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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90 @ 727

Last change on this file since 727 was 714, checked in by suehring, 14 years ago
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1	#if defined( __ibmy_special )
2	@PROCESS NOOPTimize
3	#endif
4	SUBROUTINE init_3d_model
5
6	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
7	! Current revisions:
8	! -----------------
9	!
10	! Former revisions:
11	! -----------------
12	! $Id: init_3d_model.f90 714 2011-03-30 14:23:50Z suehring $
13	!
14	! 713 2011-03-30 14:21:21Z suehring
15	! Reformulate weight_substep and weight_pres as broken numbers.
16	!
17	! 709 2011-03-30 09:31:40Z raasch
18	! formatting adjustments
19	!
20	! 707 2011-03-29 11:39:40Z raasch
21	! p_sub renamed p_loc and allocated depending on the chosen pressure solver,
22	! initial assignments of zero to array p for iterative solvers only,
23	! bc_lr/ns replaced by bc_lr/ns_dirrad/raddir
24	!
25	! 680 2011-02-04 23:16:06Z gryschka
26	! bugfix: volume_flow_control
27	!
28	! 673 2011-01-18 16:19:48Z suehring
29	! weight_substep (moved from advec_ws) and weight_pres added.
30	! Allocate p_sub when using Multigrid or SOR solver.
31	! Call of ws_init moved behind the if requests.
32	!
33	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
34	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng in loops and
35	! allocation of arrays. Calls of exchange_horiz are modified.
36	! Call ws_init to initialize arrays needed for calculating statisticas and for
37	! optimization when ws-scheme is used.
38	! Initial volume flow is now calculated by using the variable hom_sum.
39	! Therefore the correction of initial volume flow for non-flat topography
40	! removed (removed u_nzb_p1_for_vfc and v_nzb_p1_for_vfc)
41	! Changed surface boundary conditions for u and v in case of ibc_uv_b == 0 from
42	! mirror to Dirichlet boundary conditions (u=v=0), so that k=nzb is
43	! representative for the height z0.
44	! Bugfix: type conversion of '1' to 64bit for the MAX function (ngp_3d_inner)
45	!
46	! 622 2010-12-10 08:08:13Z raasch
47	! optional barriers included in order to speed up collective operations
48	!
49	! 560 2010-09-09 10:06:09Z weinreis
50	! bugfix: correction of calculating ngp_3d for 64 bit
51	!
52	! 485 2010-02-05 10:57:51Z raasch
53	! calculation of ngp_3d + ngp_3d_inner changed because they have now 64 bit
54	!
55	! 407 2009-12-01 15:01:15Z maronga
56	! var_ts is replaced by dots_max
57	! Enabled passive scalar/humidity wall fluxes for non-flat topography
58	!
59	! 388 2009-09-23 09:40:33Z raasch
60	! Initialization of prho added.
61	! bugfix: correction of initial volume flow for non-flat topography
62	! bugfix: zero initialization of arrays within buildings for 'cyclic_fill'
63	! bugfix: avoid that ngp_2dh_s_inner becomes zero
64	! initializing_actions='read_data_for_recycling' renamed to 'cyclic_fill', now
65	! independent of turbulent_inflow
66	! Output of messages replaced by message handling routine.
67	! Set the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
68	! the external pressure gradient
69	! +conserve_volume_flow_mode: 'default', 'initial_profiles', 'inflow_profile'
70	! and 'bulk_velocity'
71	! If the inversion height calculated by the prerun is zero,
72	! inflow_damping_height must be explicitly specified.
73	!
74	! 181 2008-07-30 07:07:47Z raasch
75	! bugfix: zero assignments to tendency arrays in case of restarts,
76	! further extensions and modifications in the initialisation of the plant
77	! canopy model,
78	! allocation of hom_sum moved to parin, initialization of spectrum_x\|y directly
79	! after allocating theses arrays,
80	! read data for recycling added as new initialization option,
81	! dummy allocation for diss
82	!
83	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
84	! New counter ngp_2dh_s_inner.
85	! Allow new case bc_uv_t = 'dirichlet_0' for channel flow.
86	! Corrected calculation of initial volume flow for 'set_1d-model_profiles' and
87	! 'set_constant_profiles' in case of buildings in the reference cross-sections.
88	!
89	! 108 2007-08-24 15:10:38Z letzel
90	! Flux initialization in case of coupled runs, +momentum fluxes at top boundary,
91	! +arrays for phase speed c_u, c_v, c_w, indices for u\|v\|w_m_l\|r changed
92	! +qswst_remote in case of atmosphere model with humidity coupled to ocean
93	! Rayleigh damping for ocean, optionally calculate km and kh from initial
94	! TKE e_init
95	!
96	! 97 2007-06-21 08:23:15Z raasch
97	! Initialization of salinity, call of init_ocean
98	!
99	! 87 2007-05-22 15:46:47Z raasch
100	! var_hom and var_sum renamed pr_palm
101	!
102	! 75 2007-03-22 09:54:05Z raasch
103	! Arrays for radiation boundary conditions are allocated (u_m_l, u_m_r, etc.),
104	! bugfix for cases with the outflow damping layer extending over more than one
105	! subdomain, moisture renamed humidity,
106	! new initializing action "by_user" calls user_init_3d_model,
107	! precipitation_amount/rate, ts_value are allocated, +module netcdf_control,
108	! initial velocities at nzb+1 are regarded for volume
109	! flow control in case they have been set zero before (to avoid small timesteps)
110	! -uvmean_outflow, uxrp, vynp eliminated
111	!
112	! 19 2007-02-23 04:53:48Z raasch
113	! +handling of top fluxes
114	!
115	! RCS Log replace by Id keyword, revision history cleaned up
116	!
117	! Revision 1.49 2006/08/22 15:59:07 raasch
118	! No optimization of this file on the ibmy (Yonsei Univ.)
119	!
120	! Revision 1.1 1998/03/09 16:22:22 raasch
121	! Initial revision
122	!
123	!
