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| 3 | <meta http-equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><title>PALM |
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| 4 | chapter 5.0</title> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="StarOffice 7 (Win32)"> <meta name="AUTHOR" content="Siegfried Raasch"> <meta name="CREATED" content="20041103;12380720"> <meta name="CHANGED" content="20041123;15532356"> <meta name="KEYWORDS" content="parallel LES model"> <style> |
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| 8 | </style></head> |
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| 9 | <body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US"><h2 style="line-height: 100%;"><font size="4">5.0 |
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| 10 | Installation of the |
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| 11 | model</font></h2> |
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| 12 | <font color="#000000">This chapter |
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| 13 | describes the installation of PALM on a Linux workstation (local host) |
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| 14 | and a suitable remote computer, on which the |
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| 15 | model runs are to be carried out. The local host is used to |
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| 16 | start batch jobs with <b>mrun</b> and to analyze the |
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| 17 | results |
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| 18 | which are produced by the model on the remote host and send back to the |
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| 19 | local host. Alternatively, <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> |
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| 20 | can also be used to start PALM on the local host in interactive mode or |
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| 21 | as a batch job.</font><p style="line-height: 100%;"></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">Requirements</span></font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The |
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| 22 | installation and operation of PALM requires at mimimum (on both, the |
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| 23 | local and the remote host, unless stated otherwise):</font></p><ol><li><font color="#000000">The AT&T Korn-shell (ksh) must be |
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| 24 | available under<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> </span></font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">/bin/ksh</font><font color="#000000">. |
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| 25 | Most of the current Linux distributions are using the public domain |
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| 26 | Korn-shell (pdksh). The PALM scripts <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">mbuild</span> do not work |
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| 27 | with the pdksh! Please replace it by the AT&T ksh. If the |
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| 28 | AT&T ksh path is different from<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> </span></font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">/bin/ksh</font><font color="#000000">, |
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| 29 | please modify the first lines in <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> |
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| 30 | and <span style="font-weight: bold;">mbuild</span>, |
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| 31 | respectively.</font></li><li><font color="#000000">The |
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| 32 | NetCDF-library with version number not earlier than 3.6.0-p1 (for |
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| 33 | NetCDF, see under <a href="http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/">www.unidata.ucar.edu</a>).</font></li><li><font color="#000000">A FORTRAN90/95 compiler.</font></li><li><font color="#000000">The Message Passing Interface (MPI), at |
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| 34 | least on the remote host, if the parallel version of PALM shall be used.</font></li><li><font color="#000000">On the local host, the revision control |
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| 35 | system <span style="font-weight: bold;">subversion</span> |
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| 36 | (see <a href="http://subversion.tigris.org/">subversion.tigris.org</a>). |
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| 37 | This is already included in many Linux distributions (e.g. SuSe). <span style="font-weight: bold;">subversion requires port 3690 to |
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| 38 | be open for tcp/udp.</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">If |
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| 39 | there are firewall restrictions concerning this port, the PALM code |
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| 40 | cannot be accessed.</span> The |
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| 41 | user needs a permit to access the PALM repository. For getting a permit |
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| 42 | please contact the PALM group (<a href="mailto:raasch@muk.uni-hannover.de">raasch@muk.uni-hannover.de</a>) |
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| 43 | and define a username under which you like to access the repository. |
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| 44 | You will then receive a password which allows the access under this |
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| 45 | name.</font></li><li><font color="#000000">A |
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| 46 | job queueing system must be available on the remote host. Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> can handle |
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| 47 | LoadLeveler (IBM-AIX) and NQS/PBS (Linux-Clusters, NEC-SX).</font></li><li><font color="#000000">ssh/scp-connections to and from the remote |
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| 48 | host must not be blocked by a firewall.<br></font></li></ol><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></font><font color="#000000"> Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> is configured |
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| 49 | to be used on a limited number of selected machines. These are |
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| 50 | IBM-Regatta at computing center HLRN in Hannover (<span style="font-style: italic;">ibmh</span>), Berlin (<span style="font-style: italic;">ibmb</span>), at KISTI, |
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| 51 | Korea (<span style="font-style: italic;">ibms</span>), |
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| 52 | at Yonsei University, Seoul (<span style="font-style: italic;">ibms</span>), |
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| 53 | on NEC-SX6/8 systems at DKRZ, Hamburg (<span style="font-style: italic;">nech</span>) and RIAM, |
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| 54 | Kyushu University, Fukuoka (<span style="font-style: italic;">neck</span>), |
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| 55 | as well as on the Linux cluster of IMUK (<span style="font-style: italic;">lcmuk</span>) and Tokyo |
