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| 17 | <title>PALM chapter 4.1</title></head> |
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| 18 | <body> |
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| 19 | |
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| 21 | |
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| 22 | <h3><a name="chapter4.1"></a>4.1 |
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| 23 | Initialization parameters</h3> |
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| 24 | |
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| 25 | |
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| 26 | |
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| 27 | |
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| 28 | <br> |
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| 29 | |
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| 30 | |
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| 31 | |
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| 32 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
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| 33 | |
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| 34 | |
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| 35 | |
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| 36 | <tbody> |
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| 37 | |
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| 38 | |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | |
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| 41 | <tr> |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter name</b></font></td> |
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| 46 | |
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| 47 | |
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| 48 | |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td> |
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| 51 | |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | |
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| 54 | |
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| 55 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 56 | |
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| 57 | |
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| 58 | |
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| 59 | <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | |
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| 62 | |
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| 63 | <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> |
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| 64 | |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | </td> |
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| 68 | |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td> |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | |
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| 77 | </tr> |
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| 78 | |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | <tr> |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | <p><a name="adjust_mixing_length"></a><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></p> |
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| 90 | |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | </td> |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | |
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| 97 | |
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| 98 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | |
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| 106 | |
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| 107 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Near-surface adjustment of the |
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| 112 | mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law. </p> |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | <p>Usually |
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| 121 | the mixing length in LES models l<sub>LES</sub> |
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| 122 | depends (as in PALM) on the grid size and is possibly restricted |
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| 123 | further in case of stable stratification and near the lower wall (see |
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| 124 | parameter <a href="#wall_adjustment">wall_adjustment</a>). |
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| 125 | With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
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| 126 | the Prandtl' mixing length l<sub>PR</sub> = kappa * z/phi |
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| 127 | is calculated |
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| 128 | and the mixing length actually used in the model is set l = MIN (l<sub>LES</sub>, |
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| 129 | l<sub>PR</sub>). This usually gives a decrease of the |
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| 130 | mixing length at |
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| 131 | the bottom boundary and considers the fact that eddy sizes |
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| 132 | decrease in the vicinity of the wall. </p> |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | |
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| 137 | |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | |
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| 140 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><b>Warning:</b> So |
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| 141 | far, there is |
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| 142 | no good experience with <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> ! </p> |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | |
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| 150 | <p>With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and the |
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| 151 | Prandtl-layer being |
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| 152 | switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
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| 153 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)** 2+neumann'</span> |
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| 154 | should always be set as the lower boundary condition for the TKE (see <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a>), |
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| 155 | otherwise the near-surface value of the TKE is not in agreement with |
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| 156 | the Prandtl-layer law (Prandtl-layer law and Prandtl-Kolmogorov-Ansatz |
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| 157 | should provide the same value for K<sub>m</sub>). A warning |
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| 158 | is given, |
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| 159 | if this is not the case.</p> |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | |
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| 162 | |
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| 163 | </td> |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | </tr> |
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| 168 | |
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| 169 | |
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| 170 | |
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| 171 | <tr> |
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| 172 | |
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| 173 | |
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| 174 | |
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| 175 | |
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| 176 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | |
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| 180 | <p><a name="alpha_surface"></a><b>alpha_surface</b></p> |
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| 181 | |
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| 182 | |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | </td> |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
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| 190 | |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | |
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| 193 | </td> |
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| 194 | |
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| 195 | |
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| 196 | |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | |
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| 201 | |
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| 202 | </td> |
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| 203 | |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | |
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| 207 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 208 | |
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| 209 | |
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| 210 | |
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| 211 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Inclination of the model domain |
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| 212 | with respect to the horizontal (in degrees). </p> |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | |
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| 217 | |
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| 218 | |
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| 219 | |
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| 220 | <p style="font-style: normal;">By means of <b>alpha_surface</b> |
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| 221 | the model domain can be inclined in x-direction with respect to the |
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| 222 | horizontal. In this way flows over inclined surfaces (e.g. drainage |
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| 223 | flows, gravity flows) can be simulated. In case of <b>alpha_surface |
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| 224 | </b>/= <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span> |
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| 225 | the buoyancy term |
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| 226 | appears both in |
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| 227 | the equation of motion of the u-component and of the w-component.<br> |
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| 228 | |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | |
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| 232 | </p> |
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| 233 | |
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| 234 | |
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| 235 | |
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| 236 | |
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| 237 | |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | <p style="font-style: normal;">An inclination |
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| 241 | is only possible in |
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| 242 | case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions along x AND y (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
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| 243 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) and <a href="#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span>. </p> |
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| 244 | |
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| 245 | |
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| 246 | |
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| 247 | |
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| 248 | |
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| 249 | |
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| 250 | |
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| 251 | <p>Runs with inclined surface still require additional |
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| 252 | user-defined code as well as modifications to the default code. Please |
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| 253 | ask the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PALM_group.html#0">PALM |
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| 254 | developer group</a>.</p> |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | </td> |
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| 259 | |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | |
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| 262 | </tr> |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | |
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| 267 | <tr> |
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| 268 | |
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| 269 | |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | |
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| 275 | <p><a name="bc_e_b"></a><b>bc_e_b</b></p> |
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| 276 | |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | </td> |
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| 280 | |
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| 281 | |
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| 282 | |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
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| 289 | |
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| 290 | |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 294 | |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | |
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| 297 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
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| 298 | TKE. </p> |
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| 299 | |
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| 300 | |
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| 301 | |
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| 302 | |
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| 303 | |
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| 304 | |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | <p><b>bc_e_b</b> may be |
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| 307 | set to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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| 308 | or <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*) ** 2+neumann'</span>. |
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| 309 | <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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| 310 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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| 311 | yields to |
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| 312 | e(k=0)=e(k=1) (Neumann boundary condition), where e(k=1) is calculated |
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| 313 | via the prognostic TKE equation. Choice of <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)**2+neumann'</span> |
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| 314 | also yields to |
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| 315 | e(k=0)=e(k=1), but the TKE at the Prandtl-layer top (k=1) is calculated |
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| 316 | diagnostically by e(k=1)=(us/0.1)**2. However, this is only allowed if |
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| 317 | a Prandtl-layer is used (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
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| 318 | If this is not the case, a warning is given and <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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| 319 | is reset |
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| 320 | to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
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| 321 | </p> |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | |
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| 326 | |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | |
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| 329 | <p style="font-style: normal;">At the top |
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| 330 | boundary a Neumann |
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| 331 | boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)).</p> |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | </td> |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | </tr> |
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| 341 | |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | |
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| 344 | <tr> |
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| 345 | |
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| 346 | |
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| 347 | |
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| 348 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 349 | |
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| 350 | |
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| 351 | |
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| 352 | <p><a name="bc_lr"></a><b>bc_lr</b></p> |
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| 353 | |
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| 354 | |
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| 355 | |
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| 356 | |
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| 357 | </td> |
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| 358 | |
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| 359 | |
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| 360 | |
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| 361 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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| 362 | |
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| 363 | |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | |
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| 366 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
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| 367 | |
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| 368 | |
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| 369 | |
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| 370 | |
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| 371 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
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| 372 | condition along x (for all quantities).<br> |
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| 373 | |
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| 374 | |
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| 375 | |
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| 376 | <br> |
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| 377 | |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | |
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| 380 | |
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| 381 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along x.<br> |
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| 382 | |
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| 383 | |
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| 384 | |
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| 385 | <br> |
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| 386 | |
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| 387 | |
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| 388 | |
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| 389 | |
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| 390 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_lr</span> may |
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| 391 | also be |
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| 392 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
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| 393 | (inflow from left, outflow to the right) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
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| 394 | (inflow from |
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| 395 | right, outflow to the left). This requires the multi-grid method to be |
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| 396 | used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
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| 397 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along y (see <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
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| 398 | |
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| 399 | |
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| 400 | |
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| 401 | <br> |
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| 402 | |
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| 403 | |
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| 404 | |
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| 405 | |
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| 406 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
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| 407 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
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| 408 | see <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
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| 409 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
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| 410 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
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| 411 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
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| 412 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
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| 413 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
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| 414 | |
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| 415 | |
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| 416 | |
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| 417 | <br> |
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| 418 | |
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| 419 | |
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| 420 | |
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| 421 | |
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| 422 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a filter is applied to the |
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| 423 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
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| 424 | reflections of outgoing disturbances (see <a href="#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a> |
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| 425 | and <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a>).<br> |
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| 426 | |
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| 427 | |
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| 428 | |
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| 429 | |
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| 430 | <br> |
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| 431 | |
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| 432 | |
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| 433 | |
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| 434 | |
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| 435 | In order to maintain a turbulent state of the flow, it may be |
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| 436 | neccessary to continuously impose perturbations on the horizontal |
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| 437 | velocity field in the vicinity of the inflow throughout the whole run. |
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| 438 | This can be switched on using <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>. |
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| 439 | The horizontal range to which these perturbations are applied is |
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| 440 | controlled by the parameters <a href="#inflow_disturbance_begin">inflow_disturbance_begin</a> |
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| 441 | and <a href="#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>. |
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| 442 | The vertical range and the perturbation amplitude are given by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_b</a>, |
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| 443 | <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_t</a>, |
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| 444 | and <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_amplitude</a>. |
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| 445 | The time interval at which perturbations are to be imposed is set by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>.<br> |
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| 446 | |
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| 447 | |
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| 448 | |
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| 449 | |
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| 450 | <br> |
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| 451 | |
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| 452 | |
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| 453 | |
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| 454 | |
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| 455 | In case of non-cyclic horizontal boundaries <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver |
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| 456 | at_all_substeps</a> = .T. should be used.<br> |
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| 457 | |
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| 458 | |
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| 459 | |
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| 460 | <br> |
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| 461 | |
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| 462 | |
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| 463 | |
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| 464 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
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| 465 | |
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| 466 | |
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| 467 | |
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| 468 | |
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| 469 | Using non-cyclic lateral boundaries requires very sensitive adjustments |
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| 470 | of the inflow (vertical profiles) and the bottom boundary conditions, |
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| 471 | e.g. a surface heating should not be applied near the inflow boundary |
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| 472 | because this may significantly disturb the inflow. Please check the |
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| 473 | model results very carefully.</td> |
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| 474 | |
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| 475 | |
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| 476 | |
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| 477 | </tr> |
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| 478 | |
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| 479 | |
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| 480 | |
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| 481 | <tr> |
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| 482 | |
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| 483 | |
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| 484 | |
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| 485 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 486 | |
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| 487 | |
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| 488 | |
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| 489 | <p><a name="bc_ns"></a><b>bc_ns</b></p> |
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| 490 | |
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| 491 | |
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| 492 | |
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| 493 | |
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| 494 | </td> |
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| 495 | |
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| 496 | |
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| 497 | |
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| 498 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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| 499 | |
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| 500 | |
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| 501 | |
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| 502 | |
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| 503 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
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| 504 | |
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| 505 | |
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| 506 | |
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| 507 | |
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| 508 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
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| 509 | condition along y (for all quantities).<br> |
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| 510 | |
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| 511 | |
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| 512 | |
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| 513 | <br> |
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| 514 | |
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| 515 | |
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| 516 | |
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| 517 | |
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| 518 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along y.<br> |
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| 519 | |
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| 520 | |
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| 521 | |
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| 522 | <br> |
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| 523 | |
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| 524 | |
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| 525 | |
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| 526 | |
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| 527 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_ns</span> may |
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| 528 | also be |
|---|
| 529 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
|---|
| 530 | (inflow from rear ("north"), outflow to the front ("south")) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 531 | (inflow from front ("south"), outflow to the rear ("north")). This |
|---|
| 532 | requires the multi-grid |
|---|
| 533 | method to be used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation |
|---|
| 534 | pressure (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 535 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along x (see<br> |
|---|
| 536 | |
|---|
| 537 | |
|---|
| 538 | |
|---|
| 539 | <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 540 | |
|---|
| 541 | |
|---|
| 542 | |
|---|
| 543 | <br> |
|---|
| 544 | |
|---|
| 545 | |
|---|
| 546 | |
|---|
| 547 | |
|---|
| 548 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
|---|
| 549 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
|---|
| 550 | see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 551 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 552 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 553 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
|---|
| 554 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
|---|
| 555 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
|---|
| 556 | |
|---|
| 557 | |
|---|
| 558 | |
|---|
| 559 | <br> |
|---|
| 560 | |
|---|
| 561 | |
|---|
| 562 | |
|---|
| 563 | |
|---|
| 564 | For further details regarding non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
|---|
| 565 | see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 566 | |
|---|
| 567 | |
|---|
| 568 | |
|---|
| 569 | </tr> |
|---|
| 570 | |
|---|
| 571 | |
|---|
| 572 | |
|---|
| 573 | |
|---|
| 574 | <tr> |
|---|
| 575 | |
|---|
| 576 | |
|---|
| 577 | |
|---|
| 578 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 579 | |
|---|
| 580 | |
|---|
| 581 | |
|---|
| 582 | <p><a name="bc_p_b"></a><b>bc_p_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 583 | |
|---|
| 584 | |
|---|
| 585 | |
|---|
| 586 | </td> |
|---|
| 587 | |
|---|
| 588 | |
|---|
| 589 | |
|---|
| 590 | |
|---|
| 591 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 592 | |
|---|
| 593 | |
|---|
| 594 | |
|---|
| 595 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 596 | |
|---|
| 597 | |
|---|
| 598 | |
|---|
| 599 | |
|---|
| 600 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 601 | |
|---|
| 602 | |
|---|
| 603 | |
|---|
| 604 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 605 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
|---|
| 606 | |
|---|
| 607 | |
|---|
| 608 | |
|---|
| 609 | |
|---|
| 610 | |
|---|
| 611 | |
|---|
| 612 | |
|---|
| 613 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 614 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, |
|---|
| 615 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 616 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>. |
|---|
| 617 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 618 | sets |
|---|
| 619 | p(k=0)=0.0, <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 620 | sets p(k=0)=p(k=1). <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span> |
|---|
| 621 | corresponds to an extended Neumann boundary condition where heat flux |
|---|
| 622 | or temperature inhomogeneities near the |
|---|
| 623 | surface (pt(k=1)) are additionally regarded (see Shen and |
|---|
| 624 | LeClerc |
|---|
| 625 | (1995, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., |
|---|
| 626 | 1209)). This condition is only permitted with the Prandtl-layer |
|---|
| 627 | switched on (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
|---|
| 628 | otherwise the run is terminated. </p> |
|---|
| 629 | |
|---|
| 630 | |
|---|
| 631 | |
|---|
| 632 | |
|---|
| 633 | |
|---|
| 634 | |
|---|
| 635 | |
|---|
| 636 | <p>Since |
|---|
| 637 | at the bottom boundary of the model the vertical |
|---|
| 638 | velocity |
|---|
| 639 | disappears (w(k=0) = 0.0), the consistent Neumann condition (<span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>) |
|---|
| 640 | dp/dz = 0 should |
|---|
| 641 | be used, which leaves the vertical component w unchanged when the |
|---|
| 642 | pressure solver is applied. Simultaneous use of the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 643 | conditions both at the bottom and at the top boundary (<a href="#bc_p_t">bc_p_t</a>) |
|---|
| 644 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
|---|
| 645 | should be avoided.</p> |
|---|
| 646 | |
|---|
| 647 | |
|---|
| 648 | |
|---|
| 649 | </td> |
|---|
| 650 | |
|---|
| 651 | |
|---|
| 652 | |
|---|
| 653 | </tr> |
|---|
| 654 | |
|---|
| 655 | |
|---|
| 656 | |
|---|
| 657 | <tr> |
|---|
| 658 | |
|---|
| 659 | |
|---|
| 660 | |
|---|
| 661 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 662 | |
|---|
| 663 | |
|---|
| 664 | |
|---|
| 665 | <p><a name="bc_p_t"></a><b>bc_p_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 666 | |
|---|
| 667 | |
|---|
| 668 | |
|---|
| 669 | |
|---|
| 670 | </td> |
|---|
| 671 | |
|---|
| 672 | |
|---|
| 673 | |
|---|
| 674 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 675 | |
|---|
| 676 | |
|---|
| 677 | |
|---|
| 678 | |
|---|
| 679 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 680 | |
|---|
| 681 | |
|---|
| 682 | |
|---|
| 683 | |
|---|
| 684 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 685 | |
|---|
| 686 | |
|---|
| 687 | |
|---|
| 688 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 689 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
|---|
| 690 | |
|---|
| 691 | |
|---|
| 692 | |
|---|
| 693 | |
|---|
| 694 | |
|---|
| 695 | |
|---|
| 696 | |
|---|
| 697 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 698 | (p(k=nz+1)= 0.0) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 699 | (p(k=nz+1)=p(k=nz)). </p> |
|---|
| 700 | |
|---|
| 701 | |
|---|
| 702 | |
|---|
| 703 | |
|---|
| 704 | |
|---|
| 705 | |
|---|
| 706 | |
|---|
| 707 | <p>Simultaneous use |
|---|
| 708 | of Neumann boundary conditions both at the |
|---|
| 709 | top and bottom boundary (<a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>) |
|---|
| 710 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
|---|
| 711 | should be avoided. Since at the bottom boundary the Neumann |
|---|
| 712 | condition is a good choice (see <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>), |
|---|
| 713 | a Dirichlet condition should be set at the top boundary.</p> |
|---|
| 714 | |
|---|
| 715 | |
|---|
| 716 | |
|---|
| 717 | </td> |
|---|
| 718 | |
|---|
| 719 | |
|---|
| 720 | |
|---|
| 721 | |
|---|
| 722 | </tr> |
|---|
| 723 | |
|---|
| 724 | |
|---|
| 725 | |
|---|
| 726 | <tr> |
|---|
| 727 | |
|---|
| 728 | |
|---|
| 729 | |
|---|
| 730 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 731 | |
|---|
| 732 | |
|---|
| 733 | |
|---|
| 734 | <p><a name="bc_pt_b"></a><b>bc_pt_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 735 | |
|---|
| 736 | |
|---|
| 737 | |
|---|
| 738 | |
|---|
| 739 | </td> |
|---|
| 740 | |
|---|
| 741 | |
|---|
| 742 | |
|---|
| 743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20</td> |
|---|
| 744 | |
|---|
| 745 | |
|---|
| 746 | |
|---|
| 747 | |
|---|
| 748 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 749 | |
|---|
| 750 | |
|---|
| 751 | |
|---|
| 752 | |
|---|
| 753 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 754 | |
|---|
| 755 | |
|---|
| 756 | |
|---|
| 757 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 758 | potential temperature. </p> |
|---|
| 759 | |
|---|
| 760 | |
|---|
| 761 | |
|---|
| 762 | |
|---|
| 763 | |
|---|
| 764 | |
|---|
| 765 | |
|---|
| 766 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 767 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 768 | (pt(k=0) = const. = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a> |
|---|
| 769 | + <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 770 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 771 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 772 | (pt(k=0)=pt(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 773 | |
|---|
| 774 | |
|---|
| 775 | |
|---|
| 776 | |
|---|
| 777 | When a constant surface sensible heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), <b>bc_pt_b</b> |
|---|
| 778 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 779 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 780 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 781 | |
|---|
| 782 | |
|---|
| 783 | |
|---|
| 784 | |
|---|
| 785 | |
|---|
| 786 | |
|---|
| 787 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a> is internally set and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
|---|
| 788 | |
|---|
| 789 | |
|---|
| 790 | |
|---|
| 791 | |
|---|
| 792 | </td> |
|---|
| 793 | |
|---|
| 794 | |
|---|
| 795 | |
|---|
| 796 | </tr> |
|---|
| 797 | |
|---|
| 798 | |
|---|
| 799 | |
|---|
| 800 | <tr> |
|---|
| 801 | |
|---|
| 802 | |
|---|
| 803 | |
|---|
| 804 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 805 | |
|---|
| 806 | |
|---|
| 807 | |
|---|
| 808 | <p><a name="pc_pt_t"></a><b>bc_pt_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 809 | |
|---|
| 810 | |
|---|
| 811 | |
|---|
| 812 | |
|---|
| 813 | </td> |
|---|
| 814 | |
|---|
| 815 | |
|---|
| 816 | |
|---|
| 817 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 818 | |
|---|
| 819 | |
|---|
| 820 | |
|---|
| 821 | |
|---|
| 822 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_ gradient'</span></td> |
|---|
| 823 | |
|---|
| 824 | |
|---|
| 825 | |
|---|
| 826 | |
|---|
| 827 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 828 | |
|---|
| 829 | |
|---|
| 830 | |
|---|
| 831 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 832 | potential temperature. </p> |
|---|
| 833 | |
|---|
| 834 | |
|---|
| 835 | |
|---|
| 836 | |
|---|
| 837 | |
|---|
| 838 | |
|---|
| 839 | |
|---|
| 840 | <p>Allowed are the |
|---|
| 841 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(pt(k=nz+1) |
|---|
| 842 | does not change during the run), <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 843 | (pt(k=nz+1)=pt(k=nz)), and <span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_gradient'</span>. |
|---|
| 844 | With the 'initial_gradient'-condition the value of the temperature |
|---|
| 845 | gradient at the top is |
|---|
| 846 | calculated from the initial |
|---|
| 847 | temperature profile (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 848 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 849 | by bc_pt_t_val = (pt_init(k=nz+1) - |
|---|
| 850 | pt_init(k=nz)) / dzu(nz+1).<br> |
|---|
| 851 | |
|---|
| 852 | |
|---|
| 853 | |
|---|
| 854 | |
|---|
| 855 | Using this value (assumed constant during the |
|---|
| 856 | run) the temperature boundary values are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 857 | |
|---|
| 858 | |
|---|
| 859 | |
|---|
| 860 | |
|---|
| 861 | |
|---|
| 862 | |
|---|
| 863 | |
|---|
| 864 | <ul> |
|---|
| 865 | |
|---|
| 866 | |
|---|
| 867 | |
|---|
| 868 | |
|---|
| 869 | |
|---|
| 870 | |
|---|
| 871 | |
|---|
| 872 | <p style="font-style: normal;">pt(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 873 | pt(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 874 | bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 875 | |
|---|
| 876 | |
|---|
| 877 | |
|---|
| 878 | |
|---|
| 879 | |
|---|
| 880 | |
|---|
| 881 | |
|---|
| 882 | </ul> |
|---|
| 883 | |
|---|
| 884 | |
|---|
| 885 | |
|---|
| 886 | |
|---|
| 887 | |
|---|
| 888 | |
|---|
| 889 | |
|---|
| 890 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 891 | equation for the temperature is solved).<br> |
|---|
| 892 | |
|---|
| 893 | |
|---|
| 894 | |
|---|
| 895 | |
|---|
| 896 | When a constant sensible heat flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>), |
