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init_3d_model.f90 @ 4362

Last change on this file since 4362 was 4360, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago

Bugfix in output of time-averaged plant-canopy quanities; Output of plant-canopy data only where tall canopy is defined; land-surface model: fix wrong location strings; tests: update urban test case; all source code files: copyright update

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/palm/branches/chemistry/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90	2047-3190,3218-3297
/palm/branches/forwind/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90	1564-1913
/palm/branches/mosaik_M2/init_3d_model.f90	2360-3471
/palm/branches/palm4u/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90	2540-2692
/palm/branches/rans/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90	2078-3128
/palm/branches/resler/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90	2023-4285
/palm/branches/salsa/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90	2503-3581

File size: 81.6 KB

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1	!> @file init_3d_model.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: init_3d_model.f90 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring $
27	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
28	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
29	!
30	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
31	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
32	!
33	! 4286 2019-10-30 16:01:14Z resler
34	! implement new palm_date_time_mod
35	!
36	! 4223 2019-09-10 09:20:47Z gronemeier
37	! Deallocate temporary string array since it may be re-used to read different
38	! input data in other modules
39	!
40	! 4186 2019-08-23 16:06:14Z suehring
41	! Design change, use variables defined in netcdf_data_input_mod to read netcd
42	! variables rather than define local ones.
43	!
44	! 4185 2019-08-23 13:49:38Z oliver.maas
45	! For initializing_actions = ' cyclic_fill':
46	! Overwrite u_init, v_init, pt_init, q_init and s_init with the
47	! (temporally) and horizontally averaged vertical profiles from the end
48	! of the prerun, because these profiles shall be used as the basic state
49	! for the rayleigh damping and the pt_damping.
50	!
51	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
52	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
53	!
54	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
55	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
56	!
57	! 4151 2019-08-09 08:24:30Z suehring
58	! Add netcdf directive around input calls (fix for last commit)
59	!
60	! 4150 2019-08-08 20:00:47Z suehring
61	! Input of additional surface variables independent on land- or urban-surface
62	! model
63	!
64	! 4131 2019-08-02 11:06:18Z monakurppa
65	! Allocate sums and sums_l to allow profile output for salsa variables.
66	!
67	! 4130 2019-08-01 13:04:13Z suehring
68	! Effectively reduce 3D initialization to 1D initial profiles. This is because
69	! 3D initialization produces structures in the w-component that are correlated
70	! with the processor grid for some unknown reason
71	!
72	! 4090 2019-07-11 15:06:47Z Giersch
73	! Unused variables removed
74	!
75	! 4088 2019-07-11 13:57:56Z Giersch
76	! Pressure and density profile calculations revised using basic functions
77	!
78	! 4048 2019-06-21 21:00:21Z knoop
79	! Further modularization of particle code components
80	!
81	! 4017 2019-06-06 12:16:46Z schwenkel
82	! Convert most location messages to debug messages to reduce output in
83	! job logfile to a minimum
84	!
85	!
86	! unused variable removed
87	!
88	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
89	! Move initialization of synthetic turbulence generator behind initialization
90	! of offline nesting. Remove call for stg_adjust, as this is now already done
91	! in stg_init.
92	!
93	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
94	! Fix problem with LOD = 2 initialization
95	!
96	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
97	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
98	! of additional debug messages
99	!
100	! 3849 2019-04-01 16:35:16Z knoop
101	! Move initialization of rmask before initializing user_init_arrays
102	!
103	! 3711 2019-01-31 13:44:26Z knoop
104	! Introduced module_interface_init_checks for post-init checks in modules
105	!
106	! 3700 2019-01-26 17:03:42Z knoop
107	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
108	!
109	! 3648 2019-01-02 16:35:46Z suehring
110	! Rename subroutines for surface-data output
111	!
112	! Revision 1.1 1998/03/09 16:22:22 raasch
113	! Initial revision
114	!
115	!
116	! Description:
117	! ------------
118	!> Allocation of arrays and initialization of the 3D model via
119	!> a) pre-run the 1D model
120	!> or
121	!> b) pre-set constant linear profiles
122	!> or
123	!> c) read values of a previous run
124	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
125	SUBROUTINE init_3d_model
126
127
128	USE advec_ws
129
130	USE arrays_3d
131
132	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
133	ONLY: c_p, g, l_v, pi, exner_function, exner_function_invers, &
134	ideal_gas_law_rho, ideal_gas_law_rho_pt, barometric_formula
135
136	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
137	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model
138
139	USE chem_modules, &
140	ONLY: max_pr_cs ! ToDo: this dependency needs to be removed cause it is ugly #new_dom
141
142	USE control_parameters
143
144	USE grid_variables, &
145	ONLY: dx, dy, ddx2_mg, ddy2_mg
146
147	USE indices
148
149	USE kinds
150
151	USE lsf_nudging_mod, &
152	ONLY: ls_forcing_surf
153
154	USE model_1d_mod, &
155	ONLY: init_1d_model, l1d, u1d, v1d
156
157	USE module_interface, &
158	ONLY: module_interface_init_arrays, &
159	module_interface_init, &
160	module_interface_init_checks
161
162	USE multi_agent_system_mod, &
163	ONLY: agents_active, mas_init
164
165	USE netcdf_interface, &
166	ONLY: dots_max
167
168	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
169	ONLY: char_fill, &
170	check_existence, &
171	close_input_file, &
172	get_attribute, &
173	get_variable, &
174	init_3d, &
175	input_pids_static, &
176	inquire_num_variables, &
177	inquire_variable_names, &
178	input_file_static, &
179	netcdf_data_input_init_3d, &
180	num_var_pids, &
181	open_read_file, &
182	pids_id, &
183	real_2d, &
184	vars_pids
185
186	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
187	ONLY: nesting_offl_init
188
189	USE palm_date_time_mod, &
190	ONLY: set_reference_date_time
191
192	USE pegrid
193
194	#if defined( __parallel )
195	USE pmc_interface, &
196	ONLY: nested_run
197	#endif
198
199	USE random_function_mod
200
201	USE random_generator_parallel, &
202	ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator
203
204	USE read_restart_data_mod, &
205	ONLY: rrd_read_parts_of_global, rrd_local
206
207	USE statistics, &
208	ONLY: hom, hom_sum, mean_surface_level_height, pr_palm, rmask, &
209	statistic_regions, sums, sums_divnew_l, sums_divold_l, sums_l, &
210	sums_l_l, sums_wsts_bc_l, ts_value, &
211	weight_pres, weight_substep
212
213	USE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod, &
214	ONLY: stg_init, use_syn_turb_gen
215
216	USE surface_layer_fluxes_mod, &
217	ONLY: init_surface_layer_fluxes
218
219	USE surface_mod, &
220	ONLY : init_single_surface_properties, &
221	init_surface_arrays, &
222	init_surfaces, &
223	surf_def_h, &
224	surf_def_v, &
225	surf_lsm_h, &
226	surf_usm_h
227
228	#if defined( _OPENACC )
229	USE surface_mod, &
230	ONLY : bc_h
231	#endif
232
233	USE surface_data_output_mod, &
234	ONLY: surface_data_output_init
235
236	USE transpose_indices
237
238	IMPLICIT NONE
239
240	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x direction
241	INTEGER(iwp) :: ind_array(1) !< dummy used to determine start index for external pressure forcing
242	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index in y direction
243	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index in z direction
244	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< surface level index
245	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index over surface orientation
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< index of surface element in surface data type
247	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_u_shift !< topography-top index on u-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
248	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_v_shift !< topography-top index on v-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
249	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_w_shift !< topography-top index on w-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
250	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_s_shift !< topography-top index on scalar-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
251	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_u_shift_l !< topography-top index on u-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
252	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_v_shift_l !< topography-top index on v-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
253	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_w_shift_l !< topography-top index on w-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
254	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz_s_shift_l !< topography-top index on scalar-grid, used to vertically shift initial profiles
255	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_l !< index of top PE boundary for multigrid level
256	INTEGER(iwp) :: sr !< index of statistic region
257
258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_l !< toal number of horizontal grid points in statistical region on subdomain
259
260	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_outer_l !< number of horizontal non-wall bounded grid points on subdomain
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_s_inner_l !< number of horizontal non-topography grid points on subdomain
262
263
264
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: init_l !< dummy array used for averaging 3D data to obtain inital profiles
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: p_hydrostatic !< hydrostatic pressure
267
268	REAL(wp) :: dx_l !< grid spacing along x on different multigrid level
269	REAL(wp) :: dy_l !< grid spacing along y on different multigrid level
270
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: volume_flow_area_l !< area of lateral and top model domain surface on local subdomain
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: volume_flow_initial_l !< initial volume flow into model domain
273
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: mean_surface_level_height_l !< mean surface level height on subdomain
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_l !< total number of non-topography grid points on subdomain
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_tmp !< total number of non-topography grid points
277
278	TYPE(real_2d) :: tmp_2d !< temporary variable to input additional surface-data from static file
279
280	CALL location_message( 'model initialization', 'start' )
281	!
