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Changeset 108 for palm


Ignore:
Timestamp:
Aug 24, 2007 3:10:38 PM (18 years ago)
Author:
letzel
Message:
  • Improved coupler: evaporation - salinity-flux coupling for humidity = .T.,

avoid MPI hangs when coupled runs terminate, add DOC/app/chapter_3.8;

  • Optional calculation of km and kh from initial TKE e_init;
  • Default initialization of km,kh = 0.00001 for ocean = .T.;
  • Allow data_output_pr= q, wq, w"q", w*q* for humidity = .T.;
  • Bugfix: Rayleigh damping for ocean fixed.
Location:
palm/trunk
Files:
1 added
26 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_3.4.html

    r97 r108  
    11<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    2 <html><head>
    3 <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"><title>chapter_3.4</title></head>
    4 <body><h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">3.4 Input and
     2<html>
     3<head>
     4
     5
     6 
     7  <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type">
     8
     9 
     10  <title>PALM chapter 3.4</title>
     11</head>
     12
     13
     14<body>
     15
     16
     17<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">3.4
     18Input and
    519output files</font></h3>
    6 <p style="line-height: 100%;"></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The
     20
     21
     22<p style="line-height: 100%;"></p>
     23
     24
     25<p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The
    726model works
    827with a set of files, which are all located in the temporary working
    … …  
    2241NetCDF call (NF90_CREATE or NF90_OPEN). These files are only created on
    2342machines where a NetCDF library is available.<br>
    24 </font></p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The file
     43
     44
     45</font></p>
     46
     47
     48<p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The
     49file
    2550names described in the list correspond to the names indicated in the
    2651respective OPEN instruction, i.e. the files are expected and saved
    … …  
    34594.5.1</a> which gives more details about the PALM-NetCDF-output).</font>
    3560</p>
    36 <p style="line-height: 100%;"> </p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">On
     61
     62
     63<p style="line-height: 100%;"> </p>
     64
     65
     66<p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">On
    3767parallel
    3868computers many of the files are read and/or written by the central
    … …  
    6797expected and/or to which output files are written. The file names in
    6898these directories are always named _0000, _0001, _0002 etc. </font>
    69 </font></p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">For internal use,
     99</font></p>
     100
     101
     102<p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">For
     103internal use,
    70104the model may open a set of further files, which are not
    71105defined by the user but contain no usable information and
    72 therefore are not included in this list. <br>
    73 <br></font>
    74 <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td width="8%"> <p><font size="4"><b>Unit</b></font></p> </td>
    75 <td width="12%"> <p><font size="4"><b>Name</b></font></p>
    76 </td> <td width="4%"> <p><font size="4"><b>I/O</b></font></p>
    77 </td> <td width="9%"> <p><font size="4"><b>Format</b></font></p>
    78 </td> <td colspan="1" width="67%"> <p><font size="4"><b>Description/contents</b></font></p>
    79 </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align: center;" width="8%"> 11<br> </td>
    80 <td width="12%"> <p><a name="PARIN"></a>PARIN</p>
    81 </td> <td width="4%"> <p align="center">I</p>
    82 </td> <td style="width: 9%;"> <p>ASCII/&nbsp;
    83 <br>NAMELIST</p> </td> <td colspan="1" width="67%"> <p><font color="#000000">Parameter
     106therefore are not included in this list.</font></font></p>
     107<p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
     108
     109<a name="coupled"></a>In case of <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere-ocean
     110runs (see <a href="chapter_3.8.html">chapter 3.8</a>),
     111both the atmosphere and the </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> executable use
     112the same temporary working directory. However, each executable requires its own, unique set of files for I/O. In order to
     113distinguish between atmosphere and ocean files, coupled </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">atmosphere-ocean
     114</font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">runs use the </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">following
     115filename convention</font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">. </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">The
     116atmosphere executable uses the set of normal filenames given in the
     117table below. The ocean executable uses a set of modified filenames that
     118have the string '_O' added to their normal name. The coupled
     119ocean filenames are given in brackets in the table below where
     120applicable. The string '_O' is simply appended </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">to most
     121filenames</font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">; exceptions are highlighted in bold face. (<span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span> uncoupled
     122ocean runs use the normal set of filenames without '_O'.)</font></font></p>
     123<p></p>
     124<font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
     125
     126<br>
     127
     128
     129</font>
     130<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     131
     132
     133  <tbody>
     134
     135
     136    <tr valign="top">
     137
     138
     139      <td width="8%">
     140     
     141      <p><font size="4"><b>Unit</b></font></p>
     142
     143
     144      </td>
     145
     146
     147      <td width="12%">
     148     
     149      <p><font size="4"><b>Name</b></font></p>
     150
     151
     152      </td>
     153
     154
     155      <td width="4%">
     156     
     157      <p><font size="4"><b>I/O</b></font></p>
     158
     159
     160      </td>
     161
     162
     163      <td width="9%">
     164     
     165      <p><font size="4"><b>Format</b></font></p>
     166
     167
     168      </td>
     169
     170
     171      <td colspan="1" width="67%">
     172     
     173      <p><font size="4"><b>Description/contents</b></font></p>
     174
     175
     176      </td>
     177
     178
     179    </tr>
     180
     181
     182    <tr valign="top">
     183
     184
     185      <td style="text-align: center;" width="8%"> 11<br>
     186
     187
     188      </td>
     189
     190
     191      <td width="12%">
     192     
     193      <p><a name="PARIN"></a>PARIN<br>
     194
     195
     196(PARIN_O)</p>
     197
     198
     199      </td>
     200
     201
     202      <td width="4%">
     203     
     204      <p align="center">I</p>
     205
     206
     207      </td>
     208
     209
     210      <td style="width: 9%;">
     211     
     212      <p>ASCII/&nbsp; <br>
     213
     214
     215NAMELIST</p>
     216
     217
     218      </td>
     219
     220
     221      <td colspan="1" width="67%">
     222     
     223      <p><font color="#000000">Parameter
    84224for model steering. This file
    85225is needed by the model in each case. Its content and structure is
    … …  
    872274.0</a>. <a href="chapter_4.4.1.html">Chapter
    882284.4.1</a> <font color="#000000">shows a simple
    89 example. </font> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align: center;" width="8%"> <p align="center">13</p> </td>
    90 <td width="12%"> <p><a name="BININ"></a>BININ/</p>
    91 </td> <td width="4%"> <p align="center">I</p>
    92 </td> <td width="9%"> <p>Binary</p> </td>
    93 <td colspan="1" width="67%"> <p>Binary data,
     229example. </font> </p>
     230
     231
     232      </td>
     233
     234
     235    </tr>
     236
     237
     238    <tr valign="top">
     239
     240
     241      <td style="text-align: center;" width="8%">
     242     
     243      <p align="center">13</p>
     244
     245
     246      </td>
     247
     248
     249      <td width="12%">
     250     
     251      <p><a name="BININ"></a>BININ/<br>
     252
     253
     254(BININ<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</p>
     255
     256
     257      </td>
     258
     259
     260      <td width="4%">
     261     
     262      <p align="center">I</p>
     263
     264
     265      </td>
     266
     267
     268      <td width="9%">
     269     
     270      <p>Binary</p>
     271
     272
     273      </td>
     274
     275
     276      <td colspan="1" width="67%">
     277     
     278      <p>Binary data,
    94279which are read in by the model at the beginning
    95280of a restart run (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
    … …  
    106291reads its own file and the file content is processor-dependent. The
    107292number of processors which can be used must not be changed during a job
    108 chain and/or if a job chain is continued.&nbsp; </p> <p>Knowledge
     293chain and/or if a job chain is continued.&nbsp; </p>
     294
     295
     296     
     297      <p>Knowledge
    109298of the file structure is usually not necessary,
    110299because the file is produced and also read again by the model, but it
    111300can be useful for error determination in case of read errors .
    112301Therefore the file structure is described in the following.&nbsp; </p>
    113 <p>The first record of this file contains a version number (ten
     302
     303
     304     
     305      <p>The first record of this file contains a version number
     306(ten
    114307character string) of the subroutine, which, which output the data that
    115308follows (write_var_list.f90). This number has to
    … …  
    117310(read_var_list.f90) in case of a restart run. Otherwise the model run
    118311is aborted. Version numbers are changed whenever new code revisions
    119 require a change of the file format.&nbsp; </p> <p>Starting
     312require a change of the file format.&nbsp; </p>
     313
     314
     315     
     316      <p>Starting
    120317from the second record, all initial parameters follow
    121318(exception: <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a>),
    … …  
    128325and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>.
    129326If a variable with unknown name is found the model run is
    130 aborted.&nbsp; </p> <p>At the end of the initial
     327aborted.&nbsp; </p>
     328
     329
     330     
     331      <p>At the end of the initial
    131332parameters a record with the string "<i>***
    132333end ***</i>"follows (filled up with trailing blanks up to a
    133334length of
    134 30 characters).&nbsp; </p> <p>Afterwards the fields
     33530 characters).&nbsp; </p>
     336
     337
     338     
     339      <p>Afterwards the fields
    135340of the prognostic and diagnostic
    136341variables follow. This part of the file also begins with a record
    … …  
    138343version number of the subroutine that wrote the arrays that follow
    139344(write_3d_binary.f90). It must agree with the number of the reading
    140 subroutine (read_3d_binary.f90).&nbsp; </p> <p>The
     345subroutine (read_3d_binary.f90).&nbsp; </p>
     346
     347
     348     
     349      <p>The
    141350following record contains the number of processors which
    142351were used in the model run producing this file, the processor ID of the
    … …  
    147356particular on parallel computers, because the jobs of a job chain
    148357always have to use the same number of processors and the same virtual
    149 processor grid.&nbsp; </p> <p>After these tests the
     358processor grid.&nbsp; </p>
     359
     360
     361     
     362      <p>After these tests the
    150363individual arrays as well as parameters
    151364and variables for plots of horizontally averaged vertical profiles
    … …  
    158371parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_prior_plot1d_parameters">use_prior_plot1d_parameters</a>
    159372= <i>.TRUE</i> is selected, otherwise they will be
    160 skipped.&nbsp; </p> <p>At the end of the file there
     373skipped.&nbsp; </p>
     374
     375
     376     
     377      <p>At the end of the file there
    161378has to be a record with the
    162379character string "<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><i>***
    163380end
    164381***</i>"(filled up with trailing blanks up to a length of 20
    165 characters).</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top">
    166 <td style="text-align: center;" width="8%"> <p align="center">14</p> </td> <td width="12%">
    167 <p><a name="BINOUT"></a>BINOUT/</p> </td>
    168 <td width="4%"> <p align="center">O</p>
    169 </td> <td width="9%"> <p>Binary</p> </td>
    170 <td colspan="1" width="67%"> <p>Binary data,
     382characters).</p>
     383
     384
     385      </td>
     386
     387
     388    </tr>
     389
     390
     391    <tr valign="top">
     392
     393
     394      <td style="text-align: center;" width="8%">
     395     
     396      <p align="center">14</p>
     397
     398
     399      </td>
     400
     401
     402      <td width="12%">
     403     
     404      <p><a name="BINOUT"></a>BINOUT/<br>
     405
     406
     407(BINOUT<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</p>
     408
     409
     410      </td>
     411
     412
     413      <td width="4%">
     414     
     415      <p align="center">O</p>
     416
     417
     418      </td>
     419
     420
     421      <td width="9%">
     422     
     423      <p>Binary</p>
     424
     425
     426      </td>
     427
     428
     429      <td colspan="1" width="67%">
     430     
     431      <p>Binary data,
    171432which are written by the model at the end of the
    172433run and possibly needed by restart runs (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
    … …  
    185446the
    186447description of the file <a href="#BININ">BININ</a>.&nbsp;
    187 </p> <p>The file BINOUT is written by the model only if,
     448      </p>
     449
     450
     451     
     452      <p>The file BINOUT is written by the model only if,
    188453with the help
    189454of the <b>mrun</b>-configuration file, the <font face="Thorndale, serif">value</font> <span style="font-family: monospace;">true</span> is
    … …  
    192457variable <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: monospace;">write_binary</span>
    193458(see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
    194 3.3</a>).&nbsp; </p> <p>With large grid point
     4593.3</a>).&nbsp; </p>
     460
     461
     462     
     463      <p>With large grid point
    195464numbers the file BINOUT (or the
    196465files residing in directory BINOUT/) will be very large and should
    197466be stored (if available) on the archive system of the remote computer.</p>
    198 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">15<br>
    199 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="RUN_CONTROL"></a>RUN_CONTROL</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii</td> <td colspan="1" width="67%"> <p>This file contains
     467
     468
     469      </td>
     470
     471
     472    </tr>
     473
     474
     475    <tr>
     476
     477
     478      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">15<br>
     479
     480
     481      </td>
     482
     483
     484      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="RUN_CONTROL"></a>RUN_CONTROL<br>
     485
     486
     487(RUN_CONTROL_O)</td>
     488
     489
     490      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O</td>
     491
     492
     493      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii</td>
     494
     495
     496      <td colspan="1" width="67%">
     497     
     498      <p>This file contains
    200499the so-called time step control output of
    201500the model. At certain temporal intervals, which are described by the
    … …  
    206505file. Additionally, such a control line is always written, whenever the
    207506time step of the model changes. All data and quantities always refer to
    208 the entire model domain.&nbsp; </p> <p>If the
     507the entire model domain.&nbsp; </p>
     508
     509
     510     
     511      <p>If the
    2095121D-model is switched on for the initialization of the
    2105133D-models, then control lines are likewise written into this file at
    211514certain temporal intervals (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_run_control_1d">dt_run_control_1d</a>).&nbsp;
    212 </p> <p>By default, the file RUN_CONTROL only lists
     515      </p>
     516
     517
     518     
     519      <p>By default, the file RUN_CONTROL only lists
    213520information
    214521about the selected model parameters at the beginning of the
    … …  
    220527it can be achieved that this information is also written at the
    221528beginning of the file RUN_CONTROL at restart runs.&nbsp; </p>
    222 <p>The individual columns of the 1D - time step control output
     529
     530
     531     
     532      <p>The individual columns of the 1D - time step control
     533output
    223534have the following meaning (listed by the respective heading of the
    224535appropriate
    225 column in the file):&nbsp; <br> </p> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
    226 <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">ITER.</td>
    227 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of time steps
    228 accomplished so far</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">HH:MM:SS</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time (in hours: minutes:
    229 seconds)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">DT</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step (in s)</td> </tr>
    230 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX</td>
    231 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum absolute wind
     536column in the file):&nbsp; <br>
     537
     538
     539      </p>
     540
     541
     542     
     543      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
     544
     545
     546        <tbody>
     547
     548
     549          <tr>
     550
     551
     552            <td style="vertical-align: top;">ITER.</td>
     553
     554
     555            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of
     556time steps
     557accomplished so far</td>
     558
     559
     560          </tr>
     561
     562
     563          <tr>
     564
     565
     566            <td style="vertical-align: top;">HH:MM:SS</td>
     567
     568
     569            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time (in
     570hours: minutes:
     571seconds)</td>
     572
     573
     574          </tr>
     575
     576
     577          <tr>
     578
     579
     580            <td style="vertical-align: top;">DT</td>
     581
     582
     583            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step (in
     584s)</td>
     585
     586
     587          </tr>
     588
     589
     590          <tr>
     591
     592
     593            <td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX</td>
     594
     595
     596            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     597absolute wind
    232598velocity
    233 (u-component) (in m/s)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum absolute wind
     599(u-component) (in m/s)</td>
     600
     601
     602          </tr>
     603
     604
     605          <tr>
     606
     607
     608            <td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX</td>
     609
     610
     611            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     612absolute wind
    234613velocity
    235 (v-component) (in m/s)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">U *</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Friction velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s)</td> </tr>
    236 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">ALPHA</td>
    237 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Angle of the wind vector
     614(v-component) (in m/s)</td>
     615
     616
     617          </tr>
     618
     619
     620          <tr>
     621
     622
     623            <td style="vertical-align: top;">U *</td>
     624
     625
     626            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Friction
     627velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s)</td>
     628
     629
     630          </tr>
     631
     632
     633          <tr>
     634
     635
     636            <td style="vertical-align: top;">ALPHA</td>
     637
     638
     639            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Angle of the
     640wind vector
    238641(to the x-axis) at the top of the
    239642Prandtl layer (k=1) (<font color="#000000">in </font>degrees)</td>
    240 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">ENERG.</td>
    241 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Kinetic energy of the
     643
     644
     645          </tr>
     646
     647
     648          <tr>
     649
     650
     651            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">ENERG.</td>
     652
     653
     654            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Kinetic
     655energy of the
    2426561D-model (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>),
    243 averaged over all grid points</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
    244 <p>&nbsp;
     657averaged over all grid points</td>
     658
     659
     660          </tr>
     661
     662
     663       
     664        </tbody>
     665     
     666      </table>
     667
     668
     669     
     670      <p>&nbsp;
    245671The individual columns of the 3D - time step control output
    246672have the following meaning (listed by the respective heading of the
    247673appropriate
    248 column in the file):<br> </p> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
    249 <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">RUN</td>
    250 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Serial-number of the job
     674column in the file):<br>
     675
     676
     677      </p>
     678
     679
     680     
     681      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
     682
     683
     684        <tbody>
     685
     686
     687          <tr>
     688
     689
     690            <td style="vertical-align: top;">RUN</td>
     691
     692
     693            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Serial-number
     694of the job
    251695in the job chain. The initial
    252696run has the number 0, restart runs accordingly have larger numbers.</td>
    253 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">ITER.</td>
    254 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of time steps
     697
     698
     699          </tr>
     700
     701
     702          <tr>
     703
     704
     705            <td style="vertical-align: top;">ITER.</td>
     706
     707
     708            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of
     709time steps
    255710accomplished since starting time t=0 of
    256 the initial run.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">HH:MM:SS</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time (<font color="#000000">in
    257 </font>hours: minutes:
     711the initial run.</td>
     712
     713
     714          </tr>
     715
     716
     717          <tr>
     718
     719
     720            <td style="vertical-align: top;">HH:MM:SS</td>
     721
     722
     723            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time (<font color="#000000">in </font>hours: minutes:
    258724seconds) since starting time t=0 of the
    259 initial run.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">DT (E)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step (<font color="#000000">in </font>s). The
     725initial run.</td>
     726
     727
     728          </tr>
     729
     730
     731          <tr>
     732
     733
     734            <td style="vertical-align: top;">DT (E)</td>
     735
     736
     737            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step (<font color="#000000">in </font>s). The
    260738following character indicates whether the
    261739time
    … …  
    268746Euler). This
    269747does
    270 not apply for the default Runge-Kutta timestep scheme.</td> </tr>
    271 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX</td>
    272 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum absolute wind
     748not apply for the default Runge-Kutta timestep scheme.</td>
     749
     750
     751          </tr>
     752
     753
     754          <tr>
     755
     756
     757            <td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX</td>
     758
     759
     760            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     761absolute wind
    273762velocity (u-component) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).
    274763If at
    … …  
    277766horizontal velocity field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>),
    278767the character D will appear directly after the velocity value.</td>
    279 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX</td>
    280 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum absolute wind
     768
     769
     770          </tr>
     771
     772
     773          <tr>
     774
     775
     776            <td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX</td>
     777
     778
     779            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     780absolute wind
    281781velocity (v-component) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).
    282782If at
    … …  
    285785horizontal velocity field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>),
    286786the character D will appear directly after the velocity value.</td>
    287 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">WMAX</td>
    288 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum absolute wind
     787
     788
     789          </tr>
     790
     791
     792          <tr>
     793
     794
     795            <td style="vertical-align: top;">WMAX</td>
     796
     797
     798            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     799absolute wind
    289800velocity (w-component) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
    290 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">U
    291 *</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Horizontal
     801
     802
     803          </tr>
     804
     805
     806          <tr>
     807
     808
     809            <td style="vertical-align: top;">U
     810*</td>
     811
     812
     813            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Horizontal
    292814average of the
    293815friction velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
    294 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">W
    295 *</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Convective
     816
     817
     818          </tr>
     819
     820
     821          <tr>
     822
     823
     824            <td style="vertical-align: top;">W
     825*</td>
     826
     827
     828            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Convective
    296829velocity scale
    297830(<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s). The assumed
    298831boundary layer
    299 height is determined via the heat flux minimum criterion.</td> </tr>
    300 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">THETA *</td>
    301 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Characteristic
     832height is determined via the heat flux minimum criterion.</td>
     833
     834
     835          </tr>
     836
     837
     838          <tr>
     839
     840
     841            <td style="vertical-align: top;">THETA *</td>
     842
     843
     844            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Characteristic
    302845temperature
    303846of the Prandtl - layer (<font color="#000000">in </font>K).</td>
    304 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Z_I</td>
    305 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
     847
     848
     849          </tr>
     850
     851
     852          <tr>
     853
     854
     855            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Z_I</td>
     856
     857
     858            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the
     859convective
    306860boundary layer (<font color="#000000">in </font>m),
    307861determined via
    308 the criterion of the heat flux minimum.</td> </tr> <tr>
    309 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">ENERG.</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average resolved total
     862the criterion of the heat flux minimum.</td>
     863
     864
     865          </tr>
     866
     867
     868          <tr>
     869
     870
     871            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">ENERG.</td>
     872
     873
     874            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average
     875resolved total
    310876energy of the flow field (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>),
    311 normalized with the total number of grid points.</td> </tr>
    312 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">DISTENERG</td>
    313 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average resolved
     877normalized with the total number of grid points.</td>
     878
     879
     880          </tr>
     881
     882
     883          <tr>
     884
     885
     886            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">DISTENERG</td>
     887
     888
     889            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average
     890resolved
    314891disturbance energy of flow field (<font color="#000000">in
    315 </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>),
    316 normalized with the total number of grid points.</td> </tr>
    317 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">DIVOLD</td>
    318 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Divergence
     892            </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>),
     893normalized with the total number of grid points.</td>
     894
     895
     896          </tr>
     897
     898
     899          <tr>
     900
     901
     902            <td style="vertical-align: top;">DIVOLD</td>
     903
     904
     905            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Divergence
    319906of the velocity field (sum of
    320907the absolute values) (</font><font color="#000000">in
    321 </font><font color="#000000">1/s) before call of the
     908            </font><font color="#000000">1/s) before
     909call of the
    322910pressure solver,
    323911normalized with the total number of grid points.</font></td>
    324 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">DIVNEW</td>
    325 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Divergence
     912
     913
     914          </tr>
     915
     916
     917          <tr>
     918
     919
     920            <td style="vertical-align: top;">DIVNEW</td>
     921
     922
     923            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Divergence
    326924of the velocity field (sum of
    327925the absolute values) (</font><font color="#000000">in
    328 </font><font color="#000000">1/s) after call of the
     926            </font><font color="#000000">1/s) after
     927call of the
    329928pressure solver, normalized</font>
    330 with the total number of grid points.</td> </tr> <tr>
    331 <td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX (KJI)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of the grid point
     929with the total number of grid points.</td>
     930
     931
     932          </tr>
     933
     934
     935          <tr>
     936
     937
     938            <td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX (KJI)</td>
     939
     940
     941            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of
     942the grid point
    332943with the maximum absolute
    333 u-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td> </tr>
    334 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX (KJI)</td>
    335 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of the grid point
     944u-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td>
     945
     946
     947          </tr>
     948
     949
     950          <tr>
     951
     952
     953            <td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX (KJI)</td>
     954
     955
     956            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of
     957the grid point
    336958with the maximum absolute
    337 v-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td> </tr>
    338 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">WMAX (KJI)</td>
    339 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of the grid point
     959v-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td>
     960
     961
     962          </tr>
     963
     964
     965          <tr>
     966
     967
     968            <td style="vertical-align: top;">WMAX (KJI)</td>
     969
     970
     971            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of
     972the grid point
    340973with the maximum absolute
    341 w-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td> </tr>
    342 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">ADVECX</td>
    343 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance (<font color="#000000">in </font>km) the
     974w-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td>
     975
     976
     977          </tr>
     978
     979
     980          <tr>
     981
     982
     983            <td style="vertical-align: top;">ADVECX</td>
     984
     985
     986            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance (<font color="#000000">in </font>km) the
    344987coordinate system has been moved in
    345988x-direction with Galilei-Transformation switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>).</td>
    346 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">ADVECY</td>
    347 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance (<font color="#000000">in </font>km) the
     989
     990
     991          </tr>
     992
     993
     994          <tr>
     995
     996
     997            <td style="vertical-align: top;">ADVECY</td>
     998
     999
     1000            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance (<font color="#000000">in </font>km) the
    3481001coordinate system has been moved in
    3491002y-direction with Galilei-Transformation switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>).</td>
    350 </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> <tr>
    351 <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">16<br>
    352 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="LIST_PROFIL"></a>LIST_PROFIL </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This file contains horizontally
     1003
     1004
     1005          </tr>
     1006
     1007
     1008       
     1009        </tbody>
     1010     
     1011      </table>
     1012
     1013
     1014      </td>
     1015
     1016
     1017    </tr>
     1018
     1019
     1020    <tr>
     1021
     1022
     1023      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">16<br>
     1024
     1025
     1026      </td>
     1027
     1028
     1029      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="LIST_PROFIL"></a>LIST_PROFIL<br>
     1030
     1031
     1032(LIST_PROFIL_O) </td>
     1033
     1034
     1035      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     1036
     1037
     1038      </td>
     1039
     1040
     1041      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
     1042
     1043
     1044      </td>
     1045
     1046
     1047      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This file contains
     1048horizontally
    3531049(and possibly temporally)
    3541050averaged vertical profiles of some model variables. The quantities
    … …  
    3631059the respective subdomain (see <a href="chapter_4.3.html#region">region</a>)
    3641060appears in the header of the respective table. <br>
     1061
     1062
    3651063In each case the tables consist of a header, followed by the
    3661064profiles arranged next to each other in columns. The header contains
    … …  
    3701068computer, date, time of the beginning of the run, name of the
    3711069subdomain, output time, kind of averaging). On the u-v-level the
    372 following columns are written: <br> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
    373 <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
    374 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
    375 grid point index.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">zu<br>
    376 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Height
     1070following columns are written: <br>
     1071
     1072
     1073     
     1074      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
     1075
     1076
     1077        <tbody>
     1078
     1079
     1080          <tr>
     1081
     1082
     1083            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
     1084
     1085
     1086            </td>
     1087
     1088
     1089            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
     1090grid point index.</td>
     1091
     1092
     1093          </tr>
     1094
     1095
     1096          <tr>
     1097
     1098
     1099            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">zu<br>
     1100
     1101
     1102            </td>
     1103
     1104
     1105            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Height
    3771106of the grid point
    3781107level (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
    379 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u<br>
    380 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u-component
     1108
     1109
     1110          </tr>
     1111
     1112
     1113          <tr>
     1114
     1115
     1116            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u<br>
     1117
     1118
     1119            </td>
     1120
     1121
     1122            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u-component
    3811123of the wind
    3821124velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
    383 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">du<br>
    384 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
     1125
     1126
     1127          </tr>
     1128
     1129
     1130          <tr>
     1131
     1132
     1133            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">du<br>
     1134
     1135
     1136            </td>
     1137
     1138
     1139            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
    3851140of the
    3861141u-component from the initial profile at the
    3871142time t=0 (initialization profile) (<font color="#000000">in
    388 </font>m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v<br>
    389 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v-component
     1143            </font>m/s).</td>
     1144
     1145
     1146          </tr>
     1147
     1148
     1149          <tr>
     1150
     1151
     1152            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v<br>
     1153
     1154
     1155            </td>
     1156
     1157
     1158            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v-component
    3901159of the wind
    3911160velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
    392 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">dv<br>
    393 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
     1161
     1162
     1163          </tr>
     1164
     1165
     1166          <tr>
     1167
     1168
     1169            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">dv<br>
     1170
     1171
     1172            </td>
     1173
     1174
     1175            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
    3941176of the
    3951177v-component from the initial profile at the
    3961178time t=0 (initialization profile) (<font color="#000000">in
    397 </font>m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">pt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    398 <br> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Potential
     1179            </font>m/s).</td>
     1180
     1181
     1182          </tr>
     1183
     1184
     1185          <tr>
     1186
     1187
     1188            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">pt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     1189            <br>
     1190
     1191
     1192            </td>
     1193
     1194
     1195            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Potential
    3991196temperature (<font color="#000000">in </font>K).</td>
    400 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">dpt<br>
    401 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
     1197
     1198
     1199          </tr>
     1200
     1201
     1202          <tr>
     1203
     1204
     1205            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">dpt<br>
     1206
     1207
     1208            </td>
     1209
     1210
     1211            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
    4021212of potential
    4031213temperature from the initial profile at
    4041214the time t=0 (initialization profile) (<font color="#000000">in
    405 </font>K).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">e<br>
    406 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
     1215            </font>K).</td>
     1216
     1217
     1218          </tr>
     1219
     1220
     1221          <tr>
     1222
     1223
     1224            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">e<br>
     1225
     1226
     1227            </td>
     1228
     1229
     1230            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
    4071231kinetic energy
    4081232(subgrid-scale) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    409 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Km<br>
    410 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
     1233
     1234
     1235          </tr>
     1236
     1237
     1238          <tr>
     1239
     1240
     1241            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Km<br>
     1242
     1243
     1244            </td>
     1245
     1246
     1247            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
    4111248diffusion
    4121249coefficient for momentum (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
    413 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Kh<br>
    414 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
     1250
     1251
     1252          </tr>
     1253
     1254
     1255          <tr>
     1256
     1257
     1258            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Kh<br>
     1259
     1260
     1261            </td>
     1262
     1263
     1264            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
    4151265diffusion
    4161266coefficient for heat (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
    417 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">l<br>
    418 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Mixing
     1267
     1268
     1269          </tr>
     1270
     1271
     1272          <tr>
     1273
     1274
     1275            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">l<br>
     1276
     1277
     1278            </td>
     1279
     1280
     1281            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Mixing
    4191282length (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
    420 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
    421 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td>
    422 </tr> </tbody> </table>
    423 On the w-level the following columns are written:<br> <br>
    424 <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
    425 <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
    426 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
     1283
     1284
     1285          </tr>
     1286
     1287
     1288          <tr>
     1289
     1290
     1291            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     1292
     1293
     1294            </td>
     1295
     1296
     1297            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     1298
     1299
     1300            </td>
     1301
     1302
     1303          </tr>
     1304
     1305
     1306       
     1307        </tbody>
     1308     
     1309      </table>
     1310
     1311
     1312On the w-level the following columns are written:<br>
     1313
     1314
     1315      <br>
     1316
     1317
     1318     
     1319      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
     1320
     1321
     1322        <tbody>
     1323
     1324
     1325          <tr>
     1326
     1327
     1328            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
     1329
     1330
     1331            </td>
     1332
     1333
     1334            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
    4271335grid point
    428 index.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">zw<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Height of the grid
     1336index.</td>
     1337
     1338
     1339          </tr>
     1340
     1341
     1342          <tr>
     1343
     1344
     1345            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">zw<br>
     1346
     1347
     1348            </td>
     1349
     1350
     1351            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Height of
     1352the grid
    4291353point
    4301354level (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
    431 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'pt'</td>
    432 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical subgrid-scale
     1355
     1356
     1357          </tr>
     1358
     1359
     1360          <tr>
     1361
     1362
     1363            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'pt'</td>
     1364
     1365
     1366            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
     1367subgrid-scale
    4331368kinematic heat flux (<font color="#000000">in </font>K
    434 m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">wpt</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical total (
     1369m/s).</td>
     1370
     1371
     1372          </tr>
     1373
     1374
     1375          <tr>
     1376
     1377
     1378            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">wpt</td>
     1379
     1380
     1381            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
     1382total (
    4351383subgrid-scale + resolved)
    4361384kinematic heat flux (<font color="#000000">in </font>K
    437 m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'u'</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">u-component of the
     1385m/s).</td>
     1386
     1387
     1388          </tr>
     1389
     1390
     1391          <tr>
     1392
     1393
     1394            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'u'</td>
     1395
     1396
     1397            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">u-component
     1398of the
    4381399vertical subgrid-scale momentum flux (<font color="#000000">in
    439 </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    440 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">wu</td>
    441 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">u-component of the
     1400            </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
     1401
     1402
     1403          </tr>
     1404
     1405
     1406          <tr>
     1407
     1408
     1409            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">wu</td>
     1410
     1411
     1412            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">u-component
     1413of the
    4421414total
    4431415vertical momentum flux (
    4441416subgrid-scale + resolved) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    445 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'v'</td>
    446 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">v-component of the
     1417
     1418
     1419          </tr>
     1420
     1421
     1422          <tr>
     1423
     1424
     1425            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'v'</td>
     1426
     1427
     1428            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">v-component
     1429of the
    4471430vertical subgrid-scale momentum flux (<font color="#000000">in
    448 </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    449 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">wv</td>
    450 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">v-component of the
     1431            </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
     1432
     1433
     1434          </tr>
     1435
     1436
     1437          <tr>
     1438
     1439
     1440            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">wv</td>
     1441
     1442
     1443            <td style="vertical-align: middle;">v-component
     1444of the
    4511445total
    4521446vertical momentum flux (
    4531447subgrid-scale + resolved) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    454 </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> </td> </tr>
    455 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">17
    456 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="LIST_PROFIL_1D"></a>LIST_PROFIL_1D </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This file contains the vertical
     1448
     1449
     1450          </tr>
     1451
     1452
     1453       
     1454        </tbody>
     1455     
     1456      </table>
     1457
     1458
     1459      <br>
     1460
     1461
     1462      </td>
     1463
     1464
     1465    </tr>
     1466
     1467
     1468    <tr>
     1469
     1470
     1471      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">17
     1472      </td>
     1473
     1474
     1475      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="LIST_PROFIL_1D"></a>LIST_PROFIL_1D<br>
     1476
     1477
     1478(LIST_PROFIL_1D_O)</td>
     1479
     1480
     1481      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
     1482
     1483
     1484      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
     1485
     1486
     1487      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This file contains
     1488the vertical
    4571489profiles calculated by the
    45814901D-model within initial runs. The quantities saved are set
    … …  
    4661498only switched on at initial runs), executing computer, date,
    4671499time of the beginning of the run, output time). Afterwards the
    468 following columns appear:<br> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
    469 <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
    470 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
    471 grid point index.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">zu<br>
    472 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Height
     1500following columns appear:<br>
     1501
     1502
     1503     
     1504      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
     1505
     1506
     1507        <tbody>
     1508
     1509
     1510          <tr>
     1511
     1512
     1513            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
     1514
     1515
     1516            </td>
     1517
     1518
     1519            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
     1520grid point index.</td>
     1521
     1522
     1523          </tr>
     1524
     1525
     1526          <tr>
     1527
     1528
     1529            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">zu<br>
     1530
     1531
     1532            </td>
     1533
     1534
     1535            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Height
    4731536of the grid point
    4741537level (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
    475 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u<br>
    476 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u-component
     1538
     1539
     1540          </tr>
     1541
     1542
     1543          <tr>
     1544
     1545
     1546            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u<br>
     1547
     1548
     1549            </td>
     1550
     1551
     1552            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u-component
    4771553of the wind
    4781554velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
    479 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v<br>
    480 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v-component
     1555
     1556
     1557          </tr>
     1558
     1559
     1560          <tr>
     1561
     1562
     1563            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v<br>
     1564
     1565
     1566            </td>
     1567
     1568
     1569            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v-component
    4811570of the wind
    4821571velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
    483 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">pt<br>
    484 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Potential
     1572
     1573
     1574          </tr>
     1575
     1576
     1577          <tr>
     1578
     1579
     1580            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">pt<br>
     1581
     1582
     1583            </td>
     1584
     1585
     1586            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Potential
    4851587temperature (<font color="#000000">in </font>K).</td>
    486 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">e<br>
    487 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
     1588
     1589
     1590          </tr>
     1591
     1592
     1593          <tr>
     1594
     1595
     1596            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">e<br>
     1597
     1598
     1599            </td>
     1600
     1601
     1602            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
    4881603kinetic energy (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    489 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">rif<br>
    490 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Flux
    491 Richardson number</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Km<br>
    492 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
     1604
     1605
     1606          </tr>
     1607
     1608
     1609          <tr>
     1610
     1611
     1612            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">rif<br>
     1613
     1614
     1615            </td>
     1616
     1617
     1618            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Flux
     1619Richardson number</td>
     1620
     1621
     1622          </tr>
     1623
     1624
     1625          <tr>
     1626
     1627
     1628            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Km<br>
     1629
     1630
     1631            </td>
     1632
     1633
     1634            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
    4931635diffusion
    4941636coefficient for momentum (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
    495 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Kh<br>
    496 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
     1637
     1638
     1639          </tr>
     1640
     1641
     1642          <tr>
     1643
     1644
     1645            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Kh<br>
     1646
     1647
     1648            </td>
     1649
     1650
     1651            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
    4971652diffusion
    4981653coefficient for heat (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
    499 </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">l<br>
    500 </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#000000">Mixing
    501 length (</font><font color="#000000">in </font><font color="#000000">m).</font></td> </tr> </tbody>
    502 </table> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">18 </td>
    503 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="CPU_MEASURES"></a>CPU_MEASURES
    504 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
    505 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time measurements are
     1654
     1655
     1656          </tr>
     1657
     1658
     1659          <tr>
     1660
     1661
     1662            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">l<br>
     1663
     1664
     1665            </td>
     1666
     1667
     1668            <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#000000">Mixing
     1669length (</font><font color="#000000">in </font><font color="#000000">m).</font></td>
     1670
     1671
     1672          </tr>
     1673
     1674
     1675       
     1676        </tbody>
     1677     
     1678      </table>
     1679
     1680
     1681      <br>
     1682
     1683
     1684      </td>
     1685
     1686
     1687    </tr>
     1688
     1689
     1690    <tr>
     1691
     1692
     1693      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">18
     1694      </td>
     1695
     1696
     1697      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="CPU_MEASURES"></a>CPU_MEASURES<br>
     1698
     1699
     1700(CPU_MEASURES_O)</td>
     1701
     1702
     1703      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
     1704
     1705
     1706      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
     1707
     1708
     1709      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time measurements
     1710are
    5061711accomplished through the subroutine <span style="font-family: monospace;">cpu_log.f90.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span> The file
    5071712CPU_MEASURES contains a header with some basic information of the
    … …  
    5171722measures) overlaps (in particular with the parts described in the first
    5181723table) are possible.&nbsp; <br>
     1724
     1725
    5191726For each model part it is indicated in the following columns how much
    5201727CPU time was needed (absolutely and relative), and how often it was
    … …  
    5271734parallelization the CPU times on the individual processors should
    5281735differ only little from each other and the standard deviation should be
    529 small.&nbsp; </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">19 </td>
    530 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="HEADER"></a>HEADER
    531 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
    532 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Information about
     1736small.&nbsp; </td>
     1737
     1738
     1739    </tr>
     1740
     1741
     1742    <tr>
     1743
     1744
     1745      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">19
     1746      </td>
     1747
     1748
     1749      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="HEADER"></a>HEADER<br>
     1750
     1751
     1752(HEADER_O) </td>
     1753
     1754
     1755      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
     1756
     1757
     1758      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
     1759
     1760
     1761      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1762     
     1763      <p>Information about
    5331764the selected model parameters (physical and
    5341765numerical values) as well as general information about the
    535 run.&nbsp; </p> <p>This file contains the values of
     1766run.&nbsp; </p>
     1767
     1768
     1769     
     1770      <p>This file contains the values of
    5361771all important steering
    5371772parameters
    … …  
    5541789time reached is missing etc.) and then briefly before the normal end of
    5551790the simulation. The second, now complete output overwrites the first
    556 output.).&nbsp; </p> <p>At the end of the file,
     1791output.).&nbsp; </p>
     1792
     1793
     1794     
     1795      <p>At the end of the file,
    5571796information about the values of user
    5581797parameters (see <a href="chapter_3.7.html">chapter
    … …  
    5711810profiles and time series are output. All further information to appear
    5721811here, must be provided by the user (by appropriate
    573 WRITE statements in <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">user_header</font></tt>).</p> </td>
    574 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">21 </td>
    575 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY"></a>PLOT2D_XY
    576 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td>
    577 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br> </td>
    578 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>This file
     1812WRITE statements in <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">user_header</font></tt>).</p>
     1813
     1814
     1815      </td>
     1816
     1817
     1818    </tr>
     1819
     1820
     1821    <tr>
     1822
     1823
     1824      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">21
     1825      </td>
     1826
     1827
     1828      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY"></a>PLOT2D_XY<br>
     1829
     1830
     1831(PLOT2D_XY_O)</td>
     1832
     1833
     1834      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     1835
     1836
     1837      </td>
     1838
     1839
     1840      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     1841
     1842
     1843      </td>
     1844
     1845
     1846      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1847     
     1848      <p>This file
    5791849contains data of the two-dimensional horizontal
    5801850cross sections written by the model (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    … …  
    5881858local files <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
    5891859and <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>.&nbsp;
    590 </p> <p>With parallel runs and choice of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</a>
     1860      </p>
     1861
     1862
     1863     
     1864      <p>With parallel runs and choice of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</a>
    5911865= <i>.T.</i> each processing element writes the data of
    5921866its subdomain
    … …  
    6081882possibly existing files of the other cross sections (xz and/or yz)
    6091883and three-dimensional arrays (see <a href="#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>)
    610 are also combined.&nbsp; </p> <p>Further information
     1884are also combined.&nbsp; </p>
     1885
     1886
     1887     
     1888      <p>Further information
    6111889about the output of plots of
    6121890two-dimensional cross sections is found in the description of the run
    6131891parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>.</p>
    614 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">22<br>
    615 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ"></a>PLOT2D_XZ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>This file contains
     1892
     1893
     1894      </td>
     1895
     1896
     1897    </tr>
     1898
     1899
     1900    <tr>
     1901
     1902
     1903      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">22<br>
     1904
     1905
     1906      </td>
     1907
     1908
     1909      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ"></a>PLOT2D_XZ<br>
     1910
     1911
     1912(PLOT2D_XZ_O) </td>
     1913
     1914
     1915      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     1916
     1917
     1918      </td>
     1919
     1920
     1921      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     1922
     1923
     1924      </td>
     1925
     1926
     1927      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1928     
     1929      <p>This file contains
    6161930the data of the xz
    6171931cross sections written by the model.&nbsp; </p>
     1932
     1933
    6181934The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
    619 applies to this file, respectively </td> </tr> <tr>
    620 <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">23<br>
    621 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ"></a>PLOT2D_YZ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>This file contains
     1935applies to this file, respectively </td>
     1936
     1937
     1938    </tr>
     1939
     1940
     1941    <tr>
     1942
     1943
     1944      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">23<br>
     1945
     1946
     1947      </td>
     1948
     1949
     1950      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ"></a>PLOT2D_YZ<br>
     1951
     1952
     1953      <font color="#000000">(PLOT2D_YZ_O)</font></td>
     1954
     1955
     1956      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     1957
     1958
     1959      </td>
     1960
     1961
     1962      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     1963
     1964
     1965      </td>
     1966
     1967
     1968      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1969     
     1970      <p>This file contains
    6221971the data of the xz
    6231972cross sections written by the model.&nbsp; </p>
     1973
     1974
    6241975The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
    625 applies to this file, respectively </td> </tr> <tr>
    626 <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">27<br>
    627 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL </td>
    628 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br> </td>
    629 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>NAMELIST -
     1976applies to this file, respectively </td>
     1977
     1978
     1979    </tr>
     1980
     1981
     1982    <tr>
     1983
     1984
     1985      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">27<br>
     1986
     1987
     1988      </td>
     1989
     1990
     1991      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL<br>
     1992
     1993
     1994(PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL_O)</td>
     1995
     1996
     1997      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     1998
     1999
     2000      </td>
     2001
     2002
     2003      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br>
     2004
     2005
     2006      </td>
     2007
     2008
     2009      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2010     
     2011      <p>NAMELIST -
    6302012parameter sets, with which the plot layout of the
    6312013data in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
    … …  
    6352017field
    6362018present at the file PLOT2D_XY). After the model run these parameter
    637 sets can be edited by the user, if neccessary.&nbsp; </p> <p>Additionally
     2019sets can be edited by the user, if neccessary.&nbsp; </p>
     2020
     2021
     2022     
     2023      <p>Additionally
    6382024ISO2D still needs another so-called global
    6392025parameter set. This is saved by the model to the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>.
