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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90 @ 534

Last change on this file since 534 was 486, checked in by raasch, 15 years ago
last commit documented
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 56.1 KB

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1	#if defined( __ibmy_special )
2	@PROCESS NOOPTimize
3	#endif
4	SUBROUTINE init_3d_model
5
6	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
7	! Current revisions:
8	! -----------------
9	!
10	!
11	! Former revisions:
12	! -----------------
13	! $Id: init_3d_model.f90 486 2010-02-05 11:03:41Z heinze $
14	!
15	! 485 2010-02-05 10:57:51Z raasch
16	! calculation of ngp_3d + ngp_3d_inner changed because they have now 64 bit
17	!
18	! 407 2009-12-01 15:01:15Z maronga
19	! var_ts is replaced by dots_max
20	! Enabled passive scalar/humidity wall fluxes for non-flat topography
21	!
22	! 388 2009-09-23 09:40:33Z raasch
23	! Initialization of prho added.
24	! bugfix: correction of initial volume flow for non-flat topography
25	! bugfix: zero initialization of arrays within buildings for 'cyclic_fill'
26	! bugfix: avoid that ngp_2dh_s_inner becomes zero
27	! initializing_actions='read_data_for_recycling' renamed to 'cyclic_fill', now
28	! independent of turbulent_inflow
29	! Output of messages replaced by message handling routine.
30	! Set the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
31	! the external pressure gradient
32	! +conserve_volume_flow_mode: 'default', 'initial_profiles', 'inflow_profile'
33	! and 'bulk_velocity'
34	! If the inversion height calculated by the prerun is zero,
35	! inflow_damping_height must be explicitly specified.
36	!
37	! 181 2008-07-30 07:07:47Z raasch
38	! bugfix: zero assignments to tendency arrays in case of restarts,
39	! further extensions and modifications in the initialisation of the plant
40	! canopy model,
41	! allocation of hom_sum moved to parin, initialization of spectrum_x\|y directly
42	! after allocating theses arrays,
43	! read data for recycling added as new initialization option,
44	! dummy allocation for diss
45	!
46	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
47	! New counter ngp_2dh_s_inner.
48	! Allow new case bc_uv_t = 'dirichlet_0' for channel flow.
49	! Corrected calculation of initial volume flow for 'set_1d-model_profiles' and
50	! 'set_constant_profiles' in case of buildings in the reference cross-sections.
51	!
52	! 108 2007-08-24 15:10:38Z letzel
53	! Flux initialization in case of coupled runs, +momentum fluxes at top boundary,
54	! +arrays for phase speed c_u, c_v, c_w, indices for u\|v\|w_m_l\|r changed
55	! +qswst_remote in case of atmosphere model with humidity coupled to ocean
56	! Rayleigh damping for ocean, optionally calculate km and kh from initial
57	! TKE e_init
58	!
59	! 97 2007-06-21 08:23:15Z raasch
60	! Initialization of salinity, call of init_ocean
61	!
62	! 87 2007-05-22 15:46:47Z raasch
63	! var_hom and var_sum renamed pr_palm
64	!
65	! 75 2007-03-22 09:54:05Z raasch
66	! Arrays for radiation boundary conditions are allocated (u_m_l, u_m_r, etc.),
67	! bugfix for cases with the outflow damping layer extending over more than one
68	! subdomain, moisture renamed humidity,
69	! new initializing action "by_user" calls user_init_3d_model,
70	! precipitation_amount/rate, ts_value are allocated, +module netcdf_control,
71	! initial velocities at nzb+1 are regarded for volume
72	! flow control in case they have been set zero before (to avoid small timesteps)
73	! -uvmean_outflow, uxrp, vynp eliminated
74	!
75	! 19 2007-02-23 04:53:48Z raasch
76	! +handling of top fluxes
77	!
78	! RCS Log replace by Id keyword, revision history cleaned up
79	!
80	! Revision 1.49 2006/08/22 15:59:07 raasch
81	! No optimization of this file on the ibmy (Yonsei Univ.)
82	!
83	! Revision 1.1 1998/03/09 16:22:22 raasch
84	! Initial revision
85	!
86	!
87	! Description:
88	! ------------
89	! Allocation of arrays and initialization of the 3D model via
90	! a) pre-run the 1D model
91	! or
92	! b) pre-set constant linear profiles
93	! or
94	! c) read values of a previous run
95	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
96
97	USE arrays_3d
98	USE averaging
99	USE cloud_parameters
100	USE constants
101	USE control_parameters
102	USE cpulog
103	USE indices
104	USE interfaces
105	USE model_1d
106	USE netcdf_control
107	USE particle_attributes
108	USE pegrid
109	USE profil_parameter
110	USE random_function_mod
111	USE statistics
112
113	IMPLICIT NONE
114
115	INTEGER :: i, ind_array(1), j, k, sr
116
117	INTEGER, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_l
118
119	INTEGER, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_outer_l, &
120	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
121
122	REAL :: a, b
123
124	REAL, DIMENSION(1:2) :: volume_flow_area_l, volume_flow_initial_l
125
126	REAL, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp
127
128
129	!
130	!-- Allocate arrays
131	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh(0:statistic_regions), ngp_2dh_l(0:statistic_regions), &
132	ngp_3d(0:statistic_regions), &
133	ngp_3d_inner(0:statistic_regions), &
134	ngp_3d_inner_l(0:statistic_regions), &
135	ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0:statistic_regions), &
136	sums_divnew_l(0:statistic_regions), &
137	sums_divold_l(0:statistic_regions) )
138	ALLOCATE( dp_smooth_factor(nzb:nzt), rdf(nzb+1:nzt) )
139	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_outer(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
140	ngp_2dh_outer_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
141	ngp_2dh_s_inner(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
142	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
143	rmask(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1,0:statistic_regions), &
144	sums(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user), &
145	sums_l(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user,0:threads_per_task-1), &
146	sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0:threads_per_task-1), &
147	sums_up_fraction_l(10,3,0:statistic_regions), &
148	sums_wsts_bc_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
149	ts_value(dots_max,0:statistic_regions) )
150	ALLOCATE( km_damp_x(nxl-1:nxr+1), km_damp_y(nys-1:nyn+1) )
151
152	ALLOCATE( rif_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), shf_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
153	ts(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), tswst_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
154	us(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), usws_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
155	uswst_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
156	vsws_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
157	vswst_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), z0(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
158
159	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
160	!