|---|
| 897 | <b>bc_pt_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 898 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 899 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 900 | |
|---|
| 901 | |
|---|
| 902 | |
|---|
| 903 | </td> |
|---|
| 904 | |
|---|
| 905 | |
|---|
| 906 | |
|---|
| 907 | |
|---|
| 908 | </tr> |
|---|
| 909 | |
|---|
| 910 | |
|---|
| 911 | |
|---|
| 912 | <tr> |
|---|
| 913 | |
|---|
| 914 | |
|---|
| 915 | |
|---|
| 916 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 917 | |
|---|
| 918 | |
|---|
| 919 | |
|---|
| 920 | <p><a name="bc_q_b"></a><b>bc_q_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 921 | |
|---|
| 922 | |
|---|
| 923 | |
|---|
| 924 | |
|---|
| 925 | </td> |
|---|
| 926 | |
|---|
| 927 | |
|---|
| 928 | |
|---|
| 929 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 930 | |
|---|
| 931 | |
|---|
| 932 | |
|---|
| 933 | |
|---|
| 934 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 935 | |
|---|
| 936 | |
|---|
| 937 | |
|---|
| 938 | |
|---|
| 939 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 940 | |
|---|
| 941 | |
|---|
| 942 | |
|---|
| 943 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 944 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
|---|
| 945 | |
|---|
| 946 | |
|---|
| 947 | |
|---|
| 948 | |
|---|
| 949 | |
|---|
| 950 | |
|---|
| 951 | |
|---|
| 952 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 953 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 954 | (q(k=0) = const. = <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
|---|
| 955 | + <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 956 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 957 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 958 | (q(k=0)=q(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 959 | |
|---|
| 960 | |
|---|
| 961 | |
|---|
| 962 | |
|---|
| 963 | When a constant surface latent heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>), <b>bc_q_b</b> |
|---|
| 964 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 965 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 966 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 967 | |
|---|
| 968 | |
|---|
| 969 | |
|---|
| 970 | |
|---|
| 971 | </td> |
|---|
| 972 | |
|---|
| 973 | |
|---|
| 974 | |
|---|
| 975 | </tr> |
|---|
| 976 | |
|---|
| 977 | |
|---|
| 978 | |
|---|
| 979 | <tr> |
|---|
| 980 | |
|---|
| 981 | |
|---|
| 982 | |
|---|
| 983 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 984 | |
|---|
| 985 | |
|---|
| 986 | |
|---|
| 987 | <p><a name="bc_q_t"></a><b>bc_q_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 988 | |
|---|
| 989 | |
|---|
| 990 | |
|---|
| 991 | |
|---|
| 992 | </td> |
|---|
| 993 | |
|---|
| 994 | |
|---|
| 995 | |
|---|
| 996 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">C |
|---|
| 997 | * 20</span></td> |
|---|
| 998 | |
|---|
| 999 | |
|---|
| 1000 | |
|---|
| 1001 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1002 | |
|---|
| 1003 | |
|---|
| 1004 | |
|---|
| 1005 | |
|---|
| 1006 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1007 | |
|---|
| 1008 | |
|---|
| 1009 | |
|---|
| 1010 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1011 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
|---|
| 1012 | |
|---|
| 1013 | |
|---|
| 1014 | |
|---|
| 1015 | |
|---|
| 1016 | |
|---|
| 1017 | |
|---|
| 1018 | |
|---|
| 1019 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 1020 | are the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1021 | (q(k=nz) and q(k=nz+1) do |
|---|
| 1022 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 1023 | With the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 1024 | condition the value of the humidity gradient at the top is calculated |
|---|
| 1025 | from the |
|---|
| 1026 | initial humidity profile (see <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 1027 | <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1028 | by: bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(k=nz) - q_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
|---|
| 1029 | |
|---|
| 1030 | |
|---|
| 1031 | |
|---|
| 1032 | |
|---|
| 1033 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the humidity |
|---|
| 1034 | boundary values |
|---|
| 1035 | are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1036 | |
|---|
| 1037 | |
|---|
| 1038 | |
|---|
| 1039 | |
|---|
| 1040 | |
|---|
| 1041 | |
|---|
| 1042 | |
|---|
| 1043 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1044 | |
|---|
| 1045 | |
|---|
| 1046 | |
|---|
| 1047 | |
|---|
| 1048 | |
|---|
| 1049 | |
|---|
| 1050 | |
|---|
| 1051 | <p style="font-style: normal;">q(k=nz+1) =q(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1052 | bc_q_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1053 | |
|---|
| 1054 | |
|---|
| 1055 | |
|---|
| 1056 | |
|---|
| 1057 | |
|---|
| 1058 | |
|---|
| 1059 | |
|---|
| 1060 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1061 | |
|---|
| 1062 | |
|---|
| 1063 | |
|---|
| 1064 | |
|---|
| 1065 | |
|---|
| 1066 | |
|---|
| 1067 | |
|---|
| 1068 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up tp k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1069 | equation for q is solved). </p> |
|---|
| 1070 | |
|---|
| 1071 | |
|---|
| 1072 | |
|---|
| 1073 | </td> |
|---|
| 1074 | |
|---|
| 1075 | |
|---|
| 1076 | |
|---|
| 1077 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1078 | |
|---|
| 1079 | |
|---|
| 1080 | |
|---|
| 1081 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1082 | |
|---|
| 1083 | |
|---|
| 1084 | |
|---|
| 1085 | |
|---|
| 1086 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1087 | |
|---|
| 1088 | |
|---|
| 1089 | |
|---|
| 1090 | <p><a name="bc_s_b"></a><b>bc_s_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1091 | |
|---|
| 1092 | |
|---|
| 1093 | |
|---|
| 1094 | </td> |
|---|
| 1095 | |
|---|
| 1096 | |
|---|
| 1097 | |
|---|
| 1098 | |
|---|
| 1099 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1100 | |
|---|
| 1101 | |
|---|
| 1102 | |
|---|
| 1103 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1104 | |
|---|
| 1105 | |
|---|
| 1106 | |
|---|
| 1107 | |
|---|
| 1108 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1109 | |
|---|
| 1110 | |
|---|
| 1111 | |
|---|
| 1112 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1113 | scalar concentration. </p> |
|---|
| 1114 | |
|---|
| 1115 | |
|---|
| 1116 | |
|---|
| 1117 | |
|---|
| 1118 | |
|---|
| 1119 | |
|---|
| 1120 | |
|---|
| 1121 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 1122 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1123 | (s(k=0) = const. = <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a> |
|---|
| 1124 | + <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 1125 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 1126 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1127 | (s(k=0) = |
|---|
| 1128 | s(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 1129 | |
|---|
| 1130 | |
|---|
| 1131 | |
|---|
| 1132 | |
|---|
| 1133 | When a constant surface concentration flux is used (<a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>), <b>bc_s_b</b> |
|---|
| 1134 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1135 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1136 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1137 | |
|---|
| 1138 | |
|---|
| 1139 | |
|---|
| 1140 | |
|---|
| 1141 | </td> |
|---|
| 1142 | |
|---|
| 1143 | |
|---|
| 1144 | |
|---|
| 1145 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1146 | |
|---|
| 1147 | |
|---|
| 1148 | |
|---|
| 1149 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1150 | |
|---|
| 1151 | |
|---|
| 1152 | |
|---|
| 1153 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1154 | |
|---|
| 1155 | |
|---|
| 1156 | |
|---|
| 1157 | <p><a name="bc_s_t"></a><b>bc_s_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1158 | |
|---|
| 1159 | |
|---|
| 1160 | |
|---|
| 1161 | |
|---|
| 1162 | </td> |
|---|
| 1163 | |
|---|
| 1164 | |
|---|
| 1165 | |
|---|
| 1166 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1167 | |
|---|
| 1168 | |
|---|
| 1169 | |
|---|
| 1170 | |
|---|
| 1171 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1172 | |
|---|
| 1173 | |
|---|
| 1174 | |
|---|
| 1175 | |
|---|
| 1176 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1177 | |
|---|
| 1178 | |
|---|
| 1179 | |
|---|
| 1180 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1181 | scalar concentration. </p> |
|---|
| 1182 | |
|---|
| 1183 | |
|---|
| 1184 | |
|---|
| 1185 | |
|---|
| 1186 | |
|---|
| 1187 | |
|---|
| 1188 | |
|---|
| 1189 | <p>Allowed are the |
|---|
| 1190 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1191 | (s(k=nz) and s(k=nz+1) do |
|---|
| 1192 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 1193 | With the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 1194 | condition the value of the scalar concentration gradient at the top is |
|---|
| 1195 | calculated |
|---|
| 1196 | from the initial scalar concentration profile (see <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1197 | by: bc_s_t_val = (s_init(k=nz) - s_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
|---|
| 1198 | |
|---|
| 1199 | |
|---|
| 1200 | |
|---|
| 1201 | |
|---|
| 1202 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the concentration |
|---|
| 1203 | boundary values |
|---|
| 1204 | are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1205 | |
|---|
| 1206 | |
|---|
| 1207 | |
|---|
| 1208 | |
|---|
| 1209 | |
|---|
| 1210 | |
|---|
| 1211 | |
|---|
| 1212 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1213 | |
|---|
| 1214 | |
|---|
| 1215 | |
|---|
| 1216 | |
|---|
| 1217 | |
|---|
| 1218 | |
|---|
| 1219 | |
|---|
| 1220 | <p style="font-style: normal;">s(k=nz+1) = s(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1221 | bc_s_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1222 | |
|---|
| 1223 | |
|---|
| 1224 | |
|---|
| 1225 | |
|---|
| 1226 | |
|---|
| 1227 | |
|---|
| 1228 | |
|---|
| 1229 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1230 | |
|---|
| 1231 | |
|---|
| 1232 | |
|---|
| 1233 | |
|---|
| 1234 | |
|---|
| 1235 | |
|---|
| 1236 | |
|---|
| 1237 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1238 | equation for the scalar concentration is |
|---|
| 1239 | solved).</p> |
|---|
| 1240 | |
|---|
| 1241 | |
|---|
| 1242 | |
|---|
| 1243 | </td> |
|---|
| 1244 | |
|---|
| 1245 | |
|---|
| 1246 | |
|---|
| 1247 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1248 | |
|---|
| 1249 | |
|---|
| 1250 | |
|---|
| 1251 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1252 | |
|---|
| 1253 | |
|---|
| 1254 | |
|---|
| 1255 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bc_sa_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></td> |
|---|
| 1256 | |
|---|
| 1257 | |
|---|
| 1258 | |
|---|
| 1259 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1260 | |
|---|
| 1261 | |
|---|
| 1262 | |
|---|
| 1263 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1264 | |
|---|
| 1265 | |
|---|
| 1266 | |
|---|
| 1267 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1268 | |
|---|
| 1269 | |
|---|
| 1270 | |
|---|
| 1271 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the salinity. </p> |
|---|
| 1272 | |
|---|
| 1273 | |
|---|
| 1274 | |
|---|
| 1275 | |
|---|
| 1276 | |
|---|
| 1277 | |
|---|
| 1278 | |
|---|
| 1279 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 1280 | |
|---|
| 1281 | |
|---|
| 1282 | |
|---|
| 1283 | |
|---|
| 1284 | |
|---|
| 1285 | |
|---|
| 1286 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed are the |
|---|
| 1287 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(sa(k=nz+1) |
|---|
| 1288 | does not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1289 | (sa(k=nz+1)=sa(k=nz))<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>. <br> |
|---|
| 1290 | |
|---|
| 1291 | |
|---|
| 1292 | |
|---|
| 1293 | <br> |
|---|
| 1294 | |
|---|
| 1295 | |
|---|
| 1296 | |
|---|
| 1297 | |
|---|
| 1298 | When a constant salinity flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>), |
|---|
| 1299 | <b>bc_sa_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1300 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1301 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1302 | |
|---|
| 1303 | |
|---|
| 1304 | |
|---|
| 1305 | </td> |
|---|
| 1306 | |
|---|
| 1307 | |
|---|
| 1308 | |
|---|
| 1309 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1310 | |
|---|
| 1311 | |
|---|
| 1312 | |
|---|
| 1313 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1314 | |
|---|
| 1315 | |
|---|
| 1316 | |
|---|
| 1317 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1318 | |
|---|
| 1319 | |
|---|
| 1320 | |
|---|
| 1321 | <p><a name="bc_uv_b"></a><b>bc_uv_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1322 | |
|---|
| 1323 | |
|---|
| 1324 | |
|---|
| 1325 | |
|---|
| 1326 | </td> |
|---|
| 1327 | |
|---|
| 1328 | |
|---|
| 1329 | |
|---|
| 1330 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1331 | |
|---|
| 1332 | |
|---|
| 1333 | |
|---|
| 1334 | |
|---|
| 1335 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1336 | |
|---|
| 1337 | |
|---|
| 1338 | |
|---|
| 1339 | |
|---|
| 1340 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1341 | |
|---|
| 1342 | |
|---|
| 1343 | |
|---|
| 1344 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1345 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
|---|
| 1346 | |
|---|
| 1347 | |
|---|
| 1348 | |
|---|
| 1349 | |
|---|
| 1350 | |
|---|
| 1351 | |
|---|
| 1352 | |
|---|
| 1353 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 1354 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>and |
|---|
| 1355 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. <b>bc_uv_b</b> |
|---|
| 1356 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1357 | yields the |
|---|
| 1358 | no-slip condition with u=v=0 at the bottom. Due to the staggered grid |
|---|
| 1359 | u(k=0) and v(k=0) are located at z = - 0,5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 1360 | (below the bottom), while u(k=1) and v(k=1) are located at z = +0,5 * |
|---|
| 1361 | dz. u=v=0 at the bottom is guaranteed using mirror boundary |
|---|
| 1362 | condition: </p> |
|---|
| 1363 | |
|---|
| 1364 | |
|---|
| 1365 | |
|---|
| 1366 | |
|---|
| 1367 | |
|---|
| 1368 | |
|---|
| 1369 | |
|---|
| 1370 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1371 | |
|---|
| 1372 | |
|---|
| 1373 | |
|---|
| 1374 | |
|---|
| 1375 | |
|---|
| 1376 | |
|---|
| 1377 | |
|---|
| 1378 | <p style="font-style: normal;">u(k=0) = - u(k=1) and v(k=0) = - |
|---|
| 1379 | v(k=1)</p> |
|---|
| 1380 | |
|---|
| 1381 | |
|---|
| 1382 | |
|---|
| 1383 | |
|---|
| 1384 | |
|---|
| 1385 | |
|---|
| 1386 | |
|---|
| 1387 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1388 | |
|---|
| 1389 | |
|---|
| 1390 | |
|---|
| 1391 | |
|---|
| 1392 | |
|---|
| 1393 | |
|---|
| 1394 | |
|---|
| 1395 | <p style="font-style: normal;">The |
|---|
| 1396 | Neumann boundary condition |
|---|
| 1397 | yields the free-slip condition with u(k=0) = u(k=1) and v(k=0) = |
|---|
| 1398 | v(k=1). |
|---|
| 1399 | With Prandtl - layer switched on, the free-slip condition is not |
|---|
| 1400 | allowed (otherwise the run will be terminated)<font color="#000000">.</font></p> |
|---|
| 1401 | |
|---|
| 1402 | |
|---|
| 1403 | |
|---|
| 1404 | |
|---|
| 1405 | </td> |
|---|
| 1406 | |
|---|
| 1407 | |
|---|
| 1408 | |
|---|
| 1409 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1410 | |
|---|
| 1411 | |
|---|
| 1412 | |
|---|
| 1413 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1414 | |
|---|
| 1415 | |
|---|
| 1416 | |
|---|
| 1417 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1418 | |
|---|
| 1419 | |
|---|
| 1420 | |
|---|
| 1421 | <p><a name="bc_uv_t"></a><b>bc_uv_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1422 | |
|---|
| 1423 | |
|---|
| 1424 | |
|---|
| 1425 | |
|---|
| 1426 | </td> |
|---|
| 1427 | |
|---|
| 1428 | |
|---|
| 1429 | |
|---|
| 1430 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1431 | |
|---|
| 1432 | |
|---|
| 1433 | |
|---|
| 1434 | |
|---|
| 1435 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1436 | |
|---|
| 1437 | |
|---|
| 1438 | |
|---|
| 1439 | |
|---|
| 1440 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1441 | |
|---|
| 1442 | |
|---|
| 1443 | |
|---|
| 1444 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1445 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
|---|
| 1446 | |
|---|
| 1447 | |
|---|
| 1448 | |
|---|
| 1449 | |
|---|
| 1450 | |
|---|
| 1451 | |
|---|
| 1452 | |
|---|
| 1453 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 1454 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1455 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 1456 | The |
|---|
| 1457 | Dirichlet condition yields u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) and v(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 1458 | vg(nz+1), |
|---|
| 1459 | Neumann condition yields the free-slip condition with u(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 1460 | u(k=nz) and v(k=nz+1) = v(k=nz) (up to k=nz the prognostic equations |
|---|
| 1461 | for the velocities are solved).</p> |
|---|
| 1462 | |
|---|
| 1463 | |
|---|
| 1464 | |
|---|
| 1465 | |
|---|
| 1466 | |
|---|
| 1467 | |
|---|
| 1468 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a> is internally set ('neumann') and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
|---|
| 1469 | |
|---|
| 1470 | |
|---|
| 1471 | |
|---|
| 1472 | </td> |
|---|
| 1473 | |
|---|
| 1474 | |
|---|
| 1475 | |
|---|
| 1476 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1477 | |
|---|
| 1478 | |
|---|
| 1479 | |
|---|
| 1480 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1481 | |
|---|
| 1482 | |
|---|
| 1483 | |
|---|
| 1484 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bottom_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 1485 | |
|---|
| 1486 | |
|---|
| 1487 | |
|---|
| 1488 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 1489 | |
|---|
| 1490 | |
|---|
| 1491 | |
|---|
| 1492 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 1493 | |
|---|
| 1494 | |
|---|
| 1495 | |
|---|
| 1496 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1497 | |
|---|
| 1498 | |
|---|
| 1499 | |
|---|
| 1500 | <p>Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 1501 | |
|---|
| 1502 | |
|---|
| 1503 | |
|---|
| 1504 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
|---|
| 1505 | |
|---|
| 1506 | |
|---|
| 1507 | |
|---|
| 1508 | <p>The |
|---|
| 1509 | respective salinity flux value is used |
|---|
| 1510 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 1511 | condition must be used for the salinity, which is currently the only available condition.<br> |
|---|
| 1512 | |
|---|
| 1513 | |
|---|
| 1514 | |
|---|
| 1515 | </p> |
|---|
| 1516 | |
|---|
| 1517 | |
|---|
| 1518 | |
|---|
| 1519 | </td> |
|---|
| 1520 | |
|---|
| 1521 | |
|---|
| 1522 | |
|---|
| 1523 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1524 | |
|---|
| 1525 | |
|---|
| 1526 | |
|---|
| 1527 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1528 | |
|---|
| 1529 | |
|---|
| 1530 | |
|---|
| 1531 | |
|---|
| 1532 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_height"></a>building_height</span></td> |
|---|
| 1533 | |
|---|
| 1534 | |
|---|
| 1535 | |
|---|
| 1536 | |
|---|
| 1537 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 1538 | |
|---|
| 1539 | |
|---|
| 1540 | |
|---|
| 1541 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 1542 | |
|---|
| 1543 | |
|---|
| 1544 | |
|---|
| 1545 | <td>Height |
|---|
| 1546 | of a single building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 1547 | |
|---|
| 1548 | |
|---|
| 1549 | |
|---|
| 1550 | <br> |
|---|
| 1551 | |
|---|
| 1552 | |
|---|
| 1553 | |
|---|
| 1554 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_height</span> must |
|---|
| 1555 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires |
|---|
| 1556 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 1557 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 1558 | |
|---|
| 1559 | |
|---|
| 1560 | |
|---|
| 1561 | |
|---|
| 1562 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1563 | |
|---|
| 1564 | |
|---|
| 1565 | |
|---|
| 1566 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1567 | |
|---|
| 1568 | |
|---|
| 1569 | |
|---|
| 1570 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_x"></a>building_length_x</span></td> |
|---|
| 1571 | |
|---|
| 1572 | |
|---|
| 1573 | |
|---|
| 1574 | |
|---|
| 1575 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 1576 | |
|---|
| 1577 | |
|---|
| 1578 | |
|---|
| 1579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 1580 | |
|---|
| 1581 | |
|---|
| 1582 | |
|---|
| 1583 | <td><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Width of a single |
|---|
| 1584 | building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 1585 | |
|---|
| 1586 | |
|---|
| 1587 | |
|---|
| 1588 | <br> |
|---|
| 1589 | |
|---|
| 1590 | |
|---|
| 1591 | |
|---|
| 1592 | |
|---|
| 1593 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_x</span> |
|---|
| 1594 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 1595 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 1596 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></span>. |
|---|
| 1597 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 1598 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 1599 | |
|---|
| 1600 | |
|---|
| 1601 | |
|---|
| 1602 | |
|---|
| 1603 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1604 | |
|---|
| 1605 | |
|---|
| 1606 | |
|---|
| 1607 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1608 | |
|---|
| 1609 | |
|---|
| 1610 | |
|---|
| 1611 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_y"></a>building_length_y</span></td> |
|---|
| 1612 | |
|---|
| 1613 | |
|---|
| 1614 | |
|---|
| 1615 | |
|---|
| 1616 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 1617 | |
|---|
| 1618 | |
|---|
| 1619 | |
|---|
| 1620 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 1621 | |
|---|
| 1622 | |
|---|
| 1623 | |
|---|
| 1624 | <td>Depth |
|---|
| 1625 | of a single building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 1626 | |
|---|
| 1627 | |
|---|
| 1628 | |
|---|
| 1629 | <br> |
|---|
| 1630 | |
|---|
| 1631 | |
|---|
| 1632 | |
|---|
| 1633 | |
|---|
| 1634 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_y</span> |
|---|
| 1635 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 1636 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires |
|---|
| 1637 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 1638 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 1639 | |
|---|
| 1640 | |
|---|
| 1641 | |
|---|
| 1642 | |
|---|
| 1643 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1644 | |
|---|
| 1645 | |
|---|
| 1646 | |
|---|
| 1647 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1648 | |
|---|
| 1649 | |
|---|
| 1650 | |
|---|
| 1651 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_left"></a>building_wall_left</span></td> |
|---|
| 1652 | |
|---|
| 1653 | |
|---|
| 1654 | |
|---|
| 1655 | |
|---|
| 1656 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 1657 | |
|---|
| 1658 | |
|---|
| 1659 | |
|---|
| 1660 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td> |
|---|
| 1661 | |
|---|
| 1662 | |
|---|
| 1663 | |
|---|
| 1664 | |
|---|
| 1665 | <td>x-coordinate of the left building wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 1666 | left building wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 1667 | |
|---|
| 1668 | |
|---|
| 1669 | |
|---|
| 1670 | |
|---|
| 1671 | <br> |
|---|
| 1672 | |
|---|
| 1673 | |
|---|
| 1674 | |
|---|
| 1675 | |
|---|
| 1676 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 1677 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 1678 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#nx">nx</a> |
|---|
| 1679 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a></span>. |
|---|
| 1680 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 1681 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 1682 | |
|---|
| 1683 | |
|---|
| 1684 | |
|---|
| 1685 | |
|---|
| 1686 | <br> |
|---|
| 1687 | |
|---|
| 1688 | |
|---|
| 1689 | |
|---|
| 1690 | |
|---|
| 1691 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 1692 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#nx">nx</a> + |
|---|
| 1693 | 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 1694 | centers the building in x-direction. </td> |
|---|
| 1695 | |
|---|
| 1696 | |
|---|
| 1697 | |
|---|
| 1698 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1699 | |
|---|
| 1700 | |
|---|
| 1701 | |
|---|
| 1702 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1703 | |
|---|
| 1704 | |
|---|
| 1705 | |
|---|
| 1706 | |
|---|
| 1707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_south"></a>building_wall_south</span></td> |
|---|
| 1708 | |
|---|
| 1709 | |
|---|
| 1710 | |
|---|
| 1711 | |
|---|
| 1712 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 1713 | |
|---|
| 1714 | |
|---|
| 1715 | |
|---|
| 1716 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td> |
|---|
| 1717 | |
|---|
| 1718 | |
|---|
| 1719 | |
|---|
| 1720 | |
|---|
| 1721 | <td>y-coordinate of the South building wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 1722 | South building wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 1723 | |
|---|
| 1724 | |
|---|
| 1725 | |
|---|
| 1726 | |
|---|
| 1727 | <br> |
|---|
| 1728 | |
|---|
| 1729 | |
|---|
| 1730 | |
|---|
| 1731 | |
|---|
| 1732 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 1733 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 1734 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 1735 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a></span>. |
|---|
| 1736 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 1737 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 1738 | |
|---|
| 1739 | |
|---|
| 1740 | |
|---|
| 1741 | |
|---|
| 1742 | <br> |
|---|
| 1743 | |
|---|
| 1744 | |
|---|
| 1745 | |
|---|
| 1746 | |
|---|
| 1747 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 1748 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#ny">ny</a> + |
|---|
| 1749 | 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 1750 | centers the building in y-direction. </td> |
|---|
| 1751 | |
|---|
| 1752 | |
|---|
| 1753 | |
|---|
| 1754 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1755 | |
|---|
| 1756 | |
|---|
| 1757 | |
|---|
| 1758 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1759 | |
|---|
| 1760 | |
|---|
| 1761 | |
|---|
| 1762 | |
|---|
| 1763 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="cloud_droplets"></a>cloud_droplets</span><br> |
|---|
| 1764 | |
|---|
| 1765 | |
|---|
| 1766 | |
|---|
| 1767 | |
|---|
| 1768 | </td> |
|---|
| 1769 | |
|---|
| 1770 | |
|---|
| 1771 | |
|---|
| 1772 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
|---|
| 1773 | |
|---|
| 1774 | |
|---|
| 1775 | |
|---|
| 1776 | </td> |
|---|
| 1777 | |
|---|
| 1778 | |
|---|
| 1779 | |
|---|
| 1780 | |
|---|
| 1781 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> |
|---|
| 1782 | |
|---|
| 1783 | |
|---|
| 1784 | |
|---|
| 1785 | </td> |
|---|
| 1786 | |
|---|
| 1787 | |
|---|
| 1788 | |
|---|
| 1789 | |
|---|
| 1790 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on |
|---|
| 1791 | usage of cloud droplets.<br> |
|---|
| 1792 | |
|---|
| 1793 | |
|---|
| 1794 | |
|---|
| 1795 | <br> |
|---|
| 1796 | |
|---|
| 1797 | |
|---|
| 1798 | |
|---|
| 1799 | |
|---|
| 1800 | Cloud droplets require to use the particle package (<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option <span style="font-family: monospace;">-p particles</span>), |
|---|
| 1801 | so in this case a particle corresponds to a droplet. The droplet |
|---|
| 1802 | features (number of droplets, initial radius, etc.) can be steered with |
|---|
| 1803 | the respective particle parameters (see e.g. <a href="#chapter_4.2.html#radius">radius</a>). |
|---|
| 1804 | The real number of initial droplets in a grid cell is equal to the |
|---|
| 1805 | initial number of droplets (defined by the particle source parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a> |
|---|
| 1806 | <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and |
|---|
| 1807 | </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>) |
|---|
| 1808 | times the <a href="#initial_weighting_factor">initial_weighting_factor</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 1809 | |
|---|
| 1810 | |
|---|
| 1811 | |
|---|
| 1812 | |
|---|
| 1813 | <br> |
|---|
| 1814 | |
|---|
| 1815 | |
|---|
| 1816 | |
|---|
| 1817 | |
|---|
| 1818 | In case of using cloud droplets, the default condensation scheme in |
|---|
| 1819 | PALM cannot be used, i.e. <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 1820 | must be set <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 1821 | |
|---|
| 1822 | |
|---|
| 1823 | |
|---|
| 1824 | |
|---|
| 1825 | </td> |
|---|
| 1826 | |
|---|
| 1827 | |
|---|
| 1828 | |
|---|
| 1829 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1830 | |
|---|
| 1831 | |
|---|
| 1832 | |
|---|
| 1833 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1834 | |
|---|
| 1835 | |
|---|
| 1836 | |
|---|
| 1837 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1838 | |
|---|
| 1839 | |
|---|
| 1840 | |
|---|
| 1841 | <p><a name="cloud_physics"></a><b>cloud_physics</b></p> |
|---|
| 1842 | |
|---|
| 1843 | |
|---|
| 1844 | |
|---|
| 1845 | |
|---|
| 1846 | </td> |
|---|
| 1847 | |
|---|
| 1848 | |
|---|
| 1849 | |
|---|
| 1850 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
|---|
| 1851 | |
|---|
| 1852 | |
|---|
| 1853 | |
|---|
| 1854 | </td> |
|---|
| 1855 | |
|---|
| 1856 | |
|---|
| 1857 | |
|---|
| 1858 | |
|---|
| 1859 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 1860 | |
|---|
| 1861 | |
|---|
| 1862 | |
|---|
| 1863 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1864 | |
|---|
| 1865 | |
|---|
| 1866 | |
|---|
| 1867 | <p>Parameter to switch |
|---|
| 1868 | on the condensation scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 1869 | |
|---|
| 1870 | |
|---|
| 1871 | |
|---|
| 1872 | |
|---|
| 1873 | For <b>cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, equations |
|---|
| 1874 | for the |
|---|
| 1875 | liquid water |
|---|
| 1876 | content and the liquid water potential temperature are solved instead |
|---|
| 1877 | of those for specific humidity and potential temperature. Note |
|---|
| 1878 | that a grid volume is assumed to be either completely saturated or |
|---|
| 1879 | completely |
|---|
| 1880 | unsaturated (0%-or-100%-scheme). A simple precipitation scheme can |
|---|
| 1881 | additionally be switched on with parameter <a href="#precipitation">precipitation</a>. |
|---|
| 1882 | Also cloud-top cooling by longwave radiation can be utilized (see <a href="#radiation">radiation</a>)<br> |
|---|
| 1883 | |
|---|
| 1884 | |
|---|
| 1885 | |
|---|
| 1886 | <b><br> |
|---|
| 1887 | |
|---|
| 1888 | |
|---|
| 1889 | |
|---|
| 1890 | |
|---|
| 1891 | cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE. |
|---|
| 1892 | </span>requires <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 1893 | =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .TRUE.</span> .<br> |
|---|
| 1894 | |
|---|
| 1895 | |
|---|
| 1896 | |
|---|
| 1897 | |
|---|
| 1898 | Detailed information about the condensation scheme is given in the |
|---|
| 1899 | description of the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM-1/Dokumentationen/Cloud_physics/wolken.pdf">cloud |
|---|
| 1900 | physics module</a> (pdf-file, only in German).<br> |
|---|
| 1901 | |
|---|
| 1902 | |
|---|
| 1903 | |
|---|
| 1904 | <br> |
|---|
| 1905 | |
|---|
| 1906 | |
|---|
| 1907 | |
|---|
| 1908 | |
|---|
| 1909 | This condensation scheme is not allowed if cloud droplets are simulated |
|---|
| 1910 | explicitly (see <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 1911 | |
|---|
| 1912 | |
|---|
| 1913 | |
|---|
| 1914 | |
|---|
| 1915 | </td> |
|---|
| 1916 | |
|---|
| 1917 | |
|---|
| 1918 | |
|---|
| 1919 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1920 | |
|---|
| 1921 | |
|---|
| 1922 | |
|---|
| 1923 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1924 | |
|---|
| 1925 | |
|---|
| 1926 | |
|---|
| 1927 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow"></a>conserve_volume_flow</span></td> |
|---|
| 1928 | |
|---|
| 1929 | |
|---|
| 1930 | |
|---|
| 1931 | |
|---|
| 1932 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 1933 | |
|---|
| 1934 | |
|---|
| 1935 | |
|---|
| 1936 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 1937 | |
|---|
| 1938 | |
|---|
| 1939 | |
|---|
| 1940 | <td>Conservation |
|---|
| 1941 | of volume flow in x- and y-direction.<br> |
|---|
| 1942 | |
|---|
| 1943 | |
|---|
| 1944 | |
|---|
| 1945 | <br> |
|---|
| 1946 | |
|---|
| 1947 | |
|---|
| 1948 | |
|---|
| 1949 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
|---|
| 1950 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span> |
|---|
| 1951 | guarantees that the volume flow through the xz- or yz-cross-section of |
|---|
| 1952 | the total model domain remains constant (equal to the initial value at |
|---|
| 1953 | t=0) throughout the run.<br> |
|---|
| 1954 | |
|---|
| 1955 | |
|---|
| 1956 | |
|---|
| 1957 | |
|---|
| 1958 | </td> |
|---|
| 1959 | |
|---|
| 1960 | |
|---|
| 1961 | |
|---|
| 1962 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1963 | |
|---|
| 1964 | |
|---|
| 1965 | |
|---|
| 1966 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1967 | |
|---|
| 1968 | |
|---|
| 1969 | |
|---|
| 1970 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1971 | |
|---|
| 1972 | |
|---|
| 1973 | |
|---|
| 1974 | <p><a name="cut_spline_overshoot"></a><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></p> |
|---|
| 1975 | |
|---|
| 1976 | |
|---|
| 1977 | |
|---|
| 1978 | |
|---|
| 1979 | </td> |
|---|
| 1980 | |
|---|
| 1981 | |
|---|
| 1982 | |
|---|
| 1983 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 1984 | |
|---|
| 1985 | |
|---|
| 1986 | |
|---|
| 1987 | |
|---|
| 1988 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td> |
|---|
| 1989 | |
|---|
| 1990 | |
|---|
| 1991 | |
|---|
| 1992 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1993 | |
|---|
| 1994 | |
|---|
| 1995 | |
|---|
| 1996 | <p>Cuts off of |
|---|
| 1997 | so-called overshoots, which can occur with the |
|---|
| 1998 | upstream-spline scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 1999 | |
|---|
| 2000 | |
|---|
| 2001 | |
|---|
| 2002 | |
|---|
| 2003 | |
|---|
| 2004 | |
|---|
| 2005 | |
|---|
| 2006 | <p><font color="#000000">The cubic splines tend to overshoot in |
|---|
| 2007 | case of discontinuous changes of variables between neighbouring grid |
|---|
| 2008 | points.</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#000000">This |
|---|
| 2009 | may lead to errors in calculating the advection tendency.</font> |
|---|
| 2010 | Choice |
|---|
| 2011 | of <b>cut_spline_overshoot</b> = <i>.TRUE.</i> |
|---|
| 2012 | (switched on by |
|---|
| 2013 | default) |
|---|
| 2014 | allows variable values not to exceed an interval defined by the |
|---|
| 2015 | respective adjacent grid points. This interval can be adjusted |
|---|
| 2016 | seperately for every prognostic variable (see initialization parameters |
|---|
| 2017 | <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_pt">overshoot_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_u">overshoot_limit_u</a>, |
|---|
| 2018 | etc.). This might be necessary in case that the |
|---|
| 2019 | default interval has a non-tolerable effect on the model |
|---|
| 2020 | results. </p> |
|---|
| 2021 | |
|---|
| 2022 | |
|---|
| 2023 | |
|---|
| 2024 | |
|---|
| 2025 | |
|---|
| 2026 | |
|---|
| 2027 | |
|---|
| 2028 | <p>Overshoots may also be removed |
|---|
| 2029 | using the parameters <a href="#ups_limit_e">ups_limit_e</a>, |
|---|
| 2030 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, |
|---|
| 2031 | etc. as well as by applying a long-filter (see <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 2032 | |
|---|
| 2033 | |
|---|
| 2034 | |
|---|
| 2035 | |
|---|
| 2036 | </td> |
|---|
| 2037 | |
|---|
| 2038 | |
|---|
| 2039 | |
|---|
| 2040 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2041 | |
|---|
| 2042 | |
|---|
| 2043 | |
|---|
| 2044 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2045 | |
|---|
| 2046 | |
|---|
| 2047 | |
|---|
| 2048 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2049 | |
|---|
| 2050 | |
|---|
| 2051 | |
|---|
| 2052 | <p><a name="damp_level_1d"></a><b>damp_level_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 2053 | |
|---|
| 2054 | |
|---|
| 2055 | |
|---|
| 2056 | |
|---|
| 2057 | </td> |
|---|
| 2058 | |
|---|
| 2059 | |
|---|
| 2060 | |
|---|
| 2061 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2062 | |
|---|
| 2063 | |
|---|
| 2064 | |
|---|
| 2065 | |
|---|
| 2066 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz+1)</span></td> |
|---|
| 2067 | |
|---|
| 2068 | |
|---|
| 2069 | |
|---|
| 2070 | |
|---|
| 2071 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2072 | |
|---|
| 2073 | |
|---|
| 2074 | |
|---|
| 2075 | <p>Height where |
|---|
| 2076 | the damping layer begins in the 1d-model |
|---|
| 2077 | (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 2078 | |
|---|
| 2079 | |
|---|
| 2080 | |
|---|
| 2081 | |
|---|
| 2082 | |
|---|
| 2083 | |
|---|
| 2084 | |
|---|
| 2085 | <p>This parameter is used to |
|---|
| 2086 | switch on a damping layer for the |
|---|
| 2087 | 1d-model, which is generally needed for the damping of inertia |
|---|
| 2088 | oscillations. Damping is done by gradually increasing the value |
|---|
| 2089 | of the eddy diffusivities about 10% per vertical grid level |
|---|
| 2090 | (starting with the value at the height given by <b>damp_level_1d</b>, |
|---|
| 2091 | or possibly from the next grid pint above), i.e. K<sub>m</sub>(k+1) |
|---|
| 2092 | = |
|---|
| 2093 | 1.1 * K<sub>m</sub>(k). |
|---|
| 2094 | The values of K<sub>m</sub> are limited to 10 m**2/s at |
|---|
| 2095 | maximum. <br> |
|---|
| 2096 | |
|---|
| 2097 | |
|---|
| 2098 | |
|---|
| 2099 | |
|---|
| 2100 | This parameter only comes into effect if the 1d-model is switched on |
|---|
| 2101 | for |
|---|
| 2102 | the initialization of the 3d-model using <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 2103 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>. |
|---|
| 2104 | <br> |
|---|
| 2105 | |
|---|
| 2106 | |
|---|
| 2107 | |
|---|
| 2108 | </p> |
|---|
| 2109 | |
|---|
| 2110 | |
|---|
| 2111 | |
|---|
| 2112 | </td> |
|---|
| 2113 | |
|---|
| 2114 | |
|---|
| 2115 | |
|---|
| 2116 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2117 | |
|---|
| 2118 | |
|---|
| 2119 | |
|---|
| 2120 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2121 | |
|---|
| 2122 | |
|---|
| 2123 | |
|---|
| 2124 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dissipation_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span><br> |
|---|
| 2125 | |
|---|
| 2126 | |
|---|
| 2127 | |
|---|
| 2128 | |
|---|
| 2129 | </td> |
|---|
| 2130 | |
|---|
| 2131 | |
|---|
| 2132 | |
|---|
| 2133 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 2134 | |
|---|
| 2135 | |
|---|
| 2136 | |
|---|
| 2137 | |
|---|
| 2138 | </td> |
|---|
| 2139 | |
|---|
| 2140 | |
|---|
| 2141 | |
|---|
| 2142 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 2143 | |
|---|
| 2144 | |
|---|
| 2145 | |
|---|
| 2146 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
|---|
| 2147 | |
|---|
| 2148 | |
|---|
| 2149 | |
|---|
| 2150 | </td> |
|---|
| 2151 | |
|---|
| 2152 | |
|---|
| 2153 | |
|---|
| 2154 | |
|---|
| 2155 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculation method for |
|---|
| 2156 | the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model.<br> |
|---|
| 2157 | |
|---|
| 2158 | |
|---|
| 2159 | |
|---|
| 2160 | |
|---|
| 2161 | <br> |
|---|
| 2162 | |
|---|
| 2163 | |
|---|
| 2164 | |
|---|
| 2165 | |
|---|
| 2166 | By default the dissipation is calculated as in the 3d-model using diss |
|---|
| 2167 | = (0.19 + 0.74 * l / l_grid) * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
|---|
| 2168 | |
|---|
| 2169 | |
|---|
| 2170 | |
|---|
| 2171 | <br> |
|---|
| 2172 | |
|---|
| 2173 | |
|---|
| 2174 | |
|---|
| 2175 | |
|---|
| 2176 | Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span> |
|---|
| 2177 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'detering'</span> |
|---|
| 2178 | forces the dissipation to be calculated as diss = 0.064 * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
|---|
| 2179 | |
|---|
| 2180 | |
|---|
| 2181 | |
|---|
| 2182 | |
|---|
| 2183 | </td> |
|---|
| 2184 | |
|---|
| 2185 | |
|---|
| 2186 | |
|---|
| 2187 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2188 | |
|---|
| 2189 | |
|---|
| 2190 | |
|---|
| 2191 | |
|---|
| 2192 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2193 | |
|---|
| 2194 | |
|---|
| 2195 | |
|---|
| 2196 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2197 | |
|---|
| 2198 | |
|---|
| 2199 | |
|---|
| 2200 | <p><a name="dt"></a><b>dt</b></p> |
|---|
| 2201 | |
|---|
| 2202 | |
|---|
| 2203 | |
|---|
| 2204 | </td> |
|---|
| 2205 | |
|---|
| 2206 | |
|---|
| 2207 | |
|---|
| 2208 | |
|---|
| 2209 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2210 | |
|---|
| 2211 | |
|---|
| 2212 | |
|---|
| 2213 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">variable</span></td> |
|---|
| 2214 | |
|---|
| 2215 | |
|---|
| 2216 | |
|---|
| 2217 | |
|---|
| 2218 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2219 | |
|---|
| 2220 | |
|---|
| 2221 | |
|---|
| 2222 | <p>Time step for |
|---|
| 2223 | the 3d-model (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 2224 | |
|---|
| 2225 | |
|---|
| 2226 | |
|---|
| 2227 | |
|---|
| 2228 | |
|---|
| 2229 | |
|---|
| 2230 | |
|---|
| 2231 | <p>By default, (i.e. |
|---|
| 2232 | if a Runge-Kutta scheme is used, see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
|---|
| 2233 | the value of the time step is calculating after each time step |
|---|
| 2234 | (following the time step criteria) and |
|---|
| 2235 | used for the next step.</p> |
|---|
| 2236 | |
|---|
| 2237 | |
|---|
| 2238 | |
|---|
| 2239 | |
|---|
| 2240 | |
|---|
| 2241 | |
|---|
| 2242 | |
|---|
| 2243 | <p>If the user assigns <b>dt</b> |
|---|
| 2244 | a value, then the time step is |
|---|
| 2245 | fixed to this value throughout the whole run (whether it fulfills the |
|---|
| 2246 | time step |
|---|
| 2247 | criteria or not). However, changes are allowed for restart runs, |
|---|
| 2248 | because <b>dt</b> can also be used as a <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_laufparameter">run |
|---|
| 2249 | parameter</a>. </p> |
|---|
| 2250 | |
|---|
| 2251 | |
|---|
| 2252 | |
|---|
| 2253 | |
|---|
| 2254 | |
|---|
| 2255 | |
|---|
| 2256 | |
|---|
| 2257 | <p>In case that the |
|---|
| 2258 | calculated time step meets the condition<br> |
|---|
| 2259 | |
|---|
| 2260 | |
|---|
| 2261 | |
|---|
| 2262 | </p> |
|---|
| 2263 | |
|---|
| 2264 | |
|---|
| 2265 | |
|---|
| 2266 | |
|---|
| 2267 | |
|---|
| 2268 | |
|---|
| 2269 | |
|---|
| 2270 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2271 | |
|---|
| 2272 | |
|---|
| 2273 | |
|---|
| 2274 | |
|---|
| 2275 | |