    … …  
    6502036(only then e.g. when the final value of the global ISO2D - parameter <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html#PLANZ">planz</a>
    6512037is known), while the local parameter sets are written continuously
    652 to the file PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL during the run.</p> </td> </tr>
    653 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">28<br>
    654 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL </td>
    655 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br> </td>
    656 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>NAMELIST -
     2038to the file PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL during the run.</p>
     2039
     2040
     2041      </td>
     2042
     2043
     2044    </tr>
     2045
     2046
     2047    <tr>
     2048
     2049
     2050      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">28<br>
     2051
     2052
     2053      </td>
     2054
     2055
     2056      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL<br>
     2057
     2058
     2059      <font color="#000000">(PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL_O)</font>
     2060      </td>
     2061
     2062
     2063      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2064
     2065
     2066      </td>
     2067
     2068
     2069      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br>
     2070
     2071
     2072      </td>
     2073
     2074
     2075      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2076     
     2077      <p>NAMELIST -
    6572078parameter sets, with which the plot layout of the
    6582079data in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>
    6592080can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">ISO2D</a>.&nbsp;
    660 </p> <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>
    661 applies to this file, respectively. </p> </td> </tr>
    662 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">29<br>
    663 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL </td>
    664 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br> </td>
    665 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>NAMELIST -
     2081      </p>
     2082
     2083
     2084     
     2085      <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>
     2086applies to this file, respectively. </p>
     2087
     2088
     2089      </td>
     2090
     2091
     2092    </tr>
     2093
     2094
     2095    <tr>
     2096
     2097
     2098      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">29<br>
     2099
     2100
     2101      </td>
     2102
     2103
     2104      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL<br>
     2105
     2106
     2107      <font color="#000000">(PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL_O)</font></td>
     2108
     2109
     2110      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2111
     2112
     2113      </td>
     2114
     2115
     2116      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br>
     2117
     2118
     2119      </td>
     2120
     2121
     2122      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2123     
     2124      <p>NAMELIST -
    6662125parameter sets, with which the plot layout of the
    6672126data in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>
    6682127can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">ISO2D</a>.&nbsp;
    669 </p> <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>
    670 applies to this file, respectively. </p> </td> </tr>
    671 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">30<br>
    672 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_DATA"></a>PLOT3D_DATA </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>This file contains
     2128      </p>
     2129
     2130
     2131     
     2132      <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>
     2133applies to this file, respectively. </p>
     2134
     2135
     2136      </td>
     2137
     2138
     2139    </tr>
     2140
     2141
     2142    <tr>
     2143
     2144
     2145      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">30<br>
     2146
     2147
     2148      </td>
     2149
     2150
     2151      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_DATA"></a>PLOT3D_DATA<br>
     2152
     2153
     2154(PLOT3D_DATA_O) </td>
     2155
     2156
     2157      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2158
     2159
     2160      </td>
     2161
     2162
     2163      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     2164
     2165
     2166      </td>
     2167
     2168
     2169      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2170     
     2171      <p>This file contains
    6732172the data of the three-dimensional arrays
    6742173(see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    … …  
    6852184the file PLOT3D_FLD by the user after the end of the model run (e.g.
    6862185with an appropriate OUTPUT - command in the MRUN - configuration file: "<span style="font-family: monospace;">cat PLOT3D_FLD_COOR
    687 &gt;&gt; PLOT3D_FLD</span>").&nbsp; </p> <p>With
     2186&gt;&gt; PLOT3D_FLD</span>").&nbsp; </p>
     2187
     2188
     2189     
     2190      <p>With
    6882191parallel runs each processing element writes the data of
    6892192its subdomain to a separate file with the name
    … …  
    7012204found). By the call of <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
    7022205also possibly existing files with two-dimensional plot data (see e.g. <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>)
    703 are combined.&nbsp; </p> <p>With parallel runs the
     2206are combined.&nbsp; </p>
     2207
     2208
     2209     
     2210      <p>With parallel runs the
    7042211output of data of large volume is also
    7052212possible in compressed form. For this purpose the initialization
    … …  
    7142221and a further entry in the MRUN-configuration file are needed. More
    7152222details can be found in <a href="chapter_4.5.6.html">chapter
    716 4.5.6</a>.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">31<br>
    717 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_COOR"></a>PLOT3D_COOR </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Coordinate
     22234.5.6</a>.</p>
     2224
     2225
     2226      </td>
     2227
     2228
     2229    </tr>
     2230
     2231
     2232    <tr>
     2233
     2234
     2235      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">31<br>
     2236
     2237
     2238      </td>
     2239
     2240
     2241      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_COOR"></a>PLOT3D_COOR </td>
     2242
     2243
     2244      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2245
     2246
     2247      </td>
     2248
     2249
     2250      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     2251
     2252
     2253      </td>
     2254
     2255
     2256      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2257     
     2258      <p>Coordinate
    7182259information concerning
    7192260the three-dimensional arrays (see <a href="#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>)
    720 needed by the visualization software AVS.&nbsp; </p> <p>The
     2261needed by the visualization software AVS.&nbsp; </p>
     2262
     2263
     2264     
     2265      <p>The
    7212266file PLOT3D_COOR should be saved by the user into the same
    722 permanent directory as the file PLOT3D_DATA.&nbsp; </p> <p>For
    723 parallel runs PLOT3D_COOR is written by PE0 only.</p> </td>
    724 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">32<br>
    725 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_FLD"></a>PLOT3D_FLD </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
    726 AVS-Fld </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>AVS-fld-file
     2267permanent directory as the file PLOT3D_DATA.&nbsp; </p>
     2268
     2269
     2270     
     2271      <p>For
     2272parallel runs PLOT3D_COOR is written by PE0 only.</p>
     2273
     2274
     2275      </td>
     2276
     2277
     2278    </tr>
     2279
     2280
     2281    <tr>
     2282
     2283
     2284      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">32<br>
     2285
     2286
     2287      </td>
     2288
     2289
     2290      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_FLD"></a>PLOT3D_FLD </td>
     2291
     2292
     2293      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2294
     2295
     2296      </td>
     2297
     2298
     2299      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
     2300
     2301
     2302AVS-Fld </td>
     2303
     2304
     2305      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2306     
     2307      <p>AVS-fld-file
    7272308describing the three-dimensional
    7282309array data, saved by the model into the local file <a href="#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>,
    729 needed by the visualization software AVS.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     2310needed by the visualization software AVS.&nbsp; </p>
     2311
     2312
     2313     
     2314      <p>This
    7302315file describes the structure of the file PLOT3D_DATA
    7312316(e.g. number of arrays, array dimensions, data type etc.). It uses the
    … …  
    7452330that AVS can find the file PLOT3D_DATA without any problems. If the two
    7462331files lie in different directories, then the path name of the file
    747 PLOT3D_DATA must be added.&nbsp; </p> <p>AVS-fld-files
     2332PLOT3D_DATA must be added.&nbsp; </p>
     2333
     2334
     2335     
     2336      <p>AVS-fld-files
    7482337are expected by AVS to have the
    7492338suffix "<span style="font-family: monospace;">.fld</span>"<font face="Cumberland, monospace">.</font>
    … …  
    7542343if&nbsp;"<span style="font-family: monospace;">fld</span>"
    7552344is indicated in the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#Spalte6">column
    756 6 </a>of the file connection statement.&nbsp; </p> <p>Likewise,
     23456 </a>of the file connection statement.&nbsp; </p>
     2346
     2347
     2348     
     2349      <p>Likewise,
    7572350AVS expects information about the coordinate
    7582351system underlying the arrays on this file. This information is output
    … …  
    7632356MRUN-configuration file: &ldquo;cat PLOT3D_FLD_COOR
    7642357&gt;&gt;
    765 PLOT3D_FLD&rdquo;).&nbsp; </p> <p>For parallel
    766 runs, PLOT3D_FLD is produced by PE0 only.</p> </td> </tr>
    767 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">33
    768 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_FLD_COOR"></a>PLOT3D_FLD_COOR </td>
    769 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
    770 AVS-Fld </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>File
     2358PLOT3D_FLD&rdquo;).&nbsp; </p>
     2359
     2360
     2361     
     2362      <p>For parallel
     2363runs, PLOT3D_FLD is produced by PE0 only.</p>
     2364
     2365
     2366      </td>
     2367
     2368
     2369    </tr>
     2370
     2371
     2372    <tr>
     2373
     2374
     2375      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">33
     2376      </td>
     2377
     2378
     2379      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_FLD_COOR"></a>PLOT3D_FLD_COOR </td>
     2380
     2381
     2382      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2383
     2384
     2385      </td>
     2386
     2387
     2388      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
     2389
     2390
     2391AVS-Fld </td>
     2392
     2393
     2394      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2395     
     2396      <p>File
    7712397for the description of the coordinate information output
    7722398by the model into the local file <a href="#PLOT3D_COOR">PLOT3D_COOR</a>,
    7732399which is needed for the visualization of three-dimensional array data
    774 by visualization-software AVS.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     2400by visualization-software AVS.&nbsp; </p>
     2401
     2402
     2403     
     2404      <p>This
    7752405file describes the structure of the file PLOT3D_COOR
    7762406(e.g. grid spacing, data type etc.) using the so-called AVS-Fld-format.
    … …  
    7852415registered as "unknown" in the file
    7862416PLOT3D_FLD_COOR and the actual name
    787 must be inserted later by hand.&nbsp; </p> <p>AVS
     2417must be inserted later by hand.&nbsp; </p>
     2418
     2419
     2420     
     2421      <p>AVS
    7882422expects the information contained in the file
    7892423PLOT3D_FLD_COOR, as well as the remaining information about the
    … …  
    7942428MRUN-configuration file: &ldquo;cat PLOT3D_FLD_COOR
    7952429&gt;&gt;
    796 PLOT3D_FLD&rdquo;).&nbsp; </p> <p>For parallel
    797 runs, PLOT3D_FLD_COOR is written by PE0 only.</p> </td> </tr>
    798 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">
    799 <p align="center">40&nbsp; </p> <p align="center">and/or&nbsp; <br>
    800 possibly&nbsp; </p> <p align="center">40-49</p>
    801 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="PLOT1D_DATA"></a>PLOT1D_DATA&nbsp; </p>
    802 <p>and/or&nbsp; <br>
     2430PLOT3D_FLD&rdquo;).&nbsp; </p>
     2431
     2432
     2433     
     2434      <p>For parallel
     2435runs, PLOT3D_FLD_COOR is written by PE0 only.</p>
     2436
     2437
     2438      </td>
     2439
     2440
     2441    </tr>
     2442
     2443
     2444    <tr>
     2445
     2446
     2447      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">
     2448     
     2449      <p align="center">40&nbsp; </p>
     2450
     2451
     2452     
     2453      <p align="center">and/or&nbsp; <br>
     2454
     2455
    8032456possibly&nbsp; </p>
     2457
     2458
     2459     
     2460      <p align="center">40-49</p>
     2461
     2462
     2463      </td>
     2464
     2465
     2466      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2467     
     2468      <p><a name="PLOT1D_DATA"></a>PLOT1D_DATA<br>
     2469
     2470
     2471(PLOT1D_DATA_O) </p>
     2472
     2473
     2474     
     2475      <p>and/or&nbsp; <br>
     2476
     2477
     2478possibly&nbsp; </p>
     2479
     2480
    8042481PLOT1D_DATA_0&nbsp; <br>
    805 PLOT1D_DATA_1&nbsp; </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>This file contains
     2482
     2483
     2484PLOT1D_DATA_1<br>
     2485
     2486
     2487...<br>
     2488
     2489
     2490      <br>
     2491
     2492
     2493(PLOT1D_DATA<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>_0&nbsp;<br>
     2494
     2495
     2496      <font color="#000000">PLOT1D_DATA<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>_1 <br>
     2497
     2498
     2499      </font><font color="#000000">...)<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>&nbsp;</font></td>
     2500
     2501
     2502      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
     2503
     2504
     2505      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
     2506
     2507
     2508      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2509     
     2510      <p>This file contains
    8062511data (possibly horizontally and/or
    8072512temporally averaged) of the vertical profiles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
    … …  
    8182523(<b>data_output_pr</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>,&hellip;
    8192524means that the file starts with the data of the u-component profile,
    820 followed by the v-component profile, etc.).&nbsp;</p> <p><br>
     2525followed by the v-component profile, etc.).&nbsp;</p>
     2526
     2527
     2528     
     2529      <p><br>
     2530
     2531
    8212532The data can only be visualized with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
    8222533using NAMELIST-parameter sets, which are saved by the
    8232534model into the local file <a href="#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>.&nbsp;
    824 </p> <p>The profile data written to the file are described
     2535      </p>
     2536
     2537
     2538     
     2539      <p>The profile data written to the file are described
    8252540with the
    8262541run parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>.
    … …  
    8472562to the file name (e.g. PLOT1D_DATA_1). The name of the file with the
    8482563data of the total
    849 domain in this case reads PLOT1D_DATA_0.&nbsp; </p> <p>For
     2564domain in this case reads PLOT1D_DATA_0.&nbsp; </p>
     2565
     2566
     2567     
     2568      <p>For
    8502569presentation in the same plot, profile data of the restart
    8512570runs can be attached to existing data of preceding runs of a job chain.
    … …  
    8572576wrong plots (i.e. <span style="font-family: monospace;">use_prior_plot1d_parameters
    8582577= .T.</span> and "<span style="font-family: monospace;">tra</span>"
    859 must be specified together)!&nbsp; </p> <p>Further
     2578must be specified together)!&nbsp; </p>
     2579
     2580
     2581     
     2582      <p>Further
    8602583information about output of
    8612584vertical profile data is given in the description of the run parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>.</p>
    862 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">80 </td>
    863 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_INFOS"></a>PARTICLE_INFOS/ </td>
    864 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
     2585
     2586
     2587      </td>
     2588
     2589
     2590    </tr>
     2591
     2592
     2593    <tr>
     2594
     2595
     2596      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">80
     2597      </td>
     2598
     2599
     2600      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_INFOS"></a>PARTICLE_INFOS/<br>
     2601
     2602
     2603(PARTICLE_INFOS<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)
     2604      </td>
     2605
     2606
     2607      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
     2608
     2609
     2610      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
     2611
     2612
     2613      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
    8652614file is created in case of particle transport (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">particles
    8662615package</a>). It contains statistical informations about the
    … …  
    8692618single PE. These informations are output after every timestep if
    8702619switched on by parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#write_particle_statistics">write_particle_statistics</a>.
    871 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">81 </td>
    872 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_X_PAR"></a>PLOTSP_X_PAR
    873 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
    874 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/<br>
    875 NAMELIST </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
     2620      </td>
     2621
     2622
     2623    </tr>
     2624
     2625
     2626    <tr>
     2627
     2628
     2629      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">81
     2630      </td>
     2631
     2632
     2633      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_X_PAR"></a>PLOTSP_X_PAR<br>
     2634
     2635
     2636(PLOTSP_X_PAR_O)</td>
     2637
     2638
     2639      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
     2640
     2641
     2642      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/<br>
     2643
     2644
     2645NAMELIST </td>
     2646
     2647
     2648      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
    8762649file is created if spectra along x are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
    8772650package</a>). It contains the NAMELIST parameter set, with which
    … …  
    8802653of the data in the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
    8812654can be steered, if these data are plotted with the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.<br>
    882 <p>It contains the so-called RAHMEN (frame)- and
     2655
     2656
     2657     
     2658      <p>It contains the so-called RAHMEN (frame)- and
    8832659CROSS-parameter sets (NAMELIST- group names <span style="font-style: normal;">&amp;RAHMEN and/or
    8842660&amp;CROSS</span>)
    8852661needed by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
    8862662The user can edit these parameter sets (and thus all details of the
    887 plot layout) after the run.<br> </p> <p>By default,
     2663plot layout) after the run.<br>
     2664
     2665
     2666      </p>
     2667
     2668
     2669     
     2670      <p>By default,
    8882671for one quantity, all spectra at different heights
    8892672are plotted into a single panel. Different colors and line styles are
    … …  
    8922675additional page(s). If there is more than one output time (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>),
    8932676additional pages will be plotted for each single output time. </p>
    894 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">82<br>
    895 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_X_DATA"></a>PLOTSP_X_DATA </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
     2677
     2678
     2679      </td>
     2680
     2681
     2682    </tr>
     2683
     2684
     2685    <tr>
     2686
     2687
     2688      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">82<br>
     2689
     2690
     2691      </td>
     2692
     2693
     2694      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_X_DATA"></a>PLOTSP_X_DATA<br>
     2695
     2696
     2697(PLOTSP_X_DATA_O) </td>
     2698
     2699
     2700      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2701
     2702
     2703      </td>
     2704
     2705
     2706      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
     2707
     2708
     2709      </td>
     2710
     2711
     2712      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
    8962713file is created if spectra along x are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
    8972714package</a>). It contains the spectral data along x (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>)
    … …  
    9002717using NAMELIST parameter sets, which are written by
    9012718the model to the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_X_PAR</a>.<br>
    902 <br>
     2719
     2720
     2721      <br>
     2722
     2723
    9032724Regardless of the (sub)set of spectra specified by <a href="chapter_4.2.html#plot_spectra_level">plot_spectra_level</a>
    9042725for actual plotting, this file contains all data of spectra specified
    9052726by <a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level">comp_spectra_level</a>.<br>
    906 <br> <font>Each data point of a spectrum is output in a
     2727
     2728
     2729      <br>
     2730
     2731
     2732      <font>Each data point of a spectrum is output in a
    9072733single line
    9082734(1st column:
    … …  
    9122738subsequent columns. </font>The order
    9132739of the data in the file follows the order used in the assignment for <span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>.<br>
    914 <br>
     2740
     2741
     2742      <br>
     2743
     2744
    9152745For orientation, a header of comment lines (one for each height level)
    9162746is placed in front of the spectral data of each quantity. They indicate
    9172747the respective quantity and the output time. The text of these comment
    918 lines is used as a legend in the plot. </td> </tr> <tr>
    919 <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">83<br>
    920 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_Y_PAR"></a>PLOTSP_Y_PAR </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
     2748lines is used as a legend in the plot. </td>
     2749
     2750
     2751    </tr>
     2752
     2753
     2754    <tr>
     2755
     2756
     2757      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">83<br>
     2758
     2759
     2760      </td>
     2761
     2762
     2763      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_Y_PAR"></a>PLOTSP_Y_PAR<br>
     2764
     2765
     2766(PLOTSP_Y_PAR_O)</td>
     2767
     2768
     2769      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2770
     2771
     2772      </td>
     2773
     2774
     2775      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
     2776
     2777
     2778      </td>
     2779
     2780
     2781      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
    9212782file is created if spectra along y are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
    9222783package</a>). It contains the NAMELIST parameter set, with which
    … …  
    9252786of the data in the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
    9262787can be steered, if these data are plotted with the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.<br>
    927 <br>
     2788
     2789
     2790      <br>
     2791
     2792
    9282793For more details see <a href="#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_X_PAR</a>.<br>
    929 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">84<br>
    930 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_Y_DATA"></a>PLOTSP_Y_DATA</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
     2794
     2795
     2796      </td>
     2797
     2798
     2799    </tr>
     2800
     2801
     2802    <tr>
     2803
     2804
     2805      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">84<br>
     2806
     2807
     2808      </td>
     2809
     2810
     2811      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_Y_DATA"></a>PLOTSP_Y_DATA<br>
     2812
     2813
     2814(PLOTSP_Y_DATA_O)</td>
     2815
     2816
     2817      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2818
     2819
     2820      </td>
     2821
     2822
     2823      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
     2824
     2825
     2826      </td>
     2827
     2828
     2829      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
    9312830file is created if spectra along x are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
    9322831package</a>). It contains the spectral data along y (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>)
    … …  
    9352834using NAMELIST parameter sets, which are written by
    9362835the model to the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_Y_PAR">PLOTSP_Y_PAR</a>.<br>
    937 <br>
     2836
     2837
     2838      <br>
     2839
     2840
    9382841For more details see <a href="#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>.</td>
    939 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">85<br>
    940 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_DATA"></a>PARTICLE_DATA/</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
     2842
     2843
     2844    </tr>
     2845
     2846
     2847    <tr>
     2848
     2849
     2850      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">85<br>
     2851
     2852
     2853      </td>
     2854
     2855
     2856      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_DATA"></a>PARTICLE_DATA/<br>
     2857
     2858
     2859(PARTICLE_DATA<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</td>
     2860
     2861
     2862      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2863
     2864
     2865      </td>
     2866
     2867
     2868      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     2869
     2870
     2871      </td>
     2872
     2873
     2874      <td style="vertical-align: top;">This
    9412875file is created if particle transport is switched on (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">particles
    9422876package</a>) and contains all particle data for one or several
    9432877output
    9442878times (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_write_particle_data">dt_write_particle_data</a>).<br>
    945 <br>
     2879
     2880
     2881      <br>
     2882
     2883
    9462884The first record of this file contains an identification string (PALM
    9472885version number, run identifier, etc., 80 characters long). The second
    … …  
    9532891the actual particle data. A FORTRAN TYPE structure is used for storing
    9542892the particle attributes. See file <span style="font-family: monospace;">advec_particles.f90</span>
    955 for the detailed format.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90</td>
    956 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN"></a>PARTICLE_RESTART_<br>
    957 DATA_IN/</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
    958 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
    959 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary
     2893for the detailed format.</td>
     2894
     2895
     2896    </tr>
     2897
     2898
     2899    <tr>
     2900
     2901
     2902      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90</td>
     2903
     2904
     2905      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN"></a>PARTICLE_RESTART_<br>
     2906
     2907
     2908DATA_IN/</td>
     2909
     2910
     2911      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
     2912
     2913
     2914      </td>
     2915
     2916
     2917      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     2918
     2919
     2920      </td>
     2921
     2922
     2923      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary
    9602924data, which are read in by the model at the beginning
    9612925of a restart run (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
    … …  
    9712935The
    9722936number of processors which can be used must not be changed during a job
    973 chain and/or if a job chain is continued. <br> <br>
     2937chain and/or if a job chain is continued. <br>
     2938
     2939
     2940      <br>
     2941
     2942
    9742943The first record of this file contains a version number (four character
    9752944string) of the subroutine, which output the data that follows (<span style="font-family: monospace;">write_particles</span>,
    … …  
    9922961attributes. For detailed informations about the file format see the
    9932962corresponding READ statements in file <span style="font-family: monospace;">init_particles.f90</span>
    994 .<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
    995 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN"></a>PARTICLE_RESTART_<br>
    996 DATA_OUT/</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
    997 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
    998 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary
     2963.<br>
     2964
     2965
     2966      </td>
     2967
     2968
     2969    </tr>
     2970
     2971
     2972    <tr>
     2973
     2974
     2975      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
     2976
     2977
     2978      </td>
     2979
     2980
     2981      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN"></a>PARTICLE_RESTART_<br>
     2982
     2983
     2984DATA_OUT/</td>
     2985
     2986
     2987      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     2988
     2989
     2990      </td>
     2991
     2992
     2993      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
     2994
     2995
     2996      </td>
     2997
     2998
     2999      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary
    9993000data, which are output at the end of the
    10003001run and possibly needed by restart runs (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
    … …  
    10043005package</a>). For a more detailed description of the file
    10053006structure see <a href="#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>.</td>
    1006 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
    1007 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="PLOT1D_PAR"></a>PLOT1D_PAR&nbsp; </p>
    1008 <p>and/or&nbsp; <br>
    1009 possibly&nbsp; </p> <p>PLOT1D_PAR_0&nbsp; <br>
     3007
     3008
     3009    </tr>
     3010
     3011
     3012    <tr>
     3013
     3014
     3015      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
     3016
     3017
     3018      </td>
     3019
     3020
     3021      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3022     
     3023      <p><a name="PLOT1D_PAR"></a>PLOT1D_PAR<br>
     3024
     3025
     3026(PLOT1D_PAR_O) </p>
     3027
     3028
     3029     
     3030      <p>and/or&nbsp; <br>
     3031
     3032
     3033possibly&nbsp; </p>
     3034
     3035
     3036     
     3037      <p>PLOT1D_PAR_0&nbsp; <br>
     3038
     3039
    10103040PLOT1D_PAR_1&nbsp; <br>
     3041
     3042
    10113043&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    10123044.&nbsp; <br>
     3045
     3046
    10133047&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    10143048.&nbsp; <br>
     3049
     3050
    10153051&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    10163052.&nbsp; <br>
    1017 PLOT1D_PAR_9</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
    1018 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/
    1019 NAMELIST<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1020 <p>NAMELIST parameter set, with which the layout of a plot
     3053
     3054
     3055PLOT1D_PAR_9</p>
     3056
     3057
     3058     
     3059      <p></p>
     3060
     3061
     3062     
     3063      <p>(PLOT1D_PAR<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>_0&nbsp;
     3064      <br>
     3065
     3066
     3067PLOT1D_PAR<font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span></font>_1&nbsp;
     3068      <br>
     3069
     3070
     3071&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     3072.&nbsp; <br>
     3073
     3074
     3075&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     3076.&nbsp; <br>
     3077
     3078
     3079&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     3080.&nbsp; <br>
     3081
     3082
     3083PLOT1D_PAR<font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span></font>_9)</p>
     3084
     3085
     3086      </td>
     3087
     3088
     3089      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     3090
     3091
     3092      </td>
     3093
     3094
     3095      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/
     3096NAMELIST<br>
     3097
     3098
     3099      </td>
     3100
     3101
     3102      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3103     
     3104      <p>NAMELIST parameter set, with which the layout of a plot
    10213105of the data in the local file <a href="#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
    10223106can be steered, if these data are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.&nbsp;
    1023 </p> <p>This file contains the so-called RAHMEN (frame)-
     3107      </p>
     3108
     3109
     3110     
     3111      <p>This file contains the so-called RAHMEN (frame)-
    10243112and
    10253113CROSS-parameter sets (NAMELIST- group names <span style="font-style: normal;">&amp;RAHMEN and/or
    … …  
    10323120into which plane and how these planes are arranged on the
    10333121plot, is determined with the parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>,
    1034 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>
     3122      <a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>
    10353123and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>.&nbsp;
    1036 </p> <p>The file PLOT1D_PAR is created by the model
     3124      </p>
     3125
     3126
     3127     
     3128      <p>The file PLOT1D_PAR is created by the model
    10373129briefly before
    10383130the end of a run. If a model run crashes uncontrolled (run time
    10393131errors or CPU - time exceeded), this file is usually missing, although
    1040 profile data were saved to the file PLOT1D_DATA.&nbsp; </p> <p>If
     3132profile data were saved to the file PLOT1D_DATA.&nbsp; </p>
     3133
     3134
     3135     
     3136      <p>If
    10413137the model has to create profiles for different subdomains
    10423138(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>),
    … …  
    10443140the respective subdomain (e.g. PLOT1D_PAR_1). In this case the name of
    10453141the file with NAMELIST parameters of the total domain is
    1046 PLOT1D_PAR_0.&nbsp; </p> <p>For presentation in the
     3142PLOT1D_PAR_0.&nbsp; </p>
     3143
     3144
     3145     
     3146      <p>For presentation in the
    10473147same plot, profile data of the restart
    10483148runs can be appended to existing data of preceding runs of a job chain.
    … …  
    10553155wrong plots (i.e. <span style="font-family: monospace;">use_prior_plot1d_parameters
    10563156= .T.</span> and "<span style="font-family: monospace;">tra</span>"
    1057 must be specified together)!</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    1058 <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
    1059 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</td>
    1060 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
    1061 NAMELIST</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>NAMELIST
     3157must be specified together)!</p>
     3158
     3159
     3160      </td>
     3161
     3162
     3163    </tr>
     3164
     3165
     3166    <tr>
     3167
     3168
     3169      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
     3170
     3171
     3172      </td>
     3173
     3174
     3175      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL<br>
     3176
     3177
     3178(PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL_O)</td>
     3179
     3180
     3181      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     3182
     3183
     3184      </td>
     3185
     3186
     3187      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
     3188
     3189
     3190NAMELIST</td>
     3191
     3192
     3193      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3194     
     3195      <p>NAMELIST
    10623196parameter set, with which the plot layout
    10633197of the data in local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
    … …  
    10703204will be drawn onto a separate page (thus no color shading
    10713205presentation, no vector arrows, streamlines etc.).&nbsp; </p>
    1072 <p>Additionally <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
     3206
     3207
     3208     
     3209      <p>Additionally <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
    10733210needs the so-called local parameter
    10743211sets. These are saved by the model to the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>.
    … …  
    10893226to the file PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL during the run. Since the file
    10903227PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL needs to be addressed only briefly once, output-unit
    1091 90 is used, which is also used for other files.</p> </td> </tr>
    1092 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
    1093 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL</td>
    1094 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
    1095 NAMELIST</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>NAMELIST
     322890 is used, which is also used for other files.</p>
     3229
     3230
     3231      </td>
     3232
     3233
     3234    </tr>
     3235
     3236
     3237    <tr>
     3238
     3239
     3240      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
     3241
     3242
     3243      </td>
     3244
     3245
     3246      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL<br>
     3247
     3248
     3249(PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL_O)</td>
     3250
     3251
     3252      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     3253
     3254
     3255      </td>
     3256
     3257
     3258      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
     3259
     3260
     3261NAMELIST</td>
     3262
     3263
     3264      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3265     
     3266      <p>NAMELIST
    10963267parameter set, with which the plot layout of the data
    10973268in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>
    10983269can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.&nbsp;
    1099 </p> <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
    1100 applies to this file, respectively.</p> </td> </tr>
    1101 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
    1102 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL</td>
    1103 <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
    1104 NAMELIST</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>NAMELIST
     3270      </p>
     3271
     3272
     3273     
     3274      <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
     3275applies to this file, respectively.</p>
     3276
     3277
     3278      </td>
     3279
     3280
     3281    </tr>
     3282
     3283
     3284    <tr>
     3285
     3286
     3287      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
     3288
     3289
     3290      </td>
     3291
     3292
     3293      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL<br>
     3294
     3295
     3296(PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL_O)</td>
     3297
     3298
     3299      <td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
     3300
     3301
     3302      </td>
     3303
     3304
     3305      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/&nbsp; <br>
     3306
     3307
     3308NAMELIST</td>
     3309
     3310
     3311      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3312     
     3313      <p>NAMELIST
    11053314parameter set, with which the plot layout of the data
    11063315in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>
    11073316can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.&nbsp;
    1108 </p> <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
    1109 applies to this file, respectively.</p> </td> </tr>
    1110 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90</td>
    1111 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="TOPOGRAPHY_DATA"></a>TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii</td> <td>Two-dimensional&nbsp;<font color="#000000">topography height information</font>
     3317      </p>
     3318
     3319
     3320     
     3321      <p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
     3322applies to this file, respectively.</p>
     3323
     3324
     3325      </td>
     3326
     3327
     3328    </tr>
     3329
     3330
     3331    <tr>
     3332
     3333
     3334      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90</td>
     3335
     3336
     3337      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="TOPOGRAPHY_DATA"></a>TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</td>
     3338
     3339
     3340      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     3341
     3342
     3343      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii</td>
     3344
     3345
     3346      <td>Two-dimensional&nbsp;<font color="#000000">topography
     3347height information</font>
    11123348in m.<br>
     3349
     3350
    11133351In case of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a>
    11143352= <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span>
    … …  
    11173355a free floating point format. The data on file are laid out naturally,
    11183356i.e. in W-E orientation horizontally and in S-N orientation vertically,
    1119 they must thus be organized as follows:<br> <ul> <li>each
     3357they must thus be organized as follows:<br>
     3358
     3359
     3360     
     3361      <ul>
     3362
     3363
     3364        <li>each
    11203365line contains height information in m from <span style="font-style: italic;">i = 0, ..., nx</span>,</li>
    1121 <li>the top line contains height information in m for <span style="font-style: italic;">j = ny</span> (North), the
     3366
     3367
     3368        <li>the top line contains height information in m for <span style="font-style: italic;">j = ny</span> (North), the
    11223369bottom line for <span style="font-style: italic;">j = 0</span>
    1123 (South),</li> <li>individual data must be separated by at
    1124 least one blank.</li> </ul>
    1125 Layout sketch:<br> <span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp;
     3370(South),</li>
     3371
     3372
     3373        <li>individual data must be separated by at
     3374least one blank.</li>
     3375
     3376
     3377     
     3378      </ul>
     3379
     3380
     3381Layout sketch:<br>
     3382
     3383
     3384      <span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp;
    11263385&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    11273386&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;N<br>
     3387
     3388
    11283389&nbsp; &nbsp; (0,ny) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(1,ny)
    11293390&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(2,ny) &nbsp;
    11303391...&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(nx,ny) &nbsp;
    11313392&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"></span></span></font><font color="#000000">&nbsp;top of file</font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"></span></span></font><br>
    1132 <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp; &nbsp;
     3393
     3394
     3395      <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp; &nbsp;
    11333396(0,ny-1)&nbsp;</span><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(1,ny-1)&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(2,ny-1)
    11343397...&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(nx,ny-1) &nbsp;<br>
    1135 </span></font></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;"></span></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">W &nbsp;
     3398
     3399
     3400      </span></font></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;"></span></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">W &nbsp;
    11363401(0,ny-2)&nbsp;</span><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(1,ny-2)&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(2,ny-2)
    11373402...&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(nx,ny-2) &nbsp; E<br>
    1138 </span></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp;
     3403
     3404
     3405      </span></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp;
    11393406&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    11403407&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;:<br>
     3408
     3409
    11413410&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    11423411&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    1143 &nbsp;:<br> </span></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp; &nbsp;
     3412&nbsp;:<br>
     3413
     3414
     3415      </span></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp;
     3416&nbsp;
    11443417(0,0) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(1,0)
    11453418&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(2,0)
    11463419&nbsp; &nbsp;...&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">(nx,0)
    11473420&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></font></font><font color="#000000">&nbsp;bottom of file</font><br>
    1148 <font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp; &nbsp;
     3421
     3422
     3423      <font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">&nbsp; &nbsp;
    11493424&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    11503425&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;S</span></font><br>
    1151 <span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br>
     3426
     3427
     3428      <span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br>
     3429
     3430
    11523431These data must exactly match the horizontal grid.<br>
     3432
     3433
    11533434Alternatively, the user may add code to the user interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_grid">user_init_grid</a>
    1154 to allow different data formats.</td> <td><br> </td>
    1155 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">101</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF</font></td>
    1156 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1157 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3435to allow different data formats.</td>
     3436
     3437
     3438      <td><br>
     3439
     3440
     3441      </td>
     3442
     3443
     3444    </tr>
     3445
     3446
     3447    <tr>
     3448
     3449
     3450      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">101</font></td>
     3451
     3452
     3453      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF<br>
     3454
     3455
     3456(DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     3457
     3458
     3459      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3460
     3461
     3462      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3463
     3464
    11583465NetCDF-<br>
    1159 format</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3466
     3467
     3468format</font></td>
     3469
     3470
     3471      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    11603472contains data of the two-dimensional horizontal
    11613473cross sections (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    11623474in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1163 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3475graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3476
     3477
     3478      <br>
     3479
     3480
    11643481More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></td>
    1165 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1166 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">102</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF</font></td>
    1167 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1168 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3482
     3483
     3484      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3485
     3486
     3487      </td>
     3488
     3489
     3490    </tr>
     3491
     3492
     3493    <tr>
     3494
     3495
     3496      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">102</font></td>
     3497
     3498
     3499      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF<br>
     3500
     3501
     3502(DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     3503
     3504
     3505      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3506
     3507
     3508      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3509
     3510
    11693511NetCDF-<br>
    1170 format</font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3512
     3513
     3514format</font></font></td>
     3515
     3516
     3517      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    11713518contains data of the two-dimensional vertical (xz)
    11723519cross sections (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    11733520in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1174 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3521graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3522
     3523
     3524      <br>
     3525
     3526
    11753527More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1176 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1177 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">103</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF</font></td>
    1178 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1179 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3528
     3529
     3530      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3531
     3532
     3533      </td>
     3534
     3535
     3536    </tr>
     3537
     3538
     3539    <tr>
     3540
     3541
     3542      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">103</font></td>
     3543
     3544
     3545      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF<br>
     3546
     3547
     3548(DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     3549
     3550
     3551      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3552
     3553
     3554      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3555
     3556
    11803557NetCDF-<br>
    1181 format</font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3558
     3559
     3560format</font></font></td>
     3561
     3562
     3563      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    11823564contains data of the two-dimensional vertical
    11833565(yz) cross sections (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    11843566in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1185 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3567graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3568
     3569
     3570      <br>
     3571
     3572
    11863573More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1187 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1188 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">104</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</font></td>
    1189 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1190 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3574
     3575
     3576      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3577
     3578
     3579      </td>
     3580
     3581
     3582    </tr>
     3583
     3584
     3585    <tr>
     3586
     3587
     3588      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">104</font></td>
     3589
     3590
     3591      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF<br>
     3592
     3593
     3594(DATA_1D_PR_NETCFD_O)</font></td>
     3595
     3596
     3597      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3598
     3599
     3600      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3601
     3602
    11913603NetCDF-<br>
    1192 format</font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3604
     3605
     3606format</font></font></td>
     3607
     3608
     3609      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    11933610contains data of the horizontally averaged vertical profiles (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
    11943611in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1195 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3612graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3613
     3614
     3615      <br>
     3616
     3617
    11963618More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1197 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1198 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">105</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</font></td>
    1199 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1200 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3619
     3620
     3621      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3622
     3623
     3624      </td>
     3625
     3626
     3627    </tr>
     3628
     3629
     3630    <tr>
     3631
     3632
     3633      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">105</font></td>
     3634
     3635
     3636      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF<br>
     3637
     3638
     3639(DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     3640
     3641
     3642      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3643
     3644
     3645      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3646
     3647
    12013648NetCDF-<br>
    1202 format</font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3649
     3650
     3651format</font></font></td>
     3652
     3653
     3654      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    12033655contains data of the timeseries (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots">dt_dots</a>)
    12043656in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1205 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3657graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3658
     3659
     3660      <br>
     3661
     3662
    12063663More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1207 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1208 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">106</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_3D_NETCDF"></a>DATA_3D_NETCDF</font></td>
    1209 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1210 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3664
     3665
     3666      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3667
     3668
     3669      </td>
     3670
     3671
     3672    </tr>
     3673
     3674
     3675    <tr>
     3676
     3677
     3678      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">106</font></td>
     3679
     3680
     3681      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_3D_NETCDF"></a>DATA_3D_NETCDF<br>
     3682
     3683
     3684(DATA_3D_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     3685
     3686
     3687      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3688
     3689
     3690      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3691
     3692
    12113693NetCDF-<br>
    1212 format</font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3694
     3695
     3696format</font></font></td>
     3697
     3698
     3699      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    12133700contains data of the 3d-volume data (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    12143701in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1215 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3702graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3703
     3704
     3705      <br>
     3706
     3707
    12163708More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1217 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1218 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">107</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</font></td>
    1219 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1220 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3709
     3710
     3711      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3712
     3713
     3714      </td>
     3715
     3716
     3717    </tr>
     3718
     3719
     3720    <tr>
     3721
     3722
     3723      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">107</font></td>
     3724
     3725
     3726      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF<br>
     3727
     3728
     3729(DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     3730
     3731
     3732      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3733
     3734
     3735      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3736
     3737
    12213738NetCDF-<br>
    1222 format</font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3739
     3740
     3741format</font></font></td>
     3742
     3743
     3744      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    12233745contains data of the horizontal spectra (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>)
    12243746in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1225 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3747graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3748
     3749
     3750      <br>
     3751
     3752
    12263753More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1227 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1228 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">108</font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_PRT_NETCDF"></a>DATA_PRT_NETCDF/</font></td>
    1229 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
    1230 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3754
     3755
     3756      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3757
     3758
     3759      </td>
     3760
     3761
     3762    </tr>
     3763
     3764
     3765    <tr>
     3766
     3767
     3768      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">108</font></td>
     3769
     3770
     3771      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_PRT_NETCDF"></a>DATA_PRT_NETCDF/<br>
     3772
     3773
     3774(DATA_PRT_NETCDF<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</font></td>
     3775
     3776
     3777      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
     3778
     3779
     3780      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3781
     3782
    12313783NetCDF-<br>
    1232 format</font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3784
     3785
     3786format</font></font></td>
     3787
     3788
     3789      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    12333790contains particle data (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>)
    12343791in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1235 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3792graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3793
     3794
     3795      <br>
     3796
     3797
    12363798More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1237 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr>
    1238 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">109</td>
    1239 <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</td>
    1240 <td align="left" valign="top">I/O</td> <td align="left" valign="top">Binary/<br>
     3799
     3800
     3801      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3802
     3803
     3804      </td>
     3805
     3806
     3807    </tr>
     3808
     3809
     3810    <tr>
     3811
     3812
     3813      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">109</td>
     3814
     3815
     3816      <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF<br>
     3817
     3818
     3819(DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF_O)</td>
     3820
     3821
     3822      <td align="left" valign="top">I/O</td>
     3823
     3824
     3825      <td align="left" valign="top">Binary/<br>
     3826
     3827
    12413828NetCDF-<br>
    1242 format</td> <td align="left" valign="top">This
     3829
     3830
     3831format</td>
     3832
     3833
     3834      <td align="left" valign="top">This
    12433835file contains data of the timeseries of particle quantities (<font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>)
    12443836in NetCDF format.&nbsp;</font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">The data
    12453837in this file can be visualized by any graphic software which provides a
    12463838NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL
    1247 </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).
     3839      </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;">
     3840ferret</span>).
