== [=#static_input '''Static input file'''] ==

The static input file encompasses topography information as well as all necessary information file to initialize all land- and urban-type surfaces in the model, such as heat capacities, roughness, albedo, emissivity, etc..
The initialization procedure for the surfaces follows a multi-step approach, depending on the given level of detail of each variable as provided in the static input file. 
In a first step, surfaces are initialized horizontally homogeneous with a bulk classification for each type (e.g. vegetation or soil), either set by a default value or set by a namelist-provided value, while the bulk classification provides standard values for a variety of parameters. 
In a second step, surfaces are initialized individually by providing the bulk classification at each grid point individually. 
In case more detailed information is available, all or even single parameters can be initialized individually at each grid point.

The provided input data is used to classify each surface element according to its treatment, i.e. default-, natural- or urban-type, in order to treat each surface element accordingly. 
In case no land-surface or urban-surface scheme is applied, all surfaces are classified as default-type. 
If a surface element has vegetation, pavement or water, it will be classified as natural-type and is treated by the land-surface scheme, while building surfaces will be treated by the urban-surface scheme. 

\\\\
=== [=#attr '''Global attributes:] === 

'''Following list of mandatory attributes is expected by PALM when reading input data from the static input file.'''

||='''Attribute'''  =||='''Type'''  =||='''Explanation / Remarks'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#origin_lat '''origin_lat''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td
Geographical latitude in degrees north. This attribute defines the south boundary of the model domain and overwrites the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/inipar#latitude latitude], which is used e.g. for the Coriolis parameters as well as for the radiation.  
Please note, in case of a nested run, values of [wiki:doc/app/inipar#latitude latitude] will be synchronized internally to the respective value of the root parent domain. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#origin_lon '''origin_lon''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td
Geographical longitude in degrees east. This attribute defines the left boundary of the model domain and overwrites the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/inipar#longitude longitude], which is used e.g. for the radiation.  
Please note, in case of a nested run, values of [wiki:doc/app/inipar#longitude longitude] will be synchronized internally to the respective value of the root parent domain. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#origin_time '''origin_time''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_CHAR
}}}
{{{#!td
Reference point in time (UTC) {{{YYYY­-MM­-DD hh:mm:ss +00}}}. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#origin_x '''origin_x''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td
Reference x-location in m (UTM) of left model boundary.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#origin_y '''origin_y''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td
Reference y-location in m (UTM) of south model boundary. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#origin_z '''origin_z''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td
Reference height in m above sea level after DHHN2016. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#rotation_angle '''rotation_angle''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td
Clockwise angle of rotation in degrees between North positive y axis and the y axis in the data, e.g. ''0.0''. This value overwrites the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/inipar#rotation_angle rotation_angle], which is used e.g. to calculate the Coriolis force.
}}}
\\\\
=== [=#topo '''Topography:] ===

In order to prescribe topography from the static input file, [wiki:doc/app/inipar#topography topography] = 'read_from_file' is required. 

||='''Input variable'''  =||='''Type'''  =||='''LOD''' =||='''Explanation / Remarks'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#zt '''zt(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Terrain height in m relative to [#origin_z origin_z]. 
If not provided, the relative terrain height will be set to 0 all over the model domain. 
Please note, '''zt''' must not contain any {{{_FillValues}}}.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#buildings_2d '''buildings_2d(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
1 
}}}
{{{#!td
2-dimensional building height in m relative to the underlying terrain. No holes or overhanging structures are possible. '''buildings_2d''' will be mounted on top of the maximum local terrain height occupied by the respective building. Please note, '''buildings_2d''' will not be used if [#buildings_3d buildings_3d] is present on file. If '''buildings_2d''' are prescribed, [#building_id building_id] is required.  
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#buildings_3d '''buildings_3d(z,y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
2
}}}
{{{#!td
3-dimensional building topology relative to the underlying terrain. '''buildings_3d''' will be mapped on top of the maximum local terrain height occupied by the respective building. Note, '''buildings_3d''' do not need to be prescribed beyond the top level of the highest buildings. If '''buildings_3d''' are prescribed, [#building_id building_id] is required.  
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#building_id '''building_id(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_INT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Building ID is used to identify single building envelopes, which is used for correct mapping of buildings on top of the underlying terrain, as well as for the [#indoor_model indoor_model]. Please note, '''building_id''' must not contain any {{{_FillValue}}} at grid points where buildings_2d/3d is defined. 
}}}

