== Listing of the steering parameters in alphabetical order ==
[[TracNav(doc/app/partoc|nocollapse)]]

'''Namelist abbreviations:'''\\
The NAMELIST names used in PALM are given in brackets.

dvr:   DVR graphics ({{{&dvr_graphics_par}}})\\
ini:   initialization parameters ({{{&initialization_parameters}}})\\
lpm:   lagrangian-particle-model (particles) parameter ({{{&particle_parameters}}})\\
lsm:   land surface model parameters ({{{&land_surface_parameters}}})\\
nest:  nesting parameters ({{{&nesting_parameters}}})\\
ocean: ocean parameters ({{{&ocean_parameters}}}\\
pcm:   plant-canopy-model parameters ({{{&plant_canopy_parameters}}})\\
rrtmg: radiation model parameters ({{{&radiation_parameters}}})\\
run:   runtime parameters ({{{&runtime_parameters}}})\\
spec:  spectra parameters ({{{&spectra_parameters}}})\\
user:  user-defined parameters ({{{&user_parameters}}})\\

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
Jump to '''[#a A] [#b B] [#c C] [#d D] [#e E] [#f F] [#g G] [#h H] [#i I] J [#k K] [#l L] [#m M] [#n N] [#o O] [#p P] [#q Q] [#r R] [#s S] [#t T] [#u U] [#v V] [#w W] X [#y Y] [#z Z]'''
\\\\

||='''Parameter Name'''=||='''NAMELIST \\ Group'''=||='''[../fortrantypes FORTRAN] \\ [../fortrantypes Type]'''=||='''Default \\ Value'''=||='''Explanation'''=
|| [../parpar#aero_type aero_type] || lpm || C*15 || 'maritime' || Define a aerosol spectrum using three log-normal distributions. 
|| [../parpar#aero_weight aero_weight] || lpm || R || 1.0 || Scale the number concentration defined by aero_type. 
|| [../parpar#aerosol_bulk aerosol_bulk] || lpm || C*20 || 'nacl' || Parameter to choose the used aerosol type. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#air_dens air_dens] [=#a] || wtm || R ||1.225|| The air density (in kg/m^3^) is necessary to convert the aerodynamic torque of the rotor into a power (in W). 
|| [../radpar#albedo albedo] || rrtmg || R || 0.2 || Surface albedo. 
|| [../radpar#albedo_lw_diff albedo_lw_diff] || rrtmg || R || depends on \\ [../radpar#albedo_type albedo_type] || Surface albedo for longwave diffuse radiation for a solar angle of 60°. 
|| [../radpar#albedo_lw_dir albedo_lw_dir] || rrtmg || R || depends on \\ [../radpar#albedo_type albedo_type] || Surface albedo for longwave direct radiation for a solar angle of 60°. 
|| [../radpar#albedo_sw_diff albedo_sw_diff] || rrtmg || R || depends on \\ [../radpar#albedo_type albedo_type] || Surface albedo for shortwave diffuse radiation for a solar angle of 60°. 
|| [../radpar#albedo_sw_dir albedo_sw_dir] || rrtmg || R || depends on \\ [../radpar#albedo_type albedo_type] || Surface albedo for shortwave direct radiation for a solar angle of 60°. 
|| [../radpar#albedo_type albedo_type] || rrtmg || I ||5|| Controls the choice of the surface albedos for direct/diffuse/broadband albedo for a solar angle of 80°. 
|| [../parpar#alloc_factor alloc_factor] || lpm || R || 20.0 || Factor (in percent) describing the memory allocated additionally to the memory needed for initial particles at a given grid cell. 
|| [../canpar#alpha_lad alpha_lad] || pcm || R || 9999999.9 || Coefficient for constructing leaf area density profile. 
|| [../inipar#alpha_surface alpha_surface] || ini || R || 0.0 || Inclination of the model domain with respect to the horizontal (in degrees). 
|| [../lsmpar#alpha_vangenuchten alpha_vangenuchten] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsnpar#soil_type soil_type] || Value of the coefficient alpha for the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the parametrization after Van Genuchten 
||[../inipar#approximation approximation] || ini || C*20 || 'boussinesq' || Parameter to choose the approximation of the model equations. 
|| [../d3par#averaging_interval averaging_interval] || run || R || 0.0 || Averaging interval for all output of temporally averaged data (in s). 
|| [../d3par#averaging_interval_pr averaging_interval_pr] || run || R || value of [../d3par#averaging_interval averaging_interval] || Averaging interval for vertical profiles output to local file [../iofiles#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF] (in s). 
|| [../sppar#averaging_interval_sp averaging_interval_sp] || run || R || value of [../d3par#averaging_interval averaging_interval] || Averaging interval for spectra output to local file [../iofiles#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF] (in s). 
|| [../inipar#bc_e_b bc_e_b] [=#b] || ini || C*20 || 'neumann' || Bottom boundary condition of the TKE. 
|| [../inipar#bc_lr bc_lr] || ini || C*20 || 'cyclic' || Boundary condition along x (for all quantities). 
|| [../inipar#bc_ns bc_ns] || ini || C*20 || 'cyclic' || Boundary condition along y (for all quantities). 
|| [../inipar#bc_p_b bc_p_b] || ini || C*20 || 'neumann' || Bottom boundary condition of the perturbation pressure. 
|| [../inipar#bc_p_t bc_p_t] || ini || C*20 || 'dirichlet' || Top boundary condition of the perturbation pressure. 
|| [../parpar#bc_par_b bc_par_b] || lpm || C*15 || 'reflect' || Bottom boundary condition for particle transport. 
|| [../parpar#bc_par_lr bc_par_lr] || lpm || C*15 || 'cyclic' || Lateral boundary condition (x-direction) for particle transport. 
|| [../parpar#bc_par_ns bc_par_ns] || lpm || C*15 || 'cyclic' || Lateral boundary condition (y-direction) for particle transport. 
|| [../parpar#bc_par_t bc_par_t] || lpm || C*15 || 'absorb' || Top boundary condition for particle transport. 
|| [../inipar#bc_pt_b bc_pt_b] || ini || C*20 || 'dirichlet' || Bottom boundary condition of the potential temperature. 
|| [../inipar#bc_pt_t bc_pt_t] || ini || C*20 || 'initial_gradient' || Top boundary condition of the potential temperature. 
|| [../inipar#bc_q_b bc_q_b] || ini || C*20 || 'dirichlet' || Bottom boundary condition of the water vapor / total water mixing ratio.
|| [../inipar#bc_q_t bc_q_t] || ini || C*20 || 'neumann' || Top boundary condition of the water vapor / total water mixing ratio. 
|| [../inipar#bc_s_b bc_s_b] || ini || C*20 || 'dirichlet' || Bottom boundary condition of the scalar concentration.
|| [../inipar#bc_s_t bc_s_t] || ini || C*20 || 'neumann' || Top boundary condition of the scalar concentration.
|| [../oceanpar#bc_sa_t bc_sa_t] || ocean || C*20 || 'neumann' || Top boundary condition of the salinity.
|| [../inipar#bc_uv_b bc_uv_b] || ini || C*20 || 'dirichlet' || Bottom boundary condition of the horizontal wind components u and v. 
|| [../inipar#bc_uv_t bc_uv_t] || ini || C*20 || 'dirichlet' || Top boundary condition of the horizontal velocity components u and v. 
|| [../canpar#beta_lad beta_lad] || pcm || R || 9999999.9 || Coefficient for constructing leaf area density profile. 
|| [../oceanpar#bottom_salinityflux bottom_salinityflux] || ocean || R || 0.0 || Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s). 
|| [../inipar#building_height building_height] || ini || R || 50.0 || Height of a single building in m. 
|| [../inipar#building_length_x building_length_x] || ini || R || 50.0 || Width of a single building in m. 
|| [../inipar#building_length_y building_length_y] || ini || R || 50.0 || Depth of a single building in m. 
|| [../inipar#building_wall_left building_wall_left] || ini || R || building centered in \\ x-direction || x-coordinate of the left building wall in m. 
|| [../inipar#building_wall_south building_wall_south] || ini || R || building centered in \\ y-direction || y-coordinate of the South building wall in m. 
|| [../inipar#c_sedimentation c_sedimentation] [=#c] || ini || R || 2.0 || Courant number of sedimentation process 
|| [../lsmpar#c_surface c_surface] || lsm || R || 20000.0 || Heat capacity of the surface (skin layer) per unit of area (in J/m²/K). 
