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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/diffusion_v.f90 @ 4782

Last change on this file since 4782 was 4674, checked in by pavelkrc, 4 years ago
Update ACC directives for downward facing USM and LSM surfaces
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 25.3 KB

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1	!> @file diffusion_v.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7	! (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
11	! Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: diffusion_v.f90 4674 2020-09-10 10:36:55Z gronemeier $
26	! Update ACC directives for downward facing USM and LSM surfaces
27	!
28	! 4671 2020-09-09 20:27:58Z pavelkrc
29	! Implementation of downward facing USM and LSM surfaces
30	!
31	! 4583 2020-06-29 12:36:47Z raasch
32	! file re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
33	!
34	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
35	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
36	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
37	!
38	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
39	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
40	!
41	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
42	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
43	!
44	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
45	! OpenACC port for SPEC
46	!
47	! Revision 1.1 1997/09/12 06:24:01 raasch
48	! Initial revision
49	!
50	!
51	! Description:
52	! ------------
53	!> Diffusion term of the v-component
54	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
55	MODULE diffusion_v_mod
56
57
58	PRIVATE
59	PUBLIC diffusion_v
60
61	INTERFACE diffusion_v
62	MODULE PROCEDURE diffusion_v
63	MODULE PROCEDURE diffusion_v_ij
64	END INTERFACE diffusion_v
65
66	CONTAINS
67
68
69	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
70	! Description:
71	! ------------
72	!> Call for all grid points
73	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
74	SUBROUTINE diffusion_v
75
76	USE arrays_3d, &
77	ONLY: ddzu, ddzw, drho_air, km, rho_air_zw, tend, u, v, w
78
79	USE control_parameters, &
80	ONLY: constant_top_momentumflux, use_surface_fluxes, use_top_fluxes
81
82	USE grid_variables, &
83	ONLY: ddx, ddy, ddy2
84
85	USE indices, &
86	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nyn, nysv, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
87
88	USE kinds
89
90	USE surface_mod, &
91	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
92
93	IMPLICIT NONE
94
95	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
96	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
97	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
98	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index of surface type, south- or north-facing wall
99	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
100	INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint
101	INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint
102
103	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
104	REAL(wp) :: kmxm !< diffusion coefficient on leftward side of the v-gridbox - interpolated onto xu-yv grid
105	REAL(wp) :: kmxp !< diffusion coefficient on rightward side of the v-gridbox - interpolated onto xu-yv grid
106	REAL(wp) :: kmzm !< diffusion coefficient on bottom of the gridbox - interpolated onto yv-zw grid
107	REAL(wp) :: kmzp !< diffusion coefficient on top of the gridbox - interpolated onto yv-zw grid
108	REAL(wp) :: mask_bottom !< flag to mask vertical upward-facing surface
109	REAL(wp) :: mask_east !< flag to mask vertical surface south of the grid point
110	REAL(wp) :: mask_west !< flag to mask vertical surface north of the grid point
111	REAL(wp) :: mask_top !< flag to mask vertical downward-facing surface
112
113	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP COLLAPSE(2) PRIVATE(i, j, k, l, m) &
114	!$ACC PRIVATE(surf_e, surf_s, flag, kmxm, kmxp, kmzm, kmzp) &
115	!$ACC PRIVATE(mask_bottom, mask_east, mask_west, mask_top) &
116	!$ACC PRESENT(wall_flags_total_0, km) &
117	!$ACC PRESENT(u, v, w) &
118	!$ACC PRESENT(ddzu, ddzw, drho_air, rho_air_zw) &
119	!$ACC PRESENT(surf_def_h(0:2), surf_def_v(2:3)) &
120	!$ACC PRESENT(surf_lsm_h(0:1), surf_lsm_v(2:3)) &
121	!$ACC PRESENT(surf_usm_h(0:1), surf_usm_v(2:3)) &
122	!$ACC PRESENT(tend)
123	DO i = nxl, nxr
124	DO j = nysv, nyn
125	!