|---|
| 2276 | |
|---|
| 2277 | |
|---|
| 2278 | <p><b>dt</b> < 0.00001 * <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a> (with dt_max |
|---|
| 2279 | = 20.0)</p> |
|---|
| 2280 | |
|---|
| 2281 | |
|---|
| 2282 | |
|---|
| 2283 | |
|---|
| 2284 | |
|---|
| 2285 | |
|---|
| 2286 | |
|---|
| 2287 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2288 | |
|---|
| 2289 | |
|---|
| 2290 | |
|---|
| 2291 | |
|---|
| 2292 | |
|---|
| 2293 | |
|---|
| 2294 | |
|---|
| 2295 | <p>the simulation will be |
|---|
| 2296 | aborted. Such situations usually arise |
|---|
| 2297 | in case of any numerical problem / instability which causes a |
|---|
| 2298 | non-realistic increase of the wind speed. </p> |
|---|
| 2299 | |
|---|
| 2300 | |
|---|
| 2301 | |
|---|
| 2302 | |
|---|
| 2303 | |
|---|
| 2304 | |
|---|
| 2305 | |
|---|
| 2306 | <p>A |
|---|
| 2307 | small time step due to a large mean horizontal windspeed |
|---|
| 2308 | speed may be enlarged by using a coordinate transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 2309 | in order to spare CPU time.<br> |
|---|
| 2310 | |
|---|
| 2311 | |
|---|
| 2312 | |
|---|
| 2313 | </p> |
|---|
| 2314 | |
|---|
| 2315 | |
|---|
| 2316 | |
|---|
| 2317 | |
|---|
| 2318 | |
|---|
| 2319 | |
|---|
| 2320 | |
|---|
| 2321 | <p>If the |
|---|
| 2322 | leapfrog timestep scheme is used (see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
|---|
| 2323 | a temporary time step value dt_new is calculated first, with dt_new = <a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor">cfl_factor</a> |
|---|
| 2324 | * dt_crit where dt_crit is the maximum timestep allowed by the CFL and |
|---|
| 2325 | diffusion condition. Next it is examined whether dt_new exceeds or |
|---|
| 2326 | falls below the |
|---|
| 2327 | value of the previous timestep by at |
|---|
| 2328 | least +5 % / -2%. If it is smaller, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span> |
|---|
| 2329 | = dt_new is immediately used for the next timestep. If it is larger, |
|---|
| 2330 | then <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt </span>= |
|---|
| 2331 | 1.02 * dt_prev |
|---|
| 2332 | (previous timestep) is used as the new timestep, however the time |
|---|
| 2333 | step is only increased if the last change of the time step is dated |
|---|
| 2334 | back at |
|---|
| 2335 | least 30 iterations. If dt_new is located in the interval mentioned |
|---|
| 2336 | above, then dt |
|---|
| 2337 | does not change at all. By doing so, permanent time step changes as |
|---|
| 2338 | well as large |
|---|
| 2339 | sudden changes (increases) in the time step are avoided.</p> |
|---|
| 2340 | |
|---|
| 2341 | |
|---|
| 2342 | |
|---|
| 2343 | </td> |
|---|
| 2344 | |
|---|
| 2345 | |
|---|
| 2346 | |
|---|
| 2347 | |
|---|
| 2348 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2349 | |
|---|
| 2350 | |
|---|
| 2351 | |
|---|
| 2352 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2353 | |
|---|
| 2354 | |
|---|
| 2355 | |
|---|
| 2356 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2357 | |
|---|
| 2358 | |
|---|
| 2359 | |
|---|
| 2360 | <p><a name="dt_pr_1d"></a><b>dt_pr_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 2361 | |
|---|
| 2362 | |
|---|
| 2363 | |
|---|
| 2364 | |
|---|
| 2365 | </td> |
|---|
| 2366 | |
|---|
| 2367 | |
|---|
| 2368 | |
|---|
| 2369 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2370 | |
|---|
| 2371 | |
|---|
| 2372 | |
|---|
| 2373 | |
|---|
| 2374 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
|---|
| 2375 | |
|---|
| 2376 | |
|---|
| 2377 | |
|---|
| 2378 | |
|---|
| 2379 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2380 | |
|---|
| 2381 | |
|---|
| 2382 | |
|---|
| 2383 | <p>Temporal |
|---|
| 2384 | interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model |
|---|
| 2385 | (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 2386 | |
|---|
| 2387 | |
|---|
| 2388 | |
|---|
| 2389 | |
|---|
| 2390 | |
|---|
| 2391 | |
|---|
| 2392 | |
|---|
| 2393 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
|---|
| 2394 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL_1D">LIST_PROFIL_1D</a>. |
|---|
| 2395 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model has been switched on |
|---|
| 2396 | for the |
|---|
| 2397 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 2398 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 2399 | |
|---|
| 2400 | |
|---|
| 2401 | |
|---|
| 2402 | |
|---|
| 2403 | </td> |
|---|
| 2404 | |
|---|
| 2405 | |
|---|
| 2406 | |
|---|
| 2407 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2408 | |
|---|
| 2409 | |
|---|
| 2410 | |
|---|
| 2411 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2412 | |
|---|
| 2413 | |
|---|
| 2414 | |
|---|
| 2415 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2416 | |
|---|
| 2417 | |
|---|
| 2418 | |
|---|
| 2419 | <p><a name="dt_run_control_1d"></a><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 2420 | |
|---|
| 2421 | |
|---|
| 2422 | |
|---|
| 2423 | |
|---|
| 2424 | </td> |
|---|
| 2425 | |
|---|
| 2426 | |
|---|
| 2427 | |
|---|
| 2428 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2429 | |
|---|
| 2430 | |
|---|
| 2431 | |
|---|
| 2432 | |
|---|
| 2433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">60.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2434 | |
|---|
| 2435 | |
|---|
| 2436 | |
|---|
| 2437 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2438 | |
|---|
| 2439 | |
|---|
| 2440 | |
|---|
| 2441 | <p>Temporal interval of |
|---|
| 2442 | runtime control output of the 1d-model |
|---|
| 2443 | (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 2444 | |
|---|
| 2445 | |
|---|
| 2446 | |
|---|
| 2447 | |
|---|
| 2448 | |
|---|
| 2449 | |
|---|
| 2450 | |
|---|
| 2451 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
|---|
| 2452 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
|---|
| 2453 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
|---|
| 2454 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 2455 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 2456 | |
|---|
| 2457 | |
|---|
| 2458 | |
|---|
| 2459 | |
|---|
| 2460 | </td> |
|---|
| 2461 | |
|---|
| 2462 | |
|---|
| 2463 | |
|---|
| 2464 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2465 | |
|---|
| 2466 | |
|---|
| 2467 | |
|---|
| 2468 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2469 | |
|---|
| 2470 | |
|---|
| 2471 | |
|---|
| 2472 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2473 | |
|---|
| 2474 | |
|---|
| 2475 | |
|---|
| 2476 | <p><a name="dx"></a><b>dx</b></p> |
|---|
| 2477 | |
|---|
| 2478 | |
|---|
| 2479 | |
|---|
| 2480 | |
|---|
| 2481 | </td> |
|---|
| 2482 | |
|---|
| 2483 | |
|---|
| 2484 | |
|---|
| 2485 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2486 | |
|---|
| 2487 | |
|---|
| 2488 | |
|---|
| 2489 | |
|---|
| 2490 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2491 | |
|---|
| 2492 | |
|---|
| 2493 | |
|---|
| 2494 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2495 | |
|---|
| 2496 | |
|---|
| 2497 | |
|---|
| 2498 | <p>Horizontal grid |
|---|
| 2499 | spacing along the x-direction (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 2500 | |
|---|
| 2501 | |
|---|
| 2502 | |
|---|
| 2503 | |
|---|
| 2504 | |
|---|
| 2505 | |
|---|
| 2506 | |
|---|
| 2507 | <p>Along |
|---|
| 2508 | x-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
|---|
| 2509 | |
|---|
| 2510 | |
|---|
| 2511 | |
|---|
| 2512 | |
|---|
| 2513 | |
|---|
| 2514 | |
|---|
| 2515 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 2516 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 2517 | |
|---|
| 2518 | |
|---|
| 2519 | |
|---|
| 2520 | </td> |
|---|
| 2521 | |
|---|
| 2522 | |
|---|
| 2523 | |
|---|
| 2524 | |
|---|
| 2525 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2526 | |
|---|
| 2527 | |
|---|
| 2528 | |
|---|
| 2529 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2530 | |
|---|
| 2531 | |
|---|
| 2532 | |
|---|
| 2533 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2534 | |
|---|
| 2535 | |
|---|
| 2536 | |
|---|
| 2537 | <p><a name="dy"></a><b>dy</b></p> |
|---|
| 2538 | |
|---|
| 2539 | |
|---|
| 2540 | |
|---|
| 2541 | |
|---|
| 2542 | </td> |
|---|
| 2543 | |
|---|
| 2544 | |
|---|
| 2545 | |
|---|
| 2546 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2547 | |
|---|
| 2548 | |
|---|
| 2549 | |
|---|
| 2550 | |
|---|
| 2551 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2552 | |
|---|
| 2553 | |
|---|
| 2554 | |
|---|
| 2555 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2556 | |
|---|
| 2557 | |
|---|
| 2558 | |
|---|
| 2559 | <p>Horizontal grid |
|---|
| 2560 | spacing along the y-direction (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 2561 | |
|---|
| 2562 | |
|---|
| 2563 | |
|---|
| 2564 | |
|---|
| 2565 | |
|---|
| 2566 | |
|---|
| 2567 | |
|---|
| 2568 | <p>Along y-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
|---|
| 2569 | |
|---|
| 2570 | |
|---|
| 2571 | |
|---|
| 2572 | |
|---|
| 2573 | |
|---|
| 2574 | |
|---|
| 2575 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 2576 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 2577 | |
|---|
| 2578 | |
|---|
| 2579 | |
|---|
| 2580 | </td> |
|---|
| 2581 | |
|---|
| 2582 | |
|---|
| 2583 | |
|---|
| 2584 | |
|---|
| 2585 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2586 | |
|---|
| 2587 | |
|---|
| 2588 | |
|---|
| 2589 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2590 | |
|---|
| 2591 | |
|---|
| 2592 | |
|---|
| 2593 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2594 | |
|---|
| 2595 | |
|---|
| 2596 | |
|---|
| 2597 | <p><a name="dz"></a><b>dz</b></p> |
|---|
| 2598 | |
|---|
| 2599 | |
|---|
| 2600 | |
|---|
| 2601 | |
|---|
| 2602 | </td> |
|---|
| 2603 | |
|---|
| 2604 | |
|---|
| 2605 | |
|---|
| 2606 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2607 | |
|---|
| 2608 | |
|---|
| 2609 | |
|---|
| 2610 | |
|---|
| 2611 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 2612 | |
|---|
| 2613 | |
|---|
| 2614 | |
|---|
| 2615 | </td> |
|---|
| 2616 | |
|---|
| 2617 | |
|---|
| 2618 | |
|---|
| 2619 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2620 | |
|---|
| 2621 | |
|---|
| 2622 | |
|---|
| 2623 | <p>Vertical grid |
|---|
| 2624 | spacing (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 2625 | |
|---|
| 2626 | |
|---|
| 2627 | |
|---|
| 2628 | |
|---|
| 2629 | |
|---|
| 2630 | |
|---|
| 2631 | |
|---|
| 2632 | <p>This parameter must be |
|---|
| 2633 | assigned by the user, because no |
|---|
| 2634 | default value is given.<br> |
|---|
| 2635 | |
|---|
| 2636 | |
|---|
| 2637 | |
|---|
| 2638 | </p> |
|---|
| 2639 | |
|---|
| 2640 | |
|---|
| 2641 | |
|---|
| 2642 | |
|---|
| 2643 | |
|---|
| 2644 | |
|---|
| 2645 | |
|---|
| 2646 | <p>By default, the |
|---|
| 2647 | model uses constant grid spacing along z-direction, but it can be |
|---|
| 2648 | stretched using the parameters <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a> |
|---|
| 2649 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>. |
|---|
| 2650 | In case of stretching, a maximum allowed grid spacing can be given by <a href="#dz_max">dz_max</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 2651 | |
|---|
| 2652 | |
|---|
| 2653 | |
|---|
| 2654 | </p> |
|---|
| 2655 | |
|---|
| 2656 | |
|---|
| 2657 | |
|---|
| 2658 | |
|---|
| 2659 | |
|---|
| 2660 | |
|---|
| 2661 | |
|---|
| 2662 | <p>Assuming |
|---|
| 2663 | a constant <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz</span>, |
|---|
| 2664 | the scalar levels (zu) are calculated directly by: </p> |
|---|
| 2665 | |
|---|
| 2666 | |
|---|
| 2667 | |
|---|
| 2668 | |
|---|
| 2669 | |
|---|
| 2670 | |
|---|
| 2671 | |
|---|
| 2672 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2673 | |
|---|
| 2674 | |
|---|
| 2675 | |
|---|
| 2676 | |
|---|
| 2677 | |
|---|
| 2678 | |
|---|
| 2679 | |
|---|
| 2680 | <p>zu(0) = - dz * 0.5 <br> |
|---|
| 2681 | |
|---|
| 2682 | |
|---|
| 2683 | |
|---|
| 2684 | |
|---|
| 2685 | zu(1) = dz * 0.5</p> |
|---|
| 2686 | |
|---|
| 2687 | |
|---|
| 2688 | |
|---|
| 2689 | |
|---|
| 2690 | |
|---|
| 2691 | |
|---|
| 2692 | |
|---|
| 2693 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2694 | |
|---|
| 2695 | |
|---|
| 2696 | |
|---|
| 2697 | |
|---|
| 2698 | |
|---|
| 2699 | |
|---|
| 2700 | |
|---|
| 2701 | <p>The w-levels lie |
|---|
| 2702 | half between them: </p> |
|---|
| 2703 | |
|---|
| 2704 | |
|---|
| 2705 | |
|---|
| 2706 | |
|---|
| 2707 | |
|---|
| 2708 | |
|---|
| 2709 | |
|---|
| 2710 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2711 | |
|---|
| 2712 | |
|---|
| 2713 | |
|---|
| 2714 | |
|---|
| 2715 | |
|---|
| 2716 | |
|---|
| 2717 | |
|---|
| 2718 | <p>zw(k) = |
|---|
| 2719 | ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p> |
|---|
| 2720 | |
|---|
| 2721 | |
|---|
| 2722 | |
|---|
| 2723 | |
|---|
| 2724 | |
|---|
| 2725 | |
|---|
| 2726 | |
|---|
| 2727 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2728 | |
|---|
| 2729 | |
|---|
| 2730 | |
|---|
| 2731 | </td> |
|---|
| 2732 | |
|---|
| 2733 | |
|---|
| 2734 | |
|---|
| 2735 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2736 | |
|---|
| 2737 | |
|---|
| 2738 | |
|---|
| 2739 | |
|---|
| 2740 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2741 | |
|---|
| 2742 | |
|---|
| 2743 | |
|---|
| 2744 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dz_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span></td> |
|---|
| 2745 | |
|---|
| 2746 | |
|---|
| 2747 | |
|---|
| 2748 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2749 | |
|---|
| 2750 | |
|---|
| 2751 | |
|---|
| 2752 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
|---|
| 2753 | |
|---|
| 2754 | |
|---|
| 2755 | |
|---|
| 2756 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed maximum vertical grid |
|---|
| 2757 | spacing (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 2758 | |
|---|
| 2759 | |
|---|
| 2760 | |
|---|
| 2761 | <br> |
|---|
| 2762 | |
|---|
| 2763 | |
|---|
| 2764 | |
|---|
| 2765 | If the vertical grid is stretched |
|---|
| 2766 | (see <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a> |
|---|
| 2767 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>), |
|---|
| 2768 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span> can |
|---|
| 2769 | be used to limit the vertical grid spacing.</td> |
|---|
| 2770 | |
|---|
| 2771 | |
|---|
| 2772 | |
|---|
| 2773 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2774 | |
|---|
| 2775 | |
|---|
| 2776 | |
|---|
| 2777 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2778 | |
|---|
| 2779 | |
|---|
| 2780 | |
|---|
| 2781 | |
|---|
| 2782 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2783 | |
|---|
| 2784 | |
|---|
| 2785 | |
|---|
| 2786 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_factor"></a><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></p> |
|---|
| 2787 | |
|---|
| 2788 | |
|---|
| 2789 | |
|---|
| 2790 | |
|---|
| 2791 | </td> |
|---|
| 2792 | |
|---|
| 2793 | |
|---|
| 2794 | |
|---|
| 2795 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2796 | |
|---|
| 2797 | |
|---|
| 2798 | |
|---|
| 2799 | |
|---|
| 2800 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.08</span></td> |
|---|
| 2801 | |
|---|
| 2802 | |
|---|
| 2803 | |
|---|
| 2804 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2805 | |
|---|
| 2806 | |
|---|
| 2807 | |
|---|
| 2808 | <p>Stretch factor for a |
|---|
| 2809 | vertically stretched grid (see <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>). |
|---|
| 2810 | </p> |
|---|
| 2811 | |
|---|
| 2812 | |
|---|
| 2813 | |
|---|
| 2814 | |
|---|
| 2815 | |
|---|
| 2816 | |
|---|
| 2817 | |
|---|
| 2818 | <p>The stretch factor should not exceed a value of |
|---|
| 2819 | approx. 1.10 - |
|---|
| 2820 | 1.12, otherwise the discretization errors due to the stretched grid not |
|---|
| 2821 | negligible any more. (refer Kalnay de Rivas)</p> |
|---|
| 2822 | |
|---|
| 2823 | |
|---|
| 2824 | |
|---|
| 2825 | </td> |
|---|
| 2826 | |
|---|
| 2827 | |
|---|
| 2828 | |
|---|
| 2829 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2830 | |
|---|
| 2831 | |
|---|
| 2832 | |
|---|
| 2833 | |
|---|
| 2834 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2835 | |
|---|
| 2836 | |
|---|
| 2837 | |
|---|
| 2838 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2839 | |
|---|
| 2840 | |
|---|
| 2841 | |
|---|
| 2842 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_level"></a><b>dz_stretch_level</b></p> |
|---|
| 2843 | |
|---|
| 2844 | |
|---|
| 2845 | |
|---|
| 2846 | |
|---|
| 2847 | </td> |
|---|
| 2848 | |
|---|
| 2849 | |
|---|
| 2850 | |
|---|
| 2851 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2852 | |
|---|
| 2853 | |
|---|
| 2854 | |
|---|
| 2855 | |
|---|
| 2856 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100000.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 2857 | |
|---|
| 2858 | |
|---|
| 2859 | |
|---|
| 2860 | </td> |
|---|
| 2861 | |
|---|
| 2862 | |
|---|
| 2863 | |
|---|
| 2864 | |
|---|
| 2865 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2866 | |
|---|
| 2867 | |
|---|
| 2868 | |
|---|
| 2869 | <p>Height level |
|---|
| 2870 | above/below which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 2871 | vertically (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 2872 | |
|---|
| 2873 | |
|---|
| 2874 | |
|---|
| 2875 | |
|---|
| 2876 | |
|---|
| 2877 | |
|---|
| 2878 | |
|---|
| 2879 | <p>For <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> = .F., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m) <span style="font-weight: bold;">above </span>which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 2880 | vertically. The vertical grid |
|---|
| 2881 | spacings <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 2882 | above this level are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 2883 | |
|---|
| 2884 | |
|---|
| 2885 | |
|---|
| 2886 | |
|---|
| 2887 | |
|---|
| 2888 | |
|---|
| 2889 | |
|---|
| 2890 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2891 | |
|---|
| 2892 | |
|---|
| 2893 | |
|---|
| 2894 | |
|---|
| 2895 | |
|---|
| 2896 | |
|---|
| 2897 | |
|---|
| 2898 | <p><b>dz</b>(k+1) |
|---|
| 2899 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a></p> |
|---|
| 2900 | |
|---|
| 2901 | |
|---|
| 2902 | |
|---|
| 2903 | |
|---|
| 2904 | |
|---|
| 2905 | |
|---|
| 2906 | |
|---|
| 2907 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2908 | |
|---|
| 2909 | |
|---|
| 2910 | |
|---|
| 2911 | |
|---|
| 2912 | |
|---|
| 2913 | |
|---|
| 2914 | |
|---|
| 2915 | <p>and used as spacings for the scalar levels (zu). |
|---|
| 2916 | The |
|---|
| 2917 | w-levels are then defined as: </p> |
|---|
| 2918 | |
|---|
| 2919 | |
|---|
| 2920 | |
|---|
| 2921 | |
|---|
| 2922 | |
|---|
| 2923 | |
|---|
| 2924 | |
|---|
| 2925 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2926 | |
|---|
| 2927 | |
|---|
| 2928 | |
|---|
| 2929 | |
|---|
| 2930 | |
|---|
| 2931 | |
|---|
| 2932 | |
|---|
| 2933 | <p>zw(k) |
|---|
| 2934 | = ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5. |
|---|
| 2935 | |
|---|
| 2936 | |
|---|
| 2937 | |
|---|
| 2938 | </p> |
|---|
| 2939 | |
|---|
| 2940 | |
|---|
| 2941 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2942 | |
|---|
| 2943 | |
|---|
| 2944 | <p>For <a href="#ocean">ocean</a> = .T., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m, negative) <span style="font-weight: bold;">below</span> which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 2945 | vertically. The vertical grid |
|---|
| 2946 | spacings <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz">dz</a> below this level are calculated correspondingly as |
|---|
| 2947 | |
|---|
| 2948 | |
|---|
| 2949 | |
|---|
| 2950 | </p> |
|---|
| 2951 | |
|---|
| 2952 | |
|---|
| 2953 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2954 | |
|---|
| 2955 | |
|---|
| 2956 | <p><b>dz</b>(k-1) |
|---|
| 2957 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 2958 | |
|---|
| 2959 | |
|---|
| 2960 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2961 | |
|---|
| 2962 | |
|---|
| 2963 | |
|---|
| 2964 | </td> |
|---|
| 2965 | |
|---|
| 2966 | |
|---|
| 2967 | |
|---|
| 2968 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2969 | |
|---|
| 2970 | |
|---|
| 2971 | |
|---|
| 2972 | |
|---|
| 2973 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2974 | |
|---|
| 2975 | |
|---|
| 2976 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_init"></a>e_init</span></td> |
|---|
| 2977 | |
|---|
| 2978 | |
|---|
| 2979 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2980 | |
|---|
| 2981 | |
|---|
| 2982 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2983 | |
|---|
| 2984 | |
|---|
| 2985 | <td>Initial subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
|---|
| 2986 | |
|---|
| 2987 | |
|---|
| 2988 | |
|---|
| 2989 | |
|---|
| 2990 | <br> |
|---|
| 2991 | |
|---|
| 2992 | |
|---|
| 2993 | |
|---|
| 2994 | This |
|---|
| 2995 | option prescribes an initial subgrid-scale TKE from which the initial diffusion coefficients K<sub>m</sub> and K<sub>h</sub> will be calculated if <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_init</span> is positive. This option only has an effect if <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a> is not set.</td> |
|---|
| 2996 | |
|---|
| 2997 | |
|---|
| 2998 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2999 | |
|---|
| 3000 | |
|---|
| 3001 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3002 | |
|---|
| 3003 | |
|---|
| 3004 | |
|---|
| 3005 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_min"></a>e_min</span></td> |
|---|
| 3006 | |
|---|
| 3007 | |
|---|
| 3008 | |
|---|
| 3009 | |
|---|
| 3010 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3011 | |
|---|
| 3012 | |
|---|
| 3013 | |
|---|
| 3014 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 3015 | |
|---|
| 3016 | |
|---|
| 3017 | |
|---|
| 3018 | <td>Minimum |
|---|
| 3019 | subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
|---|
| 3020 | |
|---|
| 3021 | |
|---|
| 3022 | |
|---|
| 3023 | |
|---|
| 3024 | <br> |
|---|
| 3025 | |
|---|
| 3026 | |
|---|
| 3027 | |
|---|
| 3028 | This |
|---|
| 3029 | option adds artificial viscosity to the flow by ensuring that |
|---|
| 3030 | the |
|---|
| 3031 | subgrid-scale TKE does not fall below the minimum threshold <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_min</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 3032 | |
|---|
| 3033 | |
|---|
| 3034 | |
|---|
| 3035 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3036 | |
|---|
| 3037 | |
|---|
| 3038 | |
|---|
| 3039 | |
|---|
| 3040 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3041 | |
|---|
| 3042 | |
|---|
| 3043 | |
|---|
| 3044 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3045 | |
|---|
| 3046 | |
|---|
| 3047 | |
|---|
| 3048 | <p><a name="end_time_1d"></a><b>end_time_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 3049 | |
|---|
| 3050 | |
|---|
| 3051 | |
|---|
| 3052 | |
|---|
| 3053 | </td> |
|---|
| 3054 | |
|---|
| 3055 | |
|---|
| 3056 | |
|---|
| 3057 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3058 | |
|---|
| 3059 | |
|---|
| 3060 | |
|---|
| 3061 | |
|---|
| 3062 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">864000.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 3063 | |
|---|
| 3064 | |
|---|
| 3065 | |
|---|
| 3066 | </td> |
|---|
| 3067 | |
|---|
| 3068 | |
|---|
| 3069 | |
|---|
| 3070 | |
|---|
| 3071 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3072 | |
|---|
| 3073 | |
|---|
| 3074 | |
|---|
| 3075 | <p>Time to be |
|---|
| 3076 | simulated for the 1d-model (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 3077 | |
|---|
| 3078 | |
|---|
| 3079 | |
|---|
| 3080 | |
|---|
| 3081 | |
|---|
| 3082 | |
|---|
| 3083 | |
|---|
| 3084 | <p>The |
|---|
| 3085 | default value corresponds to a simulated time of 10 days. |
|---|
| 3086 | Usually, after such a period the inertia oscillations have completely |
|---|
| 3087 | decayed and the solution of the 1d-model can be regarded as stationary |
|---|
| 3088 | (see <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>). |
|---|
| 3089 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
|---|
| 3090 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 3091 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 3092 | |
|---|
| 3093 | |
|---|
| 3094 | |
|---|
| 3095 | |
|---|
| 3096 | </td> |
|---|
| 3097 | |
|---|
| 3098 | |
|---|
| 3099 | |
|---|
| 3100 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3101 | |
|---|
| 3102 | |
|---|
| 3103 | |
|---|
| 3104 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3105 | |
|---|
| 3106 | |
|---|
| 3107 | |
|---|
| 3108 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3109 | |
|---|
| 3110 | |
|---|
| 3111 | |
|---|
| 3112 | <p><a name="fft_method"></a><b>fft_method</b></p> |
|---|
| 3113 | |
|---|
| 3114 | |
|---|
| 3115 | |
|---|
| 3116 | |
|---|
| 3117 | </td> |
|---|
| 3118 | |
|---|
| 3119 | |
|---|
| 3120 | |
|---|
| 3121 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 3122 | |
|---|
| 3123 | |
|---|
| 3124 | |
|---|
| 3125 | |
|---|
| 3126 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'system-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 3127 | |
|---|
| 3128 | |
|---|
| 3129 | |
|---|
| 3130 | <span style="font-style: italic;">specific'</span></td> |
|---|
| 3131 | |
|---|
| 3132 | |
|---|
| 3133 | |
|---|
| 3134 | |
|---|
| 3135 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3136 | |
|---|
| 3137 | |
|---|
| 3138 | |
|---|
| 3139 | <p>FFT-method to |
|---|
| 3140 | be used.<br> |
|---|
| 3141 | |
|---|
| 3142 | |
|---|
| 3143 | |
|---|
| 3144 | </p> |
|---|
| 3145 | |
|---|
| 3146 | |
|---|
| 3147 | |
|---|
| 3148 | |
|---|
| 3149 | |
|---|
| 3150 | |
|---|
| 3151 | |
|---|
| 3152 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 3153 | |
|---|
| 3154 | |
|---|
| 3155 | |
|---|
| 3156 | |
|---|
| 3157 | The fast fourier transformation (FFT) is used for solving the |
|---|
| 3158 | perturbation pressure equation with a direct method (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 3159 | and for calculating power spectra (see optional software packages, |
|---|
| 3160 | section <a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_package">4.2</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 3161 | |
|---|
| 3162 | |
|---|
| 3163 | |
|---|
| 3164 | |
|---|
| 3165 | |
|---|
| 3166 | |
|---|
| 3167 | |
|---|
| 3168 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 3169 | |
|---|
| 3170 | |
|---|
| 3171 | |
|---|
| 3172 | |
|---|
| 3173 | By default, system-specific, optimized routines from external |
|---|
| 3174 | vendor libraries are used. However, these are available only on certain |
|---|
| 3175 | computers and there are more or less severe restrictions concerning the |
|---|
| 3176 | number of gridpoints to be used with them.<br> |
|---|
| 3177 | |
|---|
| 3178 | |
|---|
| 3179 | |
|---|
| 3180 | </p> |
|---|
| 3181 | |
|---|
| 3182 | |
|---|
| 3183 | |
|---|
| 3184 | |
|---|
| 3185 | |
|---|
| 3186 | |
|---|
| 3187 | |
|---|
| 3188 | <p>There |
|---|
| 3189 | are two other PALM internal methods available on every |
|---|
| 3190 | machine (their respective source code is part of the PALM source code):</p> |
|---|
| 3191 | |
|---|
| 3192 | |
|---|
| 3193 | |
|---|
| 3194 | |
|---|
| 3195 | |
|---|
| 3196 | |
|---|
| 3197 | |
|---|
| 3198 | <p>1.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Temperton</span>-method |
|---|
| 3199 | from Clive Temperton (ECWMF) which is computationally very fast and |
|---|
| 3200 | switched on with <b>fft_method</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperton-algorithm'</span>. |
|---|
| 3201 | The number of horizontal gridpoints (nx+1, ny+1) to be used with this |
|---|
| 3202 | method must be composed of prime factors 2, 3 and 5.<br> |
|---|
| 3203 | |
|---|
| 3204 | |
|---|
| 3205 | |
|---|
| 3206 | </p> |
|---|
| 3207 | |
|---|
| 3208 | |
|---|
| 3209 | |
|---|
| 3210 | |
|---|
| 3211 | 2.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Singleton</span>-method |
|---|
| 3212 | which is very slow but has no restrictions concerning the number of |
|---|
| 3213 | gridpoints to be used with, switched on with <b>fft_method</b> |
|---|
| 3214 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'singleton-algorithm'</span>. |
|---|
| 3215 | </td> |
|---|
| 3216 | |
|---|
| 3217 | |
|---|
| 3218 | |
|---|
| 3219 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3220 | |
|---|
| 3221 | |
|---|
| 3222 | |
|---|
| 3223 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3224 | |
|---|
| 3225 | |
|---|
| 3226 | |
|---|
| 3227 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3228 | |
|---|
| 3229 | |
|---|
| 3230 | |
|---|
| 3231 | <p><a name="galilei_transformation"></a><b>galilei_transformation</b></p> |
|---|
| 3232 | |
|---|
| 3233 | |
|---|
| 3234 | |
|---|
| 3235 | |
|---|
| 3236 | </td> |
|---|
| 3237 | |
|---|
| 3238 | |
|---|
| 3239 | |
|---|
| 3240 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 3241 | |
|---|
| 3242 | |
|---|
| 3243 | |
|---|
| 3244 | |
|---|
| 3245 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 3246 | |
|---|
| 3247 | |
|---|
| 3248 | |
|---|
| 3249 | |
|---|
| 3250 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Application of a |
|---|
| 3251 | Galilei-transformation to the |
|---|
| 3252 | coordinate |
|---|
| 3253 | system of the model.<br> |
|---|
| 3254 | |
|---|
| 3255 | |
|---|
| 3256 | |
|---|
| 3257 | |
|---|
| 3258 | |
|---|
| 3259 | |
|---|
| 3260 | <p>With <b>galilei_transformation</b> |
|---|
| 3261 | = <i>.T.,</i> a so-called |
|---|
| 3262 | Galilei-transformation is switched on which ensures that the coordinate |
|---|
| 3263 | system of the model is moved along with the geostrophical wind. |
|---|
| 3264 | Alternatively, the model domain can be moved along with the averaged |
|---|
| 3265 | horizontal wind (see <a href="#use_ug_for_galilei_tr">use_ug_for_galilei_tr</a>, |
|---|
| 3266 | this can and will naturally change in time). With this method, |
|---|
| 3267 | numerical inaccuracies of the Piascek - Williams - scheme (concerns in |
|---|
| 3268 | particular the momentum advection) are minimized. Beyond that, in the |
|---|
| 3269 | majority of cases the lower relative velocities in the moved system |
|---|
| 3270 | permit a larger time step (<a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
|---|
| 3271 | Switching the transformation on is only worthwhile if the geostrophical |
|---|
| 3272 | wind (ug, vg) |
|---|
| 3273 | and the averaged horizontal wind clearly deviate from the value 0. In |
|---|
| 3274 | each case, the distance the coordinate system has been moved is written |
|---|
| 3275 | to the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
|---|
| 3276 | </p> |
|---|
| 3277 | |
|---|
| 3278 | |
|---|
| 3279 | |
|---|
| 3280 | |
|---|
| 3281 | |
|---|
| 3282 | |
|---|
| 3283 | |
|---|
| 3284 | <p>Non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 3285 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), the specification |
|---|
| 3286 | of a gestrophic |
|---|
| 3287 | wind that is not constant with height |
|---|
| 3288 | as well as e.g. stationary inhomogeneities at the bottom boundary do |
|---|
| 3289 | not allow the use of this transformation.</p> |
|---|
| 3290 | |
|---|
| 3291 | |
|---|
| 3292 | |
|---|
| 3293 | </td> |
|---|
| 3294 | |
|---|
| 3295 | |
|---|
| 3296 | |
|---|
| 3297 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3298 | |
|---|
| 3299 | |
|---|
| 3300 | |
|---|
| 3301 | |
|---|
| 3302 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3303 | |
|---|
| 3304 | |
|---|
| 3305 | |
|---|
| 3306 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3307 | |
|---|
| 3308 | |
|---|
| 3309 | |
|---|
| 3310 | <p><a name="grid_matching"></a><b>grid_matching</b></p> |
|---|
| 3311 | |
|---|
| 3312 | |
|---|
| 3313 | |
|---|
| 3314 | |
|---|
| 3315 | </td> |
|---|
| 3316 | |
|---|
| 3317 | |
|---|
| 3318 | |
|---|
| 3319 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 6</td> |
|---|
| 3320 | |
|---|
| 3321 | |
|---|
| 3322 | |
|---|
| 3323 | |
|---|
| 3324 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'match'</span></td> |
|---|
| 3325 | |
|---|
| 3326 | |
|---|
| 3327 | |
|---|
| 3328 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variable to adjust the |
|---|
| 3329 | subdomain |
|---|
| 3330 | sizes in parallel runs.<br> |
|---|
| 3331 | |
|---|
| 3332 | |
|---|
| 3333 | |
|---|
| 3334 | <br> |
|---|
| 3335 | |
|---|
| 3336 | |
|---|
| 3337 | |
|---|
| 3338 | |
|---|
| 3339 | For <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 3340 | the subdomains are forced to have an identical |
|---|
| 3341 | size on all processors. In this case the processor numbers in the |
|---|
| 3342 | respective directions of the virtual processor net must fulfill certain |
|---|
| 3343 | divisor conditions concerning the grid point numbers in the three |
|---|
| 3344 | directions (see <a href="#nx">nx</a>, <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 3345 | and <a href="#nz">nz</a>). |
|---|
| 3346 | Advantage of this method is that all PEs bear the same computational |
|---|
| 3347 | load.<br> |
|---|
| 3348 | |
|---|
| 3349 | |
|---|
| 3350 | |
|---|
| 3351 | <br> |
|---|
| 3352 | |
|---|
| 3353 | |
|---|
| 3354 | |
|---|
| 3355 | |
|---|
| 3356 | There is no such restriction by default, because then smaller |
|---|
| 3357 | subdomains are allowed on those processors which |
|---|
| 3358 | form the right and/or north boundary of the virtual processor grid. On |
|---|
| 3359 | all other processors the subdomains are of same size. Whether smaller |
|---|
| 3360 | subdomains are actually used, depends on the number of processors and |
|---|
| 3361 | the grid point numbers used. Information about the respective settings |
|---|
| 3362 | are given in file <a href="file:///home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 3363 | |
|---|
| 3364 | |
|---|
| 3365 | |
|---|
| 3366 | |
|---|
| 3367 | <br> |
|---|
| 3368 | |
|---|
| 3369 | |
|---|
| 3370 | |
|---|
| 3371 | |
|---|
| 3372 | When using a multi-grid method for solving the Poisson equation (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 3373 | only <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span> |
|---|
| 3374 | is allowed.<br> |
|---|
| 3375 | |
|---|
| 3376 | |
|---|
| 3377 | |
|---|
| 3378 | <br> |
|---|
| 3379 | |
|---|
| 3380 | |
|---|
| 3381 | |
|---|
| 3382 | <b>Note:</b><br> |
|---|
| 3383 | |
|---|
| 3384 | |
|---|
| 3385 | |
|---|
| 3386 | |
|---|
| 3387 | In some cases for small processor numbers there may be a very bad load |
|---|
| 3388 | balancing among the |
|---|
| 3389 | processors which may reduce the performance of the code.</td> |
|---|
| 3390 | |
|---|
| 3391 | |
|---|
| 3392 | |
|---|
| 3393 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3394 | |
|---|
| 3395 | |
|---|
| 3396 | |
|---|
| 3397 | |
|---|
| 3398 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3399 | |
|---|
| 3400 | |
|---|
| 3401 | |
|---|
| 3402 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_begin"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
|---|
| 3403 | |
|---|
| 3404 | |
|---|
| 3405 | |
|---|
| 3406 | |
|---|
| 3407 | begin</b></td> |
|---|
| 3408 | |
|---|
| 3409 | |
|---|
| 3410 | |
|---|
| 3411 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 3412 | |
|---|
| 3413 | |
|---|
| 3414 | |
|---|
| 3415 | |
|---|
| 3416 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 3417 | |
|---|
| 3418 | |
|---|
| 3419 | |
|---|
| 3420 | <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td> |
|---|
| 3421 | |
|---|
| 3422 | |
|---|
| 3423 | |
|---|
| 3424 | |
|---|
| 3425 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Lower |
|---|
| 3426 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be |
|---|
| 3427 | imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 3428 | |
|---|
| 3429 | |
|---|
| 3430 | |
|---|
| 3431 | <br> |
|---|
| 3432 | |
|---|
| 3433 | |
|---|
| 3434 | |
|---|
| 3435 | |
|---|
| 3436 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 3437 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 3438 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
|---|
| 3439 | the inflow) from which on perturbations are imposed on the |
|---|
| 3440 | horizontal velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with |
|---|
| 3441 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 3442 | |
|---|
| 3443 | |
|---|
| 3444 | |
|---|
| 3445 | |
|---|
| 3446 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3447 | |
|---|
| 3448 | |
|---|
| 3449 | |
|---|
| 3450 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3451 | |
|---|
| 3452 | |
|---|
| 3453 | |
|---|
| 3454 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_end"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
|---|
| 3455 | |
|---|
| 3456 | |
|---|
| 3457 | |
|---|
| 3458 | |
|---|
| 3459 | end</b></td> |
|---|
| 3460 | |
|---|
| 3461 | |
|---|
| 3462 | |
|---|
| 3463 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 3464 | |
|---|
| 3465 | |
|---|
| 3466 | |
|---|
| 3467 | |
|---|
| 3468 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 3469 | |
|---|
| 3470 | |
|---|
| 3471 | |
|---|
| 3472 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 3473 | |
|---|
| 3474 | |
|---|
| 3475 | |
|---|
| 3476 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td> |
|---|
| 3477 | |
|---|
| 3478 | |
|---|
| 3479 | |
|---|
| 3480 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Upper |
|---|
| 3481 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are |
|---|
| 3482 | to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 3483 | |
|---|
| 3484 | |
|---|
| 3485 | |
|---|
| 3486 | <br> |
|---|
| 3487 | |
|---|
| 3488 | |
|---|
| 3489 | |
|---|
| 3490 | |
|---|
| 3491 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 3492 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 3493 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
|---|
| 3494 | the inflow) unto which perturbations are imposed on the |
|---|
| 3495 | horizontal |
|---|
| 3496 | velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 3497 | |
|---|
| 3498 | |
|---|
| 3499 | |
|---|
| 3500 | |
|---|
| 3501 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3502 | |
|---|
| 3503 | |
|---|
| 3504 | |
|---|
| 3505 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3506 | |
|---|
| 3507 | |
|---|
| 3508 | |
|---|
| 3509 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3510 | |
|---|
| 3511 | |
|---|
| 3512 | |
|---|
| 3513 | <p><a name="initializing_actions"></a><b>initializing_actions</b></p> |
|---|
| 3514 | |
|---|
| 3515 | |
|---|
| 3516 | |
|---|
| 3517 | |
|---|
| 3518 | </td> |
|---|
| 3519 | |
|---|
| 3520 | |
|---|
| 3521 | |
|---|
| 3522 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 100</td> |
|---|
| 3523 | |
|---|
| 3524 | |
|---|
| 3525 | |
|---|
| 3526 | |
|---|
| 3527 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 3528 | |
|---|
| 3529 | |
|---|
| 3530 | |
|---|
| 3531 | </td> |
|---|
| 3532 | |
|---|
| 3533 | |
|---|
| 3534 | |
|---|
| 3535 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3536 | |
|---|
| 3537 | |
|---|
| 3538 | |
|---|
| 3539 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization actions |
|---|
| 3540 | to be carried out. </p> |
|---|
| 3541 | |
|---|
| 3542 | |
|---|
| 3543 | |
|---|
| 3544 | |
|---|
| 3545 | |
|---|
| 3546 | |
|---|
| 3547 | |
|---|
| 3548 | <p style="font-style: normal;">This parameter does not have a |
|---|
| 3549 | default value and therefore must be assigned with each model run. For |
|---|
| 3550 | restart runs <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_restart_data'</span> |
|---|
| 3551 | must be set. For the initial run of a job chain the following values |
|---|
| 3552 | are allowed: </p> |
|---|
| 3553 | |
|---|
| 3554 | |
|---|
| 3555 | |
|---|
| 3556 | |
|---|
| 3557 | |
|---|
| 3558 | |
|---|
| 3559 | |
|---|
| 3560 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span> |
|---|
| 3561 | </p> |
|---|
| 3562 | |
|---|
| 3563 | |
|---|
| 3564 | |
|---|
| 3565 | |
|---|
| 3566 | |
|---|
| 3567 | |
|---|
| 3568 | |
|---|
| 3569 | <ul> |
|---|
| 3570 | |
|---|
| 3571 | |
|---|
| 3572 | |
|---|
| 3573 | |
|---|
| 3574 | |
|---|
| 3575 | |
|---|
| 3576 | |
|---|
| 3577 | <p>A horizontal wind profile consisting |
|---|
| 3578 | of linear sections (see <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 3579 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 3580 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 3581 | and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>, <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 3582 | <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
|---|
| 3583 | respectively) as well as a vertical temperature (humidity) profile |
|---|
| 3584 | consisting of |
|---|
| 3585 | linear sections (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 3586 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 3587 | <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
|---|
| 3588 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 3589 | are assumed as initial profiles. The subgrid-scale TKE is set to 0 but K<sub>m</sub> |
|---|
| 3590 | and K<sub>h</sub> are set to very small values because |
|---|
| 3591 | otherwise no TKE |
|---|
| 3592 | would be generated.</p> |
|---|
| 3593 | |
|---|
| 3594 | |
|---|
| 3595 | |
|---|
| 3596 | |
|---|
| 3597 | |
|---|
| 3598 | |
|---|
| 3599 | |
|---|
| 3600 | </ul> |
|---|
| 3601 | |
|---|
| 3602 | |
|---|
| 3603 | |
|---|
| 3604 | |
|---|
| 3605 | |
|---|
| 3606 | |
|---|
| 3607 | |
|---|
| 3608 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles' </p> |
|---|
| 3609 | |
|---|
| 3610 | |
|---|
| 3611 | |
|---|
| 3612 | |
|---|
| 3613 | |
|---|
| 3614 | |
|---|
| 3615 | |
|---|
| 3616 | <ul> |
|---|
| 3617 | |
|---|
| 3618 | |
|---|
| 3619 | |
|---|
| 3620 | |
|---|
| 3621 | |
|---|
| 3622 | |
|---|
| 3623 | |
|---|
| 3624 | <p>The arrays of the 3d-model are initialized with |
|---|
| 3625 | the |
|---|
| 3626 | (stationary) solution of the 1d-model. These are the variables e, kh, |
|---|
| 3627 | km, u, v and with Prandtl layer switched on rif, us, usws, vsws. The |
|---|
| 3628 | temperature (humidity) profile consisting of linear sections is set as |
|---|
| 3629 | for 'set_constant_profiles' and assumed as constant in time within the |
|---|
| 3630 | 1d-model. For steering of the 1d-model a set of parameters with suffix |
|---|
| 3631 | "_1d" (e.g. <a href="#end_time_1d">end_time_1d</a>, |
|---|
| 3632 | <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>) |
|---|
| 3633 | is available.</p> |
|---|
| 3634 | |
|---|
| 3635 | |
|---|
| 3636 | |
|---|
| 3637 | |
|---|
| 3638 | |
|---|
| 3639 | |
|---|
| 3640 | |
|---|
| 3641 | </ul> |
|---|
| 3642 | |
|---|
| 3643 | |
|---|
| 3644 | |
|---|
| 3645 | |
|---|
| 3646 | |
|---|
| 3647 | |
|---|
| 3648 | |
|---|
| 3649 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span></p> |
|---|
| 3650 | |
|---|
| 3651 | |
|---|
| 3652 | |
|---|
| 3653 | |
|---|
| 3654 | |
|---|
| 3655 | |
|---|
| 3656 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The initialization of the arrays |
|---|
| 3657 | of the 3d-model is under complete control of the user and has to be |
|---|
| 3658 | done in routine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_3d_model">user_init_3d_model</a> |
|---|
| 3659 | of the user-interface.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></p> |
|---|
