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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90 @ 2269

Last change on this file since 2269 was 2259, checked in by gronemeier, 7 years ago

Implemented synthetic turbulence generator

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/palm/branches/forwind/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90 1564-1913

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1	!> @file init_3d_model.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: init_3d_model.f90 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z suehring $
27	! Implemented synthetic turbulence generator
28	!
29	! 2252 2017-06-07 09:35:37Z knoop
30	! rho_air now depending on surface_pressure even in Boussinesq mode
31	!
32	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
33	!
34	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
35	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept:
36	! - Modify passed parameters for disturb_field
37	! - Topography representation via flags
38	! - Remove unused arrays.
39	! - Move initialization of surface-related quantities to surface_mod
40	!
41	! 2172 2017-03-08 15:55:25Z knoop
42	! Bugfix: moved parallel random generator initialization into its module
43	!
44	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
45	! OpenACC directives removed
46	!
47	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
48	! Anelastic approximation implemented
49	!
50	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
51	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
52	!
53	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
54	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
55	!
56	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
57	! Added support for urban surface model,
58	! adjusted location_message in case of plant_canopy
59	!
60	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
61	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
62	!
63	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
64	! Initializaton of scalarflux at model top
65	! Bugfixes in initialization of surface and top salinity flux, top scalar and
66	! humidity fluxes
67	!
68	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
69	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
70	! Increase dimension for mean_inflow_profiles
71	! Remove inadvertent write-statement
72	! Bugfix, large-scale forcing is still not implemented for passive scalars
73	!
74	! 1957 2016-07-07 10:43:48Z suehring
75	! flight module added
76	!
77	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
78	! Initialize us with very small number to avoid segmentation fault during
79	! calculation of Obukhov length
80	!
81	! 1918 2016-05-27 14:35:57Z raasch
82	! intermediate_timestep_count is set 0 instead 1 for first call of pres,
83	! bugfix: initialization of local sum arrays are moved to the beginning of the
84	! routine because otherwise results from pres are overwritten
85	!
86	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
87	! Added initialization of the wind turbine model
88	!
89	! 1878 2016-04-19 12:30:36Z hellstea
90	! The zeroth element of weight_pres removed as unnecessary
91	!
92	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
93	! Adapted for modularization of microphysics.
94	! precipitation_amount, precipitation_rate, prr moved to arrays_3d.
95	! Initialization of nc_1d, nr_1d, pt_1d, qc_1d, qr_1d, q_1d moved to
96	! microphysics_init.
97	!
98	! 1845 2016-04-08 08:29:13Z raasch
99	! nzb_2d replaced by nzb_u\|v_inner
100	!
101	! 1833 2016-04-07 14:23:03Z raasch
102	! initialization of spectra quantities moved to spectra_mod
103	!
104	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
105	! turbulence renamed collision_turbulence
106	!
107	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
108	! Renamed radiation calls.
109	! Renamed canopy model calls.
110	!
111	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
112	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
113	!
114	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
115	! Renamed lsm calls.
116	!
117	! 1815 2016-04-06 13:49:59Z raasch
118	! zero-settings for velocities inside topography re-activated (was deactivated
119	! in r1762)
120	!
121	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
122	! Added z0q.
123	! Syntax layout improved.
124	!
125	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
126	! netcdf module name changed + related changes
127	!
128	! 1764 2016-02-28 12:45:19Z raasch
129	! bugfix: increase size of volume_flow_area_l and volume_flow_initial_l by 1
130	!
131	! 1762 2016-02-25 12:31:13Z hellstea
132	! Introduction of nested domain feature
133	!
134	! 1738 2015-12-18 13:56:05Z raasch
135	! calculate mean surface level height for each statistic region
136	!
137	! 1734 2015-12-02 12:17:12Z raasch
138	! no initial disturbances in case that the disturbance energy limit has been
139	! set zero
140	!
141	! 1707 2015-11-02 15:24:52Z maronga
142	! Bugfix: transfer of Richardson number from 1D model to Obukhov length caused
143	! devision by zero in neutral stratification
144	!
145	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
146	! Call to init_surface_layer added. rif is replaced by ol and zeta.
147	!
148	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
149	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
150	!
151	! 1615 2015-07-08 18:49:19Z suehring
152	! Enable turbulent inflow for passive_scalar and humidity
153	!
154	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
155	! Initialization of radiation code is now done after LSM initializtion
156	!
157	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
158	! adjustments for psolver-queries
159	!
160	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
161	! Allocation of land surface arrays is now done in the subroutine lsm_init_arrays,
162	! which is part of land_surface_model.
163	!
164	! 1507 2014-12-10 12:14:18Z suehring
165	! Bugfix: set horizontal velocity components to zero inside topography
166	!
167	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
168	! Added initialization of the land surface and radiation schemes
169	!
170	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
171	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
172	! canopy-related initialization (e.g. lad and canopy_heat_flux) moved to new
173	! subroutine init_plant_canopy within the module plant_canopy_model_mod,
174	! call of subroutine init_plant_canopy added.
175	!
176	! 1431 2014-07-15 14:47:17Z suehring
177	! var_d added, in order to normalize spectra.
178	!
179	! 1429 2014-07-15 12:53:45Z knoop
180	! Ensemble run capability added to parallel random number generator
181	!
182	! 1411 2014-05-16 18:01:51Z suehring
183	! Initial horizontal velocity profiles were not set to zero at the first vertical
184	! grid level in case of non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions.
185	!
186	! 1406 2014-05-16 13:47:01Z raasch
187	! bugfix: setting of initial velocities at k=1 to zero not in case of a
188	! no-slip boundary condition for uv
189	!
190	! 1402 2014-05-09 14:25:13Z raasch
191	! location messages modified
192	!
193	! 1400 2014-05-09 14:03:54Z knoop
194	! Parallel random number generator added
195	!
196	! 1384 2014-05-02 14:31:06Z raasch
197	! location messages added
198	!
199	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
200	! tend_* removed
201	! Bugfix: w_subs is not allocated anymore if it is already allocated
202	!
203	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
204	! module lpm_init_mod added to use statements, because lpm_init has become a
205	! module
206	!
207	! 1353 2014-04-08 15:21:23Z heinze
208	! REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute
209	!
210	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
211	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
212	!
213	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
214	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
215	! module interfaces removed
216	!
217	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
218	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
219	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
220	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
221	! revision history before 2012 removed,
222	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
223	! all variable declaration statements
224	!
225	! 1316 2014-03-17 07:44:59Z heinze
226	! Bugfix: allocation of w_subs
227	!
228	! 1299 2014-03-06 13:15:21Z heinze
229	! Allocate w_subs due to extension of large scale subsidence in combination
230	! with large scale forcing data (LSF_DATA)
231	!
232	! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze
233	! Overwrite initial profiles in case of nudging
234	! Inititialize shf and qsws in case of large_scale_forcing
235	!
236	! 1221 2013-09-10 08:59:13Z raasch
237	! +rflags_s_inner in copyin statement, use copyin for most arrays instead of
238	! copy
239	!
240	! 1212 2013-08-15 08:46:27Z raasch
241	! array tri is allocated and included in data copy statement
242	!
243	! 1195 2013-07-01 12:27:57Z heinze
244	! Bugfix: move allocation of ref_state to parin.f90 and read_var_list.f90
245	!
246	! 1179 2013-06-14 05:57:58Z raasch
247	! allocate and set ref_state to be used in buoyancy terms
248	!
249	! 1171 2013-05-30 11:27:45Z raasch
250	! diss array is allocated with full size if accelerator boards are used
251	!
252	! 1159 2013-05-21 11:58:22Z fricke
253	! -bc_lr_dirneu, bc_lr_neudir, bc_ns_dirneu, bc_ns_neudir
254	!
255	! 1153 2013-05-10 14:33:08Z raasch
256	! diss array is allocated with dummy elements even if it is not needed
257	! (required by PGI 13.4 / CUDA 5.0)
258	!
259	! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann
260	! unused variables removed
261	!
262	! 1113 2013-03-10 02:48:14Z raasch
263	! openACC directive modified
264	!
265	! 1111 2013-03-08 23:54:10Z raasch
266	! openACC directives added for pres
267	! array diss allocated only if required
268	!
269	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
270	! unused variables removed
271	!
272	! 1065 2012-11-22 17:42:36Z hoffmann
273	! allocation of diss (dissipation rate) in case of turbulence = .TRUE. added
274	!
