Index: /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/exercise_cumulus.tex
===================================================================
--- /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/exercise_cumulus.tex	(revision 1532)
+++ /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/exercise_cumulus.tex	(revision 1532)
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+% $Id: exercise_cbl.tex 1515 2015-01-02 11:35:51Z boeske $
+\input{header_tmp.tex}
+%\input{header_lectures.tex}
+
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{ngerman}
+\usepackage{pgf}
+\usepackage{subfigure}
+\usepackage{units}
+\usepackage{multimedia}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\newcommand{\event}[1]{\newcommand{\eventname}{#1}}
+\usepackage{xmpmulti}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning}
+\usetikzlibrary{calc}                             %neues paket
+\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}             %neues paket
+\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}        %neues paket
+\def\Tiny{\fontsize{4pt}{4pt}\selectfont}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{pdfcomment}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{showspaces=false,language=fortran,basicstyle=
+        \ttfamily,showstringspaces=false,captionpos=b}
+
+\institute{Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover}
+\selectlanguage{english}
+\date{last update: \today}
+\event{PALM Seminar}
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{footline}
+  {
+    \begin{beamercolorbox}[rightskip=-0.1cm]&
+     {\includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{imuk_logo.pdf}\hfill \includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{luh_logo.pdf}}
+    \end{beamercolorbox}
+    \begin{beamercolorbox}[ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,
+      leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=0.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}
+      {\leavevmode{\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor} \hfill \eventname \hfill \insertframenumber \; / \inserttotalframenumber}
+    \end{beamercolorbox}
+    \begin{beamercolorbox}[colsep=1.5pt]{lower separation line foot}
+    \end{beamercolorbox}
+  }
+%\logo{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{luhimuk_logo.pdf}}
+
+
+\title[Exercise 11: Cumulus Cloud]{Exercise 11: \\Cumulus Cloud With Bulk Cloud Physics}
+\author{PALM group}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+% Folie 1
+\begin{frame}
+\titlepage
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Exercise}
+\subsection{Exercise}
+
+% Folie 2
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Exercise 11: Cumulus Cloud With Cloud Physics}
+   
+   Simulate a cumulus cloud:
+   \begin{itemize}
+%      \scriptsize
+	   \item<2-> Initialize the simulation with a marine, cumulus-topped, trade-wind region boundary layer.
+	   \item<3-> Trigger the cloud by a bubble of rising warm air.
+	   \item<4-> Parameterize condensation using a simple bulk cloud physics scheme.
+	   \item<5-> Learn how to carry out conditional averages.
+   \end{itemize}   
+ \end{frame}
+
+% Folie 3
+\section{Hints}
+\subsection{Hints}
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Hints I}
+
+   The setup of this exercise is based on the LES-intercomparison BOMEX (Siebesma et al., 2003, JAS): 
+%   \only<2>{\begin{center}
+%      \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{exercise_cumulus_figures/ptq.pdf}
+%   \end{center}}
+   \only<2->{
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \scriptsize
+      
+      \item<2-> In order to prescribe vertical profiles of temperature and humidity, set:\\
+                         \texttt{initializing\_actions = 'set\_constant\_profiles',}
+	    \item<3-> \texttt{pt\_surface = 297.9,}
+	    
+	    \texttt{pt\_vertical\_gradient = 0.0, 0.58588957,}
+	    
+	    \texttt{pt\_vertical\_gradient\_level = 0.0, 740.0,}
+	    \item<4-> \texttt{q\_surface = 0.016,}
+	    
+	    \texttt{q\_vertical\_gradient = -2.97297E-4, -4.5238095E-4, -8.108108E-5,}
+	    
+	    \texttt{q\_vertical\_gradient\_level = 0.0, 740.0, 3260.0,}
+	    
+	    \item<5-> \texttt{surface\_pressure = 1015.4,}
+	    
+	    \item<6-> Note that contrary to BOMEX, no geostrophic wind, no surface fluxes, and no subsidence is prescribed in this setup.
+	    
+	      \item<7-> domain size: about $\unit[1000 \times 3600 \times 3000]{m^3}$ ($x$/$y$/$z$)
+	   \item<8-> grid size: $\unit[50]{m}$ equidistant
+	   \item<9-> simulated time:	$\unit[1800]{s}$
+   \end{itemize}  
+   }
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% Folie 4
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Hints II}
+   
+   How to initialize a bubble of warm air?
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \scriptsize
+      \item<2-> In the subroutine \texttt{user\_init}, initialize the bubble of warm air by a temperature excess at the first time step (\texttt{current\_timestep\_number == 0})
+      \item<3-> The temperature excess can be added directly to the three-dimensional field of liquid water potential temperature:
+      
+      \texttt{pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) + EXP( -0.5 * ( y / bubble\_sigma\_y )**2 ) * \&}
+      
+      \texttt{\hphantom{pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) + }EXP( -0.5 * ( z / bubble\_sigma\_z )**2 ) * \&}
+      
+      \texttt{\hphantom{pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) + }initial\_temperature\_difference}
+      
+      
+      with the locations:
+      
+      \texttt{y = j * dy - bubble\_center\_y}
+      
+      \texttt{z = zu(k) - bubble\_center\_z}
+      
+      \item<4-> Initialize the bubble by the following parameters:
+      
+      \texttt{bubble\_center\_y = 1800.0, bubble\_center\_z = 170.0,}
+      
+      \texttt{bubble\_sigma\_y = 300.0, bubble\_sigma\_z = 150.0,}
+      
+      \texttt{initial\_temperature\_difference = 0.4}
+      \item<5-> Think parallel: Mind that the domain of each PE extends only from \texttt{nxlg} to \texttt{nxrg} and \texttt{nysg} to \texttt{nyng}!
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 5
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Hints III}
+   Bulk cloud physics in PALM:
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \scriptsize
+	    \item<2-> PALM offers two bulk cloud physics schemes: A very simple, one-moment scheme by Kessler (1969, MM) and a state-of-the-art two-moment scheme by Seifert and Beheng (2006, MAP).
+	    
+	    \item<3-> You will use the saturation adjustment scheme, as applied in the Kessler-scheme, for parameterizing condensation. (Note that this kind of scheme is used in the vast majority of today's bulk cloud physics parameterizations.)
+	    
+	    \item<4-> The liquid water is diagnosed by $q_\text{l} = \max(0, q_\text{t} - q_\text{s})$: If the total water content $q_\text{t}$ exceeds the saturation water content $q_\text{s}$, all supersaturations condensate immediately to liquid water. On the other hand, no liquid water is present in subsaturated conditions.  
+	    
+   \end{itemize}  
+   
+    \onslide<4-> Turn on simple cloud microphysics in your parameter file (\texttt{inipar} namelist): 
+   
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \scriptsize
+	    \item<5-> \texttt{humidity = .TRUE., cloud\_physics = .TRUE.,}
+	    
+	    \item<6-> \texttt{cloud\_scheme = 'kessler', precipitation = .FALSE.}
+   \end{itemize}  
+ \end{frame}
+   
+   
+% Folie 6
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Hints IV}
+   
+   What is conditional averaging?
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \scriptsize
+      \item<2-> A horizontal average (e.\,g., for retrieving vertical profiles) might be inappropriate for the analysis of a heterogeneous phenomenon (e.\,g., cumulus clouds).
+      \item<3-> A conditional average can restrict the analysis to the regions of interest (e.\,g., cloudy and non-cloudy regions).
+    \end{itemize}
+   \onslide<4->What kind of conditional average are you going to derive?
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \scriptsize
+      \item<5-> You will derive vertical profiles of \textbf{cloud cover} and \textbf{cloud core cover}. These profiles are the basis for more complex profiles (e.\,g., the cloud core vertical velocity).
+      \item<6-> Cloudy grid cells are defined as grid cells with a non-zero liquid water content ($q_\text{l}>0$, \texttt{ql(k,j,i) > 0.0}). Cloud core grid cells are defined as cloudy grid cells, which are also positively buoyant with respect to the slab average ($\theta_\text{v}>\langle \theta_\text{v} \rangle$, \texttt{vpt(k,j,i) > hom(k,1,44,sr)}).
+      \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 7
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Hints V}
+
+    PALM offers a convenient to compute and output user-profiles:
+     \begin{itemize}
+      \scriptsize
+      \item<2-> In the subroutine \texttt{user\_statistics}, you can compute the cloud cover profile by counting all cloudy grid cells at a certain grid level \texttt{k}:
+      
+      \texttt{IF ( ql(k,j,i) > 0.0 )  THEN}
+      
+      \texttt{\hphantom{aaa}sums\_l(k,pr\_palm+1,tn) = sums\_l(k,pr\_palm+1,tn) + 1.0}
+      
+      \texttt{ENDIF}
+      
+      \item<3-> The computation of the cloud core cover profile is up to you!
+
+      
+       \item<4-> PALM automatically cares for the summation across the PE's boundaries and the normalization of the profiles (i.\,e., dividing it by the total amount of grid cells in horizontal directions).
+      
+      \item<5-> Do not forget to adapt \texttt{user\_check\_data\_output\_pr} (for defining your user-profiles) and your parameter file (\texttt{userpar} namelist) for the output (with the parameter \texttt{data\_output\_pr\_user = 'your\_profile'})!
+      \item<6-> \textbf{Check also the examples provided in \texttt{user\_statistics} and \texttt{user\_check\_data\_output\_pr} for the implementation of user profiles!}
+      
+      
+
+
+      \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Tasks}
+\subsection{Tasks}
+% Folie 8
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Tasks to be done:}
+   
+   \begin{itemize}
+    \item<1-> Output instantaneous yz-cross sections of \texttt{ql} and \texttt{w} at \texttt{section\_yz = 0}. (\texttt{pt}, \texttt{q} and \texttt{vpt} are also interesting!) An output interval of $60\,\text{s}$ is adequate. 
+   \item<2-> Output instantaneous vertical profiles of cloud cover and cloud core cover! Again, an output interval of $60\,\text{s}$ is adequate.
+   \item<3-> Answer the following questions:
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item How does the cloud develop?
+   \item Can you identify the \textit{actively growing} and the \textit{decaying stage} of the cloud's life cycle by comparing the profiles of cloud and cloud core cover profiles? (Mind the profiles' definitions and physical implications!)
+   \end{itemize}
+   \item<4-> If you are really fast: What changes during the cloud's development turning on precipitation (\texttt{precipitation = .TRUE.})?
+   \end{itemize}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 9
+\section{Results}
+\subsection{Results}
+
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{$yz$-cross sections at $t \approx \unit[500]{s}$}
+%   The bubble of warm air rises, but has not reached its condensation level. 
+   \begin{center}
+      \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{exercise_cumulus_figures/500.pdf}
+   \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 8
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{$yz$-cross sections at $t \approx \unit[800]{s}$}
+%   Condensation starts, and the cloud appears as the the visible top of the rising bubble. 
+   \begin{center}
+      \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{exercise_cumulus_figures/800.pdf}
+   \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 9
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{$yz$-cross sections at $t \approx \unit[1200]{s}$}
+%   The cloud is vigorously growing.
+   \begin{center}
+      \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{exercise_cumulus_figures/1200.pdf}
+   \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 9
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{$yz$-cross sections at $t \approx \unit[1500]{s}$}
+%   The cloud dilutes and dissipates due to turbulent entrainment of environmental air.
+   \begin{center}
+      \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{exercise_cumulus_figures/1500.pdf}
+   \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 10
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Cloud cover (clcov) and cloud core cover (cocov) profiles}
+   \begin{center}
+      \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{exercise_cumulus_figures/prof.pdf}
+   \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+%\section{Answers}
+\subsection*{Answers}
+% Folie 13
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Answers to questions I}
+   {\footnotesize }
+   How does the cloud develop?
+   {\footnotesize }
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item See frames 9 -- 12: The clouds develops from a rising bubble of warm air ($t \approx \unit[500]{s}$). Reaching the condensation level ($t \approx \unit[800]{s}$), the cloud appears as the bubbles visible top. Afterwards, the cloud starts to grow more vigorously by the release of latent heat ($t \approx \unit[1200]{s}$). In the end of the cloud's life-cycle, the cloud dissipates by turbulent entrainment of environmental air and the subsequent evaporation of the cloud ($t \approx \unit[1500]{s}$).
+   \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Answers to questions II}
+   {\footnotesize }
+Can you identify the (i) actively growing and (ii) decaying stage of the cloud's life cycle by comparing the profiles of cloud and cloud core cover profiles?
+   {\footnotesize }
+      \begin{itemize}
+   \item See Frame 13: As long as the cloud core is present, i.\,e., a positively buoyant region producing upward motion, the cloud grows actively (until $1400\,\text{s}$). From $1500\,\text{s}$ on, no cloud core is visible. As a result, the cloud's upward motion decelerates and the rate of condensation decreases. Thus, the cloud's dilution by the entrainment of environmental air can not be counterbalanced anymore. As a consequence, the cloud decays and finally dissipates.
+   \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+   \frametitle{Answers to questions III}
+   {\footnotesize }
+What changes during the cloud's development turning on precipitation (\texttt{precipitation = .TRUE.})?
+      {\footnotesize }
+      \begin{itemize}
+   \item Almost nothing. The simulated cloud is very shallow, therefore no significant masses of rain are produced that might alter the cloud.
+   \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
Index: /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/ncl.tex
===================================================================
--- /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/ncl.tex	(revision 1531)
+++ /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/ncl.tex	(revision 1532)
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 %$Id$
 \input{header_tmp.tex}
-%\input{../header_lectures.tex}
+%\input{header_lectures.tex}
 