|| [../inipar#calc_soil_moisture_during_spinup calc_soil_moisture_during_spinup] || ini || L || .F. || Solve prognosic equation for soil moisture in the spinup phase. 
|| [../inipar#call_psolver_at_all_substeps call_psolver_at] \\ [../inipar#call_psolver_at_all_substeps _all_substeps] || ini || L || .T. || Switch to steer the call of the pressure solver. 
|| [../inipar#call_microphysics_at_all_substeps call_microphysics_at] \\ [../inipar#call_microphysics_at_all_substeps _all_substeps] || ini || L || .F. || Switch to steer the call of 2-moment microphysics. 
|| [../canpar#canopy_drag_coeff canopy_drag_coeff] || pcm || R || 0.0 || Drag coefficient used in the [/wiki/doc/tut/the/canopy#Canopymodel plant canopy model]. 
|| [../inipar#canopy_mode canopy_mode] || pcm || C*20 || 'block' || Canopy mode. 
|| [../inipar#canyon_height canyon_height] || ini || R || 50.0 || Street canyon height in m. 
|| [../lsmpar#canopy_resistance_coefficient canopy_resistance] \\ [../lsmpar#canopy_resistance_coefficient _coefficient] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || A coefficient (in 1/hPa) for the dependence of the canopy resistance on water vapor pressure deficit. 
|| [../inipar#canyon_width_x canyon_width_x] || ini || R || 9999999.9 || Street canyon width in x-direction in m. 
|| [../inipar#canyon_width_y canyon_width_y] || ini || R || 9999999.9 || Street canyon width in y-direction in m. 
|| [../inipar#canyon_wall_left canyon_wall_left] || ini || R || canyon centered in \\ x-direction || x-coordinate of the left canyon wall in m. 
|| [../inipar#canyon_wall_south canyon_wall_south] || ini || R || canyon centered in \\ y-direction || y-coordinate of the South canyon wall in m. 
|| [../inipar#cfl_factor cfl_factor] || ini || R || 0.1, 0.8 or 0.9 || Time step limiting factor. 
|| [../dvrpar#clip_dvrp_l clip_dvrp_l] || dvr || R || 0.0 || Left boundary of the displayed domain (in m). 
|| [../dvrpar#clip_dvrp_n clip_dvrp_n] || dvr || R || (ny + 1)*dy || North boundary of the displayed domain (in m). 
|| [../dvrpar#clip_dvrp_r clip_dvrp_r] || dvr || R || (nx + 1)*dx || Right boundary of the displayed domain (in m). 
|| [../dvrpar#clip_dvrp_s clip_dvrp_s] || dvr || R || 0.0 || South boundary of the displayed domain (in m). 
|| [../inipar#cloud_droplets cloud_droplets] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on usage of cloud droplets. 
|| [../inipar#cloud_physics cloud_physics] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the condensation scheme.
|| [../inipar#cloud_scheme cloud_scheme] || ini || C*20 || 'saturation_adjust' || Parameter to choose cloud physics scheme.
|| [../inipar#cloud_top_radiation cloud_top_radiation] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on longwave radiation cooling at cloud-tops. 
|| [../inipar#cloud_water_sedimentation cloud_water_sedimentation] || ini || L || .F. || Parameterize cloud water sedimentation in cloud physics scheme. 
|| [../dvrpar#cluster_size cluster_size] || dvr || I ||1|| Vertex cluster size for polygon reduction of topography. 
|| [../inipar#collective_wait collective_wait] || ini || L || see parameter \\ description || Set barriers in front of collective MPI operations. 
|| [../parpar#collision_kernel collision_kernel] || lpm || C*15 || 'none' || Parameter to steer cloud droplet growth by collision processes. 
|| [../inipar#collision_turbulence collision_turbulence] || ini || L || .F. || Parameterize turbulence effects on autoconversion and accretion of cloud droplets. 
|| [../dvrpar#color_interval color_interval] || dvr || R(2) || 0.0, 1.0 || Interval of values used for determining the particle color displayed in the animation. 
|| [../sppar#comp_spectra_level comp_spectra_level] || spec || I(100) || no level || Vertical level for which horizontal spectra are to be calculated and output (gridpoints). 
|| [../inipar#complex_terrain complex_terrain] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to enable simulations featuring complex topography. 
|| [../inipar#conserve_volume_flow conserve_volume_flow] || ini || L || .F. || Conservation of volume flow in x- and y-direction. 
|| [../inipar#conserve_volume_flow_mode conserve_volume] \\ [../inipar#conserve_volume_flow_mode _flow_mode] || ini || C*16 || 'default' || Modus of volume flow conservation. 
|| [../lsmpar#conserve_water_content conserve_water_content] || lsm || L || .T. || Flag parameter for the bottom boundary condition of the soil model. 
|| [../radpar#constant_albedo constant_albedo] || rrtmg || L || .F. || Parameter to fix the surface albedo. 
|| [../inipar#constant_flux_layer constant_flux_layer] || ini || L || .T. || Parameter to switch on a constant flux layer between the surface and first computational grid level. 
|| [../inipar#coupling_start_time coupling_start_time] || ini || R || 0.0 || Simulation time of a precursor run.. 
|| [../d3par#cpu_log_barrierwait cpu_log_barrierwait] || run || L || .F. || Set an MPI-barrier at the beginning of each CPU time measurement. 
|| [../d3par#create_disturbances create_disturbances] || run || L || .T. || Switch to impose random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field.
|| [../d3par#cross_profiles cross_profiles] || run || C*100(100) || see parameter \\ description || Determines which vertical profiles are to be presented in which coordinate system if the plot software '''palmplot''' is used. 
|| [../d3par#cthf cthf] || ini || R || 0.0 || Average heat flux that is prescribed at the top of the plant canopy (in K m/s). 
|| [../parpar#curvature_solution_effects curvature_solution] \\ [../parpar#curvature_solution_effects _effects] || lpm || L || .F. || Parameter to consider solution and curvature effects on the equilibrium vapor pressure of cloud droplets. 
|| [../parpar#curvature_solution_effects_bulk curvature_solution] \\ [../parpar#curvature_solution_effects_bulk _effects_bulk] || lpm || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on an activation scheme which considers curvature and solution effects of cloud droplet activation. 
|| [../inipar#cycle_mg cycle_mg] || ini || C*1 || 'w' || Type of cycle to be used with the multi-grid method. 
|| [../inipar#damp_level_1d damp_level_1d] [=#d] || ini || R || zu(nz + 1) || Height where the damping layer begins in the 1d-model (in m). 
|| [../d3par#data_output data_output] || run || C*10(100) || 100*' ' || Quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output. 
|| [../d3par#data_output_2d_on_each_pe data_output_2d_on] \\ [../d3par#data_output_2d_on_each_pe _each_pe] || run || L || .T. || Output 2d cross section data by one or all processors.
|| [../d3par#data_output_during_spinup data_output] \\ [../d3par#data_output_during_spinup _during_spinup] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter for switching on data output in the spinup phase (see spinup_time). 
|| [../d3par#data_output_masks data_output_masks] || run || C*10 \\ (max_masks, \\ 100) || max_masks*100*' ' || Quantities for which masked data are to be output. 
|| [../userpar#data_output_masks_user data_output_masks_user] || user || C*10 \\ (max_masks, \\ 100) || max_masks*100*' ' || User-defined quantities for which masked data are to be output. 
|| [../d3par#data_output_pr data_output_pr] || run || C*10(100) || 100*' ' || Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally averaged) are to be output. 
|| [../d3par#data_output_pr_user data_output_pr_user] || user || C*10(200) || 200*' ' || User defined quantities for which horizontally averaged profile data is to be output. 
||[../sppar#data_output_sp data_output_sp] || spec ||C*10(10)|| 10*' ' ||Quantities for which horizontal spectra are to be calculated and output.
|| [../userpar#data_output_user data_output_user] || user || C*10(100) || 100*' ' || User defined quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output. 
|| [../radpar#day_of_year_init day_of_year_init] || ini|| I ||172|| Day of the year at model start. 
|| [../parpar#density_ratio density_ratio] || lpm || R(10) || 0.0, 9*9999999.9 || Ratio of the density of the fluid and the density of the particles. 
