| 1 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> |
|---|
| 2 | <html><head> |
|---|
| 3 | <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" http-equiv="CONTENT-TYPE"><title>PALM chapter 4.4</title> |
|---|
| 4 | <meta content="StarOffice 7 (Win32)" name="GENERATOR"> |
|---|
| 5 | <meta content="Siegfried Raasch" name="AUTHOR"> <meta content="20041013;13430732" name="CREATED"> <meta content="20041117;11162734" name="CHANGED"> <meta content="parallel LES model" name="KEYWORDS"> <style> |
|---|
| 6 | <!-- |
|---|
| 7 | @page { size: 21cm 29.7cm } |
|---|
| 8 | --> |
|---|
| 9 | </style></head> |
|---|
| 10 | <body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US"><h3 style="line-height: 100%;">4.4.1 A minimum |
|---|
| 11 | parameter set for the CBL</h3> |
|---|
| 12 | |
|---|
| 13 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">In this chapter a brief, |
|---|
| 14 | simple and |
|---|
| 15 | complete parameter set is described, which can be used to simulate a quasi-stationary, |
|---|
| 16 | convective, atmospheric boundary layer with <font color="#000000">zero |
|---|
| 17 | mean horizontal |
|---|
| 18 | wind.</font> For evaluation purposes, cross sections and |
|---|
| 19 | horizontally averaged vertical |
|---|
| 20 | profiles of typical boundary layer variables |
|---|
| 21 | are output at the end of the run. The run shall be carried out in |
|---|
| 22 | batch mode on the IBM Regatta "hanni" of the HLRN.</p> |
|---|
| 23 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">The parameter file necessary |
|---|
| 24 | to carry |
|---|
| 25 | out a run must be provided to the model as an input file under the |
|---|
| 26 | local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN">PARIN</a> |
|---|
| 27 | and has the following contents:</p> |
|---|
| 28 | <pre style="line-height: 100%;">&inipar <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">39</span>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">39</span>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz">nz</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">40</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz">dz</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1200.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperton-algorithm'</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ug_surface">ug_surface</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#vg_surface">vg_surface</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">800.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">0.1</span>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>,/<br><br>&d3par <a href="chapter_4.2.html#end_time">end_time</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">150.0</span>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_energy_limit">disturbance_energy_limit</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">0.01</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xz'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xz_av'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xz'</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">900.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">900.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">10.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy">section_xy</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">2</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xz">section_xz</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">20</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">900.0</span>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">600.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">10.0</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'#pt'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w”pt”'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w*pt*'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'wpt'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w*2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt*2'</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">' pt '</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">' w"pt" w*pt* wpt '</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">' w*2 '</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">' pt*2 '</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_xtext">cross_xtext</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'pot. temperature in K'</span>,<br> <span style="font-style: italic;">'heat flux in K ms>->1'</span>,<br> <span style="font-style: italic;">'velocity variance in m>2s>->2'</span>,<br> <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperature variance in K>2'</span>,<br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#z_max_do1d">z_max_do1d</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1500.0</span>, /</pre> |
|---|
| 29 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">The initialization |
|---|
| 30 | parameters (<tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">&inipar</font></tt>) |
|---|
| 31 | are located at the beginning of the file. For analysis of a |
|---|
| 32 | convective boundary layer of approx. 1000 m thickness the horizontal |
|---|
| 33 | size of the model domain should amount to at least 2 km x 2 km. In |
|---|
| 34 | order to resolve the convective structures a grid spacing of <b>dx</b> |
|---|
| 35 | = |
|---|
| 36 | <b>dy</b> = <b>dz</b> = <i>50 m</i> |
|---|
| 37 | is enough, since the typical |
|---|
| 38 | diameter of convective plumes is more than 100 m. Thereby the |
|---|
| 39 | upper array index in the two horizontal directions needs to be <b>nx</b> |
|---|
| 40 | = <b>ny</b> = <i>39</i>. <font color="#000000">Since in |
|---|
| 41 | each case the lower array index has the value 0, 40 grid points are |