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
 \usepackage{ngerman}
 \usepackage{pgf}
-\usetheme{Dresden}
 \usepackage{subfigure}
 \usepackage{units}
@@ -28,5 +27,6 @@
         \ttfamily,showstringspaces=false,captionpos=b}
 
-\institute{Institut fÃŒr Meteorologie und Klimatologie, Leibniz UniversitÃ€t Hannover}
+\institute{Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover}
+\selectlanguage{english}
 \date{last update: \today}
 \event{PALM Seminar}
@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@
 
 \title[Introduction to NCL]{Introduction to NCL}
-\author{Siegfried Raasch}
+\author{PALM group}
 
 \begin{document}
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 	   \item<1-> There are several ways how you can visualize netCDF data
 	   \item<1-> If you are lacking experience in the visualization of netCDF data or if you have not yet found your favourite way how to visualize netCDF data, here is one recommendation:
-      \item<2-> NCL â The \textbf{N}CAR \textbf{C}ommand \textbf{L}anguage
-      \item<2-> Developed by the Computational \& Information Systems Laboratory at the NCAR (continuously updated)
+	   
+	   \begin{center}NCL -- The \textbf{N}CAR \textbf{C}ommand \textbf{L}anguage\end{center}
+      \item<2-> Developed at the NCAR (and continuously updated)
       \item<2-> Detailed information is available under http://www.ncl.ucar.edu
       \item<3-> With the information revealed in this talk you will be able to visualize the output of this week's simulations
@@ -82,12 +83,12 @@
                 data processing and visualization, freely available
       \item<2-> Portable: it is running on many different operating systems
-                including AIX, Linux, MacOSX, Cygwin/Windows
-      \item<3-> It's a powerful tool for file input and output, visualization 
-                and data analysis (but please \textbf{avoid the excessive usage 
-                of loops}, as NCL is an interpreted language) $\rightarrow$ 
-                integrated processing environment
-   \end{itemize}  
-   \centering
-   \onslide<3-> \includegraphics[scale=0.28]{ncl_figures/ncl.png}
+                including Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, ...
+      \item<3-> It's a powerful tool for file input and output, visualization and data analysis $\rightarrow$ integrated processing environment
+      \vspace{-0.2cm}
+                  \begin{center}
+                   \onslide<3-> \includegraphics[scale=0.315]{ncl_figures/ncl.png}
+                   \end{center}
+      \end{itemize}  
+
    
 \end{frame}
@@ -98,15 +99,14 @@
    \small
    \begin{itemize}     
-	   \item<1-> Supports calling C and FORTRAN extended routines
+	   \item<1-> Supports calling of C and FORTRAN routines
 	   \item<1-> Over 600 functions and procedures for visualization and 
 	             data analysis are provided with NCL
-	   \item<2-> Interactive mode: \texttt{\$ ncl}\\
-      \texttt{ncl 0>}
-      \item<3-> each line is interpreted as it is entered
-      \item<4-> Batch mode: \texttt{\$ ncl ncl\underline{ }script.ncl}\\
-      interpreter of complete scripts, variables within the NCL script can\\
-      be steered by providing additional parameters with the ncl call\\
-      \texttt{\$ ncl ncl\underline{ }script.ncl parameter1=value}
-      \texttt{'parameter2=\dq string\dq ' ...}
+	   \item<2-> \textbf{Interactive mode}: \texttt{\$ ncl}\\	   
+      \hspace{2.95cm}\texttt{ncl 0> ...}
+      \item<2-> Each line is interpreted as it is entered
+      \item<3-> \textbf{Batch mode}: \texttt{\$ ncl ncl\underline{ }script.ncl}
+      \item<3-> Interpreter of complete scripts, variables within the NCL script can be steered by providing additional parameters with the NCL call:\\
+      \texttt{\$ ncl ncl\underline{ }script.ncl parameter1=value ...}
+       \item<4-> Since NCL is an interpreted language, \textbf{the excessive usage of loops seriously decrease the performance of NCL!}
    \end{itemize}  
 
@@ -121,16 +121,16 @@
 	   \begin{itemize}   
 	      \footnotesize
-	      \item<1-> data types
+	      \item<1-> data types (float, double, integer, logical, ...)
 	      \item<1-> variables
 	      \item<1-> operators
 	      \item<1-> expressions
 	      \item<1-> loops
-	      \item<1-> functions/procedures/graphics
+	      \item<1-> functions and procedures (e.g., \texttt{dim\_stat4(data\_array)})
       \end{itemize}  
 	   \item<2-> Features
 	   \begin{itemize}   
 	      \footnotesize
-	      \item<2-> query / manipulate meta data
-	      \item<2-> import data in a variety of formats
+	      \item<2-> manipulate meta data
+	      \item<2-> import data in a variety of formats (netCDF, ASCII, ...)
 	      \item<2-> array syntax / operations
 	      \item<2-> can use user FORTRAN/C codes and commercial libraries
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
    \small
    \begin{itemize}     
-      \item<1-> Detailed information is available under\\
+      \item<1-> Detailed information is available under:\\
                 \underline{http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Download/index.shtml}
-      \item<1-> Request an Earth System Grid account
+      \item<1-> For downloading, request an Earth System Grid account:\\
                 \underline{http://www.earthsystemgrid.org/}
       \item<2-> Download the appropriate binaries e.g. \texttt{A.tar.gz} 
@@ -154,6 +154,6 @@
       \item<2-> \texttt{\% gunzip \$HOME/A.tar.gz}
       \item<2-> \texttt{\% mkdir -p /usr/local}\\
-      \quad \texttt{\% cd /usr/local}\\
-      \quad \texttt{\% tar -xvf \$HOME/A.tar}
+      \texttt{\% cd /usr/local}\\
+      \texttt{\% tar -xvf \$HOME/A.tar}
    \end{itemize}  
 
@@ -166,5 +166,5 @@
    \begin{itemize}     
       \item<1-> Set the \texttt{NCARG\underline{ }ROOT} environment variable and
-                your search path to where NCL/NCARG resides\\
+                your search path to where NCL/NCARG resides:\\
                 csh: \texttt{setenv NCARG\underline{ }ROOT /usr/local/}\\
                 \hspace{1.6em} \texttt{setenv PATH /usr/local/bin:\$PATH}\\
@@ -173,13 +173,13 @@
       \vspace{3mm}
       \item<2-> Set the DISPLAY environment variable to indicate where to 
-                display graphics as for any X11 Windows application that you 
-                run\\
-                e.g. ksh: \texttt{export DISPLAY=localhost:13.0}, or use 
-                \texttt{ssh -X} to tunnel X-communication.\\
+                display graphics (as for any X11 Windows application that you 
+                run):\\
+                ksh: \texttt{export DISPLAY=localhost:13.0}, \\
+                or use \texttt{ssh -X} to tunnel X-communication
       \vspace{3mm}
-      \item<3-> Test your NCL installation\\
-                \quad \texttt{\% ng4ex gsun01}\\
-                NCL script gsun01n.ncl is copied to your working directory and 
-                run through NCL. An X11 window should pop up.
+      \item<3-> Test your NCL installation:\\
+                \quad \texttt{\% ng4ex gsun01n}\\
+                The NCL script gsun01n.ncl is copied to your working directory and 
+                executed by NCL. An X11 window should pop up.
    \end{itemize}  
 
@@ -191,5 +191,5 @@
    \footnotesize 
    \begin{itemize}     
-      \item<1-> Together with the PALM installation you have also received four NCL scripts, a configuration file and a manual; they can be found in the directory\\
+      \item<1-> Together with the PALM installation you have also received four NCL scripts, a configuration file and a manual; they can be found in the directory:\\
                 \texttt{\$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version/trunk/SCRIPTS/NCL/}
       \item<2-> All standard netCDF data output of PALM can be visualized by one
@@ -198,11 +198,11 @@
                    \scriptsize
                    \item[-]<2-> \texttt{cross\underline{ }sections.ncl} 
-                                (2D/3D data, e.g. contour or vector plots)
-                   \item[-]<2-> \texttt{profiles.ncl} (profile data)
+                                (contour or vector plots from 2D/3D data)
+                   \item[-]<2-> \texttt{profiles.ncl} (profiles from profiles/3D data)
                    \item[-]<2-> \texttt{timeseries.ncl} (time series data)
                    \item[-]<2-> \texttt{spectra.ncl} (spectra data)
                 \end{itemize}  
       \item<3-> To run these NCL scripts you can use the shell script 
-                \texttt{palmplot} which can be found in the directory\\
+                \texttt{palmplot} which can be found in the directory:\\
                 \texttt{\$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version/trunk/SCRIPTS}
       \item<4-> The output of the plots can be changed with several parameters;
@@ -218,16 +218,16 @@
    \frametitle{NCL Scripts Delivered with PALM (II)}
 