|| [../parpar#dissipation_classes dissipation_classes] || lpm || I ||10|| Number of dissipation classes to be used in the collision efficiency table. 
|| [../inipar#dissipation_1d dissipation_1d] || ini || C*20 || 'detering' || Calculation method for the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model. 
|| [../d3par#disturbance_amplitude disturbance_amplitude] || run || R || 0.25 || Maximum perturbation amplitude of the random perturbations imposed to the horizontal velocity field (in m/s).
|| [../d3par#disturbance_energy_limit disturbance_energy] \\ [../d3par#disturbance_energy_limit _limit] || run || R || 0.01 || Upper limit value of the perturbation energy of the velocity field used as a criterion for imposing random perturbations (in m^2^/s^2^). 
|| [../d3par#disturbance_level_b disturbance_level_b] || run || R || zu(3) or zu(nz*2/3) || Lower limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal wind field (in m). 
|| [../d3par#disturbance_level_t disturbance_level_t] || run || R || zu(nz/3) or zu(nzt-3) || Upper limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal wind field (in m). 
|| [../nestpar#domain_layouts domain_layouts] || nest || derived TYPE pmc_layout(64) || None || General information about the nested domains to be used. 
|| [../d3par#do2d_at_begin do2d_at_begin] || run || L || .F. || Output 2d cross section data by one or all processors. 
|| [../d3par#do3d_at_begin do3d_at_begin] || run || L || .F. || Output of 3d volume data at the beginning of a run. 
|| [../inipar#dp_external dp_external] || run || L || .F. || External pressure gradient switch. 
|| [../inipar#dp_smooth dp_smooth] || run || L || .F. || Vertically smooth the external pressure gradient using a sinusoidal smoothing function. 
|| [../inipar#dp_level_b dp_level_b] || run || R || 0.0 || Lower limit of the vertical range for which the external pressure gradient is applied (in m). 
|| [../inipar#dpdxy dpdxy] || run || R(2) || 2*0.0 || Values of the external pressure gradient applied in x- and y-direction, respectively (in Pa/m). 
|| [../inipar#dry_aerosol_radius dry_aerosol_radius] || ini || R || 0.05E-6 || The mean geometric radius of the dry aerosol spectrum. 
|| [../d3par#dt dt] || run || R || variable || Time step for the 3d-model (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_averaging_input dt_averaging_input] || run || R || 0.0 || Temporal interval of data which are subject to temporal averaging (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_averaging_input_pr dt_averaging] \\ [../d3par#dt_averaging_input_pr _input_pr] || run || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_averaging_input dt_averaging_input] || Temporal interval of data which are subject to temporal averaging of vertical profiles and/or spectra (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_coupling dt_coupling] || run || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of runs with coupled models (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || run || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval at which data (3d volume data, cross sections, vertical profiles, spectra) shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_data_output_av dt_data_output_av] || run || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which time averaged 3d volume data and/or 2d cross section data shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_disturb dt_disturb] || run || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval at which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_domask dt_domask] || run || R \\ (max_masks) || max_masks * value \\ of [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which instantaneous masked data shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_dopr dt_dopr] || run || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which data of vertical profiles shall be output (to local file [../iofiles#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF] (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_dopr_listing dt_dopr_listing] || run || R || 9999999.9 ||Temporal interval at which data of vertical profiles shall be output (output for printouts, local file [../iofiles#LIST_PROFIL LIST_PROFIL]) (in s).
|| [../d3par#dt_dopts dt_dopts] || lpm || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which time series data of particle quantities shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_dosp dt_dosp] || spec || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which spectra data shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_dots dt_dots] || run || R || see parameter \\ description || Temporal interval at which time series data shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_do2d_xy dt_do2d_xy] || run || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which horizontal cross section data shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_do2d_xz dt_do2d_xz] || run || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which vertical cross section data (xz) shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_do2d_yz dt_do2d_yz] || run || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which vertical cross section data (yz) shall be output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_do3d dt_do3d] || run || R || value of \\ [../d3par#dt_data_output dt_data_output] || Temporal interval at which 3d volume data shall be output (in s). 
|| [../dvrpar#dt_dvrp dt_dvrp] || dvr || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval of scenes to be displayed with the dvrp software (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_max dt_max] || run || R || 20.0 || Maximum allowed value of the timestep (in s). 
|| [../parpar#dt_min_part dt_min_part] || lpm || R || 0.0002 || Minimum value for the particle timestep when SGS velocities are used (in s). 
|| [../parpar#dt_prel dt_prel] || lpm || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval at which particles are to be released from a particle source (in s). 
|| [../inipar#dt_pr_1d dt_pr_1d] || ini || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model (in s). 
|| [../radpar#dt_radiation dt_radiation] || rrtmg || R || 0.0 || Time step of the radiation model (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_restart dt_restart] || run || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval at which a new restart run is to be carried out (in s). 
|| [../d3par#dt_run_control dt_run_control] || run || R || 60.0 || Temporal interval at which run control output is to be made (in s). 
|| [../inipar#dt_run_control_1d dt_run_control_1d] || ini || R || 60.0 || Temporal interval of runtime control output of the 1d-model (in s). 
|| [../parpar#dt_spinup dt_spinup] || ini || R || 60.0 || Time step during integration of the land surface, urban surface, and radiation models during the spinup phase.
|| [../parpar#dt_write_particle_data dt_write_particle] \\ [../parpar#dt_write_particle_data _data] || lpm || R || 9999999.9 || Temporal interval for output of particle data (in s). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#dtow dtow] || wtm || R(100) || none || Diameter of the tower of the wind turbine used below the rotor. This parameter has to be non-zero if a tower should be included. The parameter needs to be specified for every turbine separately. 
|| [../dvrpar#dvrp_directory dvrp_directory] || dvr || C*80 || 'default' || Name of the directory into which data created by the dvrp software shall be saved. 
|| [../dvrpar#dvrp_file dvrp_file] || dvr || C*80 || 'default' || Name of the file into which data created by the dvrp software shall be output. 
|| [../dvrpar#dvrp_host dvrp_host] || dvr || C*80 || 'origin.rvs. \\ uni-hannover.de' || Name of the computer to which data created by the dvrp software shall be transferred. 
|| [../dvrpar#dvrp_output dvrp_output] || dvr || C*10 || 'rtsp' || Output mode for the dvrp software. 
|| [../dvrpar#dvrp_password dvrp_password] || dvr || C*80 || '********' || Password for the computer to which data created by the dvrp software is to be transferred. 
|| [../dvrpar#dvrpsize_interval dvrpsize_interval] || dvr || R(2) || 0.0, 1.0 || Interval of values used for determining the particle size displayed in the animation. 
|| [../dvrpar#dvrp_username dvrp_username] || dvr || C*80 || no default value || Username of a valid account on the computer to which data created by the dvrp software is to be transferred. 
|| [../inipar#dx dx] || ini || R || 1.0 || Horizontal grid spacing along the x-direction (in m). 
|| [../inipar#dy dy] || ini || R || 1.0 || Horizontal grid spacing along the y-direction (in m). 
|| [../inipar#dz dz] || ini || R || no default value || Vertical grid spacing (in m). 
|| [../inipar#dz_max dz_max] || ini || R || 9999999.9 || Allowed maximum vertical grid spacing (in m). 
|| [../inipar#dz_stretch_factor dz_stretch_factor] || ini || R || 1.08 || Stretch factor for a vertically stretched grid (see [../inipar#dz_stretch_level dz_stretch_level]). 
|| [../inipar#dz_stretch_level dz_stretch_level] || ini || R || 100000.0 || Height level above/below which the grid is to be stretched vertically (in m). 
|| [../inipar#e_init e_init] [=#e] || ini || R || 0.0 || Initial TKE in m^2^s^-2^. 
|| [../inipar#e_min e_min] || ini || R || 0.0 || Minimum TKE in m^2^s^-2^. 
|| [../radpar#emissivity emissivity] || rrtmg || R || 0.95 || Surface emissivity (0-1). 
|| [../d3par#end_time end_time] || run || R || 0.0 || Simulation time of the 3D model (in s). 
|| [../parpar#end_time_prel end_time_prel] || lpm || R || 9999999.9 || Time of the last release of particles (in s). 