161	!-- Leapfrog scheme needs two timelevels of diffusion quantities
162	ALLOCATE( rif_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
163	shf_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
164	tswst_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
165	usws_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
166	uswst_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
167	vswst_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
168	vsws_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
169	ENDIF
170
171	ALLOCATE( d(nzb+1:nzta,nys:nyna,nxl:nxra), &
172	e_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
173	e_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
174	e_3(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
175	kh_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
176	km_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
177	p(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
178	pt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
179	pt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
180	pt_3(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
181	tend(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
182	u_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
183	u_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
184	u_3(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
185	v_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
186	v_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
187	v_3(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
188	w_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
189	w_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
190	w_3(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
191
192	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
193	ALLOCATE( kh_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
194	km_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
195	ENDIF
196
197	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
198	!
199	!-- 2D-humidity/scalar arrays
200	ALLOCATE ( qs(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
201	qsws_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
202	qswst_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
203
204	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
205	ALLOCATE( qsws_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
206	qswst_2(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
207	ENDIF
208	!
209	!-- 3D-humidity/scalar arrays
210	ALLOCATE( q_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
211	q_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
212	q_3(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
213
214	!
215	!-- 3D-arrays needed for humidity only
216	IF ( humidity ) THEN
217	ALLOCATE( vpt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
218
219	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
220	ALLOCATE( vpt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
221	ENDIF
222
223	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
224	!
225	!-- Liquid water content
226	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
227	!
228	!-- Precipitation amount and rate (only needed if output is switched)
229	ALLOCATE( precipitation_amount(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
230	precipitation_rate(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
231	ENDIF
232
233	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
234	!
235	!-- Liquid water content, change in liquid water content,
236	!-- real volume of particles (with weighting), volume of particles
237	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
238	ql_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
239	ql_v(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
240	ql_vp(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
241	ENDIF
242
243	ENDIF
244
245	ENDIF
246
247	IF ( ocean ) THEN
248	ALLOCATE( saswsb_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
249	saswst_1(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
250	ALLOCATE( prho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
251	rho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
252	sa_1(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
253	sa_2(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
254	sa_3(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
255	prho => prho_1
256	rho => rho_1 ! routines calc_mean_profile and diffusion_e require
257	! density to be apointer
258	IF ( humidity_remote ) THEN
259	ALLOCATE( qswst_remote(nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
260	qswst_remote = 0.0
261	ENDIF
262	ENDIF
263
264	!
265	!-- 3D-array for storing the dissipation, needed for calculating the sgs
266	!-- particle velocities
267	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles ) THEN
268	ALLOCATE ( diss(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
269	ELSE
270	ALLOCATE ( diss(2,2,2) ) ! required because diss is used as a
271	! formal parameter
272	ENDIF
273
274	IF ( dt_dosp /= 9999999.9 ) THEN
275	ALLOCATE( spectrum_x( 1:nx/2, 1:10, 1:10 ), &
276	spectrum_y( 1:ny/2, 1:10, 1:10 ) )
277	spectrum_x = 0.0
278	spectrum_y = 0.0
279	ENDIF
280
281	!
282	!-- 3D-arrays for the leaf area density and the canopy drag coefficient
283	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
284	ALLOCATE ( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
285	lad_u(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
286	lad_v(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
287	lad_w(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
288	cdc(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
289
290	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
291	ALLOCATE ( sls(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
292	sec(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
293	ENDIF
294
295	IF ( cthf /= 0.0 ) THEN
296	ALLOCATE ( lai(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
297	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
298	ENDIF
299
300	ENDIF
301
302	!
303	!-- 4D-array for storing the Rif-values at vertical walls
304	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
305	ALLOCATE( rif_wall(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1,1:4) )
306	rif_wall = 0.0
307	ENDIF
308
309	!
310	!-- Velocities at nzb+1 needed for volume flow control
311	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
312	ALLOCATE( u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(nys:nyn), v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(nxl:nxr) )
313	u_nzb_p1_for_vfc = 0.0
314	v_nzb_p1_for_vfc = 0.0
315	ENDIF
316
317	!
318	!-- Arrays to store velocity data from t-dt and the phase speeds which
319	!-- are needed for radiation boundary conditions
320	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
321	ALLOCATE( u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,1:2), &
322	v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,0:1), &
323	w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,0:1) )
324	ENDIF
325	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
326	ALLOCATE( u_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nx-1:nx), &
327	v_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nx-1:nx), &
328	w_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nx-1:nx) )
329	ENDIF
330	IF ( outflow_l .OR. outflow_r ) THEN
331	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1), &
332	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1) )
333	ENDIF
334	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
335	ALLOCATE( u_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
336	v_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,1:2,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
337	w_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
338	ENDIF
339	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
340	ALLOCATE( u_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
341	v_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
342	w_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
343	ENDIF
344	IF ( outflow_s .OR. outflow_n ) THEN
345	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nxl-1:nxr+1), &
346	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
347	ENDIF
348
349	!
