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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/init_3d_model.f90 @ 681

Last change on this file since 681 was 681, checked in by gryschka, 14 years ago
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1	#if defined( __ibmy_special )
2	@PROCESS NOOPTimize
3	#endif
4	SUBROUTINE init_3d_model
5
6	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
7	! Current revisions:
8	! -----------------
9	!
10	!
11	! Former revisions:
12	! -----------------
13	! 680 2011-02-04 23:16:06Z gryschka $
14	! bugfix: volume_flow_control
15	!
16	! 673 2011-01-18 16:19:48Z suehring
17	! weight_substep (moved from advec_ws) and weight_pres added.
18	! Allocate p_sub when using Multigrid or SOR solver.
19	! Call of ws_init moved behind the if requests.
20	!
21	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
22	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng in loops and
23	! allocation of arrays. Calls of exchange_horiz are modified.
24	! Call ws_init to initialize arrays needed for statistical evaluation and
25	! optimization when ws-scheme is used.
26	! Initial volume flow is now calculated by using the variable hom_sum.
27	! Therefore the correction of initial volume flow for non-flat topography
28	! removed (removed u_nzb_p1_for_vfc and v_nzb_p1_for_vfc)
29	! Changed surface boundary conditions for u and v in case of ibc_uv_b == 0 from
30	! mirror bc to dirichlet boundary conditions (u=v=0), so that k=nzb is
31	! representative for the height z0
32	! Bugfix: type conversion of '1' to 64bit for the MAX function (ngp_3d_inner)
33	!
34	! 622 2010-12-10 08:08:13Z raasch
35	! optional barriers included in order to speed up collective operations
36	!
37	! 560 2010-09-09 10:06:09Z weinreis
38	! bugfix: correction of calculating ngp_3d for 64 bit
39	!
40	! 485 2010-02-05 10:57:51Z raasch
41	! calculation of ngp_3d + ngp_3d_inner changed because they have now 64 bit
42	!
43	! 407 2009-12-01 15:01:15Z maronga
44	! var_ts is replaced by dots_max
45	! Enabled passive scalar/humidity wall fluxes for non-flat topography
46	!
47	! 388 2009-09-23 09:40:33Z raasch
48	! Initialization of prho added.
49	! bugfix: correction of initial volume flow for non-flat topography
50	! bugfix: zero initialization of arrays within buildings for 'cyclic_fill'
51	! bugfix: avoid that ngp_2dh_s_inner becomes zero
52	! initializing_actions='read_data_for_recycling' renamed to 'cyclic_fill', now
53	! independent of turbulent_inflow
54	! Output of messages replaced by message handling routine.
55	! Set the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
56	! the external pressure gradient
57	! +conserve_volume_flow_mode: 'default', 'initial_profiles', 'inflow_profile'
58	! and 'bulk_velocity'
59	! If the inversion height calculated by the prerun is zero,
60	! inflow_damping_height must be explicitly specified.
61	!
62	! 181 2008-07-30 07:07:47Z raasch
63	! bugfix: zero assignments to tendency arrays in case of restarts,
64	! further extensions and modifications in the initialisation of the plant
65	! canopy model,
66	! allocation of hom_sum moved to parin, initialization of spectrum_x\|y directly
67	! after allocating theses arrays,
68	! read data for recycling added as new initialization option,
69	! dummy allocation for diss
70	!
71	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
72	! New counter ngp_2dh_s_inner.
73	! Allow new case bc_uv_t = 'dirichlet_0' for channel flow.
74	! Corrected calculation of initial volume flow for 'set_1d-model_profiles' and
75	! 'set_constant_profiles' in case of buildings in the reference cross-sections.
76	!
77	! 108 2007-08-24 15:10:38Z letzel
78	! Flux initialization in case of coupled runs, +momentum fluxes at top boundary,
79	! +arrays for phase speed c_u, c_v, c_w, indices for u\|v\|w_m_l\|r changed
80	! +qswst_remote in case of atmosphere model with humidity coupled to ocean
81	! Rayleigh damping for ocean, optionally calculate km and kh from initial
82	! TKE e_init
83	!
84	! 97 2007-06-21 08:23:15Z raasch
85	! Initialization of salinity, call of init_ocean
86	!
87	! 87 2007-05-22 15:46:47Z raasch
88	! var_hom and var_sum renamed pr_palm
89	!
90	! 75 2007-03-22 09:54:05Z raasch
91	! Arrays for radiation boundary conditions are allocated (u_m_l, u_m_r, etc.),
92	! bugfix for cases with the outflow damping layer extending over more than one
93	! subdomain, moisture renamed humidity,
94	! new initializing action "by_user" calls user_init_3d_model,
95	! precipitation_amount/rate, ts_value are allocated, +module netcdf_control,
96	! initial velocities at nzb+1 are regarded for volume
97	! flow control in case they have been set zero before (to avoid small timesteps)
98	! -uvmean_outflow, uxrp, vynp eliminated
99	!
100	! 19 2007-02-23 04:53:48Z raasch
101	! +handling of top fluxes
102	!
103	! RCS Log replace by Id keyword, revision history cleaned up
104	!
105	! Revision 1.49 2006/08/22 15:59:07 raasch
106	! No optimization of this file on the ibmy (Yonsei Univ.)
107	!
108	! Revision 1.1 1998/03/09 16:22:22 raasch
109	! Initial revision
110	!
111	!
112	! Description:
113	! ------------
114	! Allocation of arrays and initialization of the 3D model via
115	! a) pre-run the 1D model
116	! or
117	! b) pre-set constant linear profiles
118	! or
119	! c) read values of a previous run
120	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
121
122	USE advec_ws
123	USE arrays_3d
124	USE averaging
125	USE cloud_parameters
126	USE constants
127	USE control_parameters
128	USE cpulog
129	USE indices
130	USE interfaces
131	USE model_1d
132	USE netcdf_control
133	USE particle_attributes
134	USE pegrid
135	USE profil_parameter
136	USE random_function_mod
137	USE statistics
138
139	IMPLICIT NONE
140
141	INTEGER :: i, ind_array(1), j, k, sr
142
143	INTEGER, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_l
144
145	INTEGER, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_outer_l, &
146	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
147
148	REAL :: a, b
149
150	REAL, DIMENSION(1:2) :: volume_flow_area_l, volume_flow_initial_l
151
152	REAL, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp
153
154
155	!