124	! Description:
125	! ------------
126	! Allocation of arrays and initialization of the 3D model via
127	! a) pre-run the 1D model
128	! or
129	! b) pre-set constant linear profiles
130	! or
131	! c) read values of a previous run
132	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
133
134	USE advec_ws
135	USE arrays_3d
136	USE averaging
137	USE cloud_parameters
138	USE constants
139	USE control_parameters
140	USE cpulog
141	USE indices
142	USE interfaces
143	USE model_1d
144	USE netcdf_control
145	USE particle_attributes
146	USE pegrid
147	USE profil_parameter
148	USE random_function_mod
149	USE statistics
150
151	IMPLICIT NONE
152
153	INTEGER :: i, ind_array(1), j, k, sr
154
155	INTEGER, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_l
156
157	INTEGER, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_outer_l, &
158	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
159
160	REAL :: a, b
161
162	REAL, DIMENSION(1:2) :: volume_flow_area_l, volume_flow_initial_l
163
164	REAL, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp
165
166
167	!
168	!-- Allocate arrays
169	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh(0:statistic_regions), ngp_2dh_l(0:statistic_regions), &
170	ngp_3d(0:statistic_regions), &
171	ngp_3d_inner(0:statistic_regions), &
172	ngp_3d_inner_l(0:statistic_regions), &
173	ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0:statistic_regions), &
174	sums_divnew_l(0:statistic_regions), &
175	sums_divold_l(0:statistic_regions) )
176	ALLOCATE( dp_smooth_factor(nzb:nzt), rdf(nzb+1:nzt) )
177	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_outer(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
178	ngp_2dh_outer_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
179	ngp_2dh_s_inner(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
180	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
181	rmask(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,0:statistic_regions), &
182	sums(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user), &
183	sums_l(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user,0:threads_per_task-1), &
184	sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0:threads_per_task-1), &
185	sums_up_fraction_l(10,3,0:statistic_regions), &
186	sums_wsts_bc_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
187	ts_value(dots_max,0:statistic_regions) )
188	ALLOCATE( km_damp_x(nxlg:nxrg), km_damp_y(nysg:nyng) )
189
190	ALLOCATE( rif_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), shf_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
191	ts(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), tswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
192	us(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), usws_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
193	uswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
194	vsws_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
195	vswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), z0(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
196
197	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
198	!
199	!-- Leapfrog scheme needs two timelevels of diffusion quantities
200	ALLOCATE( rif_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
201	shf_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
202	tswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
203	usws_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
204	uswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
205	vswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
206	vsws_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
207	ENDIF
208
209	ALLOCATE( d(nzb+1:nzta,nys:nyna,nxl:nxra), &
210	e_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
211	e_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
212	e_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
213	kh_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
214	km_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
215	p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
216	pt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
217	pt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
218	pt_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
219	tend(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
220	u_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
221	u_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
222	u_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
223	v_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
224	v_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
225	v_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
226	w_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
227	w_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
228	w_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
229	!
230	!-- Following array is required for perturbation pressure within the iterative
231	!-- pressure solvers. For the multistep schemes (Runge-Kutta), array p holds
232	!-- the weighted average of the substeps and cannot be used in the Poisson
233	!-- solver.
234	IF ( psolver == 'sor' ) THEN
235	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
236	ELSEIF ( psolver == 'multigrid' ) THEN
237	!
238	!-- For performance reasons, multigrid is using one ghost layer only
239	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
240	ENDIF
241
242	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
243	ALLOCATE( kh_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
244	km_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
245	ENDIF
246
247	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
248	!
249	!-- 2D-humidity/scalar arrays
250	ALLOCATE ( qs(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
251	qsws_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
252	qswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
253
254	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
255	ALLOCATE( qsws_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
256	qswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
257	ENDIF
258	!
259	!-- 3D-humidity/scalar arrays
260	ALLOCATE( q_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
261	q_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
262	q_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
263
264	!
265	!-- 3D-arrays needed for humidity only
266	IF ( humidity ) THEN
267	ALLOCATE( vpt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
268
269	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
270	ALLOCATE( vpt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
271	ENDIF
272
273	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
274	!
275	!-- Liquid water content
276	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
277	!
278	!-- Precipitation amount and rate (only needed if output is switched)
279	ALLOCATE( precipitation_amount(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
280	precipitation_rate(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
281	ENDIF
282
283	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
284	!
285	!-- Liquid water content, change in liquid water content,
286	!-- real volume of particles (with weighting), volume of particles
287	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
288	ql_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
289	ql_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
290	ql_vp(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
291	ENDIF
292
293	ENDIF
294
295	ENDIF
296
297	IF ( ocean ) THEN
298	ALLOCATE( saswsb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
299	saswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
300	ALLOCATE( prho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
301	rho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
302	sa_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
303	sa_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
304	sa_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
305	prho => prho_1
306	rho => rho_1 ! routines calc_mean_profile and diffusion_e require
307	! density to be apointer
308	IF ( humidity_remote ) THEN
309	ALLOCATE( qswst_remote(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg))
310	qswst_remote = 0.0
311	ENDIF
312	ENDIF
313
314	!
315	!-- 3D-array for storing the dissipation, needed for calculating the sgs
316	!-- particle velocities
317	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles ) THEN
318	ALLOCATE ( diss(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
319	ELSE
320	ALLOCATE ( diss(2,2,2) ) ! required because diss is used as a
321	! formal parameter
322	ENDIF
323
324	IF ( dt_dosp /= 9999999.9 ) THEN
325	ALLOCATE( spectrum_x( 1:nx/2, 1:10, 1:10 ), &
326	spectrum_y( 1:ny/2, 1:10, 1:10 ) )
327	spectrum_x = 0.0
328	spectrum_y = 0.0
329	ENDIF
330
331	!
332	!-- 3D-arrays for the leaf area density and the canopy drag coefficient
333	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
334	ALLOCATE ( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
335	lad_u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
336	lad_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
337	lad_w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
338	cdc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
339
340	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
341	ALLOCATE ( sls(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
342	sec(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
343	ENDIF
344
345	IF ( cthf /= 0.0 ) THEN
346	ALLOCATE ( lai(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
347	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
348	ENDIF
349
350	ENDIF
351
352	!
353	!-- 4D-array for storing the Rif-values at vertical walls
354	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
355	ALLOCATE( rif_wall(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,1:4) )
356	rif_wall = 0.0
357	ENDIF
358
359	!