275	! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann
276	! allocation and initialisation of necessary data arrays for the two-moment
277	! cloud physics scheme the two new prognostic equations (nr, qr):
278	! +dr, lambda_r, mu_r, sed_, xr, s, sws, swst, , _p, t_m, _1, _2, _3,
279	! +tend_*, prr
280	!
281	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
282	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
283	!
284	! 1032 2012-10-21 13:03:21Z letzel
285	! save memory by not allocating pt_2 in case of neutral = .T.
286	!
287	! 1025 2012-10-07 16:04:41Z letzel
288	! bugfix: swap indices of mask for ghost boundaries
289	!
290	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
291	! mask is set to zero for ghost boundaries
292	!
293	! 1010 2012-09-20 07:59:54Z raasch
294	! cpp switch __nopointer added for pointer free version
295	!
296	! 1003 2012-09-14 14:35:53Z raasch
297	! nxra,nyna, nzta replaced ny nxr, nyn, nzt
298	!
299	! 1001 2012-09-13 14:08:46Z raasch
300	! all actions concerning leapfrog scheme removed
301	!
302	! 996 2012-09-07 10:41:47Z raasch
303	! little reformatting
304	!
305	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
306	! outflow damping layer removed
307	! roughness length for scalar quantites z0h added
308	! damping zone for the potential temperatur in case of non-cyclic lateral
309	! boundaries added
310	! initialization of ptdf_x, ptdf_y
311	! initialization of c_u_m, c_u_m_l, c_v_m, c_v_m_l, c_w_m, c_w_m_l
312	!
313	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
314	! init_particles renamed lpm_init
315	!
316	! 825 2012-02-19 03:03:44Z raasch
317	! wang_collision_kernel renamed wang_kernel
318	!
319	! Revision 1.1 1998/03/09 16:22:22 raasch
320	! Initial revision
321	!
322	!
323	! Description:
324	! ------------
325	!> Allocation of arrays and initialization of the 3D model via
326	!> a) pre-run the 1D model
327	!> or
328	!> b) pre-set constant linear profiles
329	!> or
330	!> c) read values of a previous run
331	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
332	SUBROUTINE init_3d_model
333
334
335	USE advec_ws
336
337	USE arrays_3d
338
339	USE cloud_parameters, &
340	ONLY: cp, l_v, r_d
341
342	USE constants, &
343	ONLY: pi
344
345	USE control_parameters
346
347	USE flight_mod, &
348	ONLY: flight_init
349
350	USE grid_variables, &
351	ONLY: dx, dy, ddx2_mg, ddy2_mg
352
353	USE indices
354
355	USE lpm_init_mod, &
356	ONLY: lpm_init
357
358	USE kinds
359
360	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
361	ONLY: lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays
362
363	USE ls_forcing_mod
364
365	USE microphysics_mod, &
366	ONLY: collision_turbulence, microphysics_init
367
368	USE model_1d, &
369	ONLY: e1d, kh1d, km1d, l1d, rif1d, u1d, us1d, usws1d, v1d, vsws1d
370
371	USE netcdf_interface, &
372	ONLY: dots_max, dots_num
373
374	USE particle_attributes, &
375	ONLY: particle_advection, use_sgs_for_particles, wang_kernel
376
377	USE pegrid
378
379	USE plant_canopy_model_mod, &
380	ONLY: pcm_init, plant_canopy
381
382	USE radiation_model_mod, &
383	ONLY: radiation_init, radiation
384
385	USE random_function_mod
386
387	USE random_generator_parallel, &
388	ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator
389
390	USE statistics, &
391	ONLY: hom, hom_sum, mean_surface_level_height, pr_palm, rmask, &
392	statistic_regions, sums, sums_divnew_l, sums_divold_l, sums_l, &
393	sums_l_l, sums_up_fraction_l, sums_wsts_bc_l, ts_value, &
394	weight_pres, weight_substep
395
396	USE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod, &
397	ONLY: stg_init, use_synthetic_turbulence_generator
398
399	USE surface_layer_fluxes_mod, &
400	ONLY: init_surface_layer_fluxes
401
402	USE surface_mod, &
403	ONLY : init_surface_arrays, init_surfaces, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, &
404	surf_usm_h
405
406	USE transpose_indices
407
408	USE urban_surface_mod, &
409	ONLY: usm_init_urban_surface
410
411	USE wind_turbine_model_mod, &
412	ONLY: wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, wind_turbine
413
414	IMPLICIT NONE
415
416	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
417	INTEGER(iwp) :: ind_array(1) !<
418	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
419	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
420	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< surface level index
421	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< index of surface element in surface data type
422	INTEGER(iwp) :: sr !< index of statistic region
423
424	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_l !<
425
426	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_outer_l !<
427	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_s_inner_l !<
428
429	REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< air temperature at the surface
430
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: p_hydrostatic !< hydrostatic pressure
432
433	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop variable
434	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_l !< index of top PE boundary for multigrid level
435	REAL(wp) :: dx_l !< grid spacing along x on different multigrid level
436	REAL(wp) :: dy_l !< grid spacing along y on different multigrid level
437
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: volume_flow_area_l !<
439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: volume_flow_initial_l !<
440
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: mean_surface_level_height_l !<
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_l !<
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_tmp !<
444
445
446	CALL location_message( 'allocating arrays', .FALSE. )
447	!
448	!-- Allocate arrays
449	ALLOCATE( mean_surface_level_height(0:statistic_regions), &
450	mean_surface_level_height_l(0:statistic_regions), &
451	ngp_2dh(0:statistic_regions), ngp_2dh_l(0:statistic_regions), &
452	ngp_3d(0:statistic_regions), &
453	ngp_3d_inner(0:statistic_regions), &
454	ngp_3d_inner_l(0:statistic_regions), &
455	ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0:statistic_regions), &
456	sums_divnew_l(0:statistic_regions), &
457	sums_divold_l(0:statistic_regions) )
458	ALLOCATE( dp_smooth_factor(nzb:nzt), rdf(nzb+1:nzt), rdf_sc(nzb+1:nzt) )
459	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_outer(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
460	ngp_2dh_outer_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
461	ngp_2dh_s_inner(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
462	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
463	rmask(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,0:statistic_regions), &
464	sums(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user), &
465	sums_l(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user,0:threads_per_task-1), &
466	sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0:threads_per_task-1), &
467	sums_up_fraction_l(10,3,0:statistic_regions), &
468	sums_wsts_bc_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
469	ts_value(dots_max,0:statistic_regions) )
470	ALLOCATE( ptdf_x(nxlg:nxrg), ptdf_y(nysg:nyng) )
471
472	ALLOCATE( d(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr), &
473	kh(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
474	km(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
475	p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
476	tend(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
477
478	#if defined( __nopointer )
479	ALLOCATE( e(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
480	e_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
481	pt(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
482	pt_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
483	u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
484	u_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
485	v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
486	v_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
487	w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
488	w_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
489	te_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
490	tpt_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
491	tu_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
492	tv_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
493	tw_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
494	#else
495	ALLOCATE( e_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
496	e_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
497	e_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
498	pt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
499	pt_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
500	u_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
501	u_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
502	u_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
503	v_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
504	v_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
505	v_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
506	w_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
507	w_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
508	w_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
509	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
510	ALLOCATE( pt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
511	ENDIF
512	#endif
513
514	!
515	!-- Following array is required for perturbation pressure within the iterative
516	!-- pressure solvers. For the multistep schemes (Runge-Kutta), array p holds
517	!-- the weighted average of the substeps and cannot be used in the Poisson
518	!-- solver.
519	IF ( psolver == 'sor' ) THEN
520	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
521	ELSEIF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' ) THEN
522	!
523	!-- For performance reasons, multigrid is using one ghost layer only
524	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
525	ENDIF
526
527	!
528	!-- Array for storing constant coeffficients of the tridiagonal solver
529	IF ( psolver == 'poisfft' ) THEN
530	ALLOCATE( tri(nxl_z:nxr_z,nys_z:nyn_z,0:nz-1,2) )
531	ALLOCATE( tric(nxl_z:nxr_z,nys_z:nyn_z,0:nz-1) )
532	ENDIF
533
534	IF ( humidity ) THEN
535	!