-   Using \texttt{.ncl.config}
-   \small
-   \begin{itemize}     
-      \item[-]<1-> Please create a personal configuration file by copying 
+   Using \texttt{.ncl.config}:
+   \small
+   \begin{itemize}     
+      \item<1-> Please create a personal configuration file by copying 
                    the default configuration file 
                    \texttt{.ncl.config.default} to the PALM working 
                    directory \texttt{\$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version}
                    and naming it \texttt{.ncl.config}
-      \item[-]<2-> \texttt{.ncl.config} is used by NCL directly, thus the 
+      \item<2-> \texttt{.ncl.config} is used by NCL directly, thus the 
                    parameters have to be written according to the rules of the 
                    scripting language NCL
-      \item[-]<3-> The configuration file contains all steering parameters with 
+      \item<3-> The configuration file contains all steering parameters with 
                    a short description and can be adjusted to personal needs
    \end{itemize}  
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
    \footnotesize
    \begin{itemize}     
-      \item[-]<1-> The shell script is used as follows:\\
+      \item<1-> The shell script is used as follows:\\
                    \texttt{palmplot <plot\underline{ }identifier>}
-      \item[-]<1-> \texttt{<plot\underline{ }identifier>} has to be \texttt{xy},
+      \item<1-> \texttt{<plot\underline{ }identifier>} has to be \texttt{xy},
                    \texttt{xz}, \texttt{yz}, \texttt{pr}, \texttt{sp} or 
                    \texttt{ts} depending on the data to be plotted
@@ -250,13 +250,15 @@
    \vspace{3mm}
    \onslide<2->
+   \begin{center}
       \begin{tabular}{ccc}
          \textbf{plot\underline{ }identifier} & \textbf{data used} & \textbf{ncl script}\\
-         xy & instantaneous or time-averaged xy or 3D data & cross\underline{ }sections.ncl\\
-         xz & instantaneous or time-averaged xz or 3D data & cross\underline{ }sections.ncl\\
-         yz & instantaneous or time-averaged yz or 3D data & cross\underline{ }sections.ncl\\
+         xy & xy or 3D data & cross\underline{ }sections.ncl\\
+         xz & xz or 3D data & cross\underline{ }sections.ncl\\
+         yz & yz or 3D data & cross\underline{ }sections.ncl\\
          pr & profile or 3D data & profiles.ncl\\
          sp & spectra data & spectra.ncl\\
          ts & time series data & timeseries.ncl\\ 
    \end{tabular}
+   \end{center}
 
 \end{frame}
@@ -269,19 +271,19 @@
    \footnotesize
    \begin{itemize}     
-      \item[-]<1-> To change the output of the plot you can also use:\\
+      \item<1-> To change the output of the plot you can also use the prompt:\\
                    \scriptsize 
                    \texttt{palmplot \textbf{plot\underline{ }identifier} 
-                   parameter=value parameter=string ...} 
+                   parameter=value parameter='string' ...} 
       \footnotesize \\
       \vspace{2mm}
-      \item[-]<2-> A list of all available parameters can be found in the 
+      \item<2-> A list of all available parameters can be found in the 
                    configuration file \texttt{.ncl.config} or in the 
                    documentation:\\
                    \uncover<3->{\texttt{http://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/wiki/doc/app/nclparlist}}\\
       \vspace{2mm}
-      \item[-]<4-> Parameters specified in the prompt override parameters given
+      \item<4-> Parameters specified in the prompt override parameters given
                    in the configuration file\\
       \vspace{2mm}
-      \item[-]<5-> String parameters which can contain lists (\texttt{var}, 
+      \item<5-> String parameters which can contain lists (\texttt{var}, 
                    \texttt{c\underline{ }var}, \texttt{vec1}, \texttt{vec2}, 
                    \texttt{plotvec}) have to be set in single quotes and the 
@@ -289,5 +291,5 @@
                    \texttt{var='pt u w'}\\
       \vspace{2mm}
-      \item[-]<6-> A short introduction for using the shell script is given by 
+      \item<6-> A short introduction for using the shell script is given by 
                    typing\\
                    \texttt{palmplot ?}
@@ -304,15 +306,20 @@
       \item<1-> Starting the example run with the command\\
                 \vspace{2mm}
-                \texttt{mrun -d example\underline{ }cbl ... -r
+                \hspace{0.5cm}\texttt{mrun -d example\underline{ }cbl ... -r
                         'd3\# pr\# ts\# xy\# xz\#'}\\
                 \vspace{2mm}
-                results in the following output files in\\
+                results in the following output files
+                
+                \hspace{0.5cm}\texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }pr.nc}, \texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }xy.nc},\\
+                 \hspace{0.5cm}\texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }xz.nc}, \texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }ts.nc}
+                
+                located in
+                
+                \hspace{0.5cm}\texttt{\$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version/JOBS/example\underline{ }cbl/OUTPUT/}
+
+                
+      \item<2-> Example: Visualization of time series data\\
                 \vspace{2mm}
-                \texttt{\$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version/JOBS/example\underline{ }cbl/OUTPUT/}:\\
-                \texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }pr.nc}, \texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }xy.nc}, \texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }xz.nc},\\
-                \texttt{example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }ts.nc}
-      \item<2-> Example: Visualization of the time series data\\
-                \vspace{2mm}
-                Goal: Output as eps-file \texttt{timeseries.eps} (by default the
+       \item<3-> Goal: Output the eps-file \texttt{timeseries.eps} (by default the
                 plot would be output to an X11 window)
    \end{itemize}     
@@ -327,14 +334,11 @@
    \begin{itemize}     
       \item<1-> In order to reach the goal you can either ...
-      \item<1-> ... Change to the directory\\
+      \item<1-> ... change to the directory\\
                 \texttt{\$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version/JOBS/example\underline{ }cbl/OUTPUT/}\\
-                and use the shell script with the command\\
-                \vspace{2mm}
-                \texttt{palmplot ts file\underline{ }1=example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }ts.nc format\underline{ }out=eps file\underline{ }out=timeseries}\\
-                \vspace{2mm}
-                Thus, the script \texttt{timeseries.ncl} is called and some of the parameters in the configuration file \texttt{.ncl.config} are directly set by specifying the related parameters in the command line,\\
-                \vspace{2mm}
-                \onslide<2-> e.g. \texttt{file\underline{ }1 = <netCDF file>} 
-                \textbf{(Note: the input file has always to be specified!)}, \texttt{file\underline{ }out = <output file>}
+                and use the shell script with the command:\\
+                \hspace{0.5cm}\texttt{palmplot ts file\underline{ }1=example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }ts.nc format\underline{ }out=eps}\\ 
+                \hspace{0.5cm}\texttt{file\underline{ }out=timeseries}\\
+                Thus, the script \texttt{timeseries.ncl} is called and some of the parameters in the configuration file \texttt{.ncl.config} are directly set by specifying the related parameters in the command line, e.\,g.,\\
+                \onslide<2-> \hspace{0.5cm}\texttt{file\underline{ }1 = <netCDF file> file\underline{ }out = <output file>}
    \end{itemize}     
 
@@ -346,5 +350,6 @@
                Run (example\underline{ }cbl) (III)}
    \footnotesize
-   ... or you can modify the configuration file \texttt{.ncl.config}, e.g.\\
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item<1-> ... or you can modify the configuration file \texttt{.ncl.config}, e.\,g.,\\
    \vspace{2mm}
    \texttt{if(.not. isvar(\dq file\underline{ }1\dq))then}\\
@@ -355,7 +360,8 @@
    \vspace{2mm}
 \texttt{if(.not. isvar(\dq file\underline{ }1\dq))then}\\
-   \quad \quad \texttt{file\underline{ }1 = \dq \$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version/JOBS/example\underline{ }cbl/OUTPUT/example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }ts.nc\dq}\\
+   \quad \quad \texttt{file\underline{ }1 = \dq \$HOME/palm/current\underline{ }version/JOBS/...}\\
+   \hspace{+2.3cm}\texttt{...example\underline{ }cbl/OUTPUT/example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }ts.nc\dq}\\
    \texttt{end if}
-
+\end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
@@ -371,5 +377,5 @@
    \end{itemize}
    \centering
-   \onslide<2->\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{ncl_figures/vis1.png}
+   \onslide<2->\includegraphics[scale=0.23]{ncl_figures/vis1.png}
    
 \end{frame}
@@ -381,5 +387,5 @@
    \footnotesize
    \begin{itemize}
-      \item<1-> If you only want to get the plot of the time series of one variable, e.g. the maximum of the velocity component u, you can add the command line parameter \texttt{var='umax'} or modify the configuration file respectively, e.g.\\
+      \item<1-> If you only want to get the plot of the time series of just one variable, e.\,g., the maximum of the velocity component $u$, you can add the command line parameter \texttt{var='umax'} or modify the configuration file respectively, e.\,g.,\\
       \vspace{2mm}
       \texttt{if(.not. isvar(\dq var\dq ))then}\\
@@ -387,4 +393,5 @@
       \texttt{end if}
    \end{itemize}
+   \vspace{+0.2cm}
    \centering
    \onslide<2->\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{ncl_figures/vis2.png}
@@ -397,19 +404,17 @@
    \frametitle{Application Example: Visualization of the Output of the Example 
                Run (example\underline{ }cbl) (VI)}
-   \footnotesize
-   Plot profiles with the command\\
-   \quad \texttt{palmplot pr file\underline{ }1=example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }pr.nc}\\
-   \vspace{3mm}
-   Profiles of same dimension are plotted\\
-   together, e.g. total, resolved and\\
-   subgridscale temperature flux (default)\\
-   \vspace{3mm}
-   (This composition is written to the\\
-   NetCDF header by the \texttt{d3par}\\
-   parameter \texttt{cross\underline{ }profiles})\\
-   \vspace{3mm}
-   If you add the parameter var=all to\\
-   the command, all profiles will be plotted\\
-   separately 
+   %\footnotesize
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item Plot profiles with the command\\
+   \quad \texttt{palmplot pr}\\
+   \quad \texttt{file\underline{ }1=example\underline{ }cbl\underline{ }pr.nc}
+   \item Profiles of same dimension are\\ 
+            plotted together, e.\,g., total, \\
+            resolved and sub-grid scale \\
+            temperature flux (default)
+    \item If you add the parameter \\
+            \texttt{var='all'} to the command,\\
+            all profiles are plotted separately 
+   \end{itemize}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
       \node at (current page.north west){%
@@ -426,5 +431,5 @@
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{More Comments}
-   \small
+   \footnotesize
    \begin{itemize}     
       \item<1-> The other NCL scripts delivered with PALM can be used in 
@@ -432,12 +437,14 @@
                 differ from script to script
       \item<2-> There are plenty of parameters for each script. Please have a 
-                look to the NCL documentation 
-                (\texttt{http://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/wiki/doc/app/nclparlist})
+                look to the NCL documentation\\
+                
+                \quad \texttt{http://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/wiki/doc/app/nclparlist}\\
+                
                 for detailed information 
-      \item<3-> If one of the program aborts and there is no comment, 
-                check the configuration file - the scripts should not abort with
-                the default values. Be sure to use the right data type 
-                (e.g.: integer = 2; float = 2.0; double = 2.0d; 
-                string = \dq name\dq )  
+      \item<3-> If one of the programs aborts and there is no comment, 
+                check the configuration file! The scripts should not abort with
+                default values. Be sure to use the right data type 
+                (e.\,g., \texttt{integer = 2}, \texttt{float = 2.0}, \texttt{double = 2.0d}, 
+                \texttt{string = \dq name\dq})!
    \end{itemize}   
 \end{frame}
Index: /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/particle_model_cloud_physics.tex
===================================================================
--- /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/particle_model_cloud_physics.tex	(revision 1531)
+++ /palm/trunk/TUTORIAL/SOURCE/particle_model_cloud_physics.tex	(revision 1532)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 %$Id$
 \input{header_tmp.tex}
-%\input{../header_lectures.tex}
+%\input{header_lectures.tex}
 
