PALM chapter 4.6

4.6 Listing of the steering parameters in alphabetical order

Initialization parameters (class = I), run parameters (R), package parameters (P) as well as user-defined parameters (U) are alphabetically listed in the following table.

Parameter name	Class	Type	Default value	Explanation
adjust_mixing_length	I	L	.F.	Near-surface adjustment of the mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law.
alpha_surface	I	R	0.0	Inclination of the model domain with respect to the horizontal (in degrees).
averaging_interval	R	R	0.0	Averaging interval for all output of temporally averaged data (in s).
averaging_interval_pr	R	R	value of averaging_ interval	Averaging interval for vertical profiles output to local file DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF and/or PLOT1D_DATA (in s).
averaging_interval_sp	P	R	value of averaging_ interval	Averaging interval for spectra output to local file DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF and/or PLOTSP_X_DATA / PLOTSP_Y_DATA (in s).
bc_e_b	I	C * 20	'neumann'	Bottom boundary condition of the TKE.
bc_lr	I	C * 20	´cyclic´	Boundary condition along x (for all quantities).
bc_ns	I	C * 20	'cyclic'	Boundary condition along y (for all quantities).
bc_p_b	I	C * 20	'neumann'	Bottom boundary condition of the perturbation pressure.
bc_p_t	I	C * 20	'dirichlet'	Top boundary condition of the perturbation pressure.
bc_par_b	P	C*15	´reflect´	Bottom boundary condition for particle transport.
bc_par_lr	P	C*15	´cyclic´	Lateral boundary condition (x-direction) for particle transport.
bc_par_ns	P	C*15	´cyclic´	Lateral boundary condition (y-direction) for particle transport.
bc_par_t	P	C*15	´absorb´	Top boundary condition for particle transport.
bc_pt_b	I	C * 20	'dirichlet'	Bottom boundary condition of the potential temperature.
bc_pt_t	I	C * 20	'initial_gradient'	Top boundary condition of the potential temperature.
bc_q_b	I	C * 20	'dirichlet'	Bottom boundary condition of the specific humidity / total water content.
bc_q_t	I	C * 20	'neumann'	Top boundary condition of the specific humidity / total water content.
bc_s_b	I	C * 20	'dirichlet'	Bottom boundary condition of the scalar concentration.
bc_s_t	I	C * 20	´neumann´	Top boundary condition of the scalar concentration.
bc_sa_t	I	C * 20	'neumann'	Top boundary condition of the salinity.
bc_uv_b	I	C * 20	'dirichlet'	Bottom boundary condition of the horizontal wind components u and v.
bc_uv_t	I	C * 20	'dirichlet'	Top boundary condition of the horizontal velocity components u and v.
bottom_salinityflux	I	R	0.0	Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s).
building_height	I	R	50.0	Height of a single building in m.
building_length_x	I	R	50.0	Width of a single building in m.
building_length_y	I	R	50.0	Depth of a single building in m.
building_wall_left	I	R	building centered in x-direction	x-coordinate of the left building wall in m.
building_wall_south	I	R	building centered in y-direction	y-coordinate of the South building wall in m.
call_psolver_at_all_substeps	R	L	.T..	Switch to steer the call of the pressure solver.
canopy_mode	I	C * 20	'block'	Canopy mode
canyon_height	I	R	50.0	Street canyon height in m.
canyon_width_x	I	R	9999999.9	Street canyon width in x-direction in m.
canyon_width_y	I	R	9999999.9	Street canyon width in y-direction in m.
canyon_wall_left	I	R	canyon centered in x-direction	x-coordinate of the left canyon wall in m.
canyon_wall_south	I	R	canyon centered in y-direction	y-coordinate of the South canyon wall in m.
cfl_factor	R	R	0.1, 0.8 or 0.9 (see parameter description)	Time step limiting factor.
cloud_droplets	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on usage of cloud droplets.
cloud_physics	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the condensation scheme.
cluster_size	P	I	1	Vertex cluster size for polygon reduction of topography.
comp_spectra_level	P	I (100)	no level	Vertical level for which horizontal spectra are to be calculated and output (gridpoints).
conserve_volume_flow	I	L	.F.	Conservation of volume flow in x- and y-direction.
