== Initialization parameters (Namelist @inipar) == ---- '''Mode:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=#ocean '''ocean'''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" L }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" ''.F.'' }}} {{{#!td Parameter to switch on ocean runs.\\\\ By default PALM is configured to simulate atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, '''ocean''' = ''.T.'' allows simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:\\\\ * An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved. * Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density. * Potential density is calculated from the equation of state for seawater after each timestep, using the algorithm proposed by Jackett et al. (2006, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., '''23''', 1709-1728). So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation. * z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index k=nzt on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth. * Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from [#pt_vertical_gradient pt_vertical_gradient] / [#pt_vertical_gradient_level pt_vertical_gradient_level]) starting from the sea surface, using surface values given by [#pt_surface pt_surface], [#sa_surface sa_surface], [#ug_surface ug_surface], and [#vg_surface vg_surface]. * Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea. * If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).\\\\ Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are [#bc_sa_t bc_sa_t], [#bottom_salinityflux bottom_salinityflux], [#sa_surface sa_surface], [#sa_vertical_gradient sa_vertical_gradient], [#sa_vertical_gradient_level sa_vertical_gradient_level], and [#top_salinityflux top_salinityflux].\\\\ Section 4.4.2 gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.\\\\ '''ocean''' = ''.T.'' does not allow settings of timestep_scheme = '' 'leapfrog' '' or '' 'leapfrog+euler' '' as well as scalar_advec = '' 'ups-scheme' ''. }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}} [[BR]] '''Grid:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" }}} {{{#!td }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}} [[BR]] '''Numerics:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" }}} {{{#!td }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}} [[BR]] '''Boundary conditions:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=#bc_e_b '''bc_e_b'''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" C*20 }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" '' 'neumann' '' }}} {{{#!td Bottom boundary condition of the TKE.\\\\ '''bc_e_b''' may be set to '' 'neumann' '' or '' '(u*){{{**}}}2+neumann' ''. '''bc_e_b''' = '' 'neumann' '' yields to e(k=0)=e(k=1) (Neumann boundary condition), where e(k=1) is calculated via the prognostic TKE equation. Choice of '' '(u*){{{**}}}2+neumann' '' also yields to e(k=0)=e(k=1), but the TKE at the Prandtl-layer top (k=1) is calculated diagnostically by e(k=1)=(us/0.1)**2. However, this is only allowed if a Prandtl-layer is used (#prandtl_layer). If this is not the case, a warning is given and '''bc_e_b''' is reset to '' 'neumann' ''.\\\\ At the top boundary a Neumann boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)). }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}} [[BR]] '''Initialization:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" }}} {{{#!td }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}} [[BR]] '''Topography:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=#topography '''topography'''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" C*40 }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" '' 'flat' '' }}} {{{#!td Topography mode.\\\\ The user can choose between the following modes:\\\\ '' 'flat' '' Flat surface. '' 'single_building' '' Flow around a single rectangular building mounted on a flat surface. The building size and location can be specified by the parameters [#building_height building_height], [#building_length_x building_length_x], [#building_length_y building_length_y], [#building_wall_left building_wall_left] and [#building_wall_south building_wall_south]. '' 'single_street_canyon' '' Flow over a single, quasi-2D street canyon of infinite length oriented either in x- or in y-direction. The canyon size, orientation and location can be specified by the parameters [#canyon_height canyon_height] plus '''either''' [#canyon_width_x canyon_width_x] and [#canyon_wall_left canyon_wall_left] '''or''' [#canyon_width_y canyon_width_y] and [#canyon_wall_south canyon_wall_south]. '' 'read_from_file' '' Flow around arbitrary topography. This mode requires the input file [#TOPOGRAPHY_DATA TOPOGRAPHY_DATA]. This file contains the arbitrary topography height information in m. These data must exactly match the horizontal grid.\\\\ Alternatively, the user may add code to the user interface subroutine [#user_init_grid user_init_grid] to allow further topography modes. These require to explicitly set the [#topography_grid_convention topography_grid_convention] to either '' 'cell_edge' '' or '' 'cell_center' ''.\\\\ Non-flat '''topography''' modes may assign a kinematic sensible [#wall_heatflux wall_heatflux] and a kinematic [#wall_humidityflux wall_humidityflux] (requires [#humidity humidity] = .T.) or a [#wall_scalarflux wall_scalarflux] (requires [#passive_scalar passive_scalar] = .T.) at the five topography faces.\\\\ All non-flat '''topography''' modes require the use of [#momentum_advec momentum_advec] = [#scalar_advec scalar_advec] = '' 'pw-scheme' '', [#psolver psolver] /= '' 'sor' '', [#alpha_surface alpha_surface] = 0.0, [#galilei_transformation galilei_transformation] = ''.F.'', [#cloud_physics cloud_physics] = ''.F.'', [#cloud_droplets cloud_droplets] = ''.F.'', and [#prandtl_layer prandtl_layer] = ''.T.''.\\\\ Note that an inclined model domain requires the use of [#topography topography] = '' 'flat' '' and a nonzero alpha_surface. }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}} [[BR]] '''Canopy:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" }}} {{{#!td }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}} [[BR]] '''Others:'''\\ ||='''Parameter Name''' =||='''Type''' =||='''Default Value''' =||='''Explanation''' =|| |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;width: 150px" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 50px" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;style="width: 100px" }}} {{{#!td }}} |---------------- {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" [=# ''''''] }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top" }}} {{{#!td }}}