536	!-- 3D-humidity
537	#if defined( __nopointer )
538	ALLOCATE( q(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
539	q_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
540	tq_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
541	#else
542	ALLOCATE( q_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
543	q_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
544	q_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
545	#endif
546
547	!
548	!-- 3D-arrays needed for humidity
549	IF ( humidity ) THEN
550	#if defined( __nopointer )
551	ALLOCATE( vpt(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
552	#else
553	ALLOCATE( vpt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
554	#endif
555
556	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
557
558	!
559	!-- Liquid water content
560	#if defined( __nopointer )
561	ALLOCATE ( ql(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
562	#else
563	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
564	#endif
565	!
566	!-- Precipitation amount and rate (only needed if output is switched)
567	ALLOCATE( precipitation_amount(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
568	precipitation_rate(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
569
570	!
571	!-- 3D-cloud water content
572	#if defined( __nopointer )
573	ALLOCATE( qc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
574	#else
575	ALLOCATE( qc_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
576	#endif
577	!
578	!-- 3d-precipitation rate
579	ALLOCATE( prr(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
580
581	IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN
582	!
583	!-- 3D-rain water content, rain drop concentration arrays
584	#if defined( __nopointer )
585	ALLOCATE( nr(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
586	nr_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
587	qr(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
588	qr_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
589	tnr_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
590	tqr_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
591	#else
592	ALLOCATE( nr_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
593	nr_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
594	nr_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
595	qr_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
596	qr_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
597	qr_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
598	#endif
599	ENDIF
600
601	ENDIF
602
603	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
604	!
605	!-- Liquid water content, change in liquid water content
606	#if defined( __nopointer )
607	ALLOCATE ( ql(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
608	ql_c(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
609	#else
610	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
611	ql_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
612	#endif
613	!
614	!-- Real volume of particles (with weighting), volume of particles
615	ALLOCATE ( ql_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
616	ql_vp(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
617	ENDIF
618
619	ENDIF
620
621	ENDIF
622
623
624	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
625
626	!
627	!-- 3D scalar arrays
628	#if defined( __nopointer )
629	ALLOCATE( s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
630	s_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
631	ts_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
632	#else
633	ALLOCATE( s_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
634	s_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
635	s_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
636	#endif
637	ENDIF
638
639	IF ( ocean ) THEN
640	#if defined( __nopointer )
641	ALLOCATE( prho(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
642	rho_ocean(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
643	sa(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
644	sa_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
645	tsa_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
646	#else
647	ALLOCATE( prho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
648	rho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
649	sa_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
650	sa_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
651	sa_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
652	prho => prho_1
653	rho_ocean => rho_1 ! routines calc_mean_profile and diffusion_e require
654	! density to be apointer
655	#endif
656	ENDIF
657
658	!
659	!-- Allocation of anelastic and Boussinesq approximation specific arrays
660	ALLOCATE( p_hydrostatic(nzb:nzt+1) )
661	ALLOCATE( rho_air(nzb:nzt+1) )
662	ALLOCATE( rho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1) )
663	ALLOCATE( drho_air(nzb:nzt+1) )
664	ALLOCATE( drho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1) )
665
666	!
667	!-- Density profile calculation for anelastic approximation
668	t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**( r_d / cp )
669	IF ( TRIM( approximation ) == 'anelastic' ) THEN
670	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
671	p_hydrostatic(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * &
672	( 1 - ( g * zu(k) ) / ( cp * t_surface ) &
673	)**( cp / r_d )
674	rho_air(k) = ( p_hydrostatic(k) * &
675	( 100000.0_wp / p_hydrostatic(k) &
676	)**( r_d / cp ) &
677	) / ( r_d * pt_init(k) )
678	ENDDO
679	DO k = nzb, nzt
680	rho_air_zw(k) = 0.5_wp * ( rho_air(k) + rho_air(k+1) )
681	ENDDO
682	rho_air_zw(nzt+1) = rho_air_zw(nzt) &
683	+ 2.0_wp * ( rho_air(nzt+1) - rho_air_zw(nzt) )
684	ELSE
685	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
686	p_hydrostatic(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * &
687	( 1 - ( g * zu(nzb) ) / ( cp * t_surface ) &
688	)**( cp / r_d )
689	rho_air(k) = ( p_hydrostatic(k) * &
690	( 100000.0_wp / p_hydrostatic(k) &
691	)**( r_d / cp ) &
692	) / ( r_d * pt_init(nzb) )
693	ENDDO
694	DO k = nzb, nzt
695	rho_air_zw(k) = 0.5_wp * ( rho_air(k) + rho_air(k+1) )
696	ENDDO
697	rho_air_zw(nzt+1) = rho_air_zw(nzt) &
698	+ 2.0_wp * ( rho_air(nzt+1) - rho_air_zw(nzt) )
699	ENDIF
700
701	!-- compute the inverse density array in order to avoid expencive divisions
702	drho_air = 1.0_wp / rho_air
703	drho_air_zw = 1.0_wp / rho_air_zw
704
705	!
706	!-- Allocation of flux conversion arrays
707	ALLOCATE( heatflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
708	ALLOCATE( waterflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
709	ALLOCATE( momentumflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
710	ALLOCATE( heatflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
711	ALLOCATE( waterflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
712	ALLOCATE( momentumflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
713
714	!
715	!-- calculate flux conversion factors according to approximation and in-/output mode
716	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
717
718	IF ( TRIM( flux_input_mode ) == 'kinematic' ) THEN
719	heatflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
720	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
721	momentumflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
722	ELSEIF ( TRIM( flux_input_mode ) == 'dynamic' ) THEN
723	heatflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp / cp
724	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp / l_v
725	momentumflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
726	ENDIF
727
728	IF ( TRIM( flux_output_mode ) == 'kinematic' ) THEN
729	heatflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
730	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
731	momentumflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
732	ELSEIF ( TRIM( flux_output_mode ) == 'dynamic' ) THEN
733	heatflux_output_conversion(k) = cp
734	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = l_v
735	momentumflux_output_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
736	ENDIF
737
738	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
739	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
740	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
741	ENDIF
742
743	ENDDO
744
745	!
746	!-- In case of multigrid method, compute grid lengths and grid factors for the
747	!-- grid levels with respective density on each grid
748	IF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' ) THEN
749
750	ALLOCATE( ddx2_mg(maximum_grid_level) )
751	ALLOCATE( ddy2_mg(maximum_grid_level) )
752	ALLOCATE( dzu_mg(nzb+1:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
753	ALLOCATE( dzw_mg(nzb+1:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
754	ALLOCATE( f1_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
755	ALLOCATE( f2_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
756	ALLOCATE( f3_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
757	ALLOCATE( rho_air_mg(nzb:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
758	ALLOCATE( rho_air_zw_mg(nzb:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
759
760	dzu_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = dzu
761	rho_air_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air
762	!
763	!-- Next line to ensure an equally spaced grid.
764	dzu_mg(1,maximum_grid_level) = dzu(2)
765	rho_air_mg(nzb,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air(nzb) + &
766	(rho_air(nzb) - rho_air(nzb+1))
767
768	dzw_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = dzw
769	rho_air_zw_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air_zw
770	nzt_l = nzt
771	DO l = maximum_grid_level-1, 1, -1
772	dzu_mg(nzb+1,l) = 2.0_wp * dzu_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
773	dzw_mg(nzb+1,l) = 2.0_wp * dzw_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
774	rho_air_mg(nzb,l) = rho_air_mg(nzb,l+1) + (rho_air_mg(nzb,l+1) - rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l+1))
775	rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l+1) + (rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l+1) - rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l+1))
776	rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l) = rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
777	rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
778	nzt_l = nzt_l / 2
779	DO k = 2, nzt_l+1
780	dzu_mg(k,l) = dzu_mg(2k-2,l+1) + dzu_mg(2k-1,l+1)
781	dzw_mg(k,l) = dzw_mg(2k-2,l+1) + dzw_mg(2k-1,l+1)
782	rho_air_mg(k,l) = rho_air_mg(2*k-1,l+1)
783	rho_air_zw_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(2*k-1,l+1)
784	ENDDO
785	ENDDO
786
787	nzt_l = nzt
788	dx_l = dx
789	dy_l = dy
790	DO l = maximum_grid_level, 1, -1
791	ddx2_mg(l) = 1.0_wp / dx_l**2
792	ddy2_mg(l) = 1.0_wp / dy_l**2
793	DO k = nzb+1, nzt_l
794	f2_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(k,l) / ( dzu_mg(k+1,l) * dzw_mg(k,l) )
795	f3_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(k-1,l) / ( dzu_mg(k,l) * dzw_mg(k,l) )
796	f1_mg(k,l) = 2.0_wp * ( ddx2_mg(l) + ddy2_mg(l) ) &
797	* rho_air_mg(k,l) + f2_mg(k,l) + f3_mg(k,l)
798	ENDDO
799	nzt_l = nzt_l / 2
800	dx_l = dx_l * 2.0_wp
801	dy_l = dy_l * 2.0_wp
802	ENDDO
803
804	ENDIF
805
806	!