conserve_volume_flow_mode	I	C * 16	'default'	Modus of volume flow conservation.
create_disturbances	R	L	.T.	Switch to impose random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field.
cross_normalized_x	R	C * 10 (100)	100 ' '*	Type of normalization applied to the x-coordinate of vertical profiles to be plotted with profil.
cross_normalized_y	R	C * 10 (100)	100 ' '*	Type of normalization applied to the y-coordinate of vertical profiles to be plotted with profil.
cross_profiles	R	C * 100 (100)	see parameter description	Determines which vertical profiles are to be presented in which coordinate system if the plot software profil is used.
cross_xtext	R	C * 40 (100)	see parameter description	x-axis labels of vertical profile coordinate systems to be plotted with profil.
cthf	R	R	0.0	Average heat flux that is prescribed at the top of the plant canopy (in K m/s).
cut_spline_overshoot	I	L	.T.	Cut off of so-called overshoots, which can occur with the upstream-spline-scheme.
cycle_mg	R	C * 1	'w'	Type of cycle to be used with the multi-grid method.
damp_level_1d	I	R	zu(nz+1)	Height where the damping layer begins in the 1d-model (in m).
data_output	R	C * 10 (100)	100 * ´ ´	Quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output.
data_output_format	R	C * 10 (10)	'netcdf'	Format of output data.
data_output_pr	R	C * 10 (100)	100 * ' '	Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally averaged) are to be output.
data_output_pr_user	U	C * 10 (200)	200 * ' '	User defined quantities for which horizontally averaged profile data is to be output.
data_output_sp	P	C * 10 (10)	10 * ' '	Quantities for which horizontal spectra are to be calculated and output.
data_output_user	U	C * 10 (100)	100 * ' '	User defined quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output.
data_output_2d_on_each_pe	R	L	.T.	Output 2d cross section data by one or all processors.
density_ratio	P	R (10)	0.0, 9 * 9999999.9	Ratio of the density of the fluid and the density of the particles.
dissipation_1d	I	C * 20	'as_in_3d_model'	Calculation method for the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model.
disturbance _amplitude	R	R	0.25	Maximum perturbation amplitude of the random perturbations imposed to the horizontal velocity field (in m/s).
disturbance_energy _limit	R	R	0.01	Upper limit value of the perturbation energy of the velocity field used as a criterion for imposing random perturbations (in m²/s²).
disturbance_level_b	R	R	zu(3) or zu(nz2/3)*	Lower limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal wind field (in m).
disturbance_level_t	R	R	zu(nz/3) or zu(nzt-3)	Upper limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal wind field (in m).
do2d_at_begin	R	L	.F.	Output 2d cross section data by one or all processors.
do3d_at_begin	R	L	.F.	Output of 3d volume data at the beginning of a run.
do3d_compress	R	L	.F.	Output of data for 3d plots in compressed form.
do3d_comp_prec	R	C * 7 (100)	see parameter description	Significant digits in case of compressed data output.
dp_external	R	L	.F.	External pressure gradient switch.
dp_smooth	R	L	.F.	Vertically smooth the external pressure gradient using a sinusoidal smoothing function.
dp_level_b	R	R	0.0	Lower limit of the vertical range for which the external pressure gradient is applied (in m).
dpdxy	R	R (2)	2 * 0.0	Values of the external pressure gradient applied in x- and y-direction, respectively (in Pa/m).
drag_coefficient	I	R	0.0	Drag coefficient used in the plant canopy model.
dt	I/R	R	variable	Time step for the 3d-model (in s).
dt_averaging_input	R	R	0.0	Temporal interval of data which are subject to temporal averaging (in s).
dt_averaging_input_pr	R	R	value of dt_ averaging_ input	Temporal interval of data which are subject to temporal averaging of vertical profiles and/or spectra (in s).
dt_coupling	R	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of runs with coupled models (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s).
dt_data_output	R	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval at which data (3d volume data (instantaneous or time averaged), cross sections (instantaneous or time averaged), vertical profiles, spectra) shall be output (in s).
dt_data_output_av	R	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which time averaged 3d volume data and/or 2d cross section data shall be output (in s).
