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\institute{Institut für Meteorologie und Klimatologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover}
\date{last update: \today}
\event{PALM Seminar}
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\title[General Steering Parameters]{General Steering Parameters}
\author{Siegfried Raasch}

\begin{document}

% Folie 1
\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}

\section{General Steering Parameters}
\subsection{General Steering Parameters}

% Folie 2
\begin{frame}                         
   \frametitle{General Hints for Carrying out LES}
   
   
   \begin{itemize}
      \scriptsize
      
      \item<2-> \textbf{Domain size}
      \begin{itemize}
         \scriptsize
         \item[-]<3-> Must be large enough to capture all relevant scales of turbulence
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<4-> \textbf{Grid spacing}
      \begin{itemize}
         \scriptsize
         \item[-]<4-> Must be so fine that most of the turbulent transport is resolved\\ (explicit transport $>>$ subgrid-scale transport)\\ $\rightarrow$ check profiles of resolved-scale and subgrid-scale fluxes
         \item[-]<5-> Results should not depend on grid spacing $\rightarrow$ carry out sensitivity study
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<6-> \textbf{Simulation time}
      \begin{itemize}
         \scriptsize
         \item[-]<6-> Must be long enough that turbulence can develop $\rightarrow$ check the timeseries of velocity components or resolved-scale TKE
         \item[-]<7-> In case of horizontally homogeneous boundary conditions, onset of turbulence has to be triggered by imposing random disturbances to the flow $\rightarrow$ otherwise, there will be no turbulence!
         \item[-]<8-> Must be long enough to guarantee, that the mean flow has reached a (quasi-) stationary state $\rightarrow$ otherwise, turbulence statistics may be wrong
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<9-> \textbf{Data analysis}
      \begin{itemize}
         \scriptsize
         \item[-]<9-> Data analysis should start only after onset of turbulence and after the mean flow has reached a (quasi-) stationary state
         \item[-]<10-> Getting correct mean flow profiles generally requires temporal averaging of the data (e.g. over the eddy-turnover timescale in the \\ convective boundary layer)
      \end{itemize}
      
   \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% Folie 3
\begin{frame}
   \frametitle{PALM - General Steering Parameters - Overview (I)}
   
   Steering parameters can be classified into different groups:
   \begin{itemize}
      \footnotesize
      
      \item<2-> \textbf{Grid parameters (computational grid / processor grid)}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<2-> grid spacing, number of gridpoints, etc.
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<3-> \textbf{Numerical parameters}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<3-> timestep scheme, advection scheme, etc.
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<4-> \textbf{Boundary condition parameters}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<4-> horizontal (cyclic/non-cyclic), vertical (Prandtl-layer, free-slip condition, etc.)
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<5-> \textbf{Initialization parameters}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<5-> kind of initial profiles, restart run, main run (following pre-run)
      \end{itemize}   
      
      \item<6-> \textbf{Output parameters}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<6-> 1d, 2d, 3d output, output intervals, etc.
      \end{itemize}         
      
      \item<7-> \textbf{Physical parameters}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<7-> latitude, angular velocity, etc.
      \end{itemize} 
                
   \end{itemize}
   
\end{frame}

% Folie 4
\begin{frame}
   \frametitle{PALM - General Steering Parameters - Overview (II)}
   \footnotesize A complete alphabetical list of all parameters can be found under: \url{http://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/wiki/doc/app/parlist}

   \begin{itemize}
      \footnotesize
      
      \item<2-> \textbf{General initialization methods}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<2-> controlled by parameter \texttt{initializing\_actions =}
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<3-> \textbf{Initial run:}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<3-> \texttt{initializing\_actions = ‘set\_constant\_profiles’}\\
         constant, piecewise linear, profiles are used
         \item[-]<4-> \texttt{initializing\_actions = ‘set\_1d-model-profiles’}\\
wind/TKE-profiles are created by a 1d-model, embedded in PALM, using stationary temperature/humidity-profiles
         \item[-]<5-> \texttt{initializing\_actions = ‘cyclic\_fill’}\\
         3d-data from a pre-run (possibly with smaller domain size than the initial run) are used
         \item[-]<6-> \texttt{initializing\_actions = ‘by\_user’}\\
         user has to provide \textbf{all} initial settings
      \end{itemize}
      
      \item<7-> \textbf{Restart run:}
      \begin{itemize}
         \footnotesize
         \item[-]<7-> \texttt{initializing\_actions = ‘read\_restart\_data’}\\
         data from the previous run in the job-chain are used
      \end{itemize}
                
   \end{itemize}

\end{frame}

% Folie 5
\begin{frame}
   \frametitle{PALM - Initialization Example}

   \begin{itemize}
      \footnotesize
      \item<1-> \textbf{The following parameters have to be set for an initial atmosphere at rest with neutral temperature stratification and a capping inversion:}

      \quad \texttt{initializing\_actions = ‘set\_constant\_profiles’,}\\
      \quad \texttt{ug\_surface = 0.0, vg\_surface = 0.0,}\\
      \quad \texttt{pt\_surface = 300.0,}\\
      \quad \texttt{pt\_initial\_gradient = 0.0, 1.0,}\\
      \quad \texttt{pt\_initial\_gradient\_level = 0.0, 800.0,}\\
   \end{itemize}

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\end{document}
