= Biometeorology parameters =
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With r3XXX a Biometeorology Module (Biometeorology_Mod) was implemented in PALM. It contains the two Models '''Human Thermal Comfort Model''' (HTCM) and '''UV Exposure Model''' (UVEM). For both models exist only one Namelist. However, for a better overview the input parameters of the two Models are described seperatly.\\\\
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== Human Thermal Comfort Model ==

=== Overview ===

The human thermal comfort model can provide spatially distributed values of the three thermal indices 

- Perceived Temperature (PERCT, see Staiger et al. (2012))
- Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI, see Jendritzky et al. (2012))
- Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET, see Höppe (1993))

that describe thermal perception / thermal stress of a sample human being under the local meteorological conditions. 

----
The module is enabled as soon as the NAMELIST {{{biometeorology_parameters}}} exists. 
The calculation of all three thermal indices can be switched on and off by setting the flag 'thermal_comfort' in the biometeorology_namelist '''(the default is .FALSE.! If you want palm to calculate thermal comfort indices, set thermal_comfort = .TRUE.)'''. 
The calculation of the individual indices can be '''switched off (optional, default is on)''' by setting them to .F. This of course requires the Biomet_Mod to be enabled (see above).

----

=== Parameter list ===
'''NAMELIST group name: {{{biometeorology_parameters}}}''' \\

||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#thermal_comfort '''thermal_comfort''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td
Switch the calculation of all three thermal comfort indices off (.F.) or on (.T.).
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#bio_perct '''bio_perct''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td
Switch the calculation of Perceived Temperature off (.F.) or on (.T.).
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#bio_utci '''bio_utci''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td
Switch the calculation of Universal Thermal Climate Index off (.F.) or on (.T.).
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#bio_pet '''bio_pet''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td 
Switch the calculation of Physiologically Equivalent Temperature off (.F.) or on (.T.).
}}}
|----------------

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==== Output ====

Output by the Biomet_Mod is always two dimensional and is provided for the cell level closest to 1.1 m above ground level. All parameters are available for instantaneous and time-averaged input. A list of output quantities can be found below.
Output is written to a 2d xy file, where only the layer z=0 will be used.
To enable the output of the given quantity, please add
||='''Quantity name''' =||='''Meaning''' =||='''Unit''' =||='''input type \\ (instantaneous or averaged)''' =||='''output file \\ (2d or 3d)''' =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_perct*_xy'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Perceived Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
instantanious input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_pet*_xy'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
instantanious input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_utci*_xy'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Universal Thermal Climate Index
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
instantanious input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_perct*_xy_av'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Perceived Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
averaged input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_pet*_xy_av'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
averaged input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
'bio_utci*_xy_av'
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
Universal Thermal Climate Index
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
°C
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
averaged input
}}}
 {{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 80px"
2d (xy) file
}}}
||
|----------------
to the 
'''data_output'''  
section.
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=== References ===

Höppe, P. R. (1999): The physiological equivalent temperature – a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43, 71–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004840050118.\\

Jendritzky, G., de Dear, R. and Havenith, G. (2012): UTCI-Why another thermal index? International Journal of Biometeorology, 56, 421–428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0513-7.\\

Staiger, H., Laschewski, G. and Graetz, A. (2012): The perceived temperature - a versatile index for the assessment of the human thermal environment. Part A: scientific basics. International Journal of Biometeorology 56(1), 165–176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0409-6.\\





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== UV Exposure Model ==

=== Overview ===

[[NoteBox(note,This page is part of the **UV Exposure Model** (UVEM) documentation. \\ It contains a documentation about the input parameters of the exposure model. \\ For an overview of all UVEM-related pages\, see the **[wiki:doc/tec/uvem UV Exposure Model main page]**.)]]


The uv exposure model calculates 2-dimensional maps of the vitamin D,,3,,-weighted UV exposure of a human for unobstructed environments (Seckmeyer et al., 2013) and obstructed environments (e.g. within a city) (Schrempf et al., 2017a, Schrempf et al., 2017b).\\

  
To activate the model the parameter '''uv_exposure''' has to be set in the NAMELIST {{{biometeorology_parameters}}}.  


=== Parameter list ===
'''NAMELIST group name: {{{biometeorology_parameters}}}''' \\


||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#uv_exposure '''uv_exposure''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td
Activation of the UV Exposure Model
This option has to be set to .T. in order to run the model. 
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#consider_obstructions '''consider_obstructions''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td
Considers obstruction (e.g. from buildings and trees).

.T.: Switch consider obstructions ON \\
.F.: Switch consider obstructions OFF

Obstructions file must be calculated manually before the simulation and provided as NetCDF in the INPUT folder. 
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#clothing '''clothing''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
1
}}}
{{{#!td
Choose clothing outfit for human model. 

Value 0: no clothing (also no hair).\\
Value 1: Spring /Summer outfit (arms, hands & face exposed).\\
Value 2: Winter outfit (only, hands & face exposed).
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#orientation_angle '''orientation_angle''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
F
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
180.0
}}}
{{{#!td 
Orientation angle of front/face of the human model. 
Only active if also parameter '''turn_to_sun''' is set to .False.
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#sun_in_south '''sun_in_south''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.F.
}}}
{{{#!td 
Azimuthal position of the sun.

If '''sun_in_south''' = .True., the azimuthal position of the sun is always in south direction (180°).\\
If '''sun_in_south''' = .False., the actual azimuthal position of the sun is calculated based of the respective parameter values within the simulation. The fixed solar azimuth angle only applies to the exposure model and does not affect other modules of Palm.

The following parameters are used as input for the solar position calculation: time_utc_init, day_of_year_init, latitude & longitude.\\
Independent of the setting of this parameter, the solar zenith angle (SZA) is not fixed and will always change dependent on date and time.
}}}
||
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#turn_to_sun '''turn_to_sun''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
L
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
.T.
}}}
{{{#!td 
Orientation of the front/face of the human model.

IF '''turn_to_sun''' = .True., the front/face of the human model is always orientated in direction of the sun.\\
IF '''turn_to_sun''' = .False., the front/face of the human model is orientated towards a specific direction (set by the parameter '''orientation_angle''').
}}}
|----------------

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=== References ===
Seckmeyer, G., Schrempf, M.Wieczorek, A., Riechelmann, S., Graw, K., Seckmeyer, S., and Zankl, M. (2013): A Novel Method to Calculate Solar UV Exposure Relevant to Vitamin D Production in Humans, Photochem. Photobiol., 89(4), 974-983, https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12074.\\

Schrempf, M., Thuns, N., Lange, K., and Seckmeyer, G. (2017a): Einuss der Verschattung auf die Vitamin-D-gewichtete UV-Exposition eines Menschen, Aktuelle Derm, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-105258.\\

Schrempf, M., Thuns, N., Lange, K., and Seckmeyer, G. (2017b): Impact of Orientation on the Vitamin D Weighted Exposure of a Human in an Urban Environment, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14(8), 920, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080920.\\






{{{#!comment
==== [#steering Steering] ====
==== [#string2 String2] ====
==== [#string3 String3] ====
Since r31xx biometeorology models are available in PALM....Biomet_Mod and UV exposure....
Short description of both modules. From here, we will then link to more detailed descriptions.
NAMELIST group name: [=#biometpar '''biometeorology_parameters''']\\
----
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[=#steering '''Steering:]\\
||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#land_category '''land_category''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
I
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
1
}}}
{{{#!td
Category for land surface.\\\\
Here, a detailed description follows...Maybe also link to an example input file.
}}}
}}}
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