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| 56 | Institute of Technology (<span style="font-style: italic;">lctit</span>). |
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| 57 | The strings given in brackets are the systems names under which <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> indentifies the |
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| 58 | different hosts. mrun should also work on other systems, but this |
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| 59 | requires some modifications in the scripts <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">mbuild</span>, and <span style="font-weight: bold;">subjob</span>. Future PALM |
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| 60 | versions will allow to configure the scripts for different kinds of |
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| 61 | systems by just using a configuration file.</font><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The |
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| 62 | examples given in this chapter refer to an |
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| 63 | installation of PALM on an IMUK Linux workstation and the IBM-Regatta |
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| 64 | system of |
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| 65 | the HLRN used as remote host. They are just called local and |
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| 66 | remote host from now on. </font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"> |
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| 67 | </p><p style="line-height: 100%;">The installation |
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| 68 | process requires a valid |
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| 69 | account on the local and on the remote host as well.<br> |
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| 70 | </p> |
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| 71 | <ul> All hosts (local as well as remote) are |
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| 72 | accessed via the secure shell (ssh). The user must establish |
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| 73 | passwordless login using the private/public-key mechanism (see e.g. the |
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| 74 | <a href="http://www.hlrn.de/doc/ssh/index.html">HLRN |
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| 75 | documentation</a>). <b>To ensure proper function of mrun, |
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| 76 | passwordless login must be |
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| 77 | established in both directions, from the local to the remote host as |
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| 78 | well as from the remote to the local host!</b> Test this by |
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| 79 | carrying |
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| 80 | out e.g. on the local host: <p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"> |
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| 81 | </span><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">ssh |
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| 82 | <username on remote host>@<remote |
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| 83 | IP-address></span><br> </p> <p style="line-height: 100%;">and on the remote host:<br> |
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| 84 | </p> <p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"> |
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| 85 | </span><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">ssh |
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| 86 | <username on local host>@<local IP-adddress></span><br> |
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| 87 | </p> In both cases you should not be |
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| 88 | prompted for a password. <b>Before continuing the further |
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| 89 | installation |
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| 90 | process, this must be absolutely guaranteed!</b> This must also |
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| 91 | be |
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| 92 | guaranteed for <b>all</b> other remote hosts, on which |
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| 93 | PALM shall run. |
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| 94 | </ul><p style="line-height: 100%;"></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">Package |
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| 95 | Installation</span></p><p style="line-height: 100%;">In |
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| 96 | the <b>first installation step</b> a |
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| 97 | set of directories must be created both on the local and on the |
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| 98 | remote host. These directories are:</p><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">~/job_queue<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">~/palm<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">~/palm/current_version<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">~/palm/current_version/JOBS</span><br></div><p style="line-height: 100%;">The names of these directories |
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| 99 | are |
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| 100 | freely selectable (except <tt><font size="2">~/job_queue</font></tt>), |
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| 101 | however new users should use them as suggested, since many |
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| 102 | examples in this documentation as well as all example files are |
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| 103 | assuming these settings. The directory <span style="font-family: monospace;">~/palm/current_version</span> |
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| 104 | on the local host will be called the working directory from now on. </p> |
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| 105 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">In |
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| 106 | the <b>second |
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| 107 | step</b> |
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| 108 | a working copy of the recent version of the PALM software package, |
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| 109 | including the source code, scripts, documentation, etc. must |
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| 110 | be |
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| 111 | copied to the working directory (</font><font color="#000000">local |
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| 112 | host!) by executing the following |
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| 113 | commands. Replace <your username> by the name that you |
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| 114 | chose to |
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| 115 | access the repository, and <#> by any of the available |
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| 116 | PALM |
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| 117 | releases, e.g. "<span style="font-style: italic;">3.1c</span>" |
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| 118 | (new releases will be anounced by email to the PALM mailing list).</font></p><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">cd |