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@
 \usepackage{graphicx}
 \usepackage{listings}
+\usepackage{textcomp}  %neues paket
 \lstset{showspaces=false,language=fortran,basicstyle=
         \ttfamily,showstringspaces=false,captionpos=b}
 
-\institute{Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz UniversitÃ€t Hannover}
+\institute{Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover}
 \selectlanguage{english}
 \date{last update: \today}
@@ -46,5 +47,4 @@
   }
 %\logo{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{luhimuk_logo.pdf}}
-
 \title[PALM's Lagrangian Particle Model]{PALM's Lagrangian Particle Model}
 \author{PALM group}
@@ -69,5 +69,5 @@
 	   \begin{itemize}
 	   \footnotesize
-	      \item Cloud droplet simulation
+	      \item Cloud droplet simulations
 	      \item Dispersion modeling / Footprint analysis 
 	      \item Visualization
@@ -77,6 +77,6 @@
       \begin{itemize}
          \footnotesize
-	      \item Particles can be transported (advected) \textbf{passively} with the \textbf{resolved-scale} flow
-	      \item Particle transport by the subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence can be included by switching on a stochastic SGS model for the particle transport (parameter: \texttt{use\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }for\underline{ }particles})
+	      \item Particles can be transported \textbf{passively} with the \textbf{resolved-scale} flow
+	      \item Particle transport by \textbf{subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence} can be included by switching on a stochastic model (parameter: \texttt{use\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }for\underline{ }particles})
 	      \item Particles can be given a mass and thus an \textbf{inertia} and a \textbf{radius} which affects their \textbf{flow resistance} (parameter: \texttt{density\underline{ }ratio}, \texttt{radius})
       \end{itemize}   
@@ -445,7 +445,8 @@
    \frametitle{Basic Particle Parameters (V)}
    \small
-   Parameter that defines the mode of particle movement: \\
+   Parameter that defines the mode of particle movement: 
+   \vspace{+2mm}
+   
    The concept of LES ...\\
-   \vspace{-5mm}
    \begin{center}
       \includegraphics[scale=0.1]{particle_model_figures/basic_particle_parameters_5.png}
@@ -453,38 +454,29 @@
    \vspace{-5mm}
    \onslide<2->
-   ... transferred to the embedded particle model leads to particle velocity\\
-   \vspace{1mm}
-   \begin{columns}[T]
-      \begin{column}{0.35\textwidth}
-         $\vec{V}_{i_{\text{particle}}} = \vec{V}_{i_{\text{resolved}}} + \vec{V}_{i_{\text{subgrid}}}$
-      \end{column}
-      \begin{column}{0.55\textwidth}
-         \scriptsize
+   ... transferred to the embedded particle model leads to particle velocity:\\
+   \begin{center}
+         $\vec{V}_{{\text{particle}}} = \vec{V}_{{\text{resolved}}} + \vec{V}_{{\text{subgrid}}}$\\
+    \end{center}
          \onslide<3->
-         Particle movement as a result of 
+         \scriptsize 
+         Accordingly, the particle movement is a result of: 
          \begin{itemize}
-            \item advection, resolved turbulence $\vec{V}_{i_{\text{resolved}}}$
+            \scriptsize 
+            \item<3-> resolved flow $\vec{V}_{{\text{resolved}}}$
             \vspace{-2mm}
-            \item and subgrid turbulence $\vec{V}_{i_{\text{subgrid}}}$
+            \item<3-> and subgrid scale turbulence $\vec{V}_{{\text{subgrid}}}$
+            \begin{itemize}
+            \scriptsize 
+            \item<4-> $\vec{V}_{{\text{subgrid}}}=0$, if \texttt{use\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }for\underline{ }particles = .F.} (default value)
+\item<4-> $\vec{V}_{{\text{subgrid}}}\ne0$, if \texttt{use\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }for\underline{ }particles = .T. } determination of the subgrid part of the particle velocity as a solution of a stochastic differential equation (see Weil et al., 2004, JAS)
+
+            \end{itemize}
          \end{itemize}
-      \end{column}
-   \end{columns}
-   
-   \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-      \node [shift={(6 cm,-6.3cm)}]  at (current page.north west)
-         {%
-         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-            \uncover<4->{\draw[->, ultra thick] (-2.05,0) -- (-5,-0.8);
-            \node[text width=14em] at (-3.2,-1.5) {\scriptsize $=0$, if \texttt{use\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }for\underline{ }particles = .F.} (default value)\\};}
-            \uncover<5->{\draw[->, ultra thick] (-1.95,0) -- (0,-0.8);
-            \node[text width=20em] at (3.2,-1.5) {\scriptsize $\ne0$, if \texttt{use\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }for\underline{ }particles = .T.}\\ determination of the subgrid part of the particle velocity as a solution of a stochastic differential equation\\};
-            \node[text width=14em] at (2.5,-2.5) {\scriptsize requires initialization parameter \texttt{use\underline{ }upstream\underline{ }for\underline{ }tke = .T.}\\ };}
-         \end{tikzpicture}
-         };
-    \end{tikzpicture}
-
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 12
+
+
+
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 9
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Basic Particle Parameters (VI)}
@@ -576,5 +568,5 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 13
+% Folie 10
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Basic Particle Parameters (VIII)}
@@ -594,6 +586,6 @@
          \hspace{11.0em}location etc.
          \vspace{1mm}
-         \item \texttt{DATA\underline{ }PRT\underline{ }NETCDF}:
-         \hspace{2.5em}contains \textbf{all} particle data (see slide\\
+         \item \texttt{PARTICLE\underline{ }DATA}:
+         \hspace{3.5em}contains \textbf{all} particle data (see slide\\
          \hspace{11.0em}The Data Type Used for Particles),\\
          \hspace{11.0em}output is controlled by\\
@@ -604,19 +596,18 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 14
+% Folie 11
 \begin{frame}[fragile]
    \frametitle{An Example of a Particle NAMELIST}
-   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=0.7\textwidth, font=\Tiny,scale=1.2]
+   \vspace{+0.1cm}
+   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=1.0\textwidth, font=\footnotesize,scale=1.0]
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node [yellow] {\begin{lstlisting}  
-&inipar          cloud_droplets = .TRUE., ................ /
-
-&particles_par   dt_dopts = 25.0,
+ &particles_par  dt_dopts = 25.0,
                  bc_par_b = 'absorb',
-                 density_ratio = 0.001, radius = 1.0E-6,
-                 initial_weighting_factor = 1.0E10,
+                 density_ratio = 0.001, 
+                 radius = 1.0E-6,
                  psb = 35.0, pst = 255.0,
                  psl = 935.0, psr = 1065.0,
-                 pss = -5.0,
+                 pss = -5.0, psn = 30.0,
                  pdx = 20.0, pdy = 20.0, pdz = 20.0,
                  random_start_position = .TRUE., /
@@ -624,6 +615,7 @@
    };
    \end{tikzpicture}
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item<2-> \small Several (up to 10) so called particle groups with different density ratio, radius, and starting positions can be defined by setting parameter number\underline{ }of\underline{ }particle\underline{ }groups to the required number of groups, and by assigning values for each particle groups to the respective parameters (e.g. \texttt{density\_ratio = 0.001, 0.0}, etc.)
+   \vspace{-5mm}
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item<2-> \small Several (up to 10) so-called particle groups with different density ratio, radius, and starting positions can be defined by setting parameter \texttt{number\underline{ }of\underline{ }particle\underline{ }groups} to the required number of groups, and by assigning values for each particle groups to the respective parameters (e.\,g., \texttt{density\_ratio = 0.001, 0.0}, etc.)
    \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
@@ -632,22 +624,27 @@
 \subsection{Theory}
 