\\\\

=== [=#surf '''Surface variables''':] ===

For a proper classification of natural land and water surfaces, [#pavement_type pavement_type], [#soil_type soil_type], [#vegetation_type vegetation_type] and [#water_type water_type] are required, which define bulk parameters for albedo, soil, root distribution, leaf-area density, etc. To enable initialization of the land-surface model with input-file-provided variables, the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/lsmpar#surface_type surface_type] needs to be set to 'netcdf'.  
In case more than one of the surface types (vegetation, pavement, water) is given at an (x,y) location, the relative fraction of each of the types must be provided by [#surface_fraction surface_fraction].
Further, if the [wiki:doc/app/usmpar urban-surface model] is applied, also [#building_type building_type] is required, which defines bulk parameters to run the urban-surface model. Please note, for the sake of consistency, at least one of the variables  [#pavement_type pavement_type], [#vegetation_type vegetation_type], [#water_type water_type] or [#building_type building_type] needs to be defined at each (x,y) location if the land- and urban-surface model is applied.
If only the land-surface model is applied but no urban-surface model, one of [#pavement_type pavement_type], [#vegetation_type vegetation_type] or [#water_type water_type] needs to be defined at each (x,y) location. 
Further, in case data is taken from the static input file, both, the land- and urban-surface model need to be either switched on or off. Applying only one of the energy-balance models is not sufficient and will lead to a controlled termination.  \\

||='''Input variable'''  =||='''Type'''  =||='''LOD''' =||='''Explanation / Remarks'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#albedo_pars '''albedo_pars'''] //
'''(nalbedo_pars,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Spectral and broadband albedo for natural and urban surfaces for ''(y,x)''-locations. 
When [#albedo_type albedo_type] = 0, all parameters must be set. Otherwise, single parameters for a given [#albedo_type albedo_type] can be overwritten, while the remaining parameters must be set to {{{_FillValue}}}.
}}} 
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#albedo_type '''albedo_type(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Optional classification of albedo. Default values for '''albedo_type''' are already set in the bulk parametrization of [#buiding_type building_type], [#pavement_type pavement_type], [#vegetation_type vegetation_type], [#water_type water_type], but will be overwritten in case '''albedo_type''' is defined. The value of '''albedo_type''' will also overwrite the prescribed values in [#vegetation_pars vegetation_pars], [#water_pars water_pars], or [#pavement_pars pavement_pars]. 
An overview of the different albedo types can be found  [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#building_pars '''building_pars'''] //
'''(nbuilding_pars,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Parameters for the building parameterization. When [#building_type building_type] = 0, all parameters must be set. Otherwise, single parameters for a given [#building_type building_type] can be overwritten, while the remaining parameters must be set to {{{_FillValue}}}. '''building_pars''' becomes only effective if the [wiki:doc/app/usmpar urban-surface model] or the [#indoor_model indoor_model] are applied. 
Building parameters can be distinguished between ground-floor and upper level. For more information, please see [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#building_surface_pars '''building_surface_pars'''] //
'''(nbuilding_surface_pars,s,\\
y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Detailed information for specific building surfaces. This variable 
can contain data for the entire domain or for selected areas where 
detailed data is available. 
Setting of '''building_surface_pars''' will replace parameter settings made by [#building_type building_type] and [#building_pars building_pars].
'''building_surface_pars''' becomes only effective if the [wiki:doc/app/usmpar urban-surface model] is applied. 
For more information, please see [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]]. \\\\
'''Please note: this input variable is currently not implemented.'''
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#building_type '''building_type(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Building type used to select bulk parameters. '''building_type''' is required if the [wiki:doc/app/usmpar urban-surface model] or the [#indoor_model indoor_model]  are applied.
Please note, '''building_type''' must not contain any {{{_FillValue}}} at grid points where buildings_2d/3d is defined. 
An overview of the different building types can be found [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#pavement_pars '''pavement_pars'''] //
'''(npavement_pars,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Parameters required for the bulk pavement parameterization in the
land surface scheme.
When [#pavement_type pavement_type] = 0, all parameters must be set. Otherwise, single parameters for a given [#pavement_type pavement_type] can be overwritten, while the remaining parameters must be set to {{{_FillValue}}}.
}}} 
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#pavement_subsurface_pars '''pavement_subsurface_pars'''] //
'''(npavement_subsurface_pars,  \\
zsoil,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Parameters required for the bulk pavement parameterization. 
For all zsoil levels where '''pavement_subsurface_pars''' is not missing, the settings of the soil model are overwritten, i.e. thermal conductivity and heat capacities are set, and the layers are impermeable for water.
When [#pavement_type pavement_type] = 0, all parameters must be set. 
}}} 
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#pavement_type '''pavement_type(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Bulk classification of pavements on soil. At locations where '''pavement_type''' is defined, [#soil_type soil_type] must not contain any {{{_FillValues}}}. '''pavement_type''' overwrites the homogeneously prescribed setting via the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/land_surface_parameters#pavement_type pavement_type]. An overview of the different pavement types can be found  [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#street_type '''street_type(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Classifcation of '''street type''' derived from Open Street Map. '''street_type''' is required for application of the parameterized traffic emissions (see emission mode LOD 0 [wiki:doc/app/chememi here]) and for the multi-agent system. An overview of the different street types can be found [wiki:doc/app/iofiles/pids/PALM_input_data_standard_v1.12.pdf here].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#soil_pars '''soil_pars'''] //
'''(nsoil_pars,(zsoil),y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
1, 2
}}}
{{{#!td
Parameters for soil parametrization. 
When [#soil_type soil_type] = 0, all parameters must be set. Otherwise, 
single parameters for a given [#soil_type soil_type] can be overwritten, while the remaining parameters must be set to {{{_FillValue}}}.
In case {{{lod = 1}}}, prescribed parameters are vertically uniform, 
while in case {{{lod = 2}}} parameters can be set for each layer individually. An overview of the different soil parameters can be found  [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#soil_type '''soil_type((zsoil),y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
1, 2
}}}
{{{#!td
Bulk classification of soil in terms of porosity. '''soil_type''' overwrites the homogeneously prescribed setting via the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/lsmpar#soil_type soil_type]. 
In case {{{lod = 1}}}, a 2-dimensional vertically uniform soil texture is prescribed, while in case {{{lod = 2}}} the 3-dimensional soil_type is set for each layer individually. An overview of the different soil types can be found  [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#surface_fraction '''surface_fraction'''] //
'''(nsurface_fraction,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Relative fraction of the respective surface type given via [#vegetation vegetation_type] (nsurface_fraction = 0), [#pavement_type pavement_type] (nsurface_fraction = 1) and [#water_type water_type] (nsurface_fraction = 2). The sum over all relative fractions must be equal to one for each location. This parameter is only needed at 
locations (y,x) where more than one surface type (vegetation, 
pavement, water) is defined. Moreover, if more than one surface type is defined at a location, the relative fractions of the respective surface types must not be 0. Also, if '''surface_fraction''' is given for one of the above mentioned surface types, this type need to be defined at this location. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#vegetation_pars '''vegetation_pars'''] //
'''(nvegetation_pars,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Parameters for the bulk parametrization of non-resolved vegetation in the land-surface model for each ''(y,x)''-location.  
All/single parameters of vegetation_pars for a given [#vegetation_type vegetation_type] can be overwritten for given ''(y,x)''-location. If only single parameters shall be overwritten, all other parameters must be set to {{{_FillValue}}}. Please note, if [#vegetation_type vegetation_type] = 0, all parameters must be set. 
An overview of the different vegetation parameters can be found  [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#vegetation_type '''vegetation_type(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Bulk classification of non-resolved vegetation surfaces at natural land surface types. At locations where '''vegetation_type''' is defined, [#soil_type soil_type] must not contain any {{{_FillValues}}}. '''vegetation_type''' overwrites the homogeneously prescribed setting via the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/lsmpar#vegetation_type vegetation_type]. An overview of the different vegetation types can be found  [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#water_pars '''water_pars'''] //
'''(nalbedo_pars,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Parameters used for the parameterization of water surfaces. 
When [#water_type water_type] = 0, all parameters must be set. Otherwise, single parameters for a given [#water_type water_type] can be overwritten, while the remaining parameters must be set to {{{_FillValue}}}.
}}} 
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#water_type '''water_type(y,x)''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_BYTE
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Bulk classification of water bodies. '''water_type''' overwrites the homogeneously prescribed setting via the namelist parameter [wiki:doc/app/lsmpar#water_type water_type]. An overview of the different water types can be found  [[attachment:PALM_input_data_standard_v1.9.pdf|here]].
}}}