| 3660 | |
|---|
| 3661 | |
|---|
| 3662 | |
|---|
| 3663 | |
|---|
| 3664 | |
|---|
| 3665 | |
|---|
| 3666 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span> |
|---|
| 3667 | </p> |
|---|
| 3668 | |
|---|
| 3669 | |
|---|
| 3670 | |
|---|
| 3671 | |
|---|
| 3672 | |
|---|
| 3673 | |
|---|
| 3674 | |
|---|
| 3675 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The initial |
|---|
| 3676 | velocity field of the |
|---|
| 3677 | 3d-model corresponds to a |
|---|
| 3678 | Rankine-vortex with vertical axis. This setting may be used to test |
|---|
| 3679 | advection schemes. Free-slip boundary conditions for u and v (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>, <a href="#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>) |
|---|
| 3680 | are necessary. In order not to distort the vortex, an initial |
|---|
| 3681 | horizontal wind profile constant |
|---|
| 3682 | with height is necessary (to be set by <b>initializing_actions</b> |
|---|
| 3683 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>) |
|---|
| 3684 | and some other conditions have to be met (neutral stratification, |
|---|
| 3685 | diffusion must be |
|---|
| 3686 | switched off, see <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>). |
|---|
| 3687 | The center of the vortex is located at jc = (nx+1)/2. It |
|---|
| 3688 | extends from k = 0 to k = nz+1. Its radius is 8 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 3689 | and the exponentially decaying part ranges to 32 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 3690 | (see init_rankine.f90). </div> |
|---|
| 3691 | |
|---|
| 3692 | |
|---|
| 3693 | |
|---|
| 3694 | |
|---|
| 3695 | |
|---|
| 3696 | |
|---|
| 3697 | |
|---|
| 3698 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_ptanom'</span> |
|---|
| 3699 | </p> |
|---|
| 3700 | |
|---|
| 3701 | |
|---|
| 3702 | |
|---|
| 3703 | |
|---|
| 3704 | |
|---|
| 3705 | |
|---|
| 3706 | |
|---|
| 3707 | <ul> |
|---|
| 3708 | |
|---|
| 3709 | |
|---|
| 3710 | |
|---|
| 3711 | |
|---|
| 3712 | |
|---|
| 3713 | |
|---|
| 3714 | |
|---|
| 3715 | <p>A 2d-Gauss-like shape disturbance |
|---|
| 3716 | (x,y) is added to the |
|---|
| 3717 | initial temperature field with radius 10.0 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 3718 | and center at jc = (nx+1)/2. This may be used for tests of scalar |
|---|
| 3719 | advection schemes |
|---|
| 3720 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>). |
|---|
| 3721 | Such tests require a horizontal wind profile constant with hight and |
|---|
| 3722 | diffusion |
|---|
| 3723 | switched off (see <span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span>). |
|---|
| 3724 | Additionally, the buoyancy term |
|---|
| 3725 | must be switched of in the equation of motion for w (this |
|---|
| 3726 | requires the user to comment out the call of <span style="font-family: monospace;">buoyancy</span> in the |
|---|
| 3727 | source code of <span style="font-family: monospace;">prognostic_equations.f90</span>).</p> |
|---|
| 3728 | |
|---|
| 3729 | |
|---|
| 3730 | |
|---|
| 3731 | |
|---|
| 3732 | |
|---|
| 3733 | |
|---|
| 3734 | |
|---|
| 3735 | </ul> |
|---|
| 3736 | |
|---|
| 3737 | |
|---|
| 3738 | |
|---|
| 3739 | |
|---|
| 3740 | |
|---|
| 3741 | |
|---|
| 3742 | |
|---|
| 3743 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Values may be |
|---|
| 3744 | combined, e.g. <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles |
|---|
| 3745 | initialize_vortex'</span>, but the values of <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>, |
|---|
| 3746 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span> |
|---|
| 3747 | , and <span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span> |
|---|
| 3748 | must not be given at the same time.</p> |
|---|
| 3749 | |
|---|
| 3750 | |
|---|
| 3751 | |
|---|
| 3752 | |
|---|
| 3753 | |
|---|
| 3754 | |
|---|
| 3755 | |
|---|
| 3756 | <p style="font-style: italic;"> </p> |
|---|
| 3757 | |
|---|
| 3758 | |
|---|
| 3759 | |
|---|
| 3760 | </td> |
|---|
| 3761 | |
|---|
| 3762 | |
|---|
| 3763 | |
|---|
| 3764 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3765 | |
|---|
| 3766 | |
|---|
| 3767 | |
|---|
| 3768 | |
|---|
| 3769 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3770 | |
|---|
| 3771 | |
|---|
| 3772 | |
|---|
| 3773 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3774 | |
|---|
| 3775 | |
|---|
| 3776 | |
|---|
| 3777 | <p><a name="km_constant"></a><b>km_constant</b></p> |
|---|
| 3778 | |
|---|
| 3779 | |
|---|
| 3780 | |
|---|
| 3781 | |
|---|
| 3782 | </td> |
|---|
| 3783 | |
|---|
| 3784 | |
|---|
| 3785 | |
|---|
| 3786 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3787 | |
|---|
| 3788 | |
|---|
| 3789 | |
|---|
| 3790 | |
|---|
| 3791 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable<br> |
|---|
| 3792 | |
|---|
| 3793 | |
|---|
| 3794 | |
|---|
| 3795 | |
|---|
| 3796 | (computed from TKE)</i></td> |
|---|
| 3797 | |
|---|
| 3798 | |
|---|
| 3799 | |
|---|
| 3800 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3801 | |
|---|
| 3802 | |
|---|
| 3803 | |
|---|
| 3804 | <p>Constant eddy |
|---|
| 3805 | diffusivities are used (laminar |
|---|
| 3806 | simulations). </p> |
|---|
| 3807 | |
|---|
| 3808 | |
|---|
| 3809 | |
|---|
| 3810 | |
|---|
| 3811 | |
|---|
| 3812 | |
|---|
| 3813 | |
|---|
| 3814 | <p>If this parameter is |
|---|
| 3815 | specified, both in the 1d and in the |
|---|
| 3816 | 3d-model constant values for the eddy diffusivities are used in |
|---|
| 3817 | space and time with K<sub>m</sub> = <b>km_constant</b> |
|---|
| 3818 | and K<sub>h</sub> = K<sub>m</sub> / <a href="chapter_4.2.html#prandtl_number">prandtl_number</a>. |
|---|
| 3819 | The prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE is switched off. |
|---|
| 3820 | Constant eddy diffusivities are only allowed with the Prandtl layer (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
|---|
| 3821 | switched off.</p> |
|---|
| 3822 | |
|---|
| 3823 | |
|---|
| 3824 | |
|---|
| 3825 | </td> |
|---|
| 3826 | |
|---|
| 3827 | |
|---|
| 3828 | |
|---|
| 3829 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3830 | |
|---|
| 3831 | |
|---|
| 3832 | |
|---|
| 3833 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3834 | |
|---|
| 3835 | |
|---|
| 3836 | |
|---|
| 3837 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3838 | |
|---|
| 3839 | |
|---|
| 3840 | |
|---|
| 3841 | <p><a name="km_damp_max"></a><b>km_damp_max</b></p> |
|---|
| 3842 | |
|---|
| 3843 | |
|---|
| 3844 | |
|---|
| 3845 | |
|---|
| 3846 | </td> |
|---|
| 3847 | |
|---|
| 3848 | |
|---|
| 3849 | |
|---|
| 3850 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3851 | |
|---|
| 3852 | |
|---|
| 3853 | |
|---|
| 3854 | |
|---|
| 3855 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx |
|---|
| 3856 | or dy)</span></td> |
|---|
| 3857 | |
|---|
| 3858 | |
|---|
| 3859 | |
|---|
| 3860 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum |
|---|
| 3861 | diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of |
|---|
| 3862 | the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).<br> |
|---|
| 3863 | |
|---|
| 3864 | |
|---|
| 3865 | |
|---|
| 3866 | <br> |
|---|
| 3867 | |
|---|
| 3868 | |
|---|
| 3869 | |
|---|
| 3870 | |
|---|
| 3871 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 3872 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 3873 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
|---|
| 3874 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 3875 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. Smoothing is done by increasing |
|---|
| 3876 | the eddy diffusivity along the horizontal direction which is |
|---|
| 3877 | perpendicular to the outflow boundary. Only velocity components |
|---|
| 3878 | parallel to the outflow boundary are filtered (e.g. v and w, if the |
|---|
| 3879 | outflow is along x). Damping is applied from the bottom to the top of |
|---|
| 3880 | the domain.<br> |
|---|
| 3881 | |
|---|
| 3882 | |
|---|
| 3883 | |
|---|
| 3884 | <br> |
|---|
| 3885 | |
|---|
| 3886 | |
|---|
| 3887 | |
|---|
| 3888 | |
|---|
| 3889 | The horizontal range of the smoothing is controlled by <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a> |
|---|
| 3890 | which defines the number of gridpoints (counted from the outflow |
|---|
| 3891 | boundary) from where on the smoothing is applied. Starting from that |
|---|
| 3892 | point, the eddy diffusivity is linearly increased (from zero to its |
|---|
| 3893 | maximum value given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span>) |
|---|
| 3894 | until half of the damping range width, from where it remains constant |
|---|
| 3895 | up to the outflow boundary. If at a certain grid point the eddy |
|---|
| 3896 | diffusivity calculated from the flow field is larger than as described |
|---|
| 3897 | above, it is used instead.<br> |
|---|
| 3898 | |
|---|
| 3899 | |
|---|
| 3900 | |
|---|
| 3901 | <br> |
|---|
| 3902 | |
|---|
| 3903 | |
|---|
| 3904 | |
|---|
| 3905 | |
|---|
| 3906 | The default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span> |
|---|
| 3907 | has been empirically proven to be sufficient.</td> |
|---|
| 3908 | |
|---|
| 3909 | |
|---|
| 3910 | |
|---|
| 3911 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3912 | |
|---|
| 3913 | |
|---|
| 3914 | |
|---|
| 3915 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3916 | |
|---|
| 3917 | |
|---|
| 3918 | |
|---|
| 3919 | |
|---|
| 3920 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3921 | |
|---|
| 3922 | |
|---|
| 3923 | |
|---|
| 3924 | <p><a name="long_filter_factor"></a><b>long_filter_factor</b></p> |
|---|
| 3925 | |
|---|
| 3926 | |
|---|
| 3927 | |
|---|
| 3928 | |
|---|
| 3929 | </td> |
|---|
| 3930 | |
|---|
| 3931 | |
|---|
| 3932 | |
|---|
| 3933 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3934 | |
|---|
| 3935 | |
|---|
| 3936 | |
|---|
| 3937 | |
|---|
| 3938 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 3939 | |
|---|
| 3940 | |
|---|
| 3941 | |
|---|
| 3942 | |
|---|
| 3943 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3944 | |
|---|
| 3945 | |
|---|
| 3946 | |
|---|
| 3947 | <p>Filter factor |
|---|
| 3948 | for the so-called Long-filter.<br> |
|---|
| 3949 | |
|---|
| 3950 | |
|---|
| 3951 | |
|---|
| 3952 | </p> |
|---|
| 3953 | |
|---|
| 3954 | |
|---|
| 3955 | |
|---|
| 3956 | |
|---|
| 3957 | |
|---|
| 3958 | |
|---|
| 3959 | |
|---|
| 3960 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 3961 | |
|---|
| 3962 | |
|---|
| 3963 | |
|---|
| 3964 | |
|---|
| 3965 | This filter very efficiently |
|---|
| 3966 | eliminates 2-delta-waves sometimes cauesed by the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 3967 | scheme (see Mahrer and |
|---|
| 3968 | Pielke, 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). It works in all three |
|---|
| 3969 | directions in space. A value of <b>long_filter_factor</b> |
|---|
| 3970 | = <i>0.01</i> |
|---|
| 3971 | sufficiently removes the small-scale waves without affecting the |
|---|
| 3972 | longer waves.<br> |
|---|
| 3973 | |
|---|
| 3974 | |
|---|
| 3975 | |
|---|
| 3976 | </p> |
|---|
| 3977 | |
|---|
| 3978 | |
|---|
| 3979 | |
|---|
| 3980 | |
|---|
| 3981 | |
|---|
| 3982 | |
|---|
| 3983 | |
|---|
| 3984 | <p>By default, the filter is |
|---|
| 3985 | switched off (= <i>0.0</i>). |
|---|
| 3986 | It is exclusively applied to the tendencies calculated by the |
|---|
| 3987 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 3988 | and <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
|---|
| 3989 | not to the prognostic variables themselves. At the bottom and top |
|---|
| 3990 | boundary of the model domain the filter effect for vertical |
|---|
| 3991 | 2-delta-waves is reduced. There, the amplitude of these waves is only |
|---|
| 3992 | reduced by approx. 50%, otherwise by nearly 100%. <br> |
|---|
| 3993 | |
|---|
| 3994 | |
|---|
| 3995 | |
|---|
| 3996 | |
|---|
| 3997 | Filter factors with values > <i>0.01</i> also |
|---|
| 3998 | reduce the amplitudes |
|---|
| 3999 | of waves with wavelengths longer than 2-delta (see the paper by Mahrer |
|---|
| 4000 | and |
|---|
| 4001 | Pielke, quoted above). </p> |
|---|
| 4002 | |
|---|
| 4003 | |
|---|
| 4004 | |
|---|
| 4005 | </td> |
|---|
| 4006 | |
|---|
| 4007 | |
|---|
| 4008 | |
|---|
| 4009 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4010 | |
|---|
| 4011 | |
|---|
| 4012 | |
|---|
| 4013 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4014 | |
|---|
| 4015 | |
|---|
| 4016 | |
|---|
| 4017 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="loop_optimization"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span></td> |
|---|
| 4018 | |
|---|
| 4019 | |
|---|
| 4020 | |
|---|
| 4021 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*16</td> |
|---|
| 4022 | |
|---|
| 4023 | |
|---|
| 4024 | |
|---|
| 4025 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td> |
|---|
| 4026 | |
|---|
| 4027 | |
|---|
| 4028 | |
|---|
| 4029 | <td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .<br> |
|---|
| 4030 | |
|---|
| 4031 | |
|---|
| 4032 | |
|---|
| 4033 | <br> |
|---|
| 4034 | |
|---|
| 4035 | |
|---|
| 4036 | |
|---|
| 4037 | By |
|---|
| 4038 | default, the optimization method depends on the host on which PALM is |
|---|
| 4039 | running. On machines with vector-type CPUs, single 3d-loops are used to |
|---|
| 4040 | calculate each tendency term of each prognostic equation, while on all |
|---|
| 4041 | other machines, all prognostic equations are solved within one big loop |
|---|
| 4042 | over the two horizontal indices<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> i </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> j </span>(giving a good cache uitilization).<br> |
|---|
| 4043 | |
|---|
| 4044 | |
|---|
| 4045 | |
|---|
| 4046 | <br> |
|---|
| 4047 | |
|---|
| 4048 | |
|---|
| 4049 | |
|---|
| 4050 | The default behaviour can be changed by setting either <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'vector'</span> or <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cache'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 4051 | |
|---|
| 4052 | |
|---|
| 4053 | |
|---|
| 4054 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4055 | |
|---|
| 4056 | |
|---|
| 4057 | |
|---|
| 4058 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4059 | |
|---|
| 4060 | |
|---|
| 4061 | |
|---|
| 4062 | |
|---|
| 4063 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mixing_length_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span><br> |
|---|
| 4064 | |
|---|
| 4065 | |
|---|
| 4066 | |
|---|
| 4067 | |
|---|
| 4068 | </td> |
|---|
| 4069 | |
|---|
| 4070 | |
|---|
| 4071 | |
|---|
| 4072 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 4073 | |
|---|
| 4074 | |
|---|
| 4075 | |
|---|
| 4076 | |
|---|
| 4077 | </td> |
|---|
| 4078 | |
|---|
| 4079 | |
|---|
| 4080 | |
|---|
| 4081 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 4082 | |
|---|
| 4083 | |
|---|
| 4084 | |
|---|
| 4085 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4086 | |
|---|
| 4087 | |
|---|
| 4088 | |
|---|
| 4089 | </td> |
|---|
| 4090 | |
|---|
| 4091 | |
|---|
| 4092 | |
|---|
| 4093 | |
|---|
| 4094 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length used in the |
|---|
| 4095 | 1d-model.<br> |
|---|
| 4096 | |
|---|
| 4097 | |
|---|
| 4098 | |
|---|
| 4099 | <br> |
|---|
| 4100 | |
|---|
| 4101 | |
|---|
| 4102 | |
|---|
| 4103 | |
|---|
| 4104 | By default the mixing length is calculated as in the 3d-model (i.e. it |
|---|
| 4105 | depends on the grid spacing).<br> |
|---|
| 4106 | |
|---|
| 4107 | |
|---|
| 4108 | |
|---|
| 4109 | <br> |
|---|
| 4110 | |
|---|
| 4111 | |
|---|
| 4112 | |
|---|
| 4113 | |
|---|
| 4114 | By setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span> |
|---|
| 4115 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'blackadar'</span>, |
|---|
| 4116 | the so-called Blackadar mixing length is used (l = kappa * z / ( 1 + |
|---|
| 4117 | kappa * z / lambda ) with the limiting value lambda = 2.7E-4 * u_g / f).<br> |
|---|
| 4118 | |
|---|
| 4119 | |
|---|
| 4120 | |
|---|
| 4121 | |
|---|
| 4122 | </td> |
|---|
| 4123 | |
|---|
| 4124 | |
|---|
| 4125 | |
|---|
| 4126 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4127 | |
|---|
| 4128 | |
|---|
| 4129 | |
|---|
| 4130 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4131 | |
|---|
| 4132 | |
|---|
| 4133 | |
|---|
| 4134 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4135 | |
|---|
| 4136 | |
|---|
| 4137 | |
|---|
| 4138 | <p><a name="humidity"></a><b>humidity</b></p> |
|---|
| 4139 | |
|---|
| 4140 | |
|---|
| 4141 | |
|---|
| 4142 | |
|---|
| 4143 | </td> |
|---|
| 4144 | |
|---|
| 4145 | |
|---|
| 4146 | |
|---|
| 4147 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 4148 | |
|---|
| 4149 | |
|---|
| 4150 | |
|---|
| 4151 | |
|---|
| 4152 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 4153 | |
|---|
| 4154 | |
|---|
| 4155 | |
|---|
| 4156 | |
|---|
| 4157 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4158 | |
|---|
| 4159 | |
|---|
| 4160 | |
|---|
| 4161 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 4162 | switch on the prognostic equation for specific |
|---|
| 4163 | humidity q.<br> |
|---|
| 4164 | |
|---|
| 4165 | |
|---|
| 4166 | |
|---|
| 4167 | </p> |
|---|
| 4168 | |
|---|
| 4169 | |
|---|
| 4170 | |
|---|
| 4171 | |
|---|
| 4172 | |
|---|
| 4173 | |
|---|
| 4174 | |
|---|
| 4175 | <p>The initial vertical |
|---|
| 4176 | profile of q can be set via parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface">q_surface</a>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 4177 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 4178 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a> |
|---|
| 4179 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 4180 | |
|---|
| 4181 | |
|---|
| 4182 | |
|---|
| 4183 | |
|---|
| 4184 | </p> |
|---|
| 4185 | |
|---|
| 4186 | |
|---|
| 4187 | |
|---|
| 4188 | |
|---|
| 4189 | If the condensation scheme is switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 4190 | = .TRUE.), q becomes the total liquid water content (sum of specific |
|---|
| 4191 | humidity and liquid water content).</td> |
|---|
| 4192 | |
|---|
| 4193 | |
|---|
| 4194 | |
|---|
| 4195 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4196 | |
|---|
| 4197 | |
|---|
| 4198 | |
|---|
| 4199 | |
|---|
| 4200 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4201 | |
|---|
| 4202 | |
|---|
| 4203 | |
|---|
| 4204 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4205 | |
|---|
| 4206 | |
|---|
| 4207 | |
|---|
| 4208 | <p><a name="momentum_advec"></a><b>momentum_advec</b></p> |
|---|
| 4209 | |
|---|
| 4210 | |
|---|
| 4211 | |
|---|
| 4212 | |
|---|
| 4213 | </td> |
|---|
| 4214 | |
|---|
| 4215 | |
|---|
| 4216 | |
|---|
| 4217 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
|---|
| 4218 | |
|---|
| 4219 | |
|---|
| 4220 | |
|---|
| 4221 | |
|---|
| 4222 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
|---|
| 4223 | |
|---|
| 4224 | |
|---|
| 4225 | |
|---|
| 4226 | |
|---|
| 4227 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4228 | |
|---|
| 4229 | |
|---|
| 4230 | |
|---|
| 4231 | <p>Advection |
|---|
| 4232 | scheme to be used for the momentum equations.<br> |
|---|
| 4233 | |
|---|
| 4234 | |
|---|
| 4235 | |
|---|
| 4236 | <br> |
|---|
| 4237 | |
|---|
| 4238 | |
|---|
| 4239 | |
|---|
| 4240 | |
|---|
| 4241 | The user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
|---|
| 4242 | |
|---|
| 4243 | |
|---|
| 4244 | |
|---|
| 4245 | |
|---|
| 4246 | <br> |
|---|
| 4247 | |
|---|
| 4248 | |
|---|
| 4249 | |
|---|
| 4250 | <br> |
|---|
| 4251 | |
|---|
| 4252 | |
|---|
| 4253 | |
|---|
| 4254 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4255 | |
|---|
| 4256 | |
|---|
| 4257 | |
|---|
| 4258 | |
|---|
| 4259 | </p> |
|---|
| 4260 | |
|---|
| 4261 | |
|---|
| 4262 | |
|---|
| 4263 | |
|---|
| 4264 | |
|---|
| 4265 | |
|---|
| 4266 | |
|---|
| 4267 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
|---|
| 4268 | Piascek and |
|---|
| 4269 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
|---|
| 4270 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
|---|
| 4271 | |
|---|
| 4272 | |
|---|
| 4273 | |
|---|
| 4274 | |
|---|
| 4275 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 4276 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
|---|
| 4277 | the |
|---|
| 4278 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
|---|
| 4279 | to an upstream-scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 4280 | |
|---|
| 4281 | |
|---|
| 4282 | |
|---|
| 4283 | </div> |
|---|
| 4284 | |
|---|
| 4285 | |
|---|
| 4286 | |
|---|
| 4287 | |
|---|
| 4288 | |
|---|
| 4289 | |
|---|
| 4290 | |
|---|
| 4291 | <p> </p> |
|---|
| 4292 | |
|---|
| 4293 | |
|---|
| 4294 | |
|---|
| 4295 | |
|---|
| 4296 | |
|---|
| 4297 | |
|---|
| 4298 | |
|---|
| 4299 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4300 | |
|---|
| 4301 | |
|---|
| 4302 | |
|---|
| 4303 | |
|---|
| 4304 | </p> |
|---|
| 4305 | |
|---|
| 4306 | |
|---|
| 4307 | |
|---|
| 4308 | |
|---|
| 4309 | |
|---|
| 4310 | |
|---|
| 4311 | |
|---|
| 4312 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
|---|
| 4313 | upstream-spline scheme is |
|---|
| 4314 | used |
|---|
| 4315 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
|---|
| 4316 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the |
|---|
| 4317 | Piascek-Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
|---|
| 4318 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flow |
|---|
| 4319 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
|---|
| 4320 | expensive. In |
|---|
| 4321 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 4322 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
|---|
| 4323 | i.e. the |
|---|
| 4324 | timestep accuracy is only of first order. |
|---|
| 4325 | For this reason the advection of scalar variables (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>) |
|---|
| 4326 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
|---|
| 4327 | because otherwise the scalar variables would |
|---|
| 4328 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
|---|
| 4329 | scheme. </div> |
|---|
| 4330 | |
|---|
| 4331 | |
|---|
| 4332 | |
|---|
| 4333 | |
|---|
| 4334 | |
|---|
| 4335 | |
|---|
| 4336 | |
|---|
| 4337 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
|---|
| 4338 | the cubic splines used tend |
|---|
| 4339 | to overshoot under |
|---|
| 4340 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
|---|
| 4341 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
|---|
| 4342 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
|---|
| 4343 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
|---|
| 4344 | This is always neccessary for runs with stable stratification, |
|---|
| 4345 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model domain.<br> |
|---|
| 4346 | |
|---|
| 4347 | |
|---|
| 4348 | |
|---|
| 4349 | |
|---|
| 4350 | </p> |
|---|
| 4351 | |
|---|
| 4352 | |
|---|
| 4353 | |
|---|
| 4354 | |
|---|
| 4355 | |
|---|
| 4356 | |
|---|
| 4357 | |
|---|
| 4358 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">With stable |
|---|
| 4359 | stratification the |
|---|
| 4360 | upstream-spline scheme also |
|---|
| 4361 | produces gravity waves with large amplitude, which must be |
|---|
| 4362 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 4363 | |
|---|
| 4364 | |
|---|
| 4365 | |
|---|
| 4366 | |
|---|
| 4367 | <br> |
|---|
| 4368 | |
|---|
| 4369 | |
|---|
| 4370 | |
|---|
| 4371 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
|---|
| 4372 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
|---|
| 4373 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 4374 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
|---|
| 4375 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
|---|
| 4376 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
|---|
| 4377 | very long execution times! The scheme is also not allowed for |
|---|
| 4378 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 4379 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</div> |
|---|
| 4380 | |
|---|
| 4381 | |
|---|
| 4382 | |
|---|
| 4383 | </td> |
|---|
| 4384 | |
|---|
| 4385 | |
|---|
| 4386 | |
|---|
| 4387 | |
|---|
| 4388 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4389 | |
|---|
| 4390 | |
|---|
| 4391 | |
|---|
| 4392 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4393 | |
|---|
| 4394 | |
|---|
| 4395 | |
|---|
| 4396 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_precision"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span><br> |
|---|
| 4397 | |
|---|
| 4398 | |
|---|
| 4399 | |
|---|
| 4400 | |
|---|
| 4401 | </td> |
|---|
| 4402 | |
|---|
| 4403 | |
|---|
| 4404 | |
|---|
| 4405 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 4406 | |
|---|
| 4407 | |
|---|
| 4408 | |
|---|
| 4409 | |
|---|
| 4410 | (10)<br> |
|---|
| 4411 | |
|---|
| 4412 | |
|---|
| 4413 | |
|---|
| 4414 | </td> |
|---|
| 4415 | |
|---|
| 4416 | |
|---|
| 4417 | |
|---|
| 4418 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 4419 | |
|---|
| 4420 | |
|---|
| 4421 | |
|---|
| 4422 | <span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 4423 | |
|---|
| 4424 | |
|---|
| 4425 | |
|---|
| 4426 | <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 4427 | |
|---|
| 4428 | |
|---|
| 4429 | |
|---|
| 4430 | <span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span><br> |
|---|
| 4431 | |
|---|
| 4432 | |
|---|
| 4433 | |
|---|
| 4434 | </td> |
|---|
| 4435 | |
|---|
| 4436 | |
|---|
| 4437 | |
|---|
| 4438 | |
|---|
| 4439 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Defines the accuracy of |
|---|
| 4440 | the NetCDF output.<br> |
|---|
| 4441 | |
|---|
| 4442 | |
|---|
| 4443 | |
|---|
| 4444 | <br> |
|---|
| 4445 | |
|---|
| 4446 | |
|---|
| 4447 | |
|---|
| 4448 | |
|---|
| 4449 | By default, all NetCDF output data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>) |
|---|
| 4450 | have single precision (4 byte) accuracy. Double precision (8 |
|---|
| 4451 | byte) can be choosen alternatively.<br> |
|---|
| 4452 | |
|---|
| 4453 | |
|---|
| 4454 | |
|---|
| 4455 | |
|---|
| 4456 | Accuracy for the different output data (cross sections, 3d-volume data, |
|---|
| 4457 | spectra, etc.) can be set independently.<br> |
|---|
| 4458 | |
|---|
| 4459 | |
|---|
| 4460 | |
|---|
| 4461 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL4'</span> |
|---|
| 4462 | (single precision) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
|---|
| 4463 | (double precision) are the two principally allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span>, |
|---|
| 4464 | where the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>' |
|---|
| 4465 | </span>can be chosen out of the following list:<br> |
|---|
| 4466 | |
|---|
| 4467 | |
|---|
| 4468 | |
|---|
| 4469 | <br> |
|---|
| 4470 | |
|---|
| 4471 | |
|---|
| 4472 | |
|---|
| 4473 | |
|---|
| 4474 | |
|---|
| 4475 | |
|---|
| 4476 | |
|---|
| 4477 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 284px; height: 234px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
|---|
| 4478 | |
|---|
| 4479 | |
|---|
| 4480 | |
|---|
| 4481 | <tbody> |
|---|
| 4482 | |
|---|
| 4483 | |
|---|
| 4484 | |
|---|
| 4485 | |
|---|
| 4486 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4487 | |
|---|
| 4488 | |
|---|
| 4489 | |
|---|
| 4490 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4491 | |
|---|
| 4492 | |
|---|
| 4493 | |
|---|
| 4494 | </td> |
|---|
| 4495 | |
|---|
| 4496 | |
|---|
| 4497 | |
|---|
| 4498 | |
|---|
| 4499 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">horizontal cross section<br> |
|---|
| 4500 | |
|---|
| 4501 | |
|---|
| 4502 | |
|---|
| 4503 | |
|---|
| 4504 | </td> |
|---|
| 4505 | |
|---|
| 4506 | |
|---|
| 4507 | |
|---|
| 4508 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4509 | |
|---|
| 4510 | |
|---|
| 4511 | |
|---|
| 4512 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4513 | |
|---|
| 4514 | |
|---|
| 4515 | |
|---|
| 4516 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xz'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4517 | |
|---|
| 4518 | |
|---|
| 4519 | |
|---|
| 4520 | </td> |
|---|
| 4521 | |
|---|
| 4522 | |
|---|
| 4523 | |
|---|
| 4524 | |
|---|
| 4525 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (xz) cross |
|---|
| 4526 | section<br> |
|---|
| 4527 | |
|---|
| 4528 | |
|---|
| 4529 | |
|---|
| 4530 | </td> |
|---|
| 4531 | |
|---|
| 4532 | |
|---|
| 4533 | |
|---|
| 4534 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4535 | |
|---|
| 4536 | |
|---|
| 4537 | |
|---|
| 4538 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4539 | |
|---|
| 4540 | |
|---|
| 4541 | |
|---|
| 4542 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'yz'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4543 | |
|---|
| 4544 | |
|---|
| 4545 | |
|---|
| 4546 | </td> |
|---|
| 4547 | |
|---|
| 4548 | |
|---|
| 4549 | |
|---|
| 4550 | |
|---|
| 4551 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (yz) cross |
|---|
| 4552 | section<br> |
|---|
| 4553 | |
|---|
| 4554 | |
|---|
| 4555 | |
|---|
| 4556 | </td> |
|---|
| 4557 | |
|---|
| 4558 | |
|---|
| 4559 | |
|---|
| 4560 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4561 | |
|---|
| 4562 | |
|---|
| 4563 | |
|---|
| 4564 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4565 | |
|---|
| 4566 | |
|---|
| 4567 | |
|---|
| 4568 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'2d'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4569 | |
|---|
| 4570 | |
|---|
| 4571 | |
|---|
| 4572 | </td> |
|---|
| 4573 | |
|---|
| 4574 | |
|---|
| 4575 | |
|---|
| 4576 | |
|---|
| 4577 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all cross sections<br> |
|---|
| 4578 | |
|---|
| 4579 | |
|---|
| 4580 | |
|---|
| 4581 | |
|---|
| 4582 | </td> |
|---|
| 4583 | |
|---|
| 4584 | |
|---|
| 4585 | |
|---|
| 4586 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4587 | |
|---|
| 4588 | |
|---|
| 4589 | |
|---|
| 4590 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4591 | |
|---|
| 4592 | |
|---|
| 4593 | |
|---|
| 4594 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'3d'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4595 | |
|---|
| 4596 | |
|---|
| 4597 | |
|---|
| 4598 | </td> |
|---|
| 4599 | |
|---|
| 4600 | |
|---|
| 4601 | |
|---|
| 4602 | |
|---|
| 4603 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">volume data<br> |
|---|
| 4604 | |
|---|
| 4605 | |
|---|
| 4606 | |
|---|
| 4607 | </td> |
|---|
| 4608 | |
|---|
| 4609 | |
|---|
| 4610 | |
|---|
| 4611 | |
|---|
| 4612 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4613 | |
|---|
| 4614 | |
|---|
| 4615 | |
|---|
| 4616 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4617 | |
|---|
| 4618 | |
|---|
| 4619 | |
|---|
| 4620 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pr'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4621 | |
|---|
| 4622 | |
|---|
| 4623 | |
|---|
| 4624 | </td> |
|---|
| 4625 | |
|---|
| 4626 | |
|---|
| 4627 | |
|---|
| 4628 | |
|---|
| 4629 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical profiles<br> |
|---|
| 4630 | |
|---|
| 4631 | |
|---|
| 4632 | |
|---|
| 4633 | |
|---|
| 4634 | </td> |
|---|
| 4635 | |
|---|
| 4636 | |
|---|
| 4637 | |
|---|
| 4638 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4639 | |
|---|
| 4640 | |
|---|
| 4641 | |
|---|
| 4642 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4643 | |
|---|
| 4644 | |
|---|
| 4645 | |
|---|
| 4646 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'ts'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4647 | |
|---|
| 4648 | |
|---|
| 4649 | |
|---|
| 4650 | </td> |
|---|
| 4651 | |
|---|
| 4652 | |
|---|
| 4653 | |
|---|
| 4654 | |
|---|
| 4655 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">time series, particle |
|---|
| 4656 | time series<br> |
|---|
| 4657 | |
|---|
| 4658 | |
|---|
| 4659 | |
|---|
| 4660 | </td> |
|---|
| 4661 | |
|---|
| 4662 | |
|---|
| 4663 | |
|---|
| 4664 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4665 | |
|---|
| 4666 | |
|---|
| 4667 | |
|---|
| 4668 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4669 | |
|---|
| 4670 | |
|---|
| 4671 | |
|---|
| 4672 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'sp'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4673 | |
|---|
| 4674 | |
|---|
| 4675 | |
|---|
| 4676 | </td> |
|---|
| 4677 | |
|---|
| 4678 | |
|---|
| 4679 | |
|---|
| 4680 | |
|---|
| 4681 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">spectra<br> |
|---|
| 4682 | |
|---|
| 4683 | |
|---|
| 4684 | |
|---|
| 4685 | </td> |
|---|
| 4686 | |
|---|
| 4687 | |
|---|
| 4688 | |
|---|
| 4689 | |
|---|
| 4690 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4691 | |
|---|
| 4692 | |
|---|
| 4693 | |
|---|
| 4694 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4695 | |
|---|
| 4696 | |
|---|
| 4697 | |
|---|
| 4698 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'prt'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4699 | |
|---|
| 4700 | |
|---|
| 4701 | |
|---|
| 4702 | </td> |
|---|
| 4703 | |
|---|
| 4704 | |
|---|
| 4705 | |
|---|
| 4706 | |
|---|
| 4707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">particles<br> |
|---|
| 4708 | |
|---|
| 4709 | |
|---|
| 4710 | |
|---|
| 4711 | </td> |
|---|
| 4712 | |
|---|
| 4713 | |
|---|
| 4714 | |
|---|
| 4715 | |
|---|
| 4716 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4717 | |
|---|
| 4718 | |
|---|
| 4719 | |
|---|
| 4720 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4721 | |
|---|
| 4722 | |
|---|
| 4723 | |
|---|
| 4724 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'all'</span><br> |
|---|
| 4725 | |
|---|
| 4726 | |
|---|
| 4727 | |
|---|
| 4728 | </td> |
|---|
| 4729 | |
|---|
| 4730 | |
|---|
| 4731 | |
|---|
| 4732 | |
|---|
| 4733 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all output quantities<br> |
|---|
| 4734 | |
|---|
| 4735 | |
|---|
| 4736 | |
|---|
| 4737 | |
|---|
| 4738 | </td> |
|---|
| 4739 | |
|---|
| 4740 | |
|---|
| 4741 | |
|---|
| 4742 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4743 | |
|---|
| 4744 | |
|---|
| 4745 | |
|---|
| 4746 | |
|---|
| 4747 | |
|---|
| 4748 | |
|---|
| 4749 | |
|---|
| 4750 | </tbody> |
|---|
| 4751 | |
|---|
| 4752 | |
|---|
| 4753 | |
|---|
| 4754 | </table> |
|---|
| 4755 | |
|---|
| 4756 | |
|---|
| 4757 | |
|---|
| 4758 | <br> |
|---|
| 4759 | |
|---|
| 4760 | |
|---|
| 4761 | |
|---|
| 4762 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br> |
|---|
| 4763 | |
|---|
| 4764 | |
|---|
| 4765 | |
|---|
| 4766 | |
|---|
| 4767 | If all cross section data and the particle data shall be output in |
|---|
| 4768 | double precision and all other quantities in single precision, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'2d_NF90_REAL8'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'prt_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
|---|
| 4769 | has to be assigned.<br> |
|---|
| 4770 | |
|---|
| 4771 | |
|---|
| 4772 | |
|---|
| 4773 | </td> |
|---|
| 4774 | |
|---|
| 4775 | |
|---|
| 4776 | |
|---|
| 4777 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4778 | |
|---|
| 4779 | |
|---|
| 4780 | |
|---|
| 4781 | |
|---|
| 4782 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4783 | |
|---|
| 4784 | |
|---|
| 4785 | |
|---|
| 4786 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4787 | |
|---|
| 4788 | |
|---|
| 4789 | |
|---|
| 4790 | <p><a name="npex"></a><b>npex</b></p> |
|---|
| 4791 | |
|---|
| 4792 | |
|---|
| 4793 | |
|---|
| 4794 | </td> |
|---|
| 4795 | |
|---|
| 4796 | |
|---|
| 4797 | |
|---|
| 4798 | |
|---|
| 4799 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 4800 | |
|---|
| 4801 | |
|---|
| 4802 | |
|---|
| 4803 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 4804 | |
|---|
| 4805 | |
|---|
| 4806 | |
|---|
| 4807 | </td> |
|---|
| 4808 | |
|---|
| 4809 | |
|---|
| 4810 | |
|---|
| 4811 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4812 | |
|---|
| 4813 | |
|---|
| 4814 | |
|---|
| 4815 | <p>Number of processors |
|---|
| 4816 | along x-direction of the virtual |
|---|
| 4817 | processor |
|---|
| 4818 | net. </p> |
|---|
| 4819 | |
|---|
| 4820 | |
|---|
| 4821 | |
|---|
| 4822 | |
|---|
| 4823 | |
|---|
| 4824 | |
|---|
| 4825 | |
|---|
| 4826 | <p>For parallel runs, the total |
|---|
| 4827 | number of processors to be used |
|---|
| 4828 | is given by |
|---|
| 4829 | the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> |
|---|
| 4830 | option <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#Opt-X">-X</a>. |
|---|
| 4831 | By default, depending on the type of the parallel computer, PALM |
|---|
| 4832 | generates a 1d processor |
|---|
| 4833 | net (domain decomposition along x, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> |
|---|
| 4834 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">1</span>) or a |
|---|
| 4835 | 2d-net (this is |
|---|
| 4836 | favored on machines with fast communication network). In case of a |
|---|
| 4837 | 2d-net, it is tried to make it more or less square-shaped. If, for |
|---|
| 4838 | example, 16 processors are assigned (-X 16), a 4 * 4 processor net is |
|---|
| 4839 | generated (<span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> |
|---|
| 4840 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> |
|---|
| 4841 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>). |
|---|
| 4842 | This choice is optimal for square total domains (<a href="#nx">nx</a> |
|---|
| 4843 | = <a href="#ny">ny</a>), |
|---|
| 4844 | since then the number of ghost points at the lateral boundarys of |
|---|
| 4845 | the subdomains is minimal. If <span style="font-weight: bold;">nx</span> |
|---|
| 4846 | nd <span style="font-weight: bold;">ny</span> |
|---|
| 4847 | differ extremely, the |
|---|
| 4848 | processor net should be manually adjusted using adequate values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>. </p> |
|---|
| 4849 | |
|---|
| 4850 | |
|---|
| 4851 | |
|---|
| 4852 | |
|---|
| 4853 | |
|---|
| 4854 | |
|---|
| 4855 | |
|---|
| 4856 | <p><b>Important:</b> The value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> * <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> must exactly |
|---|
| 4857 | correspond to the |
|---|
| 4858 | value assigned by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option |
|---|
| 4859 | <tt>-X</tt>. |
|---|
| 4860 | Otherwise the model run will abort with a corresponding error |
|---|
| 4861 | message. <br> |
|---|
| 4862 | |
|---|
| 4863 | |
|---|
| 4864 | |
|---|
| 4865 | |
|---|
| 4866 | Additionally, the specification of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> |
|---|
| 4867 | and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> |
|---|
| 4868 | may of course |
|---|
| 4869 | override the default setting for the domain decomposition (1d or 2d) |
|---|
| 4870 | which may have a significant (negative) effect on the code performance. |
|---|
| 4871 | </p> |
|---|
| 4872 | |
|---|
| 4873 | |
|---|
| 4874 | |
|---|
| 4875 | </td> |
|---|
| 4876 | |
|---|
| 4877 | |
|---|
| 4878 | |
|---|
| 4879 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4880 | |
|---|
| 4881 | |
|---|
| 4882 | |
|---|
| 4883 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4884 | |
|---|
| 4885 | |
|---|
| 4886 | |
|---|
| 4887 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4888 | |
|---|
| 4889 | |
|---|
| 4890 | |
|---|
| 4891 | <p><a name="npey"></a><b>npey</b></p> |
|---|
| 4892 | |
|---|
| 4893 | |
|---|
| 4894 | |
|---|
| 4895 | |
|---|
| 4896 | </td> |
|---|
| 4897 | |
|---|
| 4898 | |
|---|
| 4899 | |
|---|
| 4900 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 4901 | |
|---|
| 4902 | |
|---|
| 4903 | |
|---|
| 4904 | |
|---|
| 4905 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 4906 | |
|---|
| 4907 | |
|---|
| 4908 | |
|---|
| 4909 | </td> |
|---|
| 4910 | |
|---|
| 4911 | |
|---|
| 4912 | |
|---|
| 4913 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4914 | |
|---|
| 4915 | |
|---|
| 4916 | |
|---|
| 4917 | <p>Number of processors |
|---|
| 4918 | along y-direction of the virtual |
|---|
| 4919 | processor |
|---|
| 4920 | net. </p> |
|---|
| 4921 | |
|---|
| 4922 | |
|---|
| 4923 | |
|---|
| 4924 | |
|---|
| 4925 | |
|---|
| 4926 | |
|---|
| 4927 | |
|---|
| 4928 | <p>For further information see <a href="#npex">npex</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 4929 | |
|---|
| 4930 | |
|---|
| 4931 | |
|---|
| 4932 | </td> |
|---|
| 4933 | |
|---|
| 4934 | |
|---|
| 4935 | |
|---|
| 4936 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4937 | |
|---|
| 4938 | |
|---|
| 4939 | |
|---|
| 4940 | |
|---|
| 4941 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4942 | |
|---|
| 4943 | |
|---|
| 4944 | |
|---|
| 4945 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4946 | |
|---|
| 4947 | |
|---|
| 4948 | |
|---|
| 4949 | <p><a name="nsor_ini"></a><b>nsor_ini</b></p> |
|---|
| 4950 | |
|---|
| 4951 | |
|---|
| 4952 | |
|---|
| 4953 | |
|---|
| 4954 | </td> |
|---|
| 4955 | |
|---|
| 4956 | |
|---|
| 4957 | |
|---|
| 4958 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 4959 | |
|---|
| 4960 | |
|---|
| 4961 | |
|---|
| 4962 | |
|---|
| 4963 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td> |
|---|
| 4964 | |
|---|
| 4965 | |
|---|
| 4966 | |
|---|
| 4967 | |
|---|
| 4968 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4969 | |
|---|
| 4970 | |
|---|
| 4971 | |
|---|
| 4972 | <p>Initial number |
|---|
| 4973 | of iterations with the SOR algorithm. </p> |
|---|
| 4974 | |
|---|
| 4975 | |
|---|
| 4976 | |
|---|
| 4977 | |
|---|
| 4978 | |
|---|
| 4979 | |
|---|
| 4980 | |
|---|
| 4981 | <p>This |
|---|
| 4982 | parameter is only effective if the SOR algorithm was |
|---|
| 4983 | selected as the pressure solver scheme (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 4984 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>) |
|---|
| 4985 | and specifies the |
|---|
| 4986 | number of initial iterations of the SOR |
|---|
| 4987 | scheme (at t = 0). The number of subsequent iterations at the following |
|---|
| 4988 | timesteps is determined |
|---|
| 4989 | with the parameter <a href="#nsor">nsor</a>. |
|---|
| 4990 | Usually <b>nsor</b> < <b>nsor_ini</b>, |
|---|
| 4991 | since in each case |
|---|
| 4992 | subsequent calls to <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 4993 | use the solution of the previous call as initial value. Suitable |
|---|
| 4994 | test runs should determine whether sufficient convergence of the |
|---|
| 4995 | solution is obtained with the default value and if necessary the value |
|---|
| 4996 | of <b>nsor_ini</b> should be changed.</p> |
|---|
| 4997 | |
|---|
| 4998 | |
|---|
| 4999 | |
|---|
| 5000 | </td> |
|---|
| 5001 | |
|---|
| 5002 | |
|---|
| 5003 | |
|---|
| 5004 | |
|---|
| 5005 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5006 | |
|---|
| 5007 | |
|---|
| 5008 | |
|---|
| 5009 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5010 | |
|---|
| 5011 | |
|---|
| 5012 | |
|---|
| 5013 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5014 | |
|---|
| 5015 | |
|---|
| 5016 | |
|---|
| 5017 | <p><a name="nx"></a><b>nx</b></p> |
|---|
| 5018 | |
|---|
| 5019 | |
|---|
| 5020 | |
|---|
| 5021 | |
|---|
| 5022 | </td> |
|---|
| 5023 | |
|---|
| 5024 | |
|---|
| 5025 | |
|---|
| 5026 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5027 | |
|---|
| 5028 | |
|---|
| 5029 | |
|---|
| 5030 | |