282	!-- Set reference date-time
283	CALL set_reference_date_time( date_time_str=origin_date_time )
284
285	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'allocating arrays', 'start' )
286	!
287	!-- Allocate arrays
288	ALLOCATE( mean_surface_level_height(0:statistic_regions), &
289	mean_surface_level_height_l(0:statistic_regions), &
290	ngp_2dh(0:statistic_regions), ngp_2dh_l(0:statistic_regions), &
291	ngp_3d(0:statistic_regions), &
292	ngp_3d_inner(0:statistic_regions), &
293	ngp_3d_inner_l(0:statistic_regions), &
294	ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0:statistic_regions), &
295	sums_divnew_l(0:statistic_regions), &
296	sums_divold_l(0:statistic_regions) )
297	ALLOCATE( dp_smooth_factor(nzb:nzt), rdf(nzb+1:nzt), rdf_sc(nzb+1:nzt) )
298	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_outer(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
299	ngp_2dh_outer_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
300	ngp_2dh_s_inner(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
301	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
302	rmask(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,0:statistic_regions), &
303	sums(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user+max_pr_cs+max_pr_salsa), &
304	sums_l(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user+max_pr_cs+max_pr_salsa,0:threads_per_task-1), &
305	sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0:threads_per_task-1), &
306	sums_wsts_bc_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions) )
307	ALLOCATE( ts_value(dots_max,0:statistic_regions) )
308	ALLOCATE( ptdf_x(nxlg:nxrg), ptdf_y(nysg:nyng) )
309
310	ALLOCATE( d(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr), &
311	p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
312	tend(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
313
314	ALLOCATE( pt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
315	pt_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
316	u_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
317	u_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
318	u_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
319	v_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
320	v_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
321	v_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
322	w_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
323	w_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
324	w_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
325	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
326	ALLOCATE( pt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
327	ENDIF
328	!
329	!-- Pre-set masks for regional statistics. Default is the total model domain.
330	!-- Ghost points are excluded because counting values at the ghost boundaries
331	!-- would bias the statistics
332	rmask = 1.0_wp
333	rmask(:,nxlg:nxl-1,:) = 0.0_wp; rmask(:,nxr+1:nxrg,:) = 0.0_wp
334	rmask(nysg:nys-1,:,:) = 0.0_wp; rmask(nyn+1:nyng,:,:) = 0.0_wp
335	!
336	!-- Following array is required for perturbation pressure within the iterative
337	!-- pressure solvers. For the multistep schemes (Runge-Kutta), array p holds
338	!-- the weighted average of the substeps and cannot be used in the Poisson
339	!-- solver.
340	IF ( psolver == 'sor' ) THEN
341	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
342	ELSEIF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' ) THEN
343	!
344	!-- For performance reasons, multigrid is using one ghost layer only
345	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
346	ENDIF
347
348	!
349	!-- Array for storing constant coeffficients of the tridiagonal solver
350	IF ( psolver == 'poisfft' ) THEN
351	ALLOCATE( tri(nxl_z:nxr_z,nys_z:nyn_z,0:nz-1,2) )
352	ALLOCATE( tric(nxl_z:nxr_z,nys_z:nyn_z,0:nz-1) )
353	ENDIF
354
355	IF ( humidity ) THEN
356	!
357	!-- 3D-humidity
358	ALLOCATE( q_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
359	q_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
360	q_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
361	vpt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
362	ENDIF
363
364	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
365
366	!
367	!-- 3D scalar arrays
368	ALLOCATE( s_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
369	s_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
370	s_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
371
372	ENDIF
373
374	!
375	!-- Allocate and set 1d-profiles for Stokes drift velocity. It may be set to
376	!-- non-zero values later in ocean_init
377	ALLOCATE( u_stokes_zu(nzb:nzt+1), u_stokes_zw(nzb:nzt+1), &
378	v_stokes_zu(nzb:nzt+1), v_stokes_zw(nzb:nzt+1) )
379	u_stokes_zu(:) = 0.0_wp
380	u_stokes_zw(:) = 0.0_wp
381	v_stokes_zu(:) = 0.0_wp
382	v_stokes_zw(:) = 0.0_wp
383
384	!
385	!-- Allocation of anelastic and Boussinesq approximation specific arrays
386	ALLOCATE( p_hydrostatic(nzb:nzt+1) )
387	ALLOCATE( rho_air(nzb:nzt+1) )
388	ALLOCATE( rho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1) )
389	ALLOCATE( drho_air(nzb:nzt+1) )
390	ALLOCATE( drho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1) )
391	!
392	!-- Density profile calculation for anelastic and Boussinesq approximation
393	!-- In case of a Boussinesq approximation, a constant density is calculated
394	!-- mainly for output purposes. This density do not need to be considered
395	!-- in the model's system of equations.
396	IF ( TRIM( approximation ) == 'anelastic' ) THEN
397	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
398	p_hydrostatic(k) = barometric_formula(zu(k), pt_surface * &
399	exner_function(surface_pressure * 100.0_wp), &
400	surface_pressure * 100.0_wp)
401
402	rho_air(k) = ideal_gas_law_rho_pt(p_hydrostatic(k), pt_init(k))
403	ENDDO
404
405	DO k = nzb, nzt
406	rho_air_zw(k) = 0.5_wp * ( rho_air(k) + rho_air(k+1) )
407	ENDDO
408
409	rho_air_zw(nzt+1) = rho_air_zw(nzt) &
410	+ 2.0_wp * ( rho_air(nzt+1) - rho_air_zw(nzt) )
411
412	ELSE
413	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
414	p_hydrostatic(k) = barometric_formula(zu(nzb), pt_surface * &
415	exner_function(surface_pressure * 100.0_wp), &
416	surface_pressure * 100.0_wp)
417
418	rho_air(k) = ideal_gas_law_rho_pt(p_hydrostatic(k), pt_init(nzb))
419	ENDDO
420
421	DO k = nzb, nzt
422	rho_air_zw(k) = 0.5_wp * ( rho_air(k) + rho_air(k+1) )
423	ENDDO
424
425	rho_air_zw(nzt+1) = rho_air_zw(nzt) &
426	+ 2.0_wp * ( rho_air(nzt+1) - rho_air_zw(nzt) )
427
428	ENDIF
429	!
430	!-- compute the inverse density array in order to avoid expencive divisions
431	drho_air = 1.0_wp / rho_air
432	drho_air_zw = 1.0_wp / rho_air_zw
433
434	!
435	!-- Allocation of flux conversion arrays
436	ALLOCATE( heatflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
437	ALLOCATE( waterflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
438	ALLOCATE( momentumflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
439	ALLOCATE( heatflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
440	ALLOCATE( waterflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
441	ALLOCATE( momentumflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
442
443	!
444	!-- calculate flux conversion factors according to approximation and in-/output mode
445	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
446
447	IF ( TRIM( flux_input_mode ) == 'kinematic' ) THEN
448	heatflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
449	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
450	momentumflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
451	ELSEIF ( TRIM( flux_input_mode ) == 'dynamic' ) THEN
452	heatflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp / c_p
453	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp / l_v
454	momentumflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
455	ENDIF
456
457	IF ( TRIM( flux_output_mode ) == 'kinematic' ) THEN
458	heatflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
459	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
460	momentumflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
461	ELSEIF ( TRIM( flux_output_mode ) == 'dynamic' ) THEN
462	heatflux_output_conversion(k) = c_p
463	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = l_v
464	momentumflux_output_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
465	ENDIF
466
467	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
468	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
469	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
470	ENDIF
471
472	ENDDO
473
474	!
475	!-- In case of multigrid method, compute grid lengths and grid factors for the
476	!-- grid levels with respective density on each grid
477	IF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' ) THEN
478
479	ALLOCATE( ddx2_mg(maximum_grid_level) )
480	ALLOCATE( ddy2_mg(maximum_grid_level) )
481	ALLOCATE( dzu_mg(nzb+1:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
482	ALLOCATE( dzw_mg(nzb+1:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
483	ALLOCATE( f1_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
484	ALLOCATE( f2_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
485	ALLOCATE( f3_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
486	ALLOCATE( rho_air_mg(nzb:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
487	ALLOCATE( rho_air_zw_mg(nzb:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
488
489	dzu_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = dzu
490	rho_air_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air
491	!