    12483841For a list of available output quantities see </font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopts">dt_dopts</a>.</font></font></font></font></font><br>
    1249 <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br>
    1250 </font></font></font></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of
     3842
     3843
     3844      <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br>
     3845
     3846
     3847      </font></font></font></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of
    12513848using more than one particle group (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
    12523849seperate time series are output for each of the groups. The long names
    … …  
    12543851timeseries all end with the string</font><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: monospace;">' PG ##'</span><font face="Thorndale">, where ## is the number of the particle
    12553852group (<span style="font-style: italic;">01</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">02</span>, etc.). <br>
    1256 <br> </font></span><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">More detailed informations about the
     3853
     3854
     3855      <br>
     3856
     3857
     3858      </font></span><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">More detailed informations about the
    12573859PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp;
    125838604.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
    1259 <td align="left" valign="top"></td> </tr>
    1260 <tr> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">111</td>
    1261 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF</td>
    1262 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3861
     3862
     3863      <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
     3864
     3865
     3866    </tr>
     3867
     3868
     3869    <tr>
     3870
     3871
     3872      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">111</td>
     3873
     3874
     3875      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF<br>
     3876
     3877
     3878(DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF_O)</td>
     3879
     3880
     3881      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
     3882
     3883
     3884      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3885
     3886
    12633887NetCDF-<br>
    1264 format</font></font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3888
     3889
     3890format</font></font></font></td>
     3891
     3892
     3893      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
    12653894contains data of the temporally averaged two-dimensional horizontal
    12663895cross sections (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    12673896in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1268 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3897graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3898
     3899
     3900      <br>
     3901
     3902
    12693903More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
    1270 <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">112</td>
    1271 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF</td>
    1272 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3904
     3905
     3906      <td></td>
     3907
     3908
     3909    </tr>
     3910
     3911
     3912    <tr>
     3913
     3914
     3915      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">112</td>
     3916
     3917
     3918      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF<br>
     3919
     3920
     3921(DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF_O)</td>
     3922
     3923
     3924      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
     3925
     3926
     3927      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3928
     3929
    12733930NetCDF-<br>
    1274 format</font></font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file contains data of the temporally
     3931
     3932
     3933format</font></font></font></td>
     3934
     3935
     3936      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3937contains data of the temporally
    12753938averaged two-dimensional vertical (xz)
    12763939cross sections (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    12773940in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1278 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3941graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3942
     3943
     3944      <br>
     3945
     3946
    12793947More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
    1280 <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">113</td>
    1281 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF</font></td>
    1282 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3948
     3949
     3950      <td></td>
     3951
     3952
     3953    </tr>
     3954
     3955
     3956    <tr>
     3957
     3958
     3959      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">113</td>
     3960
     3961
     3962      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF<br>
     3963
     3964
     3965(DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     3966
     3967
     3968      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
     3969
     3970
     3971      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3972
     3973
    12833974NetCDF-<br>
    1284 format</font></font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file contains data of the temporally
     3975
     3976
     3977format</font></font></font></td>
     3978
     3979
     3980      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     3981contains data of the temporally
    12853982averaged two-dimensional vertical
    12863983(yz) cross sections (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    12873984in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1288 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     3985graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     3986
     3987
     3988      <br>
     3989
     3990
    12893991More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
    1290 <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">116</td>
    1291 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</font></td>
    1292 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     3992
     3993
     3994      <td></td>
     3995
     3996
     3997    </tr>
     3998
     3999
     4000    <tr>
     4001
     4002
     4003      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">116</td>
     4004
     4005
     4006      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF<br>
     4007
     4008
     4009(DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
     4010
     4011
     4012      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
     4013
     4014
     4015      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
     4016
     4017
    12934018NetCDF-<br>
    1294 format</font></font></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file contains data of the temporally
     4019
     4020
     4021format</font></font></font></td>
     4022
     4023
     4024      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
     4025contains data of the temporally
    12954026averaged 3d-volume data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    12964027in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
    1297 graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br> <br>
     4028graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
     4029
     4030
     4031      <br>
     4032
     4033
    12984034More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter&nbsp; 4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
    1299 <td></td> </tr> </tbody>
    1300 </table><font color="#000000"><br>
     4035
     4036
     4037      <td></td>
     4038
     4039
     4040    </tr>
     4041
     4042
     4043 
     4044  </tbody>
     4045</table>
     4046
     4047
     4048<font color="#000000"><br>
     4049
     4050
    13014051</font><br>
    1302 <font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_3.3.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_3.5.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font><br>&nbsp;
     4052
     4053
     4054<font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_3.3.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_3.5.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font><br>
     4055
     4056
     4057&nbsp;
    13034058<br>
     4059
     4060
    13044061&nbsp;
    13054062<span style="font-style: italic;">Last change:</span>
    13064063$Id$<br>
    1307 </font><br></body></html>
     4064
     4065
     4066</font><br>
     4067
     4068
     4069</body>
     4070</html>

  • palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_3.7.html

    r61 r108  
    11<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
    2 <html><head>
    3 <meta http-equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><title>PALM
    4 chapter 3.7</title> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="StarOffice 7 (Win32)"> <meta name="AUTHOR" content="Siegfried Raasch"> <meta name="CREATED" content="20040809;13460943"> <meta name="CHANGED" content="20041112;15085727"> <meta name="KEYWORDS" content="parallel LES model"> <style>
     2<html>
     3<head>
     4
     5  <meta http-equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
     6  <title>PALM chapter 3.7</title>
     7 
     8  <meta name="GENERATOR" content="StarOffice 7 (Win32)">
     9 
     10  <meta name="AUTHOR" content="Siegfried Raasch">
     11 
     12  <meta name="CREATED" content="20040809;13460943">
     13 
     14  <meta name="CHANGED" content="20041112;15085727">
     15 
     16  <meta name="KEYWORDS" content="parallel LES model">
     17 
     18  <style>
    519<!--
    620@page { size: 21cm 29.7cm }
    721-->
    8 </style></head>
     22  </style>
     23</head>
    924
    10 <body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US"><h3 style="line-height: 100%;">3.7 Optional software packages</h3>
     25<body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US">
     26<h3 style="line-height: 100%;">3.7 Optional software packages</h3>
     27
    1128<p style="line-height: 100%;">Starting from version 2.1
    1229PALM includes
    … …  
    1936compilation time as well as the memory demand of the model is limited
    2037to the real needs. </p>
     38
    2139<p style="line-height: 100%;">To use software packages in
    2240a model run,
    … …  
    3149the <b>mrun</b> call
    3250has to be: </p>
    33 <ul> <p style="line-height: 100%;"><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">mrun ... -p
     51
     52<ul>
     53 
     54  <p style="line-height: 100%;"><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">mrun ... -p
    3455&ldquo;package1 package2&rdquo; </font>.</tt></p>
    35 </ul><p style="line-height: 100%;">Starting from version 3.2, the particles-package is part of the default model, so it does not have to be switched on using <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">-p</span>. However, the respective parameters have still to be set by using the NAMELIST group <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">particles_par</span>.</p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Further package
     56
     57</ul>
     58<p style="line-height: 100%;">Starting from version 3.2, the particles-package is part of the default model, so it does not have to be switched on using <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">-p</span>. However, the respective parameters have still to be set by using the NAMELIST group <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">particles_par</span>.</p>
     59<p style="line-height: 100%;">Further package
    3660names can be added to
    3761the list, separated by blanks. If the respective packages permit user
    … …  
    4367group name is given in the table below. For the example above one
    4468would have to add the following lines to PARIN (example): &nbsp; </p>
    45 <ul> <p style="line-height: 100%;"><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">&amp;namelist_packagename1
     69
     70<ul>
     71 
     72  <p style="line-height: 100%;"><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">&amp;namelist_packagename1
    4673var1 = 1,0, var2 =
    4774&ldquo;abcd&rdquo; /</font></tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"> </font> </p>
    48 <p style="line-height: 100%;"><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">&amp;namelist_packagename2
     75
     76  <p style="line-height: 100%;"><tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">&amp;namelist_packagename2
    4977var3 = .TRUE.,
    5078var4 = 0 /</font></tt></p>
    51 </ul><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;">The
     79
     80</ul>
     81<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;">The
    5282following
    5383packages are available: <br>
     84
    5485&nbsp; <br>
     86
    5587&nbsp; </p>
    56 <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><b>Package
    57 name:</b></p> </td> <td> <p><b>NAMELIST
    58 group name:</b></p> </td> <td> <p><b>Functionality:</b></p>
    59 </td> <td> <p><b>Control parameter:</b></p>
    60 </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p>--- (see above)</p>
    61 </td> <td> <p>particles_par</p> </td> <td>
    62 <p>Release and advection of particles. The particle sources can
     88
     89<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
     90 <tbody>
     91 <tr>
     92 <td>
     93      <p><b>Package
     94name:</b></p>
     95 </td>
     96 <td>
     97      <p><b>NAMELIST
     98group name:</b></p>
     99 </td>
     100 <td>
     101      <p><b>Functionality:</b></p>
     102
     103      </td>
     104 <td>
     105      <p><b>Control parameter:</b></p>
     106
     107      </td>
     108 </tr>
     109 <tr valign="top">
     110 <td>
     111      <p>--- (see above)</p>
     112
     113      </td>
     114 <td>
     115      <p>particles_par</p>
     116 </td>
     117 <td>
     118      <p>Release and advection of particles. The particle sources can
    63119additionally be defined by the user in subroutine <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">user_init_particles</font></tt>
    64 .</p> </td> <td> <p>see section 4.2</p>
    65 </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p>dvrp_graphics</p>
    66 </td> <td> <p>dvrp_graphics_par</p> </td>
    67 <td> <p>Graphical output with the dvrp software of the
     120.</p>
     121 </td>
     122 <td>
     123      <p>see section 4.2</p>
     124
     125      </td>
     126 </tr>
     127 <tr valign="top">
     128 <td>
     129      <p>dvrp_graphics</p>
     130
     131      </td>
     132 <td>
     133      <p>dvrp_graphics_par</p>
     134 </td>
     135
     136      <td>
     137      <p>Graphical output with the dvrp software of the
    68138RRZN. This is
    69139only available on the IBM Regatta "hanni" of the HLRN. Possible output
    70140are iso-surfaces, cross-sections and particles (if the particle package
    71 is selected). The use of this package is described in section <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">4.5.7</a>.</p> </td>
    72 <td> <p>see section 4.2</p> </td> </tr>
    73 <tr valign="top"> <td> <p>spectra</p> </td>
    74 <td> <p>spectra_par</p> </td> <td> <p>Computation
     141is selected). The use of this package is described in section <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">4.5.7</a>.</p>
     142 </td>
     143
     144      <td>
     145      <p>see section 4.2</p>
     146 </td>
     147 </tr>
     148
     149    <tr valign="top">
     150 <td>
     151      <p>spectra</p>
     152 </td>
     153
     154      <td>
     155      <p>spectra_par</p>
     156 </td>
     157 <td>
     158      <p>Computation
    75159and output of horizontal power spectra of the
    76 prognostic variables. </p> </td> <td> <p>see
     160prognostic variables. </p>
     161 </td>
     162 <td>
     163      <p>see
    77164section <a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_package">4.2</a></p>
    78 </td> </tr> </tbody>
    79 </table><hr>
    80 <p style="line-height: 100%;"><br><font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_3.6.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.0.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font></p>
     165
     166      </td>
     167 </tr>
     168 
     169  </tbody>
     170</table>
     171<hr>
     172<p style="line-height: 100%;"><br>
     173<font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_3.6.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_3.8.html"><font color="#000080"><img style="border: 2px solid ; width: 32px; height: 32px;" alt="" src="right.gif" name="Grafik3"></font></a></font></font></p>
     174
    81175<p style="line-height: 100%;"><i>Last
    82176change:&nbsp;</i> $Id$</p>
    83 </body></html>
     177
     178</body>
     179</html>

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    11<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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    8 <body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US"><h2 style="line-height: 100%;"><font size="4">4.0
     37  </style>
     38</head>
     39
     40
     41<body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US">
     42
     43<h2 style="line-height: 100%;"><font size="4">4.0
    944Steering parameters</font></h2>
     45
     46
    1047<p style="line-height: 100%;">Before carrying out a model
    1148run, the user
    … …  
    1754should be, at which times and points plot output are supposed to be
    1855made, etc. <br>
    19 </p><p style="line-height: 100%;">These data are
     56
     57
     58</p>
     59
     60<p style="line-height: 100%;">These data are
    2061assigned with the help of
    2162so-called&nbsp;&ldquo;NAMELIST-driven input&rdquo; (FORTRAN -
    … …  
    3172example shows the format of the file
    3273PARIN: <br>
    33 &nbsp; </p>
    34 <ul> <p style="line-height: 100%; font-family: monospace;">&amp;inipar
     74
     75
     76&nbsp; </p>
     77
     78
     79<ul>
     80
     81 
     82 
     83  <p style="line-height: 100%; font-family: monospace;">&amp;inipar
    3584nx
    3685= 79, ny = 79, nz = 40, <br>
     86
     87
    3788&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    3889dx = 50.0, dy = 50.0, dz =
    399050.0, <br>
     91
     92
    4093&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    4194initializing_actions =
    4295"set_1d-model_profiles", <br>
     96
     97
    4398&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    44 prandtl_layer = .TRUE.,/ </p> <p style="line-height: 100%; font-family: monospace;">&amp;d3par&nbsp;
    45 end_time = 9000.0, section_xy = 1, 10, 20,/ </p> <p style="line-height: 100%; font-family: monospace;">&amp;packagename
    46 var1 = .TRUE. / </p> <p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-family: monospace;">&amp;userpar
     99prandtl_layer = .TRUE.,/ </p>
     100
     101 
     102 
     103  <p style="line-height: 100%; font-family: monospace;">&amp;d3par&nbsp;
     104end_time = 9000.0, section_xy = 1, 10, 20,/ </p>
     105
     106 
     107 
     108  <p style="line-height: 100%; font-family: monospace;">&amp;packagename
     109var1 = .TRUE. / </p>
     110
     111 
     112 
     113  <p style="line-height: 100%;"><span style="font-family: monospace;">&amp;userpar
    47114abcd = 1234,0,/ </span><br>
     115
     116
    48117&nbsp; <br>
     118
     119
    49120&nbsp;</p>
    50 </ul><p style="line-height: 100%;">The parameters
     121
     122
     123</ul>
     124
     125<p style="line-height: 100%;">The parameters
    51126are separated into four
    52127different groups which all start with the so-called NAMELIST group
    … …  
    65140concerning the NAMELIST syntax, refer to
    66141appropriate FORTRAN manuals. <br>
    67 </p><p style="line-height: 100%;">Parameters
     142
     143
     144</p>
     145
     146<p style="line-height: 100%;">Parameters
    68147belonging to the group <span style="font-family: monospace;">inipar</span>
    69148are first read by PALM.
    … …  
    84163(see chapter <a href="chapter_3.7.html">3.7</a>),
    85164further NAMELIST groups may be inserted before the group <span style="font-family: monospace;">userpar</span>.
    86 </p><p style="line-height: 100%;"><b>The
     165</p>
     166
     167<p style="line-height: 100%;"><b>The
    87168initialization, run</b> and
    88169<b>package parameters</b> differ as follows: </p>
    89 <ul> <li> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;">The <b>initialization
     170
     171
     172<ul>
     173
     174 <li>
     175   
     176    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;">The <b>initialization
    90177parameters </b>are steering the basic settings of the model run.
    91178They
    … …  
    101188value<span style="font-family: thorndale,serif,mon;"> </span><span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">read_restart_data</span><span style="font-family: thorndale,serif,mon;"> for </span>restart
    102189runs). <br>
    103 &nbsp; </p> </li> <li> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;">The <b>run
     190
     191
     192&nbsp; </p>
     193
     194 </li>
     195
     196 <li>
     197   
     198    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;">The <b>run
    104199parameters</b> are generally steering actions to be carried out
    105200during
    … …  
    111206usually keep their values, provided that the NAMELIST input file was
    112207not changed by the user in the meantime). <br>
    113 &nbsp; </p> </li> <li> <p style="line-height: 100%;"><b>Package parameters</b>
     208
     209
     210&nbsp; </p>
     211
     212 </li>
     213
     214 <li>
     215   
     216    <p style="line-height: 100%;"><b>Package parameters</b>
    114217behave like <b>run parameters</b>. Package parameters
    115218determine the behavior of
    116 the additional (not user-defined) software packages . </p> </li>
    117 </ul><p style="line-height: 100%;">The user-defined
     219the additional (not user-defined) software packages . </p>
     220
     221 </li>
     222
     223
     224</ul>
     225
     226<p style="line-height: 100%;">The user-defined
    118227parameters are assigned
    119228by the user within the NAMELIST group name <tt>&amp;userpar</tt>
    … …  
    137246(described in <a href="chapter_3.2.html">chapter
    1382473.2</a>) for the execution of a model test run. </p>
     248
     249
    139250<p style="line-height: 100%;">PALM assigns default
    140251values to nearly all parameters. They become effective
    … …  
    142253default values as well as the parameter name, type and its
    143254explanation are described in the lists of the following subsections. <br>
    144 &nbsp; </p>
    145 <hr><p style="line-height: 100%;"><br>
    146 <font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_3.6.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.1.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font><br>&nbsp;
     255
     256
     257&nbsp; </p>
     258
     259
     260<hr>
     261<p style="line-height: 100%;"><br>
     262
     263
     264<font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_3.8.html"><font color="#000080"><img style="border: 2px solid ; width: 32px; height: 32px;" alt="" src="left.gif" name="Grafik1"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.1.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font><br>
     265
     266&nbsp;
    147267<br>
     268
     269
    148270&nbsp;<span style="font-style: italic;">Last change:</span>
    149271$Id$<br>
    150 </p></body></html>
     272
     273
     274</p>
     275
     276</body>
     277</html>

  • palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_4.1.html

    r103 r108  
    11<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    2 <html><head>
    3 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>PALM chapter 4.1</title></head>
    4 <body><h3><a name="chapter4.1"></a>4.1
     2<html>
     3<head>
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     17 
     18  <title>PALM chapter 4.1</title>
     19</head>
     20
     21
     22<body>
     23
     24
     25
     26<h3><a name="chapter4.1"></a>4.1
    527Initialization parameters</h3>
    6 <br><table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody>
    7 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter name</b></font></td>
    8 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
    9 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> </td>
    10 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
    11 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    12 <p><a name="adjust_mixing_length"></a><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></p>
    13 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    14 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Near-surface adjustment of the
    15 mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law.&nbsp; </p> <p>Usually
     28
     29
     30
     31
     32<br>
     33
     34
     35
     36<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     37
     38
     39
     40 <tbody>
     41
     42
     43
     44
     45    <tr>
     46
     47
     48
     49 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter name</b></font></td>
     50
     51
     52
     53
     54      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
     55
     56
     57
     58
     59      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     60     
     61     
     62     
     63      <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
     64
     65
     66
     67 <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
     68
     69
     70
     71 </td>
     72
     73
     74
     75
     76      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
     77
     78
     79
     80
     81    </tr>
     82
     83
     84
     85 <tr>
     86
     87
     88
     89 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     90     
     91     
     92     
     93      <p><a name="adjust_mixing_length"></a><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></p>
     94
     95
     96
     97
     98      </td>
     99
     100
     101
     102 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     103
     104
     105
     106
     107      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     108
     109
     110
     111 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     112     
     113     
     114     
     115      <p style="font-style: normal;">Near-surface adjustment of the
     116mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law.&nbsp; </p>
     117
     118
     119
     120 
     121     
     122     
     123     
     124      <p>Usually
    16125the mixing length in LES models l<sub>LES</sub>
    17126depends (as in PALM) on the grid size and is possibly restricted
    … …  
    25134mixing length at
    26135the bottom boundary and considers the fact that eddy sizes
    27 decrease in the vicinity of the wall.&nbsp; </p> <p style="font-style: normal;"><b>Warning:</b> So
     136decrease in the vicinity of the wall.&nbsp; </p>
     137
     138
     139
     140 
     141     
     142     
     143     
     144      <p style="font-style: normal;"><b>Warning:</b> So
    28145far, there is
    29146no good experience with <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> !&nbsp; </p>
    30 <p>With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and the
     147
     148
     149
     150
     151     
     152     
     153     
     154      <p>With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and the
    31155Prandtl-layer being
    32156switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>)
    33 <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)** 2+neumann'</span>
     157      <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)** 2+neumann'</span>
    34158should always be set as the lower boundary condition for the TKE (see <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a>),
    35159otherwise the near-surface value of the TKE is not in agreement with
    … …  
    37161should provide the same value for K<sub>m</sub>). A warning
    38162is given,
    39 if this is not the case.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    40 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="alpha_surface"></a><b>alpha_surface</b></p>
    41 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    42 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> </td>
    43 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Inclination of the model domain
    44 with respect to the horizontal (in degrees).&nbsp; </p> <p style="font-style: normal;">By means of <b>alpha_surface</b>
     163if this is not the case.</p>
     164
     165
     166
     167 </td>
     168
     169
     170
     171 </tr>
     172
     173
     174
     175 <tr>
     176
     177
     178
     179
     180      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     181     
     182     
     183     
     184      <p><a name="alpha_surface"></a><b>alpha_surface</b></p>
     185
     186
     187
     188
     189      </td>
     190
     191
     192
     193 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     194
     195
     196
     197 </td>
     198
     199
     200
     201
     202      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     203
     204
     205
     206 </td>
     207
     208
     209
     210
     211      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     212     
     213     
     214     
     215      <p style="font-style: normal;">Inclination of the model domain
     216with respect to the horizontal (in degrees).&nbsp; </p>
     217
     218
     219
     220 
     221     
     222     
     223     
     224      <p style="font-style: normal;">By means of <b>alpha_surface</b>
    45225the model domain can be inclined in x-direction with respect to the
    46226horizontal. In this way flows over inclined surfaces (e.g. drainage
    47227flows, gravity flows) can be simulated. In case of <b>alpha_surface
    48 </b>/= <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span>
     228      </b>/= <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span>
    49229the buoyancy term
    50230appears both in
    51231the equation of motion of the u-component and of the w-component.<br>
    52 </p> <p style="font-style: normal;">An inclination
     232
     233
     234
     235
     236      </p>
     237
     238
     239
     240 
     241     
     242     
     243     
     244      <p style="font-style: normal;">An inclination
    53245is only possible in
    54246case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions along x AND y (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    55247and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) and <a href="#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span>. </p>
    56 <p>Runs with inclined surface still require additional
     248
     249
     250
     251
     252     
     253     
     254     
     255      <p>Runs with inclined surface still require additional
    57256user-defined code as well as modifications to the default code. Please
    58257ask the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PALM_group.html#0">PALM
    59 developer&nbsp; group</a>.</p> </td> </tr>
    60 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_e_b"></a><b>bc_e_b</b></p> </td>
    61 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
    62 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
    63 TKE.&nbsp; </p> <p><b>bc_e_b</b> may be
     258developer&nbsp; group</a>.</p>
     259
     260
     261
     262 </td>
     263
     264
     265
     266 </tr>
     267
     268
     269
     270
     271    <tr>
     272
     273
     274
     275 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     276     
     277     
     278     
     279      <p><a name="bc_e_b"></a><b>bc_e_b</b></p>
     280
     281
     282
     283 </td>
     284
     285
     286
     287
     288      <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     289
     290
     291
     292 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
     293
     294
     295
     296
     297      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     298     
     299     
     300     
     301      <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
     302TKE.&nbsp; </p>
     303
     304
     305
     306 
     307     
     308     
     309     
     310      <p><b>bc_e_b</b> may be
    64311set to&nbsp;<span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    65312or <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*) ** 2+neumann'</span>.
    66 <b>bc_e_b</b>
     313      <b>bc_e_b</b>
    67314= <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    68315yields to
    … …  
    76323is reset
    77324to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>.&nbsp;
    78 </p> <p style="font-style: normal;">At the top
     325      </p>
     326
     327
     328
     329 
     330     
     331     
     332     
     333      <p style="font-style: normal;">At the top
    79334boundary a Neumann
    80 boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)).</p> </td>
    81 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    82 <p><a name="bc_lr"></a><b>bc_lr</b></p>
    83 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    84 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td>
    85 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary
    86 condition along x (for all quantities).<br> <br>
    87 By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along x.<br> <br>
    88 <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_lr</span> may
     335boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)).</p>
     336
     337
     338
     339 </td>
     340
     341
     342
     343
     344    </tr>
     345
     346
     347
     348 <tr>
     349
     350
     351
     352 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     353     
     354     
     355     
     356      <p><a name="bc_lr"></a><b>bc_lr</b></p>
     357
     358
     359
     360
     361      </td>
     362
     363
     364
     365 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     366
     367
     368
     369
     370      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td>
     371
     372
     373
     374
     375      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary
     376condition along x (for all quantities).<br>
     377
     378
     379
     380 <br>
     381
     382
     383
     384
     385By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along x.<br>
     386
     387
     388
     389 <br>
     390
     391
     392
     393
     394      <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_lr</span> may
    89395also be
    90396assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span>
    … …  
    93399right, outflow to the left). This requires the multi-grid method to be
    94400used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>)
    95 and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along y (see&nbsp;<a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> <br>
     401and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along y (see&nbsp;<a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br>
     402
     403
     404
     405 <br>
     406
     407
     408
     409
    96410In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition
    97411is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles -
    … …  
    101415gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation
    102416pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the
    103 inflow and at the outflow.<br> <br>
     417inflow and at the outflow.<br>
     418
     419
     420
     421 <br>
     422
     423
     424
     425
    104426When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a filter is applied to the
    105427velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any
    106428reflections of outgoing disturbances (see <a href="#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a>
    107429and <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a>).<br>
    108 <br>
     430
     431
     432
     433
     434      <br>
     435
     436
     437
     438
    109439In order to maintain a turbulent state of the flow, it may be
    110440neccessary to continuously impose perturbations on the horizontal
    … …  
    115445and <a href="#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>.
    116446The vertical range and the perturbation amplitude are given by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_b</a>,
    117 <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_t</a>,
     447      <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_t</a>,
    118448and <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_amplitude</a>.
    119449The time interval at which perturbations are to be imposed is set by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>.<br>
    120 <br>
     450
     451
     452
     453
     454      <br>
     455
     456
     457
     458
    121459In case of non-cyclic horizontal boundaries <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver
    122 at_all_substeps</a> = .T. should be used.<br> <br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     460at_all_substeps</a> = .T. should be used.<br>
     461
     462
     463
     464 <br>
     465
     466
     467
     468 <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     469
     470
     471
     472
    123473Using non-cyclic lateral boundaries requires very sensitive adjustments
    124474of the inflow (vertical profiles) and the bottom boundary conditions,
    125475e.g. a surface heating should not be applied near the inflow boundary
    126476because this may significantly disturb the inflow. Please check the
    127 model results very carefully.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_ns"></a><b>bc_ns</b></p>
    128 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    129 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td>
    130 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary
    131 condition along y (for all quantities).<br> <br>
    132 By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along y.<br> <br>
    133 <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_ns</span> may
     477model results very carefully.</td>
     478
     479
     480
     481 </tr>
     482
     483
     484
     485 <tr>
     486
     487
     488
     489 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     490     
     491     
     492     
     493      <p><a name="bc_ns"></a><b>bc_ns</b></p>
     494
     495
     496
     497
     498      </td>
     499
     500
     501
     502 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     503
     504
     505
     506
     507      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td>
     508
     509
     510
     511
     512      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary
     513condition along y (for all quantities).<br>
     514
     515
     516
     517 <br>
     518
     519
     520
     521
     522By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along y.<br>
     523
     524
     525
     526 <br>
     527
     528
     529
     530
     531      <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_ns</span> may
    134532also be
    135533assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span>
    … …  
    139537method to be used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation
    140538pressure (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>)
    141 and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along x (see<br> <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).<br> <br>
     539and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along x (see<br>
     540
     541
     542
     543 <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).<br>
     544
     545
     546
     547 <br>
     548
     549
     550
     551
    142552In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition
    143553is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles -
    … …  
    147557gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation
    148558pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the
    149 inflow and at the outflow.<br> <br>
     559inflow and at the outflow.<br>
     560
     561
     562
     563 <br>
     564
     565
     566
     567
    150568For further details regarding non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions
    151 see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>.</td> </tr>
    152 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_p_b"></a><b>bc_p_b</b></p> </td>
    153 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
    154 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
    155 perturbation pressure.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed values
     569see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>.</td>
     570
     571
     572
     573 </tr>
     574
     575
     576
     577
     578    <tr>
     579
     580
     581
     582 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     583     
     584     
     585     
     586      <p><a name="bc_p_b"></a><b>bc_p_b</b></p>
     587
     588
     589
     590 </td>
     591
     592
     593
     594
     595      <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     596
     597
     598
     599 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
     600
     601
     602
     603
     604      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     605     
     606     
     607     
     608      <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
     609perturbation pressure.&nbsp; </p>
     610
     611
     612
     613 
     614     
     615     
     616     
     617      <p>Allowed values
    156618are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>,
    157 <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
     619      <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    158620and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>.&nbsp;
    159 <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
     621      <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    160622sets
    161623p(k=0)=0.0,&nbsp; <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    … …  
    1686301209)). This condition is only permitted with the Prandtl-layer
    169631switched on (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>),
    170 otherwise the run is terminated.&nbsp; </p> <p>Since
     632otherwise the run is terminated.&nbsp; </p>
     633
     634
     635
     636 
     637     
     638     
     639     
     640      <p>Since
    171641at the bottom boundary of the model the vertical
    172642velocity
    … …  
    177647conditions both at the bottom and at the top boundary (<a href="#bc_p_t">bc_p_t</a>)
    178648usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and
    179 should be avoided.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_p_t"></a><b>bc_p_t</b></p>
    180 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    181 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
    182 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
    183 perturbation pressure.&nbsp; </p> <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
     649should be avoided.</p>
     650
     651
     652
     653 </td>
     654
     655
     656
     657 </tr>
     658
     659
     660
     661 <tr>
     662
     663
     664
     665 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     666     
     667     
     668     
     669      <p><a name="bc_p_t"></a><b>bc_p_t</b></p>
     670
     671
     672
     673
     674      </td>
     675
     676
     677
     678 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     679
     680
     681
     682
     683      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
     684
     685
     686
     687
     688      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     689     
     690     
     691     
     692      <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
     693perturbation pressure.&nbsp; </p>
     694
     695
     696
     697 
     698     
     699     
     700     
     701      <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    184702(p(k=nz+1)= 0.0) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    185 (p(k=nz+1)=p(k=nz)).&nbsp; </p> <p>Simultaneous use
     703(p(k=nz+1)=p(k=nz)).&nbsp; </p>
     704
     705
     706
     707 
     708     
     709     
     710     
     711      <p>Simultaneous use
    186712of Neumann boundary conditions both at the
    187713top and bottom boundary (<a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>)
    … …  
    189715should be avoided. Since at the bottom boundary the Neumann
    190716condition&nbsp; is a good choice (see <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>),
    191 a Dirichlet condition should be set at the top boundary.</p> </td>
    192 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    193 <p><a name="bc_pt_b"></a><b>bc_pt_b</b></p>
    194 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20</td>
    195 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
    196 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
    197 potential temperature.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed values
     717a Dirichlet condition should be set at the top boundary.</p>
     718
     719
     720
     721 </td>
     722
     723
     724
     725
     726    </tr>
     727
     728
     729
     730 <tr>
     731
     732
     733
     734 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     735     
     736     
     737     
     738      <p><a name="bc_pt_b"></a><b>bc_pt_b</b></p>
     739
     740
     741
     742
     743      </td>
     744
     745
     746
     747 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20</td>
     748
     749
     750
     751
     752      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
     753
     754
     755
     756
     757      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     758     
     759     
     760     
     761      <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
     762potential temperature.&nbsp; </p>
     763
     764
     765
     766 
     767     
     768     
     769     
     770      <p>Allowed values
    198771are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    199772(pt(k=0) = const. = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>
    … …  
    202775and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    203776(pt(k=0)=pt(k=1)).&nbsp; <br>
     777
     778
     779
     780
    204781When a constant surface sensible heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), <b>bc_pt_b</b>
    205782= <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    206783must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    207784the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p>
    208 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pc_pt_t"></a><b>bc_pt_t</b></p>
    209 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    210 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_ gradient'</span></td>
    211 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
    212 potential temperature.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed are the
     785
     786
     787
     788     
     789     
     790     
     791      <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere executable,&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a> is internally set and does not need to be prescribed.</p>
     792
     793
     794
     795
     796      </td>
     797
     798
     799
     800 </tr>
     801
     802
     803
     804 <tr>
     805
     806
     807
     808 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     809     
     810     
     811     
     812      <p><a name="pc_pt_t"></a><b>bc_pt_t</b></p>
     813
     814
     815
     816
     817      </td>
     818
     819
     820
     821 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     822
     823
     824
     825
     826      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_ gradient'</span></td>
     827
     828
     829
     830
     831      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     832     
     833     
     834     
     835      <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
     836potential temperature.&nbsp; </p>
     837
     838
     839
     840 
     841     
     842     
     843     
     844      <p>Allowed are the
    213845values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(pt(k=nz+1)
    214846does not change during the run), <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    … …  
    218850calculated from the initial
    219851temperature profile (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>,
    220 <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>)
     852      <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>)
    221853by bc_pt_t_val = (pt_init(k=nz+1) -
    222854pt_init(k=nz)) / dzu(nz+1).<br>
     855
     856
     857
     858
    223859Using this value (assumed constant during the
    224860run) the temperature boundary values are calculated as&nbsp; </p>
    225 <ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">pt(k=nz+1) =
     861
     862
     863
     864
     865     
     866     
     867     
     868      <ul>
     869
     870
     871
     872 
     873       
     874       
     875       
     876        <p style="font-style: normal;">pt(k=nz+1) =
    226877pt(k=nz) +
    227 bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> </ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic
     878bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p>
     879
     880
     881
     882 
     883     
     884     
     885     
     886      </ul>
     887
     888
     889
     890 
     891     
     892     
     893     
     894      <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic
    228895equation for the temperature is solved).<br>
     896
     897
     898
     899
    229900When a constant sensible heat flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>),
    230 <b>bc_pt_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
     901      <b>bc_pt_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    231902must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    232 the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> </td>
    233 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    234 <p><a name="bc_q_b"></a><b>bc_q_b</b></p>
    235 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    236 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
    237 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
    238 specific humidity / total water content.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed
     903the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p>
     904
     905
     906
     907 </td>
     908
     909
     910
     911
     912    </tr>
     913
     914
     915
     916 <tr>
     917
     918
     919
     920 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     921     
     922     
     923     
     924      <p><a name="bc_q_b"></a><b>bc_q_b</b></p>
     925
     926
     927
     928
     929      </td>
     930
     931
     932
     933 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     934
     935
     936
     937
     938      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
     939
     940
     941
     942
     943      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     944     
     945     
     946     
     947      <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
     948specific humidity / total water content.&nbsp; </p>
     949
     950
     951
     952 
     953     
     954     
     955     
     956      <p>Allowed
    239957values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    240958(q(k=0) = const. = <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>
    … …  
    243961and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    244962(q(k=0)=q(k=1)).&nbsp; <br>
     963
     964
     965
     966
    245967When a constant surface latent heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>), <b>bc_q_b</b>
    246968= <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    247969must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    248970the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p>
    249 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_q_t"></a><b>bc_q_t</b></p>
    250 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">C
    251 * 20</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
    252 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
    253 specific humidity / total water content.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed
     971
     972
     973
     974
     975      </td>
     976
     977
     978
     979 </tr>
     980
     981
     982
     983 <tr>
     984
     985
     986
     987 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     988     
     989     
     990     
     991      <p><a name="bc_q_t"></a><b>bc_q_t</b></p>
     992
     993
     994
     995
     996      </td>
     997
     998
     999
     1000 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">C
     1001* 20</span></td>
     1002
     1003
     1004
     1005 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
     1006
     1007
     1008
     1009
     1010      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1011     
     1012     
     1013     
     1014      <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
     1015specific humidity / total water content.&nbsp; </p>
     1016
     1017
     1018
     1019 
     1020     
     1021     
     1022     
     1023      <p>Allowed
    2541024are the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    2551025(q(k=nz) and q(k=nz+1) do
    … …  
    2591029from the
    2601030initial humidity profile (see <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>,
    261 <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>)
     1031      <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>)
    2621032by: bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(k=nz) - q_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br>
     1033
     1034
     1035
     1036
    2631037Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the humidity
    2641038boundary values
    265 are calculated as&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">q(k=nz+1) =q(k=nz) +
    266 bc_q_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> </ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">(up tp k=nz the prognostic
    267 equation for q is solved). </p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    268 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_s_b"></a><b>bc_s_b</b></p> </td>
    269 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
    270 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
    271 scalar concentration.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed values
     1039are calculated as&nbsp; </p>
     1040
     1041
     1042
     1043 
     1044     
     1045     
     1046     
     1047      <ul>
     1048
     1049
     1050
     1051 
     1052       
     1053       
     1054       
     1055        <p style="font-style: normal;">q(k=nz+1) =q(k=nz) +
     1056bc_q_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p>
     1057
     1058
     1059
     1060 
     1061     
     1062     
     1063     
     1064      </ul>
     1065
     1066
     1067
     1068 
     1069     
     1070     
     1071     
     1072      <p style="font-style: normal;">(up tp k=nz the prognostic
     1073equation for q is solved). </p>
     1074
     1075
     1076
     1077 </td>
     1078
     1079
     1080
     1081 </tr>
     1082
     1083
     1084
     1085 <tr>
     1086
     1087
     1088
     1089
     1090      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1091     
     1092     
     1093     
     1094      <p><a name="bc_s_b"></a><b>bc_s_b</b></p>
     1095
     1096
     1097
     1098 </td>
     1099
     1100
     1101
     1102
     1103      <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     1104
     1105
     1106
     1107 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
     1108
     1109
     1110
     1111
     1112      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1113     
     1114     
     1115     
     1116      <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
     1117scalar concentration.&nbsp; </p>
     1118
     1119
     1120
     1121 
     1122     
     1123     
     1124     
     1125      <p>Allowed values
    2721126are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    2731127(s(k=0) = const. = <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>
    … …  
    2771131(s(k=0) =
    2781132s(k=1)).&nbsp; <br>
     1133
     1134
     1135
     1136
    2791137When a constant surface concentration flux is used (<a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>), <b>bc_s_b</b>
    2801138= <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    2811139must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    2821140the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p>
    283 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_s_t"></a><b>bc_s_t</b></p>
    284 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    285 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
    286 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
    287 scalar concentration.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed are the
     1141
     1142
     1143
     1144
     1145      </td>
     1146
     1147
     1148
     1149 </tr>
     1150
     1151
     1152
     1153 <tr>
     1154
     1155
     1156
     1157 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1158     
     1159     
     1160     
     1161      <p><a name="bc_s_t"></a><b>bc_s_t</b></p>
     1162
     1163
     1164
     1165
     1166      </td>
     1167
     1168
     1169
     1170 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     1171
     1172
     1173
     1174
     1175      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
     1176
     1177
     1178
     1179
     1180      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1181     
     1182     
     1183     
     1184      <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
     1185scalar concentration.&nbsp; </p>
     1186
     1187
     1188
     1189 
     1190     
     1191     
     1192     
     1193      <p>Allowed are the
    2881194values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    2891195(s(k=nz) and s(k=nz+1) do
    … …  
    2941200from the initial scalar concentration profile (see <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>)
    2951201by: bc_s_t_val = (s_init(k=nz) - s_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br>
     1202
     1203
     1204
     1205
    2961206Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the concentration
    2971207boundary values
    298 are calculated as </p> <ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">s(k=nz+1) = s(k=nz) +
    299 bc_s_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> </ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic
     1208are calculated as </p>
     1209
     1210
     1211
     1212 
     1213     
     1214     
     1215     
     1216      <ul>
     1217
     1218
     1219
     1220 
     1221       
     1222       
     1223       
     1224        <p style="font-style: normal;">s(k=nz+1) = s(k=nz) +
     1225bc_s_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p>
     1226
     1227
     1228
     1229 
     1230     
     1231     
     1232     
     1233      </ul>
     1234
     1235
     1236
     1237 
     1238     
     1239     
     1240     
     1241      <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic
    3001242equation for the scalar concentration is
    301 solved).</p> </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bc_sa_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the salinity.&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>).</p><p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed are the
     1243solved).</p>
     1244
     1245
     1246
     1247 </td>
     1248
     1249
     1250
     1251 </tr>
     1252
     1253
     1254
     1255 <tr>
     1256
     1257
     1258
     1259      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bc_sa_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></td>
     1260
     1261
     1262
     1263      <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     1264
     1265
     1266
     1267      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
     1268
     1269
     1270
     1271      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1272     
     1273     
     1274     
     1275      <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the salinity.&nbsp; </p>
     1276
     1277
     1278
     1279 
     1280     
     1281     
     1282     
     1283      <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>).</p>
     1284
     1285
     1286
     1287     
     1288     
     1289     
     1290      <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed are the
    3021291values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(sa(k=nz+1)
    3031292does not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    304 (sa(k=nz+1)=sa(k=nz))<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>.&nbsp;<br><br>
     1293(sa(k=nz+1)=sa(k=nz))<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>.&nbsp;<br>
     1294
     1295
     1296
     1297      <br>
     1298
     1299
     1300
     1301
    3051302When a constant salinity flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>),
    306 <b>bc_sa_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
     1303      <b>bc_sa_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>
    3071304must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    308 the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p></td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_uv_b"></a><b>bc_uv_b</b></p>
    309 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    310 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
    311 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
    312 horizontal velocity components u and v.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed
     1305the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p>
     1306
     1307
     1308
     1309      </td>
     1310
     1311
     1312
     1313    </tr>
     1314
     1315
     1316
     1317    <tr>
     1318
     1319
     1320
     1321 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1322     
     1323     
     1324     
     1325      <p><a name="bc_uv_b"></a><b>bc_uv_b</b></p>
     1326
     1327
     1328
     1329
     1330      </td>
     1331
     1332
     1333
     1334 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     1335
     1336
     1337
     1338
     1339      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
     1340
     1341
     1342
     1343
     1344      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1345     
     1346     
     1347     
     1348      <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the
     1349horizontal velocity components u and v.&nbsp; </p>
     1350
     1351
     1352
     1353 
     1354     
     1355     
     1356     
     1357      <p>Allowed
    3131358values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>and
    314 <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. <b>bc_uv_b</b>
     1359      <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. <b>bc_uv_b</b>
    3151360= <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    3161361yields the
    … …  
    3191364(below the bottom), while u(k=1) and v(k=1) are located at z = +0,5 *
    3201365dz. u=v=0 at the bottom is guaranteed using mirror boundary
    321 condition:&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">u(k=0) = - u(k=1) and v(k=0) = -
    322 v(k=1)</p> </ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">The
     1366condition:&nbsp; </p>
     1367
     1368
     1369
     1370 
     1371     
     1372     
     1373     
     1374      <ul>
     1375
     1376
     1377
     1378 
     1379       
     1380       
     1381       
     1382        <p style="font-style: normal;">u(k=0) = - u(k=1) and v(k=0) = -
     1383v(k=1)</p>
     1384
     1385
     1386
     1387 
     1388     
     1389     
     1390     
     1391      </ul>
     1392
     1393
     1394
     1395 
     1396     
     1397     
     1398     
     1399      <p style="font-style: normal;">The
    3231400Neumann boundary condition
    3241401yields the free-slip condition with u(k=0) = u(k=1) and v(k=0) =
    … …  
    3261403With Prandtl - layer switched on, the free-slip condition is not
    3271404allowed (otherwise the run will be terminated)<font color="#000000">.</font></p>
    328 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_uv_t"></a><b>bc_uv_t</b></p>
    329 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    330 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
    331 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
    332 horizontal velocity components u and v.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed
     1405
     1406
     1407
     1408
     1409      </td>
     1410
     1411
     1412
     1413 </tr>
     1414
     1415
     1416
     1417 <tr>
     1418
     1419
     1420
     1421 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1422     
     1423     
     1424     
     1425      <p><a name="bc_uv_t"></a><b>bc_uv_t</b></p>
     1426
     1427
     1428
     1429
     1430      </td>
     1431
     1432
     1433
     1434 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     1435
     1436
     1437
     1438
     1439      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td>
     1440
     1441
     1442
     1443
     1444      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1445     
     1446     
     1447     
     1448      <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the
     1449horizontal velocity components u and v.&nbsp; </p>
     1450
     1451
     1452
     1453 
     1454     
     1455     
     1456     
     1457      <p>Allowed
    3331458values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>
    3341459and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>.