807	!-- 3D-array for storing the dissipation, needed for calculating the sgs
808	!-- particle velocities
809	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .OR. wang_kernel .OR. collision_turbulence )&
810	THEN
811	ALLOCATE( diss(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
812	ENDIF
813
814	!
815	!-- 1D-array for large scale subsidence velocity
816	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( w_subs ) ) THEN
817	ALLOCATE ( w_subs(nzb:nzt+1) )
818	w_subs = 0.0_wp
819	ENDIF
820
821	!
822	!-- Arrays to store velocity data from t-dt and the phase speeds which
823	!-- are needed for radiation boundary conditions
824	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
825	ALLOCATE( u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,1:2), &
826	v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1), &
827	w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1) )
828	ENDIF
829	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
830	ALLOCATE( u_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
831	v_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
832	w_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx) )
833	ENDIF
834	IF ( outflow_l .OR. outflow_r ) THEN
835	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
836	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
837	ENDIF
838	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
839	ALLOCATE( u_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg), &
840	v_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,1:2,nxlg:nxrg), &
841	w_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg) )
842	ENDIF
843	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
844	ALLOCATE( u_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
845	v_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
846	w_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg) )
847	ENDIF
848	IF ( outflow_s .OR. outflow_n ) THEN
849	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
850	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
851	ENDIF
852	IF ( outflow_l .OR. outflow_r .OR. outflow_s .OR. outflow_n ) THEN
853	ALLOCATE( c_u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1), c_v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1), c_w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1) )
854	ALLOCATE( c_u_m(nzb:nzt+1), c_v_m(nzb:nzt+1), c_w_m(nzb:nzt+1) )
855	ENDIF
856
857
858	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
859	!
860	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
861	e => e_1; e_p => e_2; te_m => e_3
862	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
863	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_2; tpt_m => pt_3
864	ELSE
865	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_1; tpt_m => pt_3
866	ENDIF
867	u => u_1; u_p => u_2; tu_m => u_3
868	v => v_1; v_p => v_2; tv_m => v_3
869	w => w_1; w_p => w_2; tw_m => w_3
870
871	IF ( humidity ) THEN
872	q => q_1; q_p => q_2; tq_m => q_3
873	IF ( humidity ) THEN
874	vpt => vpt_1
875	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
876	ql => ql_1
877	qc => qc_1
878	IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN
879	qr => qr_1; qr_p => qr_2; tqr_m => qr_3
880	nr => nr_1; nr_p => nr_2; tnr_m => nr_3
881	ENDIF
882	ENDIF
883	ENDIF
884	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
885	ql => ql_1
886	ql_c => ql_2
887	ENDIF
888	ENDIF
889
890	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
891	s => s_1; s_p => s_2; ts_m => s_3
892	ENDIF
893
894	IF ( ocean ) THEN
895	sa => sa_1; sa_p => sa_2; tsa_m => sa_3
896	ENDIF
897	#endif
898	!
899	!-- Initialize wall arrays
900	CALL init_surface_arrays
901	!
902	!-- Allocate land surface model arrays
903	IF ( land_surface ) THEN
904	CALL lsm_init_arrays
905	ENDIF
906
907	!
908	!-- Allocate wind turbine model arrays
909	IF ( wind_turbine ) THEN
910	CALL wtm_init_arrays
911	ENDIF
912
913	!
914	!-- Initialize virtual flight measurements
915	IF ( virtual_flight ) THEN
916	CALL flight_init
917	ENDIF
918
919	!
920	!-- Allocate arrays containing the RK coefficient for calculation of
921	!-- perturbation pressure and turbulent fluxes. At this point values are
922	!-- set for pressure calculation during initialization (where no timestep
923	!-- is done). Further below the values needed within the timestep scheme
924	!-- will be set.
925	ALLOCATE( weight_substep(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max), &
926	weight_pres(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max) )
927	weight_substep = 1.0_wp
928	weight_pres = 1.0_wp
929	intermediate_timestep_count = 0 ! needed when simulated_time = 0.0
930
931	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
932
933	!
934	!-- Initialize local summation arrays for routine flow_statistics.
935	!-- This is necessary because they may not yet have been initialized when they
936	!-- are called from flow_statistics (or - depending on the chosen model run -
937	!-- are never initialized)
938	sums_divnew_l = 0.0_wp
939	sums_divold_l = 0.0_wp
940	sums_l_l = 0.0_wp
941	sums_up_fraction_l = 0.0_wp
942	sums_wsts_bc_l = 0.0_wp
943
944	!
945	!-- Initialize model variables
946	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
947	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
948	!
949	!-- First model run of a possible job queue.
950	!-- Initial profiles of the variables must be computes.
951	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_1d-model_profiles' ) /= 0 ) THEN
952
953	CALL location_message( 'initializing with 1D model profiles', .FALSE. )
954	!
955	!-- Use solutions of the 1D model as initial profiles,
956	!-- start 1D model
957	CALL init_1d_model
958	!
959	!-- Transfer initial profiles to the arrays of the 3D model
960	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
961	DO j = nysg, nyng
962	e(:,j,i) = e1d
963	kh(:,j,i) = kh1d
964	km(:,j,i) = km1d
965	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
966	u(:,j,i) = u1d
967	v(:,j,i) = v1d
968	ENDDO
969	ENDDO
970
971	IF ( humidity ) THEN
972	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
973	DO j = nysg, nyng
974	q(:,j,i) = q_init
975	ENDDO
976	ENDDO
977	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
978	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
979	DO j = nysg, nyng
980	qr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
981	nr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
982	ENDDO
983	ENDDO
984
985	ENDIF
986	ENDIF
987	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
988	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
989	DO j = nysg, nyng
990	s(:,j,i) = s_init
991	ENDDO
992	ENDDO
993	ENDIF
994
995	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
996	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
997	DO j = nysg, nyng
998	e(:,j,i) = e1d
999	ENDDO
1000	ENDDO
1001	!
1002	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
1003	hom(:,1,25,:) = SPREAD( l1d, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1004
1005	ELSE
1006	e = 0.0_wp ! must be set, because used in
1007	ENDIF
1008	!
1009	!-- Inside buildings set velocities back to zero
1010	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
1011	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1012	DO j = nysg, nyng
1013	DO k = nzb, nzt
1014	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1015	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1016	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1017	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1018	ENDDO
1019	ENDDO
1020	ENDDO
1021
1022	!
1023	!-- WARNING: The extra boundary conditions set after running the
1024	!-- ------- 1D model impose an error on the divergence one layer
1025	!-- below the topography; need to correct later
1026	!-- ATTENTION: Provisional correction for Piacsek & Williams
1027	!-- --------- advection scheme: keep u and v zero one layer below
1028	!-- the topography.
1029	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 1 ) THEN
1030	!
1031	!-- Neumann condition
1032	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1033	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1034	u(nzb,j,i) = u(nzb+1,j,i)
1035	v(nzb,j,i) = v(nzb+1,j,i)
1036	ENDDO
1037	ENDDO
1038
1039	ENDIF
1040
1041	ENDIF
1042
1043	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1044
1045	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles') /= 0 ) &
1046	THEN
1047
1048	CALL location_message( 'initializing with constant profiles', .FALSE. )
1049	!
1050	!-- Overwrite initial profiles in case of nudging
1051	IF ( nudging ) THEN
1052	pt_init = ptnudge(:,1)
1053	u_init = unudge(:,1)
1054	v_init = vnudge(:,1)
1055	IF ( humidity ) THEN ! is passive_scalar correct???
1056	q_init = qnudge(:,1)
1057	ENDIF
1058
1059	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Initial profiles of u, v and ', &
1060	'scalars from NUDGING_DATA are used.'
1061	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0370', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
1062	ENDIF
1063
1064	!