156	!-- Allocate arrays
157	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh(0:statistic_regions), ngp_2dh_l(0:statistic_regions), &
158	ngp_3d(0:statistic_regions), &
159	ngp_3d_inner(0:statistic_regions), &
160	ngp_3d_inner_l(0:statistic_regions), &
161	ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0:statistic_regions), &
162	sums_divnew_l(0:statistic_regions), &
163	sums_divold_l(0:statistic_regions) )
164	ALLOCATE( dp_smooth_factor(nzb:nzt), rdf(nzb+1:nzt) )
165	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_outer(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
166	ngp_2dh_outer_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
167	ngp_2dh_s_inner(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
168	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
169	rmask(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,0:statistic_regions), &
170	sums(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user), &
171	sums_l(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user,0:threads_per_task-1), &
172	sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0:threads_per_task-1), &
173	sums_up_fraction_l(10,3,0:statistic_regions), &
174	sums_wsts_bc_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
175	ts_value(dots_max,0:statistic_regions) )
176	ALLOCATE( km_damp_x(nxlg:nxrg), km_damp_y(nysg:nyng) )
177
178	ALLOCATE( rif_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), shf_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
179	ts(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), tswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
180	us(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), usws_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
181	uswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
182	vsws_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
183	vswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), z0(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
184
185	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
186	!
187	!-- Leapfrog scheme needs two timelevels of diffusion quantities
188	ALLOCATE( rif_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
189	shf_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
190	tswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
191	usws_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
192	uswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
193	vswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
194	vsws_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
195	ENDIF
196
197	ALLOCATE( d(nzb+1:nzta,nys:nyna,nxl:nxra), &
198	e_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
199	e_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
200	e_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
201	kh_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
202	km_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
203	p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
204	pt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
205	pt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
206	pt_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
207	tend(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
208	u_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
209	u_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
210	u_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
211	v_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
212	v_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
213	v_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
214	w_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
215	w_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
216	w_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
217	!
218	!-- Following array is required to buffer the perturbation pressure during
219	!-- Runge-Kutta 3rd order time integration.
220	IF ( psolver == 'multigrid' .OR. psolver == 'sor' ) THEN
221	ALLOCATE( p_sub(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
222	ENDIF
223
224	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
225	ALLOCATE( kh_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
226	km_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
227	ENDIF
228
229	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
230	!
231	!-- 2D-humidity/scalar arrays
232	ALLOCATE ( qs(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
233	qsws_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
234	qswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
235
236	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
237	ALLOCATE( qsws_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
238	qswst_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
239	ENDIF
240	!
241	!-- 3D-humidity/scalar arrays
242	ALLOCATE( q_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
243	q_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
244	q_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
245
246	!
247	!-- 3D-arrays needed for humidity only
248	IF ( humidity ) THEN
249	ALLOCATE( vpt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
250
251	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
252	ALLOCATE( vpt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
253	ENDIF
254
255	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
256	!
257	!-- Liquid water content
258	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
259	!
260	!-- Precipitation amount and rate (only needed if output is switched)
261	ALLOCATE( precipitation_amount(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
262	precipitation_rate(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
263	ENDIF
264
265	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
266	!
267	!-- Liquid water content, change in liquid water content,
268	!-- real volume of particles (with weighting), volume of particles
269	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
270	ql_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
271	ql_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
272	ql_vp(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
273	ENDIF
274
275	ENDIF
276
277	ENDIF
278
279	IF ( ocean ) THEN
280	ALLOCATE( saswsb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
281	saswst_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
282	ALLOCATE( prho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
283	rho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
284	sa_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
285	sa_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
286	sa_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
287	prho => prho_1
288	rho => rho_1 ! routines calc_mean_profile and diffusion_e require
289	! density to be apointer
290	IF ( humidity_remote ) THEN
291	ALLOCATE( qswst_remote(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg))
292	qswst_remote = 0.0
293	ENDIF
294	ENDIF
295
296	!
297	!-- 3D-array for storing the dissipation, needed for calculating the sgs
298	!-- particle velocities
299	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles ) THEN
300	ALLOCATE ( diss(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
301	ELSE
302	ALLOCATE ( diss(2,2,2) ) ! required because diss is used as a
303	! formal parameter
304	ENDIF
305
306	IF ( dt_dosp /= 9999999.9 ) THEN
307	ALLOCATE( spectrum_x( 1:nx/2, 1:10, 1:10 ), &
308	spectrum_y( 1:ny/2, 1:10, 1:10 ) )
309	spectrum_x = 0.0
310	spectrum_y = 0.0
311	ENDIF
312
313	!
314	!-- 3D-arrays for the leaf area density and the canopy drag coefficient
315	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
316	ALLOCATE ( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
317	lad_u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
318	lad_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
319	lad_w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
320	cdc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
321
322	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
323	ALLOCATE ( sls(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
324	sec(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
325	ENDIF
326
327	IF ( cthf /= 0.0 ) THEN
328	ALLOCATE ( lai(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
329	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
330	ENDIF
331
332	ENDIF
333
334	!
335	!-- 4D-array for storing the Rif-values at vertical walls
336	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
337	ALLOCATE( rif_wall(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,1:4) )
338	rif_wall = 0.0
339	ENDIF
340
341	!
342	!-- Arrays to store velocity data from t-dt and the phase speeds which
343	!-- are needed for radiation boundary conditions
344	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
345	ALLOCATE( u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,1:2), &
346	v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1), &
347	w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1) )
348	ENDIF
349	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
350	ALLOCATE( u_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
351	v_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
352	w_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx) )
353	ENDIF
354	IF ( outflow_l .OR. outflow_r ) THEN
355	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
356	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
357	ENDIF
358	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
359	ALLOCATE( u_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg), &
360	v_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,1:2,nxlg:nxrg), &
361	w_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg) )
362	ENDIF
363	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
364	ALLOCATE( u_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
365	v_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
366	w_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg) )
367	ENDIF
368	IF ( outflow_s .OR. outflow_n ) THEN
369	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
370	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
371	ENDIF
372
373	!