126	!-- Compute horizontal diffusion
127	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
128
129	!
130	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography and wall-bounded grid points.
131	!-- It is sufficient to masked only east- and west-facing surfaces, which need special
132	!-- treatment for the v-component.
133	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
134	mask_east = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i+1), 2 ) )
135	mask_west = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i-1), 2 ) )
136	!
137	!-- Interpolate eddy diffusivities on staggered gridpoints
138	kmxp = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k,j,i+1)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k,j-1,i+1) )
139	kmxm = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k,j,i-1)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k,j-1,i-1) )
140
141	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( &
142	mask_east * kmxp * ( &
143	( v(k,j,i+1) - v(k,j,i) ) * ddx &
144	+ ( u(k,j,i+1) - u(k,j-1,i+1) ) * ddy &
145	) &
146	- mask_west * kmxm * ( &
147	( v(k,j,i) - v(k,j,i-1) ) * ddx &
148	+ ( u(k,j,i) - u(k,j-1,i) ) * ddy &
149	) &
150	) * ddx * flag &
151	+ 2.0_wp * ( &
152	km(k,j,i) * ( v(k,j+1,i) - v(k,j,i) ) &
153	- km(k,j-1,i) * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k,j-1,i) ) &
154	) * ddy2 * flag
155
156	ENDDO
157
158	!
159	!-- Add horizontal momentum flux v'u' at east- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces. Note,
160	!-- in the the flat case, loops won't be entered as start_index > end_index. Furtermore,
161	!-- note, no vertical natural surfaces so far.
162	!-- Default-type surfaces
163	DO l = 2, 3
164	surf_s = surf_def_v(l)%start_index(j,i)
165	surf_e = surf_def_v(l)%end_index(j,i)
166	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
167	k = surf_def_v(l)%k(m)
168	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + surf_def_v(l)%mom_flux_uv(m) * ddx
169	ENDDO
170	ENDDO
171	!
172	!-- Natural-type surfaces
173	DO l = 2, 3
174	surf_s = surf_lsm_v(l)%start_index(j,i)
175	surf_e = surf_lsm_v(l)%end_index(j,i)
176	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
177	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
178	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + surf_lsm_v(l)%mom_flux_uv(m) * ddx
179	ENDDO
180	ENDDO
181	!
182	!-- Urban-type surfaces
183	DO l = 2, 3
184	surf_s = surf_usm_v(l)%start_index(j,i)
185	surf_e = surf_usm_v(l)%end_index(j,i)
186	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
187	k = surf_usm_v(l)%k(m)
188	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + surf_usm_v(l)%mom_flux_uv(m) * ddx
189	ENDDO
190	ENDDO
191	!
192	!-- Compute vertical diffusion. In case of simulating a surface layer, respective grid
193	!-- diffusive fluxes are masked (flag 10) within this loop, and added further below, else,
194	!-- simple gradient approach is applied. Model top is also mask if top-momentum flux is
195	!-- given.
196	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
197	!
198	!-- Determine flags to mask topography below and above. Flag 2 is used to mask
199	!-- topography in general, while flag 8 implies also information about
200	!-- use_surface_fluxes. Flag 9 is used to control momentum flux at model top.
201	mask_bottom = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k-1,j,i), 8 ) )
202	mask_top = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k+1,j,i), 8 ) ) * &
203	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k+1,j,i), 9 ) )
204	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
205	!
206	!-- Interpolate eddy diffusivities on staggered gridpoints
207	kmzp = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k+1,j,i)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k+1,j-1,i) )
208	kmzm = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k-1,j,i)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k-1,j-1,i) )
209
210	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
211	& + ( kmzp * ( ( v(k+1,j,i) - v(k,j,i) ) * ddzu(k+1) &
212	& + ( w(k,j,i) - w(k,j-1,i) ) * ddy &
213	& ) * rho_air_zw(k) * mask_top &
214	& - kmzm * ( ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) * ddzu(k) &
215	& + ( w(k-1,j,i) - w(k-1,j-1,i) ) * ddy &
216	& ) * rho_air_zw(k-1) * mask_bottom &
217	& ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k) * flag
218	ENDDO
219
220	!