350	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
351	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
352
353	rif_m => rif_1; rif => rif_2
354	shf_m => shf_1; shf => shf_2
355	tswst_m => tswst_1; tswst => tswst_2
356	usws_m => usws_1; usws => usws_2
357	uswst_m => uswst_1; uswst => uswst_2
358	vsws_m => vsws_1; vsws => vsws_2
359	vswst_m => vswst_1; vswst => vswst_2
360	e_m => e_1; e => e_2; e_p => e_3; te_m => e_3
361	kh_m => kh_1; kh => kh_2
362	km_m => km_1; km => km_2
363	pt_m => pt_1; pt => pt_2; pt_p => pt_3; tpt_m => pt_3
364	u_m => u_1; u => u_2; u_p => u_3; tu_m => u_3
365	v_m => v_1; v => v_2; v_p => v_3; tv_m => v_3
366	w_m => w_1; w => w_2; w_p => w_3; tw_m => w_3
367
368	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
369	qsws_m => qsws_1; qsws => qsws_2
370	qswst_m => qswst_1; qswst => qswst_2
371	q_m => q_1; q => q_2; q_p => q_3; tq_m => q_3
372	IF ( humidity ) vpt_m => vpt_1; vpt => vpt_2
373	IF ( cloud_physics ) ql => ql_1
374	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
375	ql => ql_1
376	ql_c => ql_2
377	ENDIF
378	ENDIF
379
380	ELSE
381
382	rif => rif_1
383	shf => shf_1
384	tswst => tswst_1
385	usws => usws_1
386	uswst => uswst_1
387	vsws => vsws_1
388	vswst => vswst_1
389	e => e_1; e_p => e_2; te_m => e_3; e_m => e_3
390	kh => kh_1
391	km => km_1
392	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_2; tpt_m => pt_3; pt_m => pt_3
393	u => u_1; u_p => u_2; tu_m => u_3; u_m => u_3
394	v => v_1; v_p => v_2; tv_m => v_3; v_m => v_3
395	w => w_1; w_p => w_2; tw_m => w_3; w_m => w_3
396
397	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
398	qsws => qsws_1
399	qswst => qswst_1
400	q => q_1; q_p => q_2; tq_m => q_3; q_m => q_3
401	IF ( humidity ) vpt => vpt_1
402	IF ( cloud_physics ) ql => ql_1
403	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
404	ql => ql_1
405	ql_c => ql_2
406	ENDIF
407	ENDIF
408
409	IF ( ocean ) THEN
410	saswsb => saswsb_1
411	saswst => saswst_1
412	sa => sa_1; sa_p => sa_2; tsa_m => sa_3
413	ENDIF
414
415	ENDIF
416
417	!
418	!-- Initialize model variables
419	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
420	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
421	!
422	!-- First model run of a possible job queue.
423	!-- Initial profiles of the variables must be computes.
424	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_1d-model_profiles' ) /= 0 ) THEN
425	!
426	!-- Use solutions of the 1D model as initial profiles,
427	!-- start 1D model
428	CALL init_1d_model
429	!
430	!-- Transfer initial profiles to the arrays of the 3D model
431	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
432	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
433	e(:,j,i) = e1d
434	kh(:,j,i) = kh1d
435	km(:,j,i) = km1d
436	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
437	u(:,j,i) = u1d
438	v(:,j,i) = v1d
439	ENDDO
440	ENDDO
441
442	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
443	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
444	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
445	q(:,j,i) = q_init
446	ENDDO
447	ENDDO
448	ENDIF
449
450	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
451	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
452	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
453	e(:,j,i) = e1d
454	ENDDO
455	ENDDO
456	!
457	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
458	hom(:,1,25,:) = SPREAD( l1d, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
459
460	IF ( prandtl_layer ) THEN
461	rif = rif1d(nzb+1)
462	ts = 0.0 ! could actually be computed more accurately in the
463	! 1D model. Update when opportunity arises.
464	us = us1d
465	usws = usws1d
466	vsws = vsws1d
467	ELSE
468	ts = 0.0 ! must be set, because used in
469	rif = 0.0 ! flowste
470	us = 0.0
471	usws = 0.0
472	vsws = 0.0
473	ENDIF
474
475	ELSE
476	e = 0.0 ! must be set, because used in
477	rif = 0.0 ! flowste
478	ts = 0.0
479	us = 0.0
480	usws = 0.0
481	vsws = 0.0
482	ENDIF
483	uswst = top_momentumflux_u
484	vswst = top_momentumflux_v
485
486	!
487	!-- In every case qs = 0.0 (see also pt)
488	!-- This could actually be computed more accurately in the 1D model.
489	!-- Update when opportunity arises!
490	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) qs = 0.0
491
492	!
493	!-- inside buildings set velocities back to zero
494	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
495	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
496	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
497	u(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
498	v(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
499	ENDDO
500	ENDDO
501	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
502	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
503	DO j = nys, nyn
504	DO k = nzb + 1, nzb_u_inner(j,nx)
505	u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j) = u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j) + &
506	u1d(k) * dzu(k)
507	ENDDO
508	ENDDO
509	ENDIF
510	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
511	DO i = nxl, nxr
512	DO k = nzb + 1, nzb_v_inner(ny,i)
513	v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i) = v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i) + &
514	v1d(k) * dzu(k)
515	ENDDO
516	ENDDO
517	ENDIF
518	ENDIF
519	!
520	!-- WARNING: The extra boundary conditions set after running the
521	!-- ------- 1D model impose an error on the divergence one layer
522	!-- below the topography; need to correct later
523	!-- ATTENTION: Provisional correction for Piacsek & Williams
524	!-- --------- advection scheme: keep u and v zero one layer below
525	!-- the topography.
526	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
527	!
528	!-- Satisfying the Dirichlet condition with an extra layer below
529	!-- the surface where the u and v component change their sign.
530	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
531	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
532	IF ( nzb_u_inner(j,i) == 0 ) u(0,j,i) = -u(1,j,i)
533	IF ( nzb_v_inner(j,i) == 0 ) v(0,j,i) = -v(1,j,i)
534	ENDDO
535	ENDDO
536
537	ELSE
538	!
539	!-- Neumann condition
540	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
541	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
542	IF ( nzb_u_inner(j,i) == 0 ) u(0,j,i) = u(1,j,i)
543	IF ( nzb_v_inner(j,i) == 0 ) v(0,j,i) = v(1,j,i)
544	ENDDO
545	ENDDO
546
547	ENDIF
548
549	ENDIF
550
551	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles') /= 0 ) &
552	THEN
553	!
554	!-- Use constructed initial profiles (velocity constant with height,
555	!-- temperature profile with constant gradient)
556	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
557	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
558	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
559	u(:,j,i) = u_init
560	v(:,j,i) = v_init
561	ENDDO
562	ENDDO
563
564	!
565	!-- Set initial horizontal velocities at the lowest computational grid
566	!-- levels to zero in order to avoid too small time steps caused by the
567	!-- diffusion limit in the initial phase of a run (at k=1, dz/2 occurs
568	!-- in the limiting formula!). The original values are stored to be later
569	!-- used for volume flow control.