374	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
375	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
376
377	rif_m => rif_1; rif => rif_2
378	shf_m => shf_1; shf => shf_2
379	tswst_m => tswst_1; tswst => tswst_2
380	usws_m => usws_1; usws => usws_2
381	uswst_m => uswst_1; uswst => uswst_2
382	vsws_m => vsws_1; vsws => vsws_2
383	vswst_m => vswst_1; vswst => vswst_2
384	e_m => e_1; e => e_2; e_p => e_3; te_m => e_3
385	kh_m => kh_1; kh => kh_2
386	km_m => km_1; km => km_2
387	pt_m => pt_1; pt => pt_2; pt_p => pt_3; tpt_m => pt_3
388	u_m => u_1; u => u_2; u_p => u_3; tu_m => u_3
389	v_m => v_1; v => v_2; v_p => v_3; tv_m => v_3
390	w_m => w_1; w => w_2; w_p => w_3; tw_m => w_3
391
392	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
393	qsws_m => qsws_1; qsws => qsws_2
394	qswst_m => qswst_1; qswst => qswst_2
395	q_m => q_1; q => q_2; q_p => q_3; tq_m => q_3
396	IF ( humidity ) vpt_m => vpt_1; vpt => vpt_2
397	IF ( cloud_physics ) ql => ql_1
398	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
399	ql => ql_1
400	ql_c => ql_2
401	ENDIF
402	ENDIF
403
404	ELSE
405
406	rif => rif_1
407	shf => shf_1
408	tswst => tswst_1
409	usws => usws_1
410	uswst => uswst_1
411	vsws => vsws_1
412	vswst => vswst_1
413	e => e_1; e_p => e_2; te_m => e_3; e_m => e_3
414	kh => kh_1
415	km => km_1
416	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_2; tpt_m => pt_3; pt_m => pt_3
417	u => u_1; u_p => u_2; tu_m => u_3; u_m => u_3
418	v => v_1; v_p => v_2; tv_m => v_3; v_m => v_3
419	w => w_1; w_p => w_2; tw_m => w_3; w_m => w_3
420
421	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
422	qsws => qsws_1
423	qswst => qswst_1
424	q => q_1; q_p => q_2; tq_m => q_3; q_m => q_3
425	IF ( humidity ) vpt => vpt_1
426	IF ( cloud_physics ) ql => ql_1
427	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
428	ql => ql_1
429	ql_c => ql_2
430	ENDIF
431	ENDIF
432
433	IF ( ocean ) THEN
434	saswsb => saswsb_1
435	saswst => saswst_1
436	sa => sa_1; sa_p => sa_2; tsa_m => sa_3
437	ENDIF
438
439	ENDIF
440
441	!
442	!-- Allocate arrays containing the RK coefficient for right evaluation of
443	!-- perturbation pressure and turbulent fluxes. At this point it is needed
444	!-- for right pressure correction during initialization. Further below
445	!-- the real values will be set.
446	ALLOCATE (weight_substep(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max), &
447	weight_pres(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max) )
448	weight_substep = 1.
449	weight_pres = 1.
450	intermediate_timestep_count = 1 ! needed for simulated_time=0
451
452	!
453	!-- Initialize model variables
454	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
455	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
456	!
457	!-- First model run of a possible job queue.
458	!-- Initial profiles of the variables must be computes.
459	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_1d-model_profiles' ) /= 0 ) THEN
460	!
461	!-- Use solutions of the 1D model as initial profiles,
462	!-- start 1D model
463	CALL init_1d_model
464	!
465	!-- Transfer initial profiles to the arrays of the 3D model
466	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
467	DO j = nysg, nyng
468	e(:,j,i) = e1d
469	kh(:,j,i) = kh1d
470	km(:,j,i) = km1d
471	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
472	u(:,j,i) = u1d
473	v(:,j,i) = v1d
474	ENDDO
475	ENDDO
476
477	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
478	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
479	DO j = nysg, nyng
480	q(:,j,i) = q_init
481	ENDDO
482	ENDDO
483	ENDIF
484
485	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
486	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
487	DO j = nysg, nyng
488	e(:,j,i) = e1d
489	ENDDO
490	ENDDO
491	!
492	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
493	hom(:,1,25,:) = SPREAD( l1d, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
494
495	IF ( prandtl_layer ) THEN
496	rif = rif1d(nzb+1)
497	ts = 0.0 ! could actually be computed more accurately in the
498	! 1D model. Update when opportunity arises.
499	us = us1d
500	usws = usws1d
501	vsws = vsws1d
502	ELSE
503	ts = 0.0 ! must be set, because used in
504	rif = 0.0 ! flowste
505	us = 0.0
506	usws = 0.0
507	vsws = 0.0
508	ENDIF
509
510	ELSE
511	e = 0.0 ! must be set, because used in
512	rif = 0.0 ! flowste
513	ts = 0.0
514	us = 0.0
515	usws = 0.0
516	vsws = 0.0
517	ENDIF
518	uswst = top_momentumflux_u
519	vswst = top_momentumflux_v
520
521	!
522	!-- In every case qs = 0.0 (see also pt)
523	!-- This could actually be computed more accurately in the 1D model.
524	!-- Update when opportunity arises!
525	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) qs = 0.0
526
527	!
528	!-- inside buildings set velocities back to zero
529	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
530	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
531	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
532	u(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
533	v(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
534	ENDDO
535	ENDDO
536
537	!
538	!-- WARNING: The extra boundary conditions set after running the
539	!-- ------- 1D model impose an error on the divergence one layer
540	!-- below the topography; need to correct later
541	!-- ATTENTION: Provisional correction for Piacsek & Williams
542	!-- --------- advection scheme: keep u and v zero one layer below
543	!-- the topography.
544	!
545	!-- Following was removed, because mirror boundary condition are
546	!-- replaced by dirichlet boundary conditions
547	!
548	! IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
549	!!
550	!!-- Satisfying the Dirichlet condition with an extra layer below
551	!!-- the surface where the u and v component change their sign.
552	! DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
553	! DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
554	! IF ( nzb_u_inner(j,i) == 0 ) u(0,j,i) = -u(1,j,i)
555	! IF ( nzb_v_inner(j,i) == 0 ) v(0,j,i) = -v(1,j,i)
556	! ENDDO
557	! ENDDO
558	!
559	! ELSE
560	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 1 ) THEN
561	!