dt_disturb	R	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval at which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (in s).
dt_dopr	R	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which data of vertical profiles shall be output (to local file DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF or/and PLOT1D_DATA) (in s).
dt_dopr_listing	R	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval at which data of vertical profiles shall be output (output for printouts, local file LIST_PROFIL) (in s).
dt_dopts	P	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which time series data of particle quantities shall be output (in s).
dt_dosp	P	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which spectra data shall be output (in s).
dt_dots	R	R	see parameter description	Temporal interval at which time series data shall be output (in s).
dt_do2d_xy	R	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which horizontal cross section data shall be output (in s).
dt_do2d_xz	R	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which vertical cross section data (xz) shall be output (in s).
dt_do2d_yz	R	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which vertical cross section data (yz) shall be output (in s).
dt_do3d	R	R	value of dt_data_ output	Temporal interval at which 3d volume data shall be output (in s).
dt_dvrp	P	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval of scenes to be displayed with the dvrp software (in s).
dt_max	R	R	20.0	Maximum allowed value of the timestep (in s).
dt_min_part	P	R	0.0002	Minimum value for the particle timestep when SGS velocities are used (in s).
dt_prel	P	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval at which particles are to be released from a particle source (in s).
dt_pr_1d	I	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model (in s).
dt_restart	R	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval at which a new restart run is to be carried out (in s).
dt_run_control	R	R	60.0	Temporal interval at which run control output is to be made (in s).
dt_run_control_1d	I	R	60.0	Temporal interval of runtime control output of the 1d-model (in s).
dt_sort_particles	P	R	0.0	Temporal interval for sorting particles (in s).
dt_write_particle_data	P	R	9999999.9	Temporal interval for output of particle data (in s).
dvrp_directory	P	C * 80	'default'	Name of the directory into which data created by the dvrp software shall be saved.
dvrp_file	P	C * 80	'default'	Name of the file into which data created by the dvrp software shall be output.
dvrp_host	P	C * 80	'origin.rvs. uni- hanover.de'	Name of the computer to which data created by the dvrp software shall be transferred.
dvrp_output	P	C * 10	'rtsp'	Output mode for the dvrp software.
dvrp_password	P	C * 80	'******'	Password for the computer to which data created by the dvrp software is to be transferred.
dvrp_psize	P	R	0.2 * dx	Diameter that the particles is given in visualizations with the dvrp software (in m).
dvrp_username	P	C * 80	no default value	User name of a valid account on the computer to which data created by the dvrp software is to be transferred.
dx	I	R	1.0	Horizontal grid spacing along the x-direction (in m).
dy	I	R	1.0	Horizontal grid spacing along the y-direction (in m).
dz	I	R	no default, see parameter description	Vertical grid spacing (in m).
dz_max	I	R	9999999.9	Allowed maximum vertical grid spacing (in m).
dz_stretch_factor	I	R	1.08	Stretch factor for a vertically stretched grid (see dz_stretch_level).
dz_stretch_level	I	R	100000.0	Height level above/below which the grid is to be stretched vertically (in m).
e_init	I	R	0.0	Initial TKE in m²s^-2.
e_min	I	R	0.0	Minimum TKE in m²s^-2.
end_time	R	R	0.0	Simulation time of the 3D model (in s).
end_time_prel	P	R	9999999.9	Time of the last release of particles (in s).
end_time_1d	I	R	864000.0	Time to be simulated for the 1D-model (in s).
fft_method	I	C * 20	'system specific'	FFT-method to be used.
force_print_header	R	L	.F.	Steering of header output to the local file RUN_CONTROL.
galilei_transformation	I	L	.F.	Application of a Galilei-transformation to the coordinate system of the model.
grid_matching	I	C * 6	'match'	Variable to adjust the subdomain sizes in parallel runs.
humidity	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the prognostic equation for specific humidity q.
inflow_damping_height	I	R	from precursor run	Height below which the turbulence signal is used for turbulence recycling (in m).
inflow_damping_width	I	R	0.1 * inflow_damping_height	Transition range within which the turbulance signal is damped to zero (in m).
inflow_disturbance_begin	I	I	MIN(10, nx/2 or ny/2)	Lower limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).
