= Biometeorology parameters =
[[TracNav(doc/app/partoc|nocollapse)]]

With r3XXX a Biometeorology Module (Biometeorology_Mod) was implemented in PALM. It contains the two Models '''Human Thermal Comfort Model''' (HTCM) and '''UV Exposure Model''' (UVEM). For both models exist only one Namelist. However, for a better overview the input parameters of the two Models are described seperatly.[[BR]]

The module is enabled as soon as the NAMELIST {{{biometeorology_parameters}}} exists.
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== Human Thermal Comfort Model ==

=== Overview ===

The human thermal comfort model can provide spatially distributed values of the three thermal indices 

- Perceived Temperature (PERCT, see Staiger et al. (2012))
- Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI, see Jendritzky et al. (2012))
- Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET, see Höppe (1993))

that describe thermal perception / thermal stress of a sample human being under the local meteorological conditions. 

----
The calculation of thermal indices can be switched on by setting the flag [#thermal_comfort thermal_comfort] in the namelist "biometeorology_parameters" (the default is .FALSE.! If you want palm to calculate thermal comfort indices, add [[BR]]

&biometeorology_parameters
  [#thermal_comfort thermal_comfort] = .TRUE., [[BR]]
/[[BR]]

in your <projectname>p3d file!). [[BR]]

The calculation of the individual indices is automatically enabled or disabled by the output settings. This of course requires the Biomet_Mod to be enabled (see above).[[BR]]

Calculating thermal indices does require input data from both, the [https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/wiki/doc/app/inipar#humidity '''humidity module'''] and the [https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/wiki/doc/app/radpar '''radiation module''']. Please consider the instructions stated there.
----

=== Parameter list ===
'''NAMELIST group name: {{{biometeorology_parameters}}}''' \\

||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#thermal_comfort '''thermal_comfort''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td
Switch the calculation of thermal comfort indices off (.F.) or on (.T.).
}}}
|----------------

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==== Output ====

Output by the Biomet_Mod is always two dimensional and is provided for the cell level closest to 1.1 m above ground level. All parameters are available for instantaneous and time-averaged input. A list of output quantities can be found below.
Output is written to a 2d xy file, where only the layer z=0 will be used.
To enable the output of the given quantity, please add
||='''Quantity name''' =||='''Meaning''' =||='''Unit''' =||='''input type \\ (instantaneous or averaged)''' =||='''output file \\ (2d or 3d)''' =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_perct*_xy'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Perceived Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
instantanious input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_pet*_xy'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
instantanious input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_utci*_xy'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Universal Thermal Climate Index
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
instantanious input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_perct*_xy_av'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Perceived Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
averaged input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_pet*_xy_av'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
averaged input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_utci*_xy_av'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Universal Thermal Climate Index
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
averaged input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
|----------------
to the 
'''data_output'''  
section.
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=== References ===

Höppe, P. R. (1999): The physiological equivalent temperature – a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43, 71–75, ​https://doi.org/10.1007/s004840050118.\\

Jendritzky, G., de Dear, R. and Havenith, G. (2012): UTCI-Why another thermal index? International Journal of Biometeorology, 56, 421–428, ​https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0513-7.\\

Bröde, P., Fiala, D., Blazejczyk, K., Holmér, I., Jendritzky, G., Kampmann, B., Tinz, B. and Havenith, G. (2012): Deriving the operational procedure for the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). International Journal of Biometeorology 56(3), 481-494, ​https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0454-1. \\

Staiger, H., Laschewski, G. and Graetz, A. (2012): The perceived temperature - a versatile index for the assessment of the human thermal environment. Part A: scientific basics. International Journal of Biometeorology 56(1), 165–176, ​https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0409-6.\\





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== UV Exposure Model ==

=== Overview ===

[[NoteBox(note,This page is part of the **UV Exposure Model** (UVEM) documentation. \\ It contains a documentation about the input parameters of the exposure model. \\ For an overview of all UVEM-related pages\, see the **[wiki:doc/tec/uvem UV Exposure Model main page]**.)]]