    … …  
    3381463Neumann condition yields the free-slip condition with u(k=nz+1) =
    3391464u(k=nz) and v(k=nz+1) = v(k=nz) (up to k=nz the prognostic equations
    340 for the velocities are solved).</p> </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bottom_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s).&nbsp;</p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).<p>The
     1465for the velocities are solved).</p>
     1466
     1467
     1468
     1469     
     1470     
     1471     
     1472      <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>&nbsp;is internally set ('neumann') and does not need to be prescribed.</p>
     1473
     1474
     1475
     1476 </td>
     1477
     1478
     1479
     1480 </tr>
     1481
     1482
     1483
     1484 <tr>
     1485
     1486
     1487
     1488      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bottom_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></td>
     1489
     1490
     1491
     1492      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     1493
     1494
     1495
     1496      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
     1497
     1498
     1499
     1500      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1501     
     1502     
     1503     
     1504      <p>Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s).&nbsp;</p>
     1505
     1506
     1507
     1508This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).
     1509     
     1510     
     1511     
     1512      <p>The
    3411513respective salinity flux value is used
    3421514as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann
    343 condition must be used for the salinity, which is currently the only available condition.<br> </p> </td></tr><tr>
    344 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_height"></a>building_height</span></td>
    345 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> <td>Height
    346 of a single building in m.<br> <br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_height</span> must
     1515condition must be used for the salinity, which is currently the only available condition.<br>
     1516
     1517
     1518
     1519 </p>
     1520
     1521
     1522
     1523 </td>
     1524
     1525
     1526
     1527    </tr>
     1528
     1529
     1530
     1531    <tr>
     1532
     1533
     1534
     1535
     1536      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_height"></a>building_height</span></td>
     1537
     1538
     1539
     1540
     1541      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     1542
     1543
     1544
     1545 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td>
     1546
     1547
     1548
     1549 <td>Height
     1550of a single building in m.<br>
     1551
     1552
     1553
     1554 <br>
     1555
     1556
     1557
     1558 <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_height</span> must
    3471559be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires
    3481560the use of&nbsp;<a href="#topography">topography</a>
    3491561= <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td>
    350 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_x"></a>building_length_x</span></td>
    351 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Width of a single
    352 building in m.<br> <br>
     1562
     1563
     1564
     1565
     1566    </tr>
     1567
     1568
     1569
     1570 <tr>
     1571
     1572
     1573
     1574 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_x"></a>building_length_x</span></td>
     1575
     1576
     1577
     1578
     1579      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     1580
     1581
     1582
     1583 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td>
     1584
     1585
     1586
     1587 <td><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Width of a single
     1588building in m.<br>
     1589
     1590
     1591
     1592 <br>
     1593
     1594
     1595
     1596
    3531597Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_x</span>
    3541598must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3
    3551599*&nbsp;</span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">(&nbsp;</span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dx">dx</a>
    356 </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></span>.
     1600      </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></span>.
    3571601This parameter requires the use of&nbsp;<a href="#topography">topography</a>
    3581602= <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td>
    359 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_y"></a>building_length_y</span></td>
    360 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> <td>Depth
    361 of a single building in m.<br> <br>
     1603
     1604
     1605
     1606
     1607    </tr>
     1608
     1609
     1610
     1611 <tr>
     1612
     1613
     1614
     1615 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_y"></a>building_length_y</span></td>
     1616
     1617
     1618
     1619
     1620      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     1621
     1622
     1623
     1624 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td>
     1625
     1626
     1627
     1628 <td>Depth
     1629of a single building in m.<br>
     1630
     1631
     1632
     1633 <br>
     1634
     1635
     1636
     1637
    3621638Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_y</span>
    3631639must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3
    … …  
    3651641the use of&nbsp;<a href="#topography">topography</a>
    3661642= <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td>
    367 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_left"></a>building_wall_left</span></td>
    368 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td>
    369 <td>x-coordinate of the left building wall (distance between the
     1643
     1644
     1645
     1646
     1647    </tr>
     1648
     1649
     1650
     1651 <tr>
     1652
     1653
     1654
     1655 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_left"></a>building_wall_left</span></td>
     1656
     1657
     1658
     1659
     1660      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     1661
     1662
     1663
     1664 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td>
     1665
     1666
     1667
     1668
     1669      <td>x-coordinate of the left building wall (distance between the
    3701670left building wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br>
    371 <br>
     1671
     1672
     1673
     1674
     1675      <br>
     1676
     1677
     1678
     1679
    3721680Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span>
    3731681must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1
    … …  
    3761684This parameter requires the use of&nbsp;<a href="#topography">topography</a>
    3771685= <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br>
    378 <br>
     1686
     1687
     1688
     1689
     1690      <br>
     1691
     1692
     1693
     1694
    3791695The default value&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span>
    3801696= <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#nx">nx</a>&nbsp;+
    38116971 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> -&nbsp; <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a> ) / 2</span>
    382 centers the building in x-direction. </td> </tr> <tr>
    383 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_south"></a>building_wall_south</span></td>
    384 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td>
    385 <td>y-coordinate of the South building wall (distance between the
     1698centers the building in x-direction. </td>
     1699
     1700
     1701
     1702 </tr>
     1703
     1704
     1705
     1706 <tr>
     1707
     1708
     1709
     1710
     1711      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_south"></a>building_wall_south</span></td>
     1712
     1713
     1714
     1715
     1716      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     1717
     1718
     1719
     1720 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td>
     1721
     1722
     1723
     1724
     1725      <td>y-coordinate of the South building wall (distance between the
    3861726South building wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br>
    387 <br>
     1727
     1728
     1729
     1730
     1731      <br>
     1732
     1733
     1734
     1735
    3881736Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span>
    3891737must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1
    … …  
    3921740This parameter requires the use of&nbsp;<a href="#topography">topography</a>
    3931741= <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br>
    394 <br>
     1742
     1743
     1744
     1745
     1746      <br>
     1747
     1748
     1749
     1750
    3951751The default value&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span>
    3961752= <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#ny">ny</a>&nbsp;+
    39717531 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> -&nbsp; <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a> ) / 2</span>
    398 centers the building in y-direction. </td> </tr> <tr>
    399 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="cloud_droplets"></a>cloud_droplets</span><br>
    400 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    401 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> </td>
    402 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on
    403 usage of cloud droplets.<br> <br>
     1754centers the building in y-direction. </td>
     1755
     1756
     1757
     1758 </tr>
     1759
     1760
     1761
     1762 <tr>
     1763
     1764
     1765
     1766
     1767      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="cloud_droplets"></a>cloud_droplets</span><br>
     1768
     1769
     1770
     1771
     1772      </td>
     1773
     1774
     1775
     1776 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     1777
     1778
     1779
     1780 </td>
     1781
     1782
     1783
     1784
     1785      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br>
     1786
     1787
     1788
     1789 </td>
     1790
     1791
     1792
     1793
     1794      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on
     1795usage of cloud droplets.<br>
     1796
     1797
     1798
     1799 <br>
     1800
     1801
     1802
     1803
    4041804Cloud droplets require to use the particle package (<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option <span style="font-family: monospace;">-p particles</span>),
    4051805so in this case a particle corresponds to a droplet. The droplet
    … …  
    4081808The real number of initial droplets in a grid cell is equal to the
    4091809initial number of droplets (defined by the particle source parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
    410 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
    411 </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>)
     1810      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
     1811      </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>)
    4121812times the <a href="#initial_weighting_factor">initial_weighting_factor</a>.<br>
    413 <br>
     1813
     1814
     1815
     1816
     1817      <br>
     1818
     1819
     1820
     1821
    4141822In case of using cloud droplets, the default condensation scheme in
    4151823PALM cannot be used, i.e. <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
    4161824must be set <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.<br>
    417 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="cloud_physics"></a><b>cloud_physics</b></p>
    418 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    419 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to switch
     1825
     1826
     1827
     1828
     1829      </td>
     1830
     1831
     1832
     1833 </tr>
     1834
     1835
     1836
     1837 <tr>
     1838
     1839
     1840
     1841 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1842     
     1843     
     1844     
     1845      <p><a name="cloud_physics"></a><b>cloud_physics</b></p>
     1846
     1847
     1848
     1849
     1850      </td>
     1851
     1852
     1853
     1854 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     1855
     1856
     1857
     1858 </td>
     1859
     1860
     1861
     1862
     1863      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     1864
     1865
     1866
     1867 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1868     
     1869     
     1870     
     1871      <p>Parameter to switch
    4201872on the condensation scheme.&nbsp; </p>
     1873
     1874
     1875
     1876
    4211877For <b>cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, equations
    4221878for the
    … …  
    4281884unsaturated (0%-or-100%-scheme). A simple precipitation scheme can
    4291885additionally be switched on with parameter <a href="#precipitation">precipitation</a>.
    430 Also cloud-top cooling by longwave radiation can be utilized (see <a href="#radiation">radiation</a>)<br> <b><br>
     1886Also cloud-top cooling by longwave radiation can be utilized (see <a href="#radiation">radiation</a>)<br>
     1887
     1888
     1889
     1890 <b><br>
     1891
     1892
     1893
     1894
    4311895cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.
    432 </span>requires&nbsp;<a href="#humidity">humidity</a>
     1896      </span>requires&nbsp;<a href="#humidity">humidity</a>
    4331897=<span style="font-style: italic;"> .TRUE.</span> .<br>
     1898
     1899
     1900
     1901
    4341902Detailed information about the condensation scheme is given in the
    4351903description of the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM-1/Dokumentationen/Cloud_physics/wolken.pdf">cloud
    436 physics module</a> (pdf-file, only in German).<br> <br>
     1904physics module</a> (pdf-file, only in German).<br>
     1905
     1906
     1907
     1908 <br>
     1909
     1910
     1911
     1912
    4371913This condensation scheme is not allowed if cloud droplets are simulated
    4381914explicitly (see <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>).<br>
    439 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow"></a>conserve_volume_flow</span></td>
    440 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td>Conservation
    441 of volume flow in x- and y-direction.<br> <br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span>
     1915
     1916
     1917
     1918
     1919      </td>
     1920
     1921
     1922
     1923 </tr>
     1924
     1925
     1926
     1927 <tr>
     1928
     1929
     1930
     1931 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow"></a>conserve_volume_flow</span></td>
     1932
     1933
     1934
     1935
     1936      <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     1937
     1938
     1939
     1940 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     1941
     1942
     1943
     1944 <td>Conservation
     1945of volume flow in x- and y-direction.<br>
     1946
     1947
     1948
     1949 <br>
     1950
     1951
     1952
     1953 <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span>
    4421954= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>
    4431955guarantees that the volume flow through the xz- or yz-cross-section of
    4441956the total model domain remains constant (equal to the initial value at
    4451957t=0) throughout the run.<br>
    446 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="cut_spline_overshoot"></a><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></p>
    447 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    448 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Cuts off of
     1958
     1959
     1960
     1961
     1962      </td>
     1963
     1964
     1965
     1966 </tr>
     1967
     1968
     1969
     1970 <tr>
     1971
     1972
     1973
     1974 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1975     
     1976     
     1977     
     1978      <p><a name="cut_spline_overshoot"></a><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></p>
     1979
     1980
     1981
     1982
     1983      </td>
     1984
     1985
     1986
     1987 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     1988
     1989
     1990
     1991
     1992      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td>
     1993
     1994
     1995
     1996 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1997     
     1998     
     1999     
     2000      <p>Cuts off of
    4492001so-called overshoots, which can occur with the
    450 upstream-spline scheme.&nbsp; </p> <p><font color="#000000">The cubic splines tend to overshoot in
     2002upstream-spline scheme.&nbsp; </p>
     2003
     2004
     2005
     2006 
     2007     
     2008     
     2009     
     2010      <p><font color="#000000">The cubic splines tend to overshoot in
    4512011case of discontinuous changes of variables between neighbouring grid
    4522012points.</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#000000">This
    … …  
    4592019respective adjacent grid points. This interval can be adjusted
    4602020seperately for every prognostic variable (see initialization parameters
    461 <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_pt">overshoot_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_u">overshoot_limit_u</a>,
     2021      <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_pt">overshoot_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_u">overshoot_limit_u</a>,
    4622022etc.). This might be necessary in case that the
    4632023default interval has a non-tolerable effect on the model
    464 results.&nbsp; </p> <p>Overshoots may also be removed
     2024results.&nbsp; </p>
     2025
     2026
     2027
     2028 
     2029     
     2030     
     2031     
     2032      <p>Overshoots may also be removed
    4652033using the parameters <a href="#ups_limit_e">ups_limit_e</a>,
    466 <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>,
     2034      <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>,
    4672035etc. as well as by applying a long-filter (see <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>).</p>
    468 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="damp_level_1d"></a><b>damp_level_1d</b></p>
    469 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    470 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz+1)</span></td>
    471 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Height where
     2036
     2037
     2038
     2039
     2040      </td>
     2041
     2042
     2043
     2044 </tr>
     2045
     2046
     2047
     2048 <tr>
     2049
     2050
     2051
     2052 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2053     
     2054     
     2055     
     2056      <p><a name="damp_level_1d"></a><b>damp_level_1d</b></p>
     2057
     2058
     2059
     2060
     2061      </td>
     2062
     2063
     2064
     2065 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2066
     2067
     2068
     2069
     2070      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz+1)</span></td>
     2071
     2072
     2073
     2074
     2075      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2076     
     2077     
     2078     
     2079      <p>Height where
    4722080the damping layer begins in the 1d-model
    473 (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter is used to
     2081(in m).&nbsp; </p>
     2082
     2083
     2084
     2085 
     2086     
     2087     
     2088     
     2089      <p>This parameter is used to
    4742090switch on a damping layer for the
    47520911d-model, which is generally needed for the damping of inertia
    … …  
    4822098The values of K<sub>m</sub> are limited to 10 m**2/s at
    4832099maximum.&nbsp; <br>
     2100
     2101
     2102
     2103
    4842104This parameter only comes into effect if the 1d-model is switched on
    4852105for
    4862106the initialization of the 3d-model using <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a>
    4872107= <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.
    488 <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dissipation_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span><br>
    489 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br>
    490 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> </td>
    491 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculation method for
     2108      <br>
     2109
     2110
     2111
     2112 </p>
     2113
     2114
     2115
     2116 </td>
     2117
     2118
     2119
     2120 </tr>
     2121
     2122
     2123
     2124 <tr>
     2125
     2126
     2127
     2128 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dissipation_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span><br>
     2129
     2130
     2131
     2132
     2133      </td>
     2134
     2135
     2136
     2137 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br>
     2138
     2139
     2140
     2141
     2142      </td>
     2143
     2144
     2145
     2146 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     2147
     2148
     2149
     2150 <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br>
     2151
     2152
     2153
     2154 </td>
     2155
     2156
     2157
     2158
     2159      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculation method for
    4922160the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model.<br>
    493 <br>
     2161
     2162
     2163
     2164
     2165      <br>
     2166
     2167
     2168
     2169
    4942170By default the dissipation is calculated as in the 3d-model using diss
    495 = (0.19 + 0.74 * l / l_grid) * e**1.5 / l.<br> <br>
     2171= (0.19 + 0.74 * l / l_grid) * e**1.5 / l.<br>
     2172
     2173
     2174
     2175 <br>
     2176
     2177
     2178
     2179
    4962180Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span>
    4972181= <span style="font-style: italic;">'detering'</span>
    4982182forces the dissipation to be calculated as diss = 0.064 * e**1.5 / l.<br>
    499 </td> </tr>
    500 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt"></a><b>dt</b></p> </td>
    501 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">variable</span></td>
    502 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Time step for
    503 the 3d-model (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p>By default, (i.e.
     2183
     2184
     2185
     2186
     2187      </td>
     2188
     2189
     2190
     2191 </tr>
     2192
     2193
     2194
     2195
     2196    <tr>
     2197
     2198
     2199
     2200 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2201     
     2202     
     2203     
     2204      <p><a name="dt"></a><b>dt</b></p>
     2205
     2206
     2207
     2208 </td>
     2209
     2210
     2211
     2212
     2213      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2214
     2215
     2216
     2217 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">variable</span></td>
     2218
     2219
     2220
     2221
     2222      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2223     
     2224     
     2225     
     2226      <p>Time step for
     2227the 3d-model (in s).&nbsp; </p>
     2228
     2229
     2230
     2231 
     2232     
     2233     
     2234     
     2235      <p>By default, (i.e.
    5042236if a Runge-Kutta scheme is used, see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>)
    5052237the value of the time step is calculating after each time step
    5062238(following the time step criteria) and
    507 used for the next step.</p> <p>If the user assigns <b>dt</b>
     2239used for the next step.</p>
     2240
     2241
     2242
     2243 
     2244     
     2245     
     2246     
     2247      <p>If the user assigns <b>dt</b>
    5082248a value, then the time step is
    5092249fixed to this value throughout the whole run (whether it fulfills the
    … …  
    5112251criteria or not). However, changes are allowed for restart runs,
    5122252because <b>dt</b> can also be used as a <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_laufparameter">run
    513 parameter</a>.&nbsp; </p> <p>In case that the
    514 calculated time step meets the condition<br> </p> <ul>
    515 <p><b>dt</b> &lt; 0.00001 * <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a> (with dt_max
    516 = 20.0)</p> </ul> <p>the simulation will be
     2253parameter</a>.&nbsp; </p>
     2254
     2255
     2256
     2257 
     2258     
     2259     
     2260     
     2261      <p>In case that the
     2262calculated time step meets the condition<br>
     2263
     2264
     2265
     2266 </p>
     2267
     2268
     2269
     2270 
     2271     
     2272     
     2273     
     2274      <ul>
     2275
     2276
     2277
     2278
     2279       
     2280       
     2281       
     2282        <p><b>dt</b> &lt; 0.00001 * <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a> (with dt_max
     2283= 20.0)</p>
     2284
     2285
     2286
     2287 
     2288     
     2289     
     2290     
     2291      </ul>
     2292
     2293
     2294
     2295 
     2296     
     2297     
     2298     
     2299      <p>the simulation will be
    5172300aborted. Such situations usually arise
    5182301in case of any numerical problem / instability which causes a
    519 non-realistic increase of the wind speed.&nbsp; </p> <p>A
     2302non-realistic increase of the wind speed.&nbsp; </p>
     2303
     2304
     2305
     2306 
     2307     
     2308     
     2309     
     2310      <p>A
    5202311small time step due to a large mean horizontal windspeed
    5212312speed may be enlarged by using a coordinate transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>),
    522 in order to spare CPU time.<br> </p> <p>If the
     2313in order to spare CPU time.<br>
     2314
     2315
     2316
     2317 </p>
     2318
     2319
     2320
     2321 
     2322     
     2323     
     2324     
     2325      <p>If the
    5232326leapfrog timestep scheme is used (see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>)
    5242327a temporary time step value dt_new is calculated first, with dt_new = <a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor">cfl_factor</a>
    … …  
    5382341does not change at all. By doing so, permanent time step changes as
    5392342well as large
    540 sudden changes (increases) in the time step are avoided.</p> </td>
    541 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    542 <p><a name="dt_pr_1d"></a><b>dt_pr_1d</b></p>
    543 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    544 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
    545 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Temporal
     2343sudden changes (increases) in the time step are avoided.</p>
     2344
     2345
     2346
     2347 </td>
     2348
     2349
     2350
     2351
     2352    </tr>
     2353
     2354
     2355
     2356 <tr>
     2357
     2358
     2359
     2360 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2361     
     2362     
     2363     
     2364      <p><a name="dt_pr_1d"></a><b>dt_pr_1d</b></p>
     2365
     2366
     2367
     2368
     2369      </td>
     2370
     2371
     2372
     2373 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2374
     2375
     2376
     2377
     2378      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     2379
     2380
     2381
     2382
     2383      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2384     
     2385     
     2386     
     2387      <p>Temporal
    5462388interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model
    547 (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p>Data are written in ASCII
     2389(in s).&nbsp; </p>
     2390
     2391
     2392
     2393 
     2394     
     2395     
     2396     
     2397      <p>Data are written in ASCII
    5482398format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL_1D">LIST_PROFIL_1D</a>.
    5492399This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model has been switched on
    … …  
    5512401initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a>
    5522402= <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p>
    553 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_run_control_1d"></a><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></p>
    554 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    555 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">60.0</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Temporal interval of
     2403
     2404
     2405
     2406
     2407      </td>
     2408
     2409
     2410
     2411 </tr>
     2412
     2413
     2414
     2415 <tr>
     2416
     2417
     2418
     2419 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2420     
     2421     
     2422     
     2423      <p><a name="dt_run_control_1d"></a><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></p>
     2424
     2425
     2426
     2427
     2428      </td>
     2429
     2430
     2431
     2432 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2433
     2434
     2435
     2436
     2437      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">60.0</span></td>
     2438
     2439
     2440
     2441 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2442     
     2443     
     2444     
     2445      <p>Temporal interval of
    5562446runtime control output of the 1d-model
    557 (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p>Data are written in ASCII
     2447(in s).&nbsp; </p>
     2448
     2449
     2450
     2451 
     2452     
     2453     
     2454     
     2455      <p>Data are written in ASCII
    5582456format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.
    5592457This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the
    5602458initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a>
    5612459= <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p>
    562 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dx"></a><b>dx</b></p>
    563 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    564 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Horizontal grid
    565 spacing along the x-direction (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>Along
    566 x-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> </td>
    567 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    568 <p><a name="dy"></a><b>dy</b></p>
    569 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    570 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Horizontal grid
    571 spacing along the y-direction (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>Along y-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> </td>
    572 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    573 <p><a name="dz"></a><b>dz</b></p>
    574 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    575 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Vertical grid
    576 spacing (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter must be
     2460
     2461
     2462
     2463
     2464      </td>
     2465
     2466
     2467
     2468 </tr>
     2469
     2470
     2471
     2472 <tr>
     2473
     2474
     2475
     2476 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2477     
     2478     
     2479     
     2480      <p><a name="dx"></a><b>dx</b></p>
     2481
     2482
     2483
     2484
     2485      </td>
     2486
     2487
     2488
     2489 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2490
     2491
     2492
     2493
     2494      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td>
     2495
     2496
     2497
     2498 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2499     
     2500     
     2501     
     2502      <p>Horizontal grid
     2503spacing along the x-direction (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     2504
     2505
     2506
     2507 
     2508     
     2509     
     2510     
     2511      <p>Along
     2512x-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p>
     2513
     2514
     2515
     2516     
     2517     
     2518     
     2519      <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be&nbsp;equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
     2520and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
     2521
     2522
     2523
     2524 </td>
     2525
     2526
     2527
     2528
     2529    </tr>
     2530
     2531
     2532
     2533 <tr>
     2534
     2535
     2536
     2537 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2538     
     2539     
     2540     
     2541      <p><a name="dy"></a><b>dy</b></p>
     2542
     2543
     2544
     2545
     2546      </td>
     2547
     2548
     2549
     2550 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2551
     2552
     2553
     2554
     2555      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td>
     2556
     2557
     2558
     2559 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2560     
     2561     
     2562     
     2563      <p>Horizontal grid
     2564spacing along the y-direction (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     2565
     2566
     2567
     2568 
     2569     
     2570     
     2571     
     2572      <p>Along y-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p>
     2573
     2574
     2575
     2576     
     2577     
     2578     
     2579      <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be&nbsp;equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
     2580and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
     2581
     2582
     2583
     2584 </td>
     2585
     2586
     2587
     2588
     2589    </tr>
     2590
     2591
     2592
     2593 <tr>
     2594
     2595
     2596
     2597 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2598     
     2599     
     2600     
     2601      <p><a name="dz"></a><b>dz</b></p>
     2602
     2603
     2604
     2605
     2606      </td>
     2607
     2608
     2609
     2610 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2611
     2612
     2613
     2614
     2615      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     2616
     2617
     2618
     2619 </td>
     2620
     2621
     2622
     2623 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2624     
     2625     
     2626     
     2627      <p>Vertical grid
     2628spacing (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     2629
     2630
     2631
     2632 
     2633     
     2634     
     2635     
     2636      <p>This parameter must be
    5772637assigned by the user, because no
    578 default value is given.<br> </p> <p>By default, the
     2638default value is given.<br>
     2639
     2640
     2641
     2642 </p>
     2643
     2644
     2645
     2646 
     2647     
     2648     
     2649     
     2650      <p>By default, the
    5792651model uses constant grid spacing along z-direction, but it can be
    5802652stretched using the parameters <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>
    5812653and <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>.
    582 In case of stretching, a maximum allowed grid spacing can be given by <a href="#dz_max">dz_max</a>.<br> </p> <p>Assuming
     2654In case of stretching, a maximum allowed grid spacing can be given by <a href="#dz_max">dz_max</a>.<br>
     2655
     2656
     2657
     2658 </p>
     2659
     2660
     2661
     2662 
     2663     
     2664     
     2665     
     2666      <p>Assuming
    5832667a constant <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz</span>,
    5842668the scalar levels (zu) are calculated directly by:&nbsp; </p>
    585 <ul> <p>zu(0) = - dz * 0.5&nbsp; <br>
    586 zu(1) = dz * 0.5</p> </ul> <p>The w-levels lie
    587 half between them:&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p>zw(k) =
    588 ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p> </ul> </td> </tr>
    589 <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dz_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed maximum vertical grid
    590 spacing (in m).<br><br>If the vertical grid is stretched
     2669
     2670
     2671
     2672
     2673     
     2674     
     2675     
     2676      <ul>
     2677
     2678
     2679
     2680 
     2681       
     2682       
     2683       
     2684        <p>zu(0) = - dz * 0.5&nbsp; <br>
     2685
     2686
     2687
     2688
     2689zu(1) = dz * 0.5</p>
     2690
     2691
     2692
     2693 
     2694     
     2695     
     2696     
     2697      </ul>
     2698
     2699
     2700
     2701 
     2702     
     2703     
     2704     
     2705      <p>The w-levels lie
     2706half between them:&nbsp; </p>
     2707
     2708
     2709
     2710 
     2711     
     2712     
     2713     
     2714      <ul>
     2715
     2716
     2717
     2718 
     2719       
     2720       
     2721       
     2722        <p>zw(k) =
     2723( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p>
     2724
     2725
     2726
     2727 
     2728     
     2729     
     2730     
     2731      </ul>
     2732
     2733
     2734
     2735 </td>
     2736
     2737
     2738
     2739 </tr>
     2740
     2741
     2742
     2743
     2744    <tr>
     2745
     2746
     2747
     2748      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dz_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span></td>
     2749
     2750
     2751
     2752      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2753
     2754
     2755
     2756      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     2757
     2758
     2759
     2760      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed maximum vertical grid
     2761spacing (in m).<br>
     2762
     2763
     2764
     2765      <br>
     2766
     2767
     2768
     2769If the vertical grid is stretched
    5912770(see <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>
    5922771and <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>),
    593 <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span> can
    594 be used to limit the vertical grid spacing.</td></tr><tr>
    595 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dz_stretch_factor"></a><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></p>
    596 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    597 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.08</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Stretch factor for a
     2772      <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span> can
     2773be used to limit the vertical grid spacing.</td>
     2774
     2775
     2776
     2777    </tr>
     2778
     2779
     2780
     2781    <tr>
     2782
     2783
     2784
     2785
     2786      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2787     
     2788     
     2789     
     2790      <p><a name="dz_stretch_factor"></a><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></p>
     2791
     2792
     2793
     2794
     2795      </td>
     2796
     2797
     2798
     2799 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2800
     2801
     2802
     2803
     2804      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.08</span></td>
     2805
     2806
     2807
     2808 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2809     
     2810     
     2811     
     2812      <p>Stretch factor for a
    5982813vertically stretched grid (see <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>).&nbsp;
    599 </p> <p>The stretch factor should not exceed a value of
     2814      </p>
     2815
     2816
     2817
     2818 
     2819     
     2820     
     2821     
     2822      <p>The stretch factor should not exceed a value of
    6002823approx. 1.10 -
    60128241.12, otherwise the discretization errors due to the stretched grid not
    602 negligible any more. (refer Kalnay de Rivas)</p> </td> </tr>
    603 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dz_stretch_level"></a><b>dz_stretch_level</b></p>
    604 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    605 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100000.0</span><br> </td>
    606 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Height level
    607 above which the grid is to be stretched
    608 vertically (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>The vertical grid
     2825negligible any more. (refer Kalnay de Rivas)</p>
     2826
     2827
     2828
     2829 </td>
     2830
     2831
     2832
     2833 </tr>
     2834
     2835
     2836
     2837
     2838    <tr>
     2839
     2840
     2841
     2842 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2843     
     2844     
     2845     
     2846      <p><a name="dz_stretch_level"></a><b>dz_stretch_level</b></p>
     2847
     2848
     2849
     2850
     2851      </td>
     2852
     2853
     2854
     2855 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2856
     2857
     2858
     2859
     2860      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100000.0</span><br>
     2861
     2862
     2863
     2864 </td>
     2865
     2866
     2867
     2868
     2869      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2870     
     2871     
     2872     
     2873      <p>Height level
     2874above/below which the grid is to be stretched
     2875vertically (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     2876
     2877
     2878
     2879 
     2880     
     2881     
     2882     
     2883      <p>For <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> = .F., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m)&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">above </span>which the grid is to be stretched
     2884vertically. The vertical grid
    6092885spacings <a href="#dz">dz</a>
    610 above this level are calculated as&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p><b>dz</b>(k+1)
     2886above this level are calculated as&nbsp; </p>
     2887
     2888
     2889
     2890 
     2891     
     2892     
     2893     
     2894      <ul>
     2895
     2896
     2897
     2898 
     2899       
     2900       
     2901       
     2902        <p><b>dz</b>(k+1)
    6112903= <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a></p>
    612 </ul> <p>and used as spacings for the scalar levels (zu).
     2904
     2905
     2906
     2907
     2908     
     2909     
     2910     
     2911      </ul>
     2912
     2913
     2914
     2915 
     2916     
     2917     
     2918     
     2919      <p>and used as spacings for the scalar levels (zu).
    6132920The
    614 w-levels are then defined as:&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p>zw(k)
    615 = ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p> </ul> </td> </tr>
    616 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_min"></a>e_min</span></td>
    617 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> <td>Minimum
     2921w-levels are then defined as:&nbsp; </p>
     2922
     2923
     2924
     2925 
     2926     
     2927     
     2928     
     2929      <ul>
     2930
     2931
     2932
     2933 
     2934       
     2935       
     2936       
     2937        <p>zw(k)
     2938= ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5.
     2939
     2940 
     2941     
     2942      </p>
     2943
     2944     
     2945      </ul>
     2946
     2947     
     2948      <p>For <a href="#ocean">ocean</a> = .T., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m, negative) <span style="font-weight: bold;">below</span> which the grid is to be stretched
     2949vertically. The vertical grid
     2950spacings <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz">dz</a> below this level are calculated correspondingly as
     2951
     2952 
     2953     
     2954      </p>
     2955
     2956     
     2957      <ul>
     2958
     2959       
     2960        <p><b>dz</b>(k-1)
     2961= <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>.</p>
     2962
     2963     
     2964      </ul>
     2965
     2966
     2967
     2968 </td>
     2969
     2970
     2971
     2972 </tr>
     2973
     2974
     2975
     2976
     2977    <tr>
     2978
     2979
     2980      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_init"></a>e_init</span></td>
     2981
     2982
     2983      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     2984
     2985
     2986      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
     2987
     2988
     2989      <td>Initial subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br>
     2990
     2991
     2992
     2993
     2994      <br>
     2995
     2996
     2997
     2998This
     2999option prescribes an initial&nbsp;subgrid-scale TKE from which the initial diffusion coefficients K<sub>m</sub> and K<sub>h</sub> will be calculated if <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_init</span> is positive. This option only has an effect if&nbsp;<a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a> is not set.</td>
     3000
     3001
     3002    </tr>
     3003
     3004
     3005    <tr>
     3006
     3007
     3008
     3009 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_min"></a>e_min</span></td>
     3010
     3011
     3012
     3013
     3014      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3015
     3016
     3017
     3018 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
     3019
     3020
     3021
     3022 <td>Minimum
    6183023subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br>
    619 <br>This
     3024
     3025
     3026
     3027
     3028      <br>
     3029
     3030
     3031
     3032This
    6203033option&nbsp;adds artificial viscosity to the flow by ensuring that
    6213034the
    622 subgrid-scale TKE does not fall below the minimum threshold <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_min</span>.</td> </tr>
    623 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="end_time_1d"></a><b>end_time_1d</b></p>
    624 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    625 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">864000.0</span><br> </td>
    626 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Time to be
    627 simulated for the 1d-model (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p>The
     3035subgrid-scale TKE does not fall below the minimum threshold <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_min</span>.</td>
     3036
     3037
     3038
     3039 </tr>
     3040
     3041
     3042
     3043
     3044    <tr>
     3045
     3046
     3047
     3048 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3049     
     3050     
     3051     
     3052      <p><a name="end_time_1d"></a><b>end_time_1d</b></p>
     3053
     3054
     3055
     3056
     3057      </td>
     3058
     3059
     3060
     3061 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3062
     3063
     3064
     3065
     3066      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">864000.0</span><br>
     3067
     3068
     3069
     3070 </td>
     3071
     3072
     3073
     3074
     3075      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3076     
     3077     
     3078     
     3079      <p>Time to be
     3080simulated for the 1d-model (in s).&nbsp; </p>
     3081
     3082
     3083
     3084 
     3085     
     3086     
     3087     
     3088      <p>The
    6283089default value corresponds to a simulated time of 10 days.
    6293090Usually, after such a period the inertia oscillations have completely
    … …  
    6333094initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a>
    6343095= <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p>
    635 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="fft_method"></a><b>fft_method</b></p>
    636 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    637 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'system-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">specific'</span></td>
    638 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>FFT-method to
    639 be used.<br> </p> <p><br>
     3096
     3097
     3098
     3099
     3100      </td>
     3101
     3102
     3103
     3104 </tr>
     3105
     3106
     3107
     3108 <tr>
     3109
     3110
     3111
     3112 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3113     
     3114     
     3115     
     3116      <p><a name="fft_method"></a><b>fft_method</b></p>
     3117
     3118
     3119
     3120
     3121      </td>
     3122
     3123
     3124
     3125 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     3126
     3127
     3128
     3129
     3130      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'system-</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     3131
     3132
     3133
     3134 <span style="font-style: italic;">specific'</span></td>
     3135
     3136
     3137
     3138
     3139      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3140     
     3141     
     3142     
     3143      <p>FFT-method to
     3144be used.<br>
     3145
     3146
     3147
     3148 </p>
     3149
     3150
     3151
     3152 
     3153     
     3154     
     3155     
     3156      <p><br>
     3157
     3158
     3159
     3160
    6403161The fast fourier transformation (FFT) is used for solving the
    6413162perturbation pressure equation with a direct method (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>)
    6423163and for calculating power spectra (see optional software packages,
    6433164section <a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_package">4.2</a>).</p>
    644 <p><br>
     3165
     3166
     3167
     3168
     3169     
     3170     
     3171     
     3172      <p><br>
     3173
     3174
     3175
     3176
    6453177By default, system-specific, optimized routines from external
    6463178vendor libraries are used. However, these are available only on certain
    6473179computers and there are more or less severe restrictions concerning the
    648 number of gridpoints to be used with them.<br> </p> <p>There
     3180number of gridpoints to be used with them.<br>
     3181
     3182
     3183
     3184 </p>
     3185
     3186
     3187
     3188 
     3189     
     3190     
     3191     
     3192      <p>There
    6493193are two other PALM internal methods available on every
    6503194machine (their respective source code is part of the PALM source code):</p>
    651 <p>1.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Temperton</span>-method
     3195
     3196
     3197
     3198
     3199     
     3200     
     3201     
     3202      <p>1.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Temperton</span>-method
    6523203from Clive Temperton (ECWMF) which is computationally very fast and
    6533204switched on with <b>fft_method</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperton-algorithm'</span>.
    6543205The number of horizontal gridpoints (nx+1, ny+1) to be used with this
    655 method must be composed of prime factors 2, 3 and 5.<br> </p>
     3206method must be composed of prime factors 2, 3 and 5.<br>
     3207
     3208
     3209
     3210 </p>
     3211
     3212
     3213
     3214
    65632152.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Singleton</span>-method
    6573216which is very slow but has no restrictions concerning the number of
    6583217gridpoints to be used with, switched on with <b>fft_method</b>
    6593218= <span style="font-style: italic;">'singleton-algorithm'</span>.
    660 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="galilei_transformation"></a><b>galilei_transformation</b></p>
    661 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    662 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    663 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Application of a
     3219      </td>
     3220
     3221
     3222
     3223 </tr>
     3224
     3225
     3226
     3227 <tr>
     3228
     3229
     3230
     3231 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3232     
     3233     
     3234     
     3235      <p><a name="galilei_transformation"></a><b>galilei_transformation</b></p>
     3236
     3237
     3238
     3239
     3240      </td>
     3241
     3242
     3243
     3244 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     3245
     3246
     3247
     3248
     3249      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     3250
     3251
     3252
     3253
     3254      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Application of a
    6643255Galilei-transformation to the
    6653256coordinate
    666 system of the model.<br><p>With <b>galilei_transformation</b>
     3257system of the model.<br>
     3258
     3259
     3260
     3261     
     3262     
     3263     
     3264      <p>With <b>galilei_transformation</b>
    6673265= <i>.T.,</i> a so-called
    6683266Galilei-transformation is switched on which ensures that the coordinate
    … …  
    6803278each case, the distance the coordinate system has been moved is written
    6813279to the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.&nbsp;
    682 </p> <p>Non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
     3280      </p>
     3281
     3282
     3283
     3284 
     3285     
     3286     
     3287     
     3288      <p>Non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    6833289and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), the specification
    6843290of a gestrophic
    6853291wind that is not constant with height
    6863292as well as e.g. stationary inhomogeneities at the bottom boundary do
    687 not allow the use of this transformation.</p> </td> </tr>
    688 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="grid_matching"></a><b>grid_matching</b></p>
    689 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 6</td>
    690 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'match'</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variable to adjust the
     3293not allow the use of this transformation.</p>
     3294
     3295
     3296
     3297 </td>
     3298
     3299
     3300
     3301 </tr>
     3302
     3303
     3304
     3305
     3306    <tr>
     3307
     3308
     3309
     3310 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3311     
     3312     
     3313     
     3314      <p><a name="grid_matching"></a><b>grid_matching</b></p>
     3315
     3316
     3317
     3318
     3319      </td>
     3320
     3321
     3322
     3323 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 6</td>
     3324
     3325
     3326
     3327
     3328      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'match'</span></td>
     3329
     3330
     3331
     3332 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variable to adjust the
    6913333subdomain
    692 sizes in parallel runs.<br> <br>
     3334sizes in parallel runs.<br>
     3335
     3336
     3337
     3338 <br>
     3339
     3340
     3341
     3342
    6933343For <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>,
    6943344the subdomains are forced to have an identical
    … …  
    6993349and <a href="#nz">nz</a>).