inflow_disturbance_end	I	I	MIN(100, 3/4nx or 3/4ny)	Upper limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).
initializing_actions	I	C * 100	no default, see parameter description	Initialization actions to be carried out.
initial_weighting_factor	P	R	1.0	Factor to define the real number of initial droplets in a grid cell.
km_constant	I	R	variable (computed from TKE)	Constant eddy diffusivities are used (laminar simulations).
km_damp_max	I	R	0.5*(dx or dy)	Maximum diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow (in m²/s).
lad_surface	I	R	0.0	Surface value of the leaf area density (in m²/m³)
lad_vertical_gradient	I	R (10)	10 * 0.0	Gradient(s) of the leaf area density (in m²/m⁴)
lad_vertical_gradient_level	I	R (10)	10 * 0.0	Height level from which on the gradient of the leaf area density defined by lad_vertical_gradient_level is effective (in m).
leaf_surface_concentration	R	R	0.0	Concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a leaf (in kg/m³).
long_filter_factor	I	R	0.0	Filter factor for the so-called Long-filter.
loop_optimization	I	C * 16	see parameter description	Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .
maximum_number_ of_particles	P	I	1000	Maximum number of particles (on a PE).
maximum_number_ of_tailpoints	P	I	100	Maximum number of tailpoints that a particle tail can have.
maximum_tailpoint_ age	P	R	100000.0	Maximum age that the end point of a particle tail is allowed to have (in s).
mg_cycles	R	I	- 1	Number of cycles to be used with the multi-grid scheme.
mg_switch_to_pe0_level	R	I	see parameter description	Grid level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.
minimum_tailpoint_ distance	P	R	0.0	Minimum distance allowed between two adjacent points of a particle tail (in m).
mixing_length_1d	I	C * 20	'as_in_3d_model'	Mixing length used in the 1d-model.
mode_dvrp	P	C * 20 (10)	10 ' '*	Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles) which are to be created by the dvrp software.
momentum_advec	I	C * 10	'pw-scheme'	Advection scheme to be used for the momentum equations.
netcdf_precision	I	C * 20 (10)	single precision for all output quantities	Defines the accuracy of the NetCDF output.
netcdf_64bit	R	L	.F.	All NetCDF files - except those containing 3d volume data - will have 64 bit offset format.
netcdf_64bit_3d	R	L	.T.	NetCDF files containing 3d volume data will have 64 bit offset format.
ngsrb	R	I	2	Grid level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.
normalizing_region	R	I	0	Determines the subdomain from which the normalization quantities are calculated.
npex	R	I	no default, see parameter description	Number of processors along x-direction of the virtual processor net.
npey	R	I	no default, see parameter description	Number of processors along y-direction of the virtual processor net.
nsor	R	I	20	Number of iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme.
nsor_ini	I	I	100	Initial number of iterations with the SOR algorithm
number_of_particle_groups	P	I	1	Number of particle groups to be used.
nx	I	I	no default, see parameter description	Number of grid points in x-direction.
ny	I	I	no default, see parameter description	Number of grid points in y-direction.
nz	I	I	no default, see parameter description	Number of grid points in z-direction.
nz_do3d	R	I	nz+1	Limits the output of 3d volume data along the vertical direction (grid point index k).
ocean	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on ocean runs.
omega	I	R	7.29212E-5	Angular velocity of the rotating system (in rad s^-1).
omega_sor	R	R	1.8	Convergence factor to be used with the the SOR-scheme.
outflow_damping_width	I	I	MIN(20, nx/2 or ny/2)	Width of the damping range in the vicinity of the outflow (gridpoints).
overshoot_limit_e	I	R	0.0	Allowed limit for the overshooting of subgrid-scale TKE in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m²/s²).
overshoot_limit_pt	I	R	0.0	Allowed limit for the overshooting of potential temperature in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in K).
overshoot_limit_u	I	R	0.0	Allowed limit for the overshooting of the u-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m/s).
overshoot_limit_v	I	R	0.0	Allowed limit for the overshooting of the v-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m/s).
overshoot_limit_w	I	R	0.0	Allowed limit for the overshooting of the w-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m/s).
particles_per_point	P	I	1	Number of particles to be started per point.