562	!-- Neumann condition
563	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
564	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
565	IF ( nzb_u_inner(j,i) == 0 ) u(0,j,i) = u(1,j,i)
566	IF ( nzb_v_inner(j,i) == 0 ) v(0,j,i) = v(1,j,i)
567	ENDDO
568	ENDDO
569
570	ENDIF
571
572	ENDIF
573
574	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles') /= 0 ) &
575	THEN
576	!
577	!-- Use constructed initial profiles (velocity constant with height,
578	!-- temperature profile with constant gradient)
579	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
580	DO j = nysg, nyng
581	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
582	u(:,j,i) = u_init
583	v(:,j,i) = v_init
584	ENDDO
585	ENDDO
586
587	!
588	!-- Set initial horizontal velocities at the lowest computational grid
589	!-- levels to zero in order to avoid too small time steps caused by the
590	!-- diffusion limit in the initial phase of a run (at k=1, dz/2 occurs
591	!-- in the limiting formula!). The original values are stored to be later
592	!-- used for volume flow control.
593	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
594	DO j = nysg, nyng
595	u(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = 0.0
596	v(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1,j,i) = 0.0
597	ENDDO
598	ENDDO
599
600	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
601	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
602	DO j = nysg, nyng
603	q(:,j,i) = q_init
604	ENDDO
605	ENDDO
606	ENDIF
607
608	IF ( ocean ) THEN
609	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
610	DO j = nysg, nyng
611	sa(:,j,i) = sa_init
612	ENDDO
613	ENDDO
614	ENDIF
615
616	IF ( constant_diffusion ) THEN
617	km = km_constant
618	kh = km / prandtl_number
619	e = 0.0
620	ELSEIF ( e_init > 0.0 ) THEN
621	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
622	km(k,:,:) = 0.1 * l_grid(k) * SQRT( e_init )
623	ENDDO
624	km(nzb,:,:) = km(nzb+1,:,:)
625	km(nzt+1,:,:) = km(nzt,:,:)
626	kh = km / prandtl_number
627	e = e_init
628	ELSE
629	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
630	kh = 0.01 ! there must exist an initial diffusion, because
631	km = 0.01 ! otherwise no TKE would be produced by the
632	! production terms, as long as not yet
633	! e = (u/cm)*2 at k=nzb+1
634	ELSE
635	kh = 0.00001
636	km = 0.00001
637	ENDIF
638	e = 0.0
639	ENDIF
640	rif = 0.0
641	ts = 0.0
642	us = 0.0
643	usws = 0.0
644	uswst = top_momentumflux_u
645	vsws = 0.0
646	vswst = top_momentumflux_v
647	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) qs = 0.0
648
649	!
650	!-- Compute initial temperature field and other constants used in case
651	!-- of a sloping surface
652	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
653
654	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'by_user') /= 0 ) &
655	THEN
656	!
657	!-- Initialization will completely be done by the user
658	CALL user_init_3d_model
659
660	ENDIF
661	!
662	!-- Bottom boundary
663	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2 ) THEN
664	u(nzb,:,:) = 0.0
665	v(nzb,:,:) = 0.0
666	ENDIF
667
668	!
669	!-- Apply channel flow boundary condition
670	IF ( TRIM( bc_uv_t ) == 'dirichlet_0' ) THEN
671
672	u(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0
673	v(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0
674
675	!-- For the Dirichlet condition to be correctly applied at the top, set
676	!-- ug and vg to zero there
677	ug(nzt+1) = 0.0
678	vg(nzt+1) = 0.0
679
680	ENDIF
681
682	!
683	!-- Calculate virtual potential temperature
684	IF ( humidity ) vpt = pt * ( 1.0 + 0.61 * q )
685
686	!
687	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
688	hom(:,1,5,:) = SPREAD( u(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
689	hom(:,1,6,:) = SPREAD( v(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
690	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2) THEN
691	hom(nzb,1,5,:) = 0.0
692	hom(nzb,1,6,:) = 0.0
693	ENDIF
694	hom(:,1,7,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
695	hom(:,1,23,:) = SPREAD( km(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
696	hom(:,1,24,:) = SPREAD( kh(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
697
698	IF ( ocean ) THEN
699	!
700	!-- Store initial salinity profile
701	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( sa(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
702	ENDIF
703
704	IF ( humidity ) THEN
705	!
706	!-- Store initial profile of total water content, virtual potential
707	!-- temperature
708	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
709	hom(:,1,29,:) = SPREAD( vpt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
710	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
711	!
712	!-- Store initial profile of specific humidity and potential
713	!-- temperature
714	hom(:,1,27,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
715	hom(:,1,28,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
716	ENDIF
717	ENDIF
718
719	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
720	!
721	!-- Store initial scalar profile
722	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
723	ENDIF
724
725	!
726	!-- Initialize fluxes at bottom surface
727	IF ( use_surface_fluxes ) THEN
728
729	IF ( constant_heatflux ) THEN
730	!
731	!-- Heat flux is prescribed
732	IF ( random_heatflux ) THEN
733	CALL disturb_heatflux
734	ELSE
735	shf = surface_heatflux
736	!
737	!-- Over topography surface_heatflux is replaced by wall_heatflux(0)
738	IF ( TRIM( topography ) /= 'flat' ) THEN
739	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
740	DO j = nysg, nyng
741	IF ( nzb_s_inner(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
742	shf(j,i) = wall_heatflux(0)
743	ENDIF
744	ENDDO
745	ENDDO
746	ENDIF
747	ENDIF
748	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = shf
749	ENDIF
750
751	!
752	!-- Determine the near-surface water flux
753	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
754	IF ( constant_waterflux ) THEN
755	qsws = surface_waterflux
756	!
757	!-- Over topography surface_waterflux is replaced by
758	!-- wall_humidityflux(0)
759	IF ( TRIM( topography ) /= 'flat' ) THEN
760	wall_qflux = wall_humidityflux
761	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
762	DO j = nysg, nyng
763	IF ( nzb_s_inner(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
764	qsws(j,i) = wall_qflux(0)
765	ENDIF
766	ENDDO
767	ENDDO
768	ENDIF
769	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qsws_m ) ) qsws_m = qsws
770	ENDIF
771	ENDIF
772
773	ENDIF
774
775	!
776	!-- Initialize fluxes at top surface
777	!-- Currently, only the heatflux and salinity flux can be prescribed.
778	!-- The latent flux is zero in this case!