1065	!-- Overwrite initial profiles in case of synthetic turbulence generator
1066	IF( use_synthetic_turbulence_generator ) THEN
1067	CALL stg_init
1068	ENDIF
1069
1070	!
1071	!-- Use constructed initial profiles (velocity constant with height,
1072	!-- temperature profile with constant gradient)
1073	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1074	DO j = nysg, nyng
1075	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
1076	u(:,j,i) = u_init
1077	v(:,j,i) = v_init
1078	ENDDO
1079	ENDDO
1080
1081	!
1082	!-- Set initial horizontal velocities at the lowest computational grid
1083	!-- levels to zero in order to avoid too small time steps caused by the
1084	!-- diffusion limit in the initial phase of a run (at k=1, dz/2 occurs
1085	!-- in the limiting formula!).
1086	IF ( ibc_uv_b /= 1 ) THEN
1087	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1088	DO j = nysg, nyng
1089	DO k = nzb, nzt
1090	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1091	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 20 ) )
1092	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1093	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 21 ) )
1094	ENDDO
1095	ENDDO
1096	ENDDO
1097	ENDIF
1098
1099	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1100	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1101	DO j = nysg, nyng
1102	q(:,j,i) = q_init
1103	ENDDO
1104	ENDDO
1105	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1106
1107	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1108	DO j = nysg, nyng
1109	qr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1110	nr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1111	ENDDO
1112	ENDDO
1113
1114	ENDIF
1115	ENDIF
1116
1117	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1118	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1119	DO j = nysg, nyng
1120	s(:,j,i) = s_init
1121	ENDDO
1122	ENDDO
1123	ENDIF
1124
1125	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1126	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1127	DO j = nysg, nyng
1128	sa(:,j,i) = sa_init
1129	ENDDO
1130	ENDDO
1131	ENDIF
1132
1133	IF ( constant_diffusion ) THEN
1134	km = km_constant
1135	kh = km / prandtl_number
1136	e = 0.0_wp
1137	ELSEIF ( e_init > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1138	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1139	km(k,:,:) = 0.1_wp * l_grid(k) * SQRT( e_init )
1140	ENDDO
1141	km(nzb,:,:) = km(nzb+1,:,:)
1142	km(nzt+1,:,:) = km(nzt,:,:)
1143	kh = km / prandtl_number
1144	e = e_init
1145	ELSE
1146	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
1147	kh = 0.01_wp ! there must exist an initial diffusion, because
1148	km = 0.01_wp ! otherwise no TKE would be produced by the
1149	! production terms, as long as not yet
1150	! e = (u/cm)*2 at k=nzb+1
1151	ELSE
1152	kh = 0.00001_wp
1153	km = 0.00001_wp
1154	ENDIF
1155	e = 0.0_wp
1156	ENDIF
1157	!
1158	!-- Compute initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1159	!-- of a sloping surface
1160	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1161
1162	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1163
1164	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'by_user') /= 0 ) &
1165	THEN
1166
1167	CALL location_message( 'initializing by user', .FALSE. )
1168	!
1169	!-- Initialization will completely be done by the user
1170	CALL user_init_3d_model
1171
1172	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1173
1174	ENDIF
1175
1176	CALL location_message( 'initializing statistics, boundary conditions, etc.', &
1177	.FALSE. )
1178
1179	!
1180	!-- Bottom boundary
1181	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2 ) THEN
1182	u(nzb,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1183	v(nzb,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1184	ENDIF
1185
1186	!
1187	!-- Apply channel flow boundary condition
1188	IF ( TRIM( bc_uv_t ) == 'dirichlet_0' ) THEN
1189	u(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1190	v(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1191	ENDIF
1192
1193	!
1194	!-- Calculate virtual potential temperature
1195	IF ( humidity ) vpt = pt * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q )
1196
1197	!
1198	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
1199	hom(:,1,5,:) = SPREAD( u(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1200	hom(:,1,6,:) = SPREAD( v(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1201	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2) THEN
1202	hom(nzb,1,5,:) = 0.0_wp
1203	hom(nzb,1,6,:) = 0.0_wp
1204	ENDIF
1205	hom(:,1,7,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1206	hom(:,1,23,:) = SPREAD( km(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1207	hom(:,1,24,:) = SPREAD( kh(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1208
1209	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1210	!
1211	!-- Store initial salinity profile
1212	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( sa(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1213	ENDIF
1214
1215	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1216	!
1217	!-- Store initial profile of total water content, virtual potential
1218	!-- temperature
1219	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1220	hom(:,1,29,:) = SPREAD( vpt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1221	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
1222	!
1223	!-- Store initial profile of specific humidity and potential
1224	!-- temperature
1225	hom(:,1,27,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1226	hom(:,1,28,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1227	ENDIF
1228	ENDIF
1229
1230	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1231	!
1232	!-- Store initial scalar profile
1233	hom(:,1,115,:) = SPREAD( s(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1234	ENDIF
1235
1236	!
1237	!-- Initialize the random number generators (from numerical recipes)
1238	CALL random_function_ini
1239
1240	IF ( random_generator == 'random-parallel' ) THEN
1241	CALL init_parallel_random_generator(nx, ny, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr)
1242	ENDIF
1243	!
1244	!-- Set the reference state to be used in the buoyancy terms (for ocean runs
1245	!-- the reference state will be set (overwritten) in init_ocean)
1246	IF ( use_single_reference_value ) THEN
1247	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1248	ref_state(:) = pt_reference
1249	ELSE
1250	ref_state(:) = vpt_reference
1251	ENDIF
1252	ELSE
1253	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1254	ref_state(:) = pt_init(:)
1255	ELSE
1256	ref_state(:) = vpt(:,nys,nxl)
1257	ENDIF
1258	ENDIF
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- For the moment, vertical velocity is zero
1262	w = 0.0_wp
1263
1264	!
1265	!-- Initialize array sums (must be defined in first call of pres)
1266	sums = 0.0_wp
1267
1268	!
1269	!-- In case of iterative solvers, p must get an initial value
1270	IF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' .OR. psolver == 'sor' ) p = 0.0_wp
1271
1272	!
1273	!-- Treating cloud physics, liquid water content and precipitation amount
1274	!-- are zero at beginning of the simulation
1275	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1276	ql = 0.0_wp
1277	qc = 0.0_wp
1278
1279	precipitation_amount = 0.0_wp
1280	ENDIF
1281	!
1282	!-- Impose vortex with vertical axis on the initial velocity profile
1283	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_vortex' ) /= 0 ) THEN
1284	CALL init_rankine
1285	ENDIF
1286
1287	!
1288	!-- Impose temperature anomaly (advection test only)
1289	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_ptanom' ) /= 0 ) THEN
1290	CALL init_pt_anomaly
1291	ENDIF
1292
1293	!
1294	!-- If required, change the surface temperature at the start of the 3D run
1295	IF ( pt_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1296	pt(nzb,:,:) = pt(nzb,:,:) + pt_surface_initial_change
1297	ENDIF
1298
1299	!
1300	!-- If required, change the surface humidity/scalar at the start of the 3D
1301	!-- run
1302	IF ( humidity .AND. q_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) &
1303	q(nzb,:,:) = q(nzb,:,:) + q_surface_initial_change
1304
1305	IF ( passive_scalar .AND. s_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) &
1306	s(nzb,:,:) = s(nzb,:,:) + s_surface_initial_change
1307
1308
1309	!
1310	!-- Initialize old and new time levels.
1311	te_m = 0.0_wp; tpt_m = 0.0_wp; tu_m = 0.0_wp; tv_m = 0.0_wp; tw_m = 0.0_wp
1312	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1313
1314	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1315	tq_m = 0.0_wp
1316	q_p = q
1317	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1318	tqr_m = 0.0_wp
1319	qr_p = qr
1320	tnr_m = 0.0_wp
1321	nr_p = nr
1322	ENDIF
1323	ENDIF
1324
1325	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1326	ts_m = 0.0_wp
1327	s_p = s
1328	ENDIF
1329
1330	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1331	tsa_m = 0.0_wp
1332	sa_p = sa
1333	ENDIF
1334
1335	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1336
1337	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' .OR. &
1338	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) &
1339	THEN
1340
1341	CALL location_message( 'initializing in case of restart / cyclic_fill', &
1342	.FALSE. )
1343	!