-% Folie 15
+% Folie 12
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (I)}
    \footnotesize
-   \textbf{Advection of Passive particles}\\
+   \textbf{Advection of Passive Particles}\\
    \vspace{1mm}
-   The position of a particle is found by integrating $ \dfrac{d \vec{X}_{\text{particle}}}{dt} = \vec{V}_{\text{particle}}$\\
-   \vspace{2mm}
-   \onslide<2->Transferring the LES concept ...
-   \includegraphics[scale=0.1]{particle_model_figures/basic_particle_parameters_5.png}\\
-   \vspace{-2mm}
-   \scriptsize \hspace{2em}total energy\hspace{2.25em}=\hspace{3em}resolved part\hspace{2.5em}+\hspace{3em}modelled part\\
-   \vspace{1mm}
-   \small ... to the embedded particle model leads to: $\vec{V}_{\text{particle}} = \vec{V}_{\text{res}} (+ \vec{V}_{\text{sub}})$\\
-   \vspace{2mm}
-   \onslide<3->$\vec{V}_{\text{res}}:$\\ 
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item The position of the particle is found by integrating $ \dfrac{d \vec{X}_{\text{particle}}}{dt} = \vec{V}_{\text{particle}}$ 
+   \item The particle's velocity consist of a resolved and a subgrid part:\\
+   \begin{center}
+    $\vec{V}_{\text{particle}} = \vec{V}_{\text{res}} (+ \vec{V}_{\text{sub}})$\\
+    \end{center}
+%   \vspace{2mm}
+%   \onslide<2->Transferring the LES concept ...
+%   \includegraphics[scale=0.1]{particle_model_figures/basic_particle_parameters_5.png}\\
+%   \vspace{-2mm}
+%   \scriptsize \hspace{2em}total energy\hspace{2.25em}=\hspace{3em}resolved part\hspace{2.5em}+\hspace{3em}modelled part\\
+%   \vspace{1mm}
+%   \small ... to the embedded particle model leads to: $\vec{V}_{\text{particle}} = \vec{V}_{\text{res}} (+ \vec{V}_{\text{sub}})$\\
+%   \vspace{2mm}
+   \item<2-> The resolved part $\vec{V}_{\text{res}}$ is derived by a tri-linear interpolation: 
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-      \node [shift={(1.7 cm,0.6cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
+      \node [shift={(1.7 cm,2.8cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
          {%   
          \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.3,remember picture, overlay]
@@ -682,5 +679,5 @@
          \end{tikzpicture}
          };
-      \node [shift={(5.8 cm,0.6cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
+      \node [shift={(5.8 cm,2.8cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
          {%   
          \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.3,remember picture, overlay]
@@ -709,5 +706,5 @@
          \end{tikzpicture}
          };
-      \node [shift={(9 cm,0.6cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
+      \node [shift={(9 cm,2.8cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
          {%   
          \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.3,remember picture, overlay]
@@ -720,7 +717,11 @@
          };
       \end{tikzpicture}
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 16
+      
+      \vspace{+2.5cm}
+      \item<3-> The $\vec{V}_{\text{sub}}$ is only computed if \texttt{use\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }for\underline{ }particles = .T.} (this also requires \texttt{use\underline{ }upstream\underline{ }for\underline{ }tke = .T.} in the \texttt{inipar} namelist). Then, a solution for $\vec{V}_{\text{sub}}$ is derived from a stochastic differential equation (see Weil et al., 2004, JAS). 
+            \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 13
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (II)}
@@ -728,10 +729,10 @@
    \textbf{Advection of Non-passive Particles}\\
    \ \\
-   Advection of particles by the non-linear drag law following Clift et al., 1978\\
+   Newton's second law for a droplet (considering Stoke's drag, gravity and buoyancy):\\
    \vspace{4mm}
    $\dfrac{dV_i}{dt} = \dfrac{1}{\tau_p} (u_i - V_i) - \delta_{i3}( 1 - \rho_0 / \rho_l ) g$\\
       \vspace{2mm}
-   with $\tau_p^{-1} = \dfrac{9 v \rho_0}{2 r^2 \rho_l} \left( 1 + 0.15 \text{Re}^{0.687} \right)$ and $\text{Re} = \dfrac{2r \left| \vec{u}_i - \vec{V}_i \right|}{\nu} $\\
-   \vspace{5mm}
+  with the inertial response time $\tau_p^{-1} = \dfrac{9 \nu \rho_0}{2 r^2 \rho_l} \left( 1 + 0.15 \text{Re}^{0.687} \right)$ including a correction term (in parenthesis) for high Reynolds numbers (see Clift et al., 1978)\\%based on $\text{Re} = \dfrac{2r \left| \vec{u}_i - \vec{V}_i \right|}{\nu} $ (see Clift et al., 1978)\\
+   \vspace{10mm}
    \onslide<1->
    \begin{tabular}{llll}
@@ -744,5 +745,5 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 17
+% Folie 14
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (III)}
@@ -751,11 +752,11 @@
    \small
    \begin{itemize}
-      \item This feature is switched on by setting the initial parameter \texttt{cloud\_droplets = .TRUE.}.
-      \item In this case, the change in particle radius by condensation/evaporation and collision is calculated for every timestep.
-      \item In case of condensation or evaporation, the potential temperature and the specific humidity has to be adjusted in the respective grid volumes. This is done within the subroutine \texttt{interaction\_droplets\_ptq}.
-   \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 18
+      \item This feature is switched on by setting the initial parameter \texttt{cloud\_droplets = .TRUE.}
+      \item In this case, the change in particle radius by condensation/evaporation and collision/coalescence is calculated for every timestep.
+      \item In case of condensation or evaporation, the potential temperature and the specific humidity (computed by the LES) have to be adjusted. This is done within the subroutine \texttt{interaction\_droplets\_ptq}, which is therefore the major coupling between the LES and the LPM.
+   \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 15
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (IV)}
@@ -770,26 +771,18 @@
          \item Every simulated droplet stands for a very high number\\ of real droplets
          \vspace{1mm}
-         \item Concept of weighting factor: $A_i=$ real number of droplets represented by one simulated droplet
-         \vspace{2mm}
+         \item Concept of weighting factor (Shima et al., 2009, QJRMS):\\
+         \begin{center}
+          $A_i = \textit{real number of droplets represented by one simulated droplet}$
+              \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{particle_model_figures/super.jpg}
+          \end{center}
+         \vspace{-2mm}
          \item Initial weighting factor can be assigned with the parameter \texttt{initial\underline{ }weighting\underline{ }factor}
       \end{itemize}
-      \vspace{1mm}
-      \item Calculation of liquid water content: $ \text{LWC} = \omega_l = \dfrac{\rho_L}{\Delta V} \sum\limits^{N_p}_{i=1} A_i \cdot \dfrac{4}{3} \pi r_i^3$
-      \vspace{1mm}
-      \item Droplets can change radius by condensation/evaporation and collision
    \end{itemize}
    
-   \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-      \node [shift={(11.7 cm,6.5cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
-         {%
-         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-            \node at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{particle_model_figures/real_simulated.png}};
-         \end{tikzpicture}
-         };
-   \end{tikzpicture}  
-
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 19
+
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 16
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (V)}
@@ -798,42 +791,34 @@
    \scriptsize
    \begin{itemize}
-      \item \textbf{Condensation/evaporation}\\
+      \item The growth of the radius of single droplet by condensation/evaporation:\\
       \vspace{1mm}
-      $ r_i \dfrac{dr_i}{dt} = \dfrac{(S - ar^{-1} + br^{-3})}{F_k + F_d}$\\
+      $ r_i \dfrac{dr_i}{dt} = \dfrac{(S - a\,r^{-1} + b\,r^{-3})}{F_\text{k} + F_\text{d}}$\\
       \vspace{1mm}
-      with $S = \dfrac{e}{e_s}-1$, \quad $F_k = \left( \dfrac{L}{R_v T} -1 \right) \dfrac{L \rho_l}{KT}$ \quad and \quad $F_d = \dfrac{\rho_l R_v T}{D e_s(t)}$\\
-      \vspace{2mm}
-      \qquad $a = 2 \sigma/(\rho_l R_v T) \qquad \rightarrow$  Curvature effect\\
-      \qquad $b = 3 i_\text{s} m_v M / (4 \pi \rho_l m_s) \rightarrow$ Solution effect
+      primarily depending on the supersaturation $S = e / e_\text{s}-1$, including the effects of the particle's curvature (parameter $a$) and amount of solute aerosol (parameter $b$)
       \vspace{1.5mm}
-      \item<2-> For $r > \unit{1}{\mu m}$  solution and curvature effects are neglected: \\
-      $ r_i \dfrac{dr_i}{dt} = \dfrac{S}{F_k + F_d} \rightarrow r_i(t) = \sqrt{ r_{i,0}^2 + 2 \cdot \Delta t \cdot \left( \dfrac{S}{F_k + F_d} \right)}$
-   \end{itemize}
-   \vspace{0mm}
+      \item<2-> For $r > 1\,\text{\textmu m}$ solution and curvature effects are neglected $\Rightarrow$ an analytic solution is possible: \\
+      $ r_i \dfrac{dr_i}{dt} = \dfrac{S}{F_k + F_d} \Rightarrow r_i(t) = \sqrt{ r_{i,0}^2 + 2 \cdot \Delta t \cdot \left( \dfrac{S}{F_\text{k} + F_\text{d}} \right)}$
+   \end{itemize}
+   \vspace{1.0cm}
+   \hspace{0.5cm}
    \begin{tabular}{llll}
-	   $D$   & = Coefficient of diffusion   & $L$   & = Latent heat\\
-	   $e$    & = Vapor pressure            & $r$   & = Droplet radius\\
-	   $e_s$ & = Saturation vapor pressure  & $R_v$ & = Gas constant for water vapor\\ 
-	   $F_k$ & = Effect of heat conduction  & $S$   & = Supersaturation\\
-	   $F_d$ & = Effect of vapor diffusion  & $T$   & = Temperature\\
-	   $K$ & = Coefficient of thermal conductivity  & $\rho_L$ & = Density of water\\
-	   	 &                                & $i_\text{s}$  & = van't Hoff factor\\
+	   $r$   & = Droplet radius & $S$   & = Supersaturation\\
+	   $a$ & = Curvature effect    & $b$  & = Solution effect\\
+	   $e$ & = Vapor pressure  &  $e_\text{s}$ & = Saturation vapor pressure\\  
+	   $F_\text{k}$ & = Effect of heat conduction & $F_\text{d}$ & = Effect of vapor diffusion
    \end{tabular}
 
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 20
+% Folie 17
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (VI)}
    \footnotesize
-   \textbf{Simulation of Cloud Droplets (III)}\\
-   \ \\
-   \scriptsize
-   Concept of droplet collision with collision efficiency = 1
+   \textbf{Simulation of Cloud Droplets (III)} -- Idealized concept of droplet collisions\\
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-      \node [shift={(5.0cm,3.7cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
+      \node [shift={(6.0cm,4.0cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
          {%
          \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-            \node at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{particle_model_figures/collision1.png}};
+            \node at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{particle_model_figures/collision1.png}};
          \end{tikzpicture}
          };
@@ -841,31 +826,19 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 21
+% Folie 18
 \begin{frame}[t]
    \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (VII)}
    \footnotesize
    \textbf{Simulation of Cloud Droplets (IV)}\\
-   \ \\
-   \scriptsize
-   Concept of droplet collision with collision efficiency $\neq$ 1  
-   \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-      \node [shift={(5.0cm,4.0cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
-         {%
-         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-            \node (pic2) at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{particle_model_figures/collision2.png}};
-            \node[below=0.0cm of pic2] {Liquid water content is kept constant: $\sum\limits^{N_p}_{i=1} A_i^{\ast} \cdot r_i^{\ast 3} = \sum\limits^{N_p}_{i=1} A_i \cdot r_i^3$};
-         \end{tikzpicture}
-         };
-   \end{tikzpicture} 
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 22
-\begin{frame}[t]
-   \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (VIII)}
-   \footnotesize
-   \textbf{Simulation of Cloud Droplets (V)}\\
    \scriptsize   
    \begin{itemize}
-      \item Calculation of droplet growth due to \textbf{collisions} follows a statistical approach (e.\,g., Rogers and Yau, 1989)
+      \item Calculation of droplet growth due to collisions considers three types of collisions: 
+      \vspace{-0.4cm}
+      \begin{enumerate}
+      \scriptsize
+          \item collisions with smaller droplets $\Rightarrow$ increase the radius
+          \item collisions with larger droplets $\Rightarrow$ decrease the weighting factor
+          \item internal collisions $\Rightarrow$ decrease the weighting factor and increase the radius
+      \end{enumerate}
       \item Two prognostic quantities: Weighting factor $A_n$ and mass of super-droplet expressed as volume averaged droplet radius $r_n=(m_n / (4/3 \pi \rho_\text{l} A_n))^{1/3}$:
          \scriptsize
@@ -876,42 +849,38 @@
 \end{alignat*}
 \end{itemize}
-%   \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-%      \node [shift={(11 cm,3.5cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
-%         {%
-%         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-%            \node at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{particle_model_figures/droplet_falling.png}};
-%         \end{tikzpicture}
-%         };
-%   \end{tikzpicture}  
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 23
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 19
 \begin{frame}[t]
-   \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (IX)}
+   \frametitle{Theory of the Lagrangian Particle Model (VIII)}
    \footnotesize
-   \textbf{Simulation of Cloud Droplets (VI)}\\
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item \textbf{Collision kernel without turbulence effects} \\
+   \textbf{Simulation of Cloud Droplets (V)}\\
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item \textbf{Collision kernel without turbulence effects}:\\
       \vspace{1mm}
-      $K(R,r) = \pi(R + r)^2 \cdot E^g(R,r) \cdot [ u(R) - u(r)]$\\
+      $K(r_\text{n}, r_\text{m}) = \pi(r_\text{n} + r_\text{m})^2 \cdot E(r_\text{n}, r_\text{m}) \cdot [ u(r_\text{n}) - u(r_\text{m})]$\\
       \vspace{3mm}
-      \item \textbf{Collision kernel with turbulence effects\\ from Ayala and Wang}\\
+      \item \textbf{Collision kernel with turbulence effects} \\
+      (Ayala et al., 2008, NJP; \\
+      Wang and Grabowski, 2009, ASL):\\
       \vspace{1mm}
-      $K(R,r) = 2 \pi (R + r)^2 \cdot \eta_E E^g \langle| w_r |\rangle g_{Rr} $\\
-      \vspace{3mm}
+      $K(r_\text{n}, r_\text{m}) = 2 \pi (r_\text{n} + r_\text{m})^2 \cdot \textcolor{red}{\eta_E} E(r_\text{n}, r_\text{m}) \cdot \textcolor{red}{\langle| w_r |\rangle} \textcolor{red}{g_\text{RDF}} $\\
+      \vspace{+1mm}
+      all \textcolor{red}{red} variables parameterize effects of turbulence
+            \vspace{3mm}
    \end{itemize}
     \begin{tabular}{ll}
-	   $\eta_E$ & = turbulent enhancement factor for collision efficiency \\
-	   $E^g$ & = collection efficiency \\
+	   $\eta_E$ & = turbulent enhancement of collision efficiency \\
+	   $E$ & = collision efficiency (Hall, 1980, JAS)\\
       $\langle| w_r |\rangle$ & = radial relative velocity \\
-      $g_{Rr}$ & = radial distribution function \\
+      $g_\text{RDF}$ & = radial distribution function 
    \end{tabular}
 