|| [../inipar#end_time_1d end_time_1d] || ini || R || 864000.0 || Time to be simulated for the 1D-model (in s). 
|| [../inipar#ensemble_member_nr ensemble_member_nr] || ini || I ||0|| Number of statistically independent members of a simulation. 
|| [../lsmpar#f_shortwave f_shortwave_incoming] [=#f] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Fraction of the net shortwave radiation that is transmitted directly to the top soil layer. 
|| [../lsmpar#field_capacity field_capacity] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#soil_type soil_type] || Soil moisture at field capacity (in m³/m³). 
|| [../inipar#fft_method fft_method]|| ini || C*20 || 'system specific' || FFT-method to be used. 
|| [../inipar#flux_input_mode flux_input_mode] || ini || C*40 || 'approximation-specific' || Parameter to choose the flux unit for input data. 
|| [../inipar#flux_output_mode flux_output_mode] || ini || C*40 || 'approximation-specific' || Parameter to choose the flux unit for outputdata. 
|| [../d3par#force_print_header force_print_header] || run || L || .F. || Steering of header output to the local file [../iofiles#RUN_CONTROL RUN_CONTROL]. 
|| [../inipar#galilei_transformation galilei_transformation] [=#g] || ini || L || .F. || Application of a Galilei-transformation to the coordinate system of the model. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#gear_eff gear_eff] || wtm || R || 1.0 || Efficiency of the gear: Loss between rotor and generator. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#gear_ratio gear_ratio] || wtm || R || 97.0 || Gear ratio from rotor to generator. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#gen_eff gen_eff] || wtm || R || 0.944 || Electric efficiency of the generator. 
|| [../dvrpar#groundplate_color groundplate_color] || dvr || R(3) || 0.0, 0.6, 0.0 || Color of the ground plate. 
|| [../inipar#humidity humidity] [=#h] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the prognostic equation for water vapor mixing ratio q. 
|| [../lsmpar#hydraulic_conductivity hydraulic_conductivity] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Hydraulic conductivity of the soil at saturation (in m/s). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#inertia_gen inertia_gen] [=#i] || wtm || R ||534.116|| Inertia of the generator (in kg/m^2^). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#inertia_rot inertia_rot] || wtm || R || 34784179.0 || Inertia of the rotor (in kg/m^2). 
|| [../inipar#inflow_damping_height inflow_damping_height] || ini || R || from precursor run || Height below which the turbulence signal is used for turbulence recycling (in m). 
|| [../inipar#inflow_damping_width inflow_damping_width] || ini || R || 0.1* [../inipar#inflow_damping_height inflow] \\ [../inipar#inflow_damping_height _damping_height] || Transition range within which the turbulence signal is damped to zero (in m). 
|| [../inipar#inflow_disturbance_begin inflow_disturbance] \\ [../inipar#inflow_disturbance_begin _begin] || ini || I || MIN(10, nx/2 or ny/2) || Lower limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints). 
|| [../inipar#inflow_disturbance_end inflow_disturbance] \\ [../inipar#inflow_disturbance_end _end] || ini || I || MIN(100, 3/4*nx or 3/4*ny) || Upper limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints). 
|| [../inipar#initializing_actions initializing_actions] || ini || C*100 || no default value || Initialization actions to be carried out. 
|| [../parpar#initial_weighting_factor initial_weighting] \\ [../parpar#initial_weighting_factor _factor] || lpm || R || 1.0 || Factor to define the real number of initial droplets in a grid cell. 
|| [../dvrpar#isosurface_color isosurface_color] || lpm || R(3,10) || 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 \\ 0.8, 0.1, 0.1 \\ ... || Color of the isosurface(s). 
|| [../inipar#km_constant km_constant] [=#k] || ini || R || variable (computed \\ from TKE) || Constant eddy diffusivities are used (laminar simulations). 
|| [../inipar#km_damp_max km_damp_max] || ini || R || 0.5*(dx or dy) || Maximum diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow (in m^2^/s). 
|| [../lsmpar#l_vangenuchten l_vangenuchten] [=#l] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#soil_type soil_type] || Value of the coefficient l for the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the parametrization after Van Genuchten. 
|| [../inipar#lad_surface lad_surface]|| pcm || R || 0.0 || Surface value of the leaf area density (in m^2^/m^3^). 
|| [../inipar#lad_vertical_gradient lad_vertical_gradient] || pcm || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Gradient(s) of the leaf area density (in m^2^/m^4^). 
|| [../inipar#lad_vertical_gradient_level lad_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#lad_vertical_gradient_level _level] || pcm || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the gradient of the leaf area density defined by [../inipar#lad_vertical_gradient lad_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../canpar#lai_beta lai_beta] || pcm || R || 0.0 || Leaf area index needed for construction of leaf area density profile. 
||[../lsmpar#lambda_surface_stable lambda_surface_stable ] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Heat conductivity (between atmosphere and soil) (in W/m²/K) in case of stable stratification. 
||[../lsmpar#lambda_surface_unstable lambda_surface_unstable ] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Heat conductivity (between atmosphere and soil) (in W/m²/K) in case of unstable stratification. 
|| [../inipar#large_scale_forcing large_scale_forcing] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the use of large-scale forcing information from an external file.
|| [../inipar#large_scale_subsidence large_scale_subsidence] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the use of large scale subsidence/ascent.
|| [../inipar#latitude latitude] || ini || R || 55.0 || Geographical latitude (in degrees). 
|| [../lsmpar#leaf_area_index leaf_area_index] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Leaf area index of the canopy (in m²/m²). 
|| [../canpar#leaf_scalar_exch_coeff leaf_scalar_exch_coeff] || pcm || R || 0.0 || Scalar exchange coefficient for a leaf (dimensionless). 
|| [../canpar#leaf_surface_conc leaf_surface_conc] || pcm || R || 0.0 || Concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a leaf (in kg/m^3^). 
|| [../inipar#limiter_sedimentation limiter_sedimentation] || ini || L || .T. || Use limiter in raindrop sedimentation process. 
|| [../parpar#log_sigma log_sigma] [=#s] || lpm || R(3) || 2.0 || Parameters of initial aerosol spectrum. 
|| [../inipar#longitude longitude] || ini || R || 0.0 || Geographical longitude (in degrees). 
|| [../inipar#loop_optimization loop_optimization] || ini || C*16 || 'cache' || Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations. 
|| [../inipar#lsf_exception lsf_exception] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to explicitly allow large-scale forcing in case of topography /= 'flat' .
|| [../radpar#lw_radiation lw_radiation] || rrtmg || L || .T. || Parameter to switch on/off longwave radiation. 
|| [../inipar#masking_method masking_method] [=#m] || ini || L || .F. || Switch for topography boundary conditions in multigrid solver. 
|| [../d3par#mask_scale_x mask_scale_x] || run || R || 1.0 || Scaling length for masked data output along x-direction. 
|| [../d3par#mask_scale_y mask_scale_y] || run || R || 1.0 || Scaling length for masked data output along y-direction. 
|| [../d3par#mask_scale_z mask_scale_z] || run || R || 1.0 || Scaling length for masked data output along z-direction. 
|| [../d3par#mask_x mask_x] || run || R \\ (max_masks, \\ 100) || max_masks*100*-1.0 || All x-coordinates of mask positions (in multiples of [../d3par#mask_scale_x mask_scale_x]). 
|| [../d3par#mask_y mask_y] || run || R \\ (max_masks, \\ 100) || max_masks*100*-1.0 || All y-coordinates of mask positions (in multiples of [../d3par#mask_scale_y mask_scale_y]). 
|| [../d3par#mask_z mask_z] || run || R \\ (max_masks, \\ 100) || max_masks*100*-1.0 || All z-coordinates of mask positions (in multiples of [../d3par#mask_scale_z mask_scale_z]). 
|| [../d3par#mask_x_loop mask_x_loop] || run || R \\ (max_masks, \\ 3) || max_masks*100* \\ (/-1.0,-1.0,-1.0/) || Loop begin, end and stride for x-coordinates of mask locations for masks (in multiples of [../d3par#mask_scale_x mask_scale_x]). 
|| [../d3par#mask_y_loop mask_y_loop] || run || R \\ (max_masks, \\ 3) || max_masks*100* \\ (/-1.0,-1.0,-1.0/) || Loop begin, end and stride for y-coordinates of mask locations for masks (in multiples of [../d3par#mask_scale_y mask_scale_y]). 