    7003350Advantage of this method is that all PEs bear the same computational
    701 load.<br> <br>
     3351load.<br>
     3352
     3353
     3354
     3355 <br>
     3356
     3357
     3358
     3359
    7023360There is no such restriction by default, because then smaller
    7033361subdomains are allowed on those processors which
    … …  
    7073365the grid point numbers used. Information about the respective settings
    7083366are given in file <a href="file:///home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.<br>
    709 <br>
     3367
     3368
     3369
     3370
     3371      <br>
     3372
     3373
     3374
     3375
    7103376When using a multi-grid method for solving the Poisson equation (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>)
    7113377only <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>
    712 is allowed.<br> <br> <b>Note:</b><br>
     3378is allowed.<br>
     3379
     3380
     3381
     3382 <br>
     3383
     3384
     3385
     3386 <b>Note:</b><br>
     3387
     3388
     3389
     3390
    7133391In some cases for small processor numbers there may be a very bad load
    7143392balancing among the
    715 processors which may reduce the performance of the code.</td> </tr>
    716 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_begin"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br>
    717 begin</b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    718 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td>
    719 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Lower
     3393processors which may reduce the performance of the code.</td>
     3394
     3395
     3396
     3397 </tr>
     3398
     3399
     3400
     3401
     3402    <tr>
     3403
     3404
     3405
     3406 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_begin"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br>
     3407
     3408
     3409
     3410
     3411begin</b></td>
     3412
     3413
     3414
     3415 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     3416
     3417
     3418
     3419
     3420      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     3421
     3422
     3423
     3424 <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td>
     3425
     3426
     3427
     3428
     3429      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Lower
    7203430limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be
    721 imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> <br>
     3431imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br>
     3432
     3433
     3434
     3435 <br>
     3436
     3437
     3438
     3439
    7223440If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    7233441or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>),
    … …  
    7263444horizontal velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with
    7273445parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td>
    728 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_end"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br>
    729 end</b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    730 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Upper
     3446
     3447
     3448
     3449
     3450    </tr>
     3451
     3452
     3453
     3454 <tr>
     3455
     3456
     3457
     3458 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_end"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br>
     3459
     3460
     3461
     3462
     3463end</b></td>
     3464
     3465
     3466
     3467 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     3468
     3469
     3470
     3471
     3472      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     3473
     3474
     3475
     3476 <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     3477
     3478
     3479
     3480 <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td>
     3481
     3482
     3483
     3484 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Upper
    7313485limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are
    732 to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> <br>
     3486to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br>
     3487
     3488
     3489
     3490 <br>
     3491
     3492
     3493
     3494
    7333495If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    7343496or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>),
    … …  
    7373499horizontal
    7383500velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td>
    739 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    740 <p><a name="initializing_actions"></a><b>initializing_actions</b></p>
    741 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 100</td>
    742 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization actions
    743 to be carried out.&nbsp; </p> <p style="font-style: normal;">This parameter does not have a
     3501
     3502
     3503
     3504
     3505    </tr>
     3506
     3507
     3508
     3509 <tr>
     3510
     3511
     3512
     3513 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3514     
     3515     
     3516     
     3517      <p><a name="initializing_actions"></a><b>initializing_actions</b></p>
     3518
     3519
     3520
     3521
     3522      </td>
     3523
     3524
     3525
     3526 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 100</td>
     3527
     3528
     3529
     3530
     3531      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     3532
     3533
     3534
     3535 </td>
     3536
     3537
     3538
     3539 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3540     
     3541     
     3542     
     3543      <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization actions
     3544to be carried out.&nbsp; </p>
     3545
     3546
     3547
     3548 
     3549     
     3550     
     3551     
     3552      <p style="font-style: normal;">This parameter does not have a
    7443553default value and therefore must be assigned with each model run. For
    7453554restart runs <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_restart_data'</span>
    7463555must be set. For the initial run of a job chain the following values
    747 are allowed:&nbsp; </p> <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>
    748 </p> <ul> <p>A horizontal wind profile consisting
     3556are allowed:&nbsp; </p>
     3557
     3558
     3559
     3560 
     3561     
     3562     
     3563     
     3564      <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>
     3565      </p>
     3566
     3567
     3568
     3569 
     3570     
     3571     
     3572     
     3573      <ul>
     3574
     3575
     3576
     3577 
     3578       
     3579       
     3580       
     3581        <p>A horizontal wind profile consisting
    7493582of linear sections (see <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>,
    750 <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>,
    751 <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>
     3583        <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>,
     3584        <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>
    7523585and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>, <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>,
    753 <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>,
     3586        <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>,
    7543587respectively) as well as a vertical temperature (humidity) profile
    7553588consisting of
    7563589linear sections (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>,
    757 <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>,
    758 <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>
     3590        <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>,
     3591        <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>
    7593592and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>)
    7603593are assumed as initial profiles. The subgrid-scale TKE is set to 0 but K<sub>m</sub>
    7613594and K<sub>h</sub> are set to very small values because
    7623595otherwise no TKE
    763 would be generated.</p> </ul> <p style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles' </p>
    764 <ul> <p>The arrays of the 3d-model are initialized with
     3596would be generated.</p>
     3597
     3598
     3599
     3600 
     3601     
     3602     
     3603     
     3604      </ul>
     3605
     3606
     3607
     3608 
     3609     
     3610     
     3611     
     3612      <p style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles' </p>
     3613
     3614
     3615
     3616
     3617     
     3618     
     3619     
     3620      <ul>
     3621
     3622
     3623
     3624 
     3625       
     3626       
     3627       
     3628        <p>The arrays of the 3d-model are initialized with
    7653629the
    7663630(stationary) solution of the 1d-model. These are the variables e, kh,
    … …  
    77036341d-model. For steering of the 1d-model a set of parameters with suffix
    7713635"_1d" (e.g. <a href="#end_time_1d">end_time_1d</a>,
    772 <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>)
    773 is available.</p> </ul> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">The initialization of the arrays
     3636        <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>)
     3637is available.</p>
     3638
     3639
     3640
     3641 
     3642     
     3643     
     3644     
     3645      </ul>
     3646
     3647
     3648
     3649 
     3650     
     3651     
     3652     
     3653      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span></p>
     3654
     3655
     3656
     3657     
     3658     
     3659     
     3660      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The initialization of the arrays
    7743661of the 3d-model is under complete control of the user and has to be
    7753662done in routine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_3d_model">user_init_3d_model</a>
    776 of the user-interface.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></p><p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span>
    777 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The initial
     3663of the user-interface.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></p>
     3664
     3665
     3666
     3667     
     3668     
     3669     
     3670      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span>
     3671      </p>
     3672
     3673
     3674
     3675 
     3676     
     3677     
     3678     
     3679      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The initial
    7783680velocity field of the
    77936813d-model corresponds to a
    … …  
    7903692extends from k = 0 to k = nz+1. Its radius is 8 * <a href="#dx">dx</a>
    7913693and the exponentially decaying part ranges to 32 * <a href="#dx">dx</a>
    792 (see init_rankine.f90). </div> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_ptanom'</span>
    793 </p> <ul> <p>A 2d-Gauss-like shape disturbance
     3694(see init_rankine.f90). </div>
     3695
     3696
     3697
     3698 
     3699     
     3700     
     3701     
     3702      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_ptanom'</span>
     3703      </p>
     3704
     3705
     3706
     3707 
     3708     
     3709     
     3710     
     3711      <ul>
     3712
     3713
     3714
     3715 
     3716       
     3717       
     3718       
     3719        <p>A 2d-Gauss-like shape disturbance
    7943720(x,y) is added to the
    7953721initial temperature field with radius 10.0 * <a href="#dx">dx</a>
    … …  
    8043730requires the user to comment out the call of <span style="font-family: monospace;">buoyancy</span> in the
    8053731source code of <span style="font-family: monospace;">prognostic_equations.f90</span>).</p>
    806 </ul> <p style="font-style: normal;">Values may be
     3732
     3733
     3734
     3735
     3736     
     3737     
     3738     
     3739      </ul>
     3740
     3741
     3742
     3743 
     3744     
     3745     
     3746     
     3747      <p style="font-style: normal;">Values may be
    8073748combined, e.g. <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles
    8083749initialize_vortex'</span>, but the values of <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>,
    809 <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>
     3750      <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>
    8103751, and <span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span>
    811 must not be given at the same time.</p> <p style="font-style: italic;"> </p> </td> </tr>
    812 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="km_constant"></a><b>km_constant</b></p>
    813 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    814 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable<br>
    815 (computed from TKE)</i></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Constant eddy
     3752must not be given at the same time.</p>
     3753
     3754
     3755
     3756 
     3757     
     3758     
     3759     
     3760      <p style="font-style: italic;"> </p>
     3761
     3762
     3763
     3764 </td>
     3765
     3766
     3767
     3768 </tr>
     3769
     3770
     3771
     3772
     3773    <tr>
     3774
     3775
     3776
     3777 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3778     
     3779     
     3780     
     3781      <p><a name="km_constant"></a><b>km_constant</b></p>
     3782
     3783
     3784
     3785
     3786      </td>
     3787
     3788
     3789
     3790 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3791
     3792
     3793
     3794
     3795      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable<br>
     3796
     3797
     3798
     3799
     3800(computed from TKE)</i></td>
     3801
     3802
     3803
     3804 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3805     
     3806     
     3807     
     3808      <p>Constant eddy
    8163809diffusivities are used (laminar
    817 simulations).&nbsp; </p> <p>If this parameter is
     3810simulations).&nbsp; </p>
     3811
     3812
     3813
     3814 
     3815     
     3816     
     3817     
     3818      <p>If this parameter is
    8183819specified, both in the 1d and in the
    81938203d-model constant values for the eddy diffusivities are used in
    … …  
    8223823The prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE is switched off.
    8233824Constant eddy diffusivities are only allowed with the Prandtl layer (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>)
    824 switched off.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="km_damp_max"></a><b>km_damp_max</b></p>
    825 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    826 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx
    827 or dy)</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     3825switched off.</p>
     3826
     3827
     3828
     3829 </td>
     3830
     3831
     3832
     3833 </tr>
     3834
     3835
     3836
     3837 <tr>
     3838
     3839
     3840
     3841 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3842     
     3843     
     3844     
     3845      <p><a name="km_damp_max"></a><b>km_damp_max</b></p>
     3846
     3847
     3848
     3849
     3850      </td>
     3851
     3852
     3853
     3854 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3855
     3856
     3857
     3858
     3859      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx
     3860or dy)</span></td>
     3861
     3862
     3863
     3864 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
    8283865diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of
    829 the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).<br> <br>
     3866the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).<br>
     3867
     3868
     3869
     3870 <br>
     3871
     3872
     3873
     3874
    8303875When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    8313876or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>),
    … …  
    8373882parallel to the outflow boundary are filtered (e.g. v and w, if the
    8383883outflow is along x). Damping is applied from the bottom to the top of
    839 the domain.<br> <br>
     3884the domain.<br>
     3885
     3886
     3887
     3888 <br>
     3889
     3890
     3891
     3892
    8403893The horizontal range of the smoothing is controlled by <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a>
    8413894which defines the number of gridpoints (counted from the outflow
    … …  
    8463899up to the outflow boundary. If at a certain grid point the eddy
    8473900diffusivity calculated from the flow field is larger than as described
    848 above, it is used instead.<br> <br>
     3901above, it is used instead.<br>
     3902
     3903
     3904
     3905 <br>
     3906
     3907
     3908
     3909
    8493910The default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span>
    850 has been empirically proven to be sufficient.</td> </tr> <tr>
    851 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="long_filter_factor"></a><b>long_filter_factor</b></p>
    852 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    853 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    854 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Filter factor
    855 for the so-called Long-filter.<br> </p> <p><br>
     3911has been empirically proven to be sufficient.</td>
     3912
     3913
     3914
     3915 </tr>
     3916
     3917
     3918
     3919 <tr>
     3920
     3921
     3922
     3923
     3924      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3925     
     3926     
     3927     
     3928      <p><a name="long_filter_factor"></a><b>long_filter_factor</b></p>
     3929
     3930
     3931
     3932
     3933      </td>
     3934
     3935
     3936
     3937 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3938
     3939
     3940
     3941
     3942      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     3943
     3944
     3945
     3946
     3947      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3948     
     3949     
     3950     
     3951      <p>Filter factor
     3952for the so-called Long-filter.<br>
     3953
     3954
     3955
     3956 </p>
     3957
     3958
     3959
     3960 
     3961     
     3962     
     3963     
     3964      <p><br>
     3965
     3966
     3967
     3968
    8563969This filter very efficiently
    8573970eliminates 2-delta-waves sometimes cauesed by the upstream-spline
    … …  
    8613974= <i>0.01</i>
    8623975sufficiently removes the small-scale waves without affecting the
    863 longer waves.<br> </p> <p>By default, the filter is
     3976longer waves.<br>
     3977
     3978
     3979
     3980 </p>
     3981
     3982
     3983
     3984 
     3985     
     3986     
     3987     
     3988      <p>By default, the filter is
    8643989switched off (= <i>0.0</i>).
    8653990It is exclusively applied to the tendencies calculated by the
    … …  
    87039952-delta-waves is reduced. There, the amplitude of these waves is only
    8713996reduced by approx. 50%, otherwise by nearly 100%.&nbsp; <br>
     3997
     3998
     3999
     4000
    8724001Filter factors with values &gt; <i>0.01</i> also
    8734002reduce the amplitudes
    8744003of waves with wavelengths longer than 2-delta (see the paper by Mahrer
    8754004and
    876 Pielke, quoted above). </p> </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="loop_optimization"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">C*16</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td><td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .<br><br>By
     4005Pielke, quoted above). </p>
     4006
     4007
     4008
     4009 </td>
     4010
     4011
     4012
     4013 </tr>
     4014
     4015
     4016
     4017 <tr>
     4018
     4019
     4020
     4021      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="loop_optimization"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span></td>
     4022
     4023
     4024
     4025      <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*16</td>
     4026
     4027
     4028
     4029      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td>
     4030
     4031
     4032
     4033      <td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .<br>
     4034
     4035
     4036
     4037      <br>
     4038
     4039
     4040
     4041By
    8774042default, the optimization method depends on the host on which PALM is
    8784043running. On machines with vector-type CPUs, single 3d-loops are used to
    8794044calculate each tendency term of each prognostic equation, while on all
    8804045other machines, all prognostic equations are solved within one big loop
    881 over the two horizontal indices<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> i </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> j </span>(giving a good cache uitilization).<br><br>The default behaviour can be changed by setting either <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'vector'</span> or <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cache'</span>.</td></tr><tr>
    882 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mixing_length_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span><br>
    883 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br>
    884 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> </td>
    885 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length used in the
    886 1d-model.<br> <br>
     4046over the two horizontal indices<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> i </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> j </span>(giving a good cache uitilization).<br>
     4047
     4048
     4049
     4050      <br>
     4051
     4052
     4053
     4054The default behaviour can be changed by setting either <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'vector'</span> or <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cache'</span>.</td>
     4055
     4056
     4057
     4058    </tr>
     4059
     4060
     4061
     4062    <tr>
     4063
     4064
     4065
     4066
     4067      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mixing_length_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span><br>
     4068
     4069
     4070
     4071
     4072      </td>
     4073
     4074
     4075
     4076 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br>
     4077
     4078
     4079
     4080
     4081      </td>
     4082
     4083
     4084
     4085 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     4086
     4087
     4088
     4089 <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br>
     4090
     4091
     4092
     4093 </td>
     4094
     4095
     4096
     4097
     4098      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length used in the
     40991d-model.<br>
     4100
     4101
     4102
     4103 <br>
     4104
     4105
     4106
     4107
    8874108By default the mixing length is calculated as in the 3d-model (i.e. it
    888 depends on the grid spacing).<br> <br>
     4109depends on the grid spacing).<br>
     4110
     4111
     4112
     4113 <br>
     4114
     4115
     4116
     4117
    8894118By setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span>
    8904119= <span style="font-style: italic;">'blackadar'</span>,
    8914120the so-called Blackadar mixing length is used (l = kappa * z / ( 1 +
    8924121kappa * z / lambda ) with the limiting value lambda = 2.7E-4 * u_g / f).<br>
    893 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="humidity"></a><b>humidity</b></p>
    894 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    895 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    896 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to
     4122
     4123
     4124
     4125
     4126      </td>
     4127
     4128
     4129
     4130 </tr>
     4131
     4132
     4133
     4134 <tr>
     4135
     4136
     4137
     4138 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4139     
     4140     
     4141     
     4142      <p><a name="humidity"></a><b>humidity</b></p>
     4143
     4144
     4145
     4146
     4147      </td>
     4148
     4149
     4150
     4151 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     4152
     4153
     4154
     4155
     4156      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     4157
     4158
     4159
     4160
     4161      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4162     
     4163     
     4164     
     4165      <p>Parameter to
    8974166switch on the prognostic equation for specific
    898 humidity q.<br> </p> <p>The initial vertical
     4167humidity q.<br>
     4168
     4169
     4170
     4171 </p>
     4172
     4173
     4174
     4175 
     4176     
     4177     
     4178     
     4179      <p>The initial vertical
    8994180profile of q can be set via parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface">q_surface</a>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>
    9004181and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>.&nbsp;
    9014182Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>
    9024183and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>.<br>
    903 </p>
     4184
     4185
     4186
     4187
     4188      </p>
     4189
     4190
     4191
     4192
    9044193If the condensation scheme is switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
    9054194= .TRUE.), q becomes the total liquid water content (sum of specific
    906 humidity and liquid water content).</td> </tr>
    907 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="momentum_advec"></a><b>momentum_advec</b></p>
    908 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
    909 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td>
    910 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Advection
    911 scheme to be used for the momentum equations.<br> <br>
     4195humidity and liquid water content).</td>
     4196
     4197
     4198
     4199 </tr>
     4200
     4201
     4202
     4203
     4204    <tr>
     4205
     4206
     4207
     4208 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4209     
     4210     
     4211     
     4212      <p><a name="momentum_advec"></a><b>momentum_advec</b></p>
     4213
     4214
     4215
     4216
     4217      </td>
     4218
     4219
     4220
     4221 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
     4222
     4223
     4224
     4225
     4226      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td>
     4227
     4228
     4229
     4230
     4231      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4232     
     4233     
     4234     
     4235      <p>Advection
     4236scheme to be used for the momentum equations.<br>
     4237
     4238
     4239
     4240 <br>
     4241
     4242
     4243
     4244
    9124245The user can choose between the following schemes:<br>
    913 &nbsp;<br> <br> <span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br>
    914 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of
     4246
     4247
     4248
     4249
     4250&nbsp;<br>
     4251
     4252
     4253
     4254 <br>
     4255
     4256
     4257
     4258 <span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br>
     4259
     4260
     4261
     4262
     4263      </p>
     4264
     4265
     4266
     4267 
     4268     
     4269     
     4270     
     4271      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of
    9154272Piascek and
    9164273Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6,
    9174274392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br>
     4275
     4276
     4277
     4278
    9184279If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>
    9194280= <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span>
    9204281the
    9214282advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched
    922 to an upstream-scheme.<br> </div> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br>
    923 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The
     4283to an upstream-scheme.<br>
     4284
     4285
     4286
     4287 </div>
     4288
     4289
     4290
     4291 
     4292     
     4293     
     4294     
     4295      <p> </p>
     4296
     4297
     4298
     4299 
     4300     
     4301     
     4302     
     4303      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br>
     4304
     4305
     4306
     4307
     4308      </p>
     4309
     4310
     4311
     4312 
     4313     
     4314     
     4315     
     4316      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The
    9244317upstream-spline scheme is
    9254318used
    … …  
    9384331because otherwise the scalar variables would
    9394332be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream
    940 scheme.&nbsp; </div> <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since
     4333scheme.&nbsp; </div>
     4334
     4335
     4336
     4337 
     4338     
     4339     
     4340     
     4341      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since
    9414342the cubic splines used tend
    9424343to overshoot under
    9434344certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable
    9444345filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>,
    945 <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>,
    946 <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>).
     4346      <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>,
     4347      <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>).
    9474348This is always neccessary for runs with stable stratification,
    9484349even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model domain.<br>
    949 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">With stable
     4350
     4351
     4352
     4353
     4354      </p>
     4355
     4356
     4357
     4358 
     4359     
     4360     
     4361     
     4362      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">With stable
    9504363stratification the
    9514364upstream-spline scheme also
    9524365produces gravity waves with large amplitude, which must be
    9534366suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br>
    954 <br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The&nbsp;
     4367
     4368
     4369
     4370
     4371      <br>
     4372
     4373
     4374
     4375 <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The&nbsp;
    9554376upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive
    9564377scalars (see&nbsp;<a href="#humidity">humidity</a>
    … …  
    9604381very long execution times! The scheme is also not allowed for
    9614382non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    962 and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</div> </td>
    963 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_precision"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span><br>
    964 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br>
    965 (10)<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span><br> </td>
    966 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Defines the accuracy of
    967 the NetCDF output.<br> <br>
     4383and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</div>
     4384
     4385
     4386
     4387 </td>
     4388
     4389
     4390
     4391
     4392    </tr>
     4393
     4394
     4395
     4396 <tr>
     4397
     4398
     4399
     4400 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_precision"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span><br>
     4401
     4402
     4403
     4404
     4405      </td>
     4406
     4407
     4408
     4409 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br>
     4410
     4411
     4412
     4413
     4414(10)<br>
     4415
     4416
     4417
     4418 </td>
     4419
     4420
     4421
     4422 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci-</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     4423
     4424
     4425
     4426 <span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     4427
     4428
     4429
     4430 <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan-</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     4431
     4432
     4433
     4434 <span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span><br>
     4435
     4436
     4437
     4438 </td>
     4439
     4440
     4441
     4442
     4443      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Defines the accuracy of
     4444the NetCDF output.<br>
     4445
     4446
     4447
     4448 <br>
     4449
     4450
     4451
     4452
    9684453By default, all NetCDF output data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>)
    9694454have single precision&nbsp; (4 byte) accuracy. Double precision (8
    9704455byte) can be choosen alternatively.<br>
     4456
     4457
     4458
     4459
    9714460Accuracy for the different output data (cross sections, 3d-volume data,
    972 spectra, etc.) can be set independently.<br> <span style="font-style: italic;">'&lt;out&gt;_NF90_REAL4'</span>
     4461spectra, etc.) can be set independently.<br>
     4462
     4463
     4464
     4465 <span style="font-style: italic;">'&lt;out&gt;_NF90_REAL4'</span>
    9734466(single precision) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'&lt;out&gt;_NF90_REAL8'</span>
    9744467(double precision) are the two principally allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span>,
    9754468where the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'&lt;out&gt;'
    976 </span>can be chosen out of the following list:<br> <br>
    977 <table style="text-align: left; width: 284px; height: 234px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody>
    978 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span><br> </td>
    979 <td style="vertical-align: top;">horizontal cross section<br>
    980 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xz'</span><br> </td>
    981 <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (xz) cross
    982 section<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'yz'</span><br> </td>
    983 <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (yz) cross
    984 section<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'2d'</span><br> </td>
    985 <td style="vertical-align: top;">all cross sections<br>
    986 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'3d'</span><br> </td>
    987 <td style="vertical-align: top;">volume data<br> </td>
    988 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pr'</span><br> </td>
    989 <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical profiles<br>
    990 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'ts'</span><br> </td>
    991 <td style="vertical-align: top;">time series, particle
    992 time series<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'sp'</span><br> </td>
    993 <td style="vertical-align: top;">spectra<br> </td>
    994 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'prt'</span><br> </td>
    995 <td style="vertical-align: top;">particles<br> </td>
    996 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'all'</span><br> </td>
    997 <td style="vertical-align: top;">all output quantities<br>
    998 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     4469      </span>can be chosen out of the following list:<br>
     4470
     4471
     4472
     4473 <br>
     4474
     4475
     4476
     4477
     4478     
     4479     
     4480     
     4481      <table style="text-align: left; width: 284px; height: 234px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     4482
     4483
     4484
     4485 <tbody>
     4486
     4487
     4488
     4489
     4490          <tr>
     4491
     4492
     4493
     4494 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span><br>
     4495
     4496
     4497
     4498 </td>
     4499
     4500
     4501
     4502
     4503            <td style="vertical-align: top;">horizontal cross section<br>
     4504
     4505
     4506
     4507
     4508            </td>
     4509
     4510
     4511
     4512 </tr>
     4513
     4514
     4515
     4516 <tr>
     4517
     4518
     4519
     4520 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xz'</span><br>
     4521
     4522
     4523
     4524 </td>
     4525
     4526
     4527
     4528
     4529            <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (xz) cross
     4530section<br>
     4531
     4532
     4533
     4534 </td>
     4535
     4536
     4537
     4538 </tr>
     4539
     4540
     4541
     4542 <tr>
     4543
     4544
     4545
     4546 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'yz'</span><br>
     4547
     4548
     4549
     4550 </td>
     4551
     4552
     4553
     4554
     4555            <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (yz) cross
     4556section<br>
     4557
     4558
     4559
     4560 </td>
     4561
     4562
     4563
     4564 </tr>
     4565
     4566
     4567
     4568 <tr>
     4569
     4570
     4571
     4572 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'2d'</span><br>
     4573
     4574
     4575
     4576 </td>
     4577
     4578
     4579
     4580
     4581            <td style="vertical-align: top;">all cross sections<br>
     4582
     4583
     4584
     4585
     4586            </td>
     4587
     4588
     4589
     4590 </tr>
     4591
     4592
     4593
     4594 <tr>
     4595
     4596
     4597
     4598 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'3d'</span><br>
     4599
     4600
     4601
     4602 </td>
     4603
     4604
     4605
     4606
     4607            <td style="vertical-align: top;">volume data<br>
     4608
     4609
     4610
     4611 </td>
     4612
     4613
     4614
     4615
     4616          </tr>
     4617
     4618
     4619
     4620 <tr>
     4621
     4622
     4623
     4624 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pr'</span><br>
     4625
     4626
     4627
     4628 </td>
     4629
     4630
     4631
     4632
     4633            <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical profiles<br>
     4634
     4635
     4636
     4637
     4638            </td>
     4639
     4640
     4641
     4642 </tr>
     4643
     4644
     4645
     4646 <tr>
     4647
     4648
     4649
     4650 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'ts'</span><br>
     4651
     4652
     4653
     4654 </td>
     4655
     4656
     4657
     4658
     4659            <td style="vertical-align: top;">time series, particle
     4660time series<br>
     4661
     4662
     4663
     4664 </td>
     4665
     4666
     4667
     4668 </tr>
     4669
     4670
     4671
     4672 <tr>
     4673
     4674
     4675
     4676 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'sp'</span><br>
     4677
     4678
     4679
     4680 </td>
     4681
     4682
     4683
     4684
     4685            <td style="vertical-align: top;">spectra<br>
     4686
     4687
     4688
     4689 </td>
     4690
     4691
     4692
     4693
     4694          </tr>
     4695
     4696
     4697
     4698 <tr>
     4699
     4700
     4701
     4702 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'prt'</span><br>
     4703
     4704
     4705
     4706 </td>
     4707
     4708
     4709
     4710
     4711            <td style="vertical-align: top;">particles<br>
     4712
     4713
     4714
     4715 </td>
     4716
     4717
     4718
     4719
     4720          </tr>
     4721
     4722
     4723
     4724 <tr>
     4725
     4726
     4727
     4728 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'all'</span><br>
     4729
     4730
     4731
     4732 </td>
     4733
     4734
     4735
     4736
     4737            <td style="vertical-align: top;">all output quantities<br>
     4738
     4739
     4740
     4741
     4742            </td>
     4743
     4744
     4745
     4746 </tr>
     4747
     4748
     4749
     4750 
     4751       
     4752       
     4753       
     4754        </tbody>
     4755     
     4756     
     4757     
     4758      </table>
     4759
     4760
     4761
     4762 <br>
     4763
     4764
     4765
     4766 <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     4767
     4768
     4769
     4770
    9994771If all cross section data and the particle data shall be output in
    10004772double precision and all other quantities in single precision, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'2d_NF90_REAL8'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'prt_NF90_REAL8'</span>
    1001 has to be assigned.<br> </td> </tr>
    1002 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="npex"></a><b>npex</b></p> </td>
    1003 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of processors
     4773has to be assigned.<br>
     4774
     4775
     4776
     4777 </td>
     4778
     4779
     4780
     4781 </tr>
     4782
     4783
     4784
     4785
     4786    <tr>
     4787
     4788
     4789
     4790 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4791     
     4792     
     4793     
     4794      <p><a name="npex"></a><b>npex</b></p>
     4795
     4796
     4797
     4798 </td>
     4799
     4800
     4801
     4802
     4803      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     4804
     4805
     4806
     4807 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     4808
     4809
     4810
     4811 </td>
     4812
     4813
     4814
     4815 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4816     
     4817     
     4818     
     4819      <p>Number of processors
    10044820along x-direction of the virtual
    10054821processor
    1006 net.&nbsp; </p> <p>For parallel runs, the total
     4822net.&nbsp; </p>
     4823
     4824
     4825
     4826 
     4827     
     4828     
     4829     
     4830      <p>For parallel runs, the total
    10074831number of processors to be used
    10084832is given by
    … …  
    10274851differ extremely, the
    10284852processor net should be manually adjusted using adequate values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>.&nbsp; </p>
    1029 <p><b>Important:</b> The value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> * <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> must exactly
     4853
     4854
     4855
     4856
     4857     
     4858     
     4859     
     4860      <p><b>Important:</b> The value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> * <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> must exactly
    10304861correspond to the
    10314862value assigned by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
    1032 <tt>-X</tt>.
     4863      <tt>-X</tt>.
    10334864Otherwise the model run will abort with a corresponding error
    10344865message.&nbsp; <br>
     4866
     4867
     4868
     4869
    10354870Additionally, the specification of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span>
    10364871and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>
    … …  
    10384873override the default setting for the domain decomposition (1d or 2d)
    10394874which may have a significant (negative) effect on the code performance.
    1040 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="npey"></a><b>npey</b></p>
    1041 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1042 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of processors
     4875      </p>
     4876
     4877
     4878
     4879 </td>
     4880
     4881
     4882
     4883 </tr>
     4884
     4885
     4886
     4887 <tr>
     4888
     4889
     4890
     4891 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4892     
     4893     
     4894     
     4895      <p><a name="npey"></a><b>npey</b></p>
     4896
     4897
     4898
     4899
     4900      </td>
     4901
     4902
     4903
     4904 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     4905
     4906
     4907
     4908
     4909      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     4910
     4911
     4912
     4913 </td>
     4914
     4915
     4916
     4917 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4918     
     4919     
     4920     
     4921      <p>Number of processors
    10434922along y-direction of the virtual
    10444923processor
    1045 net.&nbsp; </p> <p>For further information see <a href="#npex">npex</a>.</p> </td> </tr>
    1046 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="nsor_ini"></a><b>nsor_ini</b></p>
    1047 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1048 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td>
    1049 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Initial number
    1050 of iterations with the SOR algorithm.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     4924net.&nbsp; </p>
     4925
     4926
     4927
     4928 
     4929     
     4930     
     4931     
     4932      <p>For further information see <a href="#npex">npex</a>.</p>
     4933
     4934
     4935
     4936 </td>
     4937
     4938
     4939
     4940 </tr>
     4941
     4942
     4943
     4944
     4945    <tr>
     4946
     4947
     4948
     4949 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4950     
     4951     
     4952     
     4953      <p><a name="nsor_ini"></a><b>nsor_ini</b></p>
     4954
     4955
     4956
     4957
     4958      </td>
     4959
     4960
     4961
     4962 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     4963
     4964
     4965
     4966
     4967      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td>
     4968
     4969
     4970
     4971
     4972      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4973     
     4974     
     4975     
     4976      <p>Initial number
     4977of iterations with the SOR algorithm.&nbsp; </p>
     4978
     4979
     4980
     4981 
     4982     
     4983     
     4984     
     4985      <p>This
    10514986parameter is only effective if the SOR algorithm was
    10524987selected as the pressure solver scheme (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>
    … …  
    10634998test runs should determine whether sufficient convergence of the
    10644999solution is obtained with the default value and if necessary the value
    1065 of <b>nsor_ini</b> should be changed.</p> </td>
    1066 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1067 <p><a name="nx"></a><b>nx</b></p>
    1068 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1069 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of grid
    1070 points in x-direction.&nbsp; </p> <p>A value for this
     5000of <b>nsor_ini</b> should be changed.</p>
     5001
     5002
     5003
     5004 </td>
     5005
     5006
     5007
     5008
     5009    </tr>
     5010
     5011
     5012
     5013 <tr>
     5014
     5015
     5016
     5017 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5018     
     5019     
     5020     
     5021      <p><a name="nx"></a><b>nx</b></p>
     5022
     5023
     5024
     5025
     5026      </td>
     5027
     5028
     5029
     5030 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5031
     5032
     5033
     5034
     5035      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     5036
     5037
     5038
     5039 </td>
     5040
     5041
     5042
     5043 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5044     
     5045     
     5046     
     5047      <p>Number of grid
     5048points in x-direction.&nbsp; </p>
     5049
     5050
     5051
     5052 
     5053     
     5054     
     5055     
     5056      <p>A value for this
    10715057parameter must be assigned. Since the lower
    10725058array bound in PALM
    10735059starts with i = 0, the actual number of grid points is equal to <b>nx+1</b>.
    10745060In case of cyclic boundary conditions along x, the domain size is (<b>nx+1</b>)*
    1075 <a href="#dx">dx</a>.</p> <p>For
     5061      <a href="#dx">dx</a>.</p>
     5062
     5063
     5064
     5065 
     5066     
     5067     
     5068     
     5069      <p>For
    10765070parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a>
    10775071= <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>,
    1078 <b>nx+1</b> must
     5072      <b>nx+1</b> must
    10795073be an integral multiple
    10805074of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a>
    10815075and <a href="#npey">npey</a>)
    10825076along x- as well as along y-direction (due to data
    1083 transposition restrictions).</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    1084 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ny"></a><b>ny</b></p>
    1085 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1086 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of grid
    1087 points in y-direction.&nbsp; </p> <p>A value for this
     5077transposition restrictions).</p>
     5078
     5079
     5080
     5081     
     5082     
     5083     
     5084      <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be&nbsp;equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
     5085and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
     5086
     5087
     5088
     5089 </td>
     5090
     5091
     5092
     5093 </tr>
     5094
     5095
     5096
     5097 <tr>
     5098
     5099
     5100
     5101
     5102      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5103     
     5104     
     5105     
     5106      <p><a name="ny"></a><b>ny</b></p>
     5107
     5108
     5109
     5110
     5111      </td>
     5112
     5113
     5114
     5115 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5116
     5117
     5118
     5119
     5120      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     5121
     5122
     5123
     5124 </td>
     5125
     5126
     5127
     5128 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5129     
     5130     
     5131     
     5132      <p>Number of grid
     5133points in y-direction.&nbsp; </p>
     5134
     5135
     5136
     5137 
     5138     
     5139     
     5140     
     5141      <p>A value for this
    10885142parameter must be assigned. Since the lower
    10895143array bound in PALM starts with i = 0, the actual number of grid points
    … …  
    10915145conditions along
    10925146y, the domain size is (<b>ny+1</b>) * <a href="#dy">dy</a>.</p>
    1093 <p>For parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a>
     5147
     5148
     5149
     5150
     5151     
     5152     
     5153     
     5154      <p>For parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a>
    10945155= <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>,
    1095 <b>ny+1</b> must
     5156      <b>ny+1</b> must
    10965157be an integral multiple
    10975158of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a>
    10985159and <a href="#npey">npey</a>)&nbsp;
    10995160along y- as well as along x-direction (due to data
    1100 transposition restrictions).</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    1101 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="nz"></a><b>nz</b></p>
    1102 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1103 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of grid
    1104 points in z-direction.&nbsp; </p> <p>A value for this
     5161transposition restrictions).</p>
     5162
     5163
     5164
     5165     
     5166     
     5167     
     5168      <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be&nbsp;equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
     5169and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
     5170
     5171
     5172
     5173 </td>
     5174
     5175
     5176
     5177 </tr>
     5178
     5179
     5180
     5181 <tr>
     5182
     5183
     5184
     5185
     5186      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5187     
     5188     
     5189     
     5190      <p><a name="nz"></a><b>nz</b></p>
     5191
     5192
     5193
     5194
     5195      </td>
     5196
     5197
     5198
     5199 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5200
     5201
     5202
     5203
     5204      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     5205
     5206
     5207
     5208 </td>
     5209
     5210
     5211
     5212 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5213     
     5214     
     5215     
     5216      <p>Number of grid
     5217points in z-direction.&nbsp; </p>
     5218
     5219
     5220
     5221 
     5222     
     5223     
     5224     
     5225      <p>A value for this
    11055226parameter must be assigned. Since the lower
    11065227array bound in PALM
    … …  
    11155236and v is at k = <b>nz+1</b> (u, v) while at k = <b>nz</b>
    11165237for all
    1117 other quantities.&nbsp; </p> <p>For parallel
     5238other quantities.&nbsp; </p>
     5239
     5240
     5241
     5242 
     5243     
     5244     
     5245     
     5246      <p>For parallel
    11185247runs,&nbsp; in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a>
    11195248= <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>,
    1120 <b>nz</b> must
     5249      <b>nz</b> must
    11215250be an integral multiple of
    11225251the number of processors in x-direction (due to data transposition
    1123 restrictions).</p> </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="ocean"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on&nbsp;ocean runs.<br><br>By default PALM is configured to simulate&nbsp;atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> allows&nbsp;simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:<br><br><ul><li>An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved.</li><li>Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density.</li><li>Potential
     5252restrictions).</p>
     5253
     5254
     5255
     5256 </td>
     5257
     5258
     5259
     5260 </tr>
     5261
     5262
     5263
     5264 <tr>
     5265
     5266
     5267
     5268      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="ocean"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></td>
     5269
     5270
     5271
     5272      <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     5273
     5274
     5275
     5276      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     5277
     5278
     5279
     5280      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on&nbsp;ocean runs.<br>
     5281
     5282
     5283
     5284      <br>
     5285
     5286
     5287
     5288By default PALM is configured to simulate&nbsp;atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> allows&nbsp;simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:<br>
     5289
     5290
     5291
     5292      <br>
     5293
     5294
     5295
     5296     
     5297     
     5298     
     5299      <ul>
     5300
     5301
     5302
     5303        <li>An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved.</li>
     5304
     5305
     5306
     5307        <li>Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density.</li>
     5308
     5309
     5310
     5311        <li>Potential
    11245312density is calculated from the equation of state for seawater after
    11255313each timestep, using the algorithm proposed by Jackett et al. (2006, J.
    1126 Atmos. Oceanic Technol., <span style="font-weight: bold;">23</span>, 1709-1728).<br>So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation.</li><li>z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">k=nzt</span> on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth.</li><li>Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> / <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>) starting from the sea surface, using surface values&nbsp;given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.</li><li>Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea.</li><li>If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).</li></ul><br>Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are <a href="#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>, <a href="#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>, and <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>.<br><br>Section <a href="chapter_4.2.2.html">4.4.2</a> gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> does not allow settings of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> as well as <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Current limitations:</span><br>Using
    1127 a vertical grid stretching is not recommended since it would still
    1128 stretch the grid towards the top boundary of the model (sea surface)
    1129 instead of the bottom boundary.</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="omega"></a><b>omega</b></p>
    1130 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1131 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>7.29212E-5</i></td>
    1132 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Angular
     5314Atmos. Oceanic Technol., <span style="font-weight: bold;">23</span>, 1709-1728).<br>
     5315
     5316
     5317
     5318So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation.</li>
     5319
     5320
     5321
     5322        <li>z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">k=nzt</span> on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth.</li>
     5323
     5324
     5325
     5326        <li>Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> / <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>) starting from the sea surface, using surface values&nbsp;given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.</li>
     5327
     5328
     5329
     5330        <li>Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea.</li>
     5331
     5332
     5333
     5334        <li>If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).</li>
     5335
     5336
     5337
     5338     
     5339     
     5340     
     5341      </ul>
     5342
     5343
     5344
     5345      <br>
     5346
     5347
     5348
     5349Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are <a href="#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>, <a href="#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>, and <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>.<br>
     5350
     5351
     5352
     5353      <br>
     5354
     5355
     5356
     5357Section <a href="chapter_4.2.2.html">4.4.2</a> gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.<br>
     5358
     5359
     5360
     5361      <br>
     5362
     5363
     5364
     5365      <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> does not allow settings of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> as well as <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>.<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br>
     5366      </td>
     5367
     5368
     5369
     5370    </tr>
     5371
     5372
     5373
     5374    <tr>
     5375
     5376
     5377
     5378 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5379     
     5380     
     5381     
     5382      <p><a name="omega"></a><b>omega</b></p>
     5383
     5384
     5385
     5386
     5387      </td>
     5388
     5389
     5390
     5391 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5392
     5393
     5394
     5395
     5396      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>7.29212E-5</i></td>
     5397
     5398
     5399
     5400
     5401      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5402     
     5403     
     5404     
     5405      <p>Angular
    11335406velocity of the rotating system (in rad s<sup>-1</sup>).&nbsp;
    1134 </p> <p>The angular velocity of the earth is set by
     5407      </p>
     5408
     5409
     5410
     5411 
     5412     
     5413     
     5414     
     5415      <p>The angular velocity of the earth is set by
    11355416default. The
    11365417values
    1137 of the Coriolis parameters are calculated as:&nbsp; </p> <ul>
    1138 <p>f = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * sin(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)&nbsp;
    1139 <br>f* = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * cos(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)</p>
    1140 </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="outflow_damping_width"></a><b>outflow_damping_width</b></p>
    1141 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1142 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20,
     5418of the Coriolis parameters are calculated as:&nbsp; </p>
     5419
     5420
     5421
     5422 
     5423     
     5424     
     5425     
     5426      <ul>
     5427
     5428
     5429
     5430
     5431       
     5432       
     5433       
     5434        <p>f = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * sin(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)&nbsp;
     5435        <br>
     5436
     5437
     5438
     5439f* = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * cos(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)</p>
     5440
     5441
     5442
     5443
     5444     
     5445     
     5446     
     5447      </ul>
     5448
     5449
     5450
     5451 </td>
     5452
     5453
     5454
     5455 </tr>
     5456
     5457
     5458
     5459 <tr>
     5460
     5461
     5462
     5463 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5464     
     5465     
     5466     
     5467      <p><a name="outflow_damping_width"></a><b>outflow_damping_width</b></p>
     5468
     5469
     5470
     5471
     5472      </td>
     5473
     5474
     5475
     5476 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5477
     5478
     5479
     5480
     5481      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20,
    11435482nx/2</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">ny/2)</span></td>
    1144 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Width of
     5483
     5484
     5485
     5486
     5487      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Width of
    11455488the damping range in the vicinity of the outflow (gridpoints).<br>
    1146 <br>
     5489
     5490
     5491
     5492
     5493      <br>
     5494
     5495
     5496
     5497
    11475498When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    11485499or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>),
    … …  
    11535504in gridpoints counted from the respective outflow boundary. For further
    11545505details about the smoothing see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a>,
    1155 which defines the magnitude of the damping.</td> </tr>
    1156 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="overshoot_limit_e"></a><b>overshoot_limit_e</b></p>
    1157 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1158 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1159 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Allowed limit
     5506which defines the magnitude of the damping.</td>
     5507
     5508
     5509
     5510 </tr>
     5511
     5512
     5513
     5514
     5515    <tr>
     5516
     5517
     5518
     5519 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5520     
     5521     
     5522     
     5523      <p><a name="overshoot_limit_e"></a><b>overshoot_limit_e</b></p>
     5524
     5525
     5526
     5527
     5528      </td>
     5529
     5530
     5531
     5532 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5533
     5534
     5535
     5536
     5537      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     5538
     5539
     5540
     5541
     5542      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5543     
     5544     
     5545     
     5546      <p>Allowed limit
    11605547for the overshooting of subgrid-scale TKE in
    11615548case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).&nbsp;
    1162 </p> <p>By deafult, if cut-off of overshoots is switched
     5549      </p>
     5550
     5551
     5552
     5553 
     5554     
     5555     
     5556     
     5557      <p>By deafult, if cut-off of overshoots is switched
    11635558on for the
    11645559upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>),
    … …  
    11665561is given a non-zero value, overshoots with the respective
    11675562amplitude (both upward and downward) are allowed.&nbsp; </p>
    1168 <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_e</b>.</p>
    1169 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="overshoot_limit_pt"></a><b>overshoot_limit_pt</b></p>
    1170 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1171 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1172 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Allowed limit
     5563
     5564
     5565
     5566
     5567     
     5568     
     5569     
     5570      <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_e</b>.</p>
     5571
     5572
     5573
     5574
     5575      </td>
     5576
     5577
     5578
     5579 </tr>
     5580
     5581
     5582
     5583 <tr>
     5584
     5585
     5586
     5587 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5588     
     5589     
     5590     
     5591      <p><a name="overshoot_limit_pt"></a><b>overshoot_limit_pt</b></p>
     5592
     5593
     5594
     5595
     5596      </td>
     5597
     5598
     5599
     5600 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5601
     5602
     5603
     5604
     5605      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     5606
     5607
     5608
     5609
     5610      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5611     
     5612     
     5613     
     5614      <p>Allowed limit
    11735615for the overshooting of potential temperature in
    11745616case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in K).&nbsp; </p>
    1175 <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
    1176 </p> <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_pt</b>.</p>
    1177 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="overshoot_limit_u"></a><b>overshoot_limit_u</b></p>
    1178 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1179 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1180 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed limit for the
     5617
     5618
     5619
     5620
     5621     
     5622     
     5623     
     5624      <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
     5625      </p>
     5626
     5627
     5628
     5629 
     5630     
     5631     
     5632     
     5633      <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_pt</b>.</p>
     5634
     5635
     5636
     5637
     5638      </td>
     5639
     5640
     5641
     5642 </tr>
     5643
     5644
     5645
     5646 <tr>
     5647
     5648
     5649
     5650 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5651     
     5652     
     5653     
     5654      <p><a name="overshoot_limit_u"></a><b>overshoot_limit_u</b></p>
     5655
     5656
     5657
     5658
     5659      </td>
     5660
     5661
     5662
     5663 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5664
     5665
     5666
     5667
     5668      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     5669
     5670
     5671
     5672
     5673      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed limit for the
    11815674overshooting of
    11825675the u-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is
    1183 switched on (in m/s). <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
    1184 </p> <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_u</b>.</p>
    1185 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="overshoot_limit_v"></a><b>overshoot_limit_v</b></p>
    1186 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1187 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1188 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Allowed limit
     5676switched on (in m/s).