360	!-- Arrays to store velocity data from t-dt and the phase speeds which
361	!-- are needed for radiation boundary conditions
362	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
363	ALLOCATE( u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,1:2), &
364	v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1), &
365	w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1) )
366	ENDIF
367	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
368	ALLOCATE( u_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
369	v_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
370	w_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx) )
371	ENDIF
372	IF ( outflow_l .OR. outflow_r ) THEN
373	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
374	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
375	ENDIF
376	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
377	ALLOCATE( u_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg), &
378	v_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,1:2,nxlg:nxrg), &
379	w_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg) )
380	ENDIF
381	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
382	ALLOCATE( u_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
383	v_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
384	w_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg) )
385	ENDIF
386	IF ( outflow_s .OR. outflow_n ) THEN
387	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
388	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
389	ENDIF
390
391	!
392	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
393	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
394
395	rif_m => rif_1; rif => rif_2
396	shf_m => shf_1; shf => shf_2
397	tswst_m => tswst_1; tswst => tswst_2
398	usws_m => usws_1; usws => usws_2
399	uswst_m => uswst_1; uswst => uswst_2
400	vsws_m => vsws_1; vsws => vsws_2
401	vswst_m => vswst_1; vswst => vswst_2
402	e_m => e_1; e => e_2; e_p => e_3; te_m => e_3
403	kh_m => kh_1; kh => kh_2
404	km_m => km_1; km => km_2
405	pt_m => pt_1; pt => pt_2; pt_p => pt_3; tpt_m => pt_3
406	u_m => u_1; u => u_2; u_p => u_3; tu_m => u_3
407	v_m => v_1; v => v_2; v_p => v_3; tv_m => v_3
408	w_m => w_1; w => w_2; w_p => w_3; tw_m => w_3
409
410	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
411	qsws_m => qsws_1; qsws => qsws_2
412	qswst_m => qswst_1; qswst => qswst_2
413	q_m => q_1; q => q_2; q_p => q_3; tq_m => q_3
414	IF ( humidity ) vpt_m => vpt_1; vpt => vpt_2
415	IF ( cloud_physics ) ql => ql_1
416	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
417	ql => ql_1
418	ql_c => ql_2
419	ENDIF
420	ENDIF
421
422	ELSE
423
424	rif => rif_1
425	shf => shf_1
426	tswst => tswst_1
427	usws => usws_1
428	uswst => uswst_1
429	vsws => vsws_1
430	vswst => vswst_1
431	e => e_1; e_p => e_2; te_m => e_3; e_m => e_3
432	kh => kh_1
433	km => km_1
434	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_2; tpt_m => pt_3; pt_m => pt_3
435	u => u_1; u_p => u_2; tu_m => u_3; u_m => u_3
436	v => v_1; v_p => v_2; tv_m => v_3; v_m => v_3
437	w => w_1; w_p => w_2; tw_m => w_3; w_m => w_3
438
439	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
440	qsws => qsws_1
441	qswst => qswst_1
442	q => q_1; q_p => q_2; tq_m => q_3; q_m => q_3
443	IF ( humidity ) vpt => vpt_1
444	IF ( cloud_physics ) ql => ql_1
445	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
446	ql => ql_1
447	ql_c => ql_2
448	ENDIF
449	ENDIF
450
451	IF ( ocean ) THEN
452	saswsb => saswsb_1
453	saswst => saswst_1
454	sa => sa_1; sa_p => sa_2; tsa_m => sa_3
455	ENDIF
456
457	ENDIF
458
459	!
460	!-- Allocate arrays containing the RK coefficient for calculation of
461	!-- perturbation pressure and turbulent fluxes. At this point values are
462	!-- set for pressure calculation during initialization (where no timestep
463	!-- is done). Further below the values needed within the timestep scheme
464	!-- will be set.
465	ALLOCATE( weight_substep(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max), &
466	weight_pres(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max) )
467	weight_substep = 1.0
468	weight_pres = 1.0
469	intermediate_timestep_count = 1 ! needed when simulated_time = 0.0
470
471	!
472	!-- Initialize model variables
473	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
474	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
475	!
476	!-- First model run of a possible job queue.
477	!-- Initial profiles of the variables must be computes.
478	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_1d-model_profiles' ) /= 0 ) THEN
479	!
480	!-- Use solutions of the 1D model as initial profiles,
481	!-- start 1D model
482	CALL init_1d_model
483	!
484	!-- Transfer initial profiles to the arrays of the 3D model
485	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
486	DO j = nysg, nyng
487	e(:,j,i) = e1d
488	kh(:,j,i) = kh1d
489	km(:,j,i) = km1d
490	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
491	u(:,j,i) = u1d
492	v(:,j,i) = v1d
493	ENDDO
494	ENDDO
495
496	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
497	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
498	DO j = nysg, nyng
499	q(:,j,i) = q_init
500	ENDDO
501	ENDDO
502	ENDIF
503
504	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
505	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
506	DO j = nysg, nyng
507	e(:,j,i) = e1d
508	ENDDO
509	ENDDO
510	!
511	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
512	hom(:,1,25,:) = SPREAD( l1d, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
513
514	IF ( prandtl_layer ) THEN
515	rif = rif1d(nzb+1)
516	ts = 0.0 ! could actually be computed more accurately in the
517	! 1D model. Update when opportunity arises.
518	us = us1d
519	usws = usws1d
520	vsws = vsws1d
521	ELSE
522	ts = 0.0 ! must be set, because used in
523	rif = 0.0 ! flowste
524	us = 0.0
525	usws = 0.0
526	vsws = 0.0
527	ENDIF
528
529	ELSE
530	e = 0.0 ! must be set, because used in
531	rif = 0.0 ! flowste
532	ts = 0.0
533	us = 0.0
534	usws = 0.0
535	vsws = 0.0
536	ENDIF
537	uswst = top_momentumflux_u
538	vswst = top_momentumflux_v
539
540	!
541	!-- In every case qs = 0.0 (see also pt)
542	!-- This could actually be computed more accurately in the 1D model.
543	!-- Update when opportunity arises!
544	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) qs = 0.0
545
546	!
547	!-- inside buildings set velocities back to zero
548	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
549	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
550	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
551	u(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
552	v(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
553	ENDDO
554	ENDDO
555
556	!
557	!-- WARNING: The extra boundary conditions set after running the
558	!-- ------- 1D model impose an error on the divergence one layer
559	!-- below the topography; need to correct later
560	!-- ATTENTION: Provisional correction for Piacsek & Williams
561	!-- --------- advection scheme: keep u and v zero one layer below
562	!-- the topography.