|| [../d3par#mask_z_loop mask_z_loop] || run || R \\ (max_masks, \\ 3) || max_masks*100* \\ (/-1.0,-1.0,-1.0/) || Loop begin, end and stride for z-coordinates of mask locations for masks (in multiples of [../d3par#mask_scale_z mask_scale_z]). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#max_miss max_miss] || wtm || R || 0.08726 || Maximum tolerated yaw misalignment (in rad). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#max_torque_gen max_torque_gen] || wtm || R || 47402.91 || Maximum Torque of the generator (in Nm). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#max_trq_rate max_trq_rate] || wtm || R || 15000.0 || Maximum generator torque rate (in Nm/s). 
|| [../inipar#mg_cycles mg_cycles] || ini || I ||-1|| Number of cycles to be used with the multigrid scheme. 
|| [../inipar#mg_switch_to_pe0_level mg_switch_to] \\ [../inipar#mg_switch_to_pe0_level _pe0_level] || ini || I || see parameter \\ description || Grid level at which data shall be gathered on PE0. 
|| [../lsmpar#min_canopy_resistance min_canopy_resistance] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Minimum canopy (i.e., stomatal) resistance (in s/m). 
|| [../parpar#min_nr_particles min_nr_particles] || lpm || I ||50|| Minimum number of particles for which memory is allocated at every grid cell. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#min_miss min_miss] || wtm || R || 0.008726 || Minimum yaw misalignment for which the actuator stops (in rad). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#min_reg15 min_reg15] || wtm || R ||7.016.224|| Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 (in rad/s). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#min_reg2 min_reg2] || wtm || R ||9.121.091|| Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]. 
|| [../lsmpar#min_soil_resistance min_soil_resistance] || lsm || R || 50.0 || Minimum soil resistance (in s/m). 
|| [../inipar#mixing_length_1d mixing_length_1d] || ini || C*20 || 'blackadar' || Mixing length used in the 1d-model. 
|| [../dvrpar#mode_dvrp mode_dvrp] || dvr || C*20(10) || 10*' ' || Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles) which are to be created by the dvrp software. 
|| [../inipar#momentum_advec momentum_advec] || ini || C*10 || 'pw-scheme' || Advection scheme to be used for the momentum equations. 
|| [../inipar#most_method most_method] || ini || C*8 || 'newton' || Parameter that defines how the Obukhov length is calculated when a constant_flux_layer is switched on. 
|| [../lsmpar#n_vangenuchten n_vangenuchten] [=#n] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#soil_type soil_type] || Value of the coefficient n for the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the parametrization after Van Genuchten. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#nairfoils nairfoils] || wtm || I ||8|| Number of airfoils of the used turbine model. 
|| [../inipar#nc_const nc_const] || ini || R || 70.0E6 || Cloud droplet number density (in m-3). 
|| [../parpar#na na] || lpm || R(3) || 100.0 || Parameters of initial aerosol spectrum. 
|| [../inipar#na_init na_init] || ini || R || 100.0E6 || Background dry aerosol concentration. 
|| [../nestpar#nesting_datatransfer_mode nesting_datatransfer_mode] || nest || C*7 || 'mixed' || Type of nesting data transfer mode. 
|| [../nestpar#nesting_mode nesting_mode] || nest || C*7 || 'two-way' || Type of nesting mode. 
|| [../radpar#net_radiation net_radiation] || rrtmg || R || 0.0 || Net radiation at the surface (in W/m^2). 
|| [../d3par#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format]|| run || I ||2|| Data format for netCDF files. 
|| [../d3par#netcdf_deflate netcdf_deflate] || run || I ||0|| Data compression level for NetCDF4/HDF5 format. 
|| [../d3par#netcdf_precision netcdf_precision] || ini || C*20(10) || single precision for \\ all output quantities || Defines the accuracy of the netCDF output. 
|| [../inipar#neutral neutral] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch off calculation of temperature equation. 
|| [../inipar#ngsrb ngsrb] || ini || I ||2|| Number of Gauss-Seidel iterations to be carried out on each grid level of the multigrid Poisson solver. 
|| [../d3par#normalizing_region normalizing_region] || run || I ||0|| Determines the subdomain from which the normalization quantities are calculated. 
|| [../d3par#npex npex] || run || I || no default value || Number of processors along x-direction of the virtual processor net. 
|| [../d3par#npey npey] || run || I || no default value || Number of processors along y-direction of the virtual processor net. 
|| [../inipar#nsor nsor] || run || I ||20|| Number of iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme. 
|| [../inipar#nsor_ini nsor_ini] || ini || I ||100|| Initial number of iterations with the SOR algorithm. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#nturbines nturbines] || wtm || I ||1|| Number of the turbines to be included. Maximum is 100.
|| [../inipar#nudging nudging] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on nudging with data from larger scale models or from measurements.
|| [../parpar#number_concentration number_concentration] || lpm || R || -1.0 || Initial particle number concentration. 
|| [../parpar#number_of_particle_groups number_of] \\ [../parpar#number_of_particle_groups _particle_groups] || lpm || I ||-1|| Number of particle groups to be used. 
|| [../parpar#number_particles_per_gridbox number_particles] \\ [../parpar#number_particles_per_gridbox _per_gridbox] || lpm || I ||1|| Number of created particles per gridbox. 
|| [../inipar#nx nx] || ini || I || no default value || Number of grid points in x-direction. 
|| [../inipar#ny ny] || ini || I || no default value || Number of grid points in y-direction. 
|| [../inipar#nz nz] || ini || I || no default value || Number of grid points in z-direction. 
|| [../d3par#nz_do3d nz_do3d] || ini || I || nz + 1 || Limits the output of 3d volume data along the vertical direction (grid point index k). 
|| [../inipar#ocean ocean] [=#o] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on ocean runs. 
|| [../inipar#omega omega] || ini || R ||7,29E+00|| Angular velocity of the rotating system (in rad s^-1^). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#omega_rot omega_rot] || wtm || R(100) || 0.0 || Initial rotational speed for each turbine (in rad s^-1^). 
|| [../inipar#omega_sor omega_sor] || ini || R || 1.8 || Convergence factor to be used with the SOR-scheme. 
|| [../inipar#outflow_source_plane outflow_source] \\ [../inipar#outflow_source_plane _plane] || ini || R |||| Position of the vertical source plane from where instantaneous values of u, v, w, pt, q, s, and e are copied to the outflow boundary. 
|| [../parpar#particles_per_point particles_per_point] [=#p] || lpm || I ||1|| Number of particles to be started per point. 
|| [../parpar#particle_advection_start particle_advection] \\ [../parpar#particle_advection_start _start] || lpm || R || 0.0 || Time of the first release of particles (in s). 
|| [../parpar#particle_color particle_color] || dvr || C*10 || 'none' || Parameter, which allows bi the displayed particle color to certain flow quantities. 
|| [../parpar#particle_dvrpsize particle_dvrpsize] || dvr || C*10 || 'none' || Parameter, which allows binding the displayed particle size to certain flow quantities. 
|| [../parpar#particle_maximum_age particle_maximum] \\ [../parpar#particle_maximum_age _age] || lpm || R || 9999999.9 || Maximum allowed age of particles (in s). 
|| [../inipar#passive_scalar passive_scalar] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the prognostic equation for a passive scalar. 
|| [../lsmpar#pave_depth pave_depth] || lsm || R || 0.0 || Depth of the paved surface. 
|| [../lsmpar#pave_heat_capacity pave_heat_capacity] || lsm || R || 1.94E6 || Heat capacity of the pavement. 
|| [../lsmpar#pave_heat_conductivity pave_heat_conductivity] || lsm || R || 1.0 || Heat conductivity of the pavement. 
|| [../canpar#pch_index pch_index] || pcm || I ||0|| Grid point index (w-grid) of the upper boundary of the plant canopy layer. 
|| [../parpar#pdx pdx] || lpm || R(10) || 10*dx || Distance along x between particles within a particle source (in m). 
|| [../parpar#pdy pdy] || lpm || R(10) || 10*dy || Distance along y between particles within a particle source (in m). 
