate of e_s with respect to T
[1496]	947	tend, & !: tendency
[1571]	948	dq_s_dt, & !: derivate of q_s with respect to T
[1496]	949	coef_1, & !: coef. for prognostic equation
	950	coef_2, & !: coef. for prognostic equation
[1551]	951	f_qsws, & !: factor for qsws_eb
	952	f_qsws_veg, & !: factor for qsws_veg_eb
	953	f_qsws_soil, & !: factor for qsws_soil_eb
	954	f_qsws_liq, & !: factor for qsws_liq_eb
	955	f_shf, & !: factor for shf_eb
	956	lambda_surface, & !: Current value of lambda_surface
	957	m_liq_eb_max !: maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
[1496]	958
[1551]	959
[1496]	960	!
	961	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
	962	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	963
[1585]	964
[1496]	965
	966	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	967	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1500]	968	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
[1496]	969
	970	!
[1551]	971	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification
[1496]	972	IF ( rif(j,i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	973	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
[1496]	974	ELSE
[1551]	975	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
[1496]	976	ENDIF
[1500]	977
[1496]	978	!
[1500]	979	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
	980	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
	981	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
	982	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
[1551]	983	r_a(j,i) = (pt(k+1,j,i) - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + &
	984	1.0E-20_wp)
[1496]	985
	986	!
	987	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
	988	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
	989
[1551]	990	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
	991	!-- night)
[1585]	992	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
	993	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) /&
	994	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
	995	+ 1.0_wp)) )
[1551]	996	ELSE
	997	f1 = 1.0_wp
	998	ENDIF
[1496]	999
	1000	!
[1551]	1001	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
	1002	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
	1003	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
[1496]	1004	m_total = 0.0_wp
[1551]	1005	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1006	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
	1007	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
[1496]	1008	ENDDO
	1009
[1551]	1010	IF ( m_total .GT. m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total .LT. m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1496]	1011	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
[1551]	1012	ELSEIF ( m_total .GE. m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
	1013	f2 = 1.0_wp
[1496]	1014	ELSE
	1015	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
	1016	ENDIF
	1017
	1018	!
	1019	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1551]	1020	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1021	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1022
	1023	!
	1024	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
[1551]	1025	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1026	!
	1027	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
[1551]	1028	e = q_p(k+1,j,i) * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
	1029	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
[1496]	1030	ELSE
	1031	f3 = 1.0_wp
	1032	ENDIF
	1033
	1034	!
[1551]	1035	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
	1036	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
[1496]	1037	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
[1551]	1038	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
	1039	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
[1496]	1040
	1041	!
[1551]	1042	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
	1043	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
	1044	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
	1045	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
	1046	m_res(j,i)
	1047	ELSE
	1048	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
	1049	ENDIF
[1496]	1050
[1551]	1051	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
[1513]	1052	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
[1551]	1053	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
[1496]	1054
	1055	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
	1056
	1057	!
	1058	!-- Calculate fraction of liquid water reservoir
[1551]	1059	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * lai(j,i)
	1060	c_liq(j,i) = MIN(1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / (m_liq_eb_max+1.0E-20_wp))
	1061
[1496]	1062
[1551]	1063	!
	1064	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
[1496]	1065	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
[1500]	1066
	1067	!
[1551]	1068	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
	1069	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
	1070	IF ( humidity .AND. dewfall .AND. q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i) ) THEN
	1071	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1072	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1496]	1073	ENDIF
	1074
	1075	!
	1076	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
[1551]	1077	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
	1078	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
[1496]	1079
[1551]	1080	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
	1081	r_soil(j,i))
	1082	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1083
[1551]	1084
[1500]	1085	!
	1086	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
	1087	!-- transpirate.
[1551]	1088	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .LT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	1089	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1090	! ENDIF
[1496]	1091
	1092	!
[1551]	1093	!-- If dewfall is deactivated, vegetation, soil and liquid water
	1094	!-- reservoir are not allowed to take up water from the super-saturated
	1095	!-- air.
	1096	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1097	IF ( q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i) ) THEN
	1098	IF ( .NOT. dewfall ) THEN
	1099	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1100	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1101	f_qsws_liq = 0.0_wp
	1102	ENDIF
	1103	ENDIF
	1104	ENDIF
	1105
	1106	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
	1107	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
	1108
	1109	!