570	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
571	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
572	u(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = 0.0
573	v(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = 0.0
574	ENDDO
575	ENDDO
576	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
577	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
578	DO j = nys, nyn
579	DO k = nzb + 1, nzb_u_inner(j,nx) + 1
580	u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j) = u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j) + &
581	u_init(k) * dzu(k)
582	ENDDO
583	ENDDO
584	ENDIF
585	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
586	DO i = nxl, nxr
587	DO k = nzb + 1, nzb_v_inner(ny,i) + 1
588	v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i) = v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i) + &
589	v_init(k) * dzu(k)
590	ENDDO
591	ENDDO
592	ENDIF
593	ENDIF
594
595	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
596	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
597	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
598	q(:,j,i) = q_init
599	ENDDO
600	ENDDO
601	ENDIF
602
603	IF ( ocean ) THEN
604	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
605	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
606	sa(:,j,i) = sa_init
607	ENDDO
608	ENDDO
609	ENDIF
610
611	IF ( constant_diffusion ) THEN
612	km = km_constant
613	kh = km / prandtl_number
614	e = 0.0
615	ELSEIF ( e_init > 0.0 ) THEN
616	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
617	km(k,:,:) = 0.1 * l_grid(k) * SQRT( e_init )
618	ENDDO
619	km(nzb,:,:) = km(nzb+1,:,:)
620	km(nzt+1,:,:) = km(nzt,:,:)
621	kh = km / prandtl_number
622	e = e_init
623	ELSE
624	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
625	kh = 0.01 ! there must exist an initial diffusion, because
626	km = 0.01 ! otherwise no TKE would be produced by the
627	! production terms, as long as not yet
628	! e = (u/cm)*2 at k=nzb+1
629	ELSE
630	kh = 0.00001
631	km = 0.00001
632	ENDIF
633	e = 0.0
634	ENDIF
635	rif = 0.0
636	ts = 0.0
637	us = 0.0
638	usws = 0.0
639	uswst = top_momentumflux_u
640	vsws = 0.0
641	vswst = top_momentumflux_v
642	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) qs = 0.0
643
644	!
645	!-- Compute initial temperature field and other constants used in case
646	!-- of a sloping surface
647	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
648
649	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'by_user') /= 0 ) &
650	THEN
651	!
652	!-- Initialization will completely be done by the user
653	CALL user_init_3d_model
654
655	ENDIF
656
657	!
658	!-- Apply channel flow boundary condition
659	IF ( TRIM( bc_uv_t ) == 'dirichlet_0' ) THEN
660
661	u(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0
662	v(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0
663
664	!-- For the Dirichlet condition to be correctly applied at the top, set
665	!-- ug and vg to zero there
666	ug(nzt+1) = 0.0
667	vg(nzt+1) = 0.0
668
669	ENDIF
670
671	!
672	!-- Calculate virtual potential temperature
673	IF ( humidity ) vpt = pt * ( 1.0 + 0.61 * q )
674
675	!
676	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
677	hom(:,1,5,:) = SPREAD( u(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
678	hom(:,1,6,:) = SPREAD( v(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
679	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
680	hom(nzb,1,5,:) = -hom(nzb+1,1,5,:) ! due to satisfying the Dirichlet
681	hom(nzb,1,6,:) = -hom(nzb+1,1,6,:) ! condition with an extra layer
682	! below the surface where the u and v component change their sign
683	ENDIF
684	hom(:,1,7,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
685	hom(:,1,23,:) = SPREAD( km(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
686	hom(:,1,24,:) = SPREAD( kh(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
687
688	IF ( ocean ) THEN
689	!
690	!-- Store initial salinity profile
691	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( sa(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
692	ENDIF
693
694	IF ( humidity ) THEN
695	!
696	!-- Store initial profile of total water content, virtual potential
697	!-- temperature
698	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
699	hom(:,1,29,:) = SPREAD( vpt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
700	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
701	!
702	!-- Store initial profile of specific humidity and potential
703	!-- temperature
704	hom(:,1,27,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
705	hom(:,1,28,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
706	ENDIF
707	ENDIF
708
709	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
710	!
711	!-- Store initial scalar profile
712	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
713	ENDIF
714
715	!
716	!-- Initialize fluxes at bottom surface
717	IF ( use_surface_fluxes ) THEN
718
719	IF ( constant_heatflux ) THEN
720	!
721	!-- Heat flux is prescribed
722	IF ( random_heatflux ) THEN
723	CALL disturb_heatflux
724	ELSE
725	shf = surface_heatflux
726	!
727	!-- Over topography surface_heatflux is replaced by wall_heatflux(0)
728	IF ( TRIM( topography ) /= 'flat' ) THEN
729	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
730	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
731	IF ( nzb_s_inner(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
732	shf(j,i) = wall_heatflux(0)
733	ENDIF
734	ENDDO
735	ENDDO
736	ENDIF
737	ENDIF
738	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = shf
739	ENDIF
740
741	!
742	!-- Determine the near-surface water flux
743	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
744	IF ( constant_waterflux ) THEN
745	qsws = surface_waterflux
746	!
747	!-- Over topography surface_waterflux is replaced by
748	!-- wall_humidityflux(0)
749	IF ( TRIM( topography ) /= 'flat' ) THEN
750	wall_qflux = wall_humidityflux
751	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
752	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
753	IF ( nzb_s_inner(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
754	qsws(j,i) = wall_qflux(0)
755	ENDIF
756	ENDDO
757	ENDDO
758	ENDIF
759	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qsws_m ) ) qsws_m = qsws
760	ENDIF
761	ENDIF
762
763	ENDIF
764
765	!
766	!-- Initialize fluxes at top surface
767	!-- Currently, only the heatflux and salinity flux can be prescribed.
768	!-- The latent flux is zero in this case!
769	IF ( use_top_fluxes ) THEN
770
771	IF ( constant_top_heatflux ) THEN
772	!
773	!-- Heat flux is prescribed
774	tswst = top_heatflux
775	IF ( ASSOCIATED( tswst_m ) ) tswst_m = tswst
776
777	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
778	qswst = 0.0
779	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qswst_m ) ) qswst_m = qswst
780	ENDIF
781
782	IF ( ocean ) THEN
783	saswsb = bottom_salinityflux
784	saswst = top_salinityflux
785	ENDIF
786	ENDIF
787
788	!