particle_advection_start	P	R	0.0	Time of the first release of particles (in s).
particle_maximum_age	P	R	9999999.9	Maximum allowed age of particles (in s).
passive_scalar	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the prognostic equation for a passive scalar.
pch_index	I	I	0	Grid point index (scalar) of the upper boundary of the plant canopy layer
pdx	P	R (10)	10 dx*	Distance along x between particles within a particle source (in m).
pdy	P	R (10)	10 dy*	Distance along y between particles within a particle source (in m).
pdz	P	R (10)	10 ( zu(2) - zu(1) )*	Distance along z between particles within a particle source (in m).
phi	I	R	55.0	Geographical latitude (in degrees).
plant_canopy	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the plant canopy model
plot_spectra_level	P	I (100)	No level	Vertical level(s) for which horizontal spectra are to be plotted (in gridpoints).
prandtl_layer	I	L	.T.	Parameter to switch on a Prandtl layer.
prandtl_number	R	R	1.0	Ratio of the eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat (K_m/K_h).
precipitation	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on the precipitation scheme.
precipitation_amount_ interval	R	R	value of dt_do2d_ xy	Temporal interval for which the precipitation amount (in mm) shall be calculated and output (in s).
profile_columns	R	I	3	Number of coordinate systems to be plotted in one row by profil.
profile_rows	R	I	2	Number of rows of coordinate systems to be plotted on one page by profil.
psb	P	R (10)	10 zu(nz/2)*	Bottom edge of a particle source (in m).
psl	P	R (10)	10 0.0*	Left edge of a particle source (in m).
psn	P	R (10)	10 ( ny * dy )*	Rear (“north”) edge of a particle source (in m).
psolver	R	C * 10	'poisfft'	Scheme to be used to solve the Poisson equation for the perturbation pressure.
psr	P	R (10)	10 ( nx * dx )*	Right edge of a particle source (in m).
pss	P	R (10)	10 0.0*	Front (“south”) edge of a particle source (in m).
pst	P	R (10)	10 zu(nz/2)*	Top edge of a particle source (in m).
pt_reference	I	R	use horizontal average as reference	Reference temperature to be used in all buoyancy terms (in K).
pt_surface	I	R	300.0	Surface potential temperature (in K).
pt_surface_initial _change	I	R	0.0	Change in surface temperature to be made at the beginning of the 3d run (in K).
pt_vertical_gradient	I	R (10)	10 0.0*	Temperature gradient(s) of the initial temperature profile (in K / 100 m).
pt_vertical_gradient _level	I	R (10)	10 * 0.0	Height level from which on the temperature gradient defined by pt_vertical_gradient is effective (in m).
q_surface	I	R	0.0	Surface specific humidity / total water content (kg/kg).
q_surface_initial _change	I	R	0.0	Change in surface specific humidity / total water content to be made at the beginning of the 3d run (kg/kg).
q_vertical_gradient	I	R (10)	10 0.0*	Humidity gradient(s) of the initial humidity profile (in 1/100 m).
q_vertical_gradient _level	I	R (10)	10 * 0.0	Height level from which on the humidity gradient defined by q_vertical_gradient is effective (in m).
radiation	I	L	.F.	Parameter to switch on longwave radiation cooling at cloud-tops.
radius	P	R (10)	0.0, 9* 9999999.9	Particle radius (in m).
random_generator	I	C * 20	'numerical recipes'	Random number generator to be used for creating uniformly distributed random numbers.
random_heatflux	I	L	.F.	Parameter to impose random perturbations on the internal two-dimensional near surface heat flux field shf.
random_start_position	P	L	.F.	Initial position of the particles is varied randomly within certain limits.
rayleigh_damping _factor	R	R	0.0 and/or 0.01 (see parameter description)	Factor for Rayleigh damping.
rayleigh_damping _height	R	R	2/3 * zu(nz)	Height where the Rayleigh damping starts (in m).
read_particles_from_ restartfile	P	L	.T.	Read particle data from the previous run.
recycling_width	I	R	0.1 * nx * dx	Distance of the recycling plane from the inflow boundary (in m).
region	U	C * 40 (0:9)		Name(s) of the subdomain(s) defined by the user.