779	IF ( use_top_fluxes ) THEN
780
781	IF ( constant_top_heatflux ) THEN
782	!
783	!-- Heat flux is prescribed
784	tswst = top_heatflux
785	IF ( ASSOCIATED( tswst_m ) ) tswst_m = tswst
786
787	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
788	qswst = 0.0
789	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qswst_m ) ) qswst_m = qswst
790	ENDIF
791
792	IF ( ocean ) THEN
793	saswsb = bottom_salinityflux
794	saswst = top_salinityflux
795	ENDIF
796	ENDIF
797
798	!
799	!-- Initialization in case of a coupled model run
800	IF ( coupling_mode == 'ocean_to_atmosphere' ) THEN
801	tswst = 0.0
802	IF ( ASSOCIATED( tswst_m ) ) tswst_m = tswst
803	ENDIF
804
805	ENDIF
806
807	!
808	!-- Initialize Prandtl layer quantities
809	IF ( prandtl_layer ) THEN
810
811	z0 = roughness_length
812
813	IF ( .NOT. constant_heatflux ) THEN
814	!
815	!-- Surface temperature is prescribed. Here the heat flux cannot be
816	!-- simply estimated, because therefore rif, u* and theta* would have
817	!-- to be computed by iteration. This is why the heat flux is assumed
818	!-- to be zero before the first time step. It approaches its correct
819	!-- value in the course of the first few time steps.
820	shf = 0.0
821	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = 0.0
822	ENDIF
823
824	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
825	IF ( .NOT. constant_waterflux ) THEN
826	qsws = 0.0
827	IF ( ASSOCIATED( qsws_m ) ) qsws_m = 0.0
828	ENDIF
829	ENDIF
830
831	ENDIF
832
833
834	!
835	!-- For the moment, perturbation pressure and vertical velocity are zero
836	p = 0.0; w = 0.0
837
838	!
839	!-- Initialize array sums (must be defined in first call of pres)
840	sums = 0.0
841
842	!
843	!-- Treating cloud physics, liquid water content and precipitation amount
844	!-- are zero at beginning of the simulation
845	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
846	ql = 0.0
847	IF ( precipitation ) precipitation_amount = 0.0
848	ENDIF
849
850	!
851	!-- Initialize quantities for special advections schemes
852	CALL init_advec
853
854	!
855	!-- Impose vortex with vertical axis on the initial velocity profile
856	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_vortex' ) /= 0 ) THEN
857	CALL init_rankine
858	ENDIF
859
860	!
861	!-- Impose temperature anomaly (advection test only)
862	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_ptanom' ) /= 0 ) THEN
863	CALL init_pt_anomaly
864	ENDIF
865
866	!
867	!-- If required, change the surface temperature at the start of the 3D run
868	IF ( pt_surface_initial_change /= 0.0 ) THEN
869	pt(nzb,:,:) = pt(nzb,:,:) + pt_surface_initial_change
870	ENDIF
871
872	!
873	!-- If required, change the surface humidity/scalar at the start of the 3D
874	!-- run
875	IF ( ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) .AND. &
876	q_surface_initial_change /= 0.0 ) THEN
877	q(nzb,:,:) = q(nzb,:,:) + q_surface_initial_change
878	ENDIF
879
880	!
881	!-- Initialize the random number generator (from numerical recipes)
882	CALL random_function_ini
883
884	!
885	!-- Once again set the perturbation pressure explicitly to zero in order to
886	!-- assure that it does not generate any divergences in the first time step.
887	!-- At t=0 the velocity field is free of divergence (as constructed above).
888	!-- Divergences being created during a time step are not yet known and thus
889	!-- cannot be corrected during the time step yet.
890	p = 0.0
891
892	!
893	!-- Initialize old and new time levels.
894	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' ) THEN
895	e_m = e; pt_m = pt; u_m = u; v_m = v; w_m = w; kh_m = kh; km_m = km
896	ELSE
897	te_m = 0.0; tpt_m = 0.0; tu_m = 0.0; tv_m = 0.0; tw_m = 0.0
898	ENDIF
899	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
900
901	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) THEN
902	IF ( ASSOCIATED( q_m ) ) q_m = q
903	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) tq_m = 0.0
904	q_p = q
905	IF ( humidity .AND. ASSOCIATED( vpt_m ) ) vpt_m = vpt
906	ENDIF
907
908	IF ( ocean ) THEN
909	tsa_m = 0.0
910	sa_p = sa
911	ENDIF
912
913
914	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' .OR. &
915	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) &
916	THEN
917	!
918	!-- When reading data for cyclic fill of 3D prerun data, first read
919	!-- some of the global variables from restart file
920	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
921
922	CALL read_parts_of_var_list
923	CALL close_file( 13 )
924
925	!
926	!-- Initialization of the turbulence recycling method
927	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
928	!
929	!-- Store temporally and horizontally averaged vertical profiles to be
930	!-- used as mean inflow profiles
931	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,5) )
932
933	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = hom_sum(:,1,0) ! u
934	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = hom_sum(:,2,0) ! v
935	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = hom_sum(:,4,0) ! pt
936	mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) = hom_sum(:,8,0) ! e
937
938	!
939	!-- Use these mean profiles for the inflow (provided that Dirichlet
940	!-- conditions are used)
941	IF ( inflow_l ) THEN
942	DO j = nysg, nyng
943	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
944	u(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,1)
945	v(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,2)
946	w(k,j,nxlg:-1) = 0.0
947	pt(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,4)
948	e(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,5)
949	ENDDO
950	ENDDO
951	ENDIF
952
953	!
954	!-- Calculate the damping factors to be used at the inflow. For a
955	!-- turbulent inflow the turbulent fluctuations have to be limited
956	!-- vertically because otherwise the turbulent inflow layer will grow
957	!-- in time.
958	IF ( inflow_damping_height == 9999999.9 ) THEN
959	!
960	!-- Default: use the inversion height calculated by the prerun; if
961	!-- this is zero, inflow_damping_height must be explicitly
962	!-- specified.
963	IF ( hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0) /= 0.0 ) THEN
964	inflow_damping_height = hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0)
965	ELSE
966	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'inflow_damping_height must be ',&
967	'explicitly specified because&the inversion height ', &
968	'calculated by the prerun is zero.'
