== NetCDF data output ==
[[TracNav(doc/app/datatoc|nocollapse)]]
PALM is able to output data of different quantities as time series, vertical profiles (usually horizontally averaged), two-dimensional cross sections or 3d-volume data. Depending on the kind of output (time series, profiles, etc.) and the output format (ASCII or binary) data are written to different files (file descriptions can be found [wiki:doc/app/iofiles here]). All data output files are in netCDF format ([[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/]]), which can be processed by many public domain and commercial (graphic) software. Data from netCDF files can also be easily read from Fortran programs provided that a netCDF library is available.

The format of netCDF files generated by PALM is determined by the runtime-parameter [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format].  The accuracy of the netCDF output data can be set with parameter [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_precision netcdf_precision]. By default, data have single (4 byte) precision. 

The following table gives an overview about the different kind of netCDF output data offered by PALM. In addition to the local names of the files, the table also lists the minimum parameter settings which are necessary to switch on the output, as well as the parameters to be used to control the output.

||='''Kind of data'''  =||='''Local filename'''  =||='''Parameter settings necessary \\ to switch on output'''  =|| \
||='''Further parameters for \\ output control'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px"
vertical profiles
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 75px"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output_pr data_output_pr], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_dopr dt_dopr])
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#averaging_interval averaging_interval], (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#averaging_interval_pr averaging_interval_pr]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_averaging_input dt_averaging_input], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_averaging_input_pr dt_averaging_input_pr], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_dopr skip_time_dopr]), [wiki:doc/app/initialization_parameters#statistic_regions statistic_regions]
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
timeseries
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_dots dt_dots]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/initialization_parameters#statistic_regions statistic_regions]
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
spectra
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/spectra_parameters#comp_spectra_level comp_spectra_level], [wiki:doc/app/spectra_parameters#data_output_sp data_output_sp], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/spectra_parameters#dt_dosp dt_dosp]), [wiki:doc/app/spectra_parameters#spectra_direction spectra_direction]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#averaging_interval averaging_interval] (or [wiki:doc/app/spectra_parameters#averaging_interval_sp averaging_interval_sp]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_averaging_input_pr dt_averaging_input_pr], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/spectra_parameters#skip_time_dosp skip_time_dosp])
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
2d cross section (xy)
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do2d_xy dt_do2d_xy]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#section_xy section_xy]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output_2d_on_each_pe data_output_2d_on_each_pe], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do2d_at_begin do2d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do2d_xy skip_time_do2d_xy])
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
2d cross section (xy), time-averaged
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output_av dt_data_output_av] or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do2d_xy dt_do2d_xy]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#section_xy section_xy]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#averaging_interval averaging_interval], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_averaging_input dt_averaging_input], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output_2d_on_each_pe data_output_2d_on_each_pe], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do2d_at_begin do2d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output_av skip_time_data_output_av], or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do2d_xy skip_time_do2d_xy])
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
2d cross section (xz)
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do2d_xz dt_do2d_xz]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#section_xz section_xz]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output_2d_on_each_pe data_output_2d_on_each_pe], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do2d_at_begin do2d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output], ([wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do2d_xz skip_time_do2d_xz]
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
2d cross section (xz), time-averaged
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output_av dt_data_output_av] or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do2d_xz dt_do2d_xz]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#section_xz section_xz]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#averaging_interval averaging_interval], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_averaging_input dt_averaging_input], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output_3d_on_each_pe data_output_on_each_pe], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do2d_at_begin do2d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output_av skip_time_data_output_av], or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do2d_xz])
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
2d cross section (yz)
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output], (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do2d_yz dt_do2d_yz], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#section_yz section_yz]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output_2d_on_each_pe data_output_2d_on_each_pe], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do2d_at_begin do2d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do2d_yz skip_time_do2d_yz]
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
2d cross section (yz), time-averaged
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output_av dt_data_output_av] or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do2d_yz dt_do2d_yz]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#section_yz section_yz]
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#averaging_interval averaging_interval], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_averaging_input dt_averaging_input], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output_2d_on_each_pe data_output_2d_on_each_pe], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do2d_at_begin do2d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output_av skip_time_data_output_av], or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do2d_yz skip_time_do2d_yz], or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do2d_yz skip_time_do2d_yz])
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
3d volume
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_3D_NETCDF DATA_3D_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do3d dt_do3d])
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do3d_at_begin do3d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/initialization_parameters#nz_do3d nz_do3d], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do3d skip_time_do3d])
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
3d volume, time-averaged
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#data_output data_output], (or [wiki:doc/app/user_parameters#data_output_user data_output_user]), [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output_av dt_data_output_av] or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_do3d dt_do3d])
}}}
{{{#!td
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#averaging_interval averaging_interval], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_averaging_input dt_averaging_input], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#netcdf_data_format netcdf_data_format], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#do3d_at_begin do3d_at_begin], [wiki:doc/app/initialization_parameters#nz_do3d nz_do3d], [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output skip_time_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_data_output_av skip_time_data_output_av], or [wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#skip_time_do3d skip_time_do3d])
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
particle timeseries
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/runtime_parameters#dt_data_output dt_data_output] (or [wiki:doc/app/particle_parameters#dt_dopts dt_dopts])
}}}
{{{#!td

}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
particle attributes
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_PRT_NETCDF DATA_PRT_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/particle_parameters#dt_write_particle_data dt_write_particle_data]
}}}
{{{#!td

}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
agent attributes
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/iofiles#DATA_AGT_NETCDF DATA_AGT_NETCDF]
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top"
[wiki:doc/app/agent_parameters#dt_write_agent_data dt_write_agent_data]
}}}
{{{#!td
[../agent_parameters#dim_size_agtnum_manual dim_size_agtnum_manual], [../agent_parameters#dim_size_factor_agtnum dim_size_factor_agtnum]
}}}
|----------------
In addition to the kinds of data mentioned above, it is possible to output quantities at arbitrary locations by using the [[../maskedoutput|masked data output]].