789	!-- Initialization in case of a coupled model run
790	IF ( coupling_mode == 'ocean_to_atmosphere' ) THEN
791	tswst = 0.0
792	IF ( ASSOCIATED( tswst_m ) ) tswst_m = tswst
793	ENDIF
794
795	ENDIF
796
797	!
798	!-- Initialize Prandtl layer quantities
799	IF ( prandtl_layer ) THEN
800
801	z0 = roughness_length
802
803	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux ) THEN
804	!
805	!-- Surface temperature is prescribed. Here the heat flux cannot be
806	!-- simply estimated, because therefore rif, u* and theta* would have
807	!-- to be computed by iteration. This is why the heat flux is assumed
808	!-- to be zero before the first time step. It approaches its correct
809	!-- value in the course of the first few time steps.
810	shf = 0.0
811	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = 0.0
812	ENDIF
813
814	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
815	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux ) THEN
816	qsws = 0.0
817	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qsws_m ) ) qsws_m = 0.0
818	ENDIF
819	ENDIF
820
821	ENDIF
822
823	!
824	!-- Calculate the initial volume flow at the right and north boundary
825	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
826
827	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0
828	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0
829
830	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
831	DO j = nys, nyn
832	DO k = nzb_2d(j,nx) + 1, nzt
833	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
834	u(k,j,nx) * dzu(k)
835	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzu(k)
836	ENDDO
837	!
838	!-- Correction if velocity at nzb+1 has been set zero further above
839	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
840	u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j)
841	ENDDO
842	ENDIF
843
844	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
845	DO i = nxl, nxr
846	DO k = nzb_2d(ny,i) + 1, nzt
847	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
848	v(k,ny,i) * dzu(k)
849	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzu(k)
850	ENDDO
851	!
852	!-- Correction if velocity at nzb+1 has been set zero further above
853	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
854	v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i)
855	ENDDO
856	ENDIF
857
858	#if defined( __parallel )
859	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
860	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
861	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
862	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
863	#else
864	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
865	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
866	#endif
867	!
868	!-- In case of 'bulk_velocity' mode, volume_flow_initial is overridden
869	!-- and calculated from u\|v_bulk instead.
870	IF ( TRIM( conserve_volume_flow_mode ) == 'bulk_velocity' ) THEN
871	volume_flow_initial(1) = u_bulk * volume_flow_area(1)
872	volume_flow_initial(2) = v_bulk * volume_flow_area(2)
873	ENDIF
874
875	ENDIF
876
877	!
878	!-- For the moment, perturbation pressure and vertical velocity are zero
879	p = 0.0; w = 0.0
880
881	!
882	!-- Initialize array sums (must be defined in first call of pres)
883	sums = 0.0
884
885	!
886	!-- Treating cloud physics, liquid water content and precipitation amount
887	!-- are zero at beginning of the simulation
888	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
889	ql = 0.0
890	IF ( precipitation ) precipitation_amount = 0.0
891	ENDIF
892
893	!
894	!-- Impose vortex with vertical axis on the initial velocity profile
895	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_vortex' ) /= 0 ) THEN
896	CALL init_rankine
897	ENDIF
898
899	!
900	!-- Impose temperature anomaly (advection test only)
901	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_ptanom' ) /= 0 ) THEN
902	CALL init_pt_anomaly
903	ENDIF
904
905	!
906	!-- If required, change the surface temperature at the start of the 3D run
907	IF ( pt_surface_initial_change /= 0.0 ) THEN
908	pt(nzb,:,:) = pt(nzb,:,:) + pt_surface_initial_change
909	ENDIF
910
911	!
912	!-- If required, change the surface humidity/scalar at the start of the 3D
913	!-- run
914	IF ( ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) .AND. &
915	q_surface_initial_change /= 0.0 ) THEN
916	q(nzb,:,:) = q(nzb,:,:) + q_surface_initial_change
917	ENDIF
918
919	!
920	!-- Initialize the random number generator (from numerical recipes)
921	CALL random_function_ini
922
923	!
924	!-- Impose random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field and then
925	!-- remove the divergences from the velocity field
926	IF ( create_disturbances ) THEN
927	CALL disturb_field( nzb_u_inner, tend, u )
928	CALL disturb_field( nzb_v_inner, tend, v )
929	n_sor = nsor_ini
930	CALL pres
931	n_sor = nsor
932	ENDIF
933
934	!
935	!-- Once again set the perturbation pressure explicitly to zero in order to
936	!-- assure that it does not generate any divergences in the first time step.
937	!-- At t=0 the velocity field is free of divergence (as constructed above).
938	!-- Divergences being created during a time step are not yet known and thus
939	!-- cannot be corrected during the time step yet.
940	p = 0.0
941
942	!
943	!-- Initialize old and new time levels.
944	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
945	e_m = e; pt_m = pt; u_m = u; v_m = v; w_m = w; kh_m = kh; km_m = km
946	ELSE
947	te_m = 0.0; tpt_m = 0.0; tu_m = 0.0; tv_m = 0.0; tw_m = 0.0
948	ENDIF
949	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
950
951	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
952	IF ( ASSOCIATED( q_m ) ) q_m = q
953	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) tq_m = 0.0
954	q_p = q
955	IF ( humidity .AND. ASSOCIATED( vpt_m ) ) vpt_m = vpt
956	ENDIF
957
958	IF ( ocean ) THEN
959	tsa_m = 0.0
960	sa_p = sa
961	ENDIF
962
963
964	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' .OR. &
965	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) &
966	THEN
967	!
968	!-- When reading data for cyclic fill of 3D prerun data, first read
969	!-- some of the global variables from restart file
970	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
971
972	WRITE (9,*) 'before read_parts_of_var_list'
973	CALL local_flush( 9 )
974	CALL read_parts_of_var_list
975	WRITE (9,*) 'after read_parts_of_var_list'
976	CALL local_flush( 9 )
977	CALL close_file( 13 )
978
979	!
980	!-- Initialization of the turbulence recycling method
981	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
982	!