\\\\

=== [=#plant '''Resolved plant canopy:] ===

In order to consider resolved plant canopy, the [wiki:doc/app/canpar plant-canopy model] need to be switched on and setting of [#canopy_mode canopy_mode] = 'read_from_file_3d' is required. 

||='''Input variable'''  =||='''Type'''  =||='''LOD''' =||='''Explanation / Remarks'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#lad '''lad'''] //
'''(zlad,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Vegetation resolved by the plant-canopy model in terms of a three­
dimensional leaf area density (LAD). 
Please note, plant canopy is prescribed relative to the underlying topography and will be mounted on top of the terrain. 
A preprocessor tool is available to convert arbitrary vegetation information to an LAD field. If '''lad''' is set, all settings of LAD-related parameters made in the namelist [wiki:doc/app/canpar &plant_canopy_parameters] will be ignored. 
Please note, unresolved vegetation is already treated via the land-surface model considered by [#vegetation_type vegetation_type]. Please check for possible double counting of similar vegetation in case [#vegetation_type vegetation_type] and '''lad''' is set at ''(y,x)''-location. 
}}} 
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#bad '''bad'''] //
'''(zlad,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Basal area in m2 (i.e. trunk area) per grid volume. A preprocessor 
tool is available to convert arbritrary vegetation information to an
basal area density field. The dimension of the field must be equal 
to that of the leaf area density. Please note, basal area is prescribed relative to the underlying topography. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#root_area_dens_r '''root_area_dens_r''']//
'''(zsoil,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Root area of the resolved vegetation in the soil.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 150px"
[=#root_area_dens_s '''root_area_dens_s''']//
'''(zsoil,y,x)'''
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
NC_FLOAT
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top;width: 50px"
none
}}}
{{{#!td
Root area of the parameterized vegetation in the soil that is set via 
[#vegetation_type vegetation_type]. When [#vegetation_type vegetation_type] = 0, the '''root_area_density_s''' must be set.
}}}
\\\\\\