492	!-- Next line to ensure an equally spaced grid.
493	dzu_mg(1,maximum_grid_level) = dzu(2)
494	rho_air_mg(nzb,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air(nzb) + &
495	(rho_air(nzb) - rho_air(nzb+1))
496
497	dzw_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = dzw
498	rho_air_zw_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air_zw
499	nzt_l = nzt
500	DO l = maximum_grid_level-1, 1, -1
501	dzu_mg(nzb+1,l) = 2.0_wp * dzu_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
502	dzw_mg(nzb+1,l) = 2.0_wp * dzw_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
503	rho_air_mg(nzb,l) = rho_air_mg(nzb,l+1) + (rho_air_mg(nzb,l+1) - rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l+1))
504	rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l+1) + (rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l+1) - rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l+1))
505	rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l) = rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
506	rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
507	nzt_l = nzt_l / 2
508	DO k = 2, nzt_l+1
509	dzu_mg(k,l) = dzu_mg(2k-2,l+1) + dzu_mg(2k-1,l+1)
510	dzw_mg(k,l) = dzw_mg(2k-2,l+1) + dzw_mg(2k-1,l+1)
511	rho_air_mg(k,l) = rho_air_mg(2*k-1,l+1)
512	rho_air_zw_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(2*k-1,l+1)
513	ENDDO
514	ENDDO
515
516	nzt_l = nzt
517	dx_l = dx
518	dy_l = dy
519	DO l = maximum_grid_level, 1, -1
520	ddx2_mg(l) = 1.0_wp / dx_l**2
521	ddy2_mg(l) = 1.0_wp / dy_l**2
522	DO k = nzb+1, nzt_l
523	f2_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(k,l) / ( dzu_mg(k+1,l) * dzw_mg(k,l) )
524	f3_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(k-1,l) / ( dzu_mg(k,l) * dzw_mg(k,l) )
525	f1_mg(k,l) = 2.0_wp * ( ddx2_mg(l) + ddy2_mg(l) ) &
526	* rho_air_mg(k,l) + f2_mg(k,l) + f3_mg(k,l)
527	ENDDO
528	nzt_l = nzt_l / 2
529	dx_l = dx_l * 2.0_wp
530	dy_l = dy_l * 2.0_wp
531	ENDDO
532
533	ENDIF
534
535	!
536	!-- 1D-array for large scale subsidence velocity
537	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( w_subs ) ) THEN
538	ALLOCATE ( w_subs(nzb:nzt+1) )
539	w_subs = 0.0_wp
540	ENDIF
541
542	!
543	!-- Arrays to store velocity data from t-dt and the phase speeds which
544	!-- are needed for radiation boundary conditions
545	IF ( bc_radiation_l ) THEN
546	ALLOCATE( u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,1:2), &
547	v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1), &
548	w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1) )
549	ENDIF
550	IF ( bc_radiation_r ) THEN
551	ALLOCATE( u_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
552	v_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
553	w_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx) )
554	ENDIF
555	IF ( bc_radiation_l .OR. bc_radiation_r ) THEN
556	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
557	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
558	ENDIF
559	IF ( bc_radiation_s ) THEN
560	ALLOCATE( u_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg), &
561	v_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,1:2,nxlg:nxrg), &
562	w_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg) )
563	ENDIF
564	IF ( bc_radiation_n ) THEN
565	ALLOCATE( u_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
566	v_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
567	w_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg) )
568	ENDIF
569	IF ( bc_radiation_s .OR. bc_radiation_n ) THEN
570	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
571	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
572	ENDIF
573	IF ( bc_radiation_l .OR. bc_radiation_r .OR. bc_radiation_s .OR. &
574	bc_radiation_n ) THEN
575	ALLOCATE( c_u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1), c_v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1), c_w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1) )
576	ALLOCATE( c_u_m(nzb:nzt+1), c_v_m(nzb:nzt+1), c_w_m(nzb:nzt+1) )
577	ENDIF
578
579	!
580	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
581	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
582	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_2; tpt_m => pt_3
583	ELSE
584	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_1; tpt_m => pt_3
585	ENDIF
586	u => u_1; u_p => u_2; tu_m => u_3
587	v => v_1; v_p => v_2; tv_m => v_3
588	w => w_1; w_p => w_2; tw_m => w_3
589
590	IF ( humidity ) THEN
591	q => q_1; q_p => q_2; tq_m => q_3
592	vpt => vpt_1
593	ENDIF
594
595	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
596	s => s_1; s_p => s_2; ts_m => s_3
597	ENDIF
598
599	!
600	!-- Initialize surface arrays
601	CALL init_surface_arrays
602	!
603	!-- Allocate arrays for other modules
604	CALL module_interface_init_arrays
605
606
607	!
608	!-- Allocate arrays containing the RK coefficient for calculation of
609	!-- perturbation pressure and turbulent fluxes. At this point values are
610	!-- set for pressure calculation during initialization (where no timestep
611	!-- is done). Further below the values needed within the timestep scheme
612	!-- will be set.
613	ALLOCATE( weight_substep(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max), &
614	weight_pres(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max) )
615	weight_substep = 1.0_wp
616	weight_pres = 1.0_wp
617	intermediate_timestep_count = 0 ! needed when simulated_time = 0.0
618
619	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'allocating arrays', 'end' )
620
621	!
622	!-- Initialize time series
623	ts_value = 0.0_wp
624
625	!
626	!-- Initialize local summation arrays for routine flow_statistics.
627	!-- This is necessary because they may not yet have been initialized when they
628	!-- are called from flow_statistics (or - depending on the chosen model run -
629	!-- are never initialized)
630	sums_divnew_l = 0.0_wp
631	sums_divold_l = 0.0_wp
632	sums_l_l = 0.0_wp
633	sums_wsts_bc_l = 0.0_wp
634
635	!
636	!-- Initialize model variables
637	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
638	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
639	!
640	!-- Initialization with provided input data derived from larger-scale model
641	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'inifor' ) /= 0 ) THEN
642	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing with INIFOR', 'start' )
643	!
644	!-- Read initial 1D profiles or 3D data from NetCDF file, depending
645	!-- on the provided level-of-detail.
646	!-- At the moment, only u, v, w, pt and q are provided.
647	CALL netcdf_data_input_init_3d
648	!
649	!-- Please note, Inifor provides data from nzb+1 to nzt.
650	!-- Bottom and top boundary conditions for Inifor profiles are already
651	!-- set (just after reading), so that this is not necessary here.
652	!-- Depending on the provided level-of-detail, initial Inifor data is
653	!-- either stored on data type (lod=1), or directly on 3D arrays (lod=2).
654	!-- In order to obtain also initial profiles in case of lod=2 (which
655	!-- is required for e.g. damping), average over 3D data.
656	IF( init_3d%lod_u == 1 ) THEN
657	u_init = init_3d%u_init
658	ELSEIF( init_3d%lod_u == 2 ) THEN
659	ALLOCATE( init_l(nzb:nzt+1) )
660	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
661	init_l(k) = SUM( u(k,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
662	ENDDO
663	init_l = init_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
664
665	#if defined( __parallel )
666	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( init_l, u_init, nzt+1-nzb+1, &
667	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
668	#else
669	u_init = init_l
670	#endif
671	DEALLOCATE( init_l )
672
673	ENDIF
674
675	IF( init_3d%lod_v == 1 ) THEN
676	v_init = init_3d%v_init
677	ELSEIF( init_3d%lod_v == 2 ) THEN
678	ALLOCATE( init_l(nzb:nzt+1) )
679	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
680	init_l(k) = SUM( v(k,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
681	ENDDO
682	init_l = init_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
683
684	#if defined( __parallel )
685	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( init_l, v_init, nzt+1-nzb+1, &
686	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
687	#else
688	v_init = init_l
689	#endif
690	DEALLOCATE( init_l )
691	ENDIF
692	IF( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
693	IF( init_3d%lod_pt == 1 ) THEN
694	pt_init = init_3d%pt_init
695	ELSEIF( init_3d%lod_pt == 2 ) THEN
696	ALLOCATE( init_l(nzb:nzt+1) )
697	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
698	init_l(k) = SUM( pt(k,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
699	ENDDO
700	init_l = init_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
701
702	#if defined( __parallel )
703	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( init_l, pt_init, nzt+1-nzb+1, &
704	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
705	#else
706	pt_init = init_l
707	#endif
708	DEALLOCATE( init_l )
709	ENDIF
710	ENDIF
711
712
713	IF( humidity ) THEN
714	IF( init_3d%lod_q == 1 ) THEN
715	q_init = init_3d%q_init
716	ELSEIF( init_3d%lod_q == 2 ) THEN
717	ALLOCATE( init_l(nzb:nzt+1) )
718	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
719	init_l(k) = SUM( q(k,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
720	ENDDO
721	init_l = init_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
722
723	#if defined( __parallel )
724	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( init_l, q_init, nzt+1-nzb+1, &
725	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
726	#else
727	q_init = init_l
728	#endif
729	DEALLOCATE( init_l )
730	ENDIF
731	ENDIF
732
733	!