|---|
| 5031 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 5032 | |
|---|
| 5033 | |
|---|
| 5034 | |
|---|
| 5035 | </td> |
|---|
| 5036 | |
|---|
| 5037 | |
|---|
| 5038 | |
|---|
| 5039 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5040 | |
|---|
| 5041 | |
|---|
| 5042 | |
|---|
| 5043 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 5044 | points in x-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 5045 | |
|---|
| 5046 | |
|---|
| 5047 | |
|---|
| 5048 | |
|---|
| 5049 | |
|---|
| 5050 | |
|---|
| 5051 | |
|---|
| 5052 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 5053 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 5054 | array bound in PALM |
|---|
| 5055 | starts with i = 0, the actual number of grid points is equal to <b>nx+1</b>. |
|---|
| 5056 | In case of cyclic boundary conditions along x, the domain size is (<b>nx+1</b>)* |
|---|
| 5057 | <a href="#dx">dx</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 5058 | |
|---|
| 5059 | |
|---|
| 5060 | |
|---|
| 5061 | |
|---|
| 5062 | |
|---|
| 5063 | |
|---|
| 5064 | |
|---|
| 5065 | <p>For |
|---|
| 5066 | parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 5067 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 5068 | <b>nx+1</b> must |
|---|
| 5069 | be an integral multiple |
|---|
| 5070 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
|---|
| 5071 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
|---|
| 5072 | along x- as well as along y-direction (due to data |
|---|
| 5073 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 5074 | |
|---|
| 5075 | |
|---|
| 5076 | |
|---|
| 5077 | |
|---|
| 5078 | |
|---|
| 5079 | |
|---|
| 5080 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 5081 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 5082 | |
|---|
| 5083 | |
|---|
| 5084 | |
|---|
| 5085 | </td> |
|---|
| 5086 | |
|---|
| 5087 | |
|---|
| 5088 | |
|---|
| 5089 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5090 | |
|---|
| 5091 | |
|---|
| 5092 | |
|---|
| 5093 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5094 | |
|---|
| 5095 | |
|---|
| 5096 | |
|---|
| 5097 | |
|---|
| 5098 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5099 | |
|---|
| 5100 | |
|---|
| 5101 | |
|---|
| 5102 | <p><a name="ny"></a><b>ny</b></p> |
|---|
| 5103 | |
|---|
| 5104 | |
|---|
| 5105 | |
|---|
| 5106 | |
|---|
| 5107 | </td> |
|---|
| 5108 | |
|---|
| 5109 | |
|---|
| 5110 | |
|---|
| 5111 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5112 | |
|---|
| 5113 | |
|---|
| 5114 | |
|---|
| 5115 | |
|---|
| 5116 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 5117 | |
|---|
| 5118 | |
|---|
| 5119 | |
|---|
| 5120 | </td> |
|---|
| 5121 | |
|---|
| 5122 | |
|---|
| 5123 | |
|---|
| 5124 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5125 | |
|---|
| 5126 | |
|---|
| 5127 | |
|---|
| 5128 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 5129 | points in y-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 5130 | |
|---|
| 5131 | |
|---|
| 5132 | |
|---|
| 5133 | |
|---|
| 5134 | |
|---|
| 5135 | |
|---|
| 5136 | |
|---|
| 5137 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 5138 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 5139 | array bound in PALM starts with j = 0, the actual number of grid points |
|---|
| 5140 | is equal to <b>ny+1</b>. In case of cyclic boundary |
|---|
| 5141 | conditions along |
|---|
| 5142 | y, the domain size is (<b>ny+1</b>) * <a href="#dy">dy</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 5143 | |
|---|
| 5144 | |
|---|
| 5145 | |
|---|
| 5146 | |
|---|
| 5147 | |
|---|
| 5148 | |
|---|
| 5149 | |
|---|
| 5150 | <p>For parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 5151 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 5152 | <b>ny+1</b> must |
|---|
| 5153 | be an integral multiple |
|---|
| 5154 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
|---|
| 5155 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
|---|
| 5156 | along y- as well as along x-direction (due to data |
|---|
| 5157 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 5158 | |
|---|
| 5159 | |
|---|
| 5160 | |
|---|
| 5161 | |
|---|
| 5162 | |
|---|
| 5163 | |
|---|
| 5164 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 5165 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 5166 | |
|---|
| 5167 | |
|---|
| 5168 | |
|---|
| 5169 | </td> |
|---|
| 5170 | |
|---|
| 5171 | |
|---|
| 5172 | |
|---|
| 5173 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5174 | |
|---|
| 5175 | |
|---|
| 5176 | |
|---|
| 5177 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5178 | |
|---|
| 5179 | |
|---|
| 5180 | |
|---|
| 5181 | |
|---|
| 5182 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5183 | |
|---|
| 5184 | |
|---|
| 5185 | |
|---|
| 5186 | <p><a name="nz"></a><b>nz</b></p> |
|---|
| 5187 | |
|---|
| 5188 | |
|---|
| 5189 | |
|---|
| 5190 | |
|---|
| 5191 | </td> |
|---|
| 5192 | |
|---|
| 5193 | |
|---|
| 5194 | |
|---|
| 5195 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5196 | |
|---|
| 5197 | |
|---|
| 5198 | |
|---|
| 5199 | |
|---|
| 5200 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 5201 | |
|---|
| 5202 | |
|---|
| 5203 | |
|---|
| 5204 | </td> |
|---|
| 5205 | |
|---|
| 5206 | |
|---|
| 5207 | |
|---|
| 5208 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5209 | |
|---|
| 5210 | |
|---|
| 5211 | |
|---|
| 5212 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 5213 | points in z-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 5214 | |
|---|
| 5215 | |
|---|
| 5216 | |
|---|
| 5217 | |
|---|
| 5218 | |
|---|
| 5219 | |
|---|
| 5220 | |
|---|
| 5221 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 5222 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 5223 | array bound in PALM |
|---|
| 5224 | starts with k = 0 and since one additional grid point is added at the |
|---|
| 5225 | top boundary (k = <b>nz+1</b>), the actual number of grid |
|---|
| 5226 | points is <b>nz+2</b>. |
|---|
| 5227 | However, the prognostic equations are only solved up to <b>nz</b> |
|---|
| 5228 | (u, |
|---|
| 5229 | v) |
|---|
| 5230 | or up to <b>nz-1</b> (w, scalar quantities). The top |
|---|
| 5231 | boundary for u |
|---|
| 5232 | and v is at k = <b>nz+1</b> (u, v) while at k = <b>nz</b> |
|---|
| 5233 | for all |
|---|
| 5234 | other quantities. </p> |
|---|
| 5235 | |
|---|
| 5236 | |
|---|
| 5237 | |
|---|
| 5238 | |
|---|
| 5239 | |
|---|
| 5240 | |
|---|
| 5241 | |
|---|
| 5242 | <p>For parallel |
|---|
| 5243 | runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 5244 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 5245 | <b>nz</b> must |
|---|
| 5246 | be an integral multiple of |
|---|
| 5247 | the number of processors in x-direction (due to data transposition |
|---|
| 5248 | restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 5249 | |
|---|
| 5250 | |
|---|
| 5251 | |
|---|
| 5252 | </td> |
|---|
| 5253 | |
|---|
| 5254 | |
|---|
| 5255 | |
|---|
| 5256 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5257 | |
|---|
| 5258 | |
|---|
| 5259 | |
|---|
| 5260 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5261 | |
|---|
| 5262 | |
|---|
| 5263 | |
|---|
| 5264 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="ocean"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></td> |
|---|
| 5265 | |
|---|
| 5266 | |
|---|
| 5267 | |
|---|
| 5268 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 5269 | |
|---|
| 5270 | |
|---|
| 5271 | |
|---|
| 5272 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 5273 | |
|---|
| 5274 | |
|---|
| 5275 | |
|---|
| 5276 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on ocean runs.<br> |
|---|
| 5277 | |
|---|
| 5278 | |
|---|
| 5279 | |
|---|
| 5280 | <br> |
|---|
| 5281 | |
|---|
| 5282 | |
|---|
| 5283 | |
|---|
| 5284 | By default PALM is configured to simulate atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> allows simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:<br> |
|---|
| 5285 | |
|---|
| 5286 | |
|---|
| 5287 | |
|---|
| 5288 | <br> |
|---|
| 5289 | |
|---|
| 5290 | |
|---|
| 5291 | |
|---|
| 5292 | |
|---|
| 5293 | |
|---|
| 5294 | |
|---|
| 5295 | <ul> |
|---|
| 5296 | |
|---|
| 5297 | |
|---|
| 5298 | |
|---|
| 5299 | <li>An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved.</li> |
|---|
| 5300 | |
|---|
| 5301 | |
|---|
| 5302 | |
|---|
| 5303 | <li>Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density.</li> |
|---|
| 5304 | |
|---|
| 5305 | |
|---|
| 5306 | |
|---|
| 5307 | <li>Potential |
|---|
| 5308 | density is calculated from the equation of state for seawater after |
|---|
| 5309 | each timestep, using the algorithm proposed by Jackett et al. (2006, J. |
|---|
| 5310 | Atmos. Oceanic Technol., <span style="font-weight: bold;">23</span>, 1709-1728).<br> |
|---|
| 5311 | |
|---|
| 5312 | |
|---|
| 5313 | |
|---|
| 5314 | So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation.</li> |
|---|
| 5315 | |
|---|
| 5316 | |
|---|
| 5317 | |
|---|
| 5318 | <li>z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">k=nzt</span> on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth.</li> |
|---|
| 5319 | |
|---|
| 5320 | |
|---|
| 5321 | |
|---|
| 5322 | <li>Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> / <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>) starting from the sea surface, using surface values given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.</li> |
|---|
| 5323 | |
|---|
| 5324 | |
|---|
| 5325 | |
|---|
| 5326 | <li>Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea.</li> |
|---|
| 5327 | |
|---|
| 5328 | |
|---|
| 5329 | |
|---|
| 5330 | <li>If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).</li> |
|---|
| 5331 | |
|---|
| 5332 | |
|---|
| 5333 | |
|---|
| 5334 | |
|---|
| 5335 | |
|---|
| 5336 | |
|---|
| 5337 | </ul> |
|---|
| 5338 | |
|---|
| 5339 | |
|---|
| 5340 | |
|---|
| 5341 | <br> |
|---|
| 5342 | |
|---|
| 5343 | |
|---|
| 5344 | |
|---|
| 5345 | Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are <a href="#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>, <a href="#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>, and <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 5346 | |
|---|
| 5347 | |
|---|
| 5348 | |
|---|
| 5349 | <br> |
|---|
| 5350 | |
|---|
| 5351 | |
|---|
| 5352 | |
|---|
| 5353 | Section <a href="chapter_4.2.2.html">4.4.2</a> gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.<br> |
|---|
| 5354 | |
|---|
| 5355 | |
|---|
| 5356 | |
|---|
| 5357 | <br> |
|---|
| 5358 | |
|---|
| 5359 | |
|---|
| 5360 | |
|---|
| 5361 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> does not allow settings of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> as well as <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>.<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br> |
|---|
| 5362 | </td> |
|---|
| 5363 | |
|---|
| 5364 | |
|---|
| 5365 | |
|---|
| 5366 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5367 | |
|---|
| 5368 | |
|---|
| 5369 | |
|---|
| 5370 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5371 | |
|---|
| 5372 | |
|---|
| 5373 | |
|---|
| 5374 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5375 | |
|---|
| 5376 | |
|---|
| 5377 | |
|---|
| 5378 | <p><a name="omega"></a><b>omega</b></p> |
|---|
| 5379 | |
|---|
| 5380 | |
|---|
| 5381 | |
|---|
| 5382 | |
|---|
| 5383 | </td> |
|---|
| 5384 | |
|---|
| 5385 | |
|---|
| 5386 | |
|---|
| 5387 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5388 | |
|---|
| 5389 | |
|---|
| 5390 | |
|---|
| 5391 | |
|---|
| 5392 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>7.29212E-5</i></td> |
|---|
| 5393 | |
|---|
| 5394 | |
|---|
| 5395 | |
|---|
| 5396 | |
|---|
| 5397 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5398 | |
|---|
| 5399 | |
|---|
| 5400 | |
|---|
| 5401 | <p>Angular |
|---|
| 5402 | velocity of the rotating system (in rad s<sup>-1</sup>). |
|---|
| 5403 | </p> |
|---|
| 5404 | |
|---|
| 5405 | |
|---|
| 5406 | |
|---|
| 5407 | |
|---|
| 5408 | |
|---|
| 5409 | |
|---|
| 5410 | |
|---|
| 5411 | <p>The angular velocity of the earth is set by |
|---|
| 5412 | default. The |
|---|
| 5413 | values |
|---|
| 5414 | of the Coriolis parameters are calculated as: </p> |
|---|
| 5415 | |
|---|
| 5416 | |
|---|
| 5417 | |
|---|
| 5418 | |
|---|
| 5419 | |
|---|
| 5420 | |
|---|
| 5421 | |
|---|
| 5422 | <ul> |
|---|
| 5423 | |
|---|
| 5424 | |
|---|
| 5425 | |
|---|
| 5426 | |
|---|
| 5427 | |
|---|
| 5428 | |
|---|
| 5429 | |
|---|
| 5430 | <p>f = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * sin(<a href="#phi">phi</a>) |
|---|
| 5431 | <br> |
|---|
| 5432 | |
|---|
| 5433 | |
|---|
| 5434 | |
|---|
| 5435 | f* = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * cos(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)</p> |
|---|
| 5436 | |
|---|
| 5437 | |
|---|
| 5438 | |
|---|
| 5439 | |
|---|
| 5440 | |
|---|
| 5441 | |
|---|
| 5442 | |
|---|
| 5443 | </ul> |
|---|
| 5444 | |
|---|
| 5445 | |
|---|
| 5446 | |
|---|
| 5447 | </td> |
|---|
| 5448 | |
|---|
| 5449 | |
|---|
| 5450 | |
|---|
| 5451 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5452 | |
|---|
| 5453 | |
|---|
| 5454 | |
|---|
| 5455 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5456 | |
|---|
| 5457 | |
|---|
| 5458 | |
|---|
| 5459 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5460 | |
|---|
| 5461 | |
|---|
| 5462 | |
|---|
| 5463 | <p><a name="outflow_damping_width"></a><b>outflow_damping_width</b></p> |
|---|
| 5464 | |
|---|
| 5465 | |
|---|
| 5466 | |
|---|
| 5467 | |
|---|
| 5468 | </td> |
|---|
| 5469 | |
|---|
| 5470 | |
|---|
| 5471 | |
|---|
| 5472 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5473 | |
|---|
| 5474 | |
|---|
| 5475 | |
|---|
| 5476 | |
|---|
| 5477 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20, |
|---|
| 5478 | nx/2</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">ny/2)</span></td> |
|---|
| 5479 | |
|---|
| 5480 | |
|---|
| 5481 | |
|---|
| 5482 | |
|---|
| 5483 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Width of |
|---|
| 5484 | the damping range in the vicinity of the outflow (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 5485 | |
|---|
| 5486 | |
|---|
| 5487 | |
|---|
| 5488 | |
|---|
| 5489 | <br> |
|---|
| 5490 | |
|---|
| 5491 | |
|---|
| 5492 | |
|---|
| 5493 | |
|---|
| 5494 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 5495 | or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 5496 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
|---|
| 5497 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 5498 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. This parameter controlls the |
|---|
| 5499 | horizontal range to which the smoothing is applied. The range is given |
|---|
| 5500 | in gridpoints counted from the respective outflow boundary. For further |
|---|
| 5501 | details about the smoothing see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a>, |
|---|
| 5502 | which defines the magnitude of the damping.</td> |
|---|
| 5503 | |
|---|
| 5504 | |
|---|
| 5505 | |
|---|
| 5506 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5507 | |
|---|
| 5508 | |
|---|
| 5509 | |
|---|
| 5510 | |
|---|
| 5511 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5512 | |
|---|
| 5513 | |
|---|
| 5514 | |
|---|
| 5515 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5516 | |
|---|
| 5517 | |
|---|
| 5518 | |
|---|
| 5519 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_e"></a><b>overshoot_limit_e</b></p> |
|---|
| 5520 | |
|---|
| 5521 | |
|---|
| 5522 | |
|---|
| 5523 | |
|---|
| 5524 | </td> |
|---|
| 5525 | |
|---|
| 5526 | |
|---|
| 5527 | |
|---|
| 5528 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5529 | |
|---|
| 5530 | |
|---|
| 5531 | |
|---|
| 5532 | |
|---|
| 5533 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 5534 | |
|---|
| 5535 | |
|---|
| 5536 | |
|---|
| 5537 | |
|---|
| 5538 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5539 | |
|---|
| 5540 | |
|---|
| 5541 | |
|---|
| 5542 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 5543 | for the overshooting of subgrid-scale TKE in |
|---|
| 5544 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
|---|
| 5545 | </p> |
|---|
| 5546 | |
|---|
| 5547 | |
|---|
| 5548 | |
|---|
| 5549 | |
|---|
| 5550 | |
|---|
| 5551 | |
|---|
| 5552 | |
|---|
| 5553 | <p>By deafult, if cut-off of overshoots is switched |
|---|
| 5554 | on for the |
|---|
| 5555 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>), |
|---|
| 5556 | no overshoots are permitted at all. If <b>overshoot_limit_e</b> |
|---|
| 5557 | is given a non-zero value, overshoots with the respective |
|---|
| 5558 | amplitude (both upward and downward) are allowed. </p> |
|---|
| 5559 | |
|---|
| 5560 | |
|---|
| 5561 | |
|---|
| 5562 | |
|---|
| 5563 | |
|---|
| 5564 | |
|---|
| 5565 | |
|---|
| 5566 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_e</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 5567 | |
|---|
| 5568 | |
|---|
| 5569 | |
|---|
| 5570 | |
|---|
| 5571 | </td> |
|---|
| 5572 | |
|---|
| 5573 | |
|---|
| 5574 | |
|---|
| 5575 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5576 | |
|---|
| 5577 | |
|---|
| 5578 | |
|---|
| 5579 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5580 | |
|---|
| 5581 | |
|---|
| 5582 | |
|---|
| 5583 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5584 | |
|---|
| 5585 | |
|---|
| 5586 | |
|---|
| 5587 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_pt"></a><b>overshoot_limit_pt</b></p> |
|---|
| 5588 | |
|---|
| 5589 | |
|---|
| 5590 | |
|---|
| 5591 | |
|---|
| 5592 | </td> |
|---|
| 5593 | |
|---|
| 5594 | |
|---|
| 5595 | |
|---|
| 5596 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5597 | |
|---|
| 5598 | |
|---|
| 5599 | |
|---|
| 5600 | |
|---|
| 5601 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 5602 | |
|---|
| 5603 | |
|---|
| 5604 | |
|---|
| 5605 | |
|---|
| 5606 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5607 | |
|---|
| 5608 | |
|---|
| 5609 | |
|---|
| 5610 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 5611 | for the overshooting of potential temperature in |
|---|
| 5612 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 5613 | |
|---|
| 5614 | |
|---|
| 5615 | |
|---|
| 5616 | |
|---|
| 5617 | |
|---|
| 5618 | |
|---|
| 5619 | |
|---|
| 5620 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 5621 | </p> |
|---|
| 5622 | |
|---|
| 5623 | |
|---|
| 5624 | |
|---|
| 5625 | |
|---|
| 5626 | |
|---|
| 5627 | |
|---|
| 5628 | |
|---|
| 5629 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_pt</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 5630 | |
|---|
| 5631 | |
|---|
| 5632 | |
|---|
| 5633 | |
|---|
| 5634 | </td> |
|---|
| 5635 | |
|---|
| 5636 | |
|---|
| 5637 | |
|---|
| 5638 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5639 | |
|---|
| 5640 | |
|---|
| 5641 | |
|---|
| 5642 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5643 | |
|---|
| 5644 | |
|---|
| 5645 | |
|---|
| 5646 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5647 | |
|---|
| 5648 | |
|---|
| 5649 | |
|---|
| 5650 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_u"></a><b>overshoot_limit_u</b></p> |
|---|
| 5651 | |
|---|
| 5652 | |
|---|
| 5653 | |
|---|
| 5654 | |
|---|
| 5655 | </td> |
|---|
| 5656 | |
|---|
| 5657 | |
|---|
| 5658 | |
|---|
| 5659 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5660 | |
|---|
| 5661 | |
|---|
| 5662 | |
|---|
| 5663 | |
|---|
| 5664 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 5665 | |
|---|
| 5666 | |
|---|
| 5667 | |
|---|
| 5668 | |
|---|
| 5669 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed limit for the |
|---|
| 5670 | overshooting of |
|---|
| 5671 | the u-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is |
|---|
| 5672 | switched on (in m/s). |
|---|
| 5673 | |
|---|
| 5674 | |
|---|
| 5675 | |
|---|
| 5676 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 5677 | </p> |
|---|
| 5678 | |
|---|
| 5679 | |
|---|
| 5680 | |
|---|
| 5681 | |
|---|
| 5682 | |
|---|
| 5683 | |
|---|
| 5684 | |
|---|
| 5685 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_u</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 5686 | |
|---|
| 5687 | |
|---|
| 5688 | |
|---|
| 5689 | |
|---|
| 5690 | </td> |
|---|
| 5691 | |
|---|
| 5692 | |
|---|
| 5693 | |
|---|
| 5694 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5695 | |
|---|
| 5696 | |
|---|
| 5697 | |
|---|
| 5698 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5699 | |
|---|
| 5700 | |
|---|
| 5701 | |
|---|
| 5702 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5703 | |
|---|
| 5704 | |
|---|
| 5705 | |
|---|
| 5706 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_v"></a><b>overshoot_limit_v</b></p> |
|---|
| 5707 | |
|---|
| 5708 | |
|---|
| 5709 | |
|---|
| 5710 | |
|---|
| 5711 | </td> |
|---|
| 5712 | |
|---|
| 5713 | |
|---|
| 5714 | |
|---|
| 5715 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5716 | |
|---|
| 5717 | |
|---|
| 5718 | |
|---|
| 5719 | |
|---|
| 5720 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 5721 | |
|---|
| 5722 | |
|---|
| 5723 | |
|---|
| 5724 | |
|---|
| 5725 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5726 | |
|---|
| 5727 | |
|---|
| 5728 | |
|---|
| 5729 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 5730 | for the overshooting of the v-component of |
|---|
| 5731 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
|---|
| 5732 | (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 5733 | |
|---|
| 5734 | |
|---|
| 5735 | |
|---|
| 5736 | |
|---|
| 5737 | |
|---|
| 5738 | |
|---|
| 5739 | |
|---|
| 5740 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 5741 | </p> |
|---|
| 5742 | |
|---|
| 5743 | |
|---|
| 5744 | |
|---|
| 5745 | |
|---|
| 5746 | |
|---|
| 5747 | |
|---|
| 5748 | |
|---|
| 5749 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_v</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 5750 | |
|---|
| 5751 | |
|---|
| 5752 | |
|---|
| 5753 | |
|---|
| 5754 | </td> |
|---|
| 5755 | |
|---|
| 5756 | |
|---|
| 5757 | |
|---|
| 5758 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5759 | |
|---|
| 5760 | |
|---|
| 5761 | |
|---|
| 5762 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5763 | |
|---|
| 5764 | |
|---|
| 5765 | |
|---|
| 5766 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5767 | |
|---|
| 5768 | |
|---|
| 5769 | |
|---|
| 5770 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_w"></a><b>overshoot_limit_w</b></p> |
|---|
| 5771 | |
|---|
| 5772 | |
|---|
| 5773 | |
|---|
| 5774 | |
|---|
| 5775 | </td> |
|---|
| 5776 | |
|---|
| 5777 | |
|---|
| 5778 | |
|---|
| 5779 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5780 | |
|---|
| 5781 | |
|---|
| 5782 | |
|---|
| 5783 | |
|---|
| 5784 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 5785 | |
|---|
| 5786 | |
|---|
| 5787 | |
|---|
| 5788 | |
|---|
| 5789 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5790 | |
|---|
| 5791 | |
|---|
| 5792 | |
|---|
| 5793 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 5794 | for the overshooting of the w-component of |
|---|
| 5795 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
|---|
| 5796 | (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 5797 | |
|---|
| 5798 | |
|---|
| 5799 | |
|---|
| 5800 | |
|---|
| 5801 | |
|---|
| 5802 | |
|---|
| 5803 | |
|---|
| 5804 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 5805 | </p> |
|---|
| 5806 | |
|---|
| 5807 | |
|---|
| 5808 | |
|---|
| 5809 | |
|---|
| 5810 | |
|---|
| 5811 | |
|---|
| 5812 | |
|---|
| 5813 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>overshoot_limit_w</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 5814 | |
|---|
| 5815 | |
|---|
| 5816 | |
|---|
| 5817 | |
|---|
| 5818 | </td> |
|---|
| 5819 | |
|---|
| 5820 | |
|---|
| 5821 | |
|---|
| 5822 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5823 | |
|---|
| 5824 | |
|---|
| 5825 | |
|---|
| 5826 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5827 | |
|---|
| 5828 | |
|---|
| 5829 | |
|---|
| 5830 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5831 | |
|---|
| 5832 | |
|---|
| 5833 | |
|---|
| 5834 | <p><a name="passive_scalar"></a><b>passive_scalar</b></p> |
|---|
| 5835 | |
|---|
| 5836 | |
|---|
| 5837 | |
|---|
| 5838 | |
|---|
| 5839 | </td> |
|---|
| 5840 | |
|---|
| 5841 | |
|---|
| 5842 | |
|---|
| 5843 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 5844 | |
|---|
| 5845 | |
|---|
| 5846 | |
|---|
| 5847 | |
|---|
| 5848 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 5849 | |
|---|
| 5850 | |
|---|
| 5851 | |
|---|
| 5852 | |
|---|
| 5853 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5854 | |
|---|
| 5855 | |
|---|
| 5856 | |
|---|
| 5857 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 5858 | switch on the prognostic equation for a passive |
|---|
| 5859 | scalar. <br> |
|---|
| 5860 | |
|---|
| 5861 | |
|---|
| 5862 | |
|---|
| 5863 | </p> |
|---|
| 5864 | |
|---|
| 5865 | |
|---|
| 5866 | |
|---|
| 5867 | |
|---|
| 5868 | |
|---|
| 5869 | |
|---|
| 5870 | |
|---|
| 5871 | <p>The initial vertical profile |
|---|
| 5872 | of s can be set via parameters <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 5873 | <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 5874 | and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 5875 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a> |
|---|
| 5876 | and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>. |
|---|
| 5877 | </p> |
|---|
| 5878 | |
|---|
| 5879 | |
|---|
| 5880 | |
|---|
| 5881 | |
|---|
| 5882 | |
|---|
| 5883 | |
|---|
| 5884 | |
|---|
| 5885 | <p><b>Note:</b> <br> |
|---|
| 5886 | |
|---|
| 5887 | |
|---|
| 5888 | |
|---|
| 5889 | |
|---|
| 5890 | With <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span> |
|---|
| 5891 | switched |
|---|
| 5892 | on, the simultaneous use of humidity (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a>) |
|---|
| 5893 | is impossible.</p> |
|---|
| 5894 | |
|---|
| 5895 | |
|---|
| 5896 | |
|---|
| 5897 | </td> |
|---|
| 5898 | |
|---|
| 5899 | |
|---|
| 5900 | |
|---|
| 5901 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5902 | |
|---|
| 5903 | |
|---|
| 5904 | |
|---|
| 5905 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5906 | |
|---|
| 5907 | |
|---|
| 5908 | |
|---|
| 5909 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5910 | |
|---|
| 5911 | |
|---|
| 5912 | |
|---|
| 5913 | <p><a name="phi"></a><b>phi</b></p> |
|---|
| 5914 | |
|---|
| 5915 | |
|---|
| 5916 | |
|---|
| 5917 | |
|---|
| 5918 | </td> |
|---|
| 5919 | |
|---|
| 5920 | |
|---|
| 5921 | |
|---|
| 5922 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5923 | |
|---|
| 5924 | |
|---|
| 5925 | |
|---|
| 5926 | |
|---|
| 5927 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>55.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 5928 | |
|---|
| 5929 | |
|---|
| 5930 | |
|---|
| 5931 | |
|---|
| 5932 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5933 | |
|---|
| 5934 | |
|---|
| 5935 | |
|---|
| 5936 | <p>Geographical |
|---|
| 5937 | latitude (in degrees). </p> |
|---|
| 5938 | |
|---|
| 5939 | |
|---|
| 5940 | |
|---|
| 5941 | |
|---|
| 5942 | |
|---|
| 5943 | |
|---|
| 5944 | |
|---|
| 5945 | <p>The value of |
|---|
| 5946 | this parameter determines the value of the |
|---|
| 5947 | Coriolis parameters f and f*, provided that the angular velocity (see <a href="#omega">omega</a>) |
|---|
| 5948 | is non-zero.</p> |
|---|
| 5949 | |
|---|
| 5950 | |
|---|
| 5951 | |
|---|
| 5952 | </td> |
|---|
| 5953 | |
|---|
| 5954 | |
|---|
| 5955 | |
|---|
| 5956 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5957 | |
|---|
| 5958 | |
|---|
| 5959 | |
|---|
| 5960 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5961 | |
|---|
| 5962 | |
|---|
| 5963 | |
|---|
| 5964 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5965 | |
|---|
| 5966 | |
|---|
| 5967 | |
|---|
| 5968 | <p><a name="prandtl_layer"></a><b>prandtl_layer</b></p> |
|---|
| 5969 | |
|---|
| 5970 | |
|---|
| 5971 | |
|---|
| 5972 | |
|---|
| 5973 | </td> |
|---|
| 5974 | |
|---|
| 5975 | |
|---|
| 5976 | |
|---|
| 5977 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 5978 | |
|---|
| 5979 | |
|---|
| 5980 | |
|---|
| 5981 | |
|---|
| 5982 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
|---|
| 5983 | |
|---|
| 5984 | |
|---|
| 5985 | |
|---|
| 5986 | |
|---|
| 5987 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5988 | |
|---|
| 5989 | |
|---|
| 5990 | |
|---|
| 5991 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 5992 | switch on a Prandtl layer. </p> |
|---|
| 5993 | |
|---|
| 5994 | |
|---|
| 5995 | |
|---|
| 5996 | |
|---|
| 5997 | |
|---|
| 5998 | |
|---|
| 5999 | |
|---|
| 6000 | <p>By default, |
|---|
| 6001 | a Prandtl layer is switched on at the bottom |
|---|
| 6002 | boundary between z = 0 and z = 0.5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 6003 | (the first computational grid point above ground for u, v and the |
|---|
| 6004 | scalar quantities). |
|---|
| 6005 | In this case, at the bottom boundary, free-slip conditions for u and v |
|---|
| 6006 | (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>) |
|---|
| 6007 | are not allowed. Likewise, laminar |
|---|
| 6008 | simulations with constant eddy diffusivities (<a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>) |
|---|
| 6009 | are forbidden. </p> |
|---|
| 6010 | |
|---|
| 6011 | |
|---|
| 6012 | |
|---|
| 6013 | |
|---|
| 6014 | |
|---|
| 6015 | |
|---|
| 6016 | |
|---|
| 6017 | <p>With Prandtl-layer |
|---|
| 6018 | switched off, the TKE boundary condition <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a> |
|---|
| 6019 | = '<i>(u*)**2+neumann'</i> must not be used and is |
|---|
| 6020 | automatically |
|---|
| 6021 | changed to <i>'neumann'</i> if necessary. Also, |
|---|
| 6022 | the pressure |
|---|
| 6023 | boundary condition <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a> |
|---|
| 6024 | = <i>'neumann+inhomo'</i> is not allowed. </p> |
|---|
| 6025 | |
|---|
| 6026 | |
|---|
| 6027 | |
|---|
| 6028 | |
|---|
| 6029 | |
|---|
| 6030 | |
|---|
| 6031 | |
|---|
| 6032 | <p>The roughness length is declared via the parameter <a href="#roughness_length">roughness_length</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 6033 | |
|---|
| 6034 | |
|---|
| 6035 | |
|---|
| 6036 | |
|---|
| 6037 | </td> |
|---|
| 6038 | |
|---|
| 6039 | |
|---|
| 6040 | |
|---|
| 6041 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6042 | |
|---|
| 6043 | |
|---|
| 6044 | |
|---|
| 6045 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6046 | |
|---|
| 6047 | |
|---|
| 6048 | |
|---|
| 6049 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6050 | |
|---|
| 6051 | |
|---|
| 6052 | |
|---|
| 6053 | <p><a name="precipitation"></a><b>precipitation</b></p> |
|---|
| 6054 | |
|---|
| 6055 | |
|---|
| 6056 | |
|---|
| 6057 | |
|---|
| 6058 | </td> |
|---|
| 6059 | |
|---|
| 6060 | |
|---|
| 6061 | |
|---|
| 6062 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 6063 | |
|---|
| 6064 | |
|---|
| 6065 | |
|---|
| 6066 | |
|---|
| 6067 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 6068 | |
|---|
| 6069 | |
|---|
| 6070 | |
|---|
| 6071 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6072 | |
|---|
| 6073 | |
|---|
| 6074 | |
|---|
| 6075 | <p>Parameter to switch |
|---|
| 6076 | on the precipitation scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 6077 | |
|---|
| 6078 | |
|---|
| 6079 | |
|---|
| 6080 | </p> |
|---|
| 6081 | |
|---|
| 6082 | |
|---|
| 6083 | |
|---|
| 6084 | |
|---|
| 6085 | |
|---|
| 6086 | |
|---|
| 6087 | |
|---|
| 6088 | <p>For |
|---|
| 6089 | precipitation processes PALM uses a simplified Kessler |
|---|
| 6090 | scheme. This scheme only considers the |
|---|
| 6091 | so-called autoconversion, that means the generation of rain water by |
|---|
| 6092 | coagulation of cloud drops among themselves. Precipitation begins and |
|---|
| 6093 | is immediately removed from the flow as soon as the liquid water |
|---|
| 6094 | content exceeds the critical value of 0.5 g/kg.</p> |
|---|
| 6095 | |
|---|
| 6096 | |
|---|
| 6097 | |
|---|
| 6098 | |
|---|
| 6099 | |
|---|
| 6100 | |
|---|
| 6101 | <p>The precipitation rate and amount can be output by assigning the runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'prr*'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'pra*'</span>, respectively. The time interval on which the precipitation amount is defined can be controlled via runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 6102 | |
|---|
| 6103 | |
|---|
| 6104 | |
|---|
| 6105 | </td> |
|---|
| 6106 | |
|---|
| 6107 | |
|---|
| 6108 | |
|---|
| 6109 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6110 | |
|---|
| 6111 | |
|---|
| 6112 | |
|---|
| 6113 | |
|---|
| 6114 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6115 | |
|---|
| 6116 | |
|---|
| 6117 | |
|---|
| 6118 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pt_reference"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span></td> |
|---|
| 6119 | |
|---|
| 6120 | |
|---|
| 6121 | |
|---|
| 6122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6123 | |
|---|
| 6124 | |
|---|
| 6125 | |
|---|
| 6126 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">use horizontal average as |
|---|
| 6127 | refrence</span></td> |
|---|
| 6128 | |
|---|
| 6129 | |
|---|
| 6130 | |
|---|
| 6131 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Reference |
|---|
| 6132 | temperature to be used in all buoyancy terms (in K).<br> |
|---|
| 6133 | |
|---|
| 6134 | |
|---|
| 6135 | |
|---|
| 6136 | <br> |
|---|
| 6137 | |
|---|
| 6138 | |
|---|
| 6139 | |
|---|
| 6140 | By |
|---|
| 6141 | default, the instantaneous horizontal average over the total model |
|---|
| 6142 | domain is used.<br> |
|---|
| 6143 | |
|---|
| 6144 | |
|---|
| 6145 | |
|---|
| 6146 | <br> |
|---|
| 6147 | |
|---|
| 6148 | |
|---|
| 6149 | |
|---|
| 6150 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 6151 | |
|---|
| 6152 | |
|---|
| 6153 | |
|---|
| 6154 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), always a reference temperature is used in the buoyancy terms with a default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span> = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 6155 | |
|---|
| 6156 | |
|---|
| 6157 | |
|---|
| 6158 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6159 | |
|---|
| 6160 | |
|---|
| 6161 | |
|---|
| 6162 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6163 | |
|---|
| 6164 | |
|---|
| 6165 | |
|---|
| 6166 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6167 | |
|---|
| 6168 | |
|---|
| 6169 | |
|---|
| 6170 | <p><a name="pt_surface"></a><b>pt_surface</b></p> |
|---|
| 6171 | |
|---|
| 6172 | |
|---|
| 6173 | |
|---|
| 6174 | |
|---|
| 6175 | </td> |
|---|
| 6176 | |
|---|
| 6177 | |
|---|
| 6178 | |
|---|
| 6179 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6180 | |
|---|
| 6181 | |
|---|
| 6182 | |
|---|
| 6183 | |
|---|
| 6184 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>300.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6185 | |
|---|
| 6186 | |
|---|
| 6187 | |
|---|
| 6188 | |
|---|
| 6189 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6190 | |
|---|
| 6191 | |
|---|
| 6192 | |
|---|
| 6193 | <p>Surface |
|---|
| 6194 | potential temperature (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 6195 | |
|---|
| 6196 | |
|---|
| 6197 | |
|---|
| 6198 | |
|---|
| 6199 | |
|---|
| 6200 | |
|---|
| 6201 | |
|---|
| 6202 | <p>This |
|---|
| 6203 | parameter assigns the value of the potential temperature |
|---|
| 6204 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
|---|
| 6205 | the |
|---|
| 6206 | initial vertical temperature profile is constructed with <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6207 | and <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 6208 | </a>. |
|---|
| 6209 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
|---|
| 6210 | |
|---|
| 6211 | |
|---|
| 6212 | |
|---|
| 6213 | |
|---|
| 6214 | |
|---|
| 6215 | |
|---|
| 6216 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 6217 | |
|---|
| 6218 | |
|---|
| 6219 | |
|---|
| 6220 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 6221 | this parameter gives the temperature value at the sea surface, which is |
|---|
| 6222 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
|---|
| 6223 | bottom of the model.</p> |
|---|
| 6224 | |
|---|
| 6225 | |
|---|
| 6226 | |
|---|
| 6227 | |
|---|
| 6228 | </td> |
|---|
| 6229 | |
|---|
| 6230 | |
|---|
| 6231 | |
|---|
| 6232 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6233 | |
|---|
| 6234 | |
|---|
| 6235 | |
|---|
| 6236 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6237 | |
|---|
| 6238 | |
|---|
| 6239 | |
|---|
| 6240 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6241 | |
|---|
| 6242 | |
|---|
| 6243 | |
|---|
| 6244 | <p><a name="pt_surface_initial_change"></a><b>pt_surface_initial</b> |
|---|
| 6245 | <br> |
|---|
| 6246 | |
|---|
| 6247 | |
|---|
| 6248 | |
|---|
| 6249 | <b>_change</b></p> |
|---|
| 6250 | |
|---|
| 6251 | |
|---|
| 6252 | |
|---|
| 6253 | </td> |
|---|
| 6254 | |
|---|
| 6255 | |
|---|
| 6256 | |
|---|
| 6257 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6258 | |
|---|
| 6259 | |
|---|
| 6260 | |
|---|
| 6261 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 6262 | |
|---|
| 6263 | |
|---|
| 6264 | |
|---|
| 6265 | </td> |
|---|
| 6266 | |
|---|
| 6267 | |
|---|
| 6268 | |
|---|
| 6269 | |
|---|
| 6270 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6271 | |
|---|
| 6272 | |
|---|
| 6273 | |
|---|
| 6274 | <p>Change in |
|---|
| 6275 | surface temperature to be made at the beginning of |
|---|
| 6276 | the 3d run |
|---|
| 6277 | (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 6278 | |
|---|
| 6279 | |
|---|
| 6280 | |
|---|
| 6281 | |
|---|
| 6282 | |
|---|
| 6283 | |
|---|
| 6284 | |
|---|
| 6285 | <p>If <b>pt_surface_initial_change</b> |
|---|
| 6286 | is set to a non-zero |
|---|
| 6287 | value, the near surface sensible heat flux is not allowed to be given |
|---|
| 6288 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 6289 | |
|---|
| 6290 | |
|---|
| 6291 | |
|---|
| 6292 | |
|---|
| 6293 | </td> |
|---|
| 6294 | |
|---|
| 6295 | |
|---|
| 6296 | |
|---|
| 6297 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6298 | |
|---|
| 6299 | |
|---|
| 6300 | |
|---|
| 6301 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6302 | |
|---|
| 6303 | |
|---|
| 6304 | |
|---|
| 6305 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6306 | |
|---|
| 6307 | |
|---|
| 6308 | |
|---|
| 6309 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
|---|
| 6310 | |
|---|
| 6311 | |
|---|
| 6312 | |
|---|
| 6313 | |
|---|
| 6314 | </td> |
|---|
| 6315 | |
|---|
| 6316 | |
|---|
| 6317 | |
|---|
| 6318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6319 | |
|---|
| 6320 | |
|---|
| 6321 | |
|---|
| 6322 | |
|---|
| 6323 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6324 | |
|---|
| 6325 | |
|---|
| 6326 | |
|---|
| 6327 | |
|---|
| 6328 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6329 | |
|---|
| 6330 | |
|---|
| 6331 | |
|---|
| 6332 | <p>Temperature |
|---|
| 6333 | gradient(s) of the initial temperature profile (in |
|---|
| 6334 | K |
|---|
| 6335 | / 100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 6336 | |
|---|
| 6337 | |
|---|
| 6338 | |
|---|
| 6339 | |
|---|
| 6340 | |
|---|
| 6341 | |
|---|
| 6342 | |
|---|
| 6343 | <p>This temperature gradient |
|---|
| 6344 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 6345 | level defined by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6346 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > |
|---|
| 6347 | pt_vertical_gradient_level, |
|---|
| 6348 | pt_init(k) is set: pt_init(k) = pt_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>) |
|---|
| 6349 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
|---|
| 6350 | by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 6351 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 6352 | if <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 6353 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface temperature is |
|---|
| 6354 | assigned via <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 6355 | </p> |
|---|
| 6356 | |
|---|
| 6357 | |
|---|
| 6358 | |
|---|
| 6359 | |
|---|
| 6360 | |
|---|
| 6361 | |
|---|
| 6362 | |
|---|
| 6363 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 6364 | |
|---|
| 6365 | |
|---|
| 6366 | |
|---|
| 6367 | |
|---|
| 6368 | |
|---|
| 6369 | |
|---|
| 6370 | |
|---|
| 6371 | <ul> |
|---|
| 6372 | |
|---|
| 6373 | |
|---|
| 6374 | |
|---|
| 6375 | |
|---|
| 6376 | |
|---|
| 6377 | |
|---|
| 6378 | |
|---|
| 6379 | <p><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 6380 | = <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 6381 | |
|---|
| 6382 | |
|---|
| 6383 | |
|---|
| 6384 | |
|---|
| 6385 | <b>pt_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 6386 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 6387 | |
|---|
| 6388 | |
|---|
| 6389 | |
|---|
| 6390 | |
|---|
| 6391 | |
|---|
| 6392 | |
|---|
| 6393 | |
|---|
| 6394 | </ul> |
|---|
| 6395 | |
|---|
| 6396 | |
|---|
| 6397 | |
|---|
| 6398 | |
|---|
| 6399 | |
|---|
| 6400 | |
|---|
| 6401 | |
|---|
| 6402 | <p>That |
|---|
| 6403 | defines the temperature profile to be neutrally |
|---|
| 6404 | stratified |
|---|
| 6405 | up to z = 500.0 m with a temperature given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 6406 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the temperature gradient is |
|---|
| 6407 | 1.0 K / |
|---|
| 6408 | 100 m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
|---|
| 6409 | 0.5 K / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
|---|
| 6410 | with uv levels).</p> |
|---|
| 6411 | |
|---|
| 6412 | |
|---|
| 6413 | |
|---|
| 6414 | |
|---|
| 6415 | |
|---|
| 6416 | |
|---|
| 6417 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 6418 | |
|---|
| 6419 | |
|---|
| 6420 | |
|---|
| 6421 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 6422 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
|---|
| 6423 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
|---|
| 6424 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 6425 | |
|---|
| 6426 | |
|---|
| 6427 | |
|---|
| 6428 | </td> |
|---|
| 6429 | |
|---|
| 6430 | |
|---|
| 6431 | |
|---|
| 6432 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6433 | |
|---|
| 6434 | |
|---|
| 6435 | |
|---|
| 6436 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6437 | |
|---|
| 6438 | |
|---|
| 6439 | |
|---|
| 6440 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6441 | |
|---|
| 6442 | |
|---|
| 6443 | |
|---|
| 6444 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 6445 | <br> |
|---|
| 6446 | |
|---|
| 6447 | |
|---|
| 6448 | |
|---|
| 6449 | <b>_level</b></p> |
|---|
| 6450 | |
|---|
| 6451 | |
|---|
| 6452 | |
|---|
| 6453 | </td> |
|---|
| 6454 | |
|---|
| 6455 | |
|---|
| 6456 | |
|---|
| 6457 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6458 | |
|---|
| 6459 | |
|---|
| 6460 | |
|---|
| 6461 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6462 | |
|---|
| 6463 | |
|---|
| 6464 | |
|---|
| 6465 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
|---|
| 6466 | <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 6467 | |
|---|
| 6468 | |
|---|
| 6469 | |
|---|
| 6470 | |
|---|
| 6471 | </p> |
|---|
| 6472 | |
|---|
| 6473 | |
|---|