|---|
| 42 | used along both horizontal directions.</font> In the vertical |
|---|
| 43 | direction |
|---|
| 44 | the domain must be high enough to include the entrainment processes at |
|---|
| 45 | the top of the boundary layer as well as the propagation of gravity |
|---|
| 46 | waves, which were stimulated by |
|---|
| 47 | the convection. However, in the stably stratified region the grid |
|---|
| 48 | resolution has not necessarily to be as high as within the boundary |
|---|
| 49 | layer. This can be obtained by a vertical stretching of the grid |
|---|
| 50 | starting |
|---|
| 51 | from 1200 m via <b>dz_stretch_level</b> = <i>1200.0 |
|---|
| 52 | m.</i> This saves |
|---|
| 53 | grid points and computing time. <font color="#800000">T</font><font color="#000000">he |
|---|
| 54 | upper boundary of the model is located at (see </font><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor"><font color="#000000">dz_stretch_factor</font></a><font color="#000000">) |
|---|
| 55 | … m (computed by the model)</font>.</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Fast Fourier transformations are |
|---|
| 56 | calculated using the Temperton-algorithm, which -on the IBM Regatta- is |
|---|
| 57 | faster than the default system-specific algorithm (from IBM essl |
|---|
| 58 | library).</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">The |
|---|
| 59 | initial profiles for |
|---|
| 60 | wind and temperature can be assigned via <b>initializing_actions</b> |
|---|
| 61 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>. |
|---|
| 62 | The wind speed, constant with |
|---|
| 63 | height, amounts to <b>ug_surface</b> = <b>vg_surface</b> |
|---|
| 64 | = <i>0.0 m/s</i>. In order |
|---|
| 65 | to allow for a fast onset of convection, a neutral stratified layer up |
|---|
| 66 | to z |
|---|
| 67 | = 800 m capped by an inversion with dtheta/dz = 1K/100 m is given: |
|---|
| 68 | <b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> = <i>0.0, 1.0</i>, |
|---|
| 69 | <b>pt_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>0.0, 800.0.</i> |
|---|
| 70 | The surface |
|---|
| 71 | temperature, which by default amounts to 300 K, provides the fixed |
|---|
| 72 | point for the temperature profile (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>). |
|---|
| 73 | Convection is driven by a given, near-surface sensible heat flux via <b>surface_heatflux</b> |
|---|
| 74 | = <i>0.1 K m/s.</i> A given surface sensible heta flux |
|---|
| 75 | requires the |
|---|
| 76 | bottom boundary condition for potential temperature to be <b>bc_pt_b</b> |
|---|
| 77 | = |
|---|
| 78 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> . |
|---|
| 79 | Thus |
|---|
| 80 | all initialization parameters are determined. These can not be |
|---|
| 81 | changed during the run (also not for restart runs). </p> |
|---|
| 82 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">Now the run parameters (<tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">&d3par</font></tt>) |
|---|
| 83 | must be specified. To produce a quasi stationary boundary layer the |
|---|
| 84 | simulated time should be at least one hour, i.e. <b>end_time</b> |
|---|
| 85 | = <i>3600 |
|---|
| 86 | s.</i> To stimulate convection, the initially homogeneous (zero) |
|---|
| 87 | wind |
|---|
| 88 | field must be disturbed (<b>create_disturbances</b> = <i>.T.</i>). |
|---|
| 89 | These perturbations should be repeated in a temporal interval of |
|---|
| 90 | <b>dt_disturb</b> = <i>150.0 s</i> until the |
|---|
| 91 | energy of the |
|---|
| 92 | perturbations exceeds the value <b>disturbance_energy_limit</b> |
|---|
| 93 | = 0.<i>01 |
|---|
| 94 | m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup></i>. After |
|---|
| 95 | each time step run time |
|---|
| 96 | informations (e.g. size of the timestep, maximum velocities, etc.) are |
|---|
| 97 | to be written to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a> |
|---|
| 98 | (<b>dt_run_control</b> = <i>0.0 s</i>).</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Instantaneous cross section data |
|---|
| 99 | of vertical velocity (<span style="font-style: italic;">w</span>) |
|---|
| 100 | and potential temperature (<span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span>) |
|---|
| 101 | are to be output for horizontal (<span style="font-style: italic;">xy</span>) |
|---|
| 102 | and vertical (<span style="font-style: italic;">xz</span>) |
|---|
| 103 | cross sections, and additionally, time averaged (<span style="font-style: italic;">av</span>) vertical cross |
|---|
| 104 | section data are to be output for the vertical velocity: <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xz'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xz_av'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xz'</span>. Output of |
|---|
| 105 | instantaneous (time averaged) data is done after each 900 (1800)s: <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">900.0</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>. The |
|---|
| 106 | averaged data are time averaged over the last 900.0 s, where the |
|---|
| 107 | temporal interval of data entering the average is 10 s: <span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span> = |
|---|
| 108 | <span style="font-style: italic;">900.0</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span> = |
|---|
| 109 | <span style="font-style: italic;">10.0</span>. |
|---|
| 110 | Horizontal cross sections are output for vertical levels with grid |
|---|
| 111 | index k=2 and k=10, vertical cross sections are output for index j=20: <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">2</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">20</span>. For runs on |
|---|