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| 119 | ~/palm/current_version</span><br style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">svn |
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| 120 | checkout --username <your username> |
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| 121 | svn://130.75.105.45/palm/tags/release-<#> trunk</span><br></div><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">You |
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| 122 | will then be prompted for your password. After finishing, the |
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| 123 | subdirectory</font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000"> trunk </font><font color="#000000">should |
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| 124 | appear in your working directory. It contains a number of further |
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| 125 | subdirectories which contain e.g. the PALM source code (</font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">SOURCE</font><font color="#000000">) |
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| 126 | and the scripts for running PALM (</font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">SCRIPTS</font><font color="#000000">).</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Alternatively, executing</p><pre style="line-height: 100%; margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">svn checkout --username <your username> svn://130.75.105.45/palm/tags/release-<#> abcde</pre><p style="line-height: 100%;">will place your working copy in a |
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| 127 | directory named<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> abcde </span>instead |
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| 128 | of a directory named<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> trunk</span>. |
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| 129 | But keep in mind that you will have to adjust several paths given |
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| 130 | below, if you do not use the default directory<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> trunk</span>.</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Please never touch any file in |
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| 131 | your working copy of PALM, unless you know exactly what you |
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| 132 | are doing.</p><p style="line-height: 100%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">You can also get a copy of the |
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| 133 | most recent code by executing</span></p><pre style="line-height: 100%; margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">svn checkout --username <your username> svn://130.75.105.45/palm/trunk trunk</pre>However, |
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| 134 | this version may contain bugs and new features may not be documented. <span style="font-weight: bold;">In future PALM releases, |
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| 135 | repository access to this most recent version will |
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| 136 | probably be restricted to the PALM developers.</span><p style="line-height: 100%;"></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">Package |
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| 137 | Configuration</span></font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">To |
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| 138 | use the PALM scripts, the PATH variable has to be extended and the |
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| 139 | environment variable PALM_BIN has to be set (on local and remote host) |
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| 140 | in the respective profile of the users default shell (e.g. in<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> .profile</span>, |
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| 141 | if<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> |
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| 142 | ksh </span>is used):</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-left: 40px;"><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">export |
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| 143 | PATH=$HOME/palm/current_version/trunk/SCRIPTS:$PATH</font><font color="#000000"><br><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">export |
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| 144 | PALM_BIN=</span></font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">$HOME/palm/current_version/trunk/SCRIPTS</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">You |
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| 145 | may habe to login again in order to activate these settings.</font></p><font color="#000000">On the local and on the remote host, some |
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| 146 | small helper/utility programs have to be installed, which are e.g. |
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| 147 | later used by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> |
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| 148 | or for PALM data postprocessing. The installation is done by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mbuild</span>. This script |
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| 149 | requires a configuration file<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> |
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| 150 | .mrun.config</span>, which will be also used by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> in the |
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| 151 | following. A copy has to be put into the working directory under the |
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| 152 | name<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> |
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| 153 | .mrun.config </span>by</font><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-left: 40px;"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">cp |
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| 154 | trunk/SCRIPTS/.mrun.config.default .mrun.config</span></font></p><font color="#000000">Beside many other things, this file contains |
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| 155 | typical installation parameters |
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| 156 | like compiler name, compiler options, etc. |
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| 157 | for a set of different remote hosts. Please edit this file, uncomment |
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| 158 | lines like</font><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">#%remote_username |
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| 159 | <replace by your ... username> |
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| 160 | <remote-computer-shortcut></div><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">by |
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| 161 | removing the first hash (<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">#</span>) |
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| 162 | character and replace the string "<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><replace |
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| 163 | by ...></span>" by your username on the respective host |
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| 164 | given in the <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><remote-computer-shortcut></span>. |