563	!
564	!-- Following was removed, because mirror boundary condition are
565	!-- replaced by dirichlet boundary conditions
566	!
567	! IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
568	!!
569	!!-- Satisfying the Dirichlet condition with an extra layer below
570	!!-- the surface where the u and v component change their sign.
571	! DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
572	! DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
573	! IF ( nzb_u_inner(j,i) == 0 ) u(0,j,i) = -u(1,j,i)
574	! IF ( nzb_v_inner(j,i) == 0 ) v(0,j,i) = -v(1,j,i)
575	! ENDDO
576	! ENDDO
577	!
578	! ELSE
579	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 1 ) THEN
580	!
581	!-- Neumann condition
582	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
583	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
584	IF ( nzb_u_inner(j,i) == 0 ) u(0,j,i) = u(1,j,i)
585	IF ( nzb_v_inner(j,i) == 0 ) v(0,j,i) = v(1,j,i)
586	ENDDO
587	ENDDO
588
589	ENDIF
590
591	ENDIF
592
593	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles') /= 0 ) &
594	THEN
595	!
596	!-- Use constructed initial profiles (velocity constant with height,
597	!-- temperature profile with constant gradient)
598	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
599	DO j = nysg, nyng
600	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
601	u(:,j,i) = u_init
602	v(:,j,i) = v_init
603	ENDDO
604	ENDDO
605
606	!
607	!-- Set initial horizontal velocities at the lowest computational grid
608	!-- levels to zero in order to avoid too small time steps caused by the
609	!-- diffusion limit in the initial phase of a run (at k=1, dz/2 occurs
610	!-- in the limiting formula!). The original values are stored to be later
611	!-- used for volume flow control.
612	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
613	DO j = nysg, nyng
614	u(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = 0.0
615	v(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = 0.0
616	ENDDO
617	ENDDO
618
619	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
620	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
621	DO j = nysg, nyng
622	q(:,j,i) = q_init
623	ENDDO
624	ENDDO
625	ENDIF
626
627	IF ( ocean ) THEN
628	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
629	DO j = nysg, nyng
630	sa(:,j,i) = sa_init
631	ENDDO
632	ENDDO
633	ENDIF
634
635	IF ( constant_diffusion ) THEN
636	km = km_constant
637	kh = km / prandtl_number
638	e = 0.0
639	ELSEIF ( e_init > 0.0 ) THEN
640	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
641	km(k,:,:) = 0.1 * l_grid(k) * SQRT( e_init )
642	ENDDO
643	km(nzb,:,:) = km(nzb+1,:,:)
644	km(nzt+1,:,:) = km(nzt,:,:)
645	kh = km / prandtl_number
646	e = e_init
647	ELSE
648	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
649	kh = 0.01 ! there must exist an initial diffusion, because
650	km = 0.01 ! otherwise no TKE would be produced by the
651	! production terms, as long as not yet
652	! e = (u/cm)*2 at k=nzb+1
653	ELSE
654	kh = 0.00001
655	km = 0.00001
656	ENDIF
657	e = 0.0
658	ENDIF
659	rif = 0.0
660	ts = 0.0
661	us = 0.0
662	usws = 0.0
663	uswst = top_momentumflux_u
664	vsws = 0.0
665	vswst = top_momentumflux_v
666	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) qs = 0.0
667
668	!
669	!-- Compute initial temperature field and other constants used in case
670	!-- of a sloping surface
671	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
672
673	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'by_user') /= 0 ) &
674	THEN
675	!
676	!-- Initialization will completely be done by the user
677	CALL user_init_3d_model
678
679	ENDIF
680	!
681	!-- Bottom boundary
682	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2 ) THEN
683	u(nzb,:,:) = 0.0
684	v(nzb,:,:) = 0.0
685	ENDIF
686
687	!
688	!-- Apply channel flow boundary condition
689	IF ( TRIM( bc_uv_t ) == 'dirichlet_0' ) THEN
690
691	u(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0
692	v(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0
693
694	!-- For the Dirichlet condition to be correctly applied at the top, set
695	!-- ug and vg to zero there
696	ug(nzt+1) = 0.0
697	vg(nzt+1) = 0.0
698
699	ENDIF
700
701	!
702	!-- Calculate virtual potential temperature
703	IF ( humidity ) vpt = pt * ( 1.0 + 0.61 * q )
704
705	!
706	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
707	hom(:,1,5,:) = SPREAD( u(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
708	hom(:,1,6,:) = SPREAD( v(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
709	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2) THEN
710	hom(nzb,1,5,:) = 0.0
711	hom(nzb,1,6,:) = 0.0
712	ENDIF
713	hom(:,1,7,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
714	hom(:,1,23,:) = SPREAD( km(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
715	hom(:,1,24,:) = SPREAD( kh(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
716
717	IF ( ocean ) THEN
718	!
719	!-- Store initial salinity profile
720	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( sa(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
721	ENDIF
722
723	IF ( humidity ) THEN
724	!
725	!-- Store initial profile of total water content, virtual potential
726	!-- temperature
727	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
728	hom(:,1,29,:) = SPREAD( vpt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
729	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
730	!
731	!-- Store initial profile of specific humidity and potential
732	!-- temperature
733	hom(:,1,27,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
734	hom(:,1,28,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
735	ENDIF
736	ENDIF
737
738	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
739	!
740	!-- Store initial scalar profile
741	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
742	ENDIF
743
744	!
745	!-- Initialize fluxes at bottom surface
746	IF ( use_surface_fluxes ) THEN
747
748	IF ( constant_heatflux ) THEN
749	!
750	!-- Heat flux is prescribed
751	IF ( random_heatflux ) THEN
752	CALL disturb_heatflux
753	ELSE
754	shf = surface_heatflux
755	!
756	!-- Over topography surface_heatflux is replaced by wall_heatflux(0)
757	IF ( TRIM( topography ) /= 'flat' ) THEN
758	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
759	DO j = nysg, nyng
760	IF ( nzb_s_inner(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
761	shf(j,i) = wall_heatflux(0)
762	ENDIF
763	ENDDO
764	ENDDO
765	ENDIF
766	ENDIF
767	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = shf
768	ENDIF
769
770	!
771	!-- Determine the near-surface water flux
772	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
773	IF ( constant_waterflux ) THEN
774	qsws = surface_waterflux
775	!