[1496]	1110	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
[1571]	1111	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
[1551]	1112	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
	1113	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
[1496]	1114
[1571]	1115	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
[1496]	1116
	1117	T_1 = pt_p(k+1,j,i) * exn
	1118
	1119	!
	1120	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
[1585]	1121	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 4
[1496]	1122
[1500]	1123	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1124
[1496]	1125	!
[1500]	1126	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1585]	1127	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 4&
[1551]	1128	+ f_shf / exn * T_1 + f_qsws * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
[1571]	1129	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1130	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1496]	1131
	1132	!
[1500]	1133	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1571]	1134	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
	1135	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1496]	1136
[1500]	1137	ELSE
	1138
	1139	!
	1140	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1585]	1141	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 4&
[1551]	1142	+ f_shf / exn * T_1 + lambda_surface &
	1143	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1500]	1144
	1145	!
	1146	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1571]	1147	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
[1551]	1148	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1500]	1149
	1150	ENDIF
	1151
[1496]	1152	tend = 0.0_wp
	1153
	1154	!
[1551]	1155	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
[1496]	1156	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
[1551]	1157	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface * &
	1158	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface + coef_2 * dt_3d&
	1159	* tsc(2) )
[1496]	1160	!
	1161	!-- Add RK3 term
[1551]	1162	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1163	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
[1496]	1164
	1165	!
	1166	!-- Calculate true tendency
[1551]	1167	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1168	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
[1496]	1169	!
[1551]	1170	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1496]	1171	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1172	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1173	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
[1496]	1174	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1175	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1176	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1177	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
[1496]	1178	ENDIF
	1179	ENDIF
	1180
[1551]	1181	pt_p(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
[1496]	1182	!
	1183	!-- Calculate fluxes
[1585]	1184	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
[1571]	1185	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
[1551]	1186	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
	1187	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1188	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
	1189	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt_p(k+1,j,i) - pt_p(k,j,i) )
[1496]	1190
[1500]	1191	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1571]	1192	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s + dq_s_dt &
	1193	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1496]	1194
[1551]	1195	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
[1571]	1196	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1197	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1198
	1199	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
[1571]	1200	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1201	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1202
	1203	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s &
[1571]	1204	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1205	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1500]	1206	ENDIF
[1496]	1207
[1500]	1208	!
	1209	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
[1551]	1210	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) .EQ. 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1211	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
[1496]	1212	ELSE
[1571]	1213	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( q_p(k+1,j,i) - q_s + dq_s_dt &
	1214	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
[1551]	1215	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1216	ENDIF
	1217
	1218	!
	1219	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
[1500]	1220	!-- evaporation of liquid water
	1221	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1496]	1222	!
[1571]	1223	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
	1224	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
[1500]	1225	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
	1226	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
[1571]	1227
	1228	!
	1229	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
	1230	!-- Otherwise, add the water to bare soil fraction.
	1231	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) .EQ. m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
	1232	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
	1233	+ c_veg(j,i) * precipitation_rate(j,i) &
	1234	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1235	ELSE
	1236	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
	1237	+ c_veg(j,i) * precipitation_rate(j,i) &
	1238	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1239	ENDIF
	1240
	1241	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
	1242	!-- coverage.
	1243	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) * (1.0_wp &
	1244	- c_veg(j,i)) * precipitation_rate(j,i) &
	1245	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
[1496]	1246	ENDIF
[1500]	1247	!
	1248	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
	1249	IF ( q_s .LE. q_p(k+1,j,i)) THEN
	1250	!
[1551]	1251	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
	1252	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
	1253	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
	1254	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
	1255	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) .EQ. m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
	1256	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
	1257	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
	1258	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1259	ENDIF
[1496]	1260
	1261	!
[1551]	1262	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
	1263	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
[1500]	1264	!-- plant
[1551]	1265	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) .LT. 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1266	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
	1267	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1268	ENDIF
	1269	ENDIF
[1496]	1270
[1551]	1271	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
[1496]	1272
[1551]	1273	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
	1274	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
[1496]	1275
	1276	!
[1500]	1277	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
	1278	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1279	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
[1496]	1280
	1281	!
[1500]	1282	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
	1283	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1284	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
[1496]	1285
	1286
	1287	!