734	!-- Write initial profiles onto 3D arrays.
735	!-- Work-around, 3D initialization of u,v,w creates artificial
736	!-- structures wich correlate with the processor grid. The reason
737	!-- for this is still unknown. To work-around this, 3D initialization
738	!-- will be effectively reduce to a 1D initialization where no such
739	!-- artificial structures appear.
740	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
741	DO j = nysg, nyng
742	IF( init_3d%lod_u == 1 .OR. init_3d%lod_u == 2 ) &
743	u(:,j,i) = u_init(:)
744	IF( init_3d%lod_v == 1 .OR. init_3d%lod_u == 2 ) &
745	v(:,j,i) = v_init(:)
746	IF( .NOT. neutral .AND. &
747	( init_3d%lod_pt == 1 .OR. init_3d%lod_pt == 2 ) ) &
748	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init(:)
749	IF( humidity .AND. &
750	( init_3d%lod_q == 1 .OR. init_3d%lod_q == 2 ) ) &
751	q(:,j,i) = q_init(:)
752	ENDDO
753	ENDDO
754	!
755	!-- Set geostrophic wind components.
756	IF ( init_3d%from_file_ug ) THEN
757	ug(:) = init_3d%ug_init(:)
758	ENDIF
759	IF ( init_3d%from_file_vg ) THEN
760	vg(:) = init_3d%vg_init(:)
761	ENDIF
762	!
763	!-- Set bottom and top boundary condition for geostrophic wind
764	ug(nzt+1) = ug(nzt)
765	vg(nzt+1) = vg(nzt)
766	ug(nzb) = ug(nzb+1)
767	vg(nzb) = vg(nzb+1)
768	!
769	!-- Set inital w to 0
770	w = 0.0_wp
771
772	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
773	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
774	DO j = nysg, nyng
775	s(:,j,i) = s_init
776	ENDDO
777	ENDDO
778	ENDIF
779
780	!
781	!-- Set velocity components at non-atmospheric / oceanic grid points to
782	!-- zero.
783	u = MERGE( u, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0, 1 ) )
784	v = MERGE( v, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0, 2 ) )
785	w = MERGE( w, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0, 3 ) )
786	!
787	!-- Initialize surface variables, e.g. friction velocity, momentum
788	!-- fluxes, etc.
789	CALL init_surfaces
790
791	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing with INIFOR', 'end' )
792	!
793	!-- Initialization via computed 1D-model profiles
794	ELSEIF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_1d-model_profiles' ) /= 0 ) THEN
795
796	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing with 1D model profiles', 'start' )
797	!
798	!-- Use solutions of the 1D model as initial profiles,
799	!-- start 1D model
800	CALL init_1d_model
801	!
802	!-- Transfer initial profiles to the arrays of the 3D model
803	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
804	DO j = nysg, nyng
805	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
806	u(:,j,i) = u1d
807	v(:,j,i) = v1d
808	ENDDO
809	ENDDO
810
811	IF ( humidity ) THEN
812	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
813	DO j = nysg, nyng
814	q(:,j,i) = q_init
815	ENDDO
816	ENDDO
817	ENDIF
818
819	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
820	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
821	DO j = nysg, nyng
822	s(:,j,i) = s_init
823	ENDDO
824	ENDDO
825	ENDIF
826	!
827	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
828	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
829	hom(:,1,25,:) = SPREAD( l1d, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
830	ENDIF
831	!
832	!-- Set velocities back to zero
833	u = MERGE( u, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0, 1 ) )
834	v = MERGE( v, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0, 2 ) )
835	!
836	!-- WARNING: The extra boundary conditions set after running the
837	!-- ------- 1D model impose an error on the divergence one layer
838	!-- below the topography; need to correct later
839	!-- ATTENTION: Provisional correction for Piacsek & Williams
840	!-- --------- advection scheme: keep u and v zero one layer below
841	!-- the topography.
842	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 1 ) THEN
843	!
844	!-- Neumann condition
845	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
846	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
847	u(nzb,j,i) = u(nzb+1,j,i)
848	v(nzb,j,i) = v(nzb+1,j,i)
849	ENDDO
850	ENDDO
851
852	ENDIF
853	!
854	!-- Initialize surface variables, e.g. friction velocity, momentum
855	!-- fluxes, etc.
856	CALL init_surfaces
857
858	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing with 1D model profiles', 'end' )
859
860	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles') /= 0 ) &
861	THEN
862
863	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing with constant profiles', 'start' )
864
865	!
866	!-- Use constructed initial profiles (velocity constant with height,
867	!-- temperature profile with constant gradient)
868	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
869	DO j = nysg, nyng
870	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
871	u(:,j,i) = u_init
872	v(:,j,i) = v_init
873	ENDDO
874	ENDDO
875	!
876	!-- Mask topography
877	u = MERGE( u, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0, 1 ) )
878	v = MERGE( v, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0, 2 ) )
879	!
880	!-- Set initial horizontal velocities at the lowest computational grid
881	!-- levels to zero in order to avoid too small time steps caused by the
882	!-- diffusion limit in the initial phase of a run (at k=1, dz/2 occurs
883	!-- in the limiting formula!).
884	!-- Please note, in case land- or urban-surface model is used and a
885	!-- spinup is applied, masking the lowest computational level is not
886	!-- possible as MOST as well as energy-balance parametrizations will not
887	!-- work with zero wind velocity.
888	IF ( ibc_uv_b /= 1 .AND. .NOT. spinup ) THEN
889	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
890	DO j = nysg, nyng
891	DO k = nzb, nzt
892	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
893	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 20 ) )
894	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
895	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 21 ) )
896	ENDDO
897	ENDDO
898	ENDDO
899	ENDIF
900
901	IF ( humidity ) THEN
902	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
903	DO j = nysg, nyng
904	q(:,j,i) = q_init
905	ENDDO
906	ENDDO
907	ENDIF
908
909	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
910	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
911	DO j = nysg, nyng
912	s(:,j,i) = s_init
913	ENDDO
914	ENDDO
915	ENDIF
916
917	!
918	!-- Compute initial temperature field and other constants used in case
919	!-- of a sloping surface
920	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
921	!
922	!-- Initialize surface variables, e.g. friction velocity, momentum
923	!-- fluxes, etc.
924	CALL init_surfaces
925
926	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing with constant profiles', 'end' )
927
928	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'by_user') /= 0 ) &
929	THEN
930
931	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing by user', 'start' )
932	!
933	!-- Pre-initialize surface variables, i.e. setting start- and end-indices
934	!-- at each (j,i)-location. Please note, this does not supersede
935	!-- user-defined initialization of surface quantities.
936	CALL init_surfaces
937	!
938	!-- Initialization will completely be done by the user
939	CALL user_init_3d_model
940
941	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing by user', 'end' )
942
943	ENDIF
944
945	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing statistics, boundary conditions, etc.', 'start' )
946
947	!
948	!-- Bottom boundary
949	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2 ) THEN
950	u(nzb,:,:) = 0.0_wp
951	v(nzb,:,:) = 0.0_wp
952	ENDIF
953
954	!
955	!-- Apply channel flow boundary condition
956	IF ( TRIM( bc_uv_t ) == 'dirichlet_0' ) THEN
957	u(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	v(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959	ENDIF
960
961	!
962	!-- Calculate virtual potential temperature
963	IF ( humidity ) vpt = pt * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q )
964
965	!
966	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.. Please note, in case of
967	!-- initialization of u, v, w, pt, and q via output data derived from larger
968	!-- scale models, data will not be horizontally homogeneous. Actually, a mean
969	!-- profile should be calculated before.
970	hom(:,1,5,:) = SPREAD( u(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
971	hom(:,1,6,:) = SPREAD( v(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
972	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2) THEN
973	hom(nzb,1,5,:) = 0.0_wp
974	hom(nzb,1,6,:) = 0.0_wp
975	ENDIF
976	hom(:,1,7,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
977
978	IF ( humidity ) THEN
979	!
980	!-- Store initial profile of total water content, virtual potential
981	!-- temperature
982	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
983	hom(:,1,29,:) = SPREAD( vpt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
984	!