|| [../parpar#pdz pdz] || lpm || R(10) || 10*(zu(2) - zu(1)) || Distance along z between particles within a particle source (in m). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#phi_yaw phi_yaw] || wtm || R(100) || none || Yaw angle for each turbine in degrees. A positive yaw means a rotation of the rotor in clockwise direction within the xy-plane. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#pitch_add pitch_add] || wtm || R(100) || 0.0 || Pitch angle for a constant pitch angle (in degrees). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#pitch_control pitch_control] || wtm || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the pitch control. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#pitch_rate pitch_rate] || wtm || R || 8.0 || Maximum pitch rate (in degree/s). 
|| [../sppar#plot_spectra_level plot_spectra_level] || spec || I(100) || No level || Vertical level(s) for which horizontal spectra are to be plotted (in grid points). 
|| [../inipar#prandtl_number prandtl_number] || ini || R || 1.0 || Ratio of the eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat (K,,m,,/K,,h,,). 
|| [../d3par#precipitation_amount_interval precipitation_amount] \\ [../d3par#precipitation_amount_interval _interval] || run || R || value of [../d3par#dt_do2d_xy dt_do2d_xy] || Temporal interval for which the precipitation amount (in mm) shall be calculated and output (in s). 
|| [../d3par#profile_columns profile_columns] || run || I ||3|| Number of coordinate systems to be plotted in one row by plot software '''palmplot'''. 
|| [../d3par#profile_rows profile_rows] || run || I ||2|| Number of rows of coordinate systems to be plotted on one page by plot software '''palmplot'''. 
|| [../parpar#psb psb] || lpm || R(10) || 10*zu(nz/2) || Bottom edge of a particle source (in m). 
|| [../parpar#psl psl] || lpm || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Left edge of a particle source (in m). 
|| [../parpar#psn psn] || lpm || R(10) || 10*(ny*dy) || Rear ("north") edge of a particle source (in m). 
|| [../inipar#psolver psolver] || ini || C*10 || 'poisfft' || Scheme to be used to solve the Poisson equation for the perturbation pressure. 
|| [../parpar#psr psr] || lpm || R(10) || 10*(nx*dx) || Right edge of a particle source (in m). 
|| [../parpar#pss pss] || lpm || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Front ("south") edge of a particle source (in m). 
|| [../parpar#pst pst] || lpm || R(10) || 10*zu(nz/2) || Top edge of a particle source (in m). 
|| [../inipar#pt_damping_factor pt_damping_factor] || ini || R || 0.0 || Factor for damping the potential temperature. 
|| [../inipar#pt_damping_width pt_damping_width] || ini || R || 0.0 || Width of the damping domain of the potential temperature (in m). 
|| [../inipar#pt_reference pt_reference] || ini || R || value of [../inipar#pt_surface pt_surface] || Reference temperature to be used in the buoyancy term (in K). 
|| [../inipar#pt_surface pt_surface] || ini || R || 300.0 || Surface potential temperature (in K). 
|| [../inipar#pt_surface_initial_change pt_surface_initial] \\ [../inipar#pt_surface_initial_change _change] || ini || R || 0.0 || Change in surface temperature to be made at the beginning of the 3d run (in K). 
|| [../inipar#pt_vertical_gradient pt_vertical_gradient] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Temperature gradient(s) of the initial temperature profile (in K / 100 m). 
|| [../inipar#pt_vertical_gradient_level pt_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#pt_vertical_gradient_level _level] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the temperature gradient defined by [../inipar#pt_vertical_gradient pt_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../inipar#q_surface q_surface] [=#q] || ini || R || 0.0 || Surface water vapor / total water mixing ratio (kg/kg). 
|| [../inipar#q_surface_initial_change q_surface_initial] \\ [../inipar#q_surface_initial_change _change] || ini || R || 0.0 || Change in surface water vapor / total water mixing ratio to be made at the beginning of the 3d run (kg/kg). 
|| [../inipar#q_vertical_gradient q_vertical_gradient] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Humidity gradient(s) of the initial humidity profile (in 1/100 m). 
|| [../inipar#q_vertical_gradient_level q_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#q_vertical_gradient_level _level] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the humidity gradient defined by [../inipar#q_vertical_gradient q_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../parpar#rm rm][=#r] || lpm || R(3) || 0.05E-6 || Parameters of initial aerosol spectrum. 
|| [../inipar#radiation radiation]|| ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on longwave radiation cooling at cloud-tops. 
|| [../radpar#radiation_scheme radiation_scheme] || rrtmg || C*10 || 'clear-sky' || Radiation scheme to be used. 
|| [../parpar#radius radius] || lpm || R(10) || 0.0, 9* \\ 9999999.9 || Particle radius (in m). 
|| [../parpar#radius_classes radius_classes] || lpm || I ||20|| Number of radius classes to be used in the collision efficiency table. 
|| [../inipar#random_generator random_generator] || ini || C*20 || 'random-parallel' || Random number generator to be used for creating uniformly distributed random numbers. 
|| [../inipar#random_heatflux random_heatflux] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to impose random perturbations on the internal two-dimensional near surface heat flux field ''shf.'' 
|| [../parpar#random_start_position random_start_position] || lpm || L || .F. || Initial position of the particles is varied randomly within certain limits. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#rated_genspeed rated_genspeed] || wtm || R ||1.216.805|| Rated generator speed (in rad/s). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#rated_power rated_power] || wtm || R || 5296610.0 || Rated power of the wind turbine (in W). 
|| [../inipar#rayleigh_damping_factor rayleigh_damping] \\ [../inipar#rayleigh_damping_factor _factor] || ini || R || 0.0 and/or 0.01 || Factor for Rayleigh damping. 
|| [../inipar#rayleigh_damping_height rayleigh_damping] \\ [../inipar#rayleigh_damping_height _height] || ini || R || 2/3*zu(nz) || Height where the Rayleigh damping starts (in m). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#rcx rcx] || wtm || R(100) || none || Longitudinal position of the rotor center (in m). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#rcy rcy] || wtm || R(100) || none || Lateral position of the rotor center (in m). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#rcz rcz] || wtm || R(100) || none || Vertical position of the rotor center (in m). This represents the hub height of the turbine. 
|| [../parpar#read_particles_from_restartfile read_particles_from] \\ [../parpar#read_particles_from_restartfile _restartfile] || lpm || L || .T. || Read particle data from the previous run. 
|| [../inipar#recycling_width recycling_width] || ini || R || 0.1*[../inipar#nx nx]*[../inipar#dx dx] || Distance of the recycling plane from the inflow boundary (in m). 
|| [../inipar#recycling_yshift recycling_yshift] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on a y-shift for the recycled inflow turbulence. 
|| [../inipar#reference_state reference_state] || ini || C*20 || '' 'initial_profile' '' || Defines what is used as reference state in the buoyancy term. 
|| [../userpar#region region] || user || C*40(0:9) |||| Name(s) of the subdomain(s) defined by the user. 
|| [../inipar#residual_limit residual_limit] || ini || R || 1.0E-6 || Largest residual permitted for the multigrid scheme (in s^-2^m^-3^). 
|| [../lsmpar#residual_moisture residual_moisture] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#soil_type soil_type] || Residual soil moisture content (in m³/m³). 
|| [../d3par#restart_time restart_time] || run || R || 9999999.9 || Simulated time after which a restart run is to be carried out (in s). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#rnac rnac] || wtm || R(100) || none || Radius of the nacelle for each turbine (in m). This parameter has to be non-zero if the nacelle should be included. 
|| [../lsmpar#root_fraction root_fraction] || lsm || R(4) || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Root distribution over the four soil layers. 
|| [../inipar#roughness_length roughness_length] || ini || R || 0.1 || Roughness length (in m). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#rr rr] || wtm || R(100) ||63|| Radius of the rotor (in m). 
|| [../inipar#s_surface s_surface] [=#s] || ini || R || 0.0 || Surface value of the passive scalar (in kg/m^3^). 
|| [../inipar#s_surface_initial_change s_surface_initial] \\ [../inipar#s_surface_initial_change _change] || ini || R || 0.0 || Change in surface scalar concentration to be made at the beginning of the 3d run (in kg/m^3^). 
|| [../inipar#s_vertical_gradient s_vertical_gradient] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Scalar concentration gradient(s) of the initial scalar concentration profile (in kg/m^3^ / 100 m). 
|| [../inipar#s_vertical_gradient_level s_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#s_vertical_gradient_level _level] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the scalar gradient defined by [../inipar#s_vertical_gradient s_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../oceanpar#salinity salinity] || ocean || L || .T. || Parameter to switch on/off calculation of salinity equation. 
