= Urban surface parameters =
[[TracNav(doc/app/partoc|nocollapse)]]

[[NoteBox(note,This page is part of the **Urban Surface Mod** (USM) documentation. \\ It contains a listing of all PALM input parameters used to steer the USM. \\ Please also see the **[wiki:doc/tec/usm technical documentation]**., 450px)]]

Since r19xx an urban surface model (USM) is available in PALM. A brief description of the USM will follow here (see [wiki:doc/app/lsmpar#LandSurfaceParameters LSM description] as an example). It consists of a multi layer wall and soil model, predicting wall and soil temperature and moisture content, and a solver for the energy balance, predicting the temperature of the surface or the skin layer. Urban surfaces (building surfaces) are simulated using a tile approach. Each surface element consists of a fraction of bare wall/ roof, window and green elements (green roofs/ facades) with underlying soil layers (green roofs only) and a bare wall/ roof structure.

All parts of the USM code are modularized in module [/browser/palm/trunk/SOURCE/urban_surface_mod.f90 urban_surface_mod]. In this context, a new Fortran namelist {{{urban_surface_parameters}}} was added, containing all USM-related steering parameters. The USM is automatically activated when an {{{urban_surface_parameter}}} is set in the parameter file ({{{_p3d}}}).

\\\\
NAMELIST group name: [=#usmpar '''urban_surface_parameters''']\\
----
\\\\
[=#steering '''Steering:]\\
||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#building_type '''building_type''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
1
}}}
{{{#!td
Default category of buildings.\\\\

         ||= building_type =||= Description (use, age) =||= ''[../radiation_parameters#albedo_type albedo_type]'' =||
         || 0|| User_defined || ||
         || 1|| Residential, < 1950|| 33||
         || 2|| Residential, 1950 - 2000|| 33||
         || 3|| Residential, > 2000|| 33||
         || 4|| Office, < 1950|| 33||
         || 5|| Office, 1950 - 2000|| 33||
         || 6|| Office, > 2000|| 33||
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#land_category '''land_category''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
2
}}}
{{{#!td
Land surface category.\\\\
Default category for land surface.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#naheatlayers '''naheatlayers''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
1
}}}
{{{#!td
Number of anthropogenic heat layers.\\\\
Number of layers where the anthropogenic heat is added into model.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#pedestrian_category '''pedestrian_category''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
2
}}}
{{{#!td
Pedestrian wall category.\\\\
Default category for wall surface in pedestrian zone.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#read_wall_temp_3d '''read_wall_temp_3d''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td
Read wall temperature initialization file.\\\\
Initialize temperature of wall layers and surfaces from supplied file instead of using default profiles.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#roof_category '''roof_category''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
2
}}}
{{{#!td
Roof category.\\\\
Default category for roof surface.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#roof_inner_temperature '''roof_inner_temperature''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
295.0
}}}
{{{#!td
Inner temperature of roofs.\\\\
Temperature of the inner roof surface (inside the building)(K). The value is not used in case of using indoor model.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#roughness_concrete '''roughness_concrete''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
0.001
}}}
{{{#!td
Roughness length of concrete.\\\\
Roughness length of average concrete surface (m). This values is used to calculation of roughness relative to concrete.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#soil_inner_temperature '''soil_inner_temperature''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
288.0
}}}
{{{#!td
Deep soil temperature.\\\\
Temperature of the deep soil. (K)
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#usm_anthropogenic_heat '''usm_anthropogenic_heat''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td
Anthropogenic heat.\\\\
Enable supplied anthropogenic heat in USM model.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#usm_material_model '''usm_material_model''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td
Material heat model.\\\\
Switch on calculation of propagation of heat in bare, green and window wall/ roof tiles.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#usm_wall_mod '''usm_wall_mod''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td
Wall conductivity reduction.\\\\
Reduces conductivity of the first 2 wall layers by factor 0.1 during spinup to make larger timsteps possible.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#wall_category '''wall_category''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
2
}}}
{{{#!td
Wall category.\\\\
Default category for wall surface over pedestrian zone.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#wall_inner_temperature '''wall_inner_temperature''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
295.0
}}}
{{{#!td
Inner wall temperature.\\\\
Temperature of the inner wall surface (inside the building)(K). The value is not used in case of using indoor model.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#window_inner_temperature '''window_inner_temperature''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
295.0
}}}
{{{#!td
Inner window temperature.\\\\
Temperature of the inner window surface (inside the building)(K). The value is not used in case of using indoor model. 
}}}
|----------------