     5677     
     5678     
     5679     
     5680      <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
     5681      </p>
     5682
     5683
     5684
     5685 
     5686     
     5687     
     5688     
     5689      <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_u</b>.</p>
     5690
     5691
     5692
     5693
     5694      </td>
     5695
     5696
     5697
     5698 </tr>
     5699
     5700
     5701
     5702 <tr>
     5703
     5704
     5705
     5706 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5707     
     5708     
     5709     
     5710      <p><a name="overshoot_limit_v"></a><b>overshoot_limit_v</b></p>
     5711
     5712
     5713
     5714
     5715      </td>
     5716
     5717
     5718
     5719 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5720
     5721
     5722
     5723
     5724      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     5725
     5726
     5727
     5728
     5729      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5730     
     5731     
     5732     
     5733      <p>Allowed limit
    11895734for the overshooting of the v-component of
    11905735velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on
    1191 (in m/s).&nbsp; </p> <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
    1192 </p> <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_v</b>.</p>
    1193 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="overshoot_limit_w"></a><b>overshoot_limit_w</b></p>
    1194 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1195 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1196 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Allowed limit
     5736(in m/s).&nbsp; </p>
     5737
     5738
     5739
     5740 
     5741     
     5742     
     5743     
     5744      <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
     5745      </p>
     5746
     5747
     5748
     5749 
     5750     
     5751     
     5752     
     5753      <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_v</b>.</p>
     5754
     5755
     5756
     5757
     5758      </td>
     5759
     5760
     5761
     5762 </tr>
     5763
     5764
     5765
     5766 <tr>
     5767
     5768
     5769
     5770 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5771     
     5772     
     5773     
     5774      <p><a name="overshoot_limit_w"></a><b>overshoot_limit_w</b></p>
     5775
     5776
     5777
     5778
     5779      </td>
     5780
     5781
     5782
     5783 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5784
     5785
     5786
     5787
     5788      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     5789
     5790
     5791
     5792
     5793      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5794     
     5795     
     5796     
     5797      <p>Allowed limit
    11975798for the overshooting of the w-component of
    11985799velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on
    1199 (in m/s).&nbsp; </p> <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
    1200 </p> <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>overshoot_limit_w</b>.</p>
    1201 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="passive_scalar"></a><b>passive_scalar</b></p>
    1202 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    1203 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    1204 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to
     5800(in m/s).&nbsp; </p>
     5801
     5802
     5803
     5804 
     5805     
     5806     
     5807     
     5808      <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>.&nbsp;
     5809      </p>
     5810
     5811
     5812
     5813 
     5814     
     5815     
     5816     
     5817      <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>overshoot_limit_w</b>.</p>
     5818
     5819
     5820
     5821
     5822      </td>
     5823
     5824
     5825
     5826 </tr>
     5827
     5828
     5829
     5830 <tr>
     5831
     5832
     5833
     5834 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5835     
     5836     
     5837     
     5838      <p><a name="passive_scalar"></a><b>passive_scalar</b></p>
     5839
     5840
     5841
     5842
     5843      </td>
     5844
     5845
     5846
     5847 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     5848
     5849
     5850
     5851
     5852      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     5853
     5854
     5855
     5856
     5857      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5858     
     5859     
     5860     
     5861      <p>Parameter to
    12055862switch on the prognostic equation for a passive
    1206 scalar. <br> </p> <p>The initial vertical profile
     5863scalar. <br>
     5864
     5865
     5866
     5867 </p>
     5868
     5869
     5870
     5871 
     5872     
     5873     
     5874     
     5875      <p>The initial vertical profile
    12075876of s can be set via parameters <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>,
    1208 <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>
     5877      <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>
    12095878and&nbsp; <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>.
    12105879Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>
    12115880and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>.&nbsp;
    1212 </p> <p><b>Note:</b> <br>
     5881      </p>
     5882
     5883
     5884
     5885 
     5886     
     5887     
     5888     
     5889      <p><b>Note:</b> <br>
     5890
     5891
     5892
     5893
    12135894With <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span>
    12145895switched
    12155896on, the simultaneous use of humidity (see&nbsp;<a href="#humidity">humidity</a>)
    1216 is impossible.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="phi"></a><b>phi</b></p>
    1217 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1218 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>55.0</i></td>
    1219 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Geographical
    1220 latitude (in degrees).&nbsp; </p> <p>The value of
     5897is impossible.</p>
     5898
     5899
     5900
     5901 </td>
     5902
     5903
     5904
     5905 </tr>
     5906
     5907
     5908
     5909 <tr>
     5910
     5911
     5912
     5913 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5914     
     5915     
     5916     
     5917      <p><a name="phi"></a><b>phi</b></p>
     5918
     5919
     5920
     5921
     5922      </td>
     5923
     5924
     5925
     5926 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5927
     5928
     5929
     5930
     5931      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>55.0</i></td>
     5932
     5933
     5934
     5935
     5936      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5937     
     5938     
     5939     
     5940      <p>Geographical
     5941latitude (in degrees).&nbsp; </p>
     5942
     5943
     5944
     5945 
     5946     
     5947     
     5948     
     5949      <p>The value of
    12215950this parameter determines the value of the
    12225951Coriolis parameters f and f*, provided that the angular velocity (see <a href="#omega">omega</a>)
    1223 is non-zero.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="prandtl_layer"></a><b>prandtl_layer</b></p>
    1224 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    1225 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td>
    1226 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to
    1227 switch on a Prandtl layer.&nbsp; </p> <p>By default,
     5952is non-zero.</p>
     5953
     5954
     5955
     5956 </td>
     5957
     5958
     5959
     5960 </tr>
     5961
     5962
     5963
     5964 <tr>
     5965
     5966
     5967
     5968 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5969     
     5970     
     5971     
     5972      <p><a name="prandtl_layer"></a><b>prandtl_layer</b></p>
     5973
     5974
     5975
     5976
     5977      </td>
     5978
     5979
     5980
     5981 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     5982
     5983
     5984
     5985
     5986      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td>
     5987
     5988
     5989
     5990
     5991      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5992     
     5993     
     5994     
     5995      <p>Parameter to
     5996switch on a Prandtl layer.&nbsp; </p>
     5997
     5998
     5999
     6000 
     6001     
     6002     
     6003     
     6004      <p>By default,
    12286005a Prandtl layer is switched on at the bottom
    12296006boundary between z = 0 and z = 0.5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a>
    … …  
    12346011are not allowed. Likewise, laminar
    12356012simulations with constant eddy diffusivities (<a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>)
    1236 are forbidden.&nbsp; </p> <p>With Prandtl-layer
     6013are forbidden.&nbsp; </p>
     6014
     6015
     6016
     6017 
     6018     
     6019     
     6020     
     6021      <p>With Prandtl-layer
    12376022switched off, the TKE boundary condition <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a>
    12386023= '<i>(u*)**2+neumann'</i> must not be used and is
    … …  
    12426027boundary condition <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>
    12436028= <i>'neumann+inhomo'</i>&nbsp; is not allowed. </p>
    1244 <p>The roughness length is declared via the parameter <a href="#roughness_length">roughness_length</a>.</p>
    1245 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="precipitation"></a><b>precipitation</b></p>
    1246 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    1247 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to switch
    1248 on the precipitation scheme.<br> </p> <p>For
     6029
     6030
     6031
     6032
     6033     
     6034     
     6035     
     6036      <p>The roughness length is declared via the parameter <a href="#roughness_length">roughness_length</a>.</p>
     6037
     6038
     6039
     6040
     6041      </td>
     6042
     6043
     6044
     6045 </tr>
     6046
     6047
     6048
     6049 <tr>
     6050
     6051
     6052
     6053 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6054     
     6055     
     6056     
     6057      <p><a name="precipitation"></a><b>precipitation</b></p>
     6058
     6059
     6060
     6061
     6062      </td>
     6063
     6064
     6065
     6066 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     6067
     6068
     6069
     6070
     6071      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     6072
     6073
     6074
     6075 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6076     
     6077     
     6078     
     6079      <p>Parameter to switch
     6080on the precipitation scheme.<br>
     6081
     6082
     6083
     6084 </p>
     6085
     6086
     6087
     6088 
     6089     
     6090     
     6091     
     6092      <p>For
    12496093precipitation processes PALM uses a simplified Kessler
    12506094scheme. This scheme only considers the
    … …  
    12526096coagulation of cloud drops among themselves. Precipitation begins and
    12536097is immediately removed from the flow as soon as the liquid water
    1254 content exceeds the critical value of 0.5 g/kg.</p><p>The precipitation rate and amount can be output by assigning the runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'prr*'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'pra*'</span>, respectively. The time interval on which the precipitation amount is defined can be controlled via runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a>.</p> </td> </tr>
    1255 <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pt_reference"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">use horizontal average as
    1256 refrence</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Reference
    1257 temperature to be used in all buoyancy terms (in K).<br><br>By
     6098content exceeds the critical value of 0.5 g/kg.</p>
     6099
     6100
     6101
     6102     
     6103     
     6104     
     6105      <p>The precipitation rate and amount can be output by assigning the runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'prr*'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'pra*'</span>, respectively. The time interval on which the precipitation amount is defined can be controlled via runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a>.</p>
     6106
     6107
     6108
     6109 </td>
     6110
     6111
     6112
     6113 </tr>
     6114
     6115
     6116
     6117
     6118    <tr>
     6119
     6120
     6121
     6122      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pt_reference"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span></td>
     6123
     6124
     6125
     6126      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6127
     6128
     6129
     6130      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">use horizontal average as
     6131refrence</span></td>
     6132
     6133
     6134
     6135      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Reference
     6136temperature to be used in all buoyancy terms (in K).<br>
     6137
     6138
     6139
     6140      <br>
     6141
     6142
     6143
     6144By
    12586145default, the instantaneous horizontal average over the total model
    1259 domain is used.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), always a reference temperature is used in the buoyancy terms with a default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span> = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>.</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pt_surface"></a><b>pt_surface</b></p>
    1260 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1261 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>300.0</i></td>
    1262 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Surface
    1263 potential temperature (in K).&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     6146domain is used.<br>
     6147
     6148
     6149
     6150      <br>
     6151
     6152
     6153
     6154      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     6155
     6156
     6157
     6158In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), always a reference temperature is used in the buoyancy terms with a default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span> = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>.</td>
     6159
     6160
     6161
     6162    </tr>
     6163
     6164
     6165
     6166    <tr>
     6167
     6168
     6169
     6170 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6171     
     6172     
     6173     
     6174      <p><a name="pt_surface"></a><b>pt_surface</b></p>
     6175
     6176
     6177
     6178
     6179      </td>
     6180
     6181
     6182
     6183 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6184
     6185
     6186
     6187
     6188      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>300.0</i></td>
     6189
     6190
     6191
     6192
     6193      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6194     
     6195     
     6196     
     6197      <p>Surface
     6198potential temperature (in K).&nbsp; </p>
     6199
     6200
     6201
     6202 
     6203     
     6204     
     6205     
     6206      <p>This
    12646207parameter assigns the value of the potential temperature
    1265 <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value,
     6208      <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value,
    12666209the
    12676210initial vertical temperature profile is constructed with <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>
    12686211and <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level
    1269 </a>.
    1270 This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs (see <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>),
     6212      </a>.
     6213This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p>
     6214
     6215
     6216
     6217     
     6218     
     6219     
     6220      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     6221
     6222
     6223
     6224In case of ocean runs (see <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>),
    12716225this parameter gives the temperature value at the sea surface, which is
    12726226at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the
    12736227bottom of the model.</p>
    1274 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pt_surface_initial_change"></a><b>pt_surface_initial</b>
    1275 <br> <b>_change</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> </td>
    1276 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Change in
     6228
     6229
     6230
     6231
     6232      </td>
     6233
     6234
     6235
     6236 </tr>
     6237
     6238
     6239
     6240 <tr>
     6241
     6242
     6243
     6244 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6245     
     6246     
     6247     
     6248      <p><a name="pt_surface_initial_change"></a><b>pt_surface_initial</b>
     6249      <br>
     6250
     6251
     6252
     6253 <b>_change</b></p>
     6254
     6255
     6256
     6257 </td>
     6258
     6259
     6260
     6261 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6262
     6263
     6264
     6265 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     6266
     6267
     6268
     6269 </td>
     6270
     6271
     6272
     6273
     6274      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6275     
     6276     
     6277     
     6278      <p>Change in
    12776279surface temperature to be made at the beginning of
    12786280the 3d run
    1279 (in K).&nbsp; </p> <p>If <b>pt_surface_initial_change</b>
     6281(in K).&nbsp; </p>
     6282
     6283
     6284
     6285 
     6286     
     6287     
     6288     
     6289      <p>If <b>pt_surface_initial_change</b>
    12806290is set to a non-zero
    12816291value, the near surface sensible heat flux is not allowed to be given
    12826292simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>).</p>
    1283 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b></p>
    1284 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
    1285 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td>
    1286 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Temperature
     6293
     6294
     6295
     6296
     6297      </td>
     6298
     6299
     6300
     6301 </tr>
     6302
     6303
     6304
     6305 <tr>
     6306
     6307
     6308
     6309 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6310     
     6311     
     6312     
     6313      <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b></p>
     6314
     6315
     6316
     6317
     6318      </td>
     6319
     6320
     6321
     6322 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     6323
     6324
     6325
     6326
     6327      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td>
     6328
     6329
     6330
     6331
     6332      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6333     
     6334     
     6335     
     6336      <p>Temperature
    12876337gradient(s) of the initial temperature profile (in
    12886338K
    1289 / 100 m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This temperature gradient
     6339/ 100 m).&nbsp; </p>
     6340
     6341
     6342
     6343 
     6344     
     6345     
     6346     
     6347      <p>This temperature gradient
    12906348holds starting from the height&nbsp;
    12916349level defined by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>
    … …  
    12996357= <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface temperature is
    13006358assigned via <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>.&nbsp;
    1301 </p> <p>Example:&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>
     6359      </p>
     6360
     6361
     6362
     6363 
     6364     
     6365     
     6366     
     6367      <p>Example:&nbsp; </p>
     6368
     6369
     6370
     6371 
     6372     
     6373     
     6374     
     6375      <ul>
     6376
     6377
     6378
     6379 
     6380       
     6381       
     6382       
     6383        <p><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>
    13026384= <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>,&nbsp; <br>
    1303 <b>pt_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>,
    1304 <i>1000.0</i>,</p> </ul> <p>That
     6385
     6386
     6387
     6388
     6389        <b>pt_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>,
     6390        <i>1000.0</i>,</p>
     6391
     6392
     6393
     6394 
     6395     
     6396     
     6397     
     6398      </ul>
     6399
     6400
     6401
     6402 
     6403     
     6404     
     6405     
     6406      <p>That
    13056407defines the temperature profile to be neutrally
    13066408stratified
    … …  
    13106412100 m and for z &gt; 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is
    131164130.5 K / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond
    1312 with uv levels).</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
     6414with uv levels).</p>
     6415
     6416
     6417
     6418     
     6419     
     6420     
     6421      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     6422
     6423
     6424
     6425In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
    13136426the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the
    13146427sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height
    1315 levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>
    1316 <br> <b>_level</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>10 *</i>&nbsp;
    1317 <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
    1318 </p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1319 <p>Height level from which on the temperature gradient defined by
    1320 <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>
    1321 is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The
     6428levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</p>
     6429
     6430
     6431
     6432 </td>
     6433
     6434
     6435
     6436 </tr>
     6437
     6438
     6439
     6440 <tr>
     6441
     6442
     6443
     6444 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6445     
     6446     
     6447     
     6448      <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>
     6449      <br>
     6450
     6451
     6452
     6453 <b>_level</b></p>
     6454
     6455
     6456
     6457 </td>
     6458
     6459
     6460
     6461 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     6462
     6463
     6464
     6465 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6466     
     6467     
     6468     
     6469      <p><i>10 *</i>&nbsp;
     6470      <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     6471
     6472
     6473
     6474
     6475      </p>
     6476
     6477
     6478
     6479 </td>
     6480
     6481
     6482
     6483 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6484     
     6485     
     6486     
     6487      <p>Height level from which on the temperature gradient defined by
     6488      <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>
     6489is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     6490
     6491
     6492
     6493 
     6494     
     6495     
     6496     
     6497      <p>The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The
    13226498default values result in a neutral stratification regardless of the
    13236499values of <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>
    13246500(unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m).
    1325 For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>.</p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs&nbsp;(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.
    1326 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="q_surface"></a><b>q_surface</b></p>
    1327 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1328 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1329 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Surface
    1330 specific humidity / total water content (kg/kg).&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     6501For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>.</p>
     6502
     6503
     6504
     6505      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     6506
     6507
     6508
     6509In case of ocean runs&nbsp;(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.
     6510      </td>
     6511
     6512
     6513
     6514 </tr>
     6515
     6516
     6517
     6518 <tr>
     6519
     6520
     6521
     6522 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6523     
     6524     
     6525     
     6526      <p><a name="q_surface"></a><b>q_surface</b></p>
     6527
     6528
     6529
     6530
     6531      </td>
     6532
     6533
     6534
     6535 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6536
     6537
     6538
     6539
     6540      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     6541
     6542
     6543
     6544
     6545      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6546     
     6547     
     6548     
     6549      <p>Surface
     6550specific humidity / total water content (kg/kg).&nbsp; </p>
     6551
     6552
     6553
     6554 
     6555     
     6556     
     6557     
     6558      <p>This
    13316559parameter assigns the value of the specific humidity q at
    13326560the surface (k=0).&nbsp; Starting from this value, the initial
    … …  
    13356563and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>.
    13366564This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p>
    1337 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="q_surface_initial_change"></a><b>q_surface_initial</b>
    1338 <br> <b>_change</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1339 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Change in
     6565
     6566
     6567
     6568
     6569      </td>
     6570
     6571
     6572
     6573 </tr>
     6574
     6575
     6576
     6577 <tr>
     6578
     6579
     6580
     6581 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6582     
     6583     
     6584     
     6585      <p><a name="q_surface_initial_change"></a><b>q_surface_initial</b>
     6586      <br>
     6587
     6588
     6589
     6590 <b>_change</b></p>
     6591
     6592
     6593
     6594 </td>
     6595
     6596
     6597
     6598 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     6599
     6600
     6601
     6602 </td>
     6603
     6604
     6605
     6606 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     6607
     6608
     6609
     6610
     6611      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6612     
     6613     
     6614     
     6615      <p>Change in
    13406616surface specific humidity / total water content to
    13416617be made at the beginning
    1342 of the 3d run (kg/kg).&nbsp; </p> <p>If <b>q_surface_initial_change</b><i>
    1343 </i>is set to a
     6618of the 3d run (kg/kg).&nbsp; </p>
     6619
     6620
     6621
     6622 
     6623     
     6624     
     6625     
     6626      <p>If <b>q_surface_initial_change</b><i>
     6627      </i>is set to a
    13446628non-zero value the
    13456629near surface latent heat flux (water flux) is not allowed to be given
    13466630simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>).</p>
    1347 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b></p>
    1348 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
    1349 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td>
    1350 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Humidity
     6631
     6632
     6633
     6634
     6635      </td>
     6636
     6637
     6638
     6639 </tr>
     6640
     6641
     6642
     6643 <tr>
     6644
     6645
     6646
     6647 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6648     
     6649     
     6650     
     6651      <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b></p>
     6652
     6653
     6654
     6655
     6656      </td>
     6657
     6658
     6659
     6660 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     6661
     6662
     6663
     6664
     6665      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td>
     6666
     6667
     6668
     6669
     6670      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6671     
     6672     
     6673     
     6674      <p>Humidity
    13516675gradient(s) of the initial humidity profile
    1352 (in 1/100 m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This humidity gradient
     6676(in 1/100 m).&nbsp; </p>
     6677
     6678
     6679
     6680 
     6681     
     6682     
     6683     
     6684      <p>This humidity gradient
    13536685holds starting from the height
    13546686level&nbsp; defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>
    … …  
    13636695assigned
    13646696via <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. </p>
    1365 <p>Example:&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p><b>q_vertical_gradient</b>
     6697
     6698
     6699
     6700
     6701     
     6702     
     6703     
     6704      <p>Example:&nbsp; </p>
     6705
     6706
     6707
     6708 
     6709     
     6710     
     6711     
     6712      <ul>
     6713
     6714
     6715
     6716 
     6717       
     6718       
     6719       
     6720        <p><b>q_vertical_gradient</b>
    13666721= <i>0.001</i>, <i>0.0005</i>,&nbsp; <br>
    1367 <b>q_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>,
    1368 <i>1000.0</i>,</p> </ul>
     6722
     6723
     6724
     6725
     6726        <b>q_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>,
     6727        <i>1000.0</i>,</p>
     6728
     6729
     6730
     6731 
     6732     
     6733     
     6734     
     6735      </ul>
     6736
     6737
     6738
     6739
    13696740That defines the humidity to be constant with height up to z =
    13706741500.0
    … …  
    137667470.0005 / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels
    13776748correspond with uv
    1378 levels). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b>
    1379 <br> <b>_level</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>10 *</i>&nbsp;
    1380 <i>0.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Height level from
     6749levels). </td>
     6750
     6751
     6752
     6753 </tr>
     6754
     6755
     6756
     6757 <tr>
     6758
     6759
     6760
     6761 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6762     
     6763     
     6764     
     6765      <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b>
     6766      <br>
     6767
     6768
     6769
     6770 <b>_level</b></p>
     6771
     6772
     6773
     6774 </td>
     6775
     6776
     6777
     6778 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     6779
     6780
     6781
     6782 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6783     
     6784     
     6785     
     6786      <p><i>10 *</i>&nbsp;
     6787      <i>0.0</i></p>
     6788
     6789
     6790
     6791 </td>
     6792
     6793
     6794
     6795 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6796     
     6797     
     6798     
     6799      <p>Height level from
    13816800which on the humidity gradient defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>
    1382 is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>The height levels
     6801is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     6802
     6803
     6804
     6805 
     6806     
     6807     
     6808     
     6809      <p>The height levels
    13836810are to be assigned in ascending order. The
    13846811default values result in a humidity constant with height regardless of
    … …  
    13866813(unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For
    13876814the piecewise construction of humidity profiles see <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>.</p>
    1388 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="radiation"></a><b>radiation</b></p>
    1389 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    1390 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    1391 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to
     6815
     6816
     6817
     6818
     6819      </td>
     6820
     6821
     6822
     6823 </tr>
     6824
     6825
     6826
     6827 <tr>
     6828
     6829
     6830
     6831 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6832     
     6833     
     6834     
     6835      <p><a name="radiation"></a><b>radiation</b></p>
     6836
     6837
     6838
     6839
     6840      </td>
     6841
     6842
     6843
     6844 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     6845
     6846
     6847
     6848
     6849      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     6850
     6851
     6852
     6853
     6854      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6855     
     6856     
     6857     
     6858      <p>Parameter to
    13926859switch on longwave radiation cooling at
    1393 cloud-tops.&nbsp; </p> <p>Long-wave radiation
     6860cloud-tops.&nbsp; </p>
     6861
     6862
     6863
     6864 
     6865     
     6866     
     6867     
     6868      <p>Long-wave radiation
    13946869processes are parameterized by the
    13956870effective emissivity, which considers only the absorption and emission
    13966871of long-wave radiation at cloud droplets. The radiation scheme can be
    13976872used only with <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
    1398 = .TRUE. .</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="random_generator"></a><b>random_generator</b></p>
    1399 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    1400 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>'numerical</i><br>
    1401 <i>recipes'</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Random number
     6873= .TRUE. .</p>
     6874
     6875
     6876
     6877 </td>
     6878
     6879
     6880
     6881 </tr>
     6882
     6883
     6884
     6885 <tr>
     6886
     6887
     6888
     6889 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6890     
     6891     
     6892     
     6893      <p><a name="random_generator"></a><b>random_generator</b></p>
     6894
     6895
     6896
     6897
     6898      </td>
     6899
     6900
     6901
     6902 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     6903
     6904
     6905
     6906
     6907      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6908     
     6909     
     6910     
     6911      <p><i>'numerical</i><br>
     6912
     6913
     6914
     6915
     6916      <i>recipes'</i></p>
     6917
     6918
     6919
     6920 </td>
     6921
     6922
     6923
     6924 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6925     
     6926     
     6927     
     6928      <p>Random number
    14026929generator to be used for creating uniformly
    1403 distributed random numbers. <br> </p> <p>It is
     6930distributed random numbers. <br>
     6931
     6932
     6933
     6934 </p>
     6935
     6936
     6937
     6938 
     6939     
     6940     
     6941     
     6942      <p>It is
    14046943used if random perturbations are to be imposed on the
    14056944velocity field or on the surface heat flux field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>
    … …  
    14086947This one provides exactly the same order of random numbers on all
    14096948different machines and should be used in particular for comparison runs.<br>
    1410 <br>
     6949
     6950
     6951
     6952
     6953      <br>
     6954
     6955
     6956
     6957
    14116958Besides, a system-specific generator is available ( <b>random_generator</b>
    14126959= <i>'system-specific')</i> which should particularly be
    … …  
    14146961on vector parallel computers (NEC), because the default generator
    14156962cannot be vectorized and therefore significantly drops down the code
    1416 performance on these machines.<br> </p> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     6963performance on these machines.<br>
     6964
     6965
     6966
     6967 </p>
     6968
     6969
     6970
     6971 <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     6972
     6973
     6974
     6975
    14176976Results from two otherwise identical model runs will not be comparable
    1418 one-to-one if they used different random number generators.</td> </tr>
    1419 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="random_heatflux"></a><b>random_heatflux</b></p>
    1420 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    1421 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    1422 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to
     6977one-to-one if they used different random number generators.</td>
     6978
     6979
     6980
     6981 </tr>
     6982
     6983
     6984
     6985
     6986    <tr>
     6987
     6988
     6989
     6990 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6991     
     6992     
     6993     
     6994      <p><a name="random_heatflux"></a><b>random_heatflux</b></p>
     6995
     6996
     6997
     6998
     6999      </td>
     7000
     7001
     7002
     7003 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     7004
     7005
     7006
     7007
     7008      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     7009
     7010
     7011
     7012
     7013      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7014     
     7015     
     7016     
     7017      <p>Parameter to
    14237018impose random perturbations on the internal two-dimensional near
    14247019surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>.
    1425 <br> </p>If a near surface heat flux is used as bottom
     7020      <br>
     7021
     7022
     7023
     7024 </p>
     7025
     7026
     7027
     7028If a near surface heat flux is used as bottom
    14267029boundary
    14277030condition (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>),
    … …  
    14347037values at each mesh point with a normally distributed random number
    14357038with a mean value and standard deviation of 1. This is repeated after
    1436 every timestep.<br> <br>
     7039every timestep.<br>
     7040
     7041
     7042
     7043 <br>
     7044
     7045
     7046
     7047
    14377048In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>,&nbsp;assigning
    1438 <b>random_heatflux</b>
     7049      <b>random_heatflux</b>
    14397050= <i>.T.</i> imposes random perturbations on the
    14407051combined&nbsp;heat
    … …  
    14427053composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>
    14437054at the bottom surface and <a href="#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux(0)</a>
    1444 at the topography top face.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="rif_max"></a><b>rif_max</b></p>
    1445 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1446 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
    1447 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Upper limit of
    1448 the flux-Richardson number.&nbsp; </p> <p>With the
     7055at the topography top face.</td>
     7056
     7057
     7058
     7059 </tr>
     7060
     7061
     7062
     7063 <tr>
     7064
     7065
     7066
     7067 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7068     
     7069     
     7070     
     7071      <p><a name="rif_max"></a><b>rif_max</b></p>
     7072
     7073
     7074
     7075
     7076      </td>
     7077
     7078
     7079
     7080 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7081
     7082
     7083
     7084
     7085      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
     7086
     7087
     7088
     7089
     7090      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7091     
     7092     
     7093     
     7094      <p>Upper limit of
     7095the flux-Richardson number.&nbsp; </p>
     7096
     7097
     7098
     7099 
     7100     
     7101     
     7102     
     7103      <p>With the
    14497104Prandtl layer switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>),
    14507105flux-Richardson numbers (rif) are calculated for z=z<sub>p</sub>
    … …  
    14597114for the flux-Richardson number. The condition <b>rif_max</b>
    14607115&gt; <b>rif_min</b>
    1461 must be met.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="rif_min"></a><b>rif_min</b></p>
    1462 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1463 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>- 5.0</i></td>
    1464 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Lower limit of
    1465 the flux-Richardson number.&nbsp; </p> <p>For further
     7116must be met.</p>
     7117
     7118
     7119
     7120 </td>
     7121
     7122
     7123
     7124 </tr>
     7125
     7126
     7127
     7128 <tr>
     7129
     7130
     7131
     7132 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7133     
     7134     
     7135     
     7136      <p><a name="rif_min"></a><b>rif_min</b></p>
     7137
     7138
     7139
     7140
     7141      </td>
     7142
     7143
     7144
     7145 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7146
     7147
     7148
     7149
     7150      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>- 5.0</i></td>
     7151
     7152
     7153
     7154
     7155      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7156     
     7157     
     7158     
     7159      <p>Lower limit of
     7160the flux-Richardson number.&nbsp; </p>
     7161
     7162
     7163
     7164 
     7165     
     7166     
     7167     
     7168      <p>For further
    14667169explanations see <a href="#rif_max">rif_max</a>.
    14677170The condition <b>rif_max</b> &gt; <b>rif_min </b>must
    1468 be met.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="roughness_length"></a><b>roughness_length</b></p>
    1469 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1470 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.1</i></td>
    1471 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Roughness
    1472 length (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter is
     7171be met.</p>
     7172
     7173
     7174
     7175 </td>
     7176
     7177
     7178
     7179 </tr>
     7180
     7181
     7182
     7183 <tr>
     7184
     7185
     7186
     7187 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7188     
     7189     
     7190     
     7191      <p><a name="roughness_length"></a><b>roughness_length</b></p>
     7192
     7193
     7194
     7195
     7196      </td>
     7197
     7198
     7199
     7200 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7201
     7202
     7203
     7204
     7205      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.1</i></td>
     7206
     7207
     7208
     7209
     7210      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7211     
     7212     
     7213     
     7214      <p>Roughness
     7215length (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     7216
     7217
     7218
     7219 
     7220     
     7221     
     7222     
     7223      <p>This parameter is
    14737224effective only in case that a Prandtl layer
    14747225is switched
    14757226on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>).</p>
    1476 </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_surface</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Surface salinity (in psu).&nbsp;</p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).<p>This
     7227
     7228
     7229
     7230
     7231      </td>
     7232
     7233
     7234
     7235 </tr>
     7236
     7237
     7238
     7239 <tr>
     7240
     7241
     7242
     7243      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_surface</span></td>
     7244
     7245
     7246
     7247      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7248
     7249
     7250
     7251      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span></td>
     7252
     7253
     7254
     7255      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7256     
     7257     
     7258     
     7259      <p>Surface salinity (in psu).&nbsp;</p>
     7260
     7261
     7262
     7263This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).
     7264     
     7265     
     7266     
     7267      <p>This
    14777268parameter assigns the value of the salinity <span style="font-weight: bold;">sa</span> at the sea surface (k=nzt)<b>.</b> Starting from this value,
    14787269the
    14797270initial vertical salinity profile is constructed from the surface down to the bottom of the model (k=0) by using&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>
    14807271and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level
    1481 </a>.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Salinity gradient(s) of the initial salinity profile (in psu
    1482 / 100 m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p><p>This salinity gradient
     7272      </a>.</p>
     7273
     7274
     7275
     7276      </td>
     7277
     7278
     7279
     7280    </tr>
     7281
     7282
     7283
     7284    <tr>
     7285
     7286
     7287
     7288      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient</span></td>
     7289
     7290
     7291
     7292      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td>
     7293
     7294
     7295
     7296      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td>
     7297
     7298
     7299
     7300      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7301     
     7302     
     7303     
     7304      <p>Salinity gradient(s) of the initial salinity profile (in psu
     7305/ 100 m).&nbsp; </p>
     7306
     7307
     7308
     7309 
     7310     
     7311     
     7312     
     7313      <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p>
     7314
     7315
     7316
     7317     
     7318     
     7319     
     7320      <p>This salinity gradient
    14837321holds starting from the height&nbsp;
    14847322level defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>
    … …  
    14917329= <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface salinity at k=nzt is
    14927330assigned via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>.&nbsp;
    1493 </p> <p>Example:&nbsp; </p> <ul><p><b>sa_vertical_gradient</b>
     7331      </p>
     7332
     7333
     7334
     7335 
     7336     
     7337     
     7338     
     7339      <p>Example:&nbsp; </p>
     7340
     7341
     7342
     7343 
     7344     
     7345     
     7346     
     7347      <ul>
     7348
     7349
     7350
     7351       
     7352       
     7353       
     7354        <p><b>sa_vertical_gradient</b>
    14947355= <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>,&nbsp; <br>
    1495 <b>sa_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>-500.0</i>,
    1496 -<i>1000.0</i>,</p></ul> <p>That
     7356
     7357
     7358
     7359
     7360        <b>sa_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>-500.0</i>,
     7361-<i>1000.0</i>,</p>
     7362
     7363
     7364
     7365     
     7366     
     7367     
     7368      </ul>
     7369
     7370
     7371
     7372 
     7373     
     7374     
     7375     
     7376      <p>That
    14977377defines the salinity to be constant down to z = -500.0 m with a salinity given by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>.
    14987378For -500.0 m &lt; z &lt;= -1000.0 m the salinity gradient is
    … …  
    15007380100 m and for z &lt; -1000.0 m down to the bottom boundary it is
    150173810.5 psu / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond
    1502 with uv levels).</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient_level</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Height level from which on the salinity gradient defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>
    1503 is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p><p>The height levels have to be assigned in descending order. The
     7382with uv levels).</p>
     7383
     7384
     7385
     7386      </td>
     7387
     7388
     7389
     7390    </tr>
     7391
     7392
     7393
     7394    <tr>
     7395
     7396
     7397
     7398      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient_level</span></td>
     7399
     7400
     7401
     7402      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td>
     7403
     7404
     7405
     7406      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td>
     7407
     7408
     7409
     7410      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7411     
     7412     
     7413     
     7414      <p>Height level from which on the salinity gradient defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>
     7415is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     7416
     7417
     7418
     7419 
     7420     
     7421     
     7422     
     7423      <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p>
     7424
     7425
     7426
     7427     
     7428     
     7429     
     7430      <p>The height levels have to be assigned in descending order. The
    15047431default values result in a constant salinity profile regardless of the
    15057432values of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>
    15067433(unless the bottom boundary of the model is lower than -100000.0 m).
    1507 For the piecewise construction of salinity profiles see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>.</p></td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="scalar_advec"></a><b>scalar_advec</b></p>
    1508 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
    1509 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td>
    1510 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Advection
    1511 scheme to be used for the scalar quantities.&nbsp; </p> <p>The
    1512 user can choose between the following schemes:<br> </p> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br>
    1513 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of
     7434For the piecewise construction of salinity profiles see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>.</p>
     7435
     7436
     7437
     7438      </td>
     7439
     7440
     7441
     7442    </tr>
     7443
     7444
     7445
     7446    <tr>
     7447
     7448
     7449
     7450 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7451     
     7452     
     7453     
     7454      <p><a name="scalar_advec"></a><b>scalar_advec</b></p>
     7455
     7456
     7457
     7458
     7459      </td>
     7460
     7461
     7462
     7463 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
     7464
     7465
     7466
     7467
     7468      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td>
     7469
     7470
     7471
     7472
     7473      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7474     
     7475     
     7476     
     7477      <p>Advection
     7478scheme to be used for the scalar quantities.&nbsp; </p>
     7479
     7480
     7481
     7482 
     7483     
     7484     
     7485     
     7486      <p>The
     7487user can choose between the following schemes:<br>
     7488
     7489
     7490
     7491 </p>
     7492
     7493
     7494
     7495 
     7496     
     7497     
     7498     
     7499      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br>
     7500
     7501
     7502
     7503
     7504      </p>
     7505
     7506
     7507
     7508 
     7509     
     7510     
     7511     
     7512      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of
    15147513Piascek and
    15157514Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6,
    15167515392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br>
     7516
     7517
     7518
     7519
    15177520If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>
    15187521= <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span>
    15197522the
    15207523advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched
    1521 to an upstream-scheme. <br> </div> <br> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'bc-scheme'</span><br>
    1522 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The Bott
     7524to an upstream-scheme. <br>
     7525
     7526
     7527
     7528 </div>
     7529
     7530
     7531
     7532 <br>
     7533
     7534
     7535
     7536 
     7537     
     7538     
     7539     
     7540      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'bc-scheme'</span><br>
     7541
     7542
     7543
     7544
     7545      </p>
     7546
     7547
     7548
     7549 
     7550     
     7551     
     7552     
     7553      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The Bott
    15237554scheme modified by
    15247555Chlond (1994, Mon.
    … …  
    15397570too inaccurate with this scheme. However, for subdomain analysis (see <a href="#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>)
    15407571exactly the reverse holds: here <i>'w*pt*BC'</i> and <i>'wptBC'</i>
    1541 show very large errors and should not be used.<br> <br>
     7572show very large errors and should not be used.<br>
     7573
     7574
     7575
     7576 <br>
     7577
     7578
     7579
     7580
    15427581This scheme is not allowed for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions
    15437582(see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    1544 and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> <br>
    1545 </div> <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br>
    1546 <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The upstream-spline-scheme
     7583and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br>
     7584
     7585
     7586
     7587 <br>
     7588
     7589
     7590
     7591
     7592      </div>
     7593
     7594
     7595
     7596 <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br>
     7597
     7598
     7599
     7600
     7601     
     7602     
     7603     
     7604      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The upstream-spline-scheme
    15477605is used
    15487606(see Mahrer and Pielke,
    … …  
    15607618because otherwise the momentum would
    15617619be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream
    1562 scheme.&nbsp; </p> <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since
     7620scheme.&nbsp; </p>
     7621
     7622
     7623
     7624 
     7625     
     7626     
     7627     
     7628      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since
    15637629the cubic splines used tend
    15647630to overshoot under
    15657631certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable
    15667632filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>,
    1567 <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>,
    1568 <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>).
     7633      <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>,
     7634      <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>).
    15697635This is always neccesssary for runs with stable stratification,
    15707636even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model
    1571 domain.&nbsp; </p> <p style="margin-left: 40px;">With
     7637domain.&nbsp; </p>
     7638
     7639
     7640
     7641 
     7642     
     7643     
     7644     
     7645      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">With
    15727646stable stratification the
    15737647upstream-upline scheme also produces gravity waves with large
    15747648amplitude, which must be
    15757649suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br>
    1576 </p> <p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The&nbsp;
     7650
     7651
     7652
     7653
     7654      </p>
     7655
     7656
     7657
     7658 
     7659     
     7660     
     7661     
     7662      <p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The&nbsp;
    15777663upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive
    15787664scalars (see&nbsp;<a href="#humidity">humidity</a>
    … …  
    15827668very long execution times! This scheme is also not allowed for
    15837669non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    1584 and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p><br>A
     7670and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p>
     7671
     7672
     7673
     7674      <br>
     7675
     7676
     7677
     7678A
    15857679differing advection scheme can be choosed for the subgrid-scale TKE
    15867680using parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.</td>
    1587 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1588 <p><a name="statistic_regions"></a><b>statistic_regions</b></p>
    1589 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1590 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0</i></td>
    1591 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of
     7681
     7682
     7683
     7684
     7685    </tr>
     7686
     7687
     7688
     7689 <tr>
     7690
     7691
     7692
     7693 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7694     
     7695     
     7696     
     7697      <p><a name="statistic_regions"></a><b>statistic_regions</b></p>
     7698
     7699
     7700
     7701
     7702      </td>
     7703
     7704
     7705
     7706 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     7707
     7708
     7709
     7710
     7711      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0</i></td>
     7712
     7713
     7714
     7715
     7716      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7717     
     7718     
     7719     
     7720      <p>Number of
    15927721additional user-defined subdomains for which
    15937722statistical analysis
    15947723and corresponding output (profiles, time series) shall be
    1595 made.&nbsp; </p> <p>By default, vertical profiles and
     7724made.&nbsp; </p>
     7725
     7726
     7727
     7728 
     7729     
     7730     
     7731     
     7732      <p>By default, vertical profiles and
    15967733other statistical quantities
    15977734are calculated as horizontal and/or volume average of the total model
    … …  
    16067743can be used to assigned names (identifier) to these subdomains which
    16077744are then used in the headers
    1608 of the output files and plots.</p><p>If the default NetCDF
     7745of the output files and plots.</p>
     7746
     7747
     7748
     7749     
     7750     
     7751     
     7752      <p>If the default NetCDF
    16097753output format is selected (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>),
    16107754data for the total domain and all defined subdomains are output to the
    16117755same file(s) (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>,
    1612 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>).
     7756      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>).