776	!-- Over topography surface_waterflux is replaced by
777	!-- wall_humidityflux(0)
778	IF ( TRIM( topography ) /= 'flat' ) THEN
779	wall_qflux = wall_humidityflux
780	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
781	DO j = nysg, nyng
782	IF ( nzb_s_inner(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
783	qsws(j,i) = wall_qflux(0)
784	ENDIF
785	ENDDO
786	ENDDO
787	ENDIF
788	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qsws_m ) ) qsws_m = qsws
789	ENDIF
790	ENDIF
791
792	ENDIF
793
794	!
795	!-- Initialize fluxes at top surface
796	!-- Currently, only the heatflux and salinity flux can be prescribed.
797	!-- The latent flux is zero in this case!
798	IF ( use_top_fluxes ) THEN
799
800	IF ( constant_top_heatflux ) THEN
801	!
802	!-- Heat flux is prescribed
803	tswst = top_heatflux
804	IF ( ASSOCIATED( tswst_m ) ) tswst_m = tswst
805
806	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
807	qswst = 0.0
808	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qswst_m ) ) qswst_m = qswst
809	ENDIF
810
811	IF ( ocean ) THEN
812	saswsb = bottom_salinityflux
813	saswst = top_salinityflux
814	ENDIF
815	ENDIF
816
817	!
818	!-- Initialization in case of a coupled model run
819	IF ( coupling_mode == 'ocean_to_atmosphere' ) THEN
820	tswst = 0.0
821	IF ( ASSOCIATED( tswst_m ) ) tswst_m = tswst
822	ENDIF
823
824	ENDIF
825
826	!
827	!-- Initialize Prandtl layer quantities
828	IF ( prandtl_layer ) THEN
829
830	z0 = roughness_length
831
832	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux ) THEN
833	!
834	!-- Surface temperature is prescribed. Here the heat flux cannot be
835	!-- simply estimated, because therefore rif, u* and theta* would have
836	!-- to be computed by iteration. This is why the heat flux is assumed
837	!-- to be zero before the first time step. It approaches its correct
838	!-- value in the course of the first few time steps.
839	shf = 0.0
840	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = 0.0
841	ENDIF
842
843	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
844	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux ) THEN
845	qsws = 0.0
846	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qsws_m ) ) qsws_m = 0.0
847	ENDIF
848	ENDIF
849
850	ENDIF
851
852
853	!
854	!-- For the moment, vertical velocity is zero
855	w = 0.0
856
857	!
858	!-- Initialize array sums (must be defined in first call of pres)
859	sums = 0.0
860
861	!
862	!-- In case of iterative solvers, p must get an initial value
863	IF ( psolver == 'multigrid' .OR. psolver == 'sor' ) p = 0.0
864
865	!
866	!-- Treating cloud physics, liquid water content and precipitation amount
867	!-- are zero at beginning of the simulation
868	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
869	ql = 0.0
870	IF ( precipitation ) precipitation_amount = 0.0
871	ENDIF
872
873	!
874	!-- Initialize quantities for special advections schemes
875	CALL init_advec
876
877	!
878	!-- Impose vortex with vertical axis on the initial velocity profile
879	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_vortex' ) /= 0 ) THEN
880	CALL init_rankine
881	ENDIF
882
883	!
884	!-- Impose temperature anomaly (advection test only)
885	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_ptanom' ) /= 0 ) THEN
886	CALL init_pt_anomaly
887	ENDIF
888
889	!
890	!-- If required, change the surface temperature at the start of the 3D run
891	IF ( pt_surface_initial_change /= 0.0 ) THEN
892	pt(nzb,:,:) = pt(nzb,:,:) + pt_surface_initial_change
893	ENDIF
894
895	!
896	!-- If required, change the surface humidity/scalar at the start of the 3D
897	!-- run
898	IF ( ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) .AND. &
899	q_surface_initial_change /= 0.0 ) THEN
900	q(nzb,:,:) = q(nzb,:,:) + q_surface_initial_change
901	ENDIF
902
903	!
904	!-- Initialize the random number generator (from numerical recipes)
905	CALL random_function_ini
906
907	!
908	!-- Initialize old and new time levels.
909	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
910	e_m = e; pt_m = pt; u_m = u; v_m = v; w_m = w; kh_m = kh; km_m = km
911	ELSE
912	te_m = 0.0; tpt_m = 0.0; tu_m = 0.0; tv_m = 0.0; tw_m = 0.0
913	ENDIF
914	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
915
916	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
917	IF ( ASSOCIATED( q_m ) ) q_m = q
918	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) tq_m = 0.0
919	q_p = q
920	IF ( humidity .AND. ASSOCIATED( vpt_m ) ) vpt_m = vpt
921	ENDIF
922
923	IF ( ocean ) THEN
924	tsa_m = 0.0
925	sa_p = sa
926	ENDIF
927
928
929	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' .OR. &
930	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) &
931	THEN
932	!
933	!-- When reading data for cyclic fill of 3D prerun data, first read
934	!-- some of the global variables from restart file
935	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
936
937	CALL read_parts_of_var_list
938	CALL close_file( 13 )
939
940	!
941	!-- Initialization of the turbulence recycling method
942	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
943	!
944	!-- Store temporally and horizontally averaged vertical profiles to be
945	!-- used as mean inflow profiles
946	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,5) )
947
948	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = hom_sum(:,1,0) ! u
949	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = hom_sum(:,2,0) ! v
950	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = hom_sum(:,4,0) ! pt
951	mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) = hom_sum(:,8,0) ! e
952
953	!
954	!-- Use these mean profiles for the inflow (provided that Dirichlet
955	!-- conditions are used)
956	IF ( inflow_l ) THEN
957	DO j = nysg, nyng
958	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
959	u(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,1)
960	v(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,2)
961	w(k,j,nxlg:-1) = 0.0
962	pt(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,4)
963	e(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,5)
964	ENDDO
965	ENDDO
966	ENDIF
967
968	!
969	!-- Calculate the damping factors to be used at the inflow. For a
970	!-- turbulent inflow the turbulent fluctuations have to be limited
971	!-- vertically because otherwise the turbulent inflow layer will grow
972	!-- in time.
973	IF ( inflow_damping_height == 9999999.9 ) THEN
974	!
975	!-- Default: use the inversion height calculated by the prerun; if
976	!-- this is zero, inflow_damping_height must be explicitly
977	!-- specified.