residual_limit	R	R	1.0E-6	Largest residual permitted for the multi-grid scheme (in s^-2m^-3).
restart_time	R	R	9999999.9	Simulated time after which a restart run is to be carried out (in s).
rif_max	I	R	1.0	Upper limit of the flux-Richardson number.
rif_min	I	R	- 5.0	Lower limit of the flux-Richardson number.
roughness_length	I	R	0.1	Roughness length (in m).
sa_surface	I	R	35.0	Surface salinity (in psu).
sa_vertical_gradient	I	R(10)	10 * 0.0	Salinity gradient(s) of the initial salinity profile (in psu / 100 m).
sa_vertical_gradient_level	I	R(10)	10 * 0.0	Height level from which on the salinity gradient defined by sa_vertical_gradient is effective (in m).
scalar_advec	I	C * 10	'pw-scheme'	Advection scheme to be used for the scalar quantities.
scalar_exchange_coefficient	R	R	0.0	Scalar exchange coefficient for a leaf (dimensionless).
section_xy	R	I (100)	no section	Position of cross section(s) for output of 2d horizontal cross sections (grid point index k).
section_xz	R	I (100)	no section	Position of cross section(s) for output of 2d (xz) vertical cross sections (grid point index j).
section_yz	R	I (100)	no section	Position of cross section(s) for output of 2d (yz) vertical cross sections (grid point index i).
skip_particles_for_tail	P	I	1	Limit the number of particle tails.
skip_time_data_output	R	R	0.0	No data output before this interval has passed (in s).
skip_time_data_output_av	R	R	value of skip_time_ data_output	No output of temporally averaged 2d/3d data before this interval has passed (in s).
skip_time_dopr	R	R	value of skip_time_ data_output	No output of vertical profile data before this interval has passed (in s).
skip_time_dosp	P	R	value of skip_time_ data_output	No output of spectra data before this interval has passed (in s).
skip_time_do2d_xy	R	R	value of skip_time_ data_output	No output of instantaneous horizontal cross section data before this interval has passed (in s).
skip_time_do2d_xz	R	R	value of skip_time_ data_output	No output of instantaneous vertical (xz) cross section data before this interval has passed (in s).
skip_time_do2d_yz	R	R	value of skip_time_ data_output	No output of instantaneous vertical (yz) cross section data before this interval has passed (in s).
skip_time_do3d	R	R	value of skip_time_ data_output	No output of instantaneous 3d volume data before this interval has passed (in s).
slicer_range_limits_dvrp	P	R(2,10)	10 * (-1,1)	Ranges of values to which a color table has to be mapped (units of the respective quantity).
spectra_direction	P	C * 2 (10)	10 ' '*	Direction(s) along which spectra are to be calculated.
statistic_regions	I	I	0	Number of additional user-defined subdomains for which statistical analysis and corresponding output (profiles, time series) shall be made.
superelevation	P	R	1.0	Superelevation factor for the vertical coordinate.
superelevation_x	P	R	1.0	Superelevation factor for the horizontal (x) coordinate.
superelevation_y	P	R	1.0	Superelevation factor for the horizontal (y) coordinate.
surface_heatflux	I	R	no prescribed heatflux	Kinematic sensible heat flux at the bottom surface (in K m/s).
surface_pressure	I	R	1013.25	Atmospheric pressure at the surface (in hPa)
surface_scalarflux	I	R	0.0	Scalar flux at the surface (in kg/(m² s)).
surface_waterflux	I	R	0.0	Kinematic water flux near the surface (in m/s).
s_surface	I	R	0.0	Surface value of the passive scalar (in kg/m³).
s_surface_initial_change	I	R	0.0	Change in surface scalar concentration to be made at the beginning of the 3d run (in kg/m³).
s_vertical_gradient	I	R(10)	10 0*.0	Scalar concentration gradient(s) of the initial scalar concentration profile (in kg/m³/ 100 m).
s_vertical_gradient_level	I	R(10)	10 * 0.0	Height level from which on the scalar gradient defined by s_vertical_gradient is effective (in m).
termination_time _needed	R	R	35.0	CPU time needed for terminal actions at the end of a run in batch mode (in s).