    16137757In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">statistic_regions</span>
    16147758&gt; <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span>,
    16157759data on the file for the different domains can be distinguished by a
    16167760suffix which is appended to the quantity names. Suffix 0 means data for
    1617 the total domain, suffix 1 means data for subdomain 1, etc.</p><p>In
     7761the total domain, suffix 1 means data for subdomain 1, etc.</p>
     7762
     7763
     7764
     7765     
     7766     
     7767     
     7768      <p>In
    16187769case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span>
    16197770= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>,
    … …  
    16287779PLOT1D_DATA is used (this must be considered in the
    16297780respective file connection statements of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> configuration
    1630 file).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="surface_heatflux"></a><b>surface_heatflux</b></p>
    1631 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1632 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br>
    1633 heatflux<br> </span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Kinematic sensible
    1634 heat flux at the bottom surface (in K m/s).&nbsp; </p> <p>If
     7781file).</p>
     7782
     7783
     7784
     7785 </td>
     7786
     7787
     7788
     7789 </tr>
     7790
     7791
     7792
     7793 <tr>
     7794
     7795
     7796
     7797 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7798     
     7799     
     7800     
     7801      <p><a name="surface_heatflux"></a><b>surface_heatflux</b></p>
     7802
     7803
     7804
     7805
     7806      </td>
     7807
     7808
     7809
     7810 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7811
     7812
     7813
     7814
     7815      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br>
     7816
     7817
     7818
     7819
     7820heatflux<br>
     7821
     7822
     7823
     7824 </span></td>
     7825
     7826
     7827
     7828 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7829     
     7830     
     7831     
     7832      <p>Kinematic sensible
     7833heat flux at the bottom surface (in K m/s).&nbsp; </p>
     7834
     7835
     7836
     7837 
     7838     
     7839     
     7840     
     7841      <p>If
    16357842a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal two-dimensional
    16367843surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>
    … …  
    16477854heat
    16487855flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>.&nbsp;</p>
    1649 <p>
     7856
     7857
     7858
     7859
     7860     
     7861     
     7862     
     7863      <p>
    16507864In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>,&nbsp;the
    16517865internal two-dimensional&nbsp;surface heat
    … …  
    16577871heat
    16587872flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>.&nbsp;
    1659 </p> <p>If no surface heat flux is assigned, <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> is calculated
     7873      </p>
     7874
     7875
     7876
     7877 
     7878     
     7879     
     7880     
     7881      <p>If no surface heat flux is assigned, <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> is calculated
    16607882at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * theta<sub>*</sub>
    16617883(of course only with <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>
    … …  
    16657887logarithmic wind and temperature
    16667888profiles between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>)
    1667 must be used as bottom boundary condition for the potential temperature.</p><p>See
     7889must be used as bottom boundary condition for the potential temperature.</p>
     7890
     7891
     7892
     7893     
     7894     
     7895     
     7896      <p>See
    16687897also <a href="#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>.</p>
    1669 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="surface_pressure"></a><b>surface_pressure</b></p>
    1670 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1671 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1013.25</i></td>
    1672 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Atmospheric
     7898
     7899
     7900
     7901
     7902      </td>
     7903
     7904
     7905
     7906 </tr>
     7907
     7908
     7909
     7910 <tr>
     7911
     7912
     7913
     7914 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7915     
     7916     
     7917     
     7918      <p><a name="surface_pressure"></a><b>surface_pressure</b></p>
     7919
     7920
     7921
     7922
     7923      </td>
     7924
     7925
     7926
     7927 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7928
     7929
     7930
     7931
     7932      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1013.25</i></td>
     7933
     7934
     7935
     7936
     7937      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7938     
     7939     
     7940     
     7941      <p>Atmospheric
    16737942pressure at the surface (in hPa).&nbsp; </p>
     7943
     7944
     7945
     7946
    16747947Starting from this surface value, the vertical pressure
    16757948profile is calculated once at the beginning of the run assuming a
    … …  
    16787951converting between the liquid water potential temperature and the
    16797952potential temperature (see <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>).</td>
    1680 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1681 <p><a name="surface_scalarflux"></a><b>surface_scalarflux</b></p>
    1682 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1683 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1684 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Scalar flux at
     7953
     7954
     7955
     7956
     7957    </tr>
     7958
     7959
     7960
     7961 <tr>
     7962
     7963
     7964
     7965 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7966     
     7967     
     7968     
     7969      <p><a name="surface_scalarflux"></a><b>surface_scalarflux</b></p>
     7970
     7971
     7972
     7973
     7974      </td>
     7975
     7976
     7977
     7978 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7979
     7980
     7981
     7982
     7983      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     7984
     7985
     7986
     7987
     7988      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7989     
     7990     
     7991     
     7992      <p>Scalar flux at
    16857993the surface (in kg/(m<sup>2</sup> s)).&nbsp; </p>
    1686 <p>If a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the
     7994
     7995
     7996
     7997
     7998     
     7999     
     8000     
     8001      <p>If a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the
    16878002respective scalar flux value is used
    16888003as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the scalar
    … …  
    16948009changes of the
    16958010surface scalar concentration (see <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>)
    1696 are not allowed. <br> </p> <p>If no surface scalar
     8011are not allowed. <br>
     8012
     8013
     8014
     8015 </p>
     8016
     8017
     8018
     8019 
     8020     
     8021     
     8022     
     8023      <p>If no surface scalar
    16978024flux is assigned (<b>surface_scalarflux</b>
    16988025= <i>0.0</i>),
    … …  
    17038030profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>)
    17048031must be used as bottom boundary condition for the scalar concentration.</p>
    1705 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="surface_waterflux"></a><b>surface_waterflux</b></p>
    1706 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1707 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1708 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Kinematic
    1709 water flux near the surface (in m/s).&nbsp; </p> <p>If
     8032
     8033
     8034
     8035
     8036      </td>
     8037
     8038
     8039
     8040 </tr>
     8041
     8042
     8043
     8044 <tr>
     8045
     8046
     8047
     8048 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8049     
     8050     
     8051     
     8052      <p><a name="surface_waterflux"></a><b>surface_waterflux</b></p>
     8053
     8054
     8055
     8056
     8057      </td>
     8058
     8059
     8060
     8061 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     8062
     8063
     8064
     8065
     8066      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     8067
     8068
     8069
     8070
     8071      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8072     
     8073     
     8074     
     8075      <p>Kinematic
     8076water flux near the surface (in m/s).&nbsp; </p>
     8077
     8078
     8079
     8080 
     8081     
     8082     
     8083     
     8084      <p>If
    17108085a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the
    17118086respective water flux value is used
    … …  
    17188093changes of the
    17198094surface humidity (see <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>)
    1720 are not allowed.<br> </p> <p>If no surface water
     8095are not allowed.<br>
     8096
     8097
     8098
     8099 </p>
     8100
     8101
     8102
     8103 
     8104     
     8105     
     8106     
     8107      <p>If no surface water
    17218108flux is assigned (<b>surface_waterflux</b>
    17228109= <i>0.0</i>),
    … …  
    17268113profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>)
    17278114must be used as the bottom boundary condition for the humidity.</p>
    1728 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="s_surface"></a><b>s_surface</b></p>
    1729 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1730 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1731 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Surface value
     8115
     8116
     8117
     8118
     8119      </td>
     8120
     8121
     8122
     8123 </tr>
     8124
     8125
     8126
     8127 <tr>
     8128
     8129
     8130
     8131 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8132     
     8133     
     8134     
     8135      <p><a name="s_surface"></a><b>s_surface</b></p>
     8136
     8137
     8138
     8139
     8140      </td>
     8141
     8142
     8143
     8144 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     8145
     8146
     8147
     8148
     8149      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     8150
     8151
     8152
     8153
     8154      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8155     
     8156     
     8157     
     8158      <p>Surface value
    17328159of the passive scalar (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>).&nbsp;<br>
    1733 </p>
     8160
     8161
     8162
     8163
     8164      </p>
     8165
     8166
     8167
     8168
    17348169This parameter assigns the value of the passive scalar s at
    17358170the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, the
    17368171initial vertical scalar concentration profile is constructed with<a href="#s_vertical_gradient">
    17378172s_vertical_gradient</a> and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>.</td>
    1738 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1739 <p><a name="s_surface_initial_change"></a><b>s_surface_initial</b>
    1740 <br> <b>_change</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1741 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Change in
     8173
     8174
     8175
     8176
     8177    </tr>
     8178
     8179
     8180
     8181 <tr>
     8182
     8183
     8184
     8185 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8186     
     8187     
     8188     
     8189      <p><a name="s_surface_initial_change"></a><b>s_surface_initial</b>
     8190      <br>
     8191
     8192
     8193
     8194 <b>_change</b></p>
     8195
     8196
     8197
     8198 </td>
     8199
     8200
     8201
     8202 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     8203
     8204
     8205
     8206 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     8207
     8208
     8209
     8210
     8211      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8212     
     8213     
     8214     
     8215      <p>Change in
    17428216surface scalar concentration to be made at the
    17438217beginning of the 3d run (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>).&nbsp; </p>
    1744 <p>If <b>s_surface_initial_change</b><i>&nbsp;</i>is
     8218
     8219
     8220
     8221
     8222     
     8223     
     8224     
     8225      <p>If <b>s_surface_initial_change</b><i>&nbsp;</i>is
    17458226set to a
    17468227non-zero
    17478228value, the near surface scalar flux is not allowed to be given
    17488229simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>).</p>
    1749 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient</b></p>
    1750 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
    1751 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0</i><i>.0</i></td>
    1752 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Scalar
     8230
     8231
     8232
     8233
     8234      </td>
     8235
     8236
     8237
     8238 </tr>
     8239
     8240
     8241
     8242 <tr>
     8243
     8244
     8245
     8246 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8247     
     8248     
     8249     
     8250      <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient</b></p>
     8251
     8252
     8253
     8254
     8255      </td>
     8256
     8257
     8258
     8259 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     8260
     8261
     8262
     8263
     8264      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0</i><i>.0</i></td>
     8265
     8266
     8267
     8268
     8269      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8270     
     8271     
     8272     
     8273      <p>Scalar
    17538274concentration gradient(s) of the initial scalar
    17548275concentration profile (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/
    1755 100 m).&nbsp; </p> <p>The scalar gradient holds
     8276100 m).&nbsp; </p>
     8277
     8278
     8279
     8280 
     8281     
     8282     
     8283     
     8284      <p>The scalar gradient holds
    17568285starting from the height level
    17578286defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level
    1758 </a>(precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) &gt;
     8287      </a>(precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) &gt;
    17598288s_vertical_gradient_level, s_init(k) is set: s_init(k) = s_init(k-1) +
    17608289dzu(k) * <b>s_vertical_gradient</b>) up to the top
    … …  
    17658294= <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface scalar value is
    17668295assigned
    1767 via <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>.<br> </p>
    1768 <p>Example:&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p><b>s_vertical_gradient</b>
     8296via <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>.<br>
     8297
     8298
     8299
     8300 </p>
     8301
     8302
     8303
     8304
     8305     
     8306     
     8307     
     8308      <p>Example:&nbsp; </p>
     8309
     8310
     8311
     8312 
     8313     
     8314     
     8315     
     8316      <ul>
     8317
     8318
     8319
     8320 
     8321       
     8322       
     8323       
     8324        <p><b>s_vertical_gradient</b>
    17698325= <i>0.1</i>, <i>0.05</i>,&nbsp; <br>
    1770 <b>s_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>,
    1771 <i>1000.0</i>,</p> </ul> <p>That
     8326
     8327
     8328
     8329
     8330        <b>s_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>,
     8331        <i>1000.0</i>,</p>
     8332
     8333
     8334
     8335 
     8336     
     8337     
     8338     
     8339      </ul>
     8340
     8341
     8342
     8343 
     8344     
     8345     
     8346     
     8347      <p>That
    17728348defines the scalar concentration to be constant with
    17738349height up to z = 500.0 m with a value given by <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>.
    … …  
    17798355assigned height levels
    17808356correspond with uv
    1781 levels).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient_</b>
    1782 <br> <b>level</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>10 *</i>
    1783 <i>0.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Height level from
     8357levels).</p>
     8358
     8359
     8360
     8361 </td>
     8362
     8363
     8364
     8365 </tr>
     8366
     8367
     8368
     8369 <tr>
     8370
     8371
     8372
     8373 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8374     
     8375     
     8376     
     8377      <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient_</b>
     8378      <br>
     8379
     8380
     8381
     8382 <b>level</b></p>
     8383
     8384
     8385
     8386 </td>
     8387
     8388
     8389
     8390 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     8391
     8392
     8393
     8394 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8395     
     8396     
     8397     
     8398      <p><i>10 *</i>
     8399      <i>0.0</i></p>
     8400
     8401
     8402
     8403 </td>
     8404
     8405
     8406
     8407 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8408     
     8409     
     8410     
     8411      <p>Height level from
    17848412which on the scalar gradient defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>
    1785 is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>The height levels
     8413is effective (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     8414
     8415
     8416
     8417 
     8418     
     8419     
     8420     
     8421      <p>The height levels
    17868422are to be assigned in ascending order. The
    17878423default values result in a scalar concentration constant with height
    … …  
    17908426the
    17918427piecewise construction of scalar concentration profiles see <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>.</p>
    1792 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="timestep_scheme"></a><b>timestep_scheme</b></p>
    1793 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
    1794 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>'runge</i><br>
    1795 <i>kutta-3'</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Time step scheme to
     8428
     8429
     8430
     8431
     8432      </td>
     8433
     8434
     8435
     8436 </tr>
     8437
     8438
     8439
     8440 <tr>
     8441
     8442
     8443
     8444 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8445     
     8446     
     8447     
     8448      <p><a name="timestep_scheme"></a><b>timestep_scheme</b></p>
     8449
     8450
     8451
     8452
     8453      </td>
     8454
     8455
     8456
     8457 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td>
     8458
     8459
     8460
     8461
     8462      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8463     
     8464     
     8465     
     8466      <p><i>'runge</i><br>
     8467
     8468
     8469
     8470
     8471      <i>kutta-3'</i></p>
     8472
     8473
     8474
     8475 </td>
     8476
     8477
     8478
     8479 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8480     
     8481     
     8482     
     8483      <p>Time step scheme to
    17968484be used for the integration of the prognostic
    1797 variables.&nbsp; </p> <p>The user can choose between
    1798 the following schemes:<br> </p> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-3'</span><br>
    1799 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Third order
     8485variables.&nbsp; </p>
     8486
     8487
     8488
     8489 
     8490     
     8491     
     8492     
     8493      <p>The user can choose between
     8494the following schemes:<br>
     8495
     8496
     8497
     8498 </p>
     8499
     8500
     8501
     8502 
     8503     
     8504     
     8505     
     8506      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-3'</span><br>
     8507
     8508
     8509
     8510
     8511      </p>
     8512
     8513
     8514
     8515 
     8516     
     8517     
     8518     
     8519      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Third order
    18008520Runge-Kutta scheme.<br>
     8521
     8522
     8523
     8524
    18018525This scheme requires the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>
    18028526= <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>
    18038527= '<i>pw-scheme'</i>. Please refer to the&nbsp;<a href="../tec/numerik.heiko/zeitschrittverfahren.pdf">documentation
    18048528on PALM's time integration schemes&nbsp;(28p., in German)</a>
    1805 fur further details.<br> </div> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-2'</span><br>
    1806 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second order
     8529fur further details.<br>
     8530
     8531
     8532
     8533 </div>
     8534
     8535
     8536
     8537 
     8538     
     8539     
     8540     
     8541      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-2'</span><br>
     8542
     8543
     8544
     8545
     8546      </p>
     8547
     8548
     8549
     8550 
     8551     
     8552     
     8553     
     8554      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second order
    18078555Runge-Kutta scheme.<br>
     8556
     8557
     8558
     8559
    18088560For special features see <b>timestep_scheme</b> = '<i>runge-kutta-3'</i>.<br>
    1809 </div> <br> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span><br>
    1810 <br> </span> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second
     8561
     8562
     8563
     8564
     8565      </div>
     8566
     8567
     8568
     8569 <br>
     8570
     8571
     8572
     8573 <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span><br>
     8574
     8575
     8576
     8577
     8578      <br>
     8579
     8580
     8581
     8582 </span>
     8583     
     8584     
     8585     
     8586      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second
    18118587order leapfrog scheme.<br>
     8588
     8589
     8590
     8591
    18128592Although this scheme requires a constant timestep (because it is
    18138593centered in time),&nbsp; is even applied in case of changes in
    … …  
    18208600with the Euler scheme, although the leapfrog scheme is switched
    18218601on.&nbsp; <br>
     8602
     8603
     8604
     8605
    18228606The leapfrog scheme must not be used together with the upstream-spline
    18238607scheme for calculating the advection (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>
    18248608= '<i>ups-scheme'</i> and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>
    1825 = '<i>ups-scheme'</i>).<br> </div> <br>
    1826 <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">leapfrog+euler'</span><br>
    1827 <br> </span> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The
     8609= '<i>ups-scheme'</i>).<br>
     8610
     8611
     8612
     8613 </div>
     8614
     8615
     8616
     8617 <br>
     8618
     8619
     8620
     8621
     8622      <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">leapfrog+euler'</span><br>
     8623
     8624
     8625
     8626
     8627      <br>
     8628
     8629
     8630
     8631 </span>
     8632     
     8633     
     8634     
     8635      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The
    18288636leapfrog scheme is used, but
    18298637after each change of a timestep an Euler timestep is carried out.
    … …  
    18328640velocity field (after applying the pressure solver) may be
    18338641significantly larger than with <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span>.<br>
    1834 </div> <br> <span style="font-style: italic;">'euler'</span><br>
    1835 <br> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">First order
     8642
     8643
     8644
     8645
     8646      </div>
     8647
     8648
     8649
     8650 <br>
     8651
     8652
     8653
     8654 <span style="font-style: italic;">'euler'</span><br>
     8655
     8656
     8657
     8658
     8659      <br>
     8660
     8661
     8662
     8663 
     8664     
     8665     
     8666     
     8667      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">First order
    18368668Euler scheme.&nbsp; <br>
     8669
     8670
     8671
     8672
    18378673The Euler scheme must be used when treating the advection terms with
    18388674the upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>
    … …  
    18408676and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>
    18418677= <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>).</div>
    1842 <br><br>A differing timestep scheme can be choosed for the
     8678
     8679
     8680
     8681
     8682      <br>
     8683
     8684
     8685
     8686      <br>
     8687
     8688
     8689
     8690A differing timestep scheme can be choosed for the
    18438691subgrid-scale TKE using parameter <a href="#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.<br>
    1844 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="topography"></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span></td>
    1845 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 40</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span></td> <td>
    1846 <p>Topography mode.&nbsp; </p> <p>The user can
    1847 choose between the following modes:<br> </p> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span><br> </p>
    1848 <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flat surface.</div> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span><br>
    1849 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow
     8692
     8693
     8694
     8695
     8696      </td>
     8697
     8698
     8699
     8700 </tr>
     8701
     8702
     8703
     8704 <tr>
     8705
     8706
     8707
     8708 <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="topography"></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span></td>
     8709
     8710
     8711
     8712
     8713      <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 40</td>
     8714
     8715
     8716
     8717 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span></td>
     8718
     8719
     8720
     8721 <td>
     8722     
     8723     
     8724     
     8725      <p>Topography mode.&nbsp; </p>
     8726
     8727
     8728
     8729 
     8730     
     8731     
     8732     
     8733      <p>The user can
     8734choose between the following modes:<br>
     8735
     8736
     8737
     8738 </p>
     8739
     8740
     8741
     8742 
     8743     
     8744     
     8745     
     8746      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span><br>
     8747
     8748
     8749
     8750 </p>
     8751
     8752
     8753
     8754
     8755     
     8756     
     8757     
     8758      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flat surface.</div>
     8759
     8760
     8761
     8762 
     8763     
     8764     
     8765     
     8766      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span><br>
     8767
     8768
     8769
     8770
     8771      </p>
     8772
     8773
     8774
     8775 
     8776     
     8777     
     8778     
     8779      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow
    18508780around&nbsp;a single rectangular building mounted on a flat surface.<br>
     8781
     8782
     8783
     8784
    18518785The building size and location can be specified with the parameters <a href="#building_height">building_height</a>, <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a>, <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a>, <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a> and <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a>.</div>
    1852 <span style="font-style: italic;"></span> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span><br>
    1853 </p> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow around
     8786
     8787
     8788
     8789
     8790      <span style="font-style: italic;"></span>
     8791     
     8792     
     8793     
     8794      <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span><br>
     8795
     8796
     8797
     8798
     8799      </p>
     8800
     8801
     8802
     8803 
     8804     
     8805     
     8806     
     8807      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow around
    18548808arbitrary topography.<br>
     8809
     8810
     8811
     8812
    18558813This mode requires the input file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#TOPOGRAPHY_DATA">TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</a><font color="#000000">. This file contains </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">the&nbsp;</font></font><font color="#000000">arbitrary topography </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">height
    18568814information</font></font><font color="#000000">
    18578815in m. These data&nbsp;<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>must
    1858 exactly match the horizontal grid.</font> </div> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br> </span><font color="#000000">
     8816exactly match the horizontal grid.</font> </div>
     8817
     8818
     8819
     8820 <span style="font-style: italic;"><br>
     8821
     8822
     8823
     8824 </span><font color="#000000">
    18598825Alternatively, the user may add code to the user interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_grid">user_init_grid</a>
    1860 to allow further topography modes.<br> <br>
     8826to allow further topography modes.<br>
     8827
     8828
     8829
     8830 <br>
     8831
     8832
     8833
     8834
    18618835All non-flat <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span>
    18628836modes </font>require the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>
    … …  
    18648838= '<i>pw-scheme'</i>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>
    18658839= <i>'poisfft'</i> or '<i>poisfft_hybrid'</i>,
    1866 <i>&nbsp;</i><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a>
     8840      <i>&nbsp;</i><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a>
    18678841= 0.0, <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>,&nbsp;<a style="" href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>
    18688842= <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>,&nbsp;<a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics&nbsp;</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>,&nbsp; <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>,&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, and <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a> = .T..<br>
    1869 <font color="#000000"><br>
     8843
     8844
     8845
     8846
     8847      <font color="#000000"><br>
     8848
     8849
     8850
     8851
    18708852Note that an inclined model domain requires the use of <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span> and a
    18718853nonzero </font><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a>.</td>
    1872 </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_heatflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br>
    1873 heatflux</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Kinematic
     8854
     8855
     8856
     8857
     8858    </tr>
     8859
     8860
     8861
     8862 <tr>
     8863
     8864
     8865
     8866      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_heatflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span></td>
     8867
     8868
     8869
     8870      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     8871
     8872
     8873
     8874      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br>
     8875
     8876
     8877
     8878
     8879heatflux</span></td>
     8880
     8881
     8882
     8883      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8884     
     8885     
     8886     
     8887      <p>Kinematic
    18748888sensible heat flux at the top boundary (in K m/s).&nbsp; </p>
    1875 <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
     8889
     8890
     8891
     8892
     8893     
     8894     
     8895     
     8896      <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
    18768897two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">tswst</span> is
    18778898initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span>&nbsp;as
    … …  
    18818902because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    18828903the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>&nbsp;</p>
    1883 <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>The
     8904
     8905
     8906
     8907
     8908     
     8909     
     8910     
     8911      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     8912
     8913
     8914
     8915The
    18848916application of a top heat flux additionally requires the setting of
    18858917initial parameter <a href="#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a>
    1886 = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p><p>No
    1887 Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p><p>See
     8918= .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p>
     8919
     8920
     8921
     8922     
     8923     
     8924     
     8925      <p>No
     8926Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p>
     8927
     8928
     8929
     8930     
     8931     
     8932     
     8933      <p>See
    18888934also <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>.</p>
    1889 </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_u"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along x at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br><p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
     8935
     8936
     8937
     8938
     8939      </td>
     8940
     8941
     8942
     8943    </tr>
     8944
     8945
     8946
     8947    <tr>
     8948
     8949
     8950
     8951      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_u"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span></td>
     8952
     8953
     8954
     8955      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     8956
     8957
     8958
     8959      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td>
     8960
     8961
     8962
     8963      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along x at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br>
     8964
     8965
     8966
     8967     
     8968     
     8969     
     8970      <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
    18908971two-dimensional u-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">uswst</span> is
    18918972initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> as
    1892 top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the u-momentum equation.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br>The
     8973top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the u-momentum equation.</p>
     8974
     8975
     8976
     8977     
     8978     
     8979     
     8980      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br>
     8981
     8982
     8983
     8984The
    18938985application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of
    18948986initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a>
    1895 = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> requires setting of <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> also.</p><p>A&nbsp;Neumann
     8987= .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> requires setting of <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> also.</p>
     8988
     8989
     8990
     8991     
     8992     
     8993     
     8994      <p>A&nbsp;Neumann
    18968995condition should be used for the u velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>),
    18978996because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    18988997the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>&nbsp;</p>
    1899 <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><p>No
    1900 Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_v"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along y at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br><p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
     8998
     8999
     9000
     9001
     9002      <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
     9003     
     9004     
     9005     
     9006      <p>No
     9007Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p>
     9008
     9009
     9010
     9011     
     9012     
     9013     
     9014      <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g.&nbsp;top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p>
     9015
     9016
     9017
     9018      </td>
     9019
     9020
     9021
     9022    </tr>
     9023
     9024
     9025
     9026    <tr>
     9027
     9028
     9029
     9030      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_v"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span></td>
     9031
     9032
     9033
     9034      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9035
     9036
     9037
     9038      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td>
     9039
     9040
     9041
     9042      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along y at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br>
     9043
     9044
     9045
     9046     
     9047     
     9048     
     9049      <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
    19019050two-dimensional v-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">vswst</span> is
    19029051initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> as
    1903 top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the v-momentum equation.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br>The
     9052top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the v-momentum equation.</p>
     9053
     9054
     9055
     9056     
     9057     
     9058     
     9059      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br>
     9060
     9061
     9062
     9063The
    19049064application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of
    19059065initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a>
    1906 = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> also.</p><p>A&nbsp;Neumann
     9066= .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> also.</p>
     9067
     9068
     9069
     9070     
     9071     
     9072     
     9073      <p>A&nbsp;Neumann
    19079074condition should be used for the v velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>),
    19089075because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    19099076the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>&nbsp;</p>
    1910 <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><p>No
    1911 Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br>
    1912 salinityflux</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Kinematic
     9077
     9078
     9079
     9080
     9081      <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
     9082     
     9083     
     9084     
     9085      <p>No
     9086Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p>
     9087
     9088
     9089
     9090     
     9091     
     9092     
     9093      <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g.&nbsp;top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p>
     9094
     9095
     9096
     9097      </td>
     9098
     9099
     9100
     9101    </tr>
     9102
     9103
     9104
     9105    <tr>
     9106
     9107
     9108
     9109      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span></td>
     9110
     9111
     9112
     9113      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9114
     9115
     9116
     9117      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br>
     9118
     9119
     9120
     9121
     9122salinityflux</span></td>
     9123
     9124
     9125
     9126      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9127     
     9128     
     9129     
     9130      <p>Kinematic
    19139131salinity flux at the top boundary, i.e. the sea surface (in psu m/s).&nbsp; </p>
    1914 <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p><p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
     9132
     9133
     9134
     9135
     9136     
     9137     
     9138     
     9139      <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p>
     9140
     9141
     9142
     9143     
     9144     
     9145     
     9146      <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal
    19159147two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">saswst</span> is
    19169148initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span>&nbsp;as
    … …  
    19199151because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to
    19209152the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>&nbsp;</p>
    1921 <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>The
     9153
     9154
     9155
     9156
     9157     
     9158     
     9159     
     9160      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     9161
     9162
     9163
     9164The
    19229165application of a salinity flux at the model top additionally requires the setting of
    19239166initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a>
    1924 = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p><p>See
    1925 also <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>.</p></td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1926 <p><a name="ug_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span></p>
    1927 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1928 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> </td>
    1929 <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
     9167= .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p>
     9168
     9169
     9170
     9171     
     9172     
     9173     
     9174      <p>See
     9175also <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>.</p>
     9176
     9177
     9178
     9179      </td>
     9180
     9181
     9182
     9183    </tr>
     9184
     9185
     9186
     9187    <tr>
     9188
     9189
     9190
     9191 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9192     
     9193     
     9194     
     9195      <p><a name="ug_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span></p>
     9196
     9197
     9198
     9199
     9200      </td>
     9201
     9202
     9203
     9204 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     9205
     9206
     9207
     9208 </td>
     9209
     9210
     9211
     9212
     9213      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     9214
     9215
     9216
     9217 </td>
     9218
     9219
     9220
     9221
     9222      <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
    19309223geostrophic
    1931 wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> <br>
     9224wind at the surface (in m/s).<br>
     9225
     9226
     9227
     9228 <br>
     9229
     9230
     9231
     9232
    19329233This parameter assigns the value of the u-component of the geostrophic
    19339234wind (ug) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial
    19349235vertical profile of the <br>
     9236
     9237
     9238
     9239
    19359240u-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>
    19369241and <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>.
    … …  
    19459250value, it is recommended to use a Galilei-transformation of the
    19469251coordinate system, if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>),
    1947 in order to obtain larger time steps.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
     9252in order to obtain larger time steps.<br>
     9253
     9254
     9255
     9256      <br>
     9257
     9258
     9259
     9260      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     9261
     9262
     9263
     9264In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
    19489265this parameter gives the velocity value at the sea surface, which is
    19499266at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the
    1950 bottom of the model.<br> </td> </tr>
    1951 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span></p>
    1952 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
    1953 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
    1954 * 0.0</span><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial
     9267bottom of the model.<br>
     9268
     9269
     9270
     9271 </td>
     9272
     9273
     9274
     9275 </tr>
     9276
     9277
     9278
     9279
     9280    <tr>
     9281
     9282
     9283
     9284 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9285     
     9286     
     9287     
     9288      <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span></p>
     9289
     9290
     9291
     9292
     9293      </td>
     9294
     9295
     9296
     9297 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
     9298
     9299
     9300
     9301
     9302      </td>
     9303
     9304
     9305
     9306 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
     9307* 0.0</span><br>
     9308
     9309
     9310
     9311 </td>
     9312
     9313
     9314
     9315 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial
    19559316profile of the&nbsp; u-component of the geostrophic wind (in
    1956 1/100s).<br> <br>
     93171/100s).<br>
     9318
     9319
     9320
     9321 <br>
     9322
     9323
     9324
     9325
    19579326The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>
    19589327(precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) &gt; <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>,
    … …  
    19639332total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10
    19649333intervals&nbsp; if <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1)
    1965 = 0.0) can be assigned. The surface geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
     9334= 0.0) can be assigned. The surface geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>.<br>
     9335
     9336
     9337
     9338      <br>
     9339
     9340
     9341
     9342      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     9343
     9344
     9345
     9346In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
    19669347the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the
    19679348sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height
    1968 levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.<br> </td>
    1969 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1970 <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span></p>
    1971 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
    1972 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
    1973 * 0.0</span><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the
     9349levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.<br>
     9350
     9351
     9352
     9353 </td>
     9354
     9355
     9356
     9357
     9358    </tr>
     9359
     9360
     9361
     9362 <tr>
     9363
     9364
     9365
     9366 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9367     
     9368     
     9369     
     9370      <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span></p>
     9371
     9372
     9373
     9374
     9375      </td>
     9376
     9377
     9378
     9379 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
     9380
     9381
     9382
     9383
     9384      </td>
     9385
     9386
     9387
     9388 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
     9389* 0.0</span><br>
     9390
     9391
     9392
     9393 </td>
     9394
     9395
     9396
     9397 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the
    19749398gradient defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>
    1975 is effective (in m).<br> <br>
     9399is effective (in m).<br>
     9400
     9401
     9402
     9403 <br>
     9404
     9405
     9406
     9407
    19769408The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the
    19779409piecewise construction of a profile of the u-component of the
    1978 geostrophic wind component (ug) see <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs&nbsp;(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ups_limit_e"></a><b>ups_limit_e</b></p>
    1979 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1980 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1981 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Subgrid-scale
     9410geostrophic wind component (ug) see <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>.<br>
     9411
     9412
     9413
     9414      <br>
     9415
     9416
     9417
     9418      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     9419
     9420
     9421
     9422In case of ocean runs&nbsp;(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td>
     9423
     9424
     9425
     9426 </tr>
     9427
     9428
     9429
     9430 <tr>
     9431
     9432
     9433
     9434 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9435     
     9436     
     9437     
     9438      <p><a name="ups_limit_e"></a><b>ups_limit_e</b></p>
     9439
     9440
     9441
     9442
     9443      </td>
     9444
     9445
     9446
     9447 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9448
     9449
     9450
     9451
     9452      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     9453
     9454
     9455
     9456
     9457      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9458     
     9459     
     9460     
     9461      <p>Subgrid-scale
    19829462turbulent kinetic energy difference used as
    19839463criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline
    19849464advection is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).
    1985 &nbsp; </p> <p>This variable steers the appropriate
     9465&nbsp; </p>
     9466
     9467
     9468
     9469 
     9470     
     9471     
     9472     
     9473      <p>This variable steers the appropriate
    19869474treatment of the
    19879475advection of the subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy in case that
    19889476the uptream-spline scheme is used . For further information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>.&nbsp; </p>
    1989 <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>ups_limit_e</b>.
    1990 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ups_limit_pt"></a><b>ups_limit_pt</b></p>
    1991 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1992 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1993 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Temperature
     9477
     9478
     9479
     9480
     9481     
     9482     
     9483     
     9484      <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>ups_limit_e</b>.
     9485      </p>
     9486
     9487
     9488
     9489 </td>
     9490
     9491
     9492
     9493 </tr>
     9494
     9495
     9496
     9497 <tr>
     9498
     9499
     9500
     9501 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9502     
     9503     
     9504     
     9505      <p><a name="ups_limit_pt"></a><b>ups_limit_pt</b></p>
     9506
     9507
     9508
     9509
     9510      </td>
     9511
     9512
     9513
     9514 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9515
     9516
     9517
     9518
     9519      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     9520
     9521
     9522
     9523
     9524      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9525     
     9526     
     9527     
     9528      <p>Temperature
    19949529difference used as criterion for applying&nbsp;
    19959530the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection&nbsp; is
    19969531switched on
    1997 (in K).&nbsp; </p> <p>This criterion is used if the
     9532(in K).&nbsp; </p>
     9533
     9534
     9535
     9536 
     9537     
     9538     
     9539     
     9540      <p>This criterion is used if the
    19989541upstream-spline scheme is
    19999542switched on (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>).<br>
     9543
     9544
     9545
     9546
    20009547If, for a given gridpoint, the absolute temperature difference with
    20019548respect to the upstream
    … …  
    20109557the upstream scheme. The numerical diffusion caused by the upstream
    20119558schme remains small as long as the upstream gradients are small.<br>
    2012 </p> <p>The percentage of grid points for which the
     9559
     9560
     9561
     9562
     9563      </p>
     9564
     9565
     9566
     9567 
     9568     
     9569     
     9570     
     9571      <p>The percentage of grid points for which the
    20139572upstream
    20149573scheme is actually used, can be output as a time series with respect to
    … …  
    20169575three directions in space with run parameter (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots">dt_dots</a>, the
    20179576timeseries names in the NetCDF file are <i>'splptx'</i>, <i>'splpty'</i>,
    2018 <i>'splptz'</i>). The percentage
     9577      <i>'splptz'</i>). The percentage
    20199578of gridpoints&nbsp; should stay below a certain limit, however, it
    20209579is
    20219580not possible to give
    20229581a general limit, since it depends on the respective flow.&nbsp; </p>
    2023 <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>.<br>
    2024 </p>
     9582
     9583
     9584
     9585
     9586     
     9587     
     9588     
     9589      <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>.<br>
     9590
     9591
     9592
     9593
     9594      </p>
     9595
     9596
     9597
     9598
    20259599A more effective control of
    20269600the &ldquo;overshoots&rdquo; can be achieved with parameter <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>.
    2027 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ups_limit_u"></a><b>ups_limit_u</b></p>
    2028 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2029 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    2030 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Velocity
     9601      </td>
     9602
     9603
     9604
     9605 </tr>
     9606
     9607
     9608
     9609 <tr>
     9610
     9611
     9612
     9613 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9614     
     9615     
     9616     
     9617      <p><a name="ups_limit_u"></a><b>ups_limit_u</b></p>
     9618
     9619
     9620
     9621
     9622      </td>
     9623
     9624
     9625
     9626 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9627
     9628
     9629
     9630
     9631      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     9632
     9633
     9634
     9635
     9636      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9637     
     9638     
     9639     
     9640      <p>Velocity
    20319641difference (u-component) used as criterion for
    20329642applying the upstream scheme
    20339643when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s).&nbsp; </p>
    2034 <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the
     9644
     9645
     9646
     9647
     9648     
     9649     
     9650     
     9651      <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the
    20359652advection of the u-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline
    20369653scheme is used. For further
    20379654information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>.&nbsp;
    2038 </p> <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_u</b>.</p>
    2039 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ups_limit_v"></a><b>ups_limit_v</b></p>
    2040 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2041 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    2042 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Velocity
     9655      </p>
     9656
     9657
     9658
     9659 
     9660     
     9661     
     9662     
     9663      <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_u</b>.</p>
     9664
     9665
     9666
     9667
     9668      </td>
     9669
     9670
     9671
     9672 </tr>
     9673
     9674
     9675
     9676 <tr>
     9677
     9678
     9679
     9680 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9681     
     9682     
     9683     
     9684      <p><a name="ups_limit_v"></a><b>ups_limit_v</b></p>
     9685
     9686
     9687
     9688
     9689      </td>
     9690
     9691
     9692
     9693 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9694
     9695
     9696
     9697
     9698      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     9699
     9700
     9701
     9702
     9703      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9704     
     9705     
     9706     
     9707      <p>Velocity
    20439708difference (v-component) used as criterion for
    20449709applying the upstream scheme
    20459710when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s).&nbsp; </p>
    2046 <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the
     9711
     9712
     9713
     9714
     9715     
     9716     
     9717     
     9718      <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the
    20479719advection of the v-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline
    20489720scheme is used. For further
    20499721information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>.&nbsp;
    2050 </p> <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_v</b>.</p>
    2051 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ups_limit_w"></a><b>ups_limit_w</b></p>
    2052 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2053 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    2054 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Velocity
     9722      </p>
     9723
     9724
     9725
     9726 
     9727     
     9728     
     9729     
     9730      <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_v</b>.</p>
     9731
     9732
     9733
     9734
     9735      </td>
     9736
     9737
     9738
     9739 </tr>
     9740
     9741
     9742
     9743 <tr>
     9744
     9745
     9746
     9747 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9748     
     9749     
     9750     
     9751      <p><a name="ups_limit_w"></a><b>ups_limit_w</b></p>
     9752
     9753
     9754
     9755
     9756      </td>
     9757
     9758
     9759
     9760 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9761
     9762
     9763
     9764
     9765      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     9766
     9767
     9768
     9769
     9770      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9771     
     9772     
     9773     
     9774      <p>Velocity
    20559775difference (w-component) used as criterion for
    20569776applying the upstream scheme
    20579777when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s).&nbsp; </p>
    2058 <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the
     9778
     9779
     9780
     9781
     9782     
     9783     
     9784     
     9785      <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the
    20599786advection of the w-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline
    20609787scheme is used. For further
    20619788information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>.&nbsp;
    2062 </p> <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_w</b>.</p>
    2063 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="use_surface_fluxes"></a><b>use_surface_fluxes</b></p>
    2064 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    2065 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    2066 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to
     9789      </p>
     9790
     9791
     9792
     9793 
     9794     
     9795     
     9796     
     9797      <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_w</b>.</p>
     9798
     9799
     9800
     9801
     9802      </td>
     9803
     9804
     9805
     9806 </tr>
     9807
     9808
     9809
     9810 <tr>
     9811
     9812
     9813
     9814 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9815     
     9816     
     9817     
     9818      <p><a name="use_surface_fluxes"></a><b>use_surface_fluxes</b></p>
     9819
     9820
     9821
     9822
     9823      </td>
     9824
     9825
     9826
     9827 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     9828
     9829
     9830
     9831
     9832      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     9833
     9834
     9835
     9836
     9837      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9838     
     9839     
     9840     
     9841      <p>Parameter to
    20679842steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical
    2068 fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=1 (bottom boundary).<br> </p>
    2069 <p>By default, the near-surface subgrid-scale fluxes are
     9843fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=1 (bottom boundary).<br>
     9844
     9845
     9846
     9847 </p>
     9848
     9849
     9850
     9851
     9852     
     9853     
     9854     
     9855      <p>By default, the near-surface subgrid-scale fluxes are
    20709856parameterized (like in the remaining model domain) using the gradient
    20719857approach. If <b>use_surface_fluxes</b>
    … …  
    20739859instead
    20749860(see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>,
    2075 <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>
     9861      <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>
    20769862and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>)
    2077 <span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span> the
     9863      <span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span> the
    20789864surface fluxes are
    20799865calculated via the Prandtl layer relation (depends on the bottom
    20809866boundary conditions, see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>,
    2081 <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>
    2082 and <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>).<br> </p>
    2083 <p><b>use_surface_fluxes</b>
     9867      <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>
     9868and <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>).<br>
     9869
     9870
     9871
     9872 </p>
     9873
     9874
     9875
     9876
     9877     
     9878     
     9879     
     9880      <p><b>use_surface_fluxes</b>
    20849881is automatically set <i>.TRUE.</i>, if a Prandtl layer is
    20859882used (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>).&nbsp;
    2086 </p> <p>The user may prescribe the surface fluxes at the
     9883      </p>
     9884
     9885
     9886
     9887 
     9888     
     9889     
     9890     
     9891      <p>The user may prescribe the surface fluxes at the
    20879892bottom
    20889893boundary without using a Prandtl layer by setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_surface_fluxes</span> =
    2089 <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">prandtl_layer</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>. If , in this
     9894      <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">prandtl_layer</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>. If , in this
    20909895case, the
    20919896momentum flux (u<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>)
    20929897should also be prescribed,
    20939898the user must assign an appropriate value within the user-defined code.</p>
    2094 </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_top_fluxes"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to steer
     9899
     9900
     9901
     9902
     9903      </td>
     9904
     9905
     9906
     9907 </tr>
     9908
     9909
     9910
     9911 <tr>
     9912
     9913
     9914
     9915      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_top_fluxes"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span></td>
     9916
     9917
     9918
     9919      <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     9920
     9921
     9922
     9923      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     9924
     9925
     9926
     9927      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9928     
     9929     
     9930     
     9931      <p>Parameter to steer
    20959932the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical
    2096 fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=nz (top boundary).</p><p>By
     9933fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=nz (top boundary).</p>
     9934
     9935
     9936
     9937     
     9938     
     9939     
     9940      <p>By
    20979941default, the fluxes at nz are calculated using the gradient approach.