|| [../oceanpar#sa_surface sa_surface] || ocean || R || 35.0 || Surface salinity (in psu). 
|| [../oceanpar#sa_vertical_gradient sa_vertical_gradient] || ocean || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Salinity gradient(s) of the initial salinity profile (in psu / 100 m). 
|| [../oceanpar#sa_vertical_gradient_level sa_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#sa_vertical_gradient_level _level] || ocean || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the salinity gradient defined by [../oceanpar#sa_vertical_gradient sa_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../lsmpar#saturation_moisture saturation_moisture] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#soil_type soil_type] || Soil moisture at saturation (in m³/m³). 
|| [../inipar#scalar_advec scalar_advec] || ini || C*10 || 'pw-scheme' || Advection scheme to be used for the scalar quantities. 
|| [../inipar#scalar_rayleigh_damping scalar_rayleigh] \\ [../inipar#scalar_rayleigh_damping _damping] || ini || L || .T. || Application of Rayleigh damping to scalars. 
|| [../d3par#section_xy section_xy] || run || I(100) || no section || Position of cross section(s) for output of 2d horizontal cross sections (grid point index k). 
|| [../d3par#section_xz section_xz] || run || I(100) || no section || Position of cross section(s) for output of 2d (xz) vertical cross sections (grid point index j). 
|| [../d3par#section_yz section_yz] || run || I(100) || no section || Position of cross section(s) for output of 2d (yz) vertical cross sections (grid point index i). 
|| [../parpar#seed_follows_topography seed_follows_topography] || lpm || L || .F. || Heights of initial particles are interpreted relative to the given topography. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#segment_length segment_length] || wtm || R || 1.0 || Length of each rotor segment the rotor area is divided into, in tangential direction, as factor of the grid spacing. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#segment_width segment_width] || wtm || R || 0.5 || Length of each rotor segment the rotor area is divided into, in radial direction, as factor of the grid spacing. 
|| [../inipar#sigma_bulk sigma_bulk] || ini || R || 2.0 || The dispersion of the dry aerosol spectrum. 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] || run || R || 0.0 || No data output before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_data_output_av skip_time_data] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output_av _output_av] || run || R || value of [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output _data_output] || No output of temporally averaged 2d/3d data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../lsmpar#skip_time_do_lsm skip_time_do_lsm] || lsm || R || 0.0 || Time after which the land surface model is switched on. 
|| [../radpar#skip_time_do_radiation skip_time_do_radiation] || rrtmg || R || 0.0 || Time after which the radiation model is switched on. 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_domask skip_time_domask] || run || R \\ (max_masks) || max_masks*0.0 || No output of masked data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_dopr skip_time_dopr] || run || R || value of [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output _data_output] || No output of vertical profile data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../sppar#skip_time_dosp skip_time_dosp] || spec || R || value of [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output _data_output] || No output of spectra data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_do2d_xy skip_time_do2d_xy] || run || R || value of [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output _data_output] || No output of instantaneous horizontal cross section data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_do2d_xz skip_time_do2d_xz] || run || R || value of [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output _data_output] || No output of instantaneous vertical (xz) cross section data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_do2d_yz skip_time_do2d_yz] || run || R || value of [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output _data_output] || No output of instantaneous vertical (yz) cross section data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../d3par#skip_time_do3d skip_time_do3d] || run || R || value of [../d3par#skip_time_data_output skip_time] \\ [../d3par#skip_time_data_output _data_output] || No output of instantaneous 3d volume data before this interval has passed (in s). 
|| [../dvrpar#slicer_range_limits_dvrp slicer_range] \\ [../dvrpar#slicer_range_limits_dvrp _limits_dvrp] || dvr || R(2,10) || 10*(-1,1) || Ranges of values to which a color table has to be mapped (units of the respective quantity). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#slope2 slope2] || wtm || R ||2.332.287|| Slope constant for region 2. 
|| [../lsmpar#soil_moisture soil_moisture] || lsm || R(4) || 4*0.0 || Soil moisture distribution over the four soil layers. 
|| [../lsmpar#soil_temperature soil_temperature] || lsm || R(5) || see description || Soil temperature distribution over the four soil layers (in K). 
|| [../lsmpar#soil_type soil_type] || lsm || I ||3|| Soil type to be used in the soil model. 
|| [../sppar#spectra_direction spectra_direction] || spec || C*2(10) || 10*' ' || Direction(s) along which spectra are to be calculated. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#speed_control speed_control] || wtm || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the speed control. 
|| [../inipar#spinup_pt_amplitude spinup_pt_amplitude] || ini || R || 0.0 || Representative amplitude of the diurnal near-surface temperature variation during the spinup phase. 
|| [../inipar#spinup_pt_mean spinup_pt_mean] || ini || R || [value of] [pt_surface] || Mean near-surface air temperature during the spinup phase (see spinup_time). 
|| [../inipar#spinup_time spinup_time] || ini || R || 0.0 || Parameter for steering of the spinup time. 
|| [../inipar#statistic_regions statistic_regions] || ini || I ||0|| Number of additional user-defined subdomains for which statistical analysis and corresponding output (profiles, time series) shall be made. 
|| [../oceanpar#stokes_waveheight stokes_waveheight] || ocean || R || 0.0 || Parameter to switch on and set the effects of Langmuir circulation in PALM's ocean mode.
|| [../oceanpar#stokes_wavelength stokes_wavelength] || ocean || R || 0.0 || Parameter to switch on and set the effects of Langmuir circulation in PALM's ocean mode.
|| [../inipar#subs_vertical_gradient subs_vertical_gradient] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Gradient(s) of the profile for the large scale subsidence/ascent velocity (in (m/s) / 100 m). 
|| [../inipar#subs_vertical_gradient_level subs_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#subs_vertical_gradient_level _level] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the gradient for the subsidence/ascent velocity defined by [../inipar#subs_vertical_gradient subs_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../dvrpar#superelevation superelevation] || dvr || R || 1.0 || Superelevation factor for the vertical coordinate. 
|| [../dvrpar#superelevation_x superelevation_x] || dvr || R || 1.0 || Superelevation factor for the horizontal (x) coordinate. 
|| [../dvrpar#superelevation_y superelevation_y] || dvr || R || 1.0 || Superelevation factor for the horizontal (y) coordinate. 
|| [../inipar#surface_heatflux surface_heatflux] || ini || R || no prescribed \\ heatflux || Kinematic sensible heat flux at the bottom surface (in K m/s). 
|| [../inipar#surface_pressure surface_pressure] || ini || R || 1013.25 || Atmospheric pressure at the surface (in hPa). 
|| [../inipar#surface_scalarflux surface_scalarflux] || ini || R || 0.0 || Scalar flux at the surface (in kg/(m^2^s)). 
|| [../inipar#surface_waterflux surface_waterflux] || ini || R || 0.0 || Kinematic water flux near the surface (in m/s). 
|| [../radpar#sw_radiation sw_radiation] || rrtmg || L || .T. || Parameter to switch on/off shortwave radiation. 
|| [../d3par#synchronous_exchange synchronous_exchange] || run || L || .F. || Defines how MPI handles the exchange of ghost points. 
|| [../d3par#termination_time_needed termination_time_needed] || run || R || 35.0 || CPU time needed for terminal actions at the end of a run in batch mode (in s). 
|| [../dvrpar#threshold threshold] || dvr || R(10) || 0.0 || Threshold value for which an isosurface is to be created by the dvrp software. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#tilt tilt] || wtm || R || 0.0 || Rotor tilt of the rotor plane (in degrees). 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#time_turbine_on time_turbine_on] || wtm || R || 0.0 || Simulation time at which the turbines are switched on. 
|| [../radpar#time_utc_init time_utc_init] || rrtmg || R || 43200.0 || UTC time at model start in seconds starting from midnight. 
|| [../inipar#timestep_scheme timestep_scheme] || ini || C*20 || 'runge-kutta-3' || Time step scheme to be used for integration of the prognostic variables. 
|| [../inipar#topography topography] || ini || C*40 || 'flat' || Topography mode. 
|| [../dvrpar#topography_color topography_color] || dvr || R(3) || 0.8, 0.7, 0.6 || Color of the topography. 