985	!-- Store initial profile of mixing ratio and potential
986	!-- temperature
987	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
988	hom(:,1,27,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
989	hom(:,1,28,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
990	ENDIF
991	ENDIF
992
993	!
994	!-- Store initial scalar profile
995	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
996	hom(:,1,121,:) = SPREAD( s(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
997	ENDIF
998
999	!
1000	!-- Initialize the random number generators (from numerical recipes)
1001	CALL random_function_ini
1002
1003	IF ( random_generator == 'random-parallel' ) THEN
1004	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( nx, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr )
1005	ENDIF
1006	!
1007	!-- Set the reference state to be used in the buoyancy terms (for ocean runs
1008	!-- the reference state will be set (overwritten) in init_ocean)
1009	IF ( use_single_reference_value ) THEN
1010	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1011	ref_state(:) = pt_reference
1012	ELSE
1013	ref_state(:) = vpt_reference
1014	ENDIF
1015	ELSE
1016	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1017	ref_state(:) = pt_init(:)
1018	ELSE
1019	ref_state(:) = vpt(:,nys,nxl)
1020	ENDIF
1021	ENDIF
1022
1023	!
1024	!-- For the moment, vertical velocity is zero
1025	w = 0.0_wp
1026
1027	!
1028	!-- Initialize array sums (must be defined in first call of pres)
1029	sums = 0.0_wp
1030
1031	!
1032	!-- In case of iterative solvers, p must get an initial value
1033	IF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' .OR. psolver == 'sor' ) p = 0.0_wp
1034	!
1035	!-- Impose vortex with vertical axis on the initial velocity profile
1036	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_vortex' ) /= 0 ) THEN
1037	CALL init_rankine
1038	ENDIF
1039
1040	!
1041	!-- Impose temperature anomaly (advection test only) or warm air bubble
1042	!-- close to surface
1043	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_ptanom' ) /= 0 .OR. &
1044	INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_bubble' ) /= 0 ) THEN
1045	CALL init_pt_anomaly
1046	ENDIF
1047
1048	!
1049	!-- If required, change the surface temperature at the start of the 3D run
1050	IF ( pt_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1051	pt(nzb,:,:) = pt(nzb,:,:) + pt_surface_initial_change
1052	ENDIF
1053
1054	!
1055	!-- If required, change the surface humidity/scalar at the start of the 3D
1056	!-- run
1057	IF ( humidity .AND. q_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) &
1058	q(nzb,:,:) = q(nzb,:,:) + q_surface_initial_change
1059
1060	IF ( passive_scalar .AND. s_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) &
1061	s(nzb,:,:) = s(nzb,:,:) + s_surface_initial_change
1062
1063
1064	!
1065	!-- Initialize old and new time levels.
1066	tpt_m = 0.0_wp; tu_m = 0.0_wp; tv_m = 0.0_wp; tw_m = 0.0_wp
1067	pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1068
1069	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1070	tq_m = 0.0_wp
1071	q_p = q
1072	ENDIF
1073
1074	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1075	ts_m = 0.0_wp
1076	s_p = s
1077	ENDIF
1078
1079	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing statistics, boundary conditions, etc.', 'end' )
1080
1081	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' .OR. &
1082	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) &
1083	THEN
1084
1085	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing in case of restart / cyclic_fill', 'start' )
1086	!
1087	!-- Initialize surface elements and its attributes, e.g. heat- and
1088	!-- momentumfluxes, roughness, scaling parameters. As number of surface
1089	!-- elements might be different between runs, e.g. in case of cyclic fill,
1090	!-- and not all surface elements are read, surface elements need to be
1091	!-- initialized before.
1092	!-- Please note, in case of cyclic fill, surfaces should be initialized
1093	!-- after restart data is read, else, individual settings of surface
1094	!-- parameters will be overwritten from data of precursor run, hence,
1095	!-- init_surfaces is called a second time after reading the restart data.
1096	CALL init_surfaces
1097	!
1098	!-- When reading data for cyclic fill of 3D prerun data files, read
1099	!-- some of the global variables from the restart file which are required
1100	!-- for initializing the inflow
1101	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1102
1103	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1104	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1105	CALL rrd_read_parts_of_global
1106	ENDIF
1107	#if defined( __parallel )
1108	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1109	#endif
1110	ENDDO
1111
1112	ENDIF
1113
1114	!
1115	!-- Read processor specific binary data from restart file
1116	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1117	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1118	CALL rrd_local
1119	ENDIF
1120	#if defined( __parallel )
1121	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1122	#endif
1123	ENDDO
1124	!
1125	!-- In case of cyclic fill, call init_surfaces a second time, so that
1126	!-- surface properties such as heat fluxes are initialized as prescribed.
1127	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) &
1128	CALL init_surfaces
1129
1130	!
1131	!-- In case of complex terrain and cyclic fill method as initialization,
1132	!-- shift initial data in the vertical direction for each point in the
1133	!-- x-y-plane depending on local surface height
1134	IF ( complex_terrain .AND. &
1135	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1136	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1137	DO j = nysg, nyng
1138	nz_u_shift = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
1139	nz_v_shift = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
1140	nz_w_shift = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
1141	nz_s_shift = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1142
1143	u(nz_u_shift:nzt+1,j,i) = u(0:nzt+1-nz_u_shift,j,i)
1144
1145	v(nz_v_shift:nzt+1,j,i) = v(0:nzt+1-nz_v_shift,j,i)
1146
1147	w(nz_w_shift:nzt+1,j,i) = w(0:nzt+1-nz_w_shift,j,i)
1148
1149	p(nz_s_shift:nzt+1,j,i) = p(0:nzt+1-nz_s_shift,j,i)
1150	pt(nz_s_shift:nzt+1,j,i) = pt(0:nzt+1-nz_s_shift,j,i)
1151	ENDDO
1152	ENDDO
1153	ENDIF
1154	!
1155	!-- Initialization of the turbulence recycling method
1156	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1157	turbulent_inflow ) THEN
1158	!
1159	!-- First store the profiles to be used at the inflow.
1160	!-- These profiles are the (temporally) and horizontally averaged vertical
1161	!-- profiles from the prerun. Alternatively, prescribed profiles
1162	!-- for u,v-components can be used.
1163	!-- Overwrite u_init, v_init, pt_init, q_init and s_init with the
1164	!-- (temporally) and horizontally averaged vertical profiles from the end
1165	!-- of the prerun, because these profiles shall be used as the basic state
1166	!-- for the rayleigh damping and the pt_damping.
1167	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
1168
1169	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1170	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init ! u
1171	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init ! v
1172	ELSE
1173	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = hom_sum(:,1,0) ! u
1174	u_init(:) = hom_sum(:,1,0)
1175	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = hom_sum(:,2,0) ! v
1176	v_init(:) = hom_sum(:,2,0)
1177	ENDIF
1178	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = hom_sum(:,4,0) ! pt
1179	pt_init(:) = hom_sum(:,4,0)
1180	IF ( humidity ) &
1181	mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = hom_sum(:,41,0) ! q
1182	q_init(:) = hom_sum(:,41,0)
1183	IF ( passive_scalar ) &
1184	mean_inflow_profiles(:,7) = hom_sum(:,115,0) ! s
1185	s_init(:) = hom_sum(:,115,0)
1186	!
1187	!-- In case of complex terrain, determine vertical displacement at inflow
1188	!-- boundary and adjust mean inflow profiles
1189	IF ( complex_terrain ) THEN
1190	IF ( nxlg <= 0 .AND. nxrg >= 0 .AND. nysg <= 0 .AND. nyng >= 0 ) THEN
1191	nz_u_shift_l = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
1192	nz_v_shift_l = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
1193	nz_w_shift_l = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
1194	nz_s_shift_l = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1195	ELSE
1196	nz_u_shift_l = 0
1197	nz_v_shift_l = 0
1198	nz_w_shift_l = 0
1199	nz_s_shift_l = 0
1200	ENDIF
1201
1202	#if defined( __parallel )
1203	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(nz_u_shift_l, nz_u_shift, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1204	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1205	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(nz_v_shift_l, nz_v_shift, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1206	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1207	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(nz_w_shift_l, nz_w_shift, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1208	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1209	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(nz_s_shift_l, nz_s_shift, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1210	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1211	#else
1212	nz_u_shift = nz_u_shift_l
1213	nz_v_shift = nz_v_shift_l
1214	nz_w_shift = nz_w_shift_l
1215	nz_s_shift = nz_s_shift_l
1216	#endif
1217
1218	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = 0.0_wp
1219	mean_inflow_profiles(nz_u_shift:nzt+1,1) = hom_sum(0:nzt+1-nz_u_shift,1,0) ! u
1220
1221	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = 0.0_wp
1222	mean_inflow_profiles(nz_v_shift:nzt+1,2) = hom_sum(0:nzt+1-nz_v_shift,2,0) ! v
1223
1224	mean_inflow_profiles(nz_s_shift:nzt+1,4) = hom_sum(0:nzt+1-nz_s_shift,4,0) ! pt
1225
1226	ENDIF
1227
1228	!