221	!-- Vertical diffusion at the first grid point above the surface, if the momentum flux at
222	!-- the bottom is given by the Prandtl law or if it is prescribed by the user.
223	!-- Difference quotient of the momentum flux is not formed over half of the grid spacing
224	!-- (2.0*ddzw(k)) any more, since the comparison with other (LES) models showed that the
225	!-- values of the momentum flux becomes too large in this case.
226	IF ( use_surface_fluxes ) THEN
227	!
228	!-- Default-type surfaces, upward-facing
229	surf_s = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
230	surf_e = surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
231	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
232	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
233
234	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
235	+ ( - ( - surf_def_h(0)%vsws(m) ) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
236	ENDDO
237	!
238	!-- Default-type surfaces, dowward-facing
239	surf_s = surf_def_h(1)%start_index(j,i)
240	surf_e = surf_def_h(1)%end_index(j,i)
241	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
242	k = surf_def_h(1)%k(m)
243
244	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
245	+ ( - surf_def_h(1)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
246	ENDDO
247	!
248	!-- Natural-type surfaces, upward-facing
249	surf_s = surf_lsm_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
250	surf_e = surf_lsm_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
251	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
252	k = surf_lsm_h(0)%k(m)
253
254	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
255	+ ( - ( - surf_lsm_h(0)%vsws(m) ) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
256
257	ENDDO
258	!
259	!-- Natural-type surfaces, downward-facing
260	surf_s = surf_lsm_h(1)%start_index(j,i)
261	surf_e = surf_lsm_h(1)%end_index(j,i)
262	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
263	k = surf_lsm_h(1)%k(m)
264
265	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
266	+ ( - surf_lsm_h(1)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
267
268	ENDDO
269	!
270	!-- Urban-type surfaces, upward-facing
271	surf_s = surf_usm_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
272	surf_e = surf_usm_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
273	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
274	k = surf_usm_h(0)%k(m)
275
276	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
277	+ ( - ( - surf_usm_h(0)%vsws(m) ) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
278
279	ENDDO
280	!
281	!-- Urban-type surfaces, downward-facing
282	surf_s = surf_usm_h(1)%start_index(j,i)
283	surf_e = surf_usm_h(1)%end_index(j,i)
284	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
285	k = surf_usm_h(1)%k(m)
286
287	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
288	+ ( - surf_usm_h(1)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
289
290	ENDDO
291	ENDIF
292	!
293	!-- Add momentum flux at model top
294	IF ( use_top_fluxes .AND. constant_top_momentumflux ) THEN
295	surf_s = surf_def_h(2)%start_index(j,i)
296	surf_e = surf_def_h(2)%end_index(j,i)
297	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
298
299	k = surf_def_h(2)%k(m)
300
301	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
302	+ ( - surf_def_h(2)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
303	ENDDO
304	ENDIF
305
306	ENDDO
307	ENDDO
308
309	END SUBROUTINE diffusion_v
310
311
312	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
313	! Description:
314	! ------------
315	!> Call for grid point i,j
316	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
317	SUBROUTINE diffusion_v_ij( i, j )
318
319	USE arrays_3d, &
320	ONLY: ddzu, ddzw, drho_air, km, tend, u, v, w, rho_air_zw
321
322	USE control_parameters, &
323	ONLY: constant_top_momentumflux, use_surface_fluxes, use_top_fluxes
324
325	USE grid_variables, &
326	ONLY: ddx, ddy, ddy2
327
328	USE indices, &
329	ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
330
331	USE kinds
332
333	USE surface_mod, &
334	ONLY : surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
335
336	IMPLICIT NONE
337
338
339	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction
340	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction
341	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction
342	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index of surface type, south- or north-facing wall
343	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
344	INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint
345	INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint
346
347	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
348	REAL(wp) :: kmxm !< diffusion coefficient on leftward side of the v-gridbox - interpolated onto xu-yv grid
349	REAL(wp) :: kmxp !< diffusion coefficient on rightward side of the v-gridbox - interpolated onto xu-yv grid
350	REAL(wp) :: kmzm !< diffusion coefficient on bottom of the gridbox - interpolated onto xu-zw grid
351	REAL(wp) :: kmzp !< diffusion coefficient on top of the gridbox - interpolated onto xu-zw grid
352	REAL(wp) :: mask_bottom !< flag to mask vertical upward-facing surface
353	REAL(wp) :: mask_east !< flag to mask vertical surface south of the grid point
354	REAL(wp) :: mask_west !< flag to mask vertical surface north of the grid point
355	REAL(wp) :: mask_top !< flag to mask vertical downward-facing surface
356
357	!