| 112 | more than one processor, cross section data are collected and output on |
|---|
| 113 | PE0: <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</span> |
|---|
| 114 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Output |
|---|
| 115 | of vertical profiles is to be done after each 900 s. The profiles shall |
|---|
| 116 | be temporally averaged<font color="#000000"> over the last |
|---|
| 117 | <font color="#000000">600 </font>seconds, </font>whereby |
|---|
| 118 | the temporal interval of the profiles entering the average has to be |
|---|
| 119 | 10 s: <b>dt_dopr</b> = <i>900.0 s</i>, <b>averaging_interval_pr</b> |
|---|
| 120 | = |
|---|
| 121 | <i>600.0 s</i>, <b>dt_averaging_input_pr</b> = |
|---|
| 122 | <i>10.0 s.</i> The temperature |
|---|
| 123 | profile including the initial temperature profile (therefore <span style="font-style: italic;">'#pt'</span>), |
|---|
| 124 | the subgrid scale, resolved and total vertical sensible heat flux as |
|---|
| 125 | well as the variances of the vertical velocity and the potential |
|---|
| 126 | temperature are to be output: <b>data_output_pr</b> |
|---|
| 127 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'#pt'</span><i>, |
|---|
| 128 | 'w"pt”', |
|---|
| 129 | 'w*pt*', 'wpt', 'w*2', 'pt*2'</i>.</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">If the data output format for |
|---|
| 130 | graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> |
|---|
| 131 | is selected (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>), |
|---|
| 132 | the temperature |
|---|
| 133 | profile and the individual variances are to be drawn into independent |
|---|
| 134 | coordinate systems, and in contrast to this all heat flux profiles are |
|---|
| 135 | to |
|---|
| 136 | be |
|---|
| 137 | drawn into the same system: <b>cross_profiles</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span><i>, |
|---|
| 138 | 'w"pt"w*pt*wpt', 'w*2', 'pt*2'</i>. The legend of the x |
|---|
| 139 | axes of these systems is set to <b>cross_xtext</b>= <i>'pot. |
|---|
| 140 | temperature in K', 'heat flux in K ms>->1', 'velocity |
|---|
| 141 | variance |
|---|
| 142 | in m>2s>->2', 'temperature variance in K>2'</i>. |
|---|
| 143 | The profiles are to be drawn up to a height level of <b>z_max_do1d</b> |
|---|
| 144 | = |
|---|
| 145 | <i>1500.0 m</i>. </p> |
|---|
| 146 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">Before starting the mo<font color="#000000">del |
|---|
| 147 | on the parallel computer, the number of processing elements must be |
|---|
| 148 | specified.</font> Since relatively few grid points are used for |
|---|
| 149 | this run, choosing of e.g. 8 PEs is sufficient. By default, a 1d domain |
|---|
| 150 | decomposition along x is used on the IBM-Regatta, which means that a |
|---|
| 151 | virtual processor topology (grid) of 8*1 (x*y) is used. (<span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span> the user may |
|---|
| 152 | adjust this |
|---|
| 153 | default domain decomposition with the help of the parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#npex">npex</a> |
|---|
| 154 | and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#npey">npey</a>). |
|---|
| 155 | </p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Provided that the |
|---|
| 156 | parameters |
|---|
| 157 | file described above are set within the file </p> |
|---|
| 158 | <ul> <pre style="margin-bottom: 0.5cm; line-height: 100%;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">~/palm/current_version/JOBS/example/INPUT/example_p3d</font></pre></ul><p style="line-height: 100%;">and that the conditions |
|---|
| 159 | mentioned in the |
|---|
| 160 | first sections of <a href="chapter_3.2.html">chapter |
|---|
| 161 | 3.2</a> are met, the model run can be started with the command </p> |
|---|
| 162 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><font face="Cumberland, monospace"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">mrun |
|---|
| 163 | -d example -h ibmh -K parallel -X 8 -T 8 -t 1800 -q cdev -r |
|---|
| 164 | “d3# xy# xz# pr#”</font></font></p> |
|---|
| 165 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">The output files will appear |
|---|
| 166 | in the |
|---|
| 167 | directories </p> |
|---|
| 168 | <blockquote style="line-height: 100%;"><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">~/palm/current_version/JOBS/example/MONITORING</font></tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><br> </font><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">~/palm/current_version/JOBS/example/OUTPUT |
|---|
| 169 | ,</font></tt></blockquote> |
|---|
| 170 | <p style="line-height: 100%;">while the job protocol will |
|---|
| 171 | appear in |
|---|
| 172 | directory <font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><font face="Cumberland, monospace">~/</font></font><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><font face="Cumberland, monospace">job_queue</font></font></tt>. |
|---|
| 173 | <br> |
|---|
| 174 | </p> |
|---|
| 175 | <hr><p style="line-height: 100%;"><br><font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_4.4.html"><font color="#000080"><img style="border: 2px solid ; width: 32px; height: 32px;" alt="" name="Grafik1" src="left.gif"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik2" src="up.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.4.2.html"><font color="#000080"><img style="border: 2px solid ; width: 32px; height: 32px;" alt="" name="Grafik3" src="right.gif"></font></a></font></font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><i>Last change: |
|---|
| 176 | </i>$Id: chapter_4.4.1.html 197 2008-09-16 15:29:03Z letzel $ |
|---|
| 177 | <br> <br> |
|---|
| 178 | </p> |
|---|
| 179 | </body></html> |
|---|