| 6474 | |
|---|
| 6475 | </td> |
|---|
| 6476 | |
|---|
| 6477 | |
|---|
| 6478 | |
|---|
| 6479 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6480 | |
|---|
| 6481 | |
|---|
| 6482 | |
|---|
| 6483 | <p>Height level from which on the temperature gradient defined by |
|---|
| 6484 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6485 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 6486 | |
|---|
| 6487 | |
|---|
| 6488 | |
|---|
| 6489 | |
|---|
| 6490 | |
|---|
| 6491 | |
|---|
| 6492 | |
|---|
| 6493 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 6494 | default values result in a neutral stratification regardless of the |
|---|
| 6495 | values of <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6496 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). |
|---|
| 6497 | For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 6498 | |
|---|
| 6499 | |
|---|
| 6500 | |
|---|
| 6501 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 6502 | |
|---|
| 6503 | |
|---|
| 6504 | |
|---|
| 6505 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order. |
|---|
| 6506 | </td> |
|---|
| 6507 | |
|---|
| 6508 | |
|---|
| 6509 | |
|---|
| 6510 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6511 | |
|---|
| 6512 | |
|---|
| 6513 | |
|---|
| 6514 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6515 | |
|---|
| 6516 | |
|---|
| 6517 | |
|---|
| 6518 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6519 | |
|---|
| 6520 | |
|---|
| 6521 | |
|---|
| 6522 | <p><a name="q_surface"></a><b>q_surface</b></p> |
|---|
| 6523 | |
|---|
| 6524 | |
|---|
| 6525 | |
|---|
| 6526 | |
|---|
| 6527 | </td> |
|---|
| 6528 | |
|---|
| 6529 | |
|---|
| 6530 | |
|---|
| 6531 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6532 | |
|---|
| 6533 | |
|---|
| 6534 | |
|---|
| 6535 | |
|---|
| 6536 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6537 | |
|---|
| 6538 | |
|---|
| 6539 | |
|---|
| 6540 | |
|---|
| 6541 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6542 | |
|---|
| 6543 | |
|---|
| 6544 | |
|---|
| 6545 | <p>Surface |
|---|
| 6546 | specific humidity / total water content (kg/kg). </p> |
|---|
| 6547 | |
|---|
| 6548 | |
|---|
| 6549 | |
|---|
| 6550 | |
|---|
| 6551 | |
|---|
| 6552 | |
|---|
| 6553 | |
|---|
| 6554 | <p>This |
|---|
| 6555 | parameter assigns the value of the specific humidity q at |
|---|
| 6556 | the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
|---|
| 6557 | humidity |
|---|
| 6558 | profile is constructed with <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6559 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 6560 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
|---|
| 6561 | |
|---|
| 6562 | |
|---|
| 6563 | |
|---|
| 6564 | |
|---|
| 6565 | </td> |
|---|
| 6566 | |
|---|
| 6567 | |
|---|
| 6568 | |
|---|
| 6569 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6570 | |
|---|
| 6571 | |
|---|
| 6572 | |
|---|
| 6573 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6574 | |
|---|
| 6575 | |
|---|
| 6576 | |
|---|
| 6577 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6578 | |
|---|
| 6579 | |
|---|
| 6580 | |
|---|
| 6581 | <p><a name="q_surface_initial_change"></a><b>q_surface_initial</b> |
|---|
| 6582 | <br> |
|---|
| 6583 | |
|---|
| 6584 | |
|---|
| 6585 | |
|---|
| 6586 | <b>_change</b></p> |
|---|
| 6587 | |
|---|
| 6588 | |
|---|
| 6589 | |
|---|
| 6590 | </td> |
|---|
| 6591 | |
|---|
| 6592 | |
|---|
| 6593 | |
|---|
| 6594 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
|---|
| 6595 | |
|---|
| 6596 | |
|---|
| 6597 | |
|---|
| 6598 | </td> |
|---|
| 6599 | |
|---|
| 6600 | |
|---|
| 6601 | |
|---|
| 6602 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6603 | |
|---|
| 6604 | |
|---|
| 6605 | |
|---|
| 6606 | |
|---|
| 6607 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6608 | |
|---|
| 6609 | |
|---|
| 6610 | |
|---|
| 6611 | <p>Change in |
|---|
| 6612 | surface specific humidity / total water content to |
|---|
| 6613 | be made at the beginning |
|---|
| 6614 | of the 3d run (kg/kg). </p> |
|---|
| 6615 | |
|---|
| 6616 | |
|---|
| 6617 | |
|---|
| 6618 | |
|---|
| 6619 | |
|---|
| 6620 | |
|---|
| 6621 | |
|---|
| 6622 | <p>If <b>q_surface_initial_change</b><i> |
|---|
| 6623 | </i>is set to a |
|---|
| 6624 | non-zero value the |
|---|
| 6625 | near surface latent heat flux (water flux) is not allowed to be given |
|---|
| 6626 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 6627 | |
|---|
| 6628 | |
|---|
| 6629 | |
|---|
| 6630 | |
|---|
| 6631 | </td> |
|---|
| 6632 | |
|---|
| 6633 | |
|---|
| 6634 | |
|---|
| 6635 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6636 | |
|---|
| 6637 | |
|---|
| 6638 | |
|---|
| 6639 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6640 | |
|---|
| 6641 | |
|---|
| 6642 | |
|---|
| 6643 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6644 | |
|---|
| 6645 | |
|---|
| 6646 | |
|---|
| 6647 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
|---|
| 6648 | |
|---|
| 6649 | |
|---|
| 6650 | |
|---|
| 6651 | |
|---|
| 6652 | </td> |
|---|
| 6653 | |
|---|
| 6654 | |
|---|
| 6655 | |
|---|
| 6656 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6657 | |
|---|
| 6658 | |
|---|
| 6659 | |
|---|
| 6660 | |
|---|
| 6661 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6662 | |
|---|
| 6663 | |
|---|
| 6664 | |
|---|
| 6665 | |
|---|
| 6666 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6667 | |
|---|
| 6668 | |
|---|
| 6669 | |
|---|
| 6670 | <p>Humidity |
|---|
| 6671 | gradient(s) of the initial humidity profile |
|---|
| 6672 | (in 1/100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 6673 | |
|---|
| 6674 | |
|---|
| 6675 | |
|---|
| 6676 | |
|---|
| 6677 | |
|---|
| 6678 | |
|---|
| 6679 | |
|---|
| 6680 | <p>This humidity gradient |
|---|
| 6681 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 6682 | level defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6683 | (precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) > |
|---|
| 6684 | q_vertical_gradient_level, |
|---|
| 6685 | q_init(k) is set: q_init(k) = q_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>q_vertical_gradient</b>) |
|---|
| 6686 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
|---|
| 6687 | by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 6688 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 6689 | if <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 6690 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be asigned. The surface humidity is |
|---|
| 6691 | assigned |
|---|
| 6692 | via <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. </p> |
|---|
| 6693 | |
|---|
| 6694 | |
|---|
| 6695 | |
|---|
| 6696 | |
|---|
| 6697 | |
|---|
| 6698 | |
|---|
| 6699 | |
|---|
| 6700 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 6701 | |
|---|
| 6702 | |
|---|
| 6703 | |
|---|
| 6704 | |
|---|
| 6705 | |
|---|
| 6706 | |
|---|
| 6707 | |
|---|
| 6708 | <ul> |
|---|
| 6709 | |
|---|
| 6710 | |
|---|
| 6711 | |
|---|
| 6712 | |
|---|
| 6713 | |
|---|
| 6714 | |
|---|
| 6715 | |
|---|
| 6716 | <p><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 6717 | = <i>0.001</i>, <i>0.0005</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 6718 | |
|---|
| 6719 | |
|---|
| 6720 | |
|---|
| 6721 | |
|---|
| 6722 | <b>q_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 6723 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 6724 | |
|---|
| 6725 | |
|---|
| 6726 | |
|---|
| 6727 | |
|---|
| 6728 | |
|---|
| 6729 | |
|---|
| 6730 | |
|---|
| 6731 | </ul> |
|---|
| 6732 | |
|---|
| 6733 | |
|---|
| 6734 | |
|---|
| 6735 | |
|---|
| 6736 | That defines the humidity to be constant with height up to z = |
|---|
| 6737 | 500.0 |
|---|
| 6738 | m with a |
|---|
| 6739 | value given by <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 6740 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the humidity gradient is |
|---|
| 6741 | 0.001 / 100 |
|---|
| 6742 | m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
|---|
| 6743 | 0.0005 / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels |
|---|
| 6744 | correspond with uv |
|---|
| 6745 | levels). </td> |
|---|
| 6746 | |
|---|
| 6747 | |
|---|
| 6748 | |
|---|
| 6749 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6750 | |
|---|
| 6751 | |
|---|
| 6752 | |
|---|
| 6753 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6754 | |
|---|
| 6755 | |
|---|
| 6756 | |
|---|
| 6757 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6758 | |
|---|
| 6759 | |
|---|
| 6760 | |
|---|
| 6761 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 6762 | <br> |
|---|
| 6763 | |
|---|
| 6764 | |
|---|
| 6765 | |
|---|
| 6766 | <b>_level</b></p> |
|---|
| 6767 | |
|---|
| 6768 | |
|---|
| 6769 | |
|---|
| 6770 | </td> |
|---|
| 6771 | |
|---|
| 6772 | |
|---|
| 6773 | |
|---|
| 6774 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6775 | |
|---|
| 6776 | |
|---|
| 6777 | |
|---|
| 6778 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6779 | |
|---|
| 6780 | |
|---|
| 6781 | |
|---|
| 6782 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
|---|
| 6783 | <i>0.0</i></p> |
|---|
| 6784 | |
|---|
| 6785 | |
|---|
| 6786 | |
|---|
| 6787 | </td> |
|---|
| 6788 | |
|---|
| 6789 | |
|---|
| 6790 | |
|---|
| 6791 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6792 | |
|---|
| 6793 | |
|---|
| 6794 | |
|---|
| 6795 | <p>Height level from |
|---|
| 6796 | which on the humidity gradient defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6797 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 6798 | |
|---|
| 6799 | |
|---|
| 6800 | |
|---|
| 6801 | |
|---|
| 6802 | |
|---|
| 6803 | |
|---|
| 6804 | |
|---|
| 6805 | <p>The height levels |
|---|
| 6806 | are to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 6807 | default values result in a humidity constant with height regardless of |
|---|
| 6808 | the values of <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6809 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For |
|---|
| 6810 | the piecewise construction of humidity profiles see <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 6811 | |
|---|
| 6812 | |
|---|
| 6813 | |
|---|
| 6814 | |
|---|
| 6815 | </td> |
|---|
| 6816 | |
|---|
| 6817 | |
|---|
| 6818 | |
|---|
| 6819 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6820 | |
|---|
| 6821 | |
|---|
| 6822 | |
|---|
| 6823 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6824 | |
|---|
| 6825 | |
|---|
| 6826 | |
|---|
| 6827 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6828 | |
|---|
| 6829 | |
|---|
| 6830 | |
|---|
| 6831 | <p><a name="radiation"></a><b>radiation</b></p> |
|---|
| 6832 | |
|---|
| 6833 | |
|---|
| 6834 | |
|---|
| 6835 | |
|---|
| 6836 | </td> |
|---|
| 6837 | |
|---|
| 6838 | |
|---|
| 6839 | |
|---|
| 6840 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 6841 | |
|---|
| 6842 | |
|---|
| 6843 | |
|---|
| 6844 | |
|---|
| 6845 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 6846 | |
|---|
| 6847 | |
|---|
| 6848 | |
|---|
| 6849 | |
|---|
| 6850 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6851 | |
|---|
| 6852 | |
|---|
| 6853 | |
|---|
| 6854 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 6855 | switch on longwave radiation cooling at |
|---|
| 6856 | cloud-tops. </p> |
|---|
| 6857 | |
|---|
| 6858 | |
|---|
| 6859 | |
|---|
| 6860 | |
|---|
| 6861 | |
|---|
| 6862 | |
|---|
| 6863 | |
|---|
| 6864 | <p>Long-wave radiation |
|---|
| 6865 | processes are parameterized by the |
|---|
| 6866 | effective emissivity, which considers only the absorption and emission |
|---|
| 6867 | of long-wave radiation at cloud droplets. The radiation scheme can be |
|---|
| 6868 | used only with <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 6869 | = .TRUE. .</p> |
|---|
| 6870 | |
|---|
| 6871 | |
|---|
| 6872 | |
|---|
| 6873 | </td> |
|---|
| 6874 | |
|---|
| 6875 | |
|---|
| 6876 | |
|---|
| 6877 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6878 | |
|---|
| 6879 | |
|---|
| 6880 | |
|---|
| 6881 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6882 | |
|---|
| 6883 | |
|---|
| 6884 | |
|---|
| 6885 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6886 | |
|---|
| 6887 | |
|---|
| 6888 | |
|---|
| 6889 | <p><a name="random_generator"></a><b>random_generator</b></p> |
|---|
| 6890 | |
|---|
| 6891 | |
|---|
| 6892 | |
|---|
| 6893 | |
|---|
| 6894 | </td> |
|---|
| 6895 | |
|---|
| 6896 | |
|---|
| 6897 | |
|---|
| 6898 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 6899 | |
|---|
| 6900 | |
|---|
| 6901 | |
|---|
| 6902 | |
|---|
| 6903 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6904 | |
|---|
| 6905 | |
|---|
| 6906 | |
|---|
| 6907 | <p><i>'numerical</i><br> |
|---|
| 6908 | |
|---|
| 6909 | |
|---|
| 6910 | |
|---|
| 6911 | |
|---|
| 6912 | <i>recipes'</i></p> |
|---|
| 6913 | |
|---|
| 6914 | |
|---|
| 6915 | |
|---|
| 6916 | </td> |
|---|
| 6917 | |
|---|
| 6918 | |
|---|
| 6919 | |
|---|
| 6920 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6921 | |
|---|
| 6922 | |
|---|
| 6923 | |
|---|
| 6924 | <p>Random number |
|---|
| 6925 | generator to be used for creating uniformly |
|---|
| 6926 | distributed random numbers. <br> |
|---|
| 6927 | |
|---|
| 6928 | |
|---|
| 6929 | |
|---|
| 6930 | </p> |
|---|
| 6931 | |
|---|
| 6932 | |
|---|
| 6933 | |
|---|
| 6934 | |
|---|
| 6935 | |
|---|
| 6936 | |
|---|
| 6937 | |
|---|
| 6938 | <p>It is |
|---|
| 6939 | used if random perturbations are to be imposed on the |
|---|
| 6940 | velocity field or on the surface heat flux field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a> |
|---|
| 6941 | and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a>). |
|---|
| 6942 | By default, the "Numerical Recipes" random number generator is used. |
|---|
| 6943 | This one provides exactly the same order of random numbers on all |
|---|
| 6944 | different machines and should be used in particular for comparison runs.<br> |
|---|
| 6945 | |
|---|
| 6946 | |
|---|
| 6947 | |
|---|
| 6948 | |
|---|
| 6949 | <br> |
|---|
| 6950 | |
|---|
| 6951 | |
|---|
| 6952 | |
|---|
| 6953 | |
|---|
| 6954 | Besides, a system-specific generator is available ( <b>random_generator</b> |
|---|
| 6955 | = <i>'system-specific')</i> which should particularly be |
|---|
| 6956 | used for runs |
|---|
| 6957 | on vector parallel computers (NEC), because the default generator |
|---|
| 6958 | cannot be vectorized and therefore significantly drops down the code |
|---|
| 6959 | performance on these machines.<br> |
|---|
| 6960 | |
|---|
| 6961 | |
|---|
| 6962 | |
|---|
| 6963 | </p> |
|---|
| 6964 | |
|---|
| 6965 | |
|---|
| 6966 | |
|---|
| 6967 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 6968 | |
|---|
| 6969 | |
|---|
| 6970 | |
|---|
| 6971 | |
|---|
| 6972 | Results from two otherwise identical model runs will not be comparable |
|---|
| 6973 | one-to-one if they used different random number generators.</td> |
|---|
| 6974 | |
|---|
| 6975 | |
|---|
| 6976 | |
|---|
| 6977 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6978 | |
|---|
| 6979 | |
|---|
| 6980 | |
|---|
| 6981 | |
|---|
| 6982 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6983 | |
|---|
| 6984 | |
|---|
| 6985 | |
|---|
| 6986 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6987 | |
|---|
| 6988 | |
|---|
| 6989 | |
|---|
| 6990 | <p><a name="random_heatflux"></a><b>random_heatflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 6991 | |
|---|
| 6992 | |
|---|
| 6993 | |
|---|
| 6994 | |
|---|
| 6995 | </td> |
|---|
| 6996 | |
|---|
| 6997 | |
|---|
| 6998 | |
|---|
| 6999 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 7000 | |
|---|
| 7001 | |
|---|
| 7002 | |
|---|
| 7003 | |
|---|
| 7004 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 7005 | |
|---|
| 7006 | |
|---|
| 7007 | |
|---|
| 7008 | |
|---|
| 7009 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7010 | |
|---|
| 7011 | |
|---|
| 7012 | |
|---|
| 7013 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 7014 | impose random perturbations on the internal two-dimensional near |
|---|
| 7015 | surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. |
|---|
| 7016 | <br> |
|---|
| 7017 | |
|---|
| 7018 | |
|---|
| 7019 | |
|---|
| 7020 | </p> |
|---|
| 7021 | |
|---|
| 7022 | |
|---|
| 7023 | |
|---|
| 7024 | If a near surface heat flux is used as bottom |
|---|
| 7025 | boundary |
|---|
| 7026 | condition (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), |
|---|
| 7027 | it is by default assumed to be horizontally homogeneous. Random |
|---|
| 7028 | perturbations can be imposed on the internal |
|---|
| 7029 | two-dimensional heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> by assigning <b>random_heatflux</b> |
|---|
| 7030 | = <i>.T.</i>. The disturbed heat flux field is calculated |
|---|
| 7031 | by |
|---|
| 7032 | multiplying the |
|---|
| 7033 | values at each mesh point with a normally distributed random number |
|---|
| 7034 | with a mean value and standard deviation of 1. This is repeated after |
|---|
| 7035 | every timestep.<br> |
|---|
| 7036 | |
|---|
| 7037 | |
|---|
| 7038 | |
|---|
| 7039 | <br> |
|---|
| 7040 | |
|---|
| 7041 | |
|---|
| 7042 | |
|---|
| 7043 | |
|---|
| 7044 | In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>, assigning |
|---|
| 7045 | <b>random_heatflux</b> |
|---|
| 7046 | = <i>.T.</i> imposes random perturbations on the |
|---|
| 7047 | combined heat |
|---|
| 7048 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 7049 | composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 7050 | at the bottom surface and <a href="#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux(0)</a> |
|---|
| 7051 | at the topography top face.</td> |
|---|
| 7052 | |
|---|
| 7053 | |
|---|
| 7054 | |
|---|
| 7055 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7056 | |
|---|
| 7057 | |
|---|
| 7058 | |
|---|
| 7059 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7060 | |
|---|
| 7061 | |
|---|
| 7062 | |
|---|
| 7063 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7064 | |
|---|
| 7065 | |
|---|
| 7066 | |
|---|
| 7067 | <p><a name="rif_max"></a><b>rif_max</b></p> |
|---|
| 7068 | |
|---|
| 7069 | |
|---|
| 7070 | |
|---|
| 7071 | |
|---|
| 7072 | </td> |
|---|
| 7073 | |
|---|
| 7074 | |
|---|
| 7075 | |
|---|
| 7076 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 7077 | |
|---|
| 7078 | |
|---|
| 7079 | |
|---|
| 7080 | |
|---|
| 7081 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 7082 | |
|---|
| 7083 | |
|---|
| 7084 | |
|---|
| 7085 | |
|---|
| 7086 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7087 | |
|---|
| 7088 | |
|---|
| 7089 | |
|---|
| 7090 | <p>Upper limit of |
|---|
| 7091 | the flux-Richardson number. </p> |
|---|
| 7092 | |
|---|
| 7093 | |
|---|
| 7094 | |
|---|
| 7095 | |
|---|
| 7096 | |
|---|
| 7097 | |
|---|
| 7098 | |
|---|
| 7099 | <p>With the |
|---|
| 7100 | Prandtl layer switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
|---|
| 7101 | flux-Richardson numbers (rif) are calculated for z=z<sub>p</sub> |
|---|
| 7102 | (k=1) |
|---|
| 7103 | in the 3d-model (in the 1d model for all heights). Their values in |
|---|
| 7104 | particular determine the |
|---|
| 7105 | values of the friction velocity (1d- and 3d-model) and the values of |
|---|
| 7106 | the eddy diffusivity (1d-model). With small wind velocities at the |
|---|
| 7107 | Prandtl layer top or small vertical wind shears in the 1d-model, rif |
|---|
| 7108 | can take up unrealistic large values. They are limited by an upper (<span style="font-weight: bold;">rif_max</span>) and lower |
|---|
| 7109 | limit (see <a href="#rif_min">rif_min</a>) |
|---|
| 7110 | for the flux-Richardson number. The condition <b>rif_max</b> |
|---|
| 7111 | > <b>rif_min</b> |
|---|
| 7112 | must be met.</p> |
|---|
| 7113 | |
|---|
| 7114 | |
|---|
| 7115 | |
|---|
| 7116 | </td> |
|---|
| 7117 | |
|---|
| 7118 | |
|---|
| 7119 | |
|---|
| 7120 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7121 | |
|---|
| 7122 | |
|---|
| 7123 | |
|---|
| 7124 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7125 | |
|---|
| 7126 | |
|---|
| 7127 | |
|---|
| 7128 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7129 | |
|---|
| 7130 | |
|---|
| 7131 | |
|---|
| 7132 | <p><a name="rif_min"></a><b>rif_min</b></p> |
|---|
| 7133 | |
|---|
| 7134 | |
|---|
| 7135 | |
|---|
| 7136 | |
|---|
| 7137 | </td> |
|---|
| 7138 | |
|---|
| 7139 | |
|---|
| 7140 | |
|---|
| 7141 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 7142 | |
|---|
| 7143 | |
|---|
| 7144 | |
|---|
| 7145 | |
|---|
| 7146 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>- 5.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 7147 | |
|---|
| 7148 | |
|---|
| 7149 | |
|---|
| 7150 | |
|---|
| 7151 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7152 | |
|---|
| 7153 | |
|---|
| 7154 | |
|---|
| 7155 | <p>Lower limit of |
|---|
| 7156 | the flux-Richardson number. </p> |
|---|
| 7157 | |
|---|
| 7158 | |
|---|
| 7159 | |
|---|
| 7160 | |
|---|
| 7161 | |
|---|
| 7162 | |
|---|
| 7163 | |
|---|
| 7164 | <p>For further |
|---|
| 7165 | explanations see <a href="#rif_max">rif_max</a>. |
|---|
| 7166 | The condition <b>rif_max</b> > <b>rif_min </b>must |
|---|
| 7167 | be met.</p> |
|---|
| 7168 | |
|---|
| 7169 | |
|---|
| 7170 | |
|---|
| 7171 | </td> |
|---|
| 7172 | |
|---|
| 7173 | |
|---|
| 7174 | |
|---|
| 7175 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7176 | |
|---|
| 7177 | |
|---|
| 7178 | |
|---|
| 7179 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7180 | |
|---|
| 7181 | |
|---|
| 7182 | |
|---|
| 7183 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7184 | |
|---|
| 7185 | |
|---|
| 7186 | |
|---|
| 7187 | <p><a name="roughness_length"></a><b>roughness_length</b></p> |
|---|
| 7188 | |
|---|
| 7189 | |
|---|
| 7190 | |
|---|
| 7191 | |
|---|
| 7192 | </td> |
|---|
| 7193 | |
|---|
| 7194 | |
|---|
| 7195 | |
|---|
| 7196 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 7197 | |
|---|
| 7198 | |
|---|
| 7199 | |
|---|
| 7200 | |
|---|
| 7201 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.1</i></td> |
|---|
| 7202 | |
|---|
| 7203 | |
|---|
| 7204 | |
|---|
| 7205 | |
|---|
| 7206 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7207 | |
|---|
| 7208 | |
|---|
| 7209 | |
|---|
| 7210 | <p>Roughness |
|---|
| 7211 | length (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 7212 | |
|---|
| 7213 | |
|---|
| 7214 | |
|---|
| 7215 | |
|---|
| 7216 | |
|---|
| 7217 | |
|---|
| 7218 | |
|---|
| 7219 | <p>This parameter is |
|---|
| 7220 | effective only in case that a Prandtl layer |
|---|
| 7221 | is switched |
|---|
| 7222 | on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 7223 | |
|---|
| 7224 | |
|---|
| 7225 | |
|---|
| 7226 | |
|---|
| 7227 | </td> |
|---|
| 7228 | |
|---|
| 7229 | |
|---|
| 7230 | |
|---|
| 7231 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7232 | |
|---|
| 7233 | |
|---|
| 7234 | |
|---|
| 7235 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7236 | |
|---|
| 7237 | |
|---|
| 7238 | |
|---|
| 7239 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_surface</span></td> |
|---|
| 7240 | |
|---|
| 7241 | |
|---|
| 7242 | |
|---|
| 7243 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 7244 | |
|---|
| 7245 | |
|---|
| 7246 | |
|---|
| 7247 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 7248 | |
|---|
| 7249 | |
|---|
| 7250 | |
|---|
| 7251 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7252 | |
|---|
| 7253 | |
|---|
| 7254 | |
|---|
| 7255 | <p>Surface salinity (in psu). </p> |
|---|
| 7256 | |
|---|
| 7257 | |
|---|
| 7258 | |
|---|
| 7259 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
|---|
| 7260 | |
|---|
| 7261 | |
|---|
| 7262 | |
|---|
| 7263 | <p>This |
|---|
| 7264 | parameter assigns the value of the salinity <span style="font-weight: bold;">sa</span> at the sea surface (k=nzt)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
|---|
| 7265 | the |
|---|
| 7266 | initial vertical salinity profile is constructed from the surface down to the bottom of the model (k=0) by using <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 7267 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 7268 | </a>.</p> |
|---|
| 7269 | |
|---|
| 7270 | |
|---|
| 7271 | |
|---|
| 7272 | </td> |
|---|
| 7273 | |
|---|
| 7274 | |
|---|
| 7275 | |
|---|
| 7276 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7277 | |
|---|
| 7278 | |
|---|
| 7279 | |
|---|
| 7280 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7281 | |
|---|
| 7282 | |
|---|
| 7283 | |
|---|
| 7284 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient</span></td> |
|---|
| 7285 | |
|---|
| 7286 | |
|---|
| 7287 | |
|---|
| 7288 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td> |
|---|
| 7289 | |
|---|
| 7290 | |
|---|
| 7291 | |
|---|
| 7292 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 7293 | |
|---|
| 7294 | |
|---|
| 7295 | |
|---|
| 7296 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7297 | |
|---|
| 7298 | |
|---|
| 7299 | |
|---|
| 7300 | <p>Salinity gradient(s) of the initial salinity profile (in psu |
|---|
| 7301 | / 100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 7302 | |
|---|
| 7303 | |
|---|
| 7304 | |
|---|
| 7305 | |
|---|
| 7306 | |
|---|
| 7307 | |
|---|
| 7308 | |
|---|
| 7309 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 7310 | |
|---|
| 7311 | |
|---|
| 7312 | |
|---|
| 7313 | |
|---|
| 7314 | |
|---|
| 7315 | |
|---|
| 7316 | <p>This salinity gradient |
|---|
| 7317 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 7318 | level defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 7319 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) < |
|---|
| 7320 | sa_vertical_gradient_level, sa_init(k) is set: sa_init(k) = |
|---|
| 7321 | sa_init(k+1) - dzu(k+1) * <b>sa_vertical_gradient</b>) down to the bottom boundary or down to the next height level defined |
|---|
| 7322 | by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 7323 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 7324 | if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 7325 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface salinity at k=nzt is |
|---|
| 7326 | assigned via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 7327 | </p> |
|---|
| 7328 | |
|---|
| 7329 | |
|---|
| 7330 | |
|---|
| 7331 | |
|---|
| 7332 | |
|---|
| 7333 | |
|---|
| 7334 | |
|---|
| 7335 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 7336 | |
|---|
| 7337 | |
|---|
| 7338 | |
|---|
| 7339 | |
|---|
| 7340 | |
|---|
| 7341 | |
|---|
| 7342 | |
|---|
| 7343 | <ul> |
|---|
| 7344 | |
|---|
| 7345 | |
|---|
| 7346 | |
|---|
| 7347 | |
|---|
| 7348 | |
|---|
| 7349 | |
|---|
| 7350 | <p><b>sa_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 7351 | = <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 7352 | |
|---|
| 7353 | |
|---|
| 7354 | |
|---|
| 7355 | |
|---|
| 7356 | <b>sa_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>-500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 7357 | -<i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 7358 | |
|---|
| 7359 | |
|---|
| 7360 | |
|---|
| 7361 | |
|---|
| 7362 | |
|---|
| 7363 | |
|---|
| 7364 | </ul> |
|---|
| 7365 | |
|---|
| 7366 | |
|---|
| 7367 | |
|---|
| 7368 | |
|---|
| 7369 | |
|---|
| 7370 | |
|---|
| 7371 | |
|---|
| 7372 | <p>That |
|---|
| 7373 | defines the salinity to be constant down to z = -500.0 m with a salinity given by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 7374 | For -500.0 m < z <= -1000.0 m the salinity gradient is |
|---|
| 7375 | 1.0 psu / |
|---|
| 7376 | 100 m and for z < -1000.0 m down to the bottom boundary it is |
|---|
| 7377 | 0.5 psu / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
|---|
| 7378 | with uv levels).</p> |
|---|
| 7379 | |
|---|
| 7380 | |
|---|
| 7381 | |
|---|
| 7382 | </td> |
|---|
| 7383 | |
|---|
| 7384 | |
|---|
| 7385 | |
|---|
| 7386 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7387 | |
|---|
| 7388 | |
|---|
| 7389 | |
|---|
| 7390 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7391 | |
|---|
| 7392 | |
|---|
| 7393 | |
|---|
| 7394 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient_level</span></td> |
|---|
| 7395 | |
|---|
| 7396 | |
|---|
| 7397 | |
|---|
| 7398 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td> |
|---|
| 7399 | |
|---|
| 7400 | |
|---|
| 7401 | |
|---|
| 7402 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 7403 | |
|---|
| 7404 | |
|---|
| 7405 | |
|---|
| 7406 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7407 | |
|---|
| 7408 | |
|---|
| 7409 | |
|---|
| 7410 | <p>Height level from which on the salinity gradient defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 7411 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 7412 | |
|---|
| 7413 | |
|---|
| 7414 | |
|---|
| 7415 | |
|---|
| 7416 | |
|---|
| 7417 | |
|---|
| 7418 | |
|---|
| 7419 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 7420 | |
|---|
| 7421 | |
|---|
| 7422 | |
|---|
| 7423 | |
|---|
| 7424 | |
|---|
| 7425 | |
|---|
| 7426 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in descending order. The |
|---|
| 7427 | default values result in a constant salinity profile regardless of the |
|---|
| 7428 | values of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 7429 | (unless the bottom boundary of the model is lower than -100000.0 m). |
|---|
| 7430 | For the piecewise construction of salinity profiles see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 7431 | |
|---|
| 7432 | |
|---|
| 7433 | |
|---|
| 7434 | </td> |
|---|
| 7435 | |
|---|
| 7436 | |
|---|
| 7437 | |
|---|
| 7438 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7439 | |
|---|
| 7440 | |
|---|
| 7441 | |
|---|
| 7442 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7443 | |
|---|
| 7444 | |
|---|
| 7445 | |
|---|
| 7446 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7447 | |
|---|
| 7448 | |
|---|
| 7449 | |
|---|
| 7450 | <p><a name="scalar_advec"></a><b>scalar_advec</b></p> |
|---|
| 7451 | |
|---|
| 7452 | |
|---|
| 7453 | |
|---|
| 7454 | |
|---|
| 7455 | </td> |
|---|
| 7456 | |
|---|
| 7457 | |
|---|
| 7458 | |
|---|
| 7459 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
|---|
| 7460 | |
|---|
| 7461 | |
|---|
| 7462 | |
|---|
| 7463 | |
|---|
| 7464 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
|---|
| 7465 | |
|---|
| 7466 | |
|---|
| 7467 | |
|---|
| 7468 | |
|---|
| 7469 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7470 | |
|---|
| 7471 | |
|---|
| 7472 | |
|---|
| 7473 | <p>Advection |
|---|
| 7474 | scheme to be used for the scalar quantities. </p> |
|---|
| 7475 | |
|---|
| 7476 | |
|---|
| 7477 | |
|---|
| 7478 | |
|---|
| 7479 | |
|---|
| 7480 | |
|---|
| 7481 | |
|---|
| 7482 | <p>The |
|---|
| 7483 | user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
|---|
| 7484 | |
|---|
| 7485 | |
|---|
| 7486 | |
|---|
| 7487 | </p> |
|---|
| 7488 | |
|---|
| 7489 | |
|---|
| 7490 | |
|---|
| 7491 | |
|---|
| 7492 | |
|---|
| 7493 | |
|---|
| 7494 | |
|---|
| 7495 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7496 | |
|---|
| 7497 | |
|---|
| 7498 | |
|---|
| 7499 | |
|---|
| 7500 | </p> |
|---|
| 7501 | |
|---|
| 7502 | |
|---|
| 7503 | |
|---|
| 7504 | |
|---|
| 7505 | |
|---|
| 7506 | |
|---|
| 7507 | |
|---|
| 7508 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
|---|
| 7509 | Piascek and |
|---|
| 7510 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
|---|
| 7511 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
|---|
| 7512 | |
|---|
| 7513 | |
|---|
| 7514 | |
|---|
| 7515 | |
|---|
| 7516 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 7517 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
|---|
| 7518 | the |
|---|
| 7519 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
|---|
| 7520 | to an upstream-scheme. <br> |
|---|
| 7521 | |
|---|
| 7522 | |
|---|
| 7523 | |
|---|
| 7524 | </div> |
|---|
| 7525 | |
|---|
| 7526 | |
|---|
| 7527 | |
|---|
| 7528 | <br> |
|---|
| 7529 | |
|---|
| 7530 | |
|---|
| 7531 | |
|---|
| 7532 | |
|---|
| 7533 | |
|---|
| 7534 | |
|---|
| 7535 | |
|---|
| 7536 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'bc-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7537 | |
|---|
| 7538 | |
|---|
| 7539 | |
|---|
| 7540 | |
|---|
| 7541 | </p> |
|---|
| 7542 | |
|---|
| 7543 | |
|---|
| 7544 | |
|---|
| 7545 | |
|---|
| 7546 | |
|---|
| 7547 | |
|---|
| 7548 | |
|---|
| 7549 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The Bott |
|---|
| 7550 | scheme modified by |
|---|
| 7551 | Chlond (1994, Mon. |
|---|
| 7552 | Wea. Rev., 122, 111-125). This is a conservative monotonous scheme with |
|---|
| 7553 | very small numerical diffusion and therefore very good conservation of |
|---|
| 7554 | scalar flow features. The scheme however, is computationally very |
|---|
| 7555 | expensive both because it is expensive itself and because it does (so |
|---|
| 7556 | far) not allow specific code optimizations (e.g. cache optimization). |
|---|
| 7557 | Choice of this |
|---|
| 7558 | scheme forces the Euler timestep scheme to be used for the scalar |
|---|
| 7559 | quantities. For output of horizontally averaged |
|---|
| 7560 | profiles of the resolved / total heat flux, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a> |
|---|
| 7561 | = <i>'w*pt*BC'</i> / <i>'wptBC' </i>should |
|---|
| 7562 | be used, instead of the |
|---|
| 7563 | standard profiles (<span style="font-style: italic;">'w*pt*'</span> |
|---|
| 7564 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'wpt'</span>) |
|---|
| 7565 | because these are |
|---|
| 7566 | too inaccurate with this scheme. However, for subdomain analysis (see <a href="#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>) |
|---|
| 7567 | exactly the reverse holds: here <i>'w*pt*BC'</i> and <i>'wptBC'</i> |
|---|
| 7568 | show very large errors and should not be used.<br> |
|---|
| 7569 | |
|---|
| 7570 | |
|---|
| 7571 | |
|---|
| 7572 | <br> |
|---|
| 7573 | |
|---|
| 7574 | |
|---|
| 7575 | |
|---|
| 7576 | |
|---|
| 7577 | This scheme is not allowed for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
|---|
| 7578 | (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 7579 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 7580 | |
|---|
| 7581 | |
|---|
| 7582 | |
|---|
| 7583 | <br> |
|---|
| 7584 | |
|---|
| 7585 | |
|---|
| 7586 | |
|---|
| 7587 | |
|---|
| 7588 | </div> |
|---|
| 7589 | |
|---|
| 7590 | |
|---|
| 7591 | |
|---|
| 7592 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7593 | |
|---|
| 7594 | |
|---|
| 7595 | |
|---|
| 7596 | |
|---|
| 7597 | |
|---|
| 7598 | |
|---|
| 7599 | |
|---|
| 7600 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The upstream-spline-scheme |
|---|
| 7601 | is used |
|---|
| 7602 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
|---|
| 7603 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the Piascek |
|---|
| 7604 | Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
|---|
| 7605 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flux |
|---|
| 7606 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
|---|
| 7607 | expensive. In |
|---|
| 7608 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 7609 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
|---|
| 7610 | i.e. the |
|---|
| 7611 | timestep accuracy is only first order. For this reason the advection of |
|---|
| 7612 | momentum (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>) |
|---|
| 7613 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
|---|
| 7614 | because otherwise the momentum would |
|---|
| 7615 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
|---|
| 7616 | scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 7617 | |
|---|
| 7618 | |
|---|
| 7619 | |
|---|
| 7620 | |
|---|
| 7621 | |
|---|
| 7622 | |
|---|
| 7623 | |
|---|
| 7624 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
|---|
| 7625 | the cubic splines used tend |
|---|
| 7626 | to overshoot under |
|---|
| 7627 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
|---|
| 7628 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
|---|
| 7629 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
|---|
| 7630 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
|---|
| 7631 | This is always neccesssary for runs with stable stratification, |
|---|
| 7632 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model |
|---|
| 7633 | domain. </p> |
|---|
| 7634 | |
|---|
| 7635 | |
|---|
| 7636 | |
|---|
| 7637 | |
|---|
| 7638 | |
|---|
| 7639 | |
|---|
| 7640 | |
|---|
| 7641 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">With |
|---|
| 7642 | stable stratification the |
|---|
| 7643 | upstream-upline scheme also produces gravity waves with large |
|---|
| 7644 | amplitude, which must be |
|---|
| 7645 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 7646 | |
|---|
| 7647 | |
|---|
| 7648 | |
|---|
| 7649 | |
|---|
| 7650 | </p> |
|---|
| 7651 | |
|---|
| 7652 | |
|---|
| 7653 | |
|---|
| 7654 | |
|---|
| 7655 | |
|---|
| 7656 | |
|---|
| 7657 | |
|---|
| 7658 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
|---|
| 7659 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
|---|
| 7660 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 7661 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
|---|
| 7662 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
|---|
| 7663 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
|---|
| 7664 | very long execution times! This scheme is also not allowed for |
|---|
| 7665 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 7666 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 7667 | |
|---|
| 7668 | |
|---|
| 7669 | |
|---|
| 7670 | <br> |
|---|
| 7671 | |
|---|
| 7672 | |
|---|
| 7673 | |
|---|
| 7674 | A |
|---|
| 7675 | differing advection scheme can be choosed for the subgrid-scale TKE |
|---|
| 7676 | using parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 7677 | |
|---|
| 7678 | |
|---|
| 7679 | |
|---|
| 7680 | |
|---|
| 7681 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7682 | |
|---|
| 7683 | |
|---|
| 7684 | |
|---|
| 7685 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7686 | |
|---|
| 7687 | |
|---|
| 7688 | |
|---|
| 7689 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7690 | |
|---|
| 7691 | |
|---|
| 7692 | |
|---|
| 7693 | <p><a name="statistic_regions"></a><b>statistic_regions</b></p> |
|---|
| 7694 | |
|---|
| 7695 | |
|---|
| 7696 | |
|---|
| 7697 | |
|---|
| 7698 | </td> |
|---|
| 7699 | |
|---|
| 7700 | |
|---|
| 7701 | |
|---|
| 7702 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 7703 | |
|---|
| 7704 | |
|---|
| 7705 | |
|---|
| 7706 | |
|---|
| 7707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0</i></td> |
|---|
| 7708 | |
|---|
| 7709 | |
|---|
| 7710 | |
|---|
| 7711 | |
|---|
| 7712 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7713 | |
|---|
| 7714 | |
|---|
| 7715 | |
|---|
| 7716 | <p>Number of |
|---|
| 7717 | additional user-defined subdomains for which |
|---|
| 7718 | statistical analysis |
|---|
| 7719 | and corresponding output (profiles, time series) shall be |
|---|
| 7720 | made. </p> |
|---|
| 7721 | |
|---|
| 7722 | |
|---|
| 7723 | |
|---|
| 7724 | |
|---|
| 7725 | |
|---|
| 7726 | |
|---|
| 7727 | |
|---|
| 7728 | <p>By default, vertical profiles and |
|---|
| 7729 | other statistical quantities |
|---|
| 7730 | are calculated as horizontal and/or volume average of the total model |
|---|
| 7731 | domain. Beyond that, these calculations can also be carried out for |
|---|
| 7732 | subdomains which can be defined using the field <a href="chapter_3.5.3.html">rmask </a>within the |
|---|
| 7733 | user-defined software |
|---|
| 7734 | (see <a href="chapter_3.5.3.html">chapter |
|---|
| 7735 | 3.5.3</a>). The number of these subdomains is determined with the |
|---|
| 7736 | parameter <b>statistic_regions</b>. Maximum 9 additional |
|---|
| 7737 | subdomains |
|---|
| 7738 | are allowed. The parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#region">region</a> |
|---|
| 7739 | can be used to assigned names (identifier) to these subdomains which |
|---|
| 7740 | are then used in the headers |
|---|
| 7741 | of the output files and plots.</p> |
|---|
| 7742 | |
|---|
| 7743 | |
|---|
| 7744 | |
|---|
| 7745 | |
|---|
| 7746 | |
|---|
| 7747 | |
|---|
| 7748 | <p>If the default NetCDF |
|---|
| 7749 | output format is selected (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>), |
|---|
| 7750 | data for the total domain and all defined subdomains are output to the |
|---|
| 7751 | same file(s) (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>, |
|---|
| 7752 | <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>). |
|---|
| 7753 | In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">statistic_regions</span> |
|---|
| 7754 | > <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span>, |
|---|
| 7755 | data on the file for the different domains can be distinguished by a |
|---|
| 7756 | suffix which is appended to the quantity names. Suffix 0 means data for |
|---|
| 7757 | the total domain, suffix 1 means data for subdomain 1, etc.</p> |
|---|
| 7758 | |
|---|
| 7759 | |
|---|
| 7760 | |
|---|
| 7761 | |
|---|
| 7762 | |
|---|
| 7763 | |
|---|
| 7764 | <p>In |
|---|
| 7765 | case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> |
|---|
| 7766 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>, |
|---|
| 7767 | individual local files for profiles (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>) are |
|---|
| 7768 | created for each subdomain. The individual subdomain files differ by |
|---|
| 7769 | their name (the |
|---|
| 7770 | number of the respective subdomain is attached, e.g. |
|---|
| 7771 | PLOT1D_DATA_1). In this case the name of the file with the data of |
|---|
| 7772 | the total domain is PLOT1D_DATA_0. If no subdomains |
|---|
| 7773 | are declared (<b>statistic_regions</b> = <i>0</i>), |
|---|
| 7774 | the name |
|---|
| 7775 | PLOT1D_DATA is used (this must be considered in the |
|---|
| 7776 | respective file connection statements of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> configuration |
|---|
| 7777 | file).</p> |
|---|
| 7778 | |
|---|
| 7779 | |
|---|
| 7780 | |
|---|
| 7781 | </td> |
|---|
| 7782 | |
|---|
| 7783 | |
|---|
| 7784 | |
|---|
| 7785 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7786 | |
|---|
| 7787 | |
|---|
| 7788 | |
|---|
| 7789 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7790 | |
|---|
| 7791 | |
|---|
| 7792 | |
|---|
| 7793 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7794 | |
|---|
| 7795 | |
|---|
| 7796 | |
|---|
| 7797 | <p><a name="surface_heatflux"></a><b>surface_heatflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 7798 | |
|---|
| 7799 | |
|---|
| 7800 | |
|---|
| 7801 | |
|---|
| 7802 | </td> |
|---|
| 7803 | |
|---|
| 7804 | |
|---|
| 7805 | |
|---|
| 7806 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 7807 | |
|---|
| 7808 | |
|---|
| 7809 | |
|---|
| 7810 | |
|---|
| 7811 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
|---|
| 7812 | |
|---|
| 7813 | |
|---|
| 7814 | |
|---|
| 7815 | |
|---|
| 7816 | heatflux<br> |
|---|
| 7817 | |
|---|
| 7818 | |
|---|
| 7819 | |
|---|
| 7820 | </span></td> |
|---|
| 7821 | |
|---|
| 7822 | |
|---|
| 7823 | |
|---|
| 7824 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7825 | |
|---|
| 7826 | |
|---|
| 7827 | |
|---|
| 7828 | <p>Kinematic sensible |
|---|
| 7829 | heat flux at the bottom surface (in K m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 7830 | |