978	IF ( hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0) /= 0.0 ) THEN
979	inflow_damping_height = hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0)
980	ELSE
981	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'inflow_damping_height must be ',&
982	'explicitly specified because&the inversion height ', &
983	'calculated by the prerun is zero.'
984	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0318', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
985	ENDIF
986
987	ENDIF
988
989	IF ( inflow_damping_width == 9999999.9 ) THEN
990	!
991	!-- Default for the transition range: one tenth of the undamped
992	!-- layer
993	inflow_damping_width = 0.1 * inflow_damping_height
994
995	ENDIF
996
997	ALLOCATE( inflow_damping_factor(nzb:nzt+1) )
998
999	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1000
1001	IF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height ) THEN
1002	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0
1003	ELSEIF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height + &
1004	inflow_damping_width ) THEN
1005	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0 - &
1006	( zu(k) - inflow_damping_height ) / &
1007	inflow_damping_width
1008	ELSE
1009	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 0.0
1010	ENDIF
1011
1012	ENDDO
1013	ENDIF
1014
1015	ENDIF
1016
1017	!
1018	!-- Read binary data from restart file
1019	CALL read_3d_binary
1020
1021	!
1022	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero
1023	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1024	topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
1025	!
1026	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero.
1027	!-- Other scalars (pt, q, s, km, kh, p, sa, ...) are ignored at present,
1028	!-- maybe revise later.
1029	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1030	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1031	DO j = nysg, nyng
1032	u (nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1033	v (nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1034	w (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1035	e (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1036	u_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1037	v_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1038	w_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1039	e_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1040	tu_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1041	tv_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1042	tw_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1043	te_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1044	tpt_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1045	ENDDO
1046	ENDDO
1047	ELSE
1048	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1049	DO j = nysg, nyng
1050	u (nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1051	v (nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1052	w (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1053	e (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1054	u_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1055	v_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1056	w_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1057	e_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1058	u_p(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1059	v_p(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1060	w_p(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1061	e_p(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1062	ENDDO
1063	ENDDO
1064	ENDIF
1065
1066	ENDIF
1067
1068	!
1069	!-- Calculate initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1070	!-- of a sloping surface
1071	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1072
1073	!
1074	!-- Initialize new time levels (only done in order to set boundary values
1075	!-- including ghost points)
1076	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1077	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) q_p = q
1078	IF ( ocean ) sa_p = sa
1079
1080	!
1081	!-- Allthough tendency arrays are set in prognostic_equations, they have
1082	!-- have to be predefined here because they are used (but multiplied with 0)
1083	!-- there before they are set.
1084	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1085	te_m = 0.0; tpt_m = 0.0; tu_m = 0.0; tv_m = 0.0; tw_m = 0.0
1086	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) tq_m = 0.0
1087	IF ( ocean ) tsa_m = 0.0
1088	ENDIF
1089
1090	ELSE
1091	!
1092	!-- Actually this part of the programm should not be reached
1093	message_string = 'unknown initializing problem'
1094	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0193', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1095	ENDIF
1096
1097
1098	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1099	!
1100	!-- Initialize old timelevels needed for radiation boundary conditions
1101	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
1102	u_m_l(:,:,:) = u(:,:,1:2)
1103	v_m_l(:,:,:) = v(:,:,0:1)
1104	w_m_l(:,:,:) = w(:,:,0:1)
1105	ENDIF
1106	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
1107	u_m_r(:,:,:) = u(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1108	v_m_r(:,:,:) = v(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1109	w_m_r(:,:,:) = w(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1110	ENDIF
1111	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
1112	u_m_s(:,:,:) = u(:,0:1,:)
1113	v_m_s(:,:,:) = v(:,1:2,:)
1114	w_m_s(:,:,:) = w(:,0:1,:)
1115	ENDIF
1116	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
1117	u_m_n(:,:,:) = u(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1118	v_m_n(:,:,:) = v(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1119	w_m_n(:,:,:) = w(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1120	ENDIF
1121
1122	ENDIF
1123
1124	!
1125	!-- Calculate the initial volume flow at the right and north boundary
1126	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
1127
1128	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0
1129	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0
1130
1131	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1132
1133	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1134	DO j = nys, nyn
1135	DO k = nzb_2d(j,nx)+1, nzt
1136	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1137	hom_sum(k,1,0) * dzw(k)
1138	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k)
1139	ENDDO
1140	ENDDO
1141	ENDIF
1142
1143	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1144	DO i = nxl, nxr
1145	DO k = nzb_2d(ny,i)+1, nzt
1146	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1147	hom_sum(k,2,0) * dzw(k)
1148	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k)
1149	ENDDO
1150	ENDDO
1151	ENDIF
1152
1153	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1154
1155	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1156	DO j = nys, nyn
1157	DO k = nzb_2d(j,nx)+1, nzt
1158	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1159	u(k,j,nx) * dzw(k)
1160	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k)
1161	ENDDO
1162	ENDDO
1163	ENDIF
1164
1165	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1166	DO i = nxl, nxr
1167	DO k = nzb_2d(ny,i)+1, nzt
1168	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1169	v(k,ny,i) * dzw(k)
1170	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k)
1171	ENDDO
1172	ENDDO
1173	ENDIF
1174
1175	ENDIF
1176
1177	#if defined( __parallel )
1178	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1), &
1179	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1180	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1181	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1182
1183	#else
1184	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1185	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1186	#endif
1187
1188	!
1189	!-- In case of 'bulk_velocity' mode, volume_flow_initial is calculated
1190	!-- from u\|v_bulk instead
1191	IF ( TRIM( conserve_volume_flow_mode ) == 'bulk_velocity' ) THEN
1192	volume_flow_initial(1) = u_bulk * volume_flow_area(1)
1193	volume_flow_initial(2) = v_bulk * volume_flow_area(2)
1194	ENDIF
1195
1196	ENDIF
1197
1198
1199	!
1200	!-- Impose random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field and then
1201	!-- remove the divergences from the velocity field at the initial stage
1202	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. &
1203	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1204	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1205
1206	CALL disturb_field( nzb_u_inner, tend, u )
1207	CALL disturb_field( nzb_v_inner, tend, v )
1208	n_sor = nsor_ini
1209	CALL pres
1210	n_sor = nsor
1211	ENDIF
1212
1213	!