358	!-- Compute horizontal diffusion
359	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
360	!
361	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography and wall-bounded grid points.
362	!-- It is sufficient to masked only east- and west-facing surfaces, which need special
363	!-- treatment for the v-component.
364	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
365	mask_east = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i+1), 2 ) )
366	mask_west = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i-1), 2 ) )
367	!
368	!-- Interpolate eddy diffusivities on staggered gridpoints
369	kmxp = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k,j,i+1)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k,j-1,i+1) )
370	kmxm = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k,j,i-1)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k,j-1,i-1) )
371
372	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( &
373	mask_east * kmxp * ( &
374	( v(k,j,i+1) - v(k,j,i) ) * ddx &
375	+ ( u(k,j,i+1) - u(k,j-1,i+1) ) * ddy &
376	) &
377	- mask_west * kmxm * ( &
378	( v(k,j,i) - v(k,j,i-1) ) * ddx &
379	+ ( u(k,j,i) - u(k,j-1,i) ) * ddy &
380	) &
381	) * ddx * flag &
382	+ 2.0_wp * ( &
383	km(k,j,i) * ( v(k,j+1,i) - v(k,j,i) ) &
384	- km(k,j-1,i) * ( v(k,j,i) - v(k,j-1,i) ) &
385	) * ddy2 * flag
386	ENDDO
387
388	!
389	!-- Add horizontal momentum flux v'u' at east- (l=2) and west-facing (l=3) surfaces. Note, in the
390	!-- the flat case, loops won't be entered as start_index > end_index. Furtermore, note, no
391	!-- vertical natural surfaces so far.
392	!-- Default-type surfaces
393	DO l = 2, 3
394	surf_s = surf_def_v(l)%start_index(j,i)
395	surf_e = surf_def_v(l)%end_index(j,i)
396	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
397	k = surf_def_v(l)%k(m)
398	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + surf_def_v(l)%mom_flux_uv(m) * ddx
399	ENDDO
400	ENDDO
401	!
402	!-- Natural-type surfaces
403	DO l = 2, 3
404	surf_s = surf_lsm_v(l)%start_index(j,i)
405	surf_e = surf_lsm_v(l)%end_index(j,i)
406	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
407	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
408	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + surf_lsm_v(l)%mom_flux_uv(m) * ddx
409	ENDDO
410	ENDDO
411	!
412	!-- Urban-type surfaces
413	DO l = 2, 3
414	surf_s = surf_usm_v(l)%start_index(j,i)
415	surf_e = surf_usm_v(l)%end_index(j,i)
416	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
417	k = surf_usm_v(l)%k(m)
418	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + surf_usm_v(l)%mom_flux_uv(m) * ddx
419	ENDDO
420	ENDDO
421	!
422	!-- Compute vertical diffusion. In case of simulating a surface layer, respective grid diffusive
423	!-- fluxes are masked (flag 8) within this loop, and added further below, else, simple gradient
424	!-- approach is applied. Model top is also mask if top-momentum flux is given.
425	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
426	!
427	!-- Determine flags to mask topography below and above. Flag 2 is used to mask topography in
428	!-- general, while flag 10 implies also information about use_surface_fluxes. Flag 9 is used
429	!-- to control momentum flux at model top.