983	!-- Store temporally and horizontally averaged vertical profiles to be
984	!-- used as mean inflow profiles
985	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,5) )
986
987	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = hom_sum(:,1,0) ! u
988	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = hom_sum(:,2,0) ! v
989	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = hom_sum(:,4,0) ! pt
990	mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) = hom_sum(:,8,0) ! e
991
992	!
993	!-- Use these mean profiles for the inflow (provided that Dirichlet
994	!-- conditions are used)
995	IF ( inflow_l ) THEN
996	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
997	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
998	u(k,j,-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,1)
999	v(k,j,-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,2)
1000	w(k,j,-1) = 0.0
1001	pt(k,j,-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,4)
1002	e(k,j,-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,5)
1003	ENDDO
1004	ENDDO
1005	ENDIF
1006
1007	!
1008	!-- Calculate the damping factors to be used at the inflow. For a
1009	!-- turbulent inflow the turbulent fluctuations have to be limited
1010	!-- vertically because otherwise the turbulent inflow layer will grow
1011	!-- in time.
1012	IF ( inflow_damping_height == 9999999.9 ) THEN
1013	!
1014	!-- Default: use the inversion height calculated by the prerun; if
1015	!-- this is zero, inflow_damping_height must be explicitly
1016	!-- specified.
1017	IF ( hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0) /= 0.0 ) THEN
1018	inflow_damping_height = hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0)
1019	ELSE
1020	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'inflow_damping_height must be ',&
1021	'explicitly specified because&the inversion height ', &
1022	'calculated by the prerun is zero.'
1023	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0318', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1024	ENDIF
1025
1026	ENDIF
1027
1028	IF ( inflow_damping_width == 9999999.9 ) THEN
1029	!
1030	!-- Default for the transition range: one tenth of the undamped
1031	!-- layer
1032	inflow_damping_width = 0.1 * inflow_damping_height
1033
1034	ENDIF
1035
1036	ALLOCATE( inflow_damping_factor(nzb:nzt+1) )
1037
1038	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1039
1040	IF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height ) THEN
1041	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0
1042	ELSEIF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height + &
1043	inflow_damping_width ) THEN
1044	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0 - &
1045	( zu(k) - inflow_damping_height ) / &
1046	inflow_damping_width
1047	ELSE
1048	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 0.0
1049	ENDIF
1050
1051	ENDDO
1052	ENDIF
1053
1054	ENDIF
1055
1056	!
1057	!-- Read binary data from restart file
1058	WRITE (9,*) 'before read_3d_binary'
1059	CALL local_flush( 9 )
1060	CALL read_3d_binary
1061	WRITE (9,*) 'after read_3d_binary'
1062	CALL local_flush( 9 )
1063
1064	!
1065	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero
1066	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1067	topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
1068	!
1069	!-- Correction of initial volume flow
1070	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
1071	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1072	DO j = nys, nyn
1073	DO k = nzb + 1, nzb_u_inner(j,nx)
1074	u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j) = u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j) + &
1075	u(k,j,nx) * dzu(k)
1076	ENDDO
1077	ENDDO
1078	ENDIF
1079	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1080	DO i = nxl, nxr
1081	DO k = nzb + 1, nzb_v_inner(ny,i)
1082	v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i) = v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i) + &
1083	v(k,ny,i) * dzu(k)
1084	ENDDO
1085	ENDDO
1086	ENDIF
1087	ENDIF
1088
1089	!
1090	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero.
1091	!-- Other scalars (pt, q, s, km, kh, p, sa, ...) are ignored at present,
1092	!-- maybe revise later.
1093	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1094	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1095	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1096	u (nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1097	v (nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1098	w (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1099	e (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1100	u_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1101	v_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1102	w_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1103	e_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1104	tu_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1105	tv_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1106	tw_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1107	te_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1108	tpt_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1109	ENDDO
1110	ENDDO
1111	ELSE
1112	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1113	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1114	u (nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1115	v (nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1116	w (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1117	e (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1118	u_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1119	v_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1120	w_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1121	e_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1122	u_p(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1123	v_p(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1124	w_p(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1125	e_p(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1126	ENDDO
1127	ENDDO
1128	ENDIF
1129
1130	ENDIF
1131
1132	!
1133	!-- Calculate the initial volume flow at the right and north boundary
1134	IF ( conserve_volume_flow .AND. &
1135	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1136
1137	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0
1138	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0
1139
1140	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1141	DO j = nys, nyn
1142	DO k = nzb_2d(j,nx) + 1, nzt
1143	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1144	u(k,j,nx) * dzu(k)
1145	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzu(k)
1146	ENDDO
1147	!
1148	!-- Correction if velocity inside buildings has been set to zero
1149	!-- further above
1150	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1151	u_nzb_p1_for_vfc(j)
1152	ENDDO
1153	ENDIF
1154
1155	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1156	DO i = nxl, nxr
1157	DO k = nzb_2d(ny,i) + 1, nzt
1158	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1159	v(k,ny,i) * dzu(k)
1160	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzu(k)
1161	ENDDO
1162	!
1163	!-- Correction if velocity inside buildings has been set to zero
1164	!-- further above
1165	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1166	v_nzb_p1_for_vfc(i)
1167	ENDDO
1168	ENDIF
1169
1170	#if defined( __parallel )
1171	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1172	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1173	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1174	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1175	#else
1176	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1177	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1178	#endif
1179	ENDIF
1180
1181
1182	!
1183	!-- Calculate initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1184	!-- of a sloping surface
1185	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1186
1187	!
1188	!-- Initialize new time levels (only done in order to set boundary values
1189	!-- including ghost points)
1190	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1191	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) q_p = q
1192	IF ( ocean ) sa_p = sa
1193
1194	!
1195	!-- Allthough tendency arrays are set in prognostic_equations, they have
1196	!-- have to be predefined here because they are used (but multiplied with 0)
1197	!-- there before they are set.
1198	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1199	te_m = 0.0; tpt_m = 0.0; tu_m = 0.0; tv_m = 0.0; tw_m = 0.0
1200	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) tq_m = 0.0
1201	IF ( ocean ) tsa_m = 0.0
1202	ENDIF
1203
1204	ELSE
1205	!
1206	!-- Actually this part of the programm should not be reached
1207	message_string = 'unknown initializing problem'
1208	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0193', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1209	ENDIF
1210
1211
1212	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1213	!