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-      \node [shift={(11 cm,6.5cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
+      \node [shift={(11.2 cm,6.5cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
          {%
          \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-            \node (pic1) at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{particle_model_figures/falkowich.png}};
-            \node[below=0.0cm of pic1] {Falkowich, 2010};
+            \node (pic1) at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.48]{particle_model_figures/shaw.pdf}};
+            \node[below=0.0cm of pic1] {(Shaw, 2003)};
          \end{tikzpicture}
          };
@@ -923,5 +892,5 @@
          \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
             \node (pic2) at (0.0,0.0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{particle_model_figures/malinowski.png}};
-            \node[below=0.0cm of pic2] {Malinowski, 2010};
+            \node[below=0.0cm of pic2] {(Malinowski, 2010)};
          \end{tikzpicture}
          };
@@ -932,5 +901,253 @@
 \subsection{Implementation}
 
+% Folie 20
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+   \frametitle{The Data Type Used for Particles}
+   \small
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item Particles are stored in a FORTRAN derived data type
+      \item A derived data type consists of several elements, which can be accessed by the \texttt{\%} operator
+   \end{itemize}
+   \vspace{-0.1cm}
+   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=1.0\textwidth, font=\scriptsize,scale=1.0]
+   \begin{tikzpicture}
+   \node [yellow] {\begin{lstlisting}  
+    TYPE particle_type
+        SEQUENCE
+        REAL(wp)     ::  radius, age, age_m, dt_sum,      &
+                         dvrp_psize, e_m,                 &
+                         origin_x, origin_y, origin_z,    &
+                         rvar1, rvar2, rvar3,             &
+                         speed_x, speed_y, speed_z,       &
+                         weight_factor, x, y, z
+        INTEGER(iwp) ::  class, group, tailpoints, tail_id
+        LOGICAL      ::  particle_mask
+        INTEGER(iwp) ::  block_nr
+    END TYPE particle_type
+\end{lstlisting}
+   };
+   \end{tikzpicture}
+   \vspace{-0.6cm}
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item Example: \texttt{TYPE(particle\_type) :: particle}\\
+      \hspace{1.5cm}\texttt{particle\%radius = 1.0E-6}
+   \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% Folie 21
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (I)}
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item Handling hundreds of millions of particles, efficient storing is essential for a good performance
+   \item The easiest method for storing Lagrangian particles is an one-dimensional array
+   \item Most applications demand particles located at a certain location (e.\,g., collision process is computed for all particles located in a certain grid box)
+      \item Finding this particles demands \texttt{N}$^2$ operations:
+      \scriptsize
+\begin{lstlisting}
+DO  n = 1, N
+   DO  k = 1, N
+      IF ( k /= n )  THEN
+         IF ( ABS( particles(k)%x - particles(n)%x )   &
+              < threshold )  THEN
+            ...
+         ENDIF
+      ENDIF
+   ENDDO
+ENDDO
+\end{lstlisting}
+   \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 22
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (I)}
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item Sorting the particles by their respective grid-box reduces the operations to \texttt{N}:
+         \scriptsize
+\begin{lstlisting}
+DO  n = n_start(k,j,i), n_end(k,j,i)
+   ...
+ENDDO
+\end{lstlisting}
+\normalsize
+\item This was done in the previous version of PALM, reducing CPU time of LPM by 9.6\,\%
+\item However, sorting increases CPU time and demands a second, one-dimensional array for efficient sorting
+\item<2-> To overcome these issues, a new approach has been developed for the current version of PALM: \\
+\begin{center}
+\textbf{a four-dimensional array}
+\end{center}
+   \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% Folie 23
+\begin{frame}[t]
+   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (III)}
+   \small
+   \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]
+      \definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0.2,0.7,0.2}
+      
+      % Coordinates
+      \coordinate (OL) at (-4,4);     
+      \coordinate (OC) at (0,4);
+      \coordinate (OR) at (4,4);
+      \coordinate (ML) at (-4,0);
+      \coordinate (MC) at (0,0);
+      \coordinate (MR) at (4,0);
+      \coordinate (UL) at (-4,-4);     
+      \coordinate (UC) at (0,-4);
+      \coordinate (UR) at (4,-4);
+      
+      \coordinate (OL2) at (-2,2);
+      \coordinate (OR2) at (2,2);
+      \coordinate (UR2) at (2,-2);
+      \coordinate (UL2) at (-2,-2);
+      
+      \coordinate (P1) at (-1,1);
+      \coordinate (P2) at (1.8,-1.3);
+      \coordinate (P3) at (0.4,-0.9);
+      \coordinate (P4) at (1,0.7);
+      \coordinate (P5) at (-1.3,-1.4);
+      \coordinate (P6) at (-1.8,1.6);
+      \coordinate (part_box) at (6,2);
+    
+      % Draw Boxes
+      \draw[-] (OL) -- (OR) -- (UR) -- (UL) -- cycle;
+      \draw[-] (OC) -- (UC);
+      \draw[-] (ML) -- (MR);      
+      \draw[-,dashed] (OL2) -- (OR2) -- (UR2) -- (UL2) -- cycle;
+      
+      \draw[-, thick] (MC) -- (part_box);
+      
+      % Draw dots
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (OL) {};      
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (OC) {};
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (OR) {};
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (ML) {};
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (MC) {};
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (MR) {};
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (UL) {};
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (UC) {};
+      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (UR) {};
+
+      \uncover<1>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=red, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P1) {};}
+      \uncover<1-2>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=yellow, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P2) {};}
+      \uncover<1-3>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=green, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P3) {};}
+      \uncover<1-4>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=blue, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P4) {};}
+      \uncover<1-5>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=violet, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P5) {};}
+      \uncover<1-6>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=magenta, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P6) {};}
+      
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (OL) {\tiny \texttt{i-1,j+1}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (OC) {\tiny \texttt{i,j+1}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (OR) {\tiny \texttt{i+1,j+1}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (ML) {\tiny \texttt{i-1,j}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (MC) {\tiny \texttt{i,j}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (MR) {\tiny \texttt{i+1,j}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (UL) {\tiny \texttt{i-1,j-1}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (UC) {\tiny \texttt{i,j-1}};
+      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (UR) {\tiny \texttt{i+1,j-1}};
+      
+      
+      % draw particle box
+      \node at (part_box) [scale=1.0] {%
+      \begin{tikzpicture}
+         \draw[-, thick, fill=white] (-0.2,0.2) -- (0.2,0.2) -- (0.2,-1.7) -- (-0.2,-1.7) -- cycle;
+         \uncover<2->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=red, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,0) {};}
+         \uncover<3->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=yellow, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-0.3) {};}
+         \uncover<4->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=green, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-0.6) {};}
+         \uncover<5->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=blue, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-0.9) {};}
+         \uncover<6->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=violet, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-1.2) {};}
+         \uncover<7->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=magenta, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-1.5) {};}
+         
+      \end{tikzpicture}
+      };
+      
+      \uncover<1->{\node[text width=10em] at (10,0) {\scriptsize - All particles located in a certain grid-box are stored in a \textit{small} one-dimensional particle array permanently assigned to their grid-box\\
+      \ \\
+      - LPM CPU time decreases by 22\,\%\\
+      \ \\
+      - Available memory doubles, since no large additional arrays are needed for assigning the particles to their grid-box\\};}
+   \end{tikzpicture}
+
+\end{frame}
+
 % Folie 24
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (IV)}
+   \scriptsize
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item A new \textbf{3D-array} of another FORTRAN derived data type: \texttt{grid\_particle\_def}
+   \item This type contains, as an element, a \textbf{1D-array} of the FORTRAN derived data type \texttt{particle\_type}, in which the particles, located at that grid box, are stored
+   \end{itemize}
+   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=1.05\textwidth, font=\scriptsize,scale=0.95]
+   \begin{tikzpicture}
+   \node[yellow]{\begin{lstlisting}  
+ TYPE  grid_particle_def
+     TYPE(particle_type), DIMENSION(:) ::  particles 
+ END TYPE grid_particle_def
+
+ TYPE(grid_particle_def), DIMENSION(:,:,:) ::  grid_particles
+\end{lstlisting}
+   };
+   \end{tikzpicture}
+   \vspace{-4mm}
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item Particles can be accessed by the indices of their respective grid-box:
+   \scriptsize
+   \vspace{-2mm}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+DO  i = nxl, nxr
+  DO  j = nys, nyn
+    DO  k = nzb+1, nzt
+      n_par = prt_count(k,j,i)
+      IF ( n_par <= 0 )  CYCLE
+      particles(1:n_par) = &
+        grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:n_par)
+      DO  n = 1, n_par
+        particles(n)%radius = 1.0E-6
+      ENDDO
+      :
+\end{lstlisting}
+%    ENDDO
+%  ENDDO
+%ENDDO
+%\end{lstlisting}
+      \end{itemize}
+   
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% Folie 25
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+   \frametitle{How to Read Particle Data from an External Program}
+   \scriptsize
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item An example program for reading \texttt{PARTICLE\_DATA} can be found in the PALM repository under \texttt{...../trunk/UTIL/analyze\underline{ }particle\underline{ }data.f90}
+     \item For the format \texttt{PARTICLE\_DATA} see beginning of subroutine \texttt{lpm\_data\_output\_particles} (one file per PE, i.e. filenames \underline{ }0000, \underline{ }0001, etc.)
+   \end{itemize}
+   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=1.05\textwidth, font=\scriptsize,scale=1.0]
+   \begin{tikzpicture}
+   \node [yellow] {\begin{lstlisting}  
+WRITE ( 85 )  simulated_time
+WRITE ( 85 )  prt_count
+          
+DO  ip = nxl, nxr
+  DO  jp = nys, nyn
+    DO  kp = nzb+1, nzt
+      n_par = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
+      particles(1:n_par) = &
+        grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:n_par)
+      IF ( n_par <= 0 )  CYCLE
+      WRITE ( 85 )  particles
+    ENDDO
+  ENDDO
+ENDDO
+\end{lstlisting}
+   };
+   \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 26
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Flow Chart of Particle Code (I)}
@@ -1016,5 +1233,5 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 25
+% Folie 27
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Flow Chart of Particle Code (II)}
@@ -1053,13 +1270,12 @@
       