430	mask_bottom = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k-1,j,i), 8 ) )
431	mask_top = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k+1,j,i), 8 ) ) * &
432	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k+1,j,i), 9 ) )
433	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
434	!
435	!-- Interpolate eddy diffusivities on staggered gridpoints
436	kmzp = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k+1,j,i)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k+1,j-1,i) )
437	kmzm = 0.25_wp * ( km(k,j,i)+km(k-1,j,i)+km(k,j-1,i)+km(k-1,j-1,i) )
438
439	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) &
440	& + ( kmzp * ( ( v(k+1,j,i) - v(k,j,i) ) * ddzu(k+1) &
441	& + ( w(k,j,i) - w(k,j-1,i) ) * ddy &
442	& ) * rho_air_zw(k) * mask_top &
443	& - kmzm * ( ( v(k,j,i) - v(k-1,j,i) ) * ddzu(k) &
444	& + ( w(k-1,j,i) - w(k-1,j-1,i) ) * ddy &
445	& ) * rho_air_zw(k-1) * mask_bottom &
446	& ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k) * flag
447	ENDDO
448
449	!
450	!-- Vertical diffusion at the first grid point above the surface, if the momentum flux at the
451	!-- bottom is given by the Prandtl law or if it is prescribed by the user.
452	!-- Difference quotient of the momentum flux is not formed over half of the grid spacing
453	!-- (2.0*ddzw(k)) any more, since the comparison with other (LES) models showed that the values
454	!-- of the momentum flux becomes too large in this case.
455	IF ( use_surface_fluxes ) THEN
456	!
457	!-- Default-type surfaces, upward-facing
458	surf_s = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
459	surf_e = surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
460	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
461	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
462
463	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - ( - surf_def_h(0)%vsws(m) ) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
464	ENDDO
465	!
466	!-- Default-type surfaces, dowward-facing
467	surf_s = surf_def_h(1)%start_index(j,i)
468	surf_e = surf_def_h(1)%end_index(j,i)
469	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
470	k = surf_def_h(1)%k(m)
471
472	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - surf_def_h(1)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
473	ENDDO
474	!
475	!-- Natural-type surfaces, upward-facing
476	surf_s = surf_lsm_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
477	surf_e = surf_lsm_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
478	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
479	k = surf_lsm_h(0)%k(m)
480
481	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - ( - surf_lsm_h(0)%vsws(m) ) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
482
483	ENDDO
484	!
485	!-- Natural-type surfaces, downward-facing
486	surf_s = surf_lsm_h(1)%start_index(j,i)
487	surf_e = surf_lsm_h(1)%end_index(j,i)
488	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
489	k = surf_lsm_h(1)%k(m)
490
491	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - surf_lsm_h(1)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
492
493	ENDDO
494	!
495	!-- Urban-type surfaces, upward-facing
496	surf_s = surf_usm_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
497	surf_e = surf_usm_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
498	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
499	k = surf_usm_h(0)%k(m)
500
501	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - ( - surf_usm_h(0)%vsws(m) ) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
502
503	ENDDO
504	!
505	!-- Urban-type surfaces, downward-facing
506	surf_s = surf_usm_h(1)%start_index(j,i)
507	surf_e = surf_usm_h(1)%end_index(j,i)
508	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
509	k = surf_usm_h(1)%k(m)
510
511	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - surf_usm_h(1)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
512
513	ENDDO
514	ENDIF
515	!
516	!-- Add momentum flux at model top
517	IF ( use_top_fluxes .AND. constant_top_momentumflux ) THEN
518	surf_s = surf_def_h(2)%start_index(j,i)
519	surf_e = surf_def_h(2)%end_index(j,i)
520	DO m = surf_s, surf_e
521
522	k = surf_def_h(2)%k(m)
523
524	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - surf_def_h(2)%vsws(m) ) * ddzw(k) * drho_air(k)
525	ENDDO
526	ENDIF
527
528	END SUBROUTINE diffusion_v_ij
529
530	END MODULE diffusion_v_mod

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