1229	!-- If necessary, adjust the horizontal flow field to the prescribed
1230	!-- profiles
1231	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1232	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1233	DO j = nysg, nyng
1234	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1235	u(k,j,i) = u(k,j,i) - hom_sum(k,1,0) + u_init(k)
1236	v(k,j,i) = v(k,j,i) - hom_sum(k,2,0) + v_init(k)
1237	ENDDO
1238	ENDDO
1239	ENDDO
1240	ENDIF
1241
1242	!
1243	!-- Use these mean profiles at the inflow (provided that Dirichlet
1244	!-- conditions are used)
1245	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l ) THEN
1246	DO j = nysg, nyng
1247	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1248	u(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,1)
1249	v(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,2)
1250	w(k,j,nxlg:-1) = 0.0_wp
1251	pt(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,4)
1252	IF ( humidity ) &
1253	q(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,6)
1254	IF ( passive_scalar ) &
1255	s(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,7)
1256	ENDDO
1257	ENDDO
1258	ENDIF
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Calculate the damping factors to be used at the inflow. For a
1262	!-- turbulent inflow the turbulent fluctuations have to be limited
1263	!-- vertically because otherwise the turbulent inflow layer will grow
1264	!-- in time.
1265	IF ( inflow_damping_height == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1266	!
1267	!-- Default: use the inversion height calculated by the prerun; if
1268	!-- this is zero, inflow_damping_height must be explicitly
1269	!-- specified.
1270	IF ( hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1271	inflow_damping_height = hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0)
1272	ELSE
1273	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'inflow_damping_height must be ', &
1274	'explicitly specified because&the inversion height ', &
1275	'calculated by the prerun is zero.'
1276	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0318', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1277	ENDIF
1278
1279	ENDIF
1280
1281	IF ( inflow_damping_width == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1282	!
1283	!-- Default for the transition range: one tenth of the undamped
1284	!-- layer
1285	inflow_damping_width = 0.1_wp * inflow_damping_height
1286
1287	ENDIF
1288
1289	ALLOCATE( inflow_damping_factor(nzb:nzt+1) )
1290
1291	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1292
1293	IF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height ) THEN
1294	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0_wp
1295	ELSEIF ( zu(k) <= ( inflow_damping_height + inflow_damping_width ) ) THEN
1296	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0_wp - &
1297	( zu(k) - inflow_damping_height ) / &
1298	inflow_damping_width
1299	ELSE
1300	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 0.0_wp
1301	ENDIF
1302
1303	ENDDO
1304
1305	ENDIF
1306
1307	!
1308	!-- Inside buildings set velocities back to zero
1309	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1310	topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
1311	!
1312	!-- Inside buildings set velocities back to zero.
1313	!-- Other scalars (pt, q, s, p, sa, ...) are ignored at present,
1314	!-- maybe revise later.
1315	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1316	DO j = nysg, nyng
1317	DO k = nzb, nzt
1318	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1319	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1320	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1321	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1322	w(k,j,i) = MERGE( w(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1323	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
1324	ENDDO
1325	ENDDO
1326	ENDDO
1327
1328	ENDIF
1329
1330	!
1331	!-- Calculate initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1332	!-- of a sloping surface
1333	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1334
1335	!
1336	!-- Initialize new time levels (only done in order to set boundary values
1337	!-- including ghost points)
1338	pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1339	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1340	q_p = q
1341	ENDIF
1342	IF ( passive_scalar ) s_p = s
1343	!
1344	!-- Allthough tendency arrays are set in prognostic_equations, they have
1345	!-- have to be predefined here because they are used (but multiplied with 0)
1346	!-- there before they are set.
1347	tpt_m = 0.0_wp; tu_m = 0.0_wp; tv_m = 0.0_wp; tw_m = 0.0_wp
1348	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1349	tq_m = 0.0_wp
1350	ENDIF
1351	IF ( passive_scalar ) ts_m = 0.0_wp
1352
1353	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'initializing in case of restart / cyclic_fill', 'end' )
1354
1355	ELSE
1356	!
1357	!-- Actually this part of the programm should not be reached
1358	message_string = 'unknown initializing problem'
1359	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0193', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1360	ENDIF
1361
1362
1363	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1364	!
1365	!-- Initialize old timelevels needed for radiation boundary conditions
1366	IF ( bc_radiation_l ) THEN
1367	u_m_l(:,:,:) = u(:,:,1:2)
1368	v_m_l(:,:,:) = v(:,:,0:1)
1369	w_m_l(:,:,:) = w(:,:,0:1)
1370	ENDIF
1371	IF ( bc_radiation_r ) THEN
1372	u_m_r(:,:,:) = u(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1373	v_m_r(:,:,:) = v(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1374	w_m_r(:,:,:) = w(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1375	ENDIF
1376	IF ( bc_radiation_s ) THEN
1377	u_m_s(:,:,:) = u(:,0:1,:)
1378	v_m_s(:,:,:) = v(:,1:2,:)
1379	w_m_s(:,:,:) = w(:,0:1,:)
1380	ENDIF
1381	IF ( bc_radiation_n ) THEN
1382	u_m_n(:,:,:) = u(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1383	v_m_n(:,:,:) = v(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1384	w_m_n(:,:,:) = w(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1385	ENDIF
1386
1387	ENDIF
1388
1389	!
1390	!-- Calculate the initial volume flow at the right and north boundary
1391	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
1392
1393	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1394
1395	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1396	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1397
1398	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1399	DO j = nys, nyn
1400	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1401	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1402	u_init(k) * dzw(k) &
1403	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1404	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr), 1 )&
1405	)
1406
1407	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1408	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1409	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr), 1 )&
1410	)
1411	ENDDO
1412	ENDDO
1413	ENDIF
1414
1415	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1416	DO i = nxl, nxr
1417	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1418	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1419	v_init(k) * dzw(k) &
1420	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1421	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn,i), 2 )&
1422	)
1423	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1424	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1425	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn,i), 2 )&
1426	)
1427	ENDDO
1428	ENDDO
1429	ENDIF
1430
1431	#if defined( __parallel )
1432	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1433	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1434	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1435	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1436
1437	#else
1438	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1439	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1440	#endif
1441
1442	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1443
1444	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1445	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1446
1447	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1448	DO j = nys, nyn
1449	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1450	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1451	hom_sum(k,1,0) * dzw(k) &
1452	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1453	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1454	)
1455	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1456	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1457	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1458	)
1459	ENDDO
1460	ENDDO
1461	ENDIF
1462
1463	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1464	DO i = nxl, nxr
1465	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1466	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1467	hom_sum(k,2,0) * dzw(k) &
1468	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1469	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1470	)
1471	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1472	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1473	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1474	)
1475	ENDDO
1476	ENDDO
1477	ENDIF
1478
1479	#if defined( __parallel )
1480	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1481	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1482	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1483	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1484
1485	#else
1486	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1487	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1488	#endif
1489
1490	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1491
1492	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1493	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1494
1495	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1496	DO j = nys, nyn
1497	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1498	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1499	u(k,j,nx) * dzw(k) &
1500	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1501	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1502	)
1503	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1504	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1505	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1506	)
1507	ENDDO
1508	ENDDO
1509	ENDIF
1510
1511	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1512	DO i = nxl, nxr
1513	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1514	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1515	v(k,ny,i) * dzw(k) &
1516	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1517	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1518	)
1519	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1520	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1521	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1522	)
1523	ENDDO
1524	ENDDO
1525	ENDIF
1526
1527	#if defined( __parallel )
1528	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1529	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1530	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1531	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1532
1533	#else
1534	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1535	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1536	#endif
1537
1538	ENDIF
1539
1540	!
1541	!-- In case of 'bulk_velocity' mode, volume_flow_initial is calculated
1542	!-- from u\|v_bulk instead
1543	IF ( TRIM( conserve_volume_flow_mode ) == 'bulk_velocity' ) THEN
1544	volume_flow_initial(1) = u_bulk * volume_flow_area(1)
1545	volume_flow_initial(2) = v_bulk * volume_flow_area(2)
1546	ENDIF
1547
1548	ENDIF
1549	!
1550	!-- In the following, surface properties can be further initialized with
1551	!-- input from static driver file.
1552	!-- At the moment this affects only default surfaces. For example,
1553	!-- roughness length or sensible / latent heat fluxes can be initialized
1554	!-- heterogeneously for default surfaces. Therefore, a generic routine
1555	!-- from netcdf_data_input_mod is called to read a 2D array.