       \coordinate[below=3.5cm of timeintegration] (H);
-      \coordinate[right=2cm of H] (I);
-      \coordinate[right=3.5cm of I] (J); 
-      
-      \node[draw, text width=22em,minimum height=4.5em,fill=black!15] (progframe) at (5.75,-5.3) {};
-      \node[draw, text width= 9.5em, right=0.5cm of progframe] {For details, see PALM Flow Chart (V).};
-      \node[gelb1, below=0.3cm of I, text width=9em] (prog) {prognostic\underline{ }equations};      
-      \node[gelb1, below=0.3cm of J, text width=10.5em] (progfast) {prognostic\underline{ }equations\underline{ }fast};  
-      \node[gelb1, below=0.1cm of progfast, text width=10.5em] (progvec) {prognostic\underline{ }equations\underline{ }vec};       
-      \node[draw, fill=red, text width=4em] at (8.2,-4) {\textcolor{white}{standard advection}};
+      \coordinate[right=2.5cm of H] (I);
+      \coordinate[right=4.25cm of I] (J); 
+      
+      \node[draw, text width=26em,minimum height=4.5em,fill=black!15] (progframe) at (6.5,-5.3) {};
+      \node[draw, text width= 9.5em, right=0.3cm of progframe] {For details, see PALM Flow Chart (V).};
+      \node[gelb1, below=0.3cm of I, text width=11.5em] (prog) {prognostic\underline{ }equations\underline{ }vector};      
+      \node[gelb1, below=0.3cm of J, text width=11.5em] (progfast) {prognostic\underline{ }equations\underline{ }cache};  
+      \node[gelb1, below=0.1cm of progfast, text width=11.5em] (progvec) {prognostic\underline{ }equations\underline{ }acc};       
       
       \coordinate[below=5.5cm of timeintegration] (K);
@@ -1076,13 +1292,11 @@
 
       \coordinate[below=7.2cm of timeintegration] (N);
-      
-      \node[gelb1, right=0.6cm of N] (asselin) {asselin\underline{ }filter};     
-      
-      \coordinate[below=7.8cm of timeintegration] (O);
+            
+      \coordinate[below=7.2cm of timeintegration] (O);
       
       \node[gelb1, right=0.6cm of O] (boundary) {boundary\underline{ }conds};       
       \node[gelb1, right=0.0cm of boundary] {swap\underline{ }timelevel};  
             
-      \coordinate[below=8.4cm of timeintegration] (P);      
+      \coordinate[below=7.8cm of timeintegration] (P);      
       