[1551]	1288	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1500]	1289	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1290	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1291	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
[1500]	1292	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1293	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1294	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1295	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
[1500]	1296	ENDIF
[1496]	1297	ENDIF
	1298
[1500]	1299	ENDIF
	1300
[1496]	1301	ENDDO
[1500]	1302	ENDDO
[1496]	1303
	1304	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1305
	1306
	1307	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1308	! Description:
	1309	! ------------
	1310	!
[1551]	1311	! Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
	1312	! temperature and water content.
[1496]	1313	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1314	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	1315
	1316
	1317	IMPLICIT NONE
	1318
	1319	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !: running index
	1320	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !: running index
	1321	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !: running index
	1322
[1551]	1323	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !: Van Genuchten coef. h
[1496]	1324
[1551]	1325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !: temp. gamma
[1496]	1326	lambda_temp, & !: temp. lambda
	1327	tend !: tendency
	1328
	1329	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1330	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1551]	1331	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1496]	1332	!
	1333	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking into
	1334	!-- account water content
[1551]	1335	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
	1336	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
[1496]	1337
	1338	!
	1339	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
	1340	!-- layers
[1551]	1341	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) / m_sat(j,i)))
	1342	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat(j,i) + lambda_h_dry) + &
[1496]	1343	lambda_h_dry
	1344
	1345	ENDDO
	1346
	1347	!
	1348	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
	1349	!-- using linear interpolation
[1551]	1350	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	1351
	1352	lambda_h(k,j,i) = lambda_temp(k) + &
	1353	( lambda_temp(k+1) - lambda_temp(k) ) &
	1354	* 0.5 * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1)
	1355
	1356	ENDDO
[1551]	1357	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1358
	1359	!
[1551]	1360	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
[1496]	1361	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1551]	1362	tend(0) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
	1363	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
	1364	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil) &
	1365	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	1366
[1551]	1367	DO k = 1, nzt_soil
	1368	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
[1496]	1369	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
[1551]	1370	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
[1496]	1371	* ddz_soil(k) &
	1372	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
[1551]	1373	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
[1496]	1374	* ddz_soil(k-1) &
	1375	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
	1376	ENDDO
	1377
[1551]	1378	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) &
[1496]	1379	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
	1380	* tend(:) + tsc(3) &
[1551]	1381	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
[1496]	1382
	1383	!
[1551]	1384	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1496]	1385	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1386	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1387	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1388	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
[1496]	1389	ENDDO
	1390	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1391	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1392	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1393	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
	1394	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1496]	1395	ENDDO
	1396	ENDIF
	1397	ENDIF
	1398
	1399
[1551]	1400	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1401
[1496]	1402	!
	1403	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
[1551]	1404	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
[1496]	1405	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX(m_soil(k,j,i), &
[1551]	1406	m_wilt(j,i)) / m_sat(j,i) )**(b_ch + 2.0_wp)
[1496]	1407
	1408	!
[1551]	1409	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
	1410	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
	1411	!
	1412	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
	1413	!-- (1980)
	1414	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
	1415	MAX(m_soil(k,j,i),m_wilt(j,i)) ) )**(n_vg(j,i) &
	1416	/ (n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp)) - 1.0_wp &
	1417	)**(1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) / alpha_vg(j,i)
[1496]	1418
[1551]	1419	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
	1420	(alpha_vg(j,i)h_vg)n_vg(j,i))*(1.0_wp &
	1421	-1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) - (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg &
	1422	)(n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp))2 ) &
	1423	/ ( (1.0_wp + (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg &
	1424	)n_vg(j,i))((1.0_wp - 1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) &
	1425	*(l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp)) )
[1496]	1426
[1551]	1427	!
	1428	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
	1429	ELSE
	1430	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) &
	1431	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
	1432	ENDIF
	1433
[1496]	1434	ENDDO
	1435
	1436
	1437	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1438	!
	1439	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
[1551]	1440	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
	1441	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
	1442	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	1443
	1444	lambda_w(k,j,i) = lambda_temp(k) + &
	1445	( lambda_temp(k+1) - lambda_temp(k) ) &
[1551]	1446	* 0.5_wp * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1)
[1496]	1447	gamma_w(k,j,i) = gamma_temp(k) + &
	1448	( gamma_temp(k+1) - gamma_temp(k) ) &
[1551]	1449	* 0.5_wp * dz_soil_stag(k) * ddz_soil(k+1)
[1496]	1450
	1451	ENDDO
	1452
	1453	!
	1454	!