1344	!-- Initialize surface elements and its attributes, e.g. heat- and
1345	!-- momentumfluxes, roughness, scaling parameters. As number of surface
1346	!-- elements might be different between runs, e.g. in case of cyclic fill,
1347	!-- and not all surface elements are read, surface elements need to be
1348	!-- initialized before.
1349	CALL init_surfaces
1350	!
1351	!-- When reading data for cyclic fill of 3D prerun data files, read
1352	!-- some of the global variables from the restart file which are required
1353	!-- for initializing the inflow
1354	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1355
1356	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1357	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1358	CALL read_parts_of_var_list
1359	CALL close_file( 13 )
1360	ENDIF
1361	#if defined( __parallel )
1362	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1363	#endif
1364	ENDDO
1365
1366	ENDIF
1367
1368	!
1369	!-- Read binary data from restart file
1370	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1371	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1372	CALL read_3d_binary
1373	ENDIF
1374	#if defined( __parallel )
1375	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1376	#endif
1377	ENDDO
1378
1379	!
1380	!-- Initialization of the turbulence recycling method
1381	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1382	turbulent_inflow ) THEN
1383	!
1384	!-- First store the profiles to be used at the inflow.
1385	!-- These profiles are the (temporally) and horizontally averaged vertical
1386	!-- profiles from the prerun. Alternatively, prescribed profiles
1387	!-- for u,v-components can be used.
1388	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,7) )
1389
1390	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1391	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init ! u
1392	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init ! v
1393	ELSE
1394	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = hom_sum(:,1,0) ! u
1395	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = hom_sum(:,2,0) ! v
1396	ENDIF
1397	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = hom_sum(:,4,0) ! pt
1398	mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) = hom_sum(:,8,0) ! e
1399	IF ( humidity ) &
1400	mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = hom_sum(:,41,0) ! q
1401	IF ( passive_scalar ) &
1402	mean_inflow_profiles(:,7) = hom_sum(:,115,0) ! s
1403
1404	!
1405	!-- If necessary, adjust the horizontal flow field to the prescribed
1406	!-- profiles
1407	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1408	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1409	DO j = nysg, nyng
1410	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1411	u(k,j,i) = u(k,j,i) - hom_sum(k,1,0) + u_init(k)
1412	v(k,j,i) = v(k,j,i) - hom_sum(k,2,0) + v_init(k)
1413	ENDDO
1414	ENDDO
1415	ENDDO
1416	ENDIF
1417
1418	!
1419	!-- Use these mean profiles at the inflow (provided that Dirichlet
1420	!-- conditions are used)
1421	IF ( inflow_l ) THEN
1422	DO j = nysg, nyng
1423	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1424	u(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,1)
1425	v(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,2)
1426	w(k,j,nxlg:-1) = 0.0_wp
1427	pt(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,4)
1428	e(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,5)
1429	IF ( humidity ) &
1430	q(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,6)
1431	IF ( passive_scalar ) &
1432	s(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,7)
1433	ENDDO
1434	ENDDO
1435	ENDIF
1436
1437	!
1438	!-- Calculate the damping factors to be used at the inflow. For a
1439	!-- turbulent inflow the turbulent fluctuations have to be limited
1440	!-- vertically because otherwise the turbulent inflow layer will grow
1441	!-- in time.
1442	IF ( inflow_damping_height == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1443	!
1444	!-- Default: use the inversion height calculated by the prerun; if
1445	!-- this is zero, inflow_damping_height must be explicitly
1446	!-- specified.
1447	IF ( hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1448	inflow_damping_height = hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0)
1449	ELSE
1450	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'inflow_damping_height must be ', &
1451	'explicitly specified because&the inversion height ', &
1452	'calculated by the prerun is zero.'
1453	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0318', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1454	ENDIF
1455
1456	ENDIF
1457
1458	IF ( inflow_damping_width == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1459	!
1460	!-- Default for the transition range: one tenth of the undamped
1461	!-- layer
1462	inflow_damping_width = 0.1_wp * inflow_damping_height
1463
1464	ENDIF
1465
1466	ALLOCATE( inflow_damping_factor(nzb:nzt+1) )
1467
1468	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1469
1470	IF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height ) THEN
1471	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0_wp
1472	ELSEIF ( zu(k) <= ( inflow_damping_height + inflow_damping_width ) ) THEN
1473	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0_wp - &
1474	( zu(k) - inflow_damping_height ) / &
1475	inflow_damping_width
1476	ELSE
1477	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 0.0_wp
1478	ENDIF
1479
1480	ENDDO
1481
1482	ENDIF
1483
1484	!
1485	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero
1486	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1487	topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
1488	!
1489	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero.
1490	!-- Other scalars (pt, q, s, km, kh, p, sa, ...) are ignored at present,
1491	!-- maybe revise later.
1492	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1493	DO j = nysg, nyng
1494	DO k = nzb, nzt
1495	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1496	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1497	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1498	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1499	w(k,j,i) = MERGE( w(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1500	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
1501	e(k,j,i) = MERGE( e(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1502	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
1503	tu_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tu_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1504	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1505	tv_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tv_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1506	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1507	tw_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tw_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1508	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
1509	te_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( te_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1510	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
1511	tpt_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tpt_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1512	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
1513	ENDDO
1514	ENDDO
1515	ENDDO
1516
1517	ENDIF
1518
1519	!
1520	!-- Calculate initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1521	!-- of a sloping surface
1522	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1523
1524	!
1525	!-- Initialize new time levels (only done in order to set boundary values
1526	!-- including ghost points)
1527	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1528	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1529	q_p = q
1530	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1531	qr_p = qr
1532	nr_p = nr
1533	ENDIF
1534	ENDIF
1535	IF ( passive_scalar ) s_p = s
1536	IF ( ocean ) sa_p = sa
1537
1538	!
1539	!-- Allthough tendency arrays are set in prognostic_equations, they have
1540	!-- have to be predefined here because they are used (but multiplied with 0)
1541	!-- there before they are set.
1542	te_m = 0.0_wp; tpt_m = 0.0_wp; tu_m = 0.0_wp; tv_m = 0.0_wp; tw_m = 0.0_wp
1543	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1544	tq_m = 0.0_wp
1545	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1546	tqr_m = 0.0_wp
1547	tnr_m = 0.0_wp
1548	ENDIF
1549	ENDIF
1550	IF ( passive_scalar ) ts_m = 0.0_wp
1551	IF ( ocean ) tsa_m = 0.0_wp
1552	!
1553	!-- Initialize synthetic turbulence generator in case of restart.
1554	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1555	use_synthetic_turbulence_generator ) CALL stg_init
1556
1557	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1558
1559	ELSE
1560	!
1561	!-- Actually this part of the programm should not be reached
1562	message_string = 'unknown initializing problem'
1563	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0193', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1564	ENDIF
1565
1566
1567	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1568	!
1569	!-- Initialize old timelevels needed for radiation boundary conditions
1570	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
1571	u_m_l(:,:,:) = u(:,:,1:2)
1572	v_m_l(:,:,:) = v(:,:,0:1)
1573	w_m_l(:,:,:) = w(:,:,0:1)
1574	ENDIF
1575	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
1576	u_m_r(:,:,:) = u(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1577	v_m_r(:,:,:) = v(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1578	w_m_r(:,:,:) = w(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1579	ENDIF
1580	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
1581	u_m_s(:,:,:) = u(:,0:1,:)
1582	v_m_s(:,:,:) = v(:,1:2,:)
1583	w_m_s(:,:,:) = w(:,0:1,:)
1584	ENDIF
1585	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
1586	u_m_n(:,:,:) = u(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1587	v_m_n(:,:,:) = v(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1588	w_m_n(:,:,:) = w(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1589	ENDIF
1590
1591	ENDIF
1592
1593	!