|---|
| 7831 | |
|---|
| 7832 | |
|---|
| 7833 | |
|---|
| 7834 | |
|---|
| 7835 | |
|---|
| 7836 | |
|---|
| 7837 | <p>If |
|---|
| 7838 | a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal two-dimensional |
|---|
| 7839 | surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 7840 | is initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">surface_heatflux</span> as |
|---|
| 7841 | bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
|---|
| 7842 | temperature equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 7843 | condition must be used for the potential temperature (see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>), |
|---|
| 7844 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 7845 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
|---|
| 7846 | changes of the |
|---|
| 7847 | surface temperature (see <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>) |
|---|
| 7848 | are not allowed. The parameter <a href="#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 7849 | can be used to impose random perturbations on the (homogeneous) surface |
|---|
| 7850 | heat |
|---|
| 7851 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. </p> |
|---|
| 7852 | |
|---|
| 7853 | |
|---|
| 7854 | |
|---|
| 7855 | |
|---|
| 7856 | |
|---|
| 7857 | |
|---|
| 7858 | |
|---|
| 7859 | <p> |
|---|
| 7860 | In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>, the |
|---|
| 7861 | internal two-dimensional surface heat |
|---|
| 7862 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 7863 | is initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">surface_heatflux</span> |
|---|
| 7864 | at the bottom surface and <a href="#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux(0)</a> |
|---|
| 7865 | at the topography top face. The parameter<a href="#random_heatflux"> random_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 7866 | can be used to impose random perturbations on this combined surface |
|---|
| 7867 | heat |
|---|
| 7868 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. |
|---|
| 7869 | </p> |
|---|
| 7870 | |
|---|
| 7871 | |
|---|
| 7872 | |
|---|
| 7873 | |
|---|
| 7874 | |
|---|
| 7875 | |
|---|
| 7876 | |
|---|
| 7877 | <p>If no surface heat flux is assigned, <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> is calculated |
|---|
| 7878 | at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * theta<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 7879 | (of course only with <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a> |
|---|
| 7880 | switched on). Here, u<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 7881 | and theta<sub>*</sub> are calculated from the Prandtl law |
|---|
| 7882 | assuming |
|---|
| 7883 | logarithmic wind and temperature |
|---|
| 7884 | profiles between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>) |
|---|
| 7885 | must be used as bottom boundary condition for the potential temperature.</p> |
|---|
| 7886 | |
|---|
| 7887 | |
|---|
| 7888 | |
|---|
| 7889 | |
|---|
| 7890 | |
|---|
| 7891 | |
|---|
| 7892 | <p>See |
|---|
| 7893 | also <a href="#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 7894 | |
|---|
| 7895 | |
|---|
| 7896 | |
|---|
| 7897 | |
|---|
| 7898 | </td> |
|---|
| 7899 | |
|---|
| 7900 | |
|---|
| 7901 | |
|---|
| 7902 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7903 | |
|---|
| 7904 | |
|---|
| 7905 | |
|---|
| 7906 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7907 | |
|---|
| 7908 | |
|---|
| 7909 | |
|---|
| 7910 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7911 | |
|---|
| 7912 | |
|---|
| 7913 | |
|---|
| 7914 | <p><a name="surface_pressure"></a><b>surface_pressure</b></p> |
|---|
| 7915 | |
|---|
| 7916 | |
|---|
| 7917 | |
|---|
| 7918 | |
|---|
| 7919 | </td> |
|---|
| 7920 | |
|---|
| 7921 | |
|---|
| 7922 | |
|---|
| 7923 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 7924 | |
|---|
| 7925 | |
|---|
| 7926 | |
|---|
| 7927 | |
|---|
| 7928 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1013.25</i></td> |
|---|
| 7929 | |
|---|
| 7930 | |
|---|
| 7931 | |
|---|
| 7932 | |
|---|
| 7933 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7934 | |
|---|
| 7935 | |
|---|
| 7936 | |
|---|
| 7937 | <p>Atmospheric |
|---|
| 7938 | pressure at the surface (in hPa). </p> |
|---|
| 7939 | |
|---|
| 7940 | |
|---|
| 7941 | |
|---|
| 7942 | |
|---|
| 7943 | Starting from this surface value, the vertical pressure |
|---|
| 7944 | profile is calculated once at the beginning of the run assuming a |
|---|
| 7945 | neutrally stratified |
|---|
| 7946 | atmosphere. This is needed for |
|---|
| 7947 | converting between the liquid water potential temperature and the |
|---|
| 7948 | potential temperature (see <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>).</td> |
|---|
| 7949 | |
|---|
| 7950 | |
|---|
| 7951 | |
|---|
| 7952 | |
|---|
| 7953 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7954 | |
|---|
| 7955 | |
|---|
| 7956 | |
|---|
| 7957 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7958 | |
|---|
| 7959 | |
|---|
| 7960 | |
|---|
| 7961 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7962 | |
|---|
| 7963 | |
|---|
| 7964 | |
|---|
| 7965 | <p><a name="surface_scalarflux"></a><b>surface_scalarflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 7966 | |
|---|
| 7967 | |
|---|
| 7968 | |
|---|
| 7969 | |
|---|
| 7970 | </td> |
|---|
| 7971 | |
|---|
| 7972 | |
|---|
| 7973 | |
|---|
| 7974 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 7975 | |
|---|
| 7976 | |
|---|
| 7977 | |
|---|
| 7978 | |
|---|
| 7979 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 7980 | |
|---|
| 7981 | |
|---|
| 7982 | |
|---|
| 7983 | |
|---|
| 7984 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7985 | |
|---|
| 7986 | |
|---|
| 7987 | |
|---|
| 7988 | <p>Scalar flux at |
|---|
| 7989 | the surface (in kg/(m<sup>2</sup> s)). </p> |
|---|
| 7990 | |
|---|
| 7991 | |
|---|
| 7992 | |
|---|
| 7993 | |
|---|
| 7994 | |
|---|
| 7995 | |
|---|
| 7996 | |
|---|
| 7997 | <p>If a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the |
|---|
| 7998 | respective scalar flux value is used |
|---|
| 7999 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the scalar |
|---|
| 8000 | concentration equation. This additionally requires that a |
|---|
| 8001 | Neumann |
|---|
| 8002 | condition must be used for the scalar concentration (see <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>), |
|---|
| 8003 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 8004 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
|---|
| 8005 | changes of the |
|---|
| 8006 | surface scalar concentration (see <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>) |
|---|
| 8007 | are not allowed. <br> |
|---|
| 8008 | |
|---|
| 8009 | |
|---|
| 8010 | |
|---|
| 8011 | </p> |
|---|
| 8012 | |
|---|
| 8013 | |
|---|
| 8014 | |
|---|
| 8015 | |
|---|
| 8016 | |
|---|
| 8017 | |
|---|
| 8018 | |
|---|
| 8019 | <p>If no surface scalar |
|---|
| 8020 | flux is assigned (<b>surface_scalarflux</b> |
|---|
| 8021 | = <i>0.0</i>), |
|---|
| 8022 | it is calculated at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * s<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 8023 | (of course only with Prandtl layer switched on). Here, s<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 8024 | is calculated from the Prandtl law assuming a logarithmic scalar |
|---|
| 8025 | concentration |
|---|
| 8026 | profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>) |
|---|
| 8027 | must be used as bottom boundary condition for the scalar concentration.</p> |
|---|
| 8028 | |
|---|
| 8029 | |
|---|
| 8030 | |
|---|
| 8031 | |
|---|
| 8032 | </td> |
|---|
| 8033 | |
|---|
| 8034 | |
|---|
| 8035 | |
|---|
| 8036 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8037 | |
|---|
| 8038 | |
|---|
| 8039 | |
|---|
| 8040 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8041 | |
|---|
| 8042 | |
|---|
| 8043 | |
|---|
| 8044 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8045 | |
|---|
| 8046 | |
|---|
| 8047 | |
|---|
| 8048 | <p><a name="surface_waterflux"></a><b>surface_waterflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 8049 | |
|---|
| 8050 | |
|---|
| 8051 | |
|---|
| 8052 | |
|---|
| 8053 | </td> |
|---|
| 8054 | |
|---|
| 8055 | |
|---|
| 8056 | |
|---|
| 8057 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8058 | |
|---|
| 8059 | |
|---|
| 8060 | |
|---|
| 8061 | |
|---|
| 8062 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 8063 | |
|---|
| 8064 | |
|---|
| 8065 | |
|---|
| 8066 | |
|---|
| 8067 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8068 | |
|---|
| 8069 | |
|---|
| 8070 | |
|---|
| 8071 | <p>Kinematic |
|---|
| 8072 | water flux near the surface (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 8073 | |
|---|
| 8074 | |
|---|
| 8075 | |
|---|
| 8076 | |
|---|
| 8077 | |
|---|
| 8078 | |
|---|
| 8079 | |
|---|
| 8080 | <p>If |
|---|
| 8081 | a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the |
|---|
| 8082 | respective water flux value is used |
|---|
| 8083 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
|---|
| 8084 | humidity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 8085 | condition must be used for the specific humidity / total water content |
|---|
| 8086 | (see <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>), |
|---|
| 8087 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 8088 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
|---|
| 8089 | changes of the |
|---|
| 8090 | surface humidity (see <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>) |
|---|
| 8091 | are not allowed.<br> |
|---|
| 8092 | |
|---|
| 8093 | |
|---|
| 8094 | |
|---|
| 8095 | </p> |
|---|
| 8096 | |
|---|
| 8097 | |
|---|
| 8098 | |
|---|
| 8099 | |
|---|
| 8100 | |
|---|
| 8101 | |
|---|
| 8102 | |
|---|
| 8103 | <p>If no surface water |
|---|
| 8104 | flux is assigned (<b>surface_waterflux</b> |
|---|
| 8105 | = <i>0.0</i>), |
|---|
| 8106 | it is calculated at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * q<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 8107 | (of course only with Prandtl layer switched on). Here, q<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 8108 | is calculated from the Prandtl law assuming a logarithmic temperature |
|---|
| 8109 | profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>) |
|---|
| 8110 | must be used as the bottom boundary condition for the humidity.</p> |
|---|
| 8111 | |
|---|
| 8112 | |
|---|
| 8113 | |
|---|
| 8114 | |
|---|
| 8115 | </td> |
|---|
| 8116 | |
|---|
| 8117 | |
|---|
| 8118 | |
|---|
| 8119 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8120 | |
|---|
| 8121 | |
|---|
| 8122 | |
|---|
| 8123 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8124 | |
|---|
| 8125 | |
|---|
| 8126 | |
|---|
| 8127 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8128 | |
|---|
| 8129 | |
|---|
| 8130 | |
|---|
| 8131 | <p><a name="s_surface"></a><b>s_surface</b></p> |
|---|
| 8132 | |
|---|
| 8133 | |
|---|
| 8134 | |
|---|
| 8135 | |
|---|
| 8136 | </td> |
|---|
| 8137 | |
|---|
| 8138 | |
|---|
| 8139 | |
|---|
| 8140 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8141 | |
|---|
| 8142 | |
|---|
| 8143 | |
|---|
| 8144 | |
|---|
| 8145 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 8146 | |
|---|
| 8147 | |
|---|
| 8148 | |
|---|
| 8149 | |
|---|
| 8150 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8151 | |
|---|
| 8152 | |
|---|
| 8153 | |
|---|
| 8154 | <p>Surface value |
|---|
| 8155 | of the passive scalar (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>). <br> |
|---|
| 8156 | |
|---|
| 8157 | |
|---|
| 8158 | |
|---|
| 8159 | |
|---|
| 8160 | </p> |
|---|
| 8161 | |
|---|
| 8162 | |
|---|
| 8163 | |
|---|
| 8164 | |
|---|
| 8165 | This parameter assigns the value of the passive scalar s at |
|---|
| 8166 | the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, the |
|---|
| 8167 | initial vertical scalar concentration profile is constructed with<a href="#s_vertical_gradient"> |
|---|
| 8168 | s_vertical_gradient</a> and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 8169 | |
|---|
| 8170 | |
|---|
| 8171 | |
|---|
| 8172 | |
|---|
| 8173 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8174 | |
|---|
| 8175 | |
|---|
| 8176 | |
|---|
| 8177 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8178 | |
|---|
| 8179 | |
|---|
| 8180 | |
|---|
| 8181 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8182 | |
|---|
| 8183 | |
|---|
| 8184 | |
|---|
| 8185 | <p><a name="s_surface_initial_change"></a><b>s_surface_initial</b> |
|---|
| 8186 | <br> |
|---|
| 8187 | |
|---|
| 8188 | |
|---|
| 8189 | |
|---|
| 8190 | <b>_change</b></p> |
|---|
| 8191 | |
|---|
| 8192 | |
|---|
| 8193 | |
|---|
| 8194 | </td> |
|---|
| 8195 | |
|---|
| 8196 | |
|---|
| 8197 | |
|---|
| 8198 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8199 | |
|---|
| 8200 | |
|---|
| 8201 | |
|---|
| 8202 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 8203 | |
|---|
| 8204 | |
|---|
| 8205 | |
|---|
| 8206 | |
|---|
| 8207 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8208 | |
|---|
| 8209 | |
|---|
| 8210 | |
|---|
| 8211 | <p>Change in |
|---|
| 8212 | surface scalar concentration to be made at the |
|---|
| 8213 | beginning of the 3d run (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>). </p> |
|---|
| 8214 | |
|---|
| 8215 | |
|---|
| 8216 | |
|---|
| 8217 | |
|---|
| 8218 | |
|---|
| 8219 | |
|---|
| 8220 | |
|---|
| 8221 | <p>If <b>s_surface_initial_change</b><i> </i>is |
|---|
| 8222 | set to a |
|---|
| 8223 | non-zero |
|---|
| 8224 | value, the near surface scalar flux is not allowed to be given |
|---|
| 8225 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 8226 | |
|---|
| 8227 | |
|---|
| 8228 | |
|---|
| 8229 | |
|---|
| 8230 | </td> |
|---|
| 8231 | |
|---|
| 8232 | |
|---|
| 8233 | |
|---|
| 8234 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8235 | |
|---|
| 8236 | |
|---|
| 8237 | |
|---|
| 8238 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8239 | |
|---|
| 8240 | |
|---|
| 8241 | |
|---|
| 8242 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8243 | |
|---|
| 8244 | |
|---|
| 8245 | |
|---|
| 8246 | <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
|---|
| 8247 | |
|---|
| 8248 | |
|---|
| 8249 | |
|---|
| 8250 | |
|---|
| 8251 | </td> |
|---|
| 8252 | |
|---|
| 8253 | |
|---|
| 8254 | |
|---|
| 8255 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 8256 | |
|---|
| 8257 | |
|---|
| 8258 | |
|---|
| 8259 | |
|---|
| 8260 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0</i><i>.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 8261 | |
|---|
| 8262 | |
|---|
| 8263 | |
|---|
| 8264 | |
|---|
| 8265 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8266 | |
|---|
| 8267 | |
|---|
| 8268 | |
|---|
| 8269 | <p>Scalar |
|---|
| 8270 | concentration gradient(s) of the initial scalar |
|---|
| 8271 | concentration profile (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ |
|---|
| 8272 | 100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 8273 | |
|---|
| 8274 | |
|---|
| 8275 | |
|---|
| 8276 | |
|---|
| 8277 | |
|---|
| 8278 | |
|---|
| 8279 | |
|---|
| 8280 | <p>The scalar gradient holds |
|---|
| 8281 | starting from the height level |
|---|
| 8282 | defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 8283 | </a>(precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) > |
|---|
| 8284 | s_vertical_gradient_level, s_init(k) is set: s_init(k) = s_init(k-1) + |
|---|
| 8285 | dzu(k) * <b>s_vertical_gradient</b>) up to the top |
|---|
| 8286 | boundary or up to |
|---|
| 8287 | the next height level defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 8288 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 8289 | if <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 8290 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface scalar value is |
|---|
| 8291 | assigned |
|---|
| 8292 | via <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 8293 | |
|---|
| 8294 | |
|---|
| 8295 | |
|---|
| 8296 | </p> |
|---|
| 8297 | |
|---|
| 8298 | |
|---|
| 8299 | |
|---|
| 8300 | |
|---|
| 8301 | |
|---|
| 8302 | |
|---|
| 8303 | |
|---|
| 8304 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 8305 | |
|---|
| 8306 | |
|---|
| 8307 | |
|---|
| 8308 | |
|---|
| 8309 | |
|---|
| 8310 | |
|---|
| 8311 | |
|---|
| 8312 | <ul> |
|---|
| 8313 | |
|---|
| 8314 | |
|---|
| 8315 | |
|---|
| 8316 | |
|---|
| 8317 | |
|---|
| 8318 | |
|---|
| 8319 | |
|---|
| 8320 | <p><b>s_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 8321 | = <i>0.1</i>, <i>0.05</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 8322 | |
|---|
| 8323 | |
|---|
| 8324 | |
|---|
| 8325 | |
|---|
| 8326 | <b>s_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 8327 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 8328 | |
|---|
| 8329 | |
|---|
| 8330 | |
|---|
| 8331 | |
|---|
| 8332 | |
|---|
| 8333 | |
|---|
| 8334 | |
|---|
| 8335 | </ul> |
|---|
| 8336 | |
|---|
| 8337 | |
|---|
| 8338 | |
|---|
| 8339 | |
|---|
| 8340 | |
|---|
| 8341 | |
|---|
| 8342 | |
|---|
| 8343 | <p>That |
|---|
| 8344 | defines the scalar concentration to be constant with |
|---|
| 8345 | height up to z = 500.0 m with a value given by <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 8346 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the scalar gradient is 0.1 |
|---|
| 8347 | kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ 100 m and for z > 1000.0 m up to |
|---|
| 8348 | the top |
|---|
| 8349 | boundary it is 0.05 kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ 100 m (it is |
|---|
| 8350 | assumed that the |
|---|
| 8351 | assigned height levels |
|---|
| 8352 | correspond with uv |
|---|
| 8353 | levels).</p> |
|---|
| 8354 | |
|---|
| 8355 | |
|---|
| 8356 | |
|---|
| 8357 | </td> |
|---|
| 8358 | |
|---|
| 8359 | |
|---|
| 8360 | |
|---|
| 8361 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8362 | |
|---|
| 8363 | |
|---|
| 8364 | |
|---|
| 8365 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8366 | |
|---|
| 8367 | |
|---|
| 8368 | |
|---|
| 8369 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8370 | |
|---|
| 8371 | |
|---|
| 8372 | |
|---|
| 8373 | <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient_</b> |
|---|
| 8374 | <br> |
|---|
| 8375 | |
|---|
| 8376 | |
|---|
| 8377 | |
|---|
| 8378 | <b>level</b></p> |
|---|
| 8379 | |
|---|
| 8380 | |
|---|
| 8381 | |
|---|
| 8382 | </td> |
|---|
| 8383 | |
|---|
| 8384 | |
|---|
| 8385 | |
|---|
| 8386 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 8387 | |
|---|
| 8388 | |
|---|
| 8389 | |
|---|
| 8390 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8391 | |
|---|
| 8392 | |
|---|
| 8393 | |
|---|
| 8394 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
|---|
| 8395 | <i>0.0</i></p> |
|---|
| 8396 | |
|---|
| 8397 | |
|---|
| 8398 | |
|---|
| 8399 | </td> |
|---|
| 8400 | |
|---|
| 8401 | |
|---|
| 8402 | |
|---|
| 8403 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8404 | |
|---|
| 8405 | |
|---|
| 8406 | |
|---|
| 8407 | <p>Height level from |
|---|
| 8408 | which on the scalar gradient defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 8409 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 8410 | |
|---|
| 8411 | |
|---|
| 8412 | |
|---|
| 8413 | |
|---|
| 8414 | |
|---|
| 8415 | |
|---|
| 8416 | |
|---|
| 8417 | <p>The height levels |
|---|
| 8418 | are to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 8419 | default values result in a scalar concentration constant with height |
|---|
| 8420 | regardless of the values of <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 8421 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For |
|---|
| 8422 | the |
|---|
| 8423 | piecewise construction of scalar concentration profiles see <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8424 | |
|---|
| 8425 | |
|---|
| 8426 | |
|---|
| 8427 | |
|---|
| 8428 | </td> |
|---|
| 8429 | |
|---|
| 8430 | |
|---|
| 8431 | |
|---|
| 8432 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8433 | |
|---|
| 8434 | |
|---|
| 8435 | |
|---|
| 8436 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8437 | |
|---|
| 8438 | |
|---|
| 8439 | |
|---|
| 8440 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8441 | |
|---|
| 8442 | |
|---|
| 8443 | |
|---|
| 8444 | <p><a name="timestep_scheme"></a><b>timestep_scheme</b></p> |
|---|
| 8445 | |
|---|
| 8446 | |
|---|
| 8447 | |
|---|
| 8448 | |
|---|
| 8449 | </td> |
|---|
| 8450 | |
|---|
| 8451 | |
|---|
| 8452 | |
|---|
| 8453 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 8454 | |
|---|
| 8455 | |
|---|
| 8456 | |
|---|
| 8457 | |
|---|
| 8458 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8459 | |
|---|
| 8460 | |
|---|
| 8461 | |
|---|
| 8462 | <p><i>'runge</i><br> |
|---|
| 8463 | |
|---|
| 8464 | |
|---|
| 8465 | |
|---|
| 8466 | |
|---|
| 8467 | <i>kutta-3'</i></p> |
|---|
| 8468 | |
|---|
| 8469 | |
|---|
| 8470 | |
|---|
| 8471 | </td> |
|---|
| 8472 | |
|---|
| 8473 | |
|---|
| 8474 | |
|---|
| 8475 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8476 | |
|---|
| 8477 | |
|---|
| 8478 | |
|---|
| 8479 | <p>Time step scheme to |
|---|
| 8480 | be used for the integration of the prognostic |
|---|
| 8481 | variables. </p> |
|---|
| 8482 | |
|---|
| 8483 | |
|---|
| 8484 | |
|---|
| 8485 | |
|---|
| 8486 | |
|---|
| 8487 | |
|---|
| 8488 | |
|---|
| 8489 | <p>The user can choose between |
|---|
| 8490 | the following schemes:<br> |
|---|
| 8491 | |
|---|
| 8492 | |
|---|
| 8493 | |
|---|
| 8494 | </p> |
|---|
| 8495 | |
|---|
| 8496 | |
|---|
| 8497 | |
|---|
| 8498 | |
|---|
| 8499 | |
|---|
| 8500 | |
|---|
| 8501 | |
|---|
| 8502 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-3'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8503 | |
|---|
| 8504 | |
|---|
| 8505 | |
|---|
| 8506 | |
|---|
| 8507 | </p> |
|---|
| 8508 | |
|---|
| 8509 | |
|---|
| 8510 | |
|---|
| 8511 | |
|---|
| 8512 | |
|---|
| 8513 | |
|---|
| 8514 | |
|---|
| 8515 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Third order |
|---|
| 8516 | Runge-Kutta scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 8517 | |
|---|
| 8518 | |
|---|
| 8519 | |
|---|
| 8520 | |
|---|
| 8521 | This scheme requires the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8522 | = <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8523 | = '<i>pw-scheme'</i>. Please refer to the <a href="../tec/numerik.heiko/zeitschrittverfahren.pdf">documentation |
|---|
| 8524 | on PALM's time integration schemes (28p., in German)</a> |
|---|
| 8525 | fur further details.<br> |
|---|
| 8526 | |
|---|
| 8527 | |
|---|
| 8528 | |
|---|
| 8529 | </div> |
|---|
| 8530 | |
|---|
| 8531 | |
|---|
| 8532 | |
|---|
| 8533 | |
|---|
| 8534 | |
|---|
| 8535 | |
|---|
| 8536 | |
|---|
| 8537 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-2'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8538 | |
|---|
| 8539 | |
|---|
| 8540 | |
|---|
| 8541 | |
|---|
| 8542 | </p> |
|---|
| 8543 | |
|---|
| 8544 | |
|---|
| 8545 | |
|---|
| 8546 | |
|---|
| 8547 | |
|---|
| 8548 | |
|---|
| 8549 | |
|---|
| 8550 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second order |
|---|
| 8551 | Runge-Kutta scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 8552 | |
|---|
| 8553 | |
|---|
| 8554 | |
|---|
| 8555 | |
|---|
| 8556 | For special features see <b>timestep_scheme</b> = '<i>runge-kutta-3'</i>.<br> |
|---|
| 8557 | |
|---|
| 8558 | |
|---|
| 8559 | |
|---|
| 8560 | |
|---|
| 8561 | </div> |
|---|
| 8562 | |
|---|
| 8563 | |
|---|
| 8564 | |
|---|
| 8565 | <br> |
|---|
| 8566 | |
|---|
| 8567 | |
|---|
| 8568 | |
|---|
| 8569 | <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8570 | |
|---|
| 8571 | |
|---|
| 8572 | |
|---|
| 8573 | |
|---|
| 8574 | <br> |
|---|
| 8575 | |
|---|
| 8576 | |
|---|
| 8577 | |
|---|
| 8578 | </span> |
|---|
| 8579 | |
|---|
| 8580 | |
|---|
| 8581 | |
|---|
| 8582 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second |
|---|
| 8583 | order leapfrog scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 8584 | |
|---|
| 8585 | |
|---|
| 8586 | |
|---|
| 8587 | |
|---|
| 8588 | Although this scheme requires a constant timestep (because it is |
|---|
| 8589 | centered in time), is even applied in case of changes in |
|---|
| 8590 | timestep. Therefore, only small |
|---|
| 8591 | changes of the timestep are allowed (see <a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
|---|
| 8592 | However, an Euler timestep is always used as the first timestep of an |
|---|
| 8593 | initiali run. When using the Bott-Chlond scheme for scalar advection |
|---|
| 8594 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
|---|
| 8595 | the prognostic equation for potential temperature will be calculated |
|---|
| 8596 | with the Euler scheme, although the leapfrog scheme is switched |
|---|
| 8597 | on. <br> |
|---|
| 8598 | |
|---|
| 8599 | |
|---|
| 8600 | |
|---|
| 8601 | |
|---|
| 8602 | The leapfrog scheme must not be used together with the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 8603 | scheme for calculating the advection (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8604 | = '<i>ups-scheme'</i> and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8605 | = '<i>ups-scheme'</i>).<br> |
|---|
| 8606 | |
|---|
| 8607 | |
|---|
| 8608 | |
|---|
| 8609 | </div> |
|---|
| 8610 | |
|---|
| 8611 | |
|---|
| 8612 | |
|---|
| 8613 | <br> |
|---|
| 8614 | |
|---|
| 8615 | |
|---|
| 8616 | |
|---|
| 8617 | |
|---|
| 8618 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">leapfrog+euler'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8619 | |
|---|
| 8620 | |
|---|
| 8621 | |
|---|
| 8622 | |
|---|
| 8623 | <br> |
|---|
| 8624 | |
|---|
| 8625 | |
|---|
| 8626 | |
|---|
| 8627 | </span> |
|---|
| 8628 | |
|---|
| 8629 | |
|---|
| 8630 | |
|---|
| 8631 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
|---|
| 8632 | leapfrog scheme is used, but |
|---|
| 8633 | after each change of a timestep an Euler timestep is carried out. |
|---|
| 8634 | Although this method is theoretically correct (because the pure |
|---|
| 8635 | leapfrog method does not allow timestep changes), the divergence of the |
|---|
| 8636 | velocity field (after applying the pressure solver) may be |
|---|
| 8637 | significantly larger than with <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 8638 | |
|---|
| 8639 | |
|---|
| 8640 | |
|---|
| 8641 | |
|---|
| 8642 | </div> |
|---|
| 8643 | |
|---|
| 8644 | |
|---|
| 8645 | |
|---|
| 8646 | <br> |
|---|
| 8647 | |
|---|
| 8648 | |
|---|
| 8649 | |
|---|
| 8650 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'euler'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8651 | |
|---|
| 8652 | |
|---|
| 8653 | |
|---|
| 8654 | |
|---|
| 8655 | <br> |
|---|
| 8656 | |
|---|
| 8657 | |
|---|
| 8658 | |
|---|
| 8659 | |
|---|
| 8660 | |
|---|
| 8661 | |
|---|
| 8662 | |
|---|
| 8663 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">First order |
|---|
| 8664 | Euler scheme. <br> |
|---|
| 8665 | |
|---|
| 8666 | |
|---|
| 8667 | |
|---|
| 8668 | |
|---|
| 8669 | The Euler scheme must be used when treating the advection terms with |
|---|
| 8670 | the upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8671 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span> |
|---|
| 8672 | and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8673 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>).</div> |
|---|
| 8674 | |
|---|
| 8675 | |
|---|
| 8676 | |
|---|
| 8677 | |
|---|
| 8678 | <br> |
|---|
| 8679 | |
|---|
| 8680 | |
|---|
| 8681 | |
|---|
| 8682 | <br> |
|---|
| 8683 | |
|---|
| 8684 | |
|---|
| 8685 | |
|---|
| 8686 | A differing timestep scheme can be choosed for the |
|---|
| 8687 | subgrid-scale TKE using parameter <a href="#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 8688 | |
|---|
| 8689 | |
|---|
| 8690 | |
|---|
| 8691 | |
|---|
| 8692 | </td> |
|---|
| 8693 | |
|---|
| 8694 | |
|---|
| 8695 | |
|---|
| 8696 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8697 | |
|---|
| 8698 | |
|---|
| 8699 | |
|---|
| 8700 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8701 | |
|---|
| 8702 | |
|---|
| 8703 | |
|---|
| 8704 | <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="topography"></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span></td> |
|---|
| 8705 | |
|---|
| 8706 | |
|---|
| 8707 | |
|---|
| 8708 | |
|---|
| 8709 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 40</td> |
|---|
| 8710 | |
|---|
| 8711 | |
|---|
| 8712 | |
|---|
| 8713 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span></td> |
|---|
| 8714 | |
|---|
| 8715 | |
|---|
| 8716 | |
|---|
| 8717 | <td> |
|---|
| 8718 | |
|---|
| 8719 | |
|---|
| 8720 | |
|---|
| 8721 | <p>Topography mode. </p> |
|---|
| 8722 | |
|---|
| 8723 | |
|---|
| 8724 | |
|---|
| 8725 | |
|---|
| 8726 | |
|---|
| 8727 | |
|---|
| 8728 | |
|---|
| 8729 | <p>The user can |
|---|
| 8730 | choose between the following modes:<br> |
|---|
| 8731 | |
|---|
| 8732 | |
|---|
| 8733 | |
|---|
| 8734 | </p> |
|---|
| 8735 | |
|---|
| 8736 | |
|---|
| 8737 | |
|---|
| 8738 | |
|---|
| 8739 | |
|---|
| 8740 | |
|---|
| 8741 | |
|---|
| 8742 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8743 | |
|---|
| 8744 | |
|---|
| 8745 | |
|---|
| 8746 | </p> |
|---|
| 8747 | |
|---|
| 8748 | |
|---|
| 8749 | |
|---|
| 8750 | |
|---|
| 8751 | |
|---|
| 8752 | |
|---|
| 8753 | |
|---|
| 8754 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flat surface.</div> |
|---|
| 8755 | |
|---|
| 8756 | |
|---|
| 8757 | |
|---|
| 8758 | |
|---|
| 8759 | |
|---|
| 8760 | |
|---|
| 8761 | |
|---|
| 8762 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8763 | |
|---|
| 8764 | |
|---|
| 8765 | |
|---|
| 8766 | |
|---|
| 8767 | </p> |
|---|
| 8768 | |
|---|
| 8769 | |
|---|
| 8770 | |
|---|
| 8771 | |
|---|
| 8772 | |
|---|
| 8773 | |
|---|
| 8774 | |
|---|
| 8775 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow |
|---|
| 8776 | around a single rectangular building mounted on a flat surface.<br> |
|---|
| 8777 | |
|---|
| 8778 | |
|---|
| 8779 | |
|---|
| 8780 | |
|---|
| 8781 | The building size and location can be specified with the parameters <a href="#building_height">building_height</a>, <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a>, <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a>, <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a> and <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a>.</div> |
|---|
| 8782 | |
|---|
| 8783 | |
|---|
| 8784 | |
|---|
| 8785 | |
|---|
| 8786 | <span style="font-style: italic;"></span> |
|---|
| 8787 | |
|---|
| 8788 | |
|---|
| 8789 | |
|---|
| 8790 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span><br> |
|---|
| 8791 | |
|---|
| 8792 | |
|---|
| 8793 | |
|---|
| 8794 | |
|---|
| 8795 | </p> |
|---|
| 8796 | |
|---|
| 8797 | |
|---|
| 8798 | |
|---|
| 8799 | |
|---|
| 8800 | |
|---|
| 8801 | |
|---|
| 8802 | |
|---|
| 8803 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow around |
|---|
| 8804 | arbitrary topography.<br> |
|---|
| 8805 | |
|---|
| 8806 | |
|---|
| 8807 | |
|---|
| 8808 | |
|---|
| 8809 | This mode requires the input file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#TOPOGRAPHY_DATA">TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</a><font color="#000000">. This file contains </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">the </font></font><font color="#000000">arbitrary topography </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">height |
|---|
| 8810 | information</font></font><font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 8811 | in m. These data <span style="font-style: italic;"></span>must |
|---|
| 8812 | exactly match the horizontal grid.</font> </div> |
|---|
| 8813 | |
|---|
| 8814 | |
|---|
| 8815 | |
|---|
| 8816 | <span style="font-style: italic;"><br> |
|---|
| 8817 | |
|---|
| 8818 | |
|---|
| 8819 | |
|---|
| 8820 | </span><font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 8821 | Alternatively, the user may add code to the user interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_grid">user_init_grid</a> |
|---|
| 8822 | to allow further topography modes.<br> |
|---|
| 8823 | |
|---|
| 8824 | |
|---|
| 8825 | |
|---|
| 8826 | <br> |
|---|
| 8827 | |
|---|
| 8828 | |
|---|
| 8829 | |
|---|
| 8830 | |
|---|
| 8831 | All non-flat <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> |
|---|
| 8832 | modes </font>require the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8833 | = <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 8834 | = '<i>pw-scheme'</i>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 8835 | = <i>'poisfft'</i> or '<i>poisfft_hybrid'</i>, |
|---|
| 8836 | <i> </i><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a> |
|---|
| 8837 | = 0.0, <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>, <a style="" href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a> |
|---|
| 8838 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics </a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, and <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a> = .T..<br> |
|---|
| 8839 | |
|---|
| 8840 | |
|---|
| 8841 | |
|---|
| 8842 | |
|---|
| 8843 | <font color="#000000"><br> |
|---|
| 8844 | |
|---|
| 8845 | |
|---|
| 8846 | |
|---|
| 8847 | |
|---|
| 8848 | Note that an inclined model domain requires the use of <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span> and a |
|---|
| 8849 | nonzero </font><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 8850 | |
|---|
| 8851 | |
|---|
| 8852 | |
|---|
| 8853 | |
|---|
| 8854 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8855 | |
|---|
| 8856 | |
|---|
| 8857 | |
|---|
| 8858 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8859 | |
|---|
| 8860 | |
|---|
| 8861 | |
|---|
| 8862 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_heatflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 8863 | |
|---|
| 8864 | |
|---|
| 8865 | |
|---|
| 8866 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8867 | |
|---|
| 8868 | |
|---|
| 8869 | |
|---|
| 8870 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
|---|
| 8871 | |
|---|
| 8872 | |
|---|
| 8873 | |
|---|
| 8874 | |
|---|
| 8875 | heatflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 8876 | |
|---|
| 8877 | |
|---|
| 8878 | |
|---|
| 8879 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8880 | |
|---|
| 8881 | |
|---|
| 8882 | |
|---|
| 8883 | <p>Kinematic |
|---|
| 8884 | sensible heat flux at the top boundary (in K m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 8885 | |
|---|
| 8886 | |
|---|
| 8887 | |
|---|
| 8888 | |
|---|
| 8889 | |
|---|
| 8890 | |
|---|
| 8891 | |
|---|
| 8892 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 8893 | two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">tswst</span> is |
|---|
| 8894 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span> as |
|---|
| 8895 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
|---|
| 8896 | temperature equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 8897 | condition must be used for the potential temperature (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_pt_t">bc_pt_t</a>), |
|---|
| 8898 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 8899 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 8900 | |
|---|
| 8901 | |
|---|
| 8902 | |
|---|
| 8903 | |
|---|
| 8904 | |
|---|
| 8905 | |
|---|
| 8906 | |
|---|
| 8907 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 8908 | |
|---|
| 8909 | |
|---|
| 8910 | |
|---|
| 8911 | The |
|---|
| 8912 | application of a top heat flux additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 8913 | initial parameter <a href="#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 8914 | = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 8915 | |
|---|
| 8916 | |
|---|
| 8917 | |
|---|
| 8918 | |
|---|
| 8919 | |
|---|
| 8920 | |
|---|
| 8921 | <p>No |
|---|
| 8922 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
|---|
| 8923 | |
|---|
| 8924 | |
|---|
| 8925 | |
|---|
| 8926 | |
|---|
| 8927 | |
|---|
| 8928 | |
|---|
| 8929 | <p>See |
|---|
| 8930 | also <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8931 | |
|---|
| 8932 | |
|---|
| 8933 | |
|---|
| 8934 | |
|---|
| 8935 | </td> |
|---|
| 8936 | |
|---|
| 8937 | |
|---|
| 8938 | |
|---|
| 8939 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8940 | |
|---|
| 8941 | |
|---|
| 8942 | |
|---|
| 8943 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8944 | |
|---|
| 8945 | |
|---|
| 8946 | |
|---|
| 8947 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_u"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span></td> |
|---|
| 8948 | |
|---|
| 8949 | |
|---|
| 8950 | |
|---|
| 8951 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8952 | |
|---|
| 8953 | |
|---|
| 8954 | |
|---|
| 8955 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 8956 | |
|---|
| 8957 | |
|---|
| 8958 | |
|---|
| 8959 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along x at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br> |
|---|
| 8960 | |
|---|
| 8961 | |
|---|
| 8962 | |
|---|
| 8963 | |
|---|
| 8964 | |
|---|
| 8965 | |
|---|
| 8966 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 8967 | two-dimensional u-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">uswst</span> is |
|---|
| 8968 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> as |
|---|
| 8969 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the u-momentum equation.</p> |
|---|
| 8970 | |
|---|
| 8971 | |
|---|
| 8972 | |
|---|
| 8973 | |
|---|
| 8974 | |
|---|
| 8975 | |
|---|
| 8976 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br> |
|---|
| 8977 | |
|---|
| 8978 | |
|---|
| 8979 | |
|---|
| 8980 | The |
|---|
| 8981 | application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 8982 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 8983 | = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> requires setting of <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> also.</p> |
|---|
| 8984 | |
|---|
| 8985 | |
|---|
| 8986 | |
|---|
| 8987 | |
|---|
| 8988 | |
|---|
| 8989 | |
|---|
| 8990 | <p>A Neumann |
|---|
| 8991 | condition should be used for the u velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>), |
|---|
| 8992 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 8993 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 8994 | |
|---|
| 8995 | |
|---|
| 8996 | |
|---|
| 8997 | |
|---|
| 8998 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> |
|---|
| 8999 | |
|---|
| 9000 | |
|---|
| 9001 | |
|---|
| 9002 | <p>No |
|---|
| 9003 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
|---|
| 9004 | |
|---|
| 9005 | |
|---|
| 9006 | |
|---|
| 9007 | |
|---|
| 9008 | |
|---|
| 9009 | |
|---|
| 9010 | <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g. top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p> |
|---|
| 9011 | |
|---|
| 9012 | |
|---|
| 9013 | |
|---|
| 9014 | </td> |
|---|
| 9015 | |
|---|
| 9016 | |
|---|
| 9017 | |
|---|
| 9018 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9019 | |
|---|
| 9020 | |
|---|
| 9021 | |
|---|
| 9022 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9023 | |
|---|
| 9024 | |
|---|
| 9025 | |
|---|
| 9026 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_v"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span></td> |
|---|
| 9027 | |
|---|
| 9028 | |
|---|
| 9029 | |
|---|
| 9030 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9031 | |
|---|
| 9032 | |
|---|
| 9033 | |
|---|
| 9034 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 9035 | |
|---|
| 9036 | |
|---|
| 9037 | |
|---|
| 9038 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along y at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br> |
|---|
| 9039 | |
|---|
| 9040 | |
|---|
| 9041 | |
|---|
| 9042 | |
|---|
| 9043 | |
|---|
| 9044 | |
|---|
| 9045 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 9046 | two-dimensional v-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">vswst</span> is |
|---|
| 9047 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> as |
|---|
| 9048 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the v-momentum equation.</p> |
|---|
| 9049 | |
|---|
| 9050 | |
|---|
| 9051 | |
|---|
| 9052 | |
|---|
| 9053 | |
|---|
| 9054 | |
|---|
| 9055 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br> |
|---|
| 9056 | |
|---|
| 9057 | |
|---|
| 9058 | |
|---|
| 9059 | The |
|---|
| 9060 | application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 9061 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 9062 | = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> also.</p> |
|---|
| 9063 | |
|---|
| 9064 | |
|---|
| 9065 | |
|---|
| 9066 | |
|---|
| 9067 | |
|---|
| 9068 | |
|---|
| 9069 | <p>A Neumann |
|---|
| 9070 | condition should be used for the v velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>), |
|---|
| 9071 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 9072 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 9073 | |
|---|
| 9074 | |
|---|
| 9075 | |
|---|
| 9076 | |
|---|
| 9077 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> |
|---|
| 9078 | |
|---|
| 9079 | |
|---|
| 9080 | |
|---|
| 9081 | <p>No |
|---|
| 9082 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
|---|
| 9083 | |
|---|
| 9084 | |
|---|
| 9085 | |
|---|
| 9086 | |
|---|
| 9087 | |
|---|
| 9088 | |
|---|
| 9089 | <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g. top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p> |
|---|
| 9090 | |
|---|
| 9091 | |
|---|
| 9092 | |
|---|
| 9093 | </td> |
|---|
| 9094 | |
|---|
| 9095 | |
|---|
| 9096 | |
|---|
| 9097 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9098 | |
|---|
| 9099 | |
|---|
| 9100 | |
|---|
| 9101 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9102 | |
|---|
| 9103 | |
|---|
| 9104 | |
|---|
| 9105 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 9106 | |
|---|
| 9107 | |
|---|
| 9108 | |
|---|
| 9109 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9110 | |
|---|
| 9111 | |
|---|
| 9112 | |
|---|
| 9113 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
|---|
| 9114 | |
|---|
| 9115 | |
|---|
| 9116 | |
|---|
| 9117 | |
|---|
| 9118 | salinityflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 9119 | |
|---|
| 9120 | |
|---|
| 9121 | |
|---|
| 9122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9123 | |
|---|
| 9124 | |
|---|
| 9125 | |
|---|
| 9126 | <p>Kinematic |
|---|
| 9127 | salinity flux at the top boundary, i.e. the sea surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 9128 | |
|---|
| 9129 | |
|---|
| 9130 | |
|---|
| 9131 | |
|---|
| 9132 | |
|---|
| 9133 | |
|---|
| 9134 | |
|---|
| 9135 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 9136 | |
|---|
| 9137 | |
|---|
| 9138 | |
|---|
| 9139 | |
|---|
| 9140 | |
|---|
| 9141 | |
|---|
| 9142 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 9143 | two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">saswst</span> is |
|---|
| 9144 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span> as |
|---|
| 9145 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 9146 | condition must be used for the salinity (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>), |
|---|
| 9147 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 9148 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 9149 | |
|---|
| 9150 | |
|---|
| 9151 | |
|---|
| 9152 | |