	1455	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved), set
	1456	!-- hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be lost
	1457	!-- in the bottom layer.
	1458	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
[1551]	1459	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1496]	1460	ELSE
[1551]	1461	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1462	ENDIF
	1463
[1551]	1464	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l * l_v))
[1496]	1465	!-- ensures the mass conservation for water. The transpiration of
	1466	!-- plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by the roots in the
	1467	!-- soil. The scheme takes into account the availability of water
	1468	!-- in the soil layers as well as the root fraction in the
[1551]	1469	!-- respective layer. Layer with moisture below wilting point will
	1470	!-- not contribute, which reflects the preference of plants to
	1471	!-- take water from moister layers.
[1496]	1472
	1473	!
[1551]	1474	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, modified so that the
	1475	!-- sum of root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
	1476	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
	1477	!-- additional check.
	1478
[1496]	1479	m_total = 0.0_wp
[1551]	1480	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1481	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .GT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	1482	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
	1483	ENDIF
[1496]	1484	ENDDO
	1485
[1551]	1486	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1487	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) .GT. m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	1488	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) / m_total
	1489	ELSE
	1490	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
	1491	ENDIF
[1496]	1492	ENDDO
	1493
	1494	!
	1495	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil
	1496	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1551]	1497	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
	1498	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
	1499	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
	1500	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
	1501	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
	1502	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	1503
[1551]	1504	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	1505	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
	1506	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k) - gamma_w(k,j,i)&
	1507	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
	1508	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k-1) &
[1551]	1509	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
	1510	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
[1496]	1511	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
	1512
	1513	ENDDO
[1551]	1514	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	1515	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
	1516	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	1517	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
	1518	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil-1) &
	1519	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
	1520	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
	1521	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
	1522	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1523
[1551]	1524	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
[1496]	1525	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
	1526	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
	1527
	1528	!
	1529	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
	1530	m_soil_p(:,j,i) = MAX(m_soil_p(:,j,i),0.0_wp)
	1531
	1532	!
	1533	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1534	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1535	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1536	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1496]	1537	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	1538	ENDDO
	1539	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1540	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1541	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1496]	1542	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
	1543	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
	1544	ENDDO
	1545	ENDIF
	1546	ENDIF
	1547
	1548	ENDIF
	1549
	1550	ENDDO
	1551	ENDDO
	1552
	1553	!
	1554	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
	1555	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	1556	CALL calc_q_surface
[1496]	1557	ENDIF
	1558
	1559
	1560	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	1561
	1562
	1563	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1564	! Description:
	1565	! ------------
[1551]	1566	! Calculation of specific humidity of the surface layer (surface)
[1496]	1567	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	1568	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	1569
	1570	IMPLICIT NONE
	1571
	1572	INTEGER :: i !: running index
	1573	INTEGER :: j !: running index
	1574	INTEGER :: k !: running index
	1575	REAL(wp) :: resistance !: aerodynamic and soil resistance term
	1576
	1577	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1578	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1579	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1580
	1581	!
	1582	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1551]	1583	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1584	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1585	- 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1586
	1587	!
	1588	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
	1589	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
	1590
	1591
	1592	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
	1593
	1594	!
	1595	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
	1596	q_p(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	1597	* q_p(k+1,j,i)
	1598
	1599	ENDDO
	1600	ENDDO
	1601
[1551]	1602	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	1603
[1551]	1604	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1605	! Description:
	1606	! ------------
	1607	! Swapping of timelevels
	1608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1609	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
[1496]	1610
[1551]	1611	IMPLICIT NONE
	1612
	1613	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
	1614
	1615	#if defined( __nopointer )
	1616
	1617	t_surface = t_surface_p
	1618	t_soil = t_soil_p
	1619	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1620	m_soil = m_soil_p
	1621	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
	1622	ENDIF
	1623
	1624	#else
	1625
	1626	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
	1627
	1628	CASE ( 0 )
	1629
[1585]	1630	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	1631	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
[1551]	1632	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1585]	1633	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	1634	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
[1551]	1635	ENDIF
	1636
	1637
	1638	CASE ( 1 )
	1639
[1585]	1640	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
	1641	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
[1551]	1642	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1585]	1643	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
	1644	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
[1551]	1645	ENDIF
	1646
	1647	END SELECT
	1648	#endif
	1649
	1650	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
	1651
	1652
[1496]	1653	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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