969	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0318', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
970	ENDIF
971
972	ENDIF
973
974	IF ( inflow_damping_width == 9999999.9 ) THEN
975	!
976	!-- Default for the transition range: one tenth of the undamped
977	!-- layer
978	inflow_damping_width = 0.1 * inflow_damping_height
979
980	ENDIF
981
982	ALLOCATE( inflow_damping_factor(nzb:nzt+1) )
983
984	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
985
986	IF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height ) THEN
987	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0
988	ELSEIF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height + &
989	inflow_damping_width ) THEN
990	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0 - &
991	( zu(k) - inflow_damping_height ) / &
992	inflow_damping_width
993	ELSE
994	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 0.0
995	ENDIF
996
997	ENDDO
998	ENDIF
999
1000	ENDIF
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- Read binary data from restart file
1004
1005	CALL read_3d_binary
1006
1007	!
1008	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero
1009	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1010	topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
1011	!
1012	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero.
1013	!-- Other scalars (pt, q, s, km, kh, p, sa, ...) are ignored at present,
1014	!-- maybe revise later.
1015	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1016	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1017	DO j = nysg, nyng
1018	u (nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1019	v (nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1020	w (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1021	e (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1022	u_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1023	v_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1024	w_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1025	e_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1026	tu_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1027	tv_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1028	tw_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1029	te_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1030	tpt_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1031	ENDDO
1032	ENDDO
1033	ELSE
1034	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1035	DO j = nysg, nyng
1036	u (nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1037	v (nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1038	w (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1039	e (nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1040	u_m(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1041	v_m(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1042	w_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1043	e_m(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1044	u_p(nzb:nzb_u_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1045	v_p(nzb:nzb_v_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1046	w_p(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1047	e_p(nzb:nzb_w_inner(j,i),j,i) = 0.0
1048	ENDDO
1049	ENDDO
1050	ENDIF
1051
1052	ENDIF
1053
1054	!
1055	!-- Calculate initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1056	!-- of a sloping surface
1057	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1058
1059	!
1060	!-- Initialize new time levels (only done in order to set boundary values
1061	!-- including ghost points)
1062	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1063	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) q_p = q
1064	IF ( ocean ) sa_p = sa
1065
1066	!
1067	!-- Allthough tendency arrays are set in prognostic_equations, they have
1068	!-- have to be predefined here because they are used (but multiplied with 0)
1069	!-- there before they are set.
1070	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1071	te_m = 0.0; tpt_m = 0.0; tu_m = 0.0; tv_m = 0.0; tw_m = 0.0
1072	IF ( humidity .OR. passive_scalar ) tq_m = 0.0
1073	IF ( ocean ) tsa_m = 0.0
1074	ENDIF
1075
1076	ELSE
1077	!
1078	!-- Actually this part of the programm should not be reached
1079	message_string = 'unknown initializing problem'
1080	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0193', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1081	ENDIF
1082
1083
1084	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1085	!
1086	!-- Initialize old timelevels needed for radiation boundary conditions
1087	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
1088	u_m_l(:,:,:) = u(:,:,1:2)
1089	v_m_l(:,:,:) = v(:,:,0:1)
1090	w_m_l(:,:,:) = w(:,:,0:1)
1091	ENDIF
1092	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
1093	u_m_r(:,:,:) = u(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1094	v_m_r(:,:,:) = v(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1095	w_m_r(:,:,:) = w(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1096	ENDIF
1097	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
1098	u_m_s(:,:,:) = u(:,0:1,:)
1099	v_m_s(:,:,:) = v(:,1:2,:)
1100	w_m_s(:,:,:) = w(:,0:1,:)
1101	ENDIF
1102	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
1103	u_m_n(:,:,:) = u(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1104	v_m_n(:,:,:) = v(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1105	w_m_n(:,:,:) = w(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1106	ENDIF
1107
1108	ENDIF
1109
1110	!
1111	!-- Calculate the initial volume flow at the right and north boundary
1112	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
1113
1114	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0
1115	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0
1116
1117	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1118
1119	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1120	DO j = nys, nyn
1121	DO k = nzb_2d(j,nx) + 1, nzt
1122	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1123	hom_sum(k,1,0) * dzw(k)
1124	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k)
1125	ENDDO
1126	ENDDO
1127	ENDIF
1128
1129	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1130	DO i = nxl, nxr
1131	DO k = nzb_2d(ny,i) + 1, nzt
1132	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1133	hom_sum(k,2,0) * dzw(k)
1134	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k)
1135	ENDDO
1136	ENDDO
1137	ENDIF
1138
1139	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1140
1141	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1142	DO j = nys, nyn
1143	DO k = nzb_2d(j,nx) + 1, nzt
1144	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1145	u(k,j,nx) * dzw(k)
1146	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k)
1147	ENDDO
1148	ENDDO
1149	ENDIF
1150
1151	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1152	DO i = nxl, nxr
1153	DO k = nzb_2d(ny,i) + 1, nzt
1154	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1155	v(k,ny,i) * dzw(k)
1156	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k)
1157	ENDDO
1158	ENDDO
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	ENDIF
1162
1163	#if defined( __parallel )
1164	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1165	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1166	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1167	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1168
1169	#else
1170	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1171	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1172	#endif
1173
1174	!
1175	!-- In case of 'bulk_velocity' mode, volume_flow_initial is overridden
1176	!-- and calculated from u\|v_bulk instead.
1177	IF ( TRIM( conserve_volume_flow_mode ) == 'bulk_velocity' ) THEN
1178	volume_flow_initial(1) = u_bulk * volume_flow_area(1)
1179	volume_flow_initial(2) = v_bulk * volume_flow_area(2)
1180	ENDIF
1181
1182	ENDIF
1183
1184
1185	!
1186	!-- Impose random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field and then
1187	!-- remove the divergences from the velocity field at the initial stage
1188	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. &
1189	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1190	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1191
1192	CALL disturb_field( nzb_u_inner, tend, u )
1193	CALL disturb_field( nzb_v_inner, tend, v )
1194	n_sor = nsor_ini
1195	CALL pres
1196	n_sor = nsor
1197	ENDIF
1198
1199	!