       \node[gelb1, right=0.6cm of P] (inflow) {inflow\underline{ }turbulence}; 
@@ -1108,6 +1322,5 @@
       \draw[-, thick] (advecparticles.south) -- (L);            
       \draw[-, thick] (L) -- (userparticlesatt.west);       
-      \draw[dashed, thick] (M) -- (interaction.west);  
-      \draw[dashed, thick] (N) -- (asselin.west);        
+      \draw[dashed, thick] (M) -- (interaction.west);        
       \draw[-, thick] (O) -- (boundary.west);  
       \draw[dashed, thick] (P) -- (inflow.west);             
@@ -1119,5 +1332,5 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 26
+% Folie 28
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Detailed Flow Chart of \texttt{lpm} (I)}
@@ -1125,11 +1338,11 @@
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.87, transform shape] 
       \node (0) at (0,0) {};
-      {\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, text width=29em] {write particle data on file (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }data\underline{ }output\underline{ }particles})\\ \qquad binary (\texttt{PARTICLE\underline{ }DATA/}) };}
-      \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-0.75cm] {calculate exponential terms for particles groups with inertia};}
+      {\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, , yshift=-0.2cm, text width=29em] {write particle data on file (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }data\underline{ }output\underline{ }particles})};}
+      \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-0.78cm] {calculate exponential terms for particles groups with inertia};}
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-1.35cm] {if necessary, release a new set of particles (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }release\underline{ }set})};}
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-2.1cm, text width=30em] {particle growth by condensation/evaporation and collision\\ (subroutines \texttt{lpm\underline{ }droplet\underline{ }condensation} and \texttt{lpm\underline{ }droplet\underline{ }collision})};}
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-2.85cm] {If SGS-velocities are used: calculate gradients of TKE (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }init\underline{ }sgs\underline{ }tke})};}
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-3.6cm, text width=29em] {timestep loop\\ (repeated, unless each particle has reached the LES timestep \texttt{dt\underline{ }3d})};}
-      \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.5cm of 0, yshift=-4.65cm, text width=36em] {for each particle:\\ - interpolate velocities and SGS quantities (SGS-velocities, Lagrangian timescale, etc.\\ - calculate the particle advection (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }advec})};}
+      \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.5cm of 0, yshift=-4.65cm, text width=36em] {for each particle:\\ - interpolate resolved velocities and compute SGS velocities\\ - calculate the particle advection (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }advec})};}
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.5cm of 0, yshift=-5.55cm] {calculate particle reflection from walls (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }boundary\underline{ }conds})};}
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.5cm of 0, yshift=-6.15cm] {user defined actions (subroutine \texttt{user\underline{ }lpm\underline{ }advec})};}     
@@ -1140,5 +1353,5 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 27
+% Folie 29
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Detailed Flow Chart of \texttt{lpm} (II)}
@@ -1146,5 +1359,5 @@
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0] 
       \node (0) at (0,0) {};
-      \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.5cm of 0, yshift=-0.7cm, text width=25em] {delete and pack particles\\ (subroutines \texttt{lpm\_pack\_all\_arrays})};}  
+      \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.5cm of 0, yshift=-0.7cm, text width=25em] {delete and sort particles\\ (subroutines \texttt{lpm\_pack\_all\_arrays})};}  
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-1.6cm, text width=29em] {In case of cloud droplets: calculate the liquid water content\\ (subroutine \texttt{lpm\underline{ }calc\underline{ }liquid\underline{ }water\underline{ }content})};}
       \uncover<1->{\node[draw, right=0.0cm of 0, yshift=-2.3cm] {user defined setting of particle attributes (subroutine \texttt{user\underline{ }lpm\underline{ }set\underline{ }attributes})};}
@@ -1153,256 +1366,4 @@
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 28
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-   \frametitle{The Data Type Used for Particles}
-   \small
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item Particle data are stored in a FORTRAN derived data type:
-   \end{itemize}
-   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=0.9\textwidth, font=\Tiny,scale=1.0]
-   \begin{tikzpicture}
-   \node [yellow] {\begin{lstlisting}  
-MODULE particle_attributes
-    :
-    TYPE particle_type
-        SEQUENCE
-        REAL(wp)     ::  radius, age, age_m, dt_sum, dvrp_psize, e_m,          &
-                         origin_x, origin_y, origin_z, rvar1, rvar2, rvar3,    &
-                         speed_x, speed_y, speed_z, weight_factor, x, y, z
-        INTEGER(iwp) ::  class, group, tailpoints, tail_id
-        LOGICAL      ::  particle_mask
-        INTEGER(iwp) ::  block_nr
-    END TYPE particle_type
-
-    TYPE(particle_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER             ::  particles
-    TYPE(particle_type)                                    ::  zero_particle
-
-    TYPE particle_groups_type
-        SEQUENCE
-        REAL(wp) ::  density_ratio, radius, exp_arg, exp_term
-    END TYPE particle_groups_type
-
-    TYPE(particle_groups_type), DIMENSION(max_number_of_particle_groups) ::    &
-       particle_groups
-\end{lstlisting}
-   };
-   \end{tikzpicture}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (I)}
-   \begin{itemize}
-   \item the easiest method for storing Lagrangian particles is an one-dimensional array
-   \item most applications demand particles located at a certain location (e.\,g., collision process)
-   \item finding this particles demands \texttt{N}$^2$ operations:
-      \scriptsize
-\begin{lstlisting}
-DO  n = 1, N
-   DO  k = 1, N
-      IF ( k /= n )  THEN
-         IF ( ABS( particles(k)%x - particles(n)%x )   &
-              < threshold )  THEN
-            ...
-         ENDIF
-      ENDIF
-   ENDDO
-ENDDO
-\end{lstlisting}
-   \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (I)}
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item sorting the particles by their respective grid-box reduces the operations to \texttt{N}:
-         \scriptsize
-\begin{lstlisting}
-DO  n = n_start(k,j,i), n_end(k,j,i)
-   ...
-ENDDO
-\end{lstlisting}
-\normalsize
-\item reducing CPU time of LPM by 9.6\,\%
-\item sorting increases CPU time and demands a second one-dimensional array for efficient sorting
-\item this was done in the previous version of PALM
-\item \textbf{new approach} in the current PALM version: 
-
-a four-dimensional array
-   \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-
-% Folie 9
-\begin{frame}[t]
-   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (III)}
-   \small
-   \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]
-      \definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0.2,0.7,0.2}
-      
-      % Coordinates
-      \coordinate (OL) at (-4,4);     
-      \coordinate (OC) at (0,4);
-      \coordinate (OR) at (4,4);
-      \coordinate (ML) at (-4,0);
-      \coordinate (MC) at (0,0);
-      \coordinate (MR) at (4,0);
-      \coordinate (UL) at (-4,-4);     
-      \coordinate (UC) at (0,-4);
-      \coordinate (UR) at (4,-4);
-      
-      \coordinate (OL2) at (-2,2);
-      \coordinate (OR2) at (2,2);
-      \coordinate (UR2) at (2,-2);
-      \coordinate (UL2) at (-2,-2);
-      
-      \coordinate (P1) at (-1,1);
-      \coordinate (P2) at (1.8,-1.3);
-      \coordinate (P3) at (0.4,-0.9);
-      \coordinate (P4) at (1,0.7);
-      \coordinate (P5) at (-1.3,-1.4);
-      \coordinate (P6) at (-1.8,1.6);
-      \coordinate (part_box) at (6,2);
-    
-      % Draw Boxes
-      \draw[-] (OL) -- (OR) -- (UR) -- (UL) -- cycle;
-      \draw[-] (OC) -- (UC);
-      \draw[-] (ML) -- (MR);      
-      \draw[-,dashed] (OL2) -- (OR2) -- (UR2) -- (UL2) -- cycle;
-      
-      \draw[-, thick] (MC) -- (part_box);
-      
-      % Draw dots
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (OL) {};      
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (OC) {};
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (OR) {};
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (ML) {};
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (MC) {};
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (MR) {};
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (UL) {};
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (UC) {};
-      \node[circle, draw, fill, color=black, ultra thick, scale=0.3] at (UR) {};
-
-      \uncover<1>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=red, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P1) {};}
-      \uncover<1-2>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=yellow, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P2) {};}
-      \uncover<1-3>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=green, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P3) {};}
-      \uncover<1-4>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=blue, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P4) {};}
-      \uncover<1-5>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=violet, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P5) {};}
-      \uncover<1-6>{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=magenta, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (P6) {};}
-      
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (OL) {\tiny \texttt{i-1,j+1}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (OC) {\tiny \texttt{i,j+1}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (OR) {\tiny \texttt{i+1,j+1}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (ML) {\tiny \texttt{i-1,j}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (MC) {\tiny \texttt{i,j}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (MR) {\tiny \texttt{i+1,j}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (UL) {\tiny \texttt{i-1,j-1}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (UC) {\tiny \texttt{i,j-1}};
-      \node[yshift=6.0, xshift=-15.0] at (UR) {\tiny \texttt{i+1,j-1}};
-      
-      
-      % draw particle box
-      \node at (part_box) [scale=1.0] {%
-      \begin{tikzpicture}
-         \draw[-, thick, fill=white] (-0.2,0.2) -- (0.2,0.2) -- (0.2,-1.7) -- (-0.2,-1.7) -- cycle;
-         \uncover<2->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=red, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,0) {};}
-         \uncover<3->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=yellow, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-0.3) {};}
-         \uncover<4->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=green, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-0.6) {};}
-         \uncover<5->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=blue, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-0.9) {};}
-         \uncover<6->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=violet, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-1.2) {};}
-         \uncover<7->{\node[circle, draw, fill, color=magenta, ultra thick, scale=0.5] at (0,-1.5) {};}
-         
-      \end{tikzpicture}
-      };
-      
-      \uncover<1->{\node[text width=10em] at (10,0) {\scriptsize - all particles located in a certain grid box are stored in a \textit{small} one-dimensional particle array permanently assigned to this grid-box\\
-      \ \\
-      - LPM CPU time decreases by 22\,\% \\
-      \ \\
-      - available memory doubles since no additional arrays are needed
-      };}
-   \end{tikzpicture}
-   
-
-
-   
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-   \frametitle{Storing Lagrangian particles (IV)}
-   \small
-   \begin{itemize}
-   \item particles stored in another FORTRAN derived data type:
-
-   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=0.9\textwidth, font=\Tiny,scale=1.0]
-   \begin{tikzpicture}
-   \node [yellow] {\begin{lstlisting}  
-MODULE particle_attributes
-
-    :
-
-    TYPE  grid_particle_def
-        :
-        TYPE(particle_type), POINTER, DIMENSION(:) ::  particles 
-    END TYPE grid_particle_def
-
-    TYPE(grid_particle_def), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET ::  grid_particles
-
-\end{lstlisting}
-   };
-   \end{tikzpicture}
-   \item particles are called at every grid-box:
-   \Tiny
-    \begin{lstlisting}
-DO  i = nxl, nxr
-   DO  j = nys, nyn
-      DO  k = nzb+1, nzt
-         n_par = prt_count(k,j,i)
-         particles => grid_particles(k,j,i)%particles(1:n_par)
-         IF ( n_par <= 0 )  CYCLE
-         DO  n = 1, n_par
-            ...
-         ENDDO
-      ENDDO
-   ENDDO
-ENDDO
-\end{lstlisting}
-      \end{itemize}
-   
-\end{frame}
-
-
-% Folie 29
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-   \frametitle{How to Read netCDF Particle Data from an External Program}
-   \scriptsize
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item An example program for reading netCDF particle data (from file DATA\underline{ }PRT\underline{ }NETCDF/) can be found in the PALM repository under \texttt{...../trunk/UTIL/analyze\underline{ }particle\underline{ }netcdf\underline{ }data.f90}
-       \item<1-> \textbf{Attention:}\\ The particle feature \grqq density\underline{ }ratio\grqq\, is stored in variable particle\underline{ }groups which (so far) is \textbf{not} contained in the netCDF file.\\
-       \vspace{1mm}
-       Both informations can only be found on file PARTICLE\underline{ }DATA/.\\
-       \vspace{1mm}
-       For the format of this file (one per PE, i.e. filenames \underline{ }0000, \underline{ }0001, etc.) see beginning of subroutine \texttt{lpm\_data\_output\_particles}.
-   \end{itemize}
-   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=0.9\textwidth, font=\Tiny,scale=1.0]
-   \begin{tikzpicture}
-   \node [yellow] {\begin{lstlisting}  
-    WRITE ( 85 )  simulated_time
-    WRITE ( 85 )  prt_count
-          
-    DO  ip = nxl, nxr
-       DO  jp = nys, nyn
-          DO  kp = nzb+1, nzt
-             number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
-             particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
-             IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 )  CYCLE
-             WRITE ( 85 )  particles
-          ENDDO
-       ENDDO
-    ENDDO
-\end{lstlisting}
-   };
-   \end{tikzpicture}
-\end{frame}
-
 \section{Application Example}
 \subsection{Application Example}
@@ -1410,91 +1371,28 @@
 % Folie 30
 \begin{frame}[t]
-   \frametitle{Application Example: Simulation of a Convective Cloud with LCM (I)}
+   \frametitle{Application Examples of the LCM (I)}
    \footnotesize
-   \textbf{Why investigating clouds?}
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item Clouds are very important, e.g., for climate, precipitation 
-         \begin{itemize}
-            \footnotesize
-            \item Problem: many microphysic processes are still not sufficiently known but determine the macroscopic properties of clouds
-            \item Open Issues: production of rain in sufficiently short period of time, activation of aerosols,...
-      \end{itemize}
+   \textbf{The Lagrangian Cloud Model has many advantages:}
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item Dynamics and microphysics of the cloud are directly related to physical processes of the individual droplets
+      \item Many microphysical processes are modeled by first principles \\
+      $\Rightarrow$ (almost) no parameterizations
+      \item The LCM provides detailed information, e.\,g., spatial and temporal evolution of the droplet spectrum, spatial distribution of the droplet concentration, droplet trajectories, ...
+   \end{itemize}
+      \textbf{How to use these advantages?}
+   \begin{itemize}
+      \item Many cloud microphysical processes are still not sufficiently understood, but have a large impact on macroscopic cloud properties 
+      \item Open Issues: production of rain, interaction of clouds and aerosols, ...
+      \item Using the LCM, we are able to simulate cloud microphysics on a very accurate level, but are also able to cope the macroscale, i.\,e., the whole cloud or cloud ensemble\\
+      $\Rightarrow$ \textbf{new insights on clouds and their physics}
    \end{itemize}
    \vspace{1.5mm}
-   \textbf{What is our goal?}
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item Analyze in-cloud turbulence effects on droplet growth and precipitation formation using an LCM
-   \end{itemize}
-   \vspace{1.5mm}
-   \textbf{What are the advantages?}
-   \begin{itemize}
-      \item dynamics and microphysics of the cloud are directly related to physical processes of the individual droplets
-      \item provides detailed information e.g. spatial and temporal evolution of the droplet spectrum, spatial distribution of the droplet concentration, droplet tracks, ...
-   \end{itemize}  
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 32
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-   \frametitle{Application Example: Simulation of a Convective Cloud with LCM (II)}
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 31
+\begin{frame}[t]
+   \frametitle{Application Examples of the LCM (II)}
    \footnotesize
-   \textbf{Extract from the corresponding parameter file:}
-   \tikzstyle{yellow} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!30, text width=0.9\textwidth, font=\tiny,scale=1.0]
-   \begin{tikzpicture}
-   \node [yellow] {\begin{lstlisting}  
-&inipar          humidity = .TRUE., cloud_droplets = .TRUE., ... /
-
-&d3par           end_time = 1800.0, ... /
-
-&particles_par   dt_write_particle_data = 100.0,
-                 bc_par_b = 'absorb',
-                 density_ratio = 0.001,
-                 
-                 initial_weighting_factor = 9.0E9,
-                 radius = 1.0E-6,
-                 
-                 psb = 20.0, pst = 2800.0,
-                 pdx = 4.5, pdy = 4.5, pdz = 4.5,
-                 
-                 random_start_position = .TRUE.,
-                 number_of_particle_groups = 1,
-                 dt_dopts = 100.0, dt_prel = 9000.0,/ n
-\end{lstlisting}
-   };
-   \end{tikzpicture}
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 33
-\begin{frame}[t]
-   \frametitle{Application Example: Simulation of a Convective Cloud with LCM (III)}
-   \footnotesize
-   \centering 
-   \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{particle_model_figures/snapshot.png}\\
-   Snapshot of cloud droplet evolution% using\\ visualization tool DVRP\\
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 34
-\begin{frame}[t]
-   \frametitle{Application Example: Simulation of a Convective Cloud with LCM (IV)}
-   \footnotesize
-   
-   \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-      \node [shift={(6.3 cm, 3.6 cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
-         {%
-         \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
-            \node at (0.0,0.0) {   \includegraphics[scale=0.15]{particle_model_figures/turbulence_effects.png}};
-            \node at (0.0,2.55) {after 1600 s};
-            \node at (-3.3,3) {Kernel without turbulence effects};
-            \node at (3,3) {Kernel with turbulence effects};
-
-         \end{tikzpicture}
-         };
-   \end{tikzpicture}  
-   
-\end{frame}
-
-% Folie 35
-\begin{frame}[t]
-   \frametitle{Application Example: Simulation of a Convective Cloud with LCM (V)}
-   \footnotesize
+   \textbf{From Riechelmann et al. (2012, NJP):}
       \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
       \node [shift={(6.3 cm, 4.2 cm)}]  at (current page.south west)
@@ -1509,9 +1407,31 @@
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \ \\  
-   \vspace{48mm}
+   \vspace{52mm}
    $\rightarrow$ Turbulence effects enhance droplet growth and lead to more realistic mass distribution function\\
 \end{frame}
 
-% Folie 36
+% Folie 32
+\begin{frame}[t]
+   \frametitle{Application Examples of the LCM (III)}
+   \footnotesize
+      \textbf{From Lee et al. (2014, MAP):}
+   \begin{center}
+   \includegraphics[scale=0.25]{particle_model_figures/lee.jpg}
+   \end{center}
+   $\rightarrow$ Confirm the importance of the cloud top and the affiliated mixing processes for the initiation of rain
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 33
+\begin{frame}[t]
+   \frametitle{Application Examples of the LCM (IV)}
+   \footnotesize
+      \textbf{From Hoffmann et al. (2015, AR):}
+   \begin{center}
+   \includegraphics[scale=0.25]{particle_model_figures/hoffmann.jpg}
+   \end{center}
+   $\rightarrow$ \textcolor{blue}{Laterally entrained aerosols} contribute about two-thirds to the activation above cloud base
+\end{frame}
+
+% Folie 34
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{General Warning}