|---|
| 9153 | |
|---|
| 9154 | |
|---|
| 9155 | |
|---|
| 9156 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 9157 | |
|---|
| 9158 | |
|---|
| 9159 | |
|---|
| 9160 | The |
|---|
| 9161 | application of a salinity flux at the model top additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 9162 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 9163 | = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 9164 | |
|---|
| 9165 | |
|---|
| 9166 | |
|---|
| 9167 | |
|---|
| 9168 | |
|---|
| 9169 | |
|---|
| 9170 | <p>See |
|---|
| 9171 | also <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 9172 | |
|---|
| 9173 | |
|---|
| 9174 | |
|---|
| 9175 | </td> |
|---|
| 9176 | |
|---|
| 9177 | |
|---|
| 9178 | |
|---|
| 9179 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9180 | |
|---|
| 9181 | |
|---|
| 9182 | |
|---|
| 9183 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9184 | |
|---|
| 9185 | |
|---|
| 9186 | |
|---|
| 9187 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9188 | |
|---|
| 9189 | |
|---|
| 9190 | |
|---|
| 9191 | <p><a name="ug_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span></p> |
|---|
| 9192 | |
|---|
| 9193 | |
|---|
| 9194 | |
|---|
| 9195 | |
|---|
| 9196 | </td> |
|---|
| 9197 | |
|---|
| 9198 | |
|---|
| 9199 | |
|---|
| 9200 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
|---|
| 9201 | |
|---|
| 9202 | |
|---|
| 9203 | |
|---|
| 9204 | </td> |
|---|
| 9205 | |
|---|
| 9206 | |
|---|
| 9207 | |
|---|
| 9208 | |
|---|
| 9209 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 9210 | |
|---|
| 9211 | |
|---|
| 9212 | |
|---|
| 9213 | </td> |
|---|
| 9214 | |
|---|
| 9215 | |
|---|
| 9216 | |
|---|
| 9217 | |
|---|
| 9218 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the |
|---|
| 9219 | geostrophic |
|---|
| 9220 | wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> |
|---|
| 9221 | |
|---|
| 9222 | |
|---|
| 9223 | |
|---|
| 9224 | <br> |
|---|
| 9225 | |
|---|
| 9226 | |
|---|
| 9227 | |
|---|
| 9228 | |
|---|
| 9229 | This parameter assigns the value of the u-component of the geostrophic |
|---|
| 9230 | wind (ug) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
|---|
| 9231 | vertical profile of the <br> |
|---|
| 9232 | |
|---|
| 9233 | |
|---|
| 9234 | |
|---|
| 9235 | |
|---|
| 9236 | u-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 9237 | and <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 9238 | The |
|---|
| 9239 | profile constructed in that way is used for creating the initial |
|---|
| 9240 | vertical velocity profile of the 3d-model. Either it is applied, as it |
|---|
| 9241 | has been specified by the user (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 9242 | = 'set_constant_profiles') or it is used for calculating a stationary |
|---|
| 9243 | boundary layer wind profile (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 9244 | = 'set_1d-model_profiles'). If ug is constant with height (i.e. ug(k)=<span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span>) |
|---|
| 9245 | and has a large |
|---|
| 9246 | value, it is recommended to use a Galilei-transformation of the |
|---|
| 9247 | coordinate system, if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 9248 | in order to obtain larger time steps.<br> |
|---|
| 9249 | |
|---|
| 9250 | |
|---|
| 9251 | |
|---|
| 9252 | <br> |
|---|
| 9253 | |
|---|
| 9254 | |
|---|
| 9255 | |
|---|
| 9256 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 9257 | |
|---|
| 9258 | |
|---|
| 9259 | |
|---|
| 9260 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 9261 | this parameter gives the geostrophic velocity value (i.e. the pressure gradient) at the sea surface, which is |
|---|
| 9262 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
|---|
| 9263 | bottom of the model.<br> |
|---|
| 9264 | |
|---|
| 9265 | |
|---|
| 9266 | |
|---|
| 9267 | </td> |
|---|
| 9268 | |
|---|
| 9269 | |
|---|
| 9270 | |
|---|
| 9271 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9272 | |
|---|
| 9273 | |
|---|
| 9274 | |
|---|
| 9275 | |
|---|
| 9276 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9277 | |
|---|
| 9278 | |
|---|
| 9279 | |
|---|
| 9280 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9281 | |
|---|
| 9282 | |
|---|
| 9283 | |
|---|
| 9284 | <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span></p> |
|---|
| 9285 | |
|---|
| 9286 | |
|---|
| 9287 | |
|---|
| 9288 | |
|---|
| 9289 | </td> |
|---|
| 9290 | |
|---|
| 9291 | |
|---|
| 9292 | |
|---|
| 9293 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 9294 | |
|---|
| 9295 | |
|---|
| 9296 | |
|---|
| 9297 | |
|---|
| 9298 | </td> |
|---|
| 9299 | |
|---|
| 9300 | |
|---|
| 9301 | |
|---|
| 9302 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 9303 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 9304 | |
|---|
| 9305 | |
|---|
| 9306 | |
|---|
| 9307 | </td> |
|---|
| 9308 | |
|---|
| 9309 | |
|---|
| 9310 | |
|---|
| 9311 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial |
|---|
| 9312 | profile of the u-component of the geostrophic wind (in |
|---|
| 9313 | 1/100s).<br> |
|---|
| 9314 | |
|---|
| 9315 | |
|---|
| 9316 | |
|---|
| 9317 | <br> |
|---|
| 9318 | |
|---|
| 9319 | |
|---|
| 9320 | |
|---|
| 9321 | |
|---|
| 9322 | The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 9323 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
|---|
| 9324 | ug(k) is set: ug(k) = ug(k-1) + dzu(k) * <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span>) |
|---|
| 9325 | up to the top |
|---|
| 9326 | boundary or up to the next height level defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 9327 | A |
|---|
| 9328 | total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 |
|---|
| 9329 | intervals if <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 9330 | = 0.0) can be assigned. The surface geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 9331 | |
|---|
| 9332 | |
|---|
| 9333 | |
|---|
| 9334 | <br> |
|---|
| 9335 | |
|---|
| 9336 | |
|---|
| 9337 | |
|---|
| 9338 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 9339 | |
|---|
| 9340 | |
|---|
| 9341 | |
|---|
| 9342 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 9343 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
|---|
| 9344 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
|---|
| 9345 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 9346 | |
|---|
| 9347 | |
|---|
| 9348 | |
|---|
| 9349 | </td> |
|---|
| 9350 | |
|---|
| 9351 | |
|---|
| 9352 | |
|---|
| 9353 | |
|---|
| 9354 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9355 | |
|---|
| 9356 | |
|---|
| 9357 | |
|---|
| 9358 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9359 | |
|---|
| 9360 | |
|---|
| 9361 | |
|---|
| 9362 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9363 | |
|---|
| 9364 | |
|---|
| 9365 | |
|---|
| 9366 | <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span></p> |
|---|
| 9367 | |
|---|
| 9368 | |
|---|
| 9369 | |
|---|
| 9370 | |
|---|
| 9371 | </td> |
|---|
| 9372 | |
|---|
| 9373 | |
|---|
| 9374 | |
|---|
| 9375 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 9376 | |
|---|
| 9377 | |
|---|
| 9378 | |
|---|
| 9379 | |
|---|
| 9380 | </td> |
|---|
| 9381 | |
|---|
| 9382 | |
|---|
| 9383 | |
|---|
| 9384 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 9385 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 9386 | |
|---|
| 9387 | |
|---|
| 9388 | |
|---|
| 9389 | </td> |
|---|
| 9390 | |
|---|
| 9391 | |
|---|
| 9392 | |
|---|
| 9393 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the |
|---|
| 9394 | gradient defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 9395 | is effective (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 9396 | |
|---|
| 9397 | |
|---|
| 9398 | |
|---|
| 9399 | <br> |
|---|
| 9400 | |
|---|
| 9401 | |
|---|
| 9402 | |
|---|
| 9403 | |
|---|
| 9404 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the |
|---|
| 9405 | piecewise construction of a profile of the u-component of the |
|---|
| 9406 | geostrophic wind component (ug) see <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 9407 | |
|---|
| 9408 | |
|---|
| 9409 | |
|---|
| 9410 | <br> |
|---|
| 9411 | |
|---|
| 9412 | |
|---|
| 9413 | |
|---|
| 9414 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 9415 | |
|---|
| 9416 | |
|---|
| 9417 | |
|---|
| 9418 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td> |
|---|
| 9419 | |
|---|
| 9420 | |
|---|
| 9421 | |
|---|
| 9422 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9423 | |
|---|
| 9424 | |
|---|
| 9425 | |
|---|
| 9426 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9427 | |
|---|
| 9428 | |
|---|
| 9429 | |
|---|
| 9430 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9431 | |
|---|
| 9432 | |
|---|
| 9433 | |
|---|
| 9434 | <p><a name="ups_limit_e"></a><b>ups_limit_e</b></p> |
|---|
| 9435 | |
|---|
| 9436 | |
|---|
| 9437 | |
|---|
| 9438 | |
|---|
| 9439 | </td> |
|---|
| 9440 | |
|---|
| 9441 | |
|---|
| 9442 | |
|---|
| 9443 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9444 | |
|---|
| 9445 | |
|---|
| 9446 | |
|---|
| 9447 | |
|---|
| 9448 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9449 | |
|---|
| 9450 | |
|---|
| 9451 | |
|---|
| 9452 | |
|---|
| 9453 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9454 | |
|---|
| 9455 | |
|---|
| 9456 | |
|---|
| 9457 | <p>Subgrid-scale |
|---|
| 9458 | turbulent kinetic energy difference used as |
|---|
| 9459 | criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline |
|---|
| 9460 | advection is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
|---|
| 9461 | </p> |
|---|
| 9462 | |
|---|
| 9463 | |
|---|
| 9464 | |
|---|
| 9465 | |
|---|
| 9466 | |
|---|
| 9467 | |
|---|
| 9468 | |
|---|
| 9469 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate |
|---|
| 9470 | treatment of the |
|---|
| 9471 | advection of the subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy in case that |
|---|
| 9472 | the uptream-spline scheme is used . For further information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. </p> |
|---|
| 9473 | |
|---|
| 9474 | |
|---|
| 9475 | |
|---|
| 9476 | |
|---|
| 9477 | |
|---|
| 9478 | |
|---|
| 9479 | |
|---|
| 9480 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>ups_limit_e</b>. |
|---|
| 9481 | </p> |
|---|
| 9482 | |
|---|
| 9483 | |
|---|
| 9484 | |
|---|
| 9485 | </td> |
|---|
| 9486 | |
|---|
| 9487 | |
|---|
| 9488 | |
|---|
| 9489 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9490 | |
|---|
| 9491 | |
|---|
| 9492 | |
|---|
| 9493 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9494 | |
|---|
| 9495 | |
|---|
| 9496 | |
|---|
| 9497 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9498 | |
|---|
| 9499 | |
|---|
| 9500 | |
|---|
| 9501 | <p><a name="ups_limit_pt"></a><b>ups_limit_pt</b></p> |
|---|
| 9502 | |
|---|
| 9503 | |
|---|
| 9504 | |
|---|
| 9505 | |
|---|
| 9506 | </td> |
|---|
| 9507 | |
|---|
| 9508 | |
|---|
| 9509 | |
|---|
| 9510 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9511 | |
|---|
| 9512 | |
|---|
| 9513 | |
|---|
| 9514 | |
|---|
| 9515 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9516 | |
|---|
| 9517 | |
|---|
| 9518 | |
|---|
| 9519 | |
|---|
| 9520 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9521 | |
|---|
| 9522 | |
|---|
| 9523 | |
|---|
| 9524 | <p>Temperature |
|---|
| 9525 | difference used as criterion for applying |
|---|
| 9526 | the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is |
|---|
| 9527 | switched on |
|---|
| 9528 | (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 9529 | |
|---|
| 9530 | |
|---|
| 9531 | |
|---|
| 9532 | |
|---|
| 9533 | |
|---|
| 9534 | |
|---|
| 9535 | |
|---|
| 9536 | <p>This criterion is used if the |
|---|
| 9537 | upstream-spline scheme is |
|---|
| 9538 | switched on (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 9539 | |
|---|
| 9540 | |
|---|
| 9541 | |
|---|
| 9542 | |
|---|
| 9543 | If, for a given gridpoint, the absolute temperature difference with |
|---|
| 9544 | respect to the upstream |
|---|
| 9545 | grid point is smaller than the value given for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>, |
|---|
| 9546 | the upstream scheme is used for this gridpoint (by default, the |
|---|
| 9547 | upstream-spline scheme is always used). Reason: in case of a very small |
|---|
| 9548 | upstream gradient, the advection should cause only a very small |
|---|
| 9549 | tendency. However, in such situations the upstream-spline scheme may |
|---|
| 9550 | give wrong tendencies at a |
|---|
| 9551 | grid point due to spline overshooting, if simultaneously the downstream |
|---|
| 9552 | gradient is very large. In such cases it may be more reasonable to use |
|---|
| 9553 | the upstream scheme. The numerical diffusion caused by the upstream |
|---|
| 9554 | schme remains small as long as the upstream gradients are small.<br> |
|---|
| 9555 | |
|---|
| 9556 | |
|---|
| 9557 | |
|---|
| 9558 | |
|---|
| 9559 | </p> |
|---|
| 9560 | |
|---|
| 9561 | |
|---|
| 9562 | |
|---|
| 9563 | |
|---|
| 9564 | |
|---|
| 9565 | |
|---|
| 9566 | |
|---|
| 9567 | <p>The percentage of grid points for which the |
|---|
| 9568 | upstream |
|---|
| 9569 | scheme is actually used, can be output as a time series with respect to |
|---|
| 9570 | the |
|---|
| 9571 | three directions in space with run parameter (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots">dt_dots</a>, the |
|---|
| 9572 | timeseries names in the NetCDF file are <i>'splptx'</i>, <i>'splpty'</i>, |
|---|
| 9573 | <i>'splptz'</i>). The percentage |
|---|
| 9574 | of gridpoints should stay below a certain limit, however, it |
|---|
| 9575 | is |
|---|
| 9576 | not possible to give |
|---|
| 9577 | a general limit, since it depends on the respective flow. </p> |
|---|
| 9578 | |
|---|
| 9579 | |
|---|
| 9580 | |
|---|
| 9581 | |
|---|
| 9582 | |
|---|
| 9583 | |
|---|
| 9584 | |
|---|
| 9585 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>.<br> |
|---|
| 9586 | |
|---|
| 9587 | |
|---|
| 9588 | |
|---|
| 9589 | |
|---|
| 9590 | </p> |
|---|
| 9591 | |
|---|
| 9592 | |
|---|
| 9593 | |
|---|
| 9594 | |
|---|
| 9595 | A more effective control of |
|---|
| 9596 | the “overshoots” can be achieved with parameter <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>. |
|---|
| 9597 | </td> |
|---|
| 9598 | |
|---|
| 9599 | |
|---|
| 9600 | |
|---|
| 9601 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9602 | |
|---|
| 9603 | |
|---|
| 9604 | |
|---|
| 9605 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9606 | |
|---|
| 9607 | |
|---|
| 9608 | |
|---|
| 9609 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9610 | |
|---|
| 9611 | |
|---|
| 9612 | |
|---|
| 9613 | <p><a name="ups_limit_u"></a><b>ups_limit_u</b></p> |
|---|
| 9614 | |
|---|
| 9615 | |
|---|
| 9616 | |
|---|
| 9617 | |
|---|
| 9618 | </td> |
|---|
| 9619 | |
|---|
| 9620 | |
|---|
| 9621 | |
|---|
| 9622 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9623 | |
|---|
| 9624 | |
|---|
| 9625 | |
|---|
| 9626 | |
|---|
| 9627 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9628 | |
|---|
| 9629 | |
|---|
| 9630 | |
|---|
| 9631 | |
|---|
| 9632 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9633 | |
|---|
| 9634 | |
|---|
| 9635 | |
|---|
| 9636 | <p>Velocity |
|---|
| 9637 | difference (u-component) used as criterion for |
|---|
| 9638 | applying the upstream scheme |
|---|
| 9639 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 9640 | |
|---|
| 9641 | |
|---|
| 9642 | |
|---|
| 9643 | |
|---|
| 9644 | |
|---|
| 9645 | |
|---|
| 9646 | |
|---|
| 9647 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
|---|
| 9648 | advection of the u-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 9649 | scheme is used. For further |
|---|
| 9650 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
|---|
| 9651 | </p> |
|---|
| 9652 | |
|---|
| 9653 | |
|---|
| 9654 | |
|---|
| 9655 | |
|---|
| 9656 | |
|---|
| 9657 | |
|---|
| 9658 | |
|---|
| 9659 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_u</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 9660 | |
|---|
| 9661 | |
|---|
| 9662 | |
|---|
| 9663 | |
|---|
| 9664 | </td> |
|---|
| 9665 | |
|---|
| 9666 | |
|---|
| 9667 | |
|---|
| 9668 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9669 | |
|---|
| 9670 | |
|---|
| 9671 | |
|---|
| 9672 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9673 | |
|---|
| 9674 | |
|---|
| 9675 | |
|---|
| 9676 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9677 | |
|---|
| 9678 | |
|---|
| 9679 | |
|---|
| 9680 | <p><a name="ups_limit_v"></a><b>ups_limit_v</b></p> |
|---|
| 9681 | |
|---|
| 9682 | |
|---|
| 9683 | |
|---|
| 9684 | |
|---|
| 9685 | </td> |
|---|
| 9686 | |
|---|
| 9687 | |
|---|
| 9688 | |
|---|
| 9689 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9690 | |
|---|
| 9691 | |
|---|
| 9692 | |
|---|
| 9693 | |
|---|
| 9694 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9695 | |
|---|
| 9696 | |
|---|
| 9697 | |
|---|
| 9698 | |
|---|
| 9699 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9700 | |
|---|
| 9701 | |
|---|
| 9702 | |
|---|
| 9703 | <p>Velocity |
|---|
| 9704 | difference (v-component) used as criterion for |
|---|
| 9705 | applying the upstream scheme |
|---|
| 9706 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 9707 | |
|---|
| 9708 | |
|---|
| 9709 | |
|---|
| 9710 | |
|---|
| 9711 | |
|---|
| 9712 | |
|---|
| 9713 | |
|---|
| 9714 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
|---|
| 9715 | advection of the v-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 9716 | scheme is used. For further |
|---|
| 9717 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
|---|
| 9718 | </p> |
|---|
| 9719 | |
|---|
| 9720 | |
|---|
| 9721 | |
|---|
| 9722 | |
|---|
| 9723 | |
|---|
| 9724 | |
|---|
| 9725 | |
|---|
| 9726 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_v</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 9727 | |
|---|
| 9728 | |
|---|
| 9729 | |
|---|
| 9730 | |
|---|
| 9731 | </td> |
|---|
| 9732 | |
|---|
| 9733 | |
|---|
| 9734 | |
|---|
| 9735 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9736 | |
|---|
| 9737 | |
|---|
| 9738 | |
|---|
| 9739 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9740 | |
|---|
| 9741 | |
|---|
| 9742 | |
|---|
| 9743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9744 | |
|---|
| 9745 | |
|---|
| 9746 | |
|---|
| 9747 | <p><a name="ups_limit_w"></a><b>ups_limit_w</b></p> |
|---|
| 9748 | |
|---|
| 9749 | |
|---|
| 9750 | |
|---|
| 9751 | |
|---|
| 9752 | </td> |
|---|
| 9753 | |
|---|
| 9754 | |
|---|
| 9755 | |
|---|
| 9756 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9757 | |
|---|
| 9758 | |
|---|
| 9759 | |
|---|
| 9760 | |
|---|
| 9761 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9762 | |
|---|
| 9763 | |
|---|
| 9764 | |
|---|
| 9765 | |
|---|
| 9766 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9767 | |
|---|
| 9768 | |
|---|
| 9769 | |
|---|
| 9770 | <p>Velocity |
|---|
| 9771 | difference (w-component) used as criterion for |
|---|
| 9772 | applying the upstream scheme |
|---|
| 9773 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 9774 | |
|---|
| 9775 | |
|---|
| 9776 | |
|---|
| 9777 | |
|---|
| 9778 | |
|---|
| 9779 | |
|---|
| 9780 | |
|---|
| 9781 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
|---|
| 9782 | advection of the w-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 9783 | scheme is used. For further |
|---|
| 9784 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
|---|
| 9785 | </p> |
|---|
| 9786 | |
|---|
| 9787 | |
|---|
| 9788 | |
|---|
| 9789 | |
|---|
| 9790 | |
|---|
| 9791 | |
|---|
| 9792 | |
|---|
| 9793 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_w</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 9794 | |
|---|
| 9795 | |
|---|
| 9796 | |
|---|
| 9797 | |
|---|
| 9798 | </td> |
|---|
| 9799 | |
|---|
| 9800 | |
|---|
| 9801 | |
|---|
| 9802 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9803 | |
|---|
| 9804 | |
|---|
| 9805 | |
|---|
| 9806 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9807 | |
|---|
| 9808 | |
|---|
| 9809 | |
|---|
| 9810 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9811 | |
|---|
| 9812 | |
|---|
| 9813 | |
|---|
| 9814 | <p><a name="use_surface_fluxes"></a><b>use_surface_fluxes</b></p> |
|---|
| 9815 | |
|---|
| 9816 | |
|---|
| 9817 | |
|---|
| 9818 | |
|---|
| 9819 | </td> |
|---|
| 9820 | |
|---|
| 9821 | |
|---|
| 9822 | |
|---|
| 9823 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 9824 | |
|---|
| 9825 | |
|---|
| 9826 | |
|---|
| 9827 | |
|---|
| 9828 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 9829 | |
|---|
| 9830 | |
|---|
| 9831 | |
|---|
| 9832 | |
|---|
| 9833 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9834 | |
|---|
| 9835 | |
|---|
| 9836 | |
|---|
| 9837 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 9838 | steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical |
|---|
| 9839 | fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=1 (bottom boundary).<br> |
|---|
| 9840 | |
|---|
| 9841 | |
|---|
| 9842 | |
|---|
| 9843 | </p> |
|---|
| 9844 | |
|---|
| 9845 | |
|---|
| 9846 | |
|---|
| 9847 | |
|---|
| 9848 | |
|---|
| 9849 | |
|---|
| 9850 | |
|---|
| 9851 | <p>By default, the near-surface subgrid-scale fluxes are |
|---|
| 9852 | parameterized (like in the remaining model domain) using the gradient |
|---|
| 9853 | approach. If <b>use_surface_fluxes</b> |
|---|
| 9854 | = <i>.TRUE.</i>, the user-assigned surface fluxes are used |
|---|
| 9855 | instead |
|---|
| 9856 | (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, |
|---|
| 9857 | <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a> |
|---|
| 9858 | and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>) |
|---|
| 9859 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span> the |
|---|
| 9860 | surface fluxes are |
|---|
| 9861 | calculated via the Prandtl layer relation (depends on the bottom |
|---|
| 9862 | boundary conditions, see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>, |
|---|
| 9863 | <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a> |
|---|
| 9864 | and <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 9865 | |
|---|
| 9866 | |
|---|
| 9867 | |
|---|
| 9868 | </p> |
|---|
| 9869 | |
|---|
| 9870 | |
|---|
| 9871 | |
|---|
| 9872 | |
|---|
| 9873 | |
|---|
| 9874 | |
|---|
| 9875 | |
|---|
| 9876 | <p><b>use_surface_fluxes</b> |
|---|
| 9877 | is automatically set <i>.TRUE.</i>, if a Prandtl layer is |
|---|
| 9878 | used (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
|---|
| 9879 | </p> |
|---|
| 9880 | |
|---|
| 9881 | |
|---|
| 9882 | |
|---|
| 9883 | |
|---|
| 9884 | |
|---|
| 9885 | |
|---|
| 9886 | |
|---|
| 9887 | <p>The user may prescribe the surface fluxes at the |
|---|
| 9888 | bottom |
|---|
| 9889 | boundary without using a Prandtl layer by setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_surface_fluxes</span> = |
|---|
| 9890 | <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">prandtl_layer</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>. If , in this |
|---|
| 9891 | case, the |
|---|
| 9892 | momentum flux (u<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>) |
|---|
| 9893 | should also be prescribed, |
|---|
| 9894 | the user must assign an appropriate value within the user-defined code.</p> |
|---|
| 9895 | |
|---|
| 9896 | |
|---|
| 9897 | |
|---|
| 9898 | |
|---|
| 9899 | </td> |
|---|
| 9900 | |
|---|
| 9901 | |
|---|
| 9902 | |
|---|
| 9903 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9904 | |
|---|
| 9905 | |
|---|
| 9906 | |
|---|
| 9907 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9908 | |
|---|
| 9909 | |
|---|
| 9910 | |
|---|
| 9911 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_top_fluxes"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span></td> |
|---|
| 9912 | |
|---|
| 9913 | |
|---|
| 9914 | |
|---|
| 9915 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 9916 | |
|---|
| 9917 | |
|---|
| 9918 | |
|---|
| 9919 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 9920 | |
|---|
| 9921 | |
|---|
| 9922 | |
|---|
| 9923 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9924 | |
|---|
| 9925 | |
|---|
| 9926 | |
|---|
| 9927 | <p>Parameter to steer |
|---|
| 9928 | the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical |
|---|
| 9929 | fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=nz (top boundary).</p> |
|---|
| 9930 | |
|---|
| 9931 | |
|---|
| 9932 | |
|---|
| 9933 | |
|---|
| 9934 | |
|---|
| 9935 | |
|---|
| 9936 | <p>By |
|---|
| 9937 | default, the fluxes at nz are calculated using the gradient approach. |
|---|
| 9938 | If <b>use_top_fluxes</b> |
|---|
| 9939 | = <i>.TRUE.</i>, the user-assigned top fluxes are used |
|---|
| 9940 | instead |
|---|
| 9941 | (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a>, <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 9942 | |
|---|
| 9943 | |
|---|
| 9944 | |
|---|
| 9945 | |
|---|
| 9946 | |
|---|
| 9947 | |
|---|
| 9948 | <p>Currently, no value for the latent heatflux can be assigned. In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, the latent |
|---|
| 9949 | heat flux at the top will be automatically set to zero.</p> |
|---|
| 9950 | |
|---|
| 9951 | |
|---|
| 9952 | |
|---|
| 9953 | </td> |
|---|
| 9954 | |
|---|
| 9955 | |
|---|
| 9956 | |
|---|
| 9957 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9958 | |
|---|
| 9959 | |
|---|
| 9960 | |
|---|
| 9961 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9962 | |
|---|
| 9963 | |
|---|
| 9964 | |
|---|
| 9965 | |
|---|
| 9966 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9967 | |
|---|
| 9968 | |
|---|
| 9969 | |
|---|
| 9970 | <p><a name="use_ug_for_galilei_tr"></a><b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b></p> |
|---|
| 9971 | |
|---|
| 9972 | |
|---|
| 9973 | |
|---|
| 9974 | |
|---|
| 9975 | </td> |
|---|
| 9976 | |
|---|
| 9977 | |
|---|
| 9978 | |
|---|
| 9979 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 9980 | |
|---|
| 9981 | |
|---|
| 9982 | |
|---|
| 9983 | |
|---|
| 9984 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
|---|
| 9985 | |
|---|
| 9986 | |
|---|
| 9987 | |
|---|
| 9988 | |
|---|
| 9989 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9990 | |
|---|
| 9991 | |
|---|
| 9992 | |
|---|
| 9993 | <p>Switch to |
|---|
| 9994 | determine the translation velocity in case that a |
|---|
| 9995 | Galilean transformation is used.<br> |
|---|
| 9996 | |
|---|
| 9997 | |
|---|
| 9998 | |
|---|
| 9999 | </p> |
|---|
| 10000 | |
|---|
| 10001 | |
|---|
| 10002 | |
|---|
| 10003 | |
|---|
| 10004 | |
|---|
| 10005 | |
|---|
| 10006 | |
|---|
| 10007 | <p>In |
|---|
| 10008 | case of a Galilean transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 10009 | <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b> |
|---|
| 10010 | = <i>.T.</i> ensures |
|---|
| 10011 | that the coordinate system is translated with the geostrophic windspeed.<br> |
|---|
| 10012 | |
|---|
| 10013 | |
|---|
| 10014 | |
|---|
| 10015 | |
|---|
| 10016 | </p> |
|---|
| 10017 | |
|---|
| 10018 | |
|---|
| 10019 | |
|---|
| 10020 | |
|---|
| 10021 | |
|---|
| 10022 | |
|---|
| 10023 | |
|---|
| 10024 | <p>Alternatively, with <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b> |
|---|
| 10025 | = <i>.F</i>., |
|---|
| 10026 | the |
|---|
| 10027 | geostrophic wind can be replaced as translation speed by the (volume) |
|---|
| 10028 | averaged velocity. However, in this case the user must be aware of fast |
|---|
| 10029 | growing gravity waves, so this |
|---|
| 10030 | choice is usually not recommended!</p> |
|---|
| 10031 | |
|---|
| 10032 | |
|---|
| 10033 | |
|---|
| 10034 | </td> |
|---|
| 10035 | |
|---|
| 10036 | |
|---|
| 10037 | |
|---|
| 10038 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10039 | |
|---|
| 10040 | |
|---|
| 10041 | |
|---|
| 10042 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10043 | |
|---|
| 10044 | |
|---|
| 10045 | |
|---|
| 10046 | <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_upstream_for_tke"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span></td> |
|---|
| 10047 | |
|---|
| 10048 | |
|---|
| 10049 | |
|---|
| 10050 | <td align="left" valign="top">L</td> |
|---|
| 10051 | |
|---|
| 10052 | |
|---|
| 10053 | |
|---|
| 10054 | <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 10055 | |
|---|
| 10056 | |
|---|
| 10057 | |
|---|
| 10058 | <td align="left" valign="top">Parameter to choose the |
|---|
| 10059 | advection/timestep scheme to be used for the subgrid-scale TKE.<br> |
|---|
| 10060 | |
|---|
| 10061 | |
|---|
| 10062 | |
|---|
| 10063 | <br> |
|---|
| 10064 | |
|---|
| 10065 | |
|---|
| 10066 | |
|---|
| 10067 | By |
|---|
| 10068 | default, the advection scheme and the timestep scheme to be used for |
|---|
| 10069 | the subgrid-scale TKE are set by the initialization parameters <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> and <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>, |
|---|
| 10070 | respectively. <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span> |
|---|
| 10071 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
|---|
| 10072 | forces the Euler-scheme and the upstream-scheme to be used as timestep |
|---|
| 10073 | scheme and advection scheme, respectively. By these methods, the strong |
|---|
| 10074 | (artificial) near-surface vertical gradients of the subgrid-scale TKE |
|---|
| 10075 | are significantly reduced. This is required when subgrid-scale |
|---|
| 10076 | velocities are used for advection of particles (see particle package |
|---|
| 10077 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>).</td> |
|---|
| 10078 | |
|---|
| 10079 | |
|---|
| 10080 | |
|---|
| 10081 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10082 | |
|---|
| 10083 | |
|---|
| 10084 | |
|---|
| 10085 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10086 | |
|---|
| 10087 | |
|---|
| 10088 | |
|---|
| 10089 | |
|---|
| 10090 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10091 | |
|---|
| 10092 | |
|---|
| 10093 | |
|---|
| 10094 | <p><a name="vg_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span></p> |
|---|
| 10095 | |
|---|
| 10096 | |
|---|
| 10097 | |
|---|
| 10098 | |
|---|
| 10099 | </td> |
|---|
| 10100 | |
|---|
| 10101 | |
|---|
| 10102 | |
|---|
| 10103 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
|---|
| 10104 | |
|---|
| 10105 | |
|---|
| 10106 | |
|---|
| 10107 | </td> |
|---|
| 10108 | |
|---|
| 10109 | |
|---|
| 10110 | |
|---|
| 10111 | |
|---|
| 10112 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 10113 | |
|---|
| 10114 | |
|---|
| 10115 | |
|---|
| 10116 | </td> |
|---|
| 10117 | |
|---|
| 10118 | |
|---|
| 10119 | |
|---|
| 10120 | |
|---|
| 10121 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the |
|---|
| 10122 | geostrophic |
|---|
| 10123 | wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> |
|---|
| 10124 | |
|---|
| 10125 | |
|---|
| 10126 | |
|---|
| 10127 | <br> |
|---|
| 10128 | |
|---|
| 10129 | |
|---|
| 10130 | |
|---|
| 10131 | |
|---|
| 10132 | This parameter assigns the value of the v-component of the geostrophic |
|---|
| 10133 | wind (vg) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
|---|
| 10134 | vertical profile of the <br> |
|---|
| 10135 | |
|---|
| 10136 | |
|---|
| 10137 | |
|---|
| 10138 | |
|---|
| 10139 | v-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10140 | and <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 10141 | The |
|---|
| 10142 | profile |
|---|
| 10143 | constructed in that way is used for creating the initial vertical |
|---|
| 10144 | velocity profile of the 3d-model. Either it is applied, as it has been |
|---|
| 10145 | specified by the user (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 10146 | = 'set_constant_profiles') |
|---|
| 10147 | or it is used for calculating a stationary boundary layer wind profile |
|---|
| 10148 | (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 10149 | = |
|---|
| 10150 | 'set_1d-model_profiles'). If vg is constant |
|---|
| 10151 | with height (i.e. vg(k)=<span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span>) |
|---|
| 10152 | and has a large value, it is |
|---|
| 10153 | recommended to use a Galilei-transformation of the coordinate system, |
|---|
| 10154 | if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 10155 | in order to obtain larger |
|---|
| 10156 | time steps.<br> |
|---|
| 10157 | |
|---|
| 10158 | |
|---|
| 10159 | |
|---|
| 10160 | <br> |
|---|
| 10161 | |
|---|
| 10162 | |
|---|
| 10163 | |
|---|
| 10164 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 10165 | |
|---|
| 10166 | |
|---|
| 10167 | |
|---|
| 10168 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 10169 | this parameter gives the geostrophic velocity value (i.e. the pressure gradient) at the sea surface, which is |
|---|
| 10170 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
|---|
| 10171 | bottom of the model.</td> |
|---|
| 10172 | |
|---|
| 10173 | |
|---|
| 10174 | |
|---|
| 10175 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10176 | |
|---|
| 10177 | |
|---|
| 10178 | |
|---|
| 10179 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10180 | |
|---|
| 10181 | |
|---|
| 10182 | |
|---|
| 10183 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10184 | |
|---|
| 10185 | |
|---|
| 10186 | |
|---|
| 10187 | <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span></p> |
|---|
| 10188 | |
|---|
| 10189 | |
|---|
| 10190 | |
|---|
| 10191 | |
|---|
| 10192 | </td> |
|---|
| 10193 | |
|---|
| 10194 | |
|---|
| 10195 | |
|---|
| 10196 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 10197 | |
|---|
| 10198 | |
|---|
| 10199 | |
|---|
| 10200 | |
|---|
| 10201 | </td> |
|---|
| 10202 | |
|---|
| 10203 | |
|---|
| 10204 | |
|---|
| 10205 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 10206 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 10207 | |
|---|
| 10208 | |
|---|
| 10209 | |
|---|
| 10210 | </td> |
|---|
| 10211 | |
|---|
| 10212 | |
|---|
| 10213 | |
|---|
| 10214 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial |
|---|
| 10215 | profile of the v-component of the geostrophic wind (in |
|---|
| 10216 | 1/100s).<br> |
|---|
| 10217 | |
|---|
| 10218 | |
|---|
| 10219 | |
|---|
| 10220 | <br> |
|---|
| 10221 | |
|---|
| 10222 | |
|---|
| 10223 | |
|---|
| 10224 | |
|---|
| 10225 | The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 10226 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) |
|---|
| 10227 | > <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
|---|
| 10228 | vg(k) is set: vg(k) = vg(k-1) + dzu(k) |
|---|
| 10229 | * <span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span>) |
|---|
| 10230 | up to |
|---|
| 10231 | the top boundary or up to the next height |
|---|
| 10232 | level defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 10233 | A total of 10 different |
|---|
| 10234 | gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals if <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 10235 | = |
|---|
| 10236 | 0.0) can be assigned. The surface |
|---|
| 10237 | geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 10238 | |
|---|
| 10239 | |
|---|
| 10240 | |
|---|
| 10241 | <br> |
|---|
| 10242 | |
|---|
| 10243 | |
|---|
| 10244 | |
|---|
| 10245 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 10246 | |
|---|
| 10247 | |
|---|
| 10248 | |
|---|
| 10249 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 10250 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
|---|
| 10251 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
|---|
| 10252 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 10253 | |
|---|
| 10254 | |
|---|
| 10255 | |
|---|
| 10256 | |
|---|
| 10257 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10258 | |
|---|
| 10259 | |
|---|
| 10260 | |
|---|
| 10261 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10262 | |
|---|
| 10263 | |
|---|
| 10264 | |
|---|
| 10265 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10266 | |
|---|
| 10267 | |
|---|
| 10268 | |
|---|
| 10269 | <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span></p> |
|---|
| 10270 | |
|---|
| 10271 | |
|---|
| 10272 | |
|---|
| 10273 | |
|---|
| 10274 | </td> |
|---|
| 10275 | |
|---|
| 10276 | |
|---|
| 10277 | |
|---|
| 10278 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 10279 | |
|---|
| 10280 | |
|---|
| 10281 | |
|---|
| 10282 | |
|---|
| 10283 | </td> |
|---|
| 10284 | |
|---|
| 10285 | |
|---|
| 10286 | |
|---|
| 10287 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 10288 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 10289 | |
|---|
| 10290 | |
|---|
| 10291 | |
|---|
| 10292 | </td> |
|---|
| 10293 | |
|---|
| 10294 | |
|---|
| 10295 | |
|---|
| 10296 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the |
|---|
| 10297 | gradient defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10298 | is effective (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 10299 | |
|---|
| 10300 | |
|---|
| 10301 | |
|---|
| 10302 | <br> |
|---|
| 10303 | |
|---|
| 10304 | |
|---|
| 10305 | |
|---|
| 10306 | |
|---|
| 10307 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the |
|---|
| 10308 | piecewise construction of a profile of the v-component of the |
|---|
| 10309 | geostrophic wind component (vg) see <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 10310 | |
|---|
| 10311 | |
|---|
| 10312 | |
|---|
| 10313 | <br> |
|---|
| 10314 | |
|---|
| 10315 | |
|---|
| 10316 | |
|---|
| 10317 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 10318 | |
|---|
| 10319 | |
|---|
| 10320 | |
|---|
| 10321 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td> |
|---|
| 10322 | |
|---|
| 10323 | |
|---|
| 10324 | |
|---|
| 10325 | |
|---|
| 10326 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10327 | |
|---|
| 10328 | |
|---|
| 10329 | |
|---|
| 10330 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10331 | |
|---|
| 10332 | |
|---|
| 10333 | |
|---|
| 10334 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10335 | |
|---|
| 10336 | |
|---|
| 10337 | |
|---|
| 10338 | <p><a name="wall_adjustment"></a><b>wall_adjustment</b></p> |
|---|
| 10339 | |
|---|
| 10340 | |
|---|
| 10341 | |
|---|
| 10342 | |
|---|
| 10343 | </td> |
|---|
| 10344 | |
|---|
| 10345 | |
|---|
| 10346 | |
|---|
| 10347 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 10348 | |
|---|
| 10349 | |
|---|
| 10350 | |
|---|
| 10351 | |
|---|
| 10352 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
|---|
| 10353 | |
|---|
| 10354 | |
|---|
| 10355 | |
|---|
| 10356 | |
|---|
| 10357 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10358 | |
|---|
| 10359 | |
|---|
| 10360 | |
|---|
| 10361 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 10362 | restrict the mixing length in the vicinity of the |
|---|
| 10363 | bottom |
|---|
| 10364 | boundary. </p> |
|---|
| 10365 | |
|---|
| 10366 | |
|---|
| 10367 | |
|---|
| 10368 | |
|---|
| 10369 | |
|---|
| 10370 | |
|---|
| 10371 | |
|---|
| 10372 | <p>With <b>wall_adjustment</b> |
|---|
| 10373 | = <i>.TRUE., </i>the mixing |
|---|
| 10374 | length is limited to a maximum of 1.8 * z. This condition |
|---|
| 10375 | typically affects only the |
|---|
| 10376 | first grid points above the bottom boundary.</p> |
|---|
| 10377 | |
|---|
| 10378 | |
|---|
| 10379 | |
|---|
| 10380 | </td> |
|---|
| 10381 | |
|---|
| 10382 | |
|---|
| 10383 | |
|---|
| 10384 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10385 | |
|---|
| 10386 | |
|---|
| 10387 | |
|---|
| 10388 | |
|---|
| 10389 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10390 | |
|---|
| 10391 | |
|---|
| 10392 | |
|---|
| 10393 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="wall_heatflux"></a>wall_heatflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 10394 | |
|---|
| 10395 | |
|---|
| 10396 | |
|---|
| 10397 | |
|---|
| 10398 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(5)</td> |
|---|
| 10399 | |
|---|
| 10400 | |
|---|
| 10401 | |
|---|
| 10402 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 10403 | |
|---|
| 10404 | |
|---|
| 10405 | |
|---|
| 10406 | <td>Prescribed |
|---|
| 10407 | kinematic sensible heat flux in W m<sup>-2</sup> |
|---|
| 10408 | at the five topography faces:<br> |
|---|
| 10409 | |
|---|
| 10410 | |
|---|
| 10411 | |
|---|
| 10412 | <br> |
|---|
| 10413 | |
|---|
| 10414 | |
|---|
| 10415 | |
|---|
| 10416 | |
|---|
| 10417 | |
|---|
| 10418 | |
|---|
| 10419 | |
|---|
| 10420 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0) |
|---|
| 10421 | </span>top face<br> |
|---|
| 10422 | |
|---|
| 10423 | |
|---|
| 10424 | |
|---|
| 10425 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(1) |
|---|
| 10426 | </span>left face<br> |
|---|
| 10427 | |
|---|
| 10428 | |
|---|
| 10429 | |
|---|
| 10430 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(2) |
|---|
| 10431 | </span>right face<br> |
|---|
| 10432 | |
|---|
| 10433 | |
|---|
| 10434 | |
|---|
| 10435 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(3) |
|---|
| 10436 | </span>south face<br> |
|---|
| 10437 | |
|---|
| 10438 | |
|---|
| 10439 | |
|---|
| 10440 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(4) |
|---|
| 10441 | </span>north face</div> |
|---|
| 10442 | |
|---|
| 10443 | |
|---|
| 10444 | |
|---|
| 10445 | <br> |
|---|
| 10446 | |
|---|
| 10447 | |
|---|
| 10448 | |
|---|
| 10449 | |
|---|
| 10450 | This parameter applies only in case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>. The |
|---|
| 10451 | parameter <a href="#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 10452 | can be used to impose random perturbations on the internal |
|---|
| 10453 | two-dimensional surface heat |
|---|
| 10454 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 10455 | that is composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 10456 | at the bottom surface and <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0)</span> |
|---|
| 10457 | at the topography top face. </td> |
|---|
| 10458 | |
|---|
| 10459 | |
|---|
| 10460 | |
|---|
| 10461 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10462 | |
|---|
| 10463 | |
|---|
| 10464 | |
|---|
| 10465 | |
|---|
| 10466 | |
|---|
| 10467 | |
|---|
| 10468 | |
|---|
| 10469 | </tbody> |
|---|
| 10470 | </table> |
|---|
| 10471 | |
|---|
| 10472 | |
|---|
| 10473 | |
|---|
| 10474 | <br> |
|---|
| 10475 | |
|---|
| 10476 | |
|---|
| 10477 | |
|---|
| 10478 | |
|---|
| 10479 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><br> |
|---|
| 10480 | |
|---|
| 10481 | |
|---|
| 10482 | |
|---|
| 10483 | <font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_4.0.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik1" src="left.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik2" src="up.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.2.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik3" src="right.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font></p> |
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| 10484 | |
|---|
| 10485 | |
|---|
| 10486 | |
|---|
| 10487 | |
|---|
| 10488 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><i>Last |
|---|
| 10489 | change: </i> $Id: chapter_4.1.html 114 2007-10-10 00:03:15Z raasch $ </p> |
|---|
| 10490 | |
|---|
| 10491 | |
|---|
| 10492 | |
|---|
| 10493 | |
|---|
| 10494 | <br> |
|---|
| 10495 | |
|---|
| 10496 | |
|---|
| 10497 | |
|---|
| 10498 | <br> |
|---|
| 10499 | |
|---|
| 10500 | |
|---|
| 10501 | |
|---|
| 10502 | |
|---|
| 10503 | </body></html> |
|---|