The uv exposure model calculates 2-dimensional maps of the vitamin D,,3,,-weighted UV exposure of a human for unobstructed environments (Seckmeyer et al., 2013) and obstructed environments (e.g. within a city) (Schrempf et al., 2017a, Schrempf et al., 2017b).\\

  
To activate the model the parameter [#uv_exposure uv_exposure] has to be set in the NAMELIST {{{biometeorology_parameters}}}.  


=== Parameter list ===
'''NAMELIST group name: {{{biometeorology_parameters}}}''' \\


||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#clothing '''clothing''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
1
}}}
{{{#!td
Choose clothing outfit for human model. 

Value 0: no clothing (also no hair).\\
Value 1: Spring /Summer outfit (arms, hands & face exposed).\\
Value 2: Winter outfit (only, hands & face exposed).
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#consider_obstructions '''consider_obstructions''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td
Considers obstruction (e.g. from buildings and trees).

.T.: Switch consider obstructions ON \\
.F.: Switch consider obstructions OFF

Obstructions file must be calculated manually before the simulation and provided as NetCDF in the INPUT folder. 
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#orientation_angle '''orientation_angle''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
F
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
180.0
}}}
{{{#!td 
Orientation angle of front/face of the human model. 
Only active if also parameter [#turn_to_sun turn_to_sun] is set to .False.
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#sun_in_south '''sun_in_south''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td 
Azimuthal position of the sun.

If '''sun_in_south''' = .True., the azimuthal position of the sun is always in south direction (180°).\\
If '''sun_in_south''' = .False., the actual azimuthal position of the sun is calculated based of the respective parameter values within the simulation. The fixed solar azimuth angle only applies to the {{{exposure model}}} and does not affect other modules of PALM.

The following parameters are used as input for the solar position calculation: time_utc_init, day_of_year_init, latitude & longitude.\\
Independent of the setting of this parameter, the solar zenith angle (SZA) is not fixed and will always change dependent on date and time.
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#turn_to_sun '''turn_to_sun''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td 
Orientation of the front/face of the human model.

IF '''turn_to_sun''' = .True., the front/face of the human model is always orientated in direction of the sun.\\
IF '''turn_to_sun''' = .False., the front/face of the human model is orientated towards a specific direction (set by the parameter [#orientation_angle orientation_angle]).
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#uv_exposure '''uv_exposure''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td
Activation of the UV Exposure Model.
This option has to be set to .T. in order to run the model. 
}}}
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=== References ===
Seckmeyer, G., Schrempf, M.Wieczorek, A., Riechelmann, S., Graw, K., Seckmeyer, S., and Zankl, M. (2013): A Novel Method to Calculate Solar UV Exposure Relevant to Vitamin D Production in Humans, Photochem. Photobiol., 89(4), 974-983, https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12074.\\

Schrempf, M., Thuns, N., Lange, K., and Seckmeyer, G. (2017a): Einfluss der Verschattung auf die Vitamin-D-gewichtete UV-Exposition eines Menschen, Aktuelle Derm, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-105258.\\

Schrempf, M., Thuns, N., Lange, K., and Seckmeyer, G. (2017b): Impact of Orientation on the Vitamin D Weighted Exposure of a Human in an Urban Environment, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14(8), 920, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080920.\\






{{{#!comment
==== [#steering Steering] ====
==== [#string2 String2] ====
==== [#string3 String3] ====
Since r31xx biometeorology models are available in PALM....Biomet_Mod and UV exposure....
Short description of both modules. From here, we will then link to more detailed descriptions.
NAMELIST group name: [=#biometpar '''biometeorology_parameters''']\\
----
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[=#steering '''Steering:]\\
||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#land_category '''land_category''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
1
}}}
{{{#!td
Category for land surface.\\\\
Here, a detailed description follows...Maybe also link to an example input file.
}}}
}}}
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