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| 165 | You only have to uncomment lines for those hosts on which you intend to |
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| 166 | use PALM.</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">After modifying the configuration file, the |
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| 167 | respective executables are generated by executing</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><font color="#000000">mbuild -u -h lcmuk<br>mbuild -u -h ibmh</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The |
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| 168 | second call also copies the PALM scripts like <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">mbuild</span> to the remote |
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| 169 | host.</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">Pre-Compilation |
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| 170 | of PALM Code</span></font></p><font color="#000000"> |
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| 171 | </font><br><font color="#000000">To avoid the |
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| 172 | re-compilation of the complete source code for each model run, PALM |
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| 173 | willl be pre-compiled once on the remote host by again using the script |
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| 174 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">mbuild</span>. Due |
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| 175 | to the use of |
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| 176 | FORTRAN modules in the source code, the subroutines must be compiled |
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| 177 | in a certain order. Therefore the so-called <i>make</i> |
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| 178 | mechanism |
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| 179 | is used (see the respective man-page of the Unix operating system), |
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| 180 | requiring a<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> |
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| 181 | </span></font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">Makefile</font><font color="#000000">, |
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| 182 | in which the dependencies are described. This file is found in |
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| 183 | subdirectory <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">trunk/SOURCE<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;">, where |
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| 184 | also the PALM code is stored</span></span>. The compiled |
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| 185 | sources (object |
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| 186 | files) are |
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| 187 | stored on the remote computer in the default directory |
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| 188 | </font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">~/palm/current_version/MAKE_DEPOSITORY</font>.<font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></font><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The |
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| 189 | pre-compilation for the remote host (here the IBM-Regatta of HLRN) is |
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| 190 | done by</font><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">mbuild |
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| 191 | -h ibmh </span></div><p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">mbuild |
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| 192 | </span>will prompt some queries<font color="#000000">, |
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| 193 | which must all be |
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| 194 | answered "y" by the user. The compiling process </font><font color="#000000">will take some time.<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> </span></font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">mbuild</font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> </span>transfers |
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| 195 | the respective compiler calls to the remote |
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| 196 | host where they are carried out interactively. You can follow the |
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| 197 | progress at the terminal window, where also error messages |
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| 198 | are displayed (hopefully not for this standard installation). By just |
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| 199 | entering </font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"> |
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| 200 | </p><blockquote style="line-height: 100%; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><font color="#000000">mbuild</font></blockquote> |
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| 201 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">PALM |
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| 202 | will |
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| 203 | be (consecutively) pre-compiled for all remote hosts listed in |
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| 204 | the configuration file. If you want to compile for the local host only, |
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| 205 | please enter</font></p><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-left: 40px;"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">mbuild |
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| 206 | -h lcmuk</span> </font> |
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| 207 | </p><p style="line-height: 100%;"></p><p style="line-height: 100%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><font color="#000000">Installation Verification</font></p><font color="#000000">As a last step, |
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| 208 | after the compilation has been finished, the PALM installation has to |
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| 209 | be verified. For this |
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| 210 | purpose a simple test run is carried out. This once again requires the <b>mrun |
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| 211 | </b>configuration file (described in </font><a href="chapter_3.2.html"><font color="#000080">chapter |
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| 212 | 3.2</font></a><font color="#000000">), as well |
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| 213 | as the </font><a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/INSTALL/example_p3d"><font color="#000080">parameter |
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| 214 | file</font></a><font color="#000000"> |
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| 215 | (described in </font><a href="chapter_4.4.html"><font color="#000080">chapter |
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| 216 | 4.4</font></a>)<font color="#000000">. The |
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| 217 | parameter file must be |
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| 218 | copied from the PALM working copy by<br> |
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| 219 | </font><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">mkdir -p JOBS/example/INPUT<br>cp |