1594	!-- Calculate the initial volume flow at the right and north boundary
1595	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
1596
1597	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1598
1599	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1600	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1601
1602	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1603	DO j = nys, nyn
1604	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1605	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1606	u_init(k) * dzw(k) &
1607	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1608	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr), 1 )&
1609	)
1610
1611	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1612	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1613	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr), 1 )&
1614	)
1615	ENDDO
1616	ENDDO
1617	ENDIF
1618
1619	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1620	DO i = nxl, nxr
1621	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1622	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1623	v_init(k) * dzw(k) &
1624	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1625	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn,i), 2 )&
1626	)
1627	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1628	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1629	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn,i), 2 )&
1630	)
1631	ENDDO
1632	ENDDO
1633	ENDIF
1634
1635	#if defined( __parallel )
1636	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1637	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1638	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1639	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1640
1641	#else
1642	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1643	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1644	#endif
1645
1646	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1647
1648	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1649	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1650
1651	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1652	DO j = nys, nyn
1653	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1654	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1655	hom_sum(k,1,0) * dzw(k) &
1656	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1657	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1658	)
1659	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1660	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1661	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1662	)
1663	ENDDO
1664	ENDDO
1665	ENDIF
1666
1667	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1668	DO i = nxl, nxr
1669	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1670	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1671	hom_sum(k,2,0) * dzw(k) &
1672	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1673	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1674	)
1675	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1676	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1677	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1678	)
1679	ENDDO
1680	ENDDO
1681	ENDIF
1682
1683	#if defined( __parallel )
1684	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1685	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1686	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1687	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1688
1689	#else
1690	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1691	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1692	#endif
1693
1694	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1695
1696	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1697	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1698
1699	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1700	DO j = nys, nyn
1701	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1702	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1703	u(k,j,nx) * dzw(k) &
1704	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1705	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1706	)
1707	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1708	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1709	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1710	)
1711	ENDDO
1712	ENDDO
1713	ENDIF
1714
1715	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1716	DO i = nxl, nxr
1717	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1718	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1719	v(k,ny,i) * dzw(k) &
1720	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1721	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1722	)
1723	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1724	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1725	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1726	)
1727	ENDDO
1728	ENDDO
1729	ENDIF
1730
1731	#if defined( __parallel )
1732	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1733	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1734	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1735	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1736
1737	#else
1738	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1739	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1740	#endif
1741
1742	ENDIF
1743
1744	!
1745	!-- In case of 'bulk_velocity' mode, volume_flow_initial is calculated
1746	!-- from u\|v_bulk instead
1747	IF ( TRIM( conserve_volume_flow_mode ) == 'bulk_velocity' ) THEN
1748	volume_flow_initial(1) = u_bulk * volume_flow_area(1)
1749	volume_flow_initial(2) = v_bulk * volume_flow_area(2)
1750	ENDIF
1751
1752	ENDIF
1753	!
1754	!-- Initialize surface elements and its attributes, e.g. heat- and
1755	!-- momentumfluxes, roughness, scaling parameters.
1756	!-- This is already done in case of restart data.
1757	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1758	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1759	CALL init_surfaces
1760	!
1761	!-- Finally, if random_heatflux is set, disturb shf at horizontal
1762	!-- surfaces. Actually, this should be done in surface_mod, where all other
1763	!-- initializations of surface quantities are done. However, this
1764	!-- would create a ring dependency, hence, it is done here. Maybe delete
1765	!-- disturb_heatflux and tranfer the respective code directly into the
1766	!-- initialization in surface_mod.
1767	IF ( use_surface_fluxes .AND. constant_heatflux .AND. &
1768	random_heatflux ) THEN
1769	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_def_h(0) )
1770	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_lsm_h )
1771	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_usm_h )
1772	ENDIF
1773	ENDIF
1774
1775	!
1776	!-- Initialize surface forcing corresponding to large-scale forcing. Therein,
1777	!-- initialize heat-fluxes, etc. via datatype. Revise it later!
1778	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
1779	IF ( use_surface_fluxes .AND. constant_heatflux ) THEN
1780	CALL ls_forcing_surf ( simulated_time )
1781	ENDIF
1782	ENDIF
1783	!
1784	!-- Initialize quantities for special advections schemes
1785	CALL init_advec
1786
1787	!
1788	!-- Impose random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field and then
1789	!-- remove the divergences from the velocity field at the initial stage
1790	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. disturbance_energy_limit /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
1791	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1792	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1793
1794	CALL location_message( 'creating initial disturbances', .FALSE. )
1795	CALL disturb_field( 'u', tend, u )
1796	CALL disturb_field( 'v', tend, v )
1797	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1798
1799	CALL location_message( 'calling pressure solver', .FALSE. )
1800	n_sor = nsor_ini
1801	CALL pres
1802	n_sor = nsor
1803	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1804
1805	ENDIF
1806
1807	!
1808	!-- If required, initialize quantities needed for the plant canopy model
1809	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
1810	CALL location_message( 'initializing plant canopy model', .FALSE. )
1811	CALL pcm_init
1812	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1813	ENDIF
1814
1815	!
1816	!-- If required, initialize dvrp-software
1817	IF ( dt_dvrp /= 9999999.9_wp ) CALL init_dvrp
1818
1819	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1820	!
1821	!-- Initialize quantities needed for the ocean model
1822	CALL init_ocean
1823
1824	ELSE
1825	!
1826	!-- Initialize quantities for handling cloud physics
1827	!-- This routine must be called before lpm_init, because
1828	!-- otherwise, array pt_d_t, needed in data_output_dvrp (called by
1829	!-- lpm_init) is not defined.
1830	CALL init_cloud_physics
1831	!
1832	!-- Initialize bulk cloud microphysics
1833	CALL microphysics_init
1834	ENDIF
1835
1836	!
1837	!-- If required, initialize particles
1838	IF ( particle_advection ) CALL lpm_init
1839
1840	!
1841	!-- If required, initialize quantities needed for the LSM
1842	IF ( land_surface ) THEN
1843	CALL location_message( 'initializing land surface model', .FALSE. )
1844	CALL lsm_init
1845	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1846	ENDIF
1847
1848	!
1849	!-- Initialize surface layer (done after LSM as roughness length are required
1850	!-- for initialization
1851	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
1852	CALL location_message( 'initializing surface layer', .FALSE. )
1853	CALL init_surface_layer_fluxes
1854	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1855	ENDIF
1856
1857	!
1858	!-- If required, initialize radiation model
1859	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1860	CALL location_message( 'initializing radiation model', .FALSE. )
1861	CALL radiation_init
1862	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1863	ENDIF
1864
1865	!
1866	!-- If required, initialize urban surface model
1867	IF ( urban_surface ) THEN
1868	CALL location_message( 'initializing urban surface model', .FALSE. )
1869	CALL usm_init_urban_surface
1870	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1871	ENDIF
1872
1873	!
1874	!-- If required, initialize quantities needed for the wind turbine model
1875	IF ( wind_turbine ) THEN
1876	CALL location_message( 'initializing wind turbine model', .FALSE. )
1877	CALL wtm_init
1878	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1879	ENDIF
1880
1881
1882	!
1883	!-- Initialize the ws-scheme.
1884	IF ( ws_scheme_sca .OR. ws_scheme_mom ) CALL ws_init
1885
1886	!
1887	!-- Setting weighting factors for calculation of perturbation pressure
1888	!-- and turbulent quantities from the RK substeps
1889	IF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-3' ) THEN ! for RK3-method
1890
1891	weight_substep(1) = 1._wp/6._wp
1892	weight_substep(2) = 3._wp/10._wp
1893	weight_substep(3) = 8._wp/15._wp
1894
1895	weight_pres(1) = 1._wp/3._wp
1896	weight_pres(2) = 5._wp/12._wp
1897	weight_pres(3) = 1._wp/4._wp
1898
1899	ELSEIF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-2' ) THEN ! for RK2-method
1900
1901	weight_substep(1) = 1._wp/2._wp
1902	weight_substep(2) = 1._wp/2._wp
1903
1904	weight_pres(1) = 1._wp/2._wp
1905	weight_pres(2) = 1._wp/2._wp
1906
1907	ELSE ! for Euler-method
1908
1909	weight_substep(1) = 1.0_wp
1910	weight_pres(1) = 1.0_wp
1911
1912	ENDIF
1913
1914	!
1915	!-- Initialize Rayleigh damping factors
1916	rdf = 0.0_wp
1917	rdf_sc = 0.0_wp
1918	IF ( rayleigh_damping_factor /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1919	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
1920	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1921	IF ( zu(k) >= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1922	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1923	( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * ( zu(k) - rayleigh_damping_height ) &
1924	/ ( zu(nzt) - rayleigh_damping_height ) ) &
1925	)**2
1926	ENDIF
1927	ENDDO
1928	ELSE
1929	DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1
1930	IF ( zu(k) <= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1931	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1932	( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(k) ) &
1933	/ ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(nzb+1) ) ) &
1934	)**2
1935	ENDIF
1936	ENDDO
1937	ENDIF
1938	ENDIF
1939	IF ( scalar_rayleigh_damping ) rdf_sc = rdf
1940
1941	!