1556	IF ( input_pids_static ) THEN
1557	!
1558	!-- Allocate memory for possible static input
1559	ALLOCATE( tmp_2d%var(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1560	tmp_2d%var = 0.0_wp
1561	!
1562	!-- Open the static input file
1563	#if defined( __netcdf )
1564	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
1565	TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1566	pids_id )
1567
1568	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
1569	!
1570	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
1571	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
1572	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
1573	!
1574	!-- Input roughness length.
1575	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'z0' ) ) THEN
1576	!
1577	!-- Read _FillValue attribute
1578	CALL get_attribute( pids_id, char_fill, tmp_2d%fill, &
1579	.FALSE., 'z0' )
1580	!
1581	!-- Read variable
1582	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'z0', tmp_2d%var, &
1583	nxl, nxr, nys, nyn )
1584	!
1585	!-- Initialize roughness length. Note, z0 will be only initialized at
1586	!-- default-type surfaces. At natural or urban z0 is implicitly
1587	!-- initialized bythe respective parameter lists.
1588	!-- Initialize horizontal surface elements.
1589	CALL init_single_surface_properties( surf_def_h(0)%z0, &
1590	tmp_2d%var, &
1591	surf_def_h(0)%ns, &
1592	tmp_2d%fill, &
1593	surf_def_h(0)%i, &
1594	surf_def_h(0)%j )
1595	!
1596	!-- Initialize roughness also at vertical surface elements.
1597	!-- Note, the actual 2D input arrays are only defined on the
1598	!-- subdomain. Therefore, pass the index arrays with their respective
1599	!-- offset values.
1600	DO l = 0, 3
1601	CALL init_single_surface_properties( &
1602	surf_def_v(l)%z0, &
1603	tmp_2d%var, &
1604	surf_def_v(l)%ns, &
1605	tmp_2d%fill, &
1606	surf_def_v(l)%i + surf_def_v(l)%ioff, &
1607	surf_def_v(l)%j + surf_def_v(l)%joff )
1608	ENDDO
1609
1610	ENDIF
1611	!
1612	!-- Additional variables, e.g. shf, qsws, etc, can be initialized the
1613	!-- same way.
1614
1615	!
1616	!-- Finally, close the input file and deallocate temporary arrays
1617	DEALLOCATE( vars_pids )
1618
1619	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
1620	#endif
1621	DEALLOCATE( tmp_2d%var )
1622	ENDIF
1623	!
1624	!-- Finally, if random_heatflux is set, disturb shf at horizontal
1625	!-- surfaces. Actually, this should be done in surface_mod, where all other
1626	!-- initializations of surface quantities are done. However, this
1627	!-- would create a ring dependency, hence, it is done here. Maybe delete
1628	!-- disturb_heatflux and tranfer the respective code directly into the
1629	!-- initialization in surface_mod.
1630	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1631	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1632
1633	IF ( use_surface_fluxes .AND. constant_heatflux .AND. &
1634	random_heatflux ) THEN
1635	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_def_h(0) )
1636	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_lsm_h )
1637	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_usm_h )
1638	ENDIF
1639	ENDIF
1640
1641	!
1642	!-- Compute total sum of grid points and the mean surface level height for each
1643	!-- statistic region. These are mainly used for horizontal averaging of
1644	!-- turbulence statistics.
1645	!-- ngp_2dh: number of grid points of a horizontal cross section through the
1646	!-- respective statistic region
1647	!-- ngp_3d: number of grid points of the respective statistic region
1648	ngp_2dh_outer_l = 0
1649	ngp_2dh_outer = 0
1650	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l = 0
1651	ngp_2dh_s_inner = 0
1652	ngp_2dh_l = 0
1653	ngp_2dh = 0
1654	ngp_3d_inner_l = 0.0_wp
1655	ngp_3d_inner = 0
1656	ngp_3d = 0
1657	ngp_sums = ( nz + 2 ) * ( pr_palm + max_pr_user )
1658
1659	mean_surface_level_height = 0.0_wp
1660	mean_surface_level_height_l = 0.0_wp
1661	!
1662	!-- To do: New concept for these non-topography grid points!
1663	DO sr = 0, statistic_regions
1664	DO i = nxl, nxr
1665	DO j = nys, nyn
1666	IF ( rmask(j,i,sr) == 1.0_wp ) THEN
1667	!
1668	!-- All xy-grid points
1669	ngp_2dh_l(sr) = ngp_2dh_l(sr) + 1
1670	!
1671	!-- Determine mean surface-level height. In case of downward-
1672	!-- facing walls are present, more than one surface level exist.
1673	!-- In this case, use the lowest surface-level height.
1674	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i) <= &
1675	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
1676	m = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
1677	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
1678	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
1679	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
1680	ENDIF
1681	IF ( surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1682	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
1683	m = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
1684	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
1685	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
1686	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
1687	ENDIF
1688	IF ( surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1689	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
1690	m = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i)
1691	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
1692	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
1693	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
1694	ENDIF
1695
1696	k_surf = k - 1
1697
1698	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1699	!
1700	!-- xy-grid points above topography
1701	ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) + &
1702	MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 24 ) )
1703
1704	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) + &
1705	MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 22 ) )
1706
1707	ENDDO
1708	!
1709	!-- All grid points of the total domain above topography
1710	ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) = ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) + ( nz - k_surf + 2 )
1711
1712
1713
1714	ENDIF
1715	ENDDO
1716	ENDDO
1717	ENDDO
1718
1719	sr = statistic_regions + 1
1720	#if defined( __parallel )
1721	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1722	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_l(0), ngp_2dh(0), sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, &
1723	comm2d, ierr )
1724	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1725	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_outer_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_outer(0,0), (nz+2)*sr, &
1726	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1727	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1728	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_s_inner(0,0), &
1729	(nz+2)*sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1730	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1731	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_3d_inner_l(0), ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
1732	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1733	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_tmp, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1734	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1735	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mean_surface_level_height_l(0), &
1736	mean_surface_level_height(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
1737	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1738	mean_surface_level_height = mean_surface_level_height / REAL( ngp_2dh )
1739	#else
1740	ngp_2dh = ngp_2dh_l
1741	ngp_2dh_outer = ngp_2dh_outer_l
1742	ngp_2dh_s_inner = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
1743	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_l, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1744	mean_surface_level_height = mean_surface_level_height_l / REAL( ngp_2dh_l )
1745	#endif
1746
1747	ngp_3d = INT ( ngp_2dh, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) ) * &
1748	INT ( (nz + 2 ), KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1749
1750	!
1751	!-- Set a lower limit of 1 in order to avoid zero divisions in flow_statistics,
1752	!-- buoyancy, etc. A zero value will occur for cases where all grid points of
1753	!-- the respective subdomain lie below the surface topography
1754	ngp_2dh_outer = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_outer(:,:) )
1755	ngp_3d_inner = MAX( INT(1, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 )), &
1756	ngp_3d_inner(:) )
1757	ngp_2dh_s_inner = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_s_inner(:,:) )
1758
1759	DEALLOCATE( mean_surface_level_height_l, ngp_2dh_l, ngp_2dh_outer_l, &
1760	ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp )
1761	!
1762	!-- Initialize surface forcing corresponding to large-scale forcing. Therein,
1763	!-- initialize heat-fluxes, etc. via datatype. Revise it later!
1764	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
1765	IF ( use_surface_fluxes .AND. constant_heatflux ) THEN
1766	CALL ls_forcing_surf ( simulated_time )
1767	ENDIF
1768	ENDIF
1769	!
1770	!-- Initializae 3D offline nesting in COSMO model and read data from
1771	!-- external NetCDF file.
1772	IF ( nesting_offline ) CALL nesting_offl_init
1773	!
1774	!-- Initialize quantities for special advections schemes
1775	CALL init_advec
1776
1777	!
1778	!-- Impose random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field and then
1779	!-- remove the divergences from the velocity field at the initial stage
1780	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. disturbance_energy_limit /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
1781	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1782	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1783
1784	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'creating disturbances + applying pressure solver', 'start' )
1785	!