1200	!-- Initialization of the leaf area density
1201	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
1202
1203	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1204
1205	CASE( 'block' )
1206
1207	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1208	DO j = nysg, nyng
1209	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1210	cdc(:,j,i) = drag_coefficient
1211	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1212	sls(:,j,i) = leaf_surface_concentration
1213	sec(:,j,i) = scalar_exchange_coefficient
1214	ENDIF
1215	ENDDO
1216	ENDDO
1217
1218	CASE DEFAULT
1219
1220	!
1221	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1222	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1223	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1224	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1225	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1226	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1227
1228	END SELECT
1229
1230	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1231	CALL exchange_horiz( cdc, nbgp )
1232
1233	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1234	CALL exchange_horiz( sls, nbgp )
1235	CALL exchange_horiz( sec, nbgp )
1236	ENDIF
1237
1238	!
1239	!-- Sharp boundaries of the plant canopy in horizontal directions
1240	!-- In vertical direction the interpolation is retained, as the leaf
1241	!-- area density is initialised by prescribing a vertical profile
1242	!-- consisting of piecewise linear segments. The upper boundary
1243	!-- of the plant canopy is now defined by lad_w(pch_index,:,:) = 0.0.
1244
1245	DO i = nxl, nxr
1246	DO j = nys, nyn
1247	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1248	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0 ) THEN
1249	lad_u(k,j,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1250	lad_u(k,j,i+1) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1251	lad_v(k,j,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1252	lad_v(k,j+1,i) = lad_s(k,j,i)
1253	ENDIF
1254	ENDDO
1255	DO k = nzb, nzt
1256	lad_w(k,j,i) = 0.5 * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + lad_s(k,j,i) )
1257	ENDDO
1258	ENDDO
1259	ENDDO
1260
1261	lad_w(pch_index,:,:) = 0.0
1262	lad_w(nzt+1,:,:) = lad_w(nzt,:,:)
1263
1264	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_u, nbgp )
1265	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_v, nbgp )
1266	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_w, nbgp )
1267
1268	!
1269	!-- Initialisation of the canopy heat source distribution
1270	IF ( cthf /= 0.0 ) THEN
1271	!
1272	!-- Piecewise evaluation of the leaf area index by
1273	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1274	lai(:,:,:) = 0.0
1275	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1276	DO j = nysg, nyng
1277	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
1278	lai(k,j,i) = lai(k+1,j,i) + &
1279	( 0.5 * ( lad_w(k+1,j,i) + &
1280	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1281	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1282	( 0.5 * ( lad_w(k,j,i) + &
1283	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1284	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1285	ENDDO
1286	ENDDO
1287	ENDDO
1288
1289	!
1290	!-- Evaluation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
1291	!-- canopy
1292	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1293	DO j = nysg, nyng
1294	DO k = 0, pch_index
1295	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1296	exp( -0.6 * lai(k,j,i) )
1297	ENDDO
1298	ENDDO
1299	ENDDO
1300
1301	!
1302	!-- The near surface heat flux is derived from the heat flux
1303	!-- distribution within the canopy
1304	shf(:,:) = canopy_heat_flux(0,:,:)
1305
1306	IF ( ASSOCIATED( shf_m ) ) shf_m = shf
1307
1308	ENDIF
1309
1310	ENDIF
1311
1312	!
1313	!-- If required, initialize dvrp-software
1314	IF ( dt_dvrp /= 9999999.9 ) CALL init_dvrp
1315
1316	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1317	!
1318	!-- Initialize quantities needed for the ocean model
1319	CALL init_ocean
1320
1321	ELSE
1322	!
1323	!-- Initialize quantities for handling cloud physics
1324	!-- This routine must be called before init_particles, because
1325	!-- otherwise, array pt_d_t, needed in data_output_dvrp (called by
1326	!-- init_particles) is not defined.
1327	CALL init_cloud_physics
1328	ENDIF
1329
1330	!
1331	!-- If required, initialize particles
1332	IF ( particle_advection ) CALL init_particles
1333
1334	!
1335	!-- Initialize the ws-scheme.
1336	IF ( ws_scheme_sca .OR. ws_scheme_mom ) CALL ws_init
1337
1338	!
1339	!-- Setting weighting factors for right evaluation of perturbation pressure
1340	!-- and turbulent quantities during the RK substeps.
1341	IF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-3' ) THEN ! RK3
1342	weight_substep(1) = 0.166666666666666
1343	weight_substep(2) = 0.3
1344	weight_substep(3) = 0.533333333333333
1345
1346	weight_pres(1) = 0.333333333333333
1347	weight_pres(2) = 0.416666666666666
1348	weight_pres(3) = 0.25
1349	ELSEIF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-2' ) THEN ! RK2
1350	weight_substep(1) = 0.5
1351	weight_substep(2) = 0.5
1352
1353	weight_pres(1) = 0.5
1354	weight_pres(2) = 0.5
1355	ELSE ! Euler and Leapfrog
1356	weight_substep(1) = 1.0
1357	weight_pres(1) = 1.0
1358	ENDIF
1359
1360	!
1361	!-- Initialize Rayleigh damping factors
1362	rdf = 0.0
1363	IF ( rayleigh_damping_factor /= 0.0 ) THEN
1364	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
1365	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1366	IF ( zu(k) >= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1367	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1368	( SIN( pi * 0.5 * ( zu(k) - rayleigh_damping_height ) &
1369	/ ( zu(nzt) - rayleigh_damping_height ) )&
1370	)**2
1371	ENDIF
1372	ENDDO
1373	ELSE
1374	DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1
1375	IF ( zu(k) <= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1376	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1377	( SIN( pi * 0.5 * ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(k) ) &
1378	/ ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(nzb+1)))&
1379	)**2
1380	ENDIF
1381	ENDDO
1382	ENDIF
1383	ENDIF
1384
1385	!
1386	!-- Initialize the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
1387	!-- the external pressure gradient
1388	dp_smooth_factor = 1.0
1389	IF ( dp_external ) THEN
1390	!
1391	!-- Set the starting level dp_level_ind_b only if it has not been set before
1392	!-- (e.g. in init_grid).
1393	IF ( dp_level_ind_b == 0 ) THEN
1394	ind_array = MINLOC( ABS( dp_level_b - zu ) )
1395	dp_level_ind_b = ind_array(1) - 1 + nzb
1396	! MINLOC uses lower array bound 1
1397	ENDIF
1398	IF ( dp_smooth ) THEN
1399	dp_smooth_factor(:dp_level_ind_b) = 0.0
1400	DO k = dp_level_ind_b+1, nzt
1401	dp_smooth_factor(k) = 0.5 * ( 1.0 + SIN( pi * &
1402	( REAL( k - dp_level_ind_b ) / &
1403	REAL( nzt - dp_level_ind_b ) - 0.5 ) ) )
1404	ENDDO
1405	ENDIF
1406	ENDIF
1407
1408	!