1214	!-- Initialize old timelevels needed for radiation boundary conditions
1215	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
1216	u_m_l(:,:,:) = u(:,:,1:2)
1217	v_m_l(:,:,:) = v(:,:,0:1)
1218	w_m_l(:,:,:) = w(:,:,0:1)
1219	ENDIF
1220	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
1221	u_m_r(:,:,:) = u(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1222	v_m_r(:,:,:) = v(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1223	w_m_r(:,:,:) = w(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1224	ENDIF
1225	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
1226	u_m_s(:,:,:) = u(:,0:1,:)
1227	v_m_s(:,:,:) = v(:,1:2,:)
1228	w_m_s(:,:,:) = w(:,0:1,:)
1229	ENDIF
1230	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
1231	u_m_n(:,:,:) = u(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1232	v_m_n(:,:,:) = v(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1233	w_m_n(:,:,:) = w(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1234	ENDIF
1235
1236	ENDIF
1237
1238	!
1239	!-- Initialization of the leaf area density
1240	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
1241
1242	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1243
1244	CASE( 'block' )
1245
1246	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1247	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1248	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1249	cdc(:,j,i) = drag_coefficient
1250	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1251	sls(:,j,i) = leaf_surface_concentration
1252	sec(:,j,i) = scalar_exchange_coefficient
1253	ENDIF
1254	ENDDO
1255	ENDDO
1256
1257	CASE DEFAULT
1258
1259	!
1260	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1261	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1262	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1263	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1264	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1265	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1266
1267	END SELECT
1268
1269	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s )
1270	CALL exchange_horiz( cdc )
1271
1272	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1273	CALL exchange_horiz( sls )
1274	CALL exchange_horiz( sec )
1275	ENDIF
1276
1277	!
1278	!-- Sharp boundaries of the plant canopy in horizontal directions
1279	!-- In vertical direction the interpolation is retained, as the leaf
1280	!-- area density is initialised by prescribing a vertical profile
1281	!-- consisting of piecewise linear segments. The upper boundary
1282	!-- of the plant canopy is now defined by lad_w(pch_index,:,:) = 0.0.
1283
1284	DO i = nxl, nxr
1285	DO j = nys, nyn
1286	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1287	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0 ) THEN
1288	lad_u(k,j,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1289	lad_u(k,j,i+1) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1290	lad_v(k,j,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1291	lad_v(k,j+1,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1292	ENDIF
1293	ENDDO
1294	DO k = nzb, nzt
1295	lad_w(k,j,i) = 0.5 * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + lad_s(k,j,i) )
1296	ENDDO
1297	ENDDO
1298	ENDDO
1299
1300	lad_w(pch_index,:,:) = 0.0
1301	lad_w(nzt+1,:,:) = lad_w(nzt,:,:)
1302
1303	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_u )
1304	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_v )
1305	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_w )
1306
1307	!
1308	!-- Initialisation of the canopy heat source distribution
1309	IF ( cthf /= 0.0 ) THEN
1310	!
1311	!-- Piecewise evaluation of the leaf area index by
1312	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1313	lai(:,:,:) = 0.0
1314	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1315	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1316	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
1317	lai(k,j,i) = lai(k+1,j,i) + &
1318	( 0.5 * ( lad_w(k+1,j,i) + &
1319	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1320	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1321	( 0.5 * ( lad_w(k,j,i) + &
1322	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1323	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1324	ENDDO
1325	ENDDO
1326	ENDDO
1327
1328	!
1329	!-- Evaluation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
1330	!-- canopy
1331	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1332	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1333	DO k = 0, pch_index
1334	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1335	exp( -0.6 * lai(k,j,i) )
1336	ENDDO
1337	ENDDO
1338	ENDDO
1339
1340	!
1341	!-- The near surface heat flux is derived from the heat flux
1342	!-- distribution within the canopy
1343	shf(:,:) = canopy_heat_flux(0,:,:)
1344
1345	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = shf
1346
1347	ENDIF
1348
1349	ENDIF
1350
1351	!
1352	!-- If required, initialize dvrp-software
1353	IF ( dt_dvrp /= 9999999.9 ) CALL init_dvrp
1354
1355	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1356	!
1357	!-- Initialize quantities needed for the ocean model
1358	CALL init_ocean
1359
1360	ELSE
1361	!
1362	!-- Initialize quantities for handling cloud physics
1363	!-- This routine must be called before init_particles, because
1364	!-- otherwise, array pt_d_t, needed in data_output_dvrp (called by
1365	!-- init_particles) is not defined.
1366	CALL init_cloud_physics
1367	ENDIF
1368
1369	!
1370	!-- If required, initialize particles
1371	IF ( particle_advection ) CALL init_particles
1372
1373	!
1374	!-- Initialize quantities for special advections schemes
1375	CALL init_advec
1376
1377	!
1378	!-- Initialize Rayleigh damping factors
1379	rdf = 0.0
1380	IF ( rayleigh_damping_factor /= 0.0 ) THEN
1381	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
1382	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1383	IF ( zu(k) >= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1384	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1385	( SIN( pi * 0.5 * ( zu(k) - rayleigh_damping_height ) &
1386	/ ( zu(nzt) - rayleigh_damping_height ) )&
1387	)**2
1388	ENDIF
1389	ENDDO
1390	ELSE
1391	DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1
1392	IF ( zu(k) <= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1393	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1394	( SIN( pi * 0.5 * ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(k) ) &
1395	/ ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(nzb+1)))&
1396	)**2
1397	ENDIF
1398	ENDDO
1399	ENDIF
1400	ENDIF
1401
1402	!
1403	!-- Initialize the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
1404	!-- the external pressure gradient
1405	dp_smooth_factor = 1.0
1406	IF ( dp_external ) THEN
1407	!
1408	!-- Set the starting level dp_level_ind_b only if it has not been set before
1409	!-- (e.g. in init_grid).