1214	!-- Initialization of the leaf area density
1215	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
1216
1217	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1218
1219	CASE( 'block' )
1220
1221	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1222	DO j = nysg, nyng
1223	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1224	cdc(:,j,i) = drag_coefficient
1225	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1226	sls(:,j,i) = leaf_surface_concentration
1227	sec(:,j,i) = scalar_exchange_coefficient
1228	ENDIF
1229	ENDDO
1230	ENDDO
1231
1232	CASE DEFAULT
1233
1234	!
1235	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1236	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1237	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1238	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1239	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1240	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1241
1242	END SELECT
1243
1244	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1245	CALL exchange_horiz( cdc, nbgp )
1246
1247	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1248	CALL exchange_horiz( sls, nbgp )
1249	CALL exchange_horiz( sec, nbgp )
1250	ENDIF
1251
1252	!
1253	!-- Sharp boundaries of the plant canopy in horizontal directions
1254	!-- In vertical direction the interpolation is retained, as the leaf
1255	!-- area density is initialised by prescribing a vertical profile
1256	!-- consisting of piecewise linear segments. The upper boundary
1257	!-- of the plant canopy is now defined by lad_w(pch_index,:,:) = 0.0.
1258
1259	DO i = nxl, nxr
1260	DO j = nys, nyn
1261	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1262	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0 ) THEN
1263	lad_u(k,j,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1264	lad_u(k,j,i+1) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1265	lad_v(k,j,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1266	lad_v(k,j+1,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1267	ENDIF
1268	ENDDO
1269	DO k = nzb, nzt
1270	lad_w(k,j,i) = 0.5 * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + lad_s(k,j,i) )
1271	ENDDO
1272	ENDDO
1273	ENDDO
1274
1275	lad_w(pch_index,:,:) = 0.0
1276	lad_w(nzt+1,:,:) = lad_w(nzt,:,:)
1277
1278	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_u, nbgp )
1279	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_v, nbgp )
1280	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_w, nbgp )
1281
1282	!
1283	!-- Initialisation of the canopy heat source distribution
1284	IF ( cthf /= 0.0 ) THEN
1285	!
1286	!-- Piecewise evaluation of the leaf area index by
1287	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1288	lai(:,:,:) = 0.0
1289	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1290	DO j = nysg, nyng
1291	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
1292	lai(k,j,i) = lai(k+1,j,i) + &
1293	( 0.5 * ( lad_w(k+1,j,i) + &
1294	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1295	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1296	( 0.5 * ( lad_w(k,j,i) + &
1297	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1298	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1299	ENDDO
1300	ENDDO
1301	ENDDO
1302
1303	!
1304	!-- Evaluation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
1305	!-- canopy
1306	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1307	DO j = nysg, nyng
1308	DO k = 0, pch_index
1309	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1310	exp( -0.6 * lai(k,j,i) )
1311	ENDDO
1312	ENDDO
1313	ENDDO
1314
1315	!
1316	!-- The near surface heat flux is derived from the heat flux
1317	!-- distribution within the canopy
1318	shf(:,:) = canopy_heat_flux(0,:,:)
1319
1320	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = shf
1321
1322	ENDIF
1323
1324	ENDIF
1325
1326	!
1327	!-- If required, initialize dvrp-software
1328	IF ( dt_dvrp /= 9999999.9 ) CALL init_dvrp
1329
1330	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1331	!
1332	!-- Initialize quantities needed for the ocean model
1333	CALL init_ocean
1334
1335	ELSE
1336	!
1337	!-- Initialize quantities for handling cloud physics
1338	!-- This routine must be called before init_particles, because
1339	!-- otherwise, array pt_d_t, needed in data_output_dvrp (called by
1340	!-- init_particles) is not defined.
1341	CALL init_cloud_physics
1342	ENDIF
1343
1344	!
1345	!-- If required, initialize particles
1346	IF ( particle_advection ) CALL init_particles
1347
1348	!
1349	!-- Initialize the ws-scheme.
1350	IF ( ws_scheme_sca .OR. ws_scheme_mom ) CALL ws_init
1351
1352	!
1353	!-- Setting weighting factors for calculation of perturbation pressure
1354	!-- and turbulent quantities from the RK substeps
1355	IF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-3' ) THEN ! for RK3-method
1356
1357	weight_substep(1) = 1./6.
1358	weight_substep(2) = 3./10.
1359	weight_substep(3) = 8./15.
1360
1361	weight_pres(1) = 1./3.
1362	weight_pres(2) = 5./12.
1363	weight_pres(3) = 1./4.
1364
1365	ELSEIF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-2' ) THEN ! for RK2-method
1366
1367	weight_substep(1) = 1./2.
1368	weight_substep(2) = 1./2.
1369
1370	weight_pres(1) = 1./2.
1371	weight_pres(2) = 1./2.
1372
1373	ELSE ! for Euler- and leapfrog-method
1374
1375	weight_substep(1) = 1.0
1376	weight_pres(1) = 1.0
1377
1378	ENDIF
1379
1380	!
1381	!-- Initialize Rayleigh damping factors
1382	rdf = 0.0
1383	IF ( rayleigh_damping_factor /= 0.0 ) THEN
1384	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
1385	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1386	IF ( zu(k) >= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1387	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1388	( SIN( pi * 0.5 * ( zu(k) - rayleigh_damping_height ) &
1389	/ ( zu(nzt) - rayleigh_damping_height ) )&
1390	)**2
1391	ENDIF
1392	ENDDO
1393	ELSE
1394	DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1
1395	IF ( zu(k) <= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1396	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1397	( SIN( pi * 0.5 * ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(k) ) &
1398	/ ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(nzb+1)))&
1399	)**2
1400	ENDIF
1401	ENDDO
1402	ENDIF
1403	ENDIF
1404
1405	!
1406	!-- Initialize the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
1407	!-- the external pressure gradient
1408	dp_smooth_factor = 1.0
1409	IF ( dp_external ) THEN
1410	!
1411	!-- Set the starting level dp_level_ind_b only if it has not been set before
1412	!-- (e.g. in init_grid).