1409	!-- Initialize diffusivities used within the outflow damping layer in case of
1410	!-- non-cyclic lateral boundaries. A linear increase is assumed over the first
1411	!-- half of the width of the damping layer
1412	IF ( bc_lr == 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
1413
1414	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1415	IF ( i >= nx - outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1416	km_damp_x(i) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1417	( i - ( nx - outflow_damping_width ) ) / &
1418	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1419	)
1420	ELSE
1421	km_damp_x(i) = 0.0
1422	ENDIF
1423	ENDDO
1424
1425	ELSEIF ( bc_lr == 'radiation/dirichlet' ) THEN
1426
1427	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1428	IF ( i <= outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1429	km_damp_x(i) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1430	( outflow_damping_width - i ) / &
1431	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1432	)
1433	ELSE
1434	km_damp_x(i) = 0.0
1435	ENDIF
1436	ENDDO
1437
1438	ENDIF
1439
1440	IF ( bc_ns == 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
1441
1442	DO j = nysg, nyng
1443	IF ( j >= ny - outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1444	km_damp_y(j) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1445	( j - ( ny - outflow_damping_width ) ) / &
1446	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1447	)
1448	ELSE
1449	km_damp_y(j) = 0.0
1450	ENDIF
1451	ENDDO
1452
1453	ELSEIF ( bc_ns == 'radiation/dirichlet' ) THEN
1454
1455	DO j = nysg, nyng
1456	IF ( j <= outflow_damping_width ) THEN
1457	km_damp_y(j) = km_damp_max * MIN( 1.0, &
1458	( outflow_damping_width - j ) / &
1459	REAL( outflow_damping_width/2 ) &
1460	)
1461	ELSE
1462	km_damp_y(j) = 0.0
1463	ENDIF
1464	ENDDO
1465
1466	ENDIF
1467
1468	!
1469	!-- Initialize local summation arrays for UP flow_statistics. This is necessary
1470	!-- because they may not yet have been initialized when they are called from
1471	!-- flow_statistics (or - depending on the chosen model run - are never
1472	!-- initialized)
1473	sums_divnew_l = 0.0
1474	sums_divold_l = 0.0
1475	sums_l_l = 0.0
1476	sums_up_fraction_l = 0.0
1477	sums_wsts_bc_l = 0.0
1478
1479	!
1480	!-- Pre-set masks for regional statistics. Default is the total model domain.
1481	rmask = 1.0
1482
1483	!
1484	!-- User-defined initializing actions. Check afterwards, if maximum number
1485	!-- of allowed timeseries is not exceeded
1486	CALL user_init
1487
1488	IF ( dots_num > dots_max ) THEN
1489	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'number of time series quantities exceeds', &
1490	' its maximum of dots_max = ', dots_max, &
1491	' &Please increase dots_max in modules.f90.'
1492	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0194', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1493	ENDIF
1494
1495	!
1496	!-- Input binary data file is not needed anymore. This line must be placed
1497	!-- after call of user_init!
1498	CALL close_file( 13 )
1499
1500	!
1501	!-- Compute total sum of active mask grid points
1502	!-- ngp_2dh: number of grid points of a horizontal cross section through the
1503	!-- total domain
1504	!-- ngp_3d: number of grid points of the total domain
1505	ngp_2dh_outer_l = 0
1506	ngp_2dh_outer = 0
1507	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l = 0
1508	ngp_2dh_s_inner = 0
1509	ngp_2dh_l = 0
1510	ngp_2dh = 0
1511	ngp_3d_inner_l = 0.0
1512	ngp_3d_inner = 0
1513	ngp_3d = 0
1514	ngp_sums = ( nz + 2 ) * ( pr_palm + max_pr_user )
1515
1516	DO sr = 0, statistic_regions
1517	DO i = nxl, nxr
1518	DO j = nys, nyn
1519	IF ( rmask(j,i,sr) == 1.0 ) THEN
1520	!
1521	!-- All xy-grid points
1522	ngp_2dh_l(sr) = ngp_2dh_l(sr) + 1
1523	!
1524	!-- xy-grid points above topography
1525	DO k = nzb_s_outer(j,i), nz + 1
1526	ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) + 1
1527	ENDDO
1528	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i), nz + 1
1529	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) + 1
1530	ENDDO
1531	!
1532	!-- All grid points of the total domain above topography
1533	ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) = ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) + &
1534	( nz - nzb_s_inner(j,i) + 2 )
1535	ENDIF
1536	ENDDO
1537	ENDDO
1538	ENDDO
1539
1540	sr = statistic_regions + 1
1541	#if defined( __parallel )
1542	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1543	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_l(0), ngp_2dh(0), sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, &
1544	comm2d, ierr )
1545	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1546	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_outer_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_outer(0,0), (nz+2)*sr, &
1547	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1548	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1549	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_s_inner(0,0), &
1550	(nz+2)*sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1551	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1552	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_3d_inner_l(0), ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
1553	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1554	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_tmp, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1555	#else
1556	ngp_2dh = ngp_2dh_l
1557	ngp_2dh_outer = ngp_2dh_outer_l
1558	ngp_2dh_s_inner = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
1559	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_l, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1560	#endif
1561
1562	ngp_3d = INT ( ngp_2dh, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) ) * &
1563	INT ( (nz + 2 ), KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
1564
1565	!
1566	!-- Set a lower limit of 1 in order to avoid zero divisions in flow_statistics,
1567	!-- buoyancy, etc. A zero value will occur for cases where all grid points of
1568	!-- the respective subdomain lie below the surface topography
1569	ngp_2dh_outer = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_outer(:,:) )
1570	ngp_3d_inner = MAX( INT(1, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 )), &
1571	ngp_3d_inner(:) )
1572	ngp_2dh_s_inner = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_s_inner(:,:) )
1573
1574	DEALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_l, ngp_2dh_outer_l, ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp )
1575
1576
1577	END SUBROUTINE init_3d_model

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