1786	!-- Needed for both disturb_field and pres
1787	!$ACC DATA &
1788	!$ACC CREATE(tend(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
1789	!$ACC COPY(u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
1790	!$ACC COPY(v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg))
1791
1792	CALL disturb_field( 'u', tend, u )
1793	CALL disturb_field( 'v', tend, v )
1794
1795	!$ACC DATA &
1796	!$ACC CREATE(d(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr)) &
1797	!$ACC COPY(w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
1798	!$ACC COPY(p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
1799	!$ACC COPYIN(rho_air(nzb:nzt+1), rho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1)) &
1800	!$ACC COPYIN(ddzu(1:nzt+1), ddzw(1:nzt+1)) &
1801	!$ACC COPYIN(wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg)) &
1802	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0:1)) &
1803	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0)%i(1:bc_h(0)%ns)) &
1804	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0)%j(1:bc_h(0)%ns)) &
1805	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(0)%k(1:bc_h(0)%ns)) &
1806	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(1)%i(1:bc_h(1)%ns)) &
1807	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(1)%j(1:bc_h(1)%ns)) &
1808	!$ACC COPYIN(bc_h(1)%k(1:bc_h(1)%ns))
1809
1810	n_sor = nsor_ini
1811	CALL pres
1812	n_sor = nsor
1813
1814	!$ACC END DATA
1815	!$ACC END DATA
1816
1817	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'creating disturbances + applying pressure solver', 'end' )
1818
1819	ENDIF
1820
1821	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
1822
1823	ALLOCATE( hyp(nzb:nzt+1) )
1824	ALLOCATE( d_exner(nzb:nzt+1) )
1825	ALLOCATE( exner(nzb:nzt+1) )
1826	ALLOCATE( hyrho(nzb:nzt+1) )
1827	!
1828	!-- Check temperature in case of too large domain height
1829	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1830	IF ( ( pt_surface * exner_function(surface_pressure * 100.0_wp) - g/c_p * zu(k) ) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1831	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'absolute temperature < 0.0 at zu(', k, &
1832	') = ', zu(k)
1833	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0142', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1834	ENDIF
1835	ENDDO
1836
1837	!
1838	!-- Calculate vertical profile of the hydrostatic pressure (hyp)
1839	hyp = barometric_formula(zu, pt_surface * exner_function(surface_pressure * 100.0_wp), surface_pressure * 100.0_wp)
1840	d_exner = exner_function_invers(hyp)
1841	exner = 1.0_wp / exner_function_invers(hyp)
1842	hyrho = ideal_gas_law_rho_pt(hyp, pt_init)
1843	!
1844	!-- Compute reference density
1845	rho_surface = ideal_gas_law_rho(surface_pressure * 100.0_wp, pt_surface * exner_function(surface_pressure * 100.0_wp))
1846
1847	ENDIF
1848
1849	!
1850	!-- If required, initialize particles
1851	IF ( agents_active ) CALL mas_init
1852	!
1853	!-- Initialization of synthetic turbulence generator
1854	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) CALL stg_init
1855	!
1856	!-- Initializing actions for all other modules
1857	CALL module_interface_init
1858	!
1859	!-- Initialize surface layer (done after LSM as roughness length are required
1860	!-- for initialization
1861	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) CALL init_surface_layer_fluxes
1862	!
1863	!-- Initialize surface data output
1864	IF ( surface_output ) CALL surface_data_output_init
1865	!
1866	!-- Initialize the ws-scheme.
1867	IF ( ws_scheme_sca .OR. ws_scheme_mom ) CALL ws_init
1868	!
1869	!-- Perform post-initializing checks for all other modules
1870	CALL module_interface_init_checks
1871
1872	!
1873	!-- Setting weighting factors for calculation of perturbation pressure
1874	!-- and turbulent quantities from the RK substeps
1875	IF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-3' ) THEN ! for RK3-method
1876
1877	weight_substep(1) = 1._wp/6._wp
1878	weight_substep(2) = 3._wp/10._wp
1879	weight_substep(3) = 8._wp/15._wp
1880
1881	weight_pres(1) = 1._wp/3._wp
1882	weight_pres(2) = 5._wp/12._wp
1883	weight_pres(3) = 1._wp/4._wp
1884
1885	ELSEIF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-2' ) THEN ! for RK2-method
1886
1887	weight_substep(1) = 1._wp/2._wp
1888	weight_substep(2) = 1._wp/2._wp
1889
1890	weight_pres(1) = 1._wp/2._wp
1891	weight_pres(2) = 1._wp/2._wp
1892
1893	ELSE ! for Euler-method
1894
1895	weight_substep(1) = 1.0_wp
1896	weight_pres(1) = 1.0_wp
1897
1898	ENDIF
1899
1900	!
1901	!-- Initialize Rayleigh damping factors
1902	rdf = 0.0_wp
1903	rdf_sc = 0.0_wp
1904	IF ( rayleigh_damping_factor /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1905
1906	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
1907	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1908	IF ( zu(k) >= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1909	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1910	( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * ( zu(k) - rayleigh_damping_height ) &
1911	/ ( zu(nzt) - rayleigh_damping_height ) ) &
1912	)**2
1913	ENDIF
1914	ENDDO
1915	ELSE
1916	!
1917	!-- In ocean mode, rayleigh damping is applied in the lower part of the
1918	!-- model domain
1919	DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1
1920	IF ( zu(k) <= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1921	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1922	( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(k) ) &
1923	/ ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(nzb+1) ) ) &
1924	)**2
1925	ENDIF
1926	ENDDO
1927	ENDIF
1928
1929	ENDIF
1930	IF ( scalar_rayleigh_damping ) rdf_sc = rdf
1931
1932	!
1933	!-- Initialize the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
1934	!-- the external pressure gradient
1935	dp_smooth_factor = 1.0_wp
1936	IF ( dp_external ) THEN
1937	!
1938	!-- Set the starting level dp_level_ind_b only if it has not been set before
1939	!-- (e.g. in init_grid).
1940	IF ( dp_level_ind_b == 0 ) THEN
1941	ind_array = MINLOC( ABS( dp_level_b - zu ) )
1942	dp_level_ind_b = ind_array(1) - 1 + nzb
1943	! MINLOC uses lower array bound 1
1944	ENDIF
1945	IF ( dp_smooth ) THEN
1946	dp_smooth_factor(:dp_level_ind_b) = 0.0_wp
1947	DO k = dp_level_ind_b+1, nzt
1948	dp_smooth_factor(k) = 0.5_wp * ( 1.0_wp + SIN( pi * &
1949	( REAL( k - dp_level_ind_b, KIND=wp ) / &
1950	REAL( nzt - dp_level_ind_b, KIND=wp ) - 0.5_wp ) ) )
1951	ENDDO
1952	ENDIF
1953	ENDIF
1954
1955	!
1956	!-- Initialize damping zone for the potential temperature in case of
1957	!-- non-cyclic lateral boundaries. The damping zone has the maximum value
1958	!-- at the inflow boundary and decreases to zero at pt_damping_width.
1959	ptdf_x = 0.0_wp
1960	ptdf_y = 0.0_wp
1961	IF ( bc_lr_dirrad ) THEN
1962	DO i = nxl, nxr
1963	IF ( ( i * dx ) < pt_damping_width ) THEN
1964	ptdf_x(i) = pt_damping_factor * ( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1965	REAL( pt_damping_width - i * dx, KIND=wp ) / ( &
1966	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) ) ) )**2
1967	ENDIF
1968	ENDDO
1969	ELSEIF ( bc_lr_raddir ) THEN
1970	DO i = nxl, nxr
1971	IF ( ( i * dx ) > ( nx * dx - pt_damping_width ) ) THEN
1972	ptdf_x(i) = pt_damping_factor * &
1973	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1974	( ( i - nx ) * dx + pt_damping_width ) / &
1975	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1976	ENDIF
1977	ENDDO
1978	ELSEIF ( bc_ns_dirrad ) THEN
1979	DO j = nys, nyn
1980	IF ( ( j * dy ) > ( ny * dy - pt_damping_width ) ) THEN
1981	ptdf_y(j) = pt_damping_factor * &
1982	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1983	( ( j - ny ) * dy + pt_damping_width ) / &
1984	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1985	ENDIF
1986	ENDDO
1987	ELSEIF ( bc_ns_raddir ) THEN
1988	DO j = nys, nyn
1989	IF ( ( j * dy ) < pt_damping_width ) THEN
1990	ptdf_y(j) = pt_damping_factor * &
1991	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1992	( pt_damping_width - j * dy ) / &
1993	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1994	ENDIF
1995	ENDDO
1996	ENDIF
1997
1998	!
1999	!-- Input binary data file is not needed anymore. This line must be placed
2000	!-- after call of user_init!
2001	CALL close_file( 13 )
2002	!
2003	!-- In case of nesting, put an barrier to assure that all parent and child
2004	!-- domains finished initialization.
2005	#if defined( __parallel )
2006	IF ( nested_run ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( MPI_COMM_WORLD, ierr )
2007	#endif
2008
2009
2010	CALL location_message( 'model initialization', 'finished' )
2011
2012	END SUBROUTINE init_3d_model

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