= Turbulence Closure=

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PALM offers different turbulence closures depending on the scope of the simulation.

== LES ==
Per default, PALM is operated as an LES model using a subgrid-scale model to parameterize turbulence of size smaller than the grid size.
This is descibed in more detail [/wiki/doc/tec/sgs here].

== RANS ==
Switching on the RANS mode via the namelist paramter //[/wiki/doc/app/inipar#rans_mode rans_mode]//, PALM is operated as a RANS model.
Now, all turbulence is parameterized using a turbulence model.
The available turbulence parameterizations are described [/wiki/doc/tec/turbulence_parameterization here].