1413	IF ( dp_level_ind_b == 0 ) THEN
1414	ind_array = MINLOC( ABS( dp_level_b - zu ) )
1415	dp_level_ind_b = ind_array(1) - 1 + nzb
1416	! MINLOC uses lower array bound 1
1417	ENDIF
1418	IF ( dp_smooth ) THEN
1419	dp_smooth_factor(:dp_level_ind_b) = 0.0
1420	DO k = dp_level_ind_b+1, nzt
1421	dp_smooth_factor(k) = 0.5 * ( 1.0 + SIN( pi * &
1422	( REAL( k - dp_level_ind_b ) / &
1423	REAL( nzt - dp_level_ind_b ) - 0.5 ) ) )
1424	ENDDO
1425	ENDIF
1426	ENDIF
1427
1428	!
1429	!-- Initialize diffusivities used within the outflow damping layer in case of
1430	!-- non-cyclic lateral boundaries. A linear increase is assumed over the first
1431	!-- half of the width of the damping layer
1432	IF ( bc_lr_dirrad ) THEN
1433
1434	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1435	IF ( i >= nx - outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1436	km_damp_x(i) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1437	( i - ( nx - outflow_damping_width ) ) / &
1438	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1439	)
1440	ELSE
1441	km_damp_x(i) = 0.0
1442	ENDIF
1443	ENDDO
1444
1445	ELSEIF ( bc_lr_raddir ) THEN
1446
1447	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1448	IF ( i <= outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1449	km_damp_x(i) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1450	( outflow_damping_width - i ) / &
1451	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1452	)
1453	ELSE
1454	km_damp_x(i) = 0.0
1455	ENDIF
1456	ENDDO
1457
1458	ENDIF
1459
1460	IF ( bc_ns_dirrad ) THEN
1461
1462	DO j = nysg, nyng
1463	IF ( j >= ny - outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1464	km_damp_y(j) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1465	( j - ( ny - outflow_damping_width ) ) / &
1466	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1467	)
1468	ELSE
1469	km_damp_y(j) = 0.0
1470	ENDIF
1471	ENDDO
1472
1473	ELSEIF ( bc_ns_raddir ) THEN
1474
1475	DO j = nysg, nyng
1476	IF ( j <= outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1477	km_damp_y(j) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1478	( outflow_damping_width - j ) / &
1479	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1480	)
1481	ELSE
1482	km_damp_y(j) = 0.0
1483	ENDIF
1484	ENDDO
1485
1486	ENDIF
1487
1488	!
1489	!-- Initialize local summation arrays for routine flow_statistics.
1490	!-- This is necessary because they may not yet have been initialized when they
1491	!-- are called from flow_statistics (or - depending on the chosen model run -
1492	!-- are never initialized)
1493	sums_divnew_l = 0.0
1494	sums_divold_l = 0.0
1495	sums_l_l = 0.0
1496	sums_up_fraction_l = 0.0
1497	sums_wsts_bc_l = 0.0
1498
1499	!
1500	!-- Pre-set masks for regional statistics. Default is the total model domain.
1501	rmask = 1.0
1502
1503	!
1504	!-- User-defined initializing actions. Check afterwards, if maximum number
1505	!-- of allowed timeseries is exceeded
1506	CALL user_init
1507
1508	IF ( dots_num > dots_max ) THEN
1509	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'number of time series quantities exceeds', &
1510	' its maximum of dots_max = ', dots_max, &
1511	' &Please increase dots_max in modules.f90.'
1512	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0194', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1513	ENDIF
1514
1515	!
1516	!-- Input binary data file is not needed anymore. This line must be placed
1517	!-- after call of user_init!
1518	CALL close_file( 13 )
1519
1520	!
1521	!-- Compute total sum of active mask grid points
1522	!-- ngp_2dh: number of grid points of a horizontal cross section through the
1523	!-- total domain
1524	!-- ngp_3d: number of grid points of the total domain
1525	ngp_2dh_outer_l = 0
1526	ngp_2dh_outer = 0
1527	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l = 0
1528	ngp_2dh_s_inner = 0
1529	ngp_2dh_l = 0
1530	ngp_2dh = 0
1531	ngp_3d_inner_l = 0.0
1532	ngp_3d_inner = 0
1533	ngp_3d = 0
1534	ngp_sums = ( nz + 2 ) * ( pr_palm + max_pr_user )
1535
1536	DO sr = 0, statistic_regions
1537	DO i = nxl, nxr
1538	DO j = nys, nyn
1539	IF ( rmask(j,i,sr) == 1.0 ) THEN
1540	!
1541	!-- All xy-grid points
1542	ngp_2dh_l(sr) = ngp_2dh_l(sr) + 1
1543	!
1544	!-- xy-grid points above topography
1545	DO k = nzb_s_outer(j,i), nz + 1
1546	ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) + 1
1547	ENDDO
1548	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i), nz + 1
1549	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) + 1
1550	ENDDO
1551	!
1552	!-- All grid points of the total domain above topography
1553	ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) = ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) + &
1554	( nz - nzb_s_inner(j,i) + 2 )
1555	ENDIF
1556	ENDDO
1557	ENDDO
1558	ENDDO
1559
1560	sr = statistic_regions + 1
1561	#if defined( __parallel )
1562	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1563	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_l(0), ngp_2dh(0), sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, &
1564	comm2d, ierr )
1565	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1566	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_outer_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_outer(0,0), (nz+2)*sr, &
1567	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1568	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1569	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_s_inner(0,0), &
1570	(nz+2)*sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1571	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1572	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_3d_inner_l(0), ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
1573	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1574	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_tmp, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1575	#else
1576	ngp_2dh = ngp_2dh_l
1577	ngp_2dh_outer = ngp_2dh_outer_l
1578	ngp_2dh_s_inner = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
1579	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_l, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1580	#endif
1581
1582	ngp_3d = INT ( ngp_2dh, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) ) * &
1583	INT ( (nz + 2 ), KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1584
1585	!
1586	!-- Set a lower limit of 1 in order to avoid zero divisions in flow_statistics,
1587	!-- buoyancy, etc. A zero value will occur for cases where all grid points of
1588	!-- the respective subdomain lie below the surface topography
1589	ngp_2dh_outer = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_outer(:,:) )
1590	ngp_3d_inner = MAX( INT(1, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 )), &
1591	ngp_3d_inner(:) )
1592	ngp_2dh_s_inner = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_s_inner(:,:) )
1593
1594	DEALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_l, ngp_2dh_outer_l, ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp )
1595
1596
1597	END SUBROUTINE init_3d_model

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