1410	IF ( dp_level_ind_b == 0 ) THEN
1411	ind_array = MINLOC( ABS( dp_level_b - zu ) )
1412	dp_level_ind_b = ind_array(1) - 1 + nzb
1413	! MINLOC uses lower array bound 1
1414	ENDIF
1415	IF ( dp_smooth ) THEN
1416	dp_smooth_factor(:dp_level_ind_b) = 0.0
1417	DO k = dp_level_ind_b+1, nzt
1418	dp_smooth_factor(k) = 0.5 * ( 1.0 + SIN( pi * &
1419	( REAL( k - dp_level_ind_b ) / &
1420	REAL( nzt - dp_level_ind_b ) - 0.5 ) ) )
1421	ENDDO
1422	ENDIF
1423	ENDIF
1424
1425	!
1426	!-- Initialize diffusivities used within the outflow damping layer in case of
1427	!-- non-cyclic lateral boundaries. A linear increase is assumed over the first
1428	!-- half of the width of the damping layer
1429	IF ( bc_lr == 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
1430
1431	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1432	IF ( i >= nx - outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1433	km_damp_x(i) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1434	( i - ( nx - outflow_damping_width ) ) / &
1435	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1436	)
1437	ELSE
1438	km_damp_x(i) = 0.0
1439	ENDIF
1440	ENDDO
1441
1442	ELSEIF ( bc_lr == 'radiation/dirichlet' ) THEN
1443
1444	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1445	IF ( i <= outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1446	km_damp_x(i) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1447	( outflow_damping_width - i ) / &
1448	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1449	)
1450	ELSE
1451	km_damp_x(i) = 0.0
1452	ENDIF
1453	ENDDO
1454
1455	ENDIF
1456
1457	IF ( bc_ns == 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
1458
1459	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1460	IF ( j >= ny - outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1461	km_damp_y(j) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1462	( j - ( ny - outflow_damping_width ) ) / &
1463	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1464	)
1465	ELSE
1466	km_damp_y(j) = 0.0
1467	ENDIF
1468	ENDDO
1469
1470	ELSEIF ( bc_ns == 'radiation/dirichlet' ) THEN
1471
1472	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1473	IF ( j <= outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1474	km_damp_y(j) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1475	( outflow_damping_width - j ) / &
1476	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1477	)
1478	ELSE
1479	km_damp_y(j) = 0.0
1480	ENDIF
1481	ENDDO
1482
1483	ENDIF
1484
1485	!
1486	!-- Initialize local summation arrays for UP flow_statistics. This is necessary
1487	!-- because they may not yet have been initialized when they are called from
1488	!-- flow_statistics (or - depending on the chosen model run - are never
1489	!-- initialized)
1490	sums_divnew_l = 0.0
1491	sums_divold_l = 0.0
1492	sums_l_l = 0.0
1493	sums_up_fraction_l = 0.0
1494	sums_wsts_bc_l = 0.0
1495
1496	!
1497	!-- Pre-set masks for regional statistics. Default is the total model domain.
1498	rmask = 1.0
1499
1500	!
1501	!-- User-defined initializing actions. Check afterwards, if maximum number
1502	!-- of allowed timeseries is not exceeded
1503	CALL user_init
1504
1505	IF ( dots_num > dots_max ) THEN
1506	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'number of time series quantities exceeds', &
1507	' its maximum of dots_max = ', dots_max, &
1508	' &Please increase dots_max in modules.f90.'
1509	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0194', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1510	ENDIF
1511
1512	!
1513	!-- Input binary data file is not needed anymore. This line must be placed
1514	!-- after call of user_init!
1515	CALL close_file( 13 )
1516
1517	!
1518	!-- Compute total sum of active mask grid points
1519	!-- ngp_2dh: number of grid points of a horizontal cross section through the
1520	!-- total domain
1521	!-- ngp_3d: number of grid points of the total domain
1522	ngp_2dh_outer_l = 0
1523	ngp_2dh_outer = 0
1524	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l = 0
1525	ngp_2dh_s_inner = 0
1526	ngp_2dh_l = 0
1527	ngp_2dh = 0
1528	ngp_3d_inner_l = 0.0
1529	ngp_3d_inner = 0
1530	ngp_3d = 0
1531	ngp_sums = ( nz + 2 ) * ( pr_palm + max_pr_user )
1532
1533	DO sr = 0, statistic_regions
1534	DO i = nxl, nxr
1535	DO j = nys, nyn
1536	IF ( rmask(j,i,sr) == 1.0 ) THEN
1537	!
1538	!-- All xy-grid points
1539	ngp_2dh_l(sr) = ngp_2dh_l(sr) + 1
1540	!
1541	!-- xy-grid points above topography
1542	DO k = nzb_s_outer(j,i), nz + 1
1543	ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) + 1
1544	ENDDO
1545	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i), nz + 1
1546	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) + 1
1547	ENDDO
1548	!
1549	!-- All grid points of the total domain above topography
1550	ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) = ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) + &
1551	( nz - nzb_s_inner(j,i) + 2 )
1552	ENDIF
1553	ENDDO
1554	ENDDO
1555	ENDDO
1556
1557	sr = statistic_regions + 1
1558	#if defined( __parallel )
1559	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_l(0), ngp_2dh(0), sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, &
1560	comm2d, ierr )
1561	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_outer_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_outer(0,0), (nz+2)*sr, &
1562	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1563	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_s_inner(0,0), &
1564	(nz+2)*sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1565	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_3d_inner_l(0), ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
1566	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1567	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_tmp, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1568	#else
1569	ngp_2dh = ngp_2dh_l
1570	ngp_2dh_outer = ngp_2dh_outer_l
1571	ngp_2dh_s_inner = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
1572	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_l, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1573	#endif
1574
1575	ngp_3d = INT( ngp_2dh * ( nz + 2 ), KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1576
1577	!
1578	!-- Set a lower limit of 1 in order to avoid zero divisions in flow_statistics,
1579	!-- buoyancy, etc. A zero value will occur for cases where all grid points of
1580	!-- the respective subdomain lie below the surface topography
1581	ngp_2dh_outer = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_outer(:,:) )
1582	ngp_3d_inner = MAX( 1, ngp_3d_inner(:) )
1583	ngp_2dh_s_inner = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_s_inner(:,:) )
1584
1585	DEALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_l, ngp_2dh_outer_l, ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp )
1586
1587
1588	END SUBROUTINE init_3d_model

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