== Overview ==
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[[NoteBox(note,This page is part of the ** Bulk Cloud Model** (BCM) documentation. \\ It contains a listing of the references. \\ For an overview of all BCM-related pages\, see the **[wiki:doc/tec/microphysics Bulk Cloud Model main page]**.)]]


== References ==

* [=#arnason1971]'''Arnason G, Brown J.''' 1971. Growth of cloud droplets by condensation: A problem in computational stability. J. Atmos. Sci. 28: 72-77.

* [=#emanuel1994]'''Emanuel KA.''' 1994. Atmospheric Convection. Oxford University Press.

* [=#seifert2001]'''Seifert A, Beheng KD.''' 2001. A double-moment parameterization for simulating autoconversion, accretion and selfcollection. Atmos. Res. 59: 265–281.

* [=#seifert2006]'''Seifert A, Beheng KD.''' 2006. A two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 1: Model description. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 92: 45–66.

* [=#savic2008]'''Savic-Jovcic V, Stevens B.''' 2008. The structure and mesoscale organization of precipitating stratocumulus. J. Atmos. Sci. 65: 1587–1605. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2456.1 doi]

* [=#heus2010]'''Heus T, van Heerwaarden CC, Jonker HJJ, Pier Siebesma A, Axelsen S, van den Dries K, Geoffroy O, Moene AF, Pino D, de Roode SR, Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J.''' 2010. Formulation of the Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) and overview of its applications. Geosci. Model Dev. 3: 415–444. [http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-415-2010 doi]

* [=#stevens2008]'''Stevens B, Seifert A.''' 2008. Understanding macrophysical outcomes of microphysical choices in simulations of shallow cumulus convection. J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn. 86: 143–162.

* [=#bougeault1981]'''Bougeault, P.''' 1981. Modeling the trade-wind cumulus boundary layer. Part I: Testing the ensemble cloud relations against numerical data. J. Atmos. Sci. 38: 2414–2428.

* [=#khairoutdinov2000]'''Khairoutdinov M, Kogan Y.''' 2000. A new cloud physics parameterization in a large-eddy simulation model of marine stratocumulus. Mon. Weat. Rev. 128: 229–243.

* [=#sommeria1977]'''Sommeria G, Deardorff JW.''' 1977. Subgrid-scale condensation in models of nonprecipitating clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 34: 344–355.

* [=#kessler1969]'''Kessler E.''' 1969. On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulation. Meteor. Monogr: 1-84.

* [=#pruppacher1997]'''Pruppacher HR, and Klett JD.''' 1997. Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation. 2nd Edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.

* [=#morrison2007]'''Morrison H.''' 2007. Comparison of bulk and bin warm-rain microphysics models using a kinematic framework. J. Atmos. Sci. 64: 2839-2681.

* [=#seifert2010]'''Seifert A, Nuijens L, Stevens B.''' 2010. Turbulence effects on warm-rain autoconversion in precipitating shallow convection. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 136: 1753–1762.

* [=#seifert2008]'''Seifert A.''' 2008. On the parameterization of evaporation of raindrops as simulated by a one-dimensional rainshaft model. J. Atmos. Sci. 65: 3608–3619. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2586.1 doi].

* [=#ackerman]'''Ackerman, AS, vanZanten MC, Stevens B, Savic-Jovcic V, Bretherton CS, Chlond A, Golaz J-C, Jiang H, Khairoutdinov M, Krueger SK, Lewellen DC, Lock A, Moeng C-H, Nakamura K, Petters MD, Snider JR, Weinbrecht S, Zuluaf M.''' 2009. Large-eddy simulations of a drizzling, stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer, Mon. Weather Rev., 137: 1083–1110.

* [=#geoffroy]'''Geoffroy O, Brenguier J-L, Burnet F.''' 2010. Parametric representation of the cloud droplet spectra for LES warm bulk microphysical schemes. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10: 4835–4848. [http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4835-2010 doi].

* [=#rogers1993]'''Rogers RR, Baumgardner D, Ethier SA, Carter DA, Ecklund WL.''' 1993. Comparison of raindrop size distributions measured by radar wind profiler and by airplane. J. Appl. Meteorol. 32: 694–699.

* [=#cuijpers1993]'''Cuijpers JWM, Duynkerke PG.''' 1993. Large eddy simulation of trade wind cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 50: 3894–3908.

* [=#khvorostyanov2006]'''Khvorostyanov V,  Curry J.''' 2006. Aerosol size spectra and CCN activity spectra: Reconciling the lognormal, algebraic, and power laws. J. Geophys. Res. 111.

* [=#dipankar2015]'''Dipankar A, Stevens B, Heinze R, Moseley C, Zängl G, Giorgetta M, Brdar D.''' 2015. Large eddy simulation using the general circulation model ICON. J. Adv. Mod. Earth Syst. 07. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000431 doi].

* [=#gronemeier2016]'''Gronemeier T, Kanani-Sühring F, Raasch S.''' 2016.  Do shallow cumulus clouds have the potential to trigger secondary circulations via shading? Boundary-Layer Meteorol. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-016-0180-7 doi].

== References for Input Parameter ==

Ackerman, A. et al (2009): Large-Eddy Simulations of a Drizzling, Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer, Monthly Weather Review, 137, 1083-1110, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2582.1.\\

Kessler, E.(1969): On the continuity and distribution of water substance in atmospheric circulations, Atmospheric Research, 38, 109-145, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-36-2_1.\\

Khairoutdinov, M. and Kogan, Y. (2000):  A New Cloud Physics Parameterization in a Large-Eddy Simulation Model of Marine Stratocumulus, Monthly Weather Review, 128, 229, [https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0229:ANCPPI>2.0.CO;2 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0229:ANCPPI>2.0.CO;2].\\

Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A. (2006): Aerosol size spectra and CCN activity spectra: Reconciling the lognormal, algebraic, and power laws. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006532.\\

Morriion, H. and Grabowski, W. W. (2007): Comparison of Bulk and Bin Warm-Rain Microphysics Models Using a Kinematic Framework, Journal of the Atmosheric Sciences, 64, 2839, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3980.\\

Seifert, A. and Beheng, K. (2006): A two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 1: Model description, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 92, 45-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0112-4.\\

Seifert, A. (2008): On the Parameterization of Evaporation of Raindrops as Simulated by a One-Dimensional Rainshaft Model, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 65, 3608-3619, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2586.1.\\

Seifert, A., Nuijens, L., Stevens, B. (2010): Turbulence effects on warm‐rain autoconversion in precipitating shallow convection, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 136, 1753-1762, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.684.\\

Stevens, B. and Seifert, A. (2008): Understanding macrophysical outcomes of microphysical choices in simulations of shallow cumulus convection, 86A, 143-162, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.86A.143.\\