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| 220 | trunk/INSTALL/example_p3d JOBS/example/INPUT/example_p3d</font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"></span></font></div> |
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| 221 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The |
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| 222 | test run can |
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| 223 | now be started by executing the command </font> |
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| 224 | </p><pre style="margin-left: 1cm; margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm; line-height: 100%; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><font color="#000000">mrun -d example -h ibmh -K parallel -X 8 -T 8 -t 500 -q cdev -r “d3# pr#”</font></pre> |
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| 225 | <font color="#000000">This specific run |
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| 226 | will be carried out on 8 PEs and is allowed to use up to 500 seconds |
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| 227 | CPU time. After pressing <return>, the most important |
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| 228 | settings of |
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| 229 | the job are displayed at the terminal window |
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| 230 | and the user is prompted for o.k. (“</font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">y</font><font color="#000000">”). |
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| 231 | Next, a message of the queuing system like “<i>Request</i> |
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| 232 | … |
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| 233 | <i>Submitted to queue… by…” </i>should |
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| 234 | be displayed. Now the job is |
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| 235 | queued and either started immediately or at a later time, depending on |
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| 236 | the |
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| 237 | current workload of the remote host. Provided that it is executed |
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| 238 | immediately and that all things work as designed, the job protocol of |
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| 239 | this run will appear under the file name<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> </span></font><font style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;" color="#000000">~/job_queue/ibmh_example</font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> </span>no |
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| 240 | more than a few minutes later. The content of this |
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| 241 | file should be carefully examined for any error messages.</font><p style="line-height: 100%;"> |
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| 242 | </p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Beside the job |
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| 243 | protocol and according to |
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| 244 | the configuration file and arguments given for <b>mrun</b> |
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| 245 | options<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> |
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| 246 | -d </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> -r</span><tt>,</tt>further |
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| 247 | files should be found in |
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| 248 | the |
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| 249 | directories</p><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">~/palm/current_version/JOBS/example/MONITORING</div><p style="line-height: 100%;">and</p> |
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| 250 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"> |
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| 251 | </span><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">~/palm/current_version/JOBS/example/OUTPUT</span><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span><br> |
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| 252 | </p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Please compare the |
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| 253 | contents of file</p> |
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| 254 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"> |
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| 255 | </span><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">~/palm/current_version/JOBS/example/MONITORING/ibmh_example_rc</span><br> |
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| 256 | </p><p style="line-height: 100%;">with those of the |
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| 257 | example result file which can be found under<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> |
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| 258 | trunk/INSTALL/example_rc</span>., e.g. by using the<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> standard</span> |
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| 259 | diff </span>command:</p><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-left: 40px; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">diff |
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| 260 | JOBS/example/MONITORING/ibmh_example_rc |
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| 261 | trunk/INSTALL/example_rc</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">where |
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| 262 | it is assumed that your working directory is<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> |
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| 263 | ~/palm/current_version</span>.</p><span style="font-weight: bold;">You should not find any |
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| 264 | difference between these two files</span>, except of the run date |
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| 265 | and time displayed at the top of the file header. <font color="#000000">If |
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| 266 | the file contents are identical, the installation is successfully |
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| 267 | completed.</font> |
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| 268 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">If you have any problems |
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| 269 | with the PALM |
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| 270 | installation, the members of the PALM working group are pleased to |
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| 271 | help you. </p> |
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| 272 | <hr><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_4.6.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="Inhaltsverzeichnis.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_5.1.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font></p> |
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| 273 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><i>Last |
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| 274 | change: </i> $Id: chapter_5.0.html 62 2007-03-13 02:52:40Z raasch $</p> |
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| 275 | </body></html> |
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