1942	!-- Initialize the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
1943	!-- the external pressure gradient
1944	dp_smooth_factor = 1.0_wp
1945	IF ( dp_external ) THEN
1946	!
1947	!-- Set the starting level dp_level_ind_b only if it has not been set before
1948	!-- (e.g. in init_grid).
1949	IF ( dp_level_ind_b == 0 ) THEN
1950	ind_array = MINLOC( ABS( dp_level_b - zu ) )
1951	dp_level_ind_b = ind_array(1) - 1 + nzb
1952	! MINLOC uses lower array bound 1
1953	ENDIF
1954	IF ( dp_smooth ) THEN
1955	dp_smooth_factor(:dp_level_ind_b) = 0.0_wp
1956	DO k = dp_level_ind_b+1, nzt
1957	dp_smooth_factor(k) = 0.5_wp * ( 1.0_wp + SIN( pi * &
1958	( REAL( k - dp_level_ind_b, KIND=wp ) / &
1959	REAL( nzt - dp_level_ind_b, KIND=wp ) - 0.5_wp ) ) )
1960	ENDDO
1961	ENDIF
1962	ENDIF
1963
1964	!
1965	!-- Initialize damping zone for the potential temperature in case of
1966	!-- non-cyclic lateral boundaries. The damping zone has the maximum value
1967	!-- at the inflow boundary and decreases to zero at pt_damping_width.
1968	ptdf_x = 0.0_wp
1969	ptdf_y = 0.0_wp
1970	IF ( bc_lr_dirrad ) THEN
1971	DO i = nxl, nxr
1972	IF ( ( i * dx ) < pt_damping_width ) THEN
1973	ptdf_x(i) = pt_damping_factor * ( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1974	REAL( pt_damping_width - i * dx, KIND=wp ) / ( &
1975	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) ) ) )**2
1976	ENDIF
1977	ENDDO
1978	ELSEIF ( bc_lr_raddir ) THEN
1979	DO i = nxl, nxr
1980	IF ( ( i * dx ) > ( nx * dx - pt_damping_width ) ) THEN
1981	ptdf_x(i) = pt_damping_factor * &
1982	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1983	( ( i - nx ) * dx + pt_damping_width ) / &
1984	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1985	ENDIF
1986	ENDDO
1987	ELSEIF ( bc_ns_dirrad ) THEN
1988	DO j = nys, nyn
1989	IF ( ( j * dy ) > ( ny * dy - pt_damping_width ) ) THEN
1990	ptdf_y(j) = pt_damping_factor * &
1991	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1992	( ( j - ny ) * dy + pt_damping_width ) / &
1993	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1994	ENDIF
1995	ENDDO
1996	ELSEIF ( bc_ns_raddir ) THEN
1997	DO j = nys, nyn
1998	IF ( ( j * dy ) < pt_damping_width ) THEN
1999	ptdf_y(j) = pt_damping_factor * &
2000	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
2001	( pt_damping_width - j * dy ) / &
2002	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
2003	ENDIF
2004	ENDDO
2005	ENDIF
2006
2007	!
2008	!-- Pre-set masks for regional statistics. Default is the total model domain.
2009	!-- Ghost points are excluded because counting values at the ghost boundaries
2010	!-- would bias the statistics
2011	rmask = 1.0_wp
2012	rmask(:,nxlg:nxl-1,:) = 0.0_wp; rmask(:,nxr+1:nxrg,:) = 0.0_wp
2013	rmask(nysg:nys-1,:,:) = 0.0_wp; rmask(nyn+1:nyng,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2014
2015	!
2016	!-- User-defined initializing actions. Check afterwards, if maximum number
2017	!-- of allowed timeseries is exceeded
2018	CALL user_init
2019
2020	IF ( dots_num > dots_max ) THEN
2021	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'number of time series quantities exceeds', &
2022	' its maximum of dots_max = ', dots_max, &
2023	' &Please increase dots_max in modules.f90.'
2024	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0194', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2025	ENDIF
2026
2027	!
2028	!-- Input binary data file is not needed anymore. This line must be placed
2029	!-- after call of user_init!
2030	CALL close_file( 13 )
2031
2032	!
2033	!-- Compute total sum of active mask grid points
2034	!-- and the mean surface level height for each statistic region
2035	!-- ngp_2dh: number of grid points of a horizontal cross section through the
2036	!-- total domain
2037	!-- ngp_3d: number of grid points of the total domain
2038	ngp_2dh_outer_l = 0
2039	ngp_2dh_outer = 0
2040	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l = 0
2041	ngp_2dh_s_inner = 0
2042	ngp_2dh_l = 0
2043	ngp_2dh = 0
2044	ngp_3d_inner_l = 0.0_wp
2045	ngp_3d_inner = 0
2046	ngp_3d = 0
2047	ngp_sums = ( nz + 2 ) * ( pr_palm + max_pr_user )
2048
2049	mean_surface_level_height = 0.0_wp
2050	mean_surface_level_height_l = 0.0_wp
2051
2052	!
2053	!-- To do: New concept for these non-topography grid points!
2054	DO sr = 0, statistic_regions
2055	DO i = nxl, nxr
2056	DO j = nys, nyn
2057	IF ( rmask(j,i,sr) == 1.0_wp ) THEN
2058	!
2059	!-- All xy-grid points
2060	ngp_2dh_l(sr) = ngp_2dh_l(sr) + 1
2061	!
2062	!-- Determine mean surface-level height. In case of downward-
2063	!-- facing walls are present, more than one surface level exist.
2064	!-- In this case, use the lowest surface-level height.
2065	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i) <= &
2066	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
2067	m = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
2068	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
2069	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
2070	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
2071	ENDIF
2072	IF ( surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
2073	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
2074	m = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
2075	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2076	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
2077	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
2078	ENDIF
2079	IF ( surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
2080	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
2081	m = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i)
2082	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
2083	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
2084	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
2085	ENDIF
2086
2087	k_surf = k - 1
2088
2089	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
2090	!
2091	!-- xy-grid points above topography
2092	ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) + &
2093	MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 24 ) )
2094
2095	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) + &
2096	MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 22 ) )
2097
2098	ENDDO
2099	!
2100	!-- All grid points of the total domain above topography
2101	ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) = ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) + ( nz - k_surf + 2 )
2102
2103
2104
2105	ENDIF
2106	ENDDO
2107	ENDDO
2108	ENDDO
2109
2110	sr = statistic_regions + 1
2111	#if defined( __parallel )
2112	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2113	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_l(0), ngp_2dh(0), sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, &
2114	comm2d, ierr )
2115	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2116	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_outer_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_outer(0,0), (nz+2)*sr, &
2117	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2118	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2119	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_s_inner(0,0), &
2120	(nz+2)*sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2121	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2122	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_3d_inner_l(0), ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
2123	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2124	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_tmp, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
2125	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2126	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mean_surface_level_height_l(0), &
2127	mean_surface_level_height(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
2128	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2129	mean_surface_level_height = mean_surface_level_height / REAL( ngp_2dh )
2130	#else
2131	ngp_2dh = ngp_2dh_l
2132	ngp_2dh_outer = ngp_2dh_outer_l
2133	ngp_2dh_s_inner = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
2134	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_l, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
2135	mean_surface_level_height = mean_surface_level_height_l / REAL( ngp_2dh_l )
2136	#endif
2137
2138	ngp_3d = INT ( ngp_2dh, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) ) * &
2139	INT ( (nz + 2 ), KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
2140
2141	!
2142	!-- Set a lower limit of 1 in order to avoid zero divisions in flow_statistics,
2143	!-- buoyancy, etc. A zero value will occur for cases where all grid points of
2144	!-- the respective subdomain lie below the surface topography
2145	ngp_2dh_outer = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_outer(:,:) )
2146	ngp_3d_inner = MAX( INT(1, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 )), &
2147	ngp_3d_inner(:) )
2148	ngp_2dh_s_inner = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_s_inner(:,:) )
2149
2150	DEALLOCATE( mean_surface_level_height_l, ngp_2dh_l, ngp_2dh_outer_l, &
2151	ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp )
2152
2153	CALL location_message( 'leaving init_3d_model', .TRUE. )
2154
2155	END SUBROUTINE init_3d_model

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