|| [../inipar#topography_grid_convention topography_grid] \\ [../inipar#topography_grid_convention _convention] || ini || C*11 || default depends on \\ value of [../inipar#topography topography] || Convention for defining the topography grid. 
|| [../inipar#top_heatflux top_heatflux] || ini || R || no prescribed \\ heatflux || Kinematic sensible heat flux at the top surface (in K m/s). 
|| [../inipar#top_momentumflux_u top_momentumflux_u] || ini || R || no prescribed momentumflux || Momentum flux along x at the top boundary (in m^2^/s^2^). 
|| [../inipar#top_momentumflux_v top_momentumflux_v] || ini || R || no prescribed momentumflux || Momentum flux along y at the top boundary (in m^2^/s^2^). 
|| [../oceanpar#top_salinityflux top_salinityflux] || ocean || R || no prescribed \\ salinityflux || Kinematic salinity flux at the top boundary, i.e. the sea surface (in psu m/s). 
|| [../inipar#top_scalarflux top_scalarflux] || ini || R || no prescribed \\ scalarflux|| Scalar flux at the top surface. 
|| [../inipar#transpose_compute_overlap transpose_compute] \\ [../inipar#transpose_compute_overlap _overlap] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on parallel execution of fft and transpositions (with MPI_ALLTOALL). 
|| [../inipar#tunnel_height tunnel_height] || ini || R || 0.2*nz || Height of outer-wall tunnel top. 
|| [../inipar#tunnel_length tunnel_length] || ini || R || 9999999.9 || Length of the tunnel. 
|| [../inipar#tunnel_width_x tunnel_width_x] || ini || R || 9999999.9 || Tunnel width along x-direction. 
|| [../inipar#tunnel_width_y tunnel_width_y] || ini || R || 9999999.9 || Tunnel width along y-direction. 
|| [../inipar#tunnel_wall_depth tunnel_wall_depth] || ini || R || max( dx, dy, dz ) || Depth of tunnel walls. 
|| [../inipar#turbulent_inflow turbulent_inflow] || ini || L || .F. || Generates a turbulent inflow at side boundaries using a turbulence recycling method. 
|| [../inipar#turbulent_outflow turbulent_outflow] || ini || L || .F. || Generates a turbulent outflow at side boundaries using a turbulence recycling method. 
|| [../inipar#u_bulk u_bulk] [=#u] || ini || R || 0.0 || u-component of the predefined bulk velocity (in m/s). 
|| [../inipar#u_profile u_profile] || ini || R(100) || 100 * 9999999.9 || Values of u-velocity component to be used as initial profile (in m/s). 
|| [../inipar#ug_surface ug_surface] || ini || R || 0.0 || u-component of the geostrophic wind at the surface (in m/s). 
|| [../inipar#ug_vertical_gradient ug_vertical_gradient] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Gradient(s) of the initial profile of the u-component of the geostrophic wind (in 1/100s). 
|| [../inipar#ug_vertical_gradient_level ug_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#ug_vertical_gradient_level _level] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the gradient defined by [../inipar#ug_vertical_gradient ug_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../inipar#uv_heights uv_heights] || ini || R(100) || 100 * 9999999.9 || Height levels for prescribed u,v-profiles (in m). 
|| [../inipar#use_cmax use_cmax] || ini || L || .T. || Parameter to choose calculation method of the phase velocity in case of radiation boundary conditions. 
|| [../inipar#use_free_convection_scaling use_free_convection_scaling] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the use of the local free convection velocity scale. 
|| [../parpar#use_sgs_for_particles use_sgs_for_particles] || lpm || L || .F. || Use subgrid-scale velocities for particle advection. 
|| [../inipar#use_subsidence_tendencies use_subsidence_tendencies] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to choose the calculation method of subsidence in case of runs with large scale forcing. 
|| [../inipar#use_surface_fluxes use_surface_fluxes] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=1 (bottom boundary). 
|| [../inipar#use_top_fluxes use_top_fluxes] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=nz (top boundary). 
|| [../inipar#use_ug_for_galilei_tr use_ug_for_galilei_tr] || ini || L || .T. || Switch to determine the translation velocity in case that a Galilean transformation is used. 
|| [../inipar#use_upstream_for_tke use_upstream] \\ [../inipar#use_upstream_for_tke _for_tke] || ini || L || .F. || Parameter to choose the advection/timestep scheme to be used for the subgrid-scale TKE. 
|| [../parpar#vertical_particle_advection vertical_particle] [=#v] \\ [../parpar#vertical_particle_advection _advection] || lpm || L || .T. || Switch on/off vertical particle transport. 
|| [../inipar#v_bulk v_bulk] || ini || R || 0.0 || v-component of the predefined bulk velocity (in m/s). 
|| [../inipar#v_profile v_profile] || ini || R(100) || 100 * 9999999.9 || Values of v-velocity component to be used as initial profile (in m/s). 
|| [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || lsm || I ||2|| Vegetation type to be used in the land surface model. 
|| [../lsmpar#vegetation_coverage vegetation_coverage] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Vegetation coverage of the surface. 
|| [../inipar#ventilation_effect ventilation_effect] || ini || L || .T. || Parameterize ventilation effect on evaporation of raindrops. 
|| [../inipar#vg_surface vg_surface] || ini || R || 0.0 || v-component of the geostrophic wind at the surface (in m/s). 
|| [../inipar#vg_vertical_gradient vg_vertical_gradient] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Gradient(s) of the initial profile of thev-component of the geostrophic wind (in 1/100s). 
|| [../inipar#vg_vertical_gradient_level vg_vertical_gradient] \\ [../inipar#vg_vertical_gradient_level _level] || ini || R(10) || 10*0.0 || Height level above which the gradient defined by [../inipar#vg_vertical_gradient vg_vertical_gradient] is effective (in m). 
|| [../inipar#wall_adjustment wall_adjustment] [=#w] || ini || L || .T. || Parameter to restrict the mixing length in the vicinity of the bottom boundary (and near vertical walls of a non-flat [../inipar#topography topography]). 
|| [../inipar#wall_heatflux wall_heatflux] || ini || R(5) || 5*0.0 || Prescribed kinematic sensible heat flux in K m/s at the five topography faces. 
|| [../inipar#wall_humidityflux wall_humidityflux] || ini || R(5) || 5*0.0 || Prescribed kinematic humidity flux in m/s at the five topography faces. 
|| [../oceanpar#wall_salinityflux wall_salinityflux] || ocean || R(0:5) || 6*0.0 || Prescribed kinematic salinity flux in Psu m/s at the six topography faces
|| [../inipar#wall_scalarflux wall_scalarflux] || ini || R(5) || 5*0.0 || Prescribed scalar flux in kg/(m^2^ s) at the five topography faces. 
|| [../oceanpar#wave_breaking wave_breaking] || ocean || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on turbulence generation by wave breaking. 
|| [../lsmpar#wilting_point wilting_point] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#soil_type soil_type] || Soil moisture at permanent wilting point (in m³/m³). 
|| [../parpar#write_particle_statistics write_particle] \\ [../parpar#write_particle_statistics _statistics] || lpm || L || .F. || Switch on/off output of particle information. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#yaw_control yaw_control] [=#y] || wtm || L || .F. || Parameter to switch on the yaw controller. 
|| [../wind_turbine_par#yaw_speed yaw_speed] || wtm || R || 0.005236 || Speed of the yaw actuator (in rad/s). 
|| [../inipar#y_shift y_shift] || ini || I ||0|| Distance of y-shift at periodic x-boundary (in number of subdomains). 
|| [../lsmpar#z0_eb z0_eb] [=#z] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Roughness length for momentum (in m). 
|| [../lsmpar#z0h_eb z0h_eb] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Roughness length for heat (in m). 
|| [../lsmpar#z0q_eb z0q_eb] || lsm || R || depends on [../lsmpar#veg_type veg_type] || Roughness length for moisture (in m). 
|| [../inipar#z0h_factor z0h_factor] || ini || R || 1.0 || Factor for calculating the roughness length for scalars. 
|| [../inipar#zeta_max zeta_max] || ini || R || 20.0 || Upper limit of the stability parameter {{{zeta = z_mo/L}}}. 
|| [../inipar#zeta_min zeta_min] || ini || R || -9990.0 || Lower limit of the stability parameter {{{zeta = z_mo/L}}}. 
|| [../lsmpar#zs zs] || lsm || R(4) || see description || Depths of the four soil layers (in m).