threshold	P	R (10)	0.0	Threshold value for which an isosurface is to be created by the dvrp software.
timestep_scheme	I	C * 20	'runge-kutta-3'	Time step scheme to be used for integration of the prognostic variables.
topography	I	C * 40	'flat'	Topography mode.
topography_grid_convention	I	C * 11	default depends on value of topography; see text for details	Convention for defining the topography grid.
top_heatflux	I	R	no prescribed heatflux	Kinematic sensible heat flux at the top surface (in K m/s).
top_momentumflux_u	I	R	no prescribed momentumflux	Momentum flux along x at the top boundary (in m2/s2).
top_momentumflux_v	I	R	no prescribed momentumflux	Momentum flux along y at the top boundary (in m2/s2).
top_salinityflux	I	R	no prescribed salinityflux	Kinematic salinity flux at the top boundary, i.e. the sea surface (in psu m/s).
turbulent_inflow	I	L	.F.	Generates a turbulent inflow at side boundaries using a turbulence recycling method.
u_bulk	I	R	0.0	u-component of the predefined bulk velocity (in m/s).
ug_surface	I	R	0.0	u-component of the geostrophic wind at the surface (in m/s).
ug_vertical_gradient	I	R(10)	10 * 0.0	Gradient(s) of the initial profile of the u-component of the geostrophic wind (in 1/100s).
ug_vertical_gradient_level	I	R(10)	10 * 0.0	Height level from which on the gradient defined by ug_vertical_gradient is effective (in m).
ups_limit_e	I	R	0.0	Subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy difference used as criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m²/s²).
ups_limit_pt	I	R	0.0	Temperature difference used as criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in K).
ups_limit_u	I	R	0.0	Velocity difference (u-component) used as criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s).
ups_limit_v	I	R	0.0	Velocity difference (v-component) used as criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s).
ups_limit_w	I	R	0.0	Velocity difference (w-component) used as criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s).
use_particle_tails	P	L	.F.	Give particles a tail.
use_prior_plot1d _parameters	R	L	.F.	Additional plot of vertical profile data with profil from preceding runs of the job chain.
use_sgs_for_particles	P	L	.F.	Use subgrid-scale velocities for particle advection.
use_surface_fluxes	I	L	.F.	Parameter to steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=1 (bottom boundary).
use_top_fluxes	I	L	.F.	Parameter to steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=nz (top boundary).
use_ug_for_galilei_tr	I	L	.T.	Switch to determine the translation velocity in case that a Galilean transformation is used.
use_upstream_for_tke	I	L	.F.	Parameter to choose the advection/timestep scheme to be used for the subgrid-scale TKE.
vertical_particle_advection	P	L	.T.	Switch on/off vertical particle transport.
v_bulk	I	R	0.0	v-component of the predefined bulk velocity (in m/s).
vg_surface	I	R	0.0	v-component of the geostrophic wind at the surface (in m/s).
vg_vertical_gradient	I	R(10)	10 * 0.0	Gradient(s) of the initial profile of the v-component of the geostrophic wind (in 1/100s).
vg_vertical_gradient_level	I	R(10)	10 * 0.0	Height level from which on the gradient defined by vg_vertical_gradient is effective (in m).
wall_adjustment	I	L	.T.	Parameter to restrict the mixing length in the vicinity of the bottom boundary (and near vertical walls of a non-flat topography).
wall_heatflux	I	R(5)	5 * 0.0	Prescribed kinematic sensible heat flux in K m/s at the five topography faces.
write_particle_ statistics	P	L	.F.	Switch on/off output of particle informations.
z_max_do1d	R	R	zu(nzt+1) (model top)	Height level up to which horizontally averaged profiles are to be plotted with profil (in m).
z_max_do1d _normalized	R	R	determined by plot data	Normalized height level up to which horizontally averaged profiles are to be plotted with profil.
z_max_do2d	R	R	zu(nz)	Height level up to which 2d cross sections are to be plotted with iso2d (in m).

Last change: $Id: chapter_4.6.html 256 2009-03-08 08:56:27Z raasch $

4.6 Listing of the steering parameters in alphabetical order

Parameter name

Class

Type

Default value

Explanation

Default
value