    20989942If <b>use_top_fluxes</b>
    20999943= <i>.TRUE.</i>, the user-assigned top fluxes are used
    21009944instead
    2101 (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a>, <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>).</p><p>Currently, no value for the latent heatflux can be assigned. In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, the latent
    2102 heat flux at the top will be automatically set to zero.</p></td></tr><tr>
    2103 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="use_ug_for_galilei_tr"></a><b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b></p>
    2104 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    2105 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td>
    2106 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Switch to
     9945(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a>, <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>).</p>
     9946
     9947
     9948
     9949     
     9950     
     9951     
     9952      <p>Currently, no value for the latent heatflux can be assigned. In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, the latent
     9953heat flux at the top will be automatically set to zero.</p>
     9954
     9955
     9956
     9957      </td>
     9958
     9959
     9960
     9961    </tr>
     9962
     9963
     9964
     9965    <tr>
     9966
     9967
     9968
     9969
     9970      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9971     
     9972     
     9973     
     9974      <p><a name="use_ug_for_galilei_tr"></a><b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b></p>
     9975
     9976
     9977
     9978
     9979      </td>
     9980
     9981
     9982
     9983 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     9984
     9985
     9986
     9987
     9988      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td>
     9989
     9990
     9991
     9992
     9993      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9994     
     9995     
     9996     
     9997      <p>Switch to
    21079998determine the translation velocity in case that a
    2108 Galilean transformation is used.<br> </p> <p>In
     9999Galilean transformation is used.<br>
     10000
     10001
     10002
     10003 </p>
     10004
     10005
     10006
     10007 
     10008     
     10009     
     10010     
     10011      <p>In
    210910012case of a Galilean transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>),
    2110 <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b>
     10013      <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b>
    211110014= <i>.T.</i>&nbsp; ensures
    211210015that the coordinate system is translated with the geostrophic windspeed.<br>
    2113 </p> <p>Alternatively, with <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b>
     10016
     10017
     10018
     10019
     10020      </p>
     10021
     10022
     10023
     10024 
     10025     
     10026     
     10027     
     10028      <p>Alternatively, with <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b>
    211410029= <i>.F</i>.,
    211510030the
    … …  
    211710032averaged velocity. However, in this case the user must be aware of fast
    211810033growing gravity waves, so this
    2119 choice is usually not recommended!</p> </td> </tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_upstream_for_tke"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">L</td><td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">Parameter to choose the
    2120 advection/timestep scheme to be used for the subgrid-scale TKE.<br><br>By
     10034choice is usually not recommended!</p>
     10035
     10036
     10037
     10038 </td>
     10039
     10040
     10041
     10042 </tr>
     10043
     10044
     10045
     10046 <tr>
     10047
     10048
     10049
     10050      <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_upstream_for_tke"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span></td>
     10051
     10052
     10053
     10054      <td align="left" valign="top">L</td>
     10055
     10056
     10057
     10058      <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     10059
     10060
     10061
     10062      <td align="left" valign="top">Parameter to choose the
     10063advection/timestep scheme to be used for the subgrid-scale TKE.<br>
     10064
     10065
     10066
     10067      <br>
     10068
     10069
     10070
     10071By
    212110072default, the advection scheme and the timestep scheme to be used for
    212210073the subgrid-scale TKE are set by the initialization parameters <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> and <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>,
    … …  
    212810079are significantly reduced. This is required when subgrid-scale
    212910080velocities are used for advection of particles (see particle package
    2130 parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>).</td></tr><tr>
    2131 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="vg_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span></p>
    2132 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    2133 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> </td>
    2134 <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
     10081parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>).</td>
     10082
     10083
     10084
     10085    </tr>
     10086
     10087
     10088
     10089    <tr>
     10090
     10091
     10092
     10093
     10094      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10095     
     10096     
     10097     
     10098      <p><a name="vg_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span></p>
     10099
     10100
     10101
     10102
     10103      </td>
     10104
     10105
     10106
     10107 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     10108
     10109
     10110
     10111 </td>
     10112
     10113
     10114
     10115
     10116      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     10117
     10118
     10119
     10120 </td>
     10121
     10122
     10123
     10124
     10125      <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
    213510126geostrophic
    2136 wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> <br>
     10127wind at the surface (in m/s).<br>
     10128
     10129
     10130
     10131 <br>
     10132
     10133
     10134
     10135
    213710136This parameter assigns the value of the v-component of the geostrophic
    213810137wind (vg) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial
    213910138vertical profile of the <br>
     10139
     10140
     10141
     10142
    214010143v-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>
    214110144and <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>.
    … …  
    215510158if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>),
    215610159in order to obtain larger
    2157 time steps.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
     10160time steps.<br>
     10161
     10162
     10163
     10164      <br>
     10165
     10166
     10167
     10168      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     10169
     10170
     10171
     10172In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
    215810173this parameter gives the velocity value at the sea surface, which is
    215910174at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the
    2160 bottom of the model.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span></p>
    2161 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
    2162 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
    2163 * 0.0</span><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial
     10175bottom of the model.</td>
     10176
     10177
     10178
     10179 </tr>
     10180
     10181
     10182
     10183 <tr>
     10184
     10185
     10186
     10187 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10188     
     10189     
     10190     
     10191      <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span></p>
     10192
     10193
     10194
     10195
     10196      </td>
     10197
     10198
     10199
     10200 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
     10201
     10202
     10203
     10204
     10205      </td>
     10206
     10207
     10208
     10209 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
     10210* 0.0</span><br>
     10211
     10212
     10213
     10214 </td>
     10215
     10216
     10217
     10218 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial
    216410219profile of the&nbsp; v-component of the geostrophic wind (in
    2165 1/100s).<br> <br>
     102201/100s).<br>
     10221
     10222
     10223
     10224 <br>
     10225
     10226
     10227
     10228
    216610229The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>
    216710230(precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k)
    … …  
    217610239=
    2177102400.0) can be assigned. The surface
    2178 geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
     10241geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.<br>
     10242
     10243
     10244
     10245      <br>
     10246
     10247
     10248
     10249      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     10250
     10251
     10252
     10253In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>),
    217910254the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the
    218010255sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height
    218110256levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</td>
    2182 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    2183 <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span></p>
    2184 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
    2185 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
    2186 * 0.0</span><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the
     10257
     10258
     10259
     10260
     10261    </tr>
     10262
     10263
     10264
     10265 <tr>
     10266
     10267
     10268
     10269 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10270     
     10271     
     10272     
     10273      <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span></p>
     10274
     10275
     10276
     10277
     10278      </td>
     10279
     10280
     10281
     10282 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
     10283
     10284
     10285
     10286
     10287      </td>
     10288
     10289
     10290
     10291 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
     10292* 0.0</span><br>
     10293
     10294
     10295
     10296 </td>
     10297
     10298
     10299
     10300 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the
    218710301gradient defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>
    2188 is effective (in m).<br> <br>
     10302is effective (in m).<br>
     10303
     10304
     10305
     10306 <br>
     10307
     10308
     10309
     10310
    218910311The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the
    219010312piecewise construction of a profile of the v-component of the
    2191 geostrophic wind component (vg) see <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>In case of ocean runs&nbsp;(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td>
    2192 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    2193 <p><a name="wall_adjustment"></a><b>wall_adjustment</b></p>
    2194 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    2195 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td>
    2196 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Parameter to
     10313geostrophic wind component (vg) see <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>.<br>
     10314
     10315
     10316
     10317      <br>
     10318
     10319
     10320
     10321      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br>
     10322
     10323
     10324
     10325In case of ocean runs&nbsp;(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td>
     10326
     10327
     10328
     10329
     10330    </tr>
     10331
     10332
     10333
     10334 <tr>
     10335
     10336
     10337
     10338 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10339     
     10340     
     10341     
     10342      <p><a name="wall_adjustment"></a><b>wall_adjustment</b></p>
     10343
     10344
     10345
     10346
     10347      </td>
     10348
     10349
     10350
     10351 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     10352
     10353
     10354
     10355
     10356      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td>
     10357
     10358
     10359
     10360
     10361      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10362     
     10363     
     10364     
     10365      <p>Parameter to
    219710366restrict the mixing length in the vicinity of the
    219810367bottom
    2199 boundary.&nbsp; </p> <p>With <b>wall_adjustment</b>
     10368boundary.&nbsp; </p>
     10369
     10370
     10371
     10372 
     10373     
     10374     
     10375     
     10376      <p>With <b>wall_adjustment</b>
    220010377= <i>.TRUE., </i>the mixing
    220110378length is limited to a maximum of&nbsp; 1.8 * z. This condition
    220210379typically affects only the
    2203 first grid points above the bottom boundary.</p> </td> </tr>
    2204 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="wall_heatflux"></a>wall_heatflux</span></td>
    2205 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(5)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5 * 0.0</span></td> <td>Prescribed
     10380first grid points above the bottom boundary.</p>
     10381
     10382
     10383
     10384 </td>
     10385
     10386
     10387
     10388 </tr>
     10389
     10390
     10391
     10392
     10393    <tr>
     10394
     10395
     10396
     10397 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="wall_heatflux"></a>wall_heatflux</span></td>
     10398
     10399
     10400
     10401
     10402      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(5)</td>
     10403
     10404
     10405
     10406 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5 * 0.0</span></td>
     10407
     10408
     10409
     10410 <td>Prescribed
    220610411kinematic sensible heat flux in W m<sup>-2</sup>
    2207 at the five topography faces:<br> <br> <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0)&nbsp;&nbsp;
    2208 &nbsp;</span>top face<br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    2209 </span>left face<br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    2210 </span>right face<br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    2211 </span>south face<br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    2212 </span>north face</div> <br>
     10412at the five topography faces:<br>
     10413
     10414
     10415
     10416 <br>
     10417
     10418
     10419
     10420 
     10421     
     10422     
     10423     
     10424      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0)&nbsp;&nbsp;
     10425&nbsp;</span>top face<br>
     10426
     10427
     10428
     10429 <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     10430      </span>left face<br>
     10431
     10432
     10433
     10434 <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     10435      </span>right face<br>
     10436
     10437
     10438
     10439 <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     10440      </span>south face<br>
     10441
     10442
     10443
     10444 <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     10445      </span>north face</div>
     10446
     10447
     10448
     10449 <br>
     10450
     10451
     10452
     10453
    221310454This parameter applies only in case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>.&nbsp;The
    221410455parameter <a href="#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a>
    … …  
    221810459that is composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>
    221910460at the bottom surface and <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0)</span>
    2220 at the topography top face.&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody>
    2221 </table><br>
    2222 <p style="line-height: 100%;"><br><font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_4.0.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik1" src="left.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik2" src="up.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.2.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik3" src="right.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font></p>
     10461at the topography top face.&nbsp;</td>
     10462
     10463
     10464
     10465 </tr>
     10466
     10467
     10468
     10469 
     10470 
     10471 
     10472 
     10473  </tbody>
     10474</table>
     10475
     10476
     10477
     10478<br>
     10479
     10480
     10481
     10482
     10483<p style="line-height: 100%;"><br>
     10484
     10485
     10486
     10487<font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_4.0.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik1" src="left.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik2" src="up.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.2.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik3" src="right.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font></p>
     10488
     10489
     10490
     10491
    222310492<p style="line-height: 100%;"><i>Last
    222410493change:&nbsp;</i> $Id$ </p>
    2225 <br><br>
    2226 </body></html>
     10494
     10495
     10496
     10497
     10498<br>
     10499
     10500
     10501
     10502<br>
     10503
     10504
     10505
     10506
     10507</body>
     10508</html>

  • palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_4.2.html

    r103 r108  
    11<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    2 <html><head>
    3 <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"><title>PALM chapter 4.2</title></head>
    4 <body><h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Kapitel4.2"></a>4.2 <a href="#Laufparameter">Runtime
     2<html>
     3<head>
     4
     5
     6
     7 
     8 
     9  <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type">
     10
     11
     12 
     13 
     14  <title>PALM chapter 4.2</title>
     15</head>
     16
     17
     18<body>
     19
     20
     21<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Kapitel4.2"></a>4.2 <a href="#Laufparameter">Runtime
    522parameters</a>, <a href="#particle_parameters">particle parameters</a>, and <a href="#Paketparameter">package
    623parameters</a></h3>
     24
     25
     26
    727<h3 style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;"><a name="Laufparameter"></a>Runtime parameters:</h3>
    8 <br><br><table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody>
    9 <tr>
    10 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
    11 name</b></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
    12 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> </td>
    13 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
    14 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="averaging_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span><br>
    15 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    16 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> </td>
    17 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Averaging interval for
    18 all&nbsp;output of temporally averaged data (in s).<br><br>This
     28
     29
     30
     31<br>
     32
     33
     34<br>
     35
     36
     37<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     38
     39
     40 <tbody>
     41
     42
     43
     44    <tr>
     45
     46
     47
     48      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
     49name</b></font></td>
     50
     51
     52 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
     53
     54
     55
     56      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     57     
     58     
     59      <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
     60
     61
     62 <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
     63
     64
     65 </td>
     66
     67
     68
     69      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
     70
     71
     72
     73    </tr>
     74
     75
     76 <tr>
     77
     78
     79 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="averaging_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span><br>
     80
     81
     82
     83      </td>
     84
     85
     86 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     87
     88
     89 </td>
     90
     91
     92
     93      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     94
     95
     96 </td>
     97
     98
     99
     100      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Averaging interval for
     101all&nbsp;output of temporally averaged data (in s).<br>
     102
     103
     104      <br>
     105
     106
     107This
    19108parameter defines the time interval length for temporally averaged data
    20109(vertical profiles, spectra, 2d cross-sections, 3d volume data). By
    … …  
    24113In any case, <span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span>
    25114&lt;= <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span>
    26 must hold.<br><br>If
     115must hold.<br>
     116
     117
     118      <br>
     119
     120
     121If
    27122an interval is defined, then by default the average is calculated from
    28123the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The number
    29124of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
    30 parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<br><br>If
     125parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<br>
     126
     127
     128      <br>
     129
     130
     131If
    31132an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it
    32133will be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for
    33134restart runs, averaging intervals do not
    34 necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.<br><br>Parameters
    35 <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
     135necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.<br>
     136
     137
     138      <br>
     139
     140
     141Parameters
     142      <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
    36143and <a href="#averaging_interval_sp">averaging_interval_sp</a>
    37144can be used to define different averaging intervals for vertical
    38 profile data and spectra, respectively.<br> </td> </tr>
    39 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="averaging_interval_pr"></a><b>averaging_interval_pr</b></p>
    40 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    41 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
     145profile data and spectra, respectively.<br>
     146
     147
     148 </td>
     149
     150
     151 </tr>
     152
     153
     154
     155    <tr>
     156
     157
     158 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     159     
     160     
     161      <p><a name="averaging_interval_pr"></a><b>averaging_interval_pr</b></p>
     162
     163
     164
     165      </td>
     166
     167
     168 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     169
     170
     171 </td>
     172
     173
     174
     175      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
     176
     177
     178
    42179interval</a><br>
    43 </span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Averaging
     180
     181
     182
     183      </span> </td>
     184
     185
     186 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     187     
     188     
     189      <p>Averaging
    44190interval for output of vertical profiles&nbsp;to
    45191local
    46192file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
    47 </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
    48 (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p>If
     193      </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
     194(in s).&nbsp; </p>
     195
     196
     197 
     198     
     199     
     200      <p>If
    49201this parameter is given a non-zero value, temporally
    50202averaged vertical profile data are output. By default, profile data
    … …  
    52204limited by the parameter <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>.
    53205In any case <b>averaging_interval_pr</b> &lt;= <b>dt_dopr
    54 </b>must
    55 hold.</p>If an interval is defined, then by default the average
     206      </b>must
     207hold.</p>
     208
     209
     210If an interval is defined, then by default the average
    56211is calculated
    57212from the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The
    58213number of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
    59214parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>.
    60 <p>If
     215     
     216     
     217      <p>If
    61218an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it will
    62219be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for restart
    63220runs, averaging intervals do not
    64 necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p> </td> </tr>
    65 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="call_psolver_at_all_substeps"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_<br>
    66 substeps</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
    67 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br> </td>
    68 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Switch
    69 to steer the call of the pressure solver.<br> <br>
     221necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p>
     222
     223
     224 </td>
     225
     226
     227 </tr>
     228
     229
     230
     231    <tr>
     232
     233
     234 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="call_psolver_at_all_substeps"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_<br>
     235
     236
     237
     238substeps</span></td>
     239
     240
     241 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     242
     243
     244
     245      </td>
     246
     247
     248 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
     249
     250
     251 </td>
     252
     253
     254
     255      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Switch
     256to steer the call of the pressure solver.<br>
     257
     258
     259 <br>
     260
     261
     262
    70263In order to speed-up performance, the Poisson equation for perturbation
    71264pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>) can
    … …  
    80273= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>
    81274should be used.&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></td>
    82 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="fcl_factor"></a><b>cfl_factor</b></p>
    83 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    84 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>0.1,
    85 0.8 or 0.9</i> <br> <i>(see right)</i></p>
    86 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB">Time step limiting factor.&nbsp; </p>
    87 <p><span lang="en-GB">In the model, the <span lang="en-GB">maximum
     275
     276
     277
     278    </tr>
     279
     280
     281 <tr>
     282
     283
     284 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     285     
     286     
     287      <p><a name="fcl_factor"></a><b>cfl_factor</b></p>
     288
     289
     290
     291      </td>
     292
     293
     294 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     295
     296
     297 </td>
     298
     299
     300
     301      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     302     
     303     
     304      <p><i>0.1,
     3050.8 or 0.9</i> <br>
     306
     307
     308 <i>(see right)</i></p>
     309
     310
     311
     312      </td>
     313
     314
     315 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     316     
     317     
     318      <p lang="en-GB">Time step limiting factor.&nbsp; </p>
     319
     320
     321
     322     
     323     
     324      <p><span lang="en-GB">In the model, the <span lang="en-GB">maximum
    88325allowed </span>time step according to CFL and
    89326diffusion-criterion
    … …  
    93330the maximum allowed timestep. The condition <i>0.0</i>
    94331&lt; <b>cfl_factor</b>
    95 &lt; <i>1.0 </i>applies.<br> </span></p>
    96 <p><span lang="en-GB">The default value of
     332&lt; <i>1.0 </i>applies.<br>
     333
     334
     335 </span></p>
     336
     337
     338
     339     
     340     
     341      <p><span lang="en-GB">The default value of
    97342cfl_factor depends on
    98 the </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme"><span lang="en-GB">timestep_scheme</span></a><span lang="en-GB"> used:<br> </span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB">For the third order Runge-Kutta scheme it
    99 is <b>cfl_factor</b> = </span><span style="font-style: italic;">0.9</span><span lang="en-GB">.<br> </span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB">In case of the leapfrog scheme a quite
     343the </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme"><span lang="en-GB">timestep_scheme</span></a><span lang="en-GB"> used:<br>
     344
     345
     346 </span></p>
     347
     348
     349 
     350     
     351     
     352      <p><span lang="en-GB">For the third order Runge-Kutta scheme it
     353is <b>cfl_factor</b> = </span><span style="font-style: italic;">0.9</span><span lang="en-GB">.<br>
     354
     355
     356 </span></p>
     357
     358
     359 
     360     
     361     
     362      <p><span lang="en-GB">In case of the leapfrog scheme a quite
    100363restrictive value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">cfl_factor</span>
    101364= <span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 </span></span><span lang="en-GB">is used because for larger values the velocity
    … …  
    104367be used with the leapfrog scheme but these are to be determined by
    105368appropriate test runs.<span style="font-family: times new roman;"><br>
    106 </span></span></p> <span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"></span><font face="Times New Roman">The default value for the Euler
     369
     370
     371
     372      </span></span></p>
     373
     374
     375 <span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"></span><font face="Times New Roman">The default value for the Euler
    107376scheme is <span style="font-weight: bold;">cfl_factor</span>
    108377= <span style="font-style: italic;">0.8</span> .</font></span></td>
    109 </tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="create_disturbances"></a><b>create_disturbances</b></p>
    110 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    111 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br> </td>
    112 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Switch to
     378
     379
     380
     381    </tr>
     382
     383
     384    <tr>
     385
     386
     387 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     388     
     389     
     390      <p><a name="create_disturbances"></a><b>create_disturbances</b></p>
     391
     392
     393
     394      </td>
     395
     396
     397 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     398
     399
     400 </td>
     401
     402
     403
     404      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
     405
     406
     407 </td>
     408
     409
     410
     411      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     412     
     413     
     414      <p>Switch to
    113415impose random perturbations to the horizontal
    114 velocity field.&nbsp; </p> <p>With <b>create_disturbances</b>
     416velocity field.&nbsp; </p>
     417
     418
     419 
     420     
     421     
     422      <p>With <b>create_disturbances</b>
    115423= <i>.T.,</i> random
    116424perturbations can be imposed to the horizontal velocity field at
    117425certain times e.g. in order to trigger off the onset of convection,
    118 etc..<br> </p> <p>The temporal interval between
     426etc..<br>
     427
     428
     429 </p>
     430
     431
     432 
     433     
     434     
     435      <p>The temporal interval between
    119436these times can be steered with <a href="#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>,
    120437the vertical range of the perturbations with <a href="#disturbance_level_b">disturbance_level_b</a>
    … …  
    130447After this, the arrays of u and v are smoothed by applying a
    131448Shuman-filter twice and made divergence-free by applying the pressure
    132 solver.<br> </p> <p>The random number generator to
     449solver.<br>
     450
     451
     452 </p>
     453
     454
     455 
     456     
     457     
     458      <p>The random number generator to
    133459be used can be chosen with <a href="chapter_4.1.html#random_generator">random_generator</a>.<br>
    134 </p> <p>As soon as the desired flow features have
     460
     461
     462
     463      </p>
     464
     465
     466 
     467     
     468     
     469      <p>As soon as the desired flow features have
    135470developed
    136471(e.g.&nbsp; convection has started), further imposing of
    … …  
    143478As soon as the perturbation energy has exceeded this energy limit, no
    144479more random perturbations are assigned<br>
     480
     481
     482
    145483.&nbsp; <br>
     484
     485
     486
    146487Timesteps where a random perturbation has been imposed are marked in
    147488the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
    148489by the character "D" appended to the values of the maximum horizontal
    149 velocities. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="cross_normalized_x"></a><b>cross_normalized_x</b></p>
    150 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10&nbsp;
    151 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
    152 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Type of
     490velocities. </p>
     491
     492
     493 </td>
     494
     495
     496 </tr>
     497
     498
     499 <tr>
     500
     501
     502 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     503     
     504     
     505      <p><a name="cross_normalized_x"></a><b>cross_normalized_x</b></p>
     506
     507
     508
     509      </td>
     510
     511
     512 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10&nbsp;
     513      <br>
     514
     515
     516&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td>
     517
     518
     519 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
     520
     521
     522
     523      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     524     
     525     
     526      <p>Type of
    153527normalization applied to the x-coordinate of vertical
    154528profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.</p>
    155 <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    156 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>If
     529
     530
     531
     532     
     533     
     534      <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
     535= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     536
     537
     538     
     539     
     540      <p>If
    157541vertical profiles are plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> (data on
    158542local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
    … …  
    167551accordingly. If the value of a normalization quantity becomes zero,
    168552then normalization for the total respective coordinate system (panel)
    169 is switched off automatically (also for the y-axis).<br> </p>
    170 <p>By default, the normalization quantities are calculated as the
     553is switched off automatically (also for the y-axis).<br>
     554
     555
     556 </p>
     557
     558
     559
     560     
     561     
     562      <p>By default, the normalization quantities are calculated as the
    171563horizontal mean of the total model domain and and these values are also
    172564used for the normalization of profiles from subdomains (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
    … …  
    174566subdomain by using the parameter <a href="#normalizing_region">normalizing_region</a>
    175567(however, they are used again for all subdomains and even for the total
    176 domain).&nbsp; </p> <p>The user can choose between
     568domain).&nbsp; </p>
     569
     570
     571 
     572     
     573     
     574      <p>The user can choose between
    177575the following normalization
    178 quantities: <br> </p> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'wpt0'</i></td>
    179 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
     576quantities: <br>
     577
     578
     579 </p>
     580
     581
     582 
     583     
     584     
     585      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     586
     587
     588 <tbody>
     589
     590
     591 <tr>
     592
     593
     594 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'wpt0'</i></td>
     595
     596
     597
     598            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
    180599respect
    181600to the total surface sensible heat
    182 flux (k=0 ).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2'</i></td>
    183 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
     601flux (k=0 ).</td>
     602
     603
     604 </tr>
     605
     606
     607 <tr>
     608
     609
     610 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2'</i></td>
     611
     612
     613
     614            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
    184615respect
    185616to w<sub>*</sub> <sup>2</sup>
    186617(square of the characteristic vertical wind speed of the CBL)</td>
    187 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'tsw2'</i></td>
    188 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
     618
     619
     620
     621          </tr>
     622
     623
     624 <tr>
     625
     626
     627 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'tsw2'</i></td>
     628
     629
     630
     631            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
    189632respect
    190633to the square of the characteristic
    191634temperature of the CBL theta<sub>*</sub> (this is defined
    192635as ratio of
    193 the surface heat flux and w<sub>*</sub>).</td> </tr>
    194 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws3'</i></td>
    195 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
     636the surface heat flux and w<sub>*</sub>).</td>
     637
     638
     639 </tr>
     640
     641
     642
     643          <tr>
     644
     645
     646 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws3'</i></td>
     647
     648
     649
     650            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
    196651respect
    197 to w<sub>*</sub> <sup>3</sup>.</td> </tr>
    198 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2tsw'</i></td>
    199 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
     652to w<sub>*</sub> <sup>3</sup>.</td>
     653
     654
     655 </tr>
     656
     657
     658
     659          <tr>
     660
     661
     662 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2tsw'</i></td>
     663
     664
     665
     666            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
    200667respect
    201668to w<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>theta<sub>*</sub>
    202669(for definition of theta<sub>*</sub> see <span style="font-style: italic;">'tsw2'</span>).</td>
    203 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'wstsw2'</i></td>
    204 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
     670
     671
     672
     673          </tr>
     674
     675
     676 <tr>
     677
     678
     679 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'wstsw2'</i></td>
     680
     681
     682
     683            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
    205684respect
    206685to w<sub>*</sub><sup>2 </sup>theta<sub>*</sub>
    207686(for definition of theta<sub>*</sub> see <span style="font-style: italic;">'tsw2'</span>).</td>
    208 </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>For each
     687
     688
     689
     690          </tr>
     691
     692
     693 
     694       
     695       
     696        </tbody>
     697     
     698     
     699      </table>
     700
     701
     702 
     703     
     704     
     705      <p>For each
    209706coordinate system (panel) to be drawn (see <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>)
    210707an individual normalization quantity can be assigned. For example: if <span style="font-weight: bold;">cross_normalized_x</span> =
    211 <span style="font-style: italic;">'ws2'</span><i>,'ws3'</i>,
     708      <span style="font-style: italic;">'ws2'</span><i>,'ws3'</i>,
    212709then the
    213710x-values in the 1st coordinate system are normalized with respect to w<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>
    … …  
    215712Data
    216713of the further coordinate systems (if any are to be drawn) are not
    217 normalized.&nbsp; </p> <p>Using a normalization
     714normalized.&nbsp; </p>
     715
     716
     717 
     718     
     719     
     720      <p>Using a normalization
    218721leaves all vertical profile data on
    219722local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
    … …  
    223726which may be changed subsequently by the user in the parameter file
    224727(local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>).<br>
     728
     729
     730
    225731&nbsp;<br>
     732
     733
     734
    226735The assigned normalization quantity is noted in the axes labels of the
    227736respective coordinate systems (see <a href="#cross_xtext">cross_xtext</a>).</p>
    228 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="cross_normalized_y"></a><b>cross_normalized_y</b></p>
    229 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10&nbsp;
    230 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
    231 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Type of
     737
     738
     739
     740      </td>
     741
     742
     743 </tr>
     744
     745
     746 <tr>
     747
     748
     749 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     750     
     751     
     752      <p><a name="cross_normalized_y"></a><b>cross_normalized_y</b></p>
     753
     754
     755
     756      </td>
     757
     758
     759 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10&nbsp;
     760      <br>
     761
     762
     763&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td>
     764
     765
     766 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
     767
     768
     769
     770      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     771     
     772     
     773      <p>Type of
    232774normalization applied to the y-coordinate of vertical
    233775profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.&nbsp;</p>
    234 <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    235 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>If
     776
     777
     778
     779     
     780     
     781      <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
     782= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     783
     784
     785     
     786     
     787      <p>If
    236788vertical profiles are plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> (data on
    237789local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
    … …  
    240792certain quantities (at present only the normalization with respect to
    241793the boundary layer height is possible) in order to ensure a better
    242 comparability. </p> <p>The user can choose between the
     794comparability. </p>
     795
     796
     797 
     798     
     799     
     800      <p>The user can choose between the
    243801following normalization
    244 quantities: <br> </p> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'z_i'</i></td>
    245 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
     802quantities: <br>
     803
     804
     805 </p>
     806
     807
     808 
     809     
     810     
     811      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     812
     813
     814 <tbody>
     815
     816
     817 <tr>
     818
     819
     820 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'z_i'</i></td>
     821
     822
     823
     824            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
    246825respect
    247826to the boundary layer height
    248827(determined from the height where the heat flux achieves its minimum
    249 value).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>For
     828value).</td>
     829
     830
     831 </tr>
     832
     833
     834 
     835       
     836       
     837        </tbody>
     838     
     839     
     840      </table>
     841
     842
     843 
     844     
     845     
     846      <p>For
    250847further explanations see <a href="#cross_normalized_x">cross_normalized_x.</a></p>
    251 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="cross_profiles"></a><b>cross_profiles</b></p>
    252 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*100&nbsp;
    253 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br> </td>
    254 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Determines
     848
     849
     850
     851      </td>
     852
     853
     854 </tr>
     855
     856
     857 <tr>
     858
     859
     860 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     861     
     862     
     863      <p><a name="cross_profiles"></a><b>cross_profiles</b></p>
     864
     865
     866
     867      </td>
     868
     869
     870 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*100&nbsp;
     871      <br>
     872
     873
     874&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td>
     875
     876
     877 <td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br>
     878
     879
     880 </td>
     881
     882
     883
     884      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     885     
     886     
     887      <p>Determines
    255888which vertical profiles are to be presented in
    256889which coordinate system if the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> is used.
    257 &nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only applies for
     890&nbsp; </p>
     891
     892
     893 
     894     
     895     
     896      <p>This parameter only applies for
    258897&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    259 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>The
    260 default assignment is:&nbsp; </p> <p><b>cross_profiles</b>
    261 =&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p><span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
    262 u v ',</span><br> <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' pt
    263 ',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
    264 w"pt" w*pt* w*pt*BC wpt wptBC ',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
    265 w"u" w*u* wu w"v"w*v* wv ',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' km
    266 kh ',</span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' l '
     898= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     899
     900
     901     
     902     
     903      <p>The
     904default assignment is:&nbsp; </p>
     905
     906
     907 
     908     
     909     
     910      <p><b>cross_profiles</b>
     911=&nbsp; </p>
     912
     913
     914 
     915     
     916     
     917      <ul>
     918
     919
     920 
     921       
     922       
     923        <p><span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
     924u v ',</span><br>
     925
     926
     927 <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' pt
     928',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
     929
     930
     931 <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
     932w"pt" w*pt* w*pt*BC wpt wptBC ',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
     933
     934
     935 <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
     936w"u" w*u* wu w"v"w*v* wv ',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
     937
     938
     939 <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' km
     940kh ',</span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
     941
     942
     943 <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' l '
    267944,</span><br>
     945
     946
     947
    26894814 * <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
    269 '</span></p> </ul> <p>If plot output of
     949'</span></p>
     950
     951
     952 
     953     
     954     
     955      </ul>
     956
     957
     958 
     959     
     960     
     961      <p>If plot output of
    270962vertical profiles is produced (see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>),
    271963the appropriate data are written to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>.
    … …  
    282974The single names have to be separated by one blank (' ') and a blank
    283975must be spent also at the beginning and at the end of the
    284 string.&nbsp; </p> <p>Example:&nbsp; </p> <ul>
    285 <p><b>cross_profiles</b> = <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' u v ',
    286 ' pt '</span></p> </ul> <p>In this case the
     976string.&nbsp; </p>
     977
     978
     979 
     980     
     981     
     982      <p>Example:&nbsp; </p>
     983
     984
     985 
     986     
     987     
     988      <ul>
     989
     990
     991
     992       
     993       
     994        <p><b>cross_profiles</b> = <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' u v ',
     995' pt '</span></p>
     996
     997
     998 
     999     
     1000     
     1001      </ul>
     1002
     1003
     1004 
     1005     
     1006     
     1007      <p>In this case the
    2871008plot consists of two coordinate systems
    2881009(panels) with the first panel containing the profiles of the horizontal
    … …  
    2921013and the second one containing the profiles of the potential temperature
    2931014(<span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span>).<br>
    294 </p> <p>Whether the coordinate systems are actually drawn,
     1015
     1016
     1017
     1018      </p>
     1019
     1020
     1021 
     1022     
     1023     
     1024      <p>Whether the coordinate systems are actually drawn,
    2951025depends on
    2961026whether data of the appropriate profiles were output during the run
    … …  
    3021032to <b>data_output_pr </b>whose names do not appear in <b>cross_profiles</b>,
    3031033then the respective profile data are output (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>)
    304 but they are not drawn in the plot. <br> </p>
     1034but they are not drawn in the plot. <br>
     1035
     1036
     1037 </p>
     1038
     1039
     1040
    3051041The arrangement of the panels in the plot can be controlled
    3061042with the parameters <a href="#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>
    3071043and <a href="#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>.
    3081044Up to 100 panels systems are allowed in a plot (however, they may be
    309 distributed on several pages).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="cross_xtext"></a><b>cross_xtext</b></p>
    310 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*40&nbsp;
    311 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br> </td>
    312 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>x-axis labels
     1045distributed on several pages).</td>
     1046
     1047
     1048 </tr>
     1049
     1050
     1051 <tr>
     1052
     1053
     1054 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1055     
     1056     
     1057      <p><a name="cross_xtext"></a><b>cross_xtext</b></p>
     1058
     1059
     1060
     1061      </td>
     1062
     1063
     1064 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*40&nbsp;
     1065      <br>
     1066
     1067
     1068&nbsp;&nbsp; (100)</td>
     1069
     1070
     1071 <td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br>
     1072
     1073
     1074 </td>
     1075
     1076
     1077
     1078      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1079     
     1080     
     1081      <p>x-axis labels
    3131082of vertical profile coordinate systems to be
    3141083plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.&nbsp;
    315 </p> <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    316 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>The
    317 default assignment is:&nbsp; </p> <p><b>cross_xtext</b>
    318 =&nbsp; </p> <ul> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'wind speed in
    319 ms&gt;-&gt;1',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">'pot. temperature in
     1084      </p>
     1085
     1086
     1087 
     1088     
     1089     
     1090      <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
     1091= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     1092
     1093
     1094     
     1095     
     1096      <p>The
     1097default assignment is:&nbsp; </p>
     1098
     1099
     1100 
     1101     
     1102     
     1103      <p><b>cross_xtext</b>
     1104=&nbsp; </p>
     1105
     1106
     1107 
     1108     
     1109     
     1110      <ul>
     1111
     1112
     1113 
     1114       
     1115       
     1116        <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'wind speed in
     1117ms&gt;-&gt;1',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     1118
     1119
     1120 <span style="font-style: italic;">'pot. temperature in
    3201121K',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
    321 <span style="font-style: italic;">'heat flux in K
    322 ms&gt;-&gt;1',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">'momentum flux in
    323 m&gt;2s&gt;2',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">'eddy diffusivity in
    324 m&gt;2s&gt;-&gt;1',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">'mixing length in m',</span>&nbsp;
    325 <br>14 * <span style="font-style: italic;">' '</span></p>
    326 </ul> <p>This parameter can be used to assign x-axis
     1122
     1123
     1124
     1125        <span style="font-style: italic;">'heat flux in K
     1126ms&gt;-&gt;1',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     1127
     1128
     1129 <span style="font-style: italic;">'momentum flux in
     1130m&gt;2s&gt;2',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     1131
     1132
     1133 <span style="font-style: italic;">'eddy diffusivity in
     1134m&gt;2s&gt;-&gt;1',&nbsp; </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     1135
     1136
     1137 <span style="font-style: italic;">'mixing length in m',</span>&nbsp;
     1138        <br>
     1139
     1140
     114114 * <span style="font-style: italic;">' '</span></p>
     1142
     1143
     1144
     1145     
     1146     
     1147      </ul>
     1148
     1149
     1150 
     1151     
     1152     
     1153      <p>This parameter can be used to assign x-axis
    3271154labels to vertical
    3281155profiles to be plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil </span>(for output
    3291156of vertical
    3301157profile data see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).<br>
     1158
     1159
     1160
    3311161The labels are assigned to those coordinate systems (panels) defined by
    332 <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>
     1162      <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>
    3331163according to their respective order (compare the default values of <b>cross_xtext</b>
    334 and <b>cross_profiles</b>). </p> <p>Umlauts
     1164and <b>cross_profiles</b>). </p>
     1165
     1166
     1167 
     1168     
     1169     
     1170      <p>Umlauts
    3351171are possible (write &ldquo; in front of, similar to TeX), as
    3361172well as super- and subscripts (use "&gt;" or "&lt;" in front of
    … …  
    3381174character), special characters etc. (see UNIRAS manuals) when using the
    3391175plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html#chapter3.2.6">profil</a>.</p>
    340 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="cycle_mg"></a><b>cycle_mg</b></p>
    341 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*1</td>
    342 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'w'</i></td>
    343 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Type of cycle
    344 to be used with the multi-grid method.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     1176
     1177
     1178
     1179      </td>
     1180
     1181
     1182 </tr>
     1183
     1184
     1185 <tr>
     1186
     1187
     1188 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1189     
     1190     
     1191      <p><a name="cycle_mg"></a><b>cycle_mg</b></p>
     1192
     1193
     1194
     1195      </td>
     1196
     1197
     1198 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*1</td>
     1199
     1200
     1201
     1202      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'w'</i></td>
     1203
     1204
     1205
     1206      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1207     
     1208     
     1209      <p>Type of cycle
     1210to be used with the multi-grid method.&nbsp; </p>
     1211
     1212
     1213 
     1214     
     1215     
     1216      <p>This
    3451217parameter determines which type of cycle is applied in
    3461218the multi-grid method used for solving the Poisson equation for
    … …  
    3511223The
    3521224computational cost of w-cycles is much higher than that of v-cycles,
    353 however, w-cycles give a much better convergence. </p> </td>
    354 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="data_output"></a><b>data_output</b></p>
    355 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (100)<br>
    356 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span><br>
    357 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Quantities
    358 for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output.<br><br>PALM
     1225however, w-cycles give a much better convergence. </p>
     1226
     1227
     1228 </td>
     1229
     1230
     1231
     1232    </tr>
     1233
     1234
     1235 <tr>
     1236
     1237
     1238 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     1239     
     1240     
     1241      <p><a name="data_output"></a><b>data_output</b></p>
     1242
     1243
     1244
     1245      </td>
     1246
     1247
     1248 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (100)<br>
     1249
     1250
     1251
     1252      </td>
     1253
     1254
     1255 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span><br>
     1256
     1257
     1258
     1259      </td>
     1260
     1261
     1262 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Quantities
     1263for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output.<br>
     1264
     1265
     1266      <br>
     1267
     1268
     1269PALM
    3591270allows the output of instantaneous data as well as of temporally
    3601271averaged data which is steered by the strings assigned to this
    361 parameter (see below).<br><br>By default, cross section
     1272parameter (see below).<br>
     1273
     1274
     1275      <br>
     1276
     1277
     1278By default, cross section
    3621279data are output (depending on the selected cross sections(s), see
    3631280below)&nbsp; to local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF</a>,
    364 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF</a>
     1281      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF</a>
    3651282and/or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF">DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF</a>.
    3661283Volume data are output to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_3D_NETCDF">DATA_3D_NETCDF</a>.
    3671284If the user has switched on the output of temporally averaged data,
    3681285these are written seperately to local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF</a>,
    369 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
    370 <a href="chapter_4.3.html#DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
     1286      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
     1287      <a href="chapter_4.3.html#DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
    3711288and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF">DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</a>,
    372 respectively.<br><br>The
     1289respectively.<br>
     1290
     1291
     1292      <br>
     1293
     1294
     1295The
    3731296filenames already suggest that all files have NetCDF format.
    3741297Informations about the file content (kind of quantities, array
    … …  
    3761299format and can be extracted from the NetCDF files using the command
    3771300"ncdump -c &lt;filename&gt;". See chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a> about processing
    378 the PALM NetCDF data.<br><br>The following quantities are
    379 available for output by default (quantity names ending with '*' are only allowed for the output of horizontal cross sections):<br><br><table style="text-align: left; width: 576px; height: 481px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">quantity
    380 name</span></td><td style="width: 196px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">meaning</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">unit</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">remarks</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-style: italic;">e</span></td><td style="width: 196px;">SGS TKE</td><td>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">lwp*</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water path</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
     1301the PALM NetCDF data.<br>
     1302
     1303
     1304      <br>
     1305
     1306
     1307The following quantities are
     1308available for output by default (quantity names ending with '*' are only allowed for the output of horizontal cross sections):<br>
     1309
     1310
     1311      <br>
     1312
     1313
     1314     
     1315     
     1316      <table style="text-align: left; width: 576px; height: 481px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     1317
     1318
     1319        <tbody>
     1320
     1321
     1322          <tr>
     1323
     1324
     1325            <td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">quantity
     1326name</span></td>
     1327
     1328
     1329            <td style="width: 196px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">meaning</span></td>
     1330
     1331
     1332            <td><span style="font-weight: bold;">unit</span></td>
     1333
     1334
     1335            <td><span style="font-weight: bold;">remarks</span></td>
     1336
     1337
     1338          </tr>
     1339
     1340
     1341          <tr>
     1342
     1343
     1344            <td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-style: italic;">e</span></td>
     1345
     1346
     1347            <td style="width: 196px;">SGS TKE</td>
     1348
     1349
     1350            <td>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup></td>
     1351
     1352
     1353            <td></td>
     1354
     1355
     1356          </tr>
     1357
     1358
     1359          <tr>
     1360
     1361
     1362            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">lwp*</span></td>
     1363
     1364
     1365            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water path</td>
     1366
     1367
     1368            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
     1369
     1370
     1371            <td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
    3811372is allowed,&nbsp;requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
    382 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">p</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">perturpation
    383 pressure</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">N/m<sup>2</sup>,
    384 Pa</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pc</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">particle/droplet
    385 concentration</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">#/gridbox</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
     1373= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1374
     1375
     1376          </tr>
     1377
     1378
     1379          <tr>
     1380
     1381
     1382            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">p</span></td>
     1383
     1384
     1385            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">perturpation
     1386pressure</td>
     1387
     1388
     1389            <td style="vertical-align: top;">N/m<sup>2</sup>,
     1390Pa</td>
     1391
     1392
     1393            <td style="vertical-align: top;"></td>
     1394
     1395
     1396          </tr>
     1397
     1398
     1399          <tr>
     1400
     1401
     1402            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pc</span></td>
     1403
     1404
     1405            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">particle/droplet
     1406concentration</td>
     1407
     1408
     1409            <td style="vertical-align: top;">#/gridbox</td>
     1410
     1411
     1412            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
    3861413advection is switched on by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
    387 "-p particles"</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pr</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">mean
    388 particle/droplet radius </td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
     1414"-p particles"</td>
     1415
     1416
     1417          </tr>
     1418
     1419
     1420          <tr>
     1421
     1422
     1423            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pr</span></td>
     1424
     1425
     1426            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">mean
     1427particle/droplet radius </td>
     1428
     1429
     1430            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
     1431
     1432
     1433            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
    3891434advection is switched on by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
    390 "-p particles"</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pra*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation amount</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">mm</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
     1435"-p particles"</td>
     1436
     1437
     1438          </tr>
     1439
     1440
     1441          <tr>
     1442
     1443
     1444            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pra*</span></td>
     1445
     1446
     1447            <td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation amount</td>
     1448
     1449
     1450            <td style="vertical-align: top;">mm</td>
     1451
     1452
     1453            <td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
    3911454is allowed,&nbsp;requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a>
    392 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE., </span>time interval on which amount refers to is defined by <a href="#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">prr*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation rate</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">mm/s</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
     1455= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE., </span>time interval on which amount refers to is defined by <a href="#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a></td>
     1456
     1457
     1458          </tr>
     1459
     1460
     1461          <tr>
     1462
     1463
     1464            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">prr*</span></td>
     1465
     1466
     1467            <td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation rate</td>
     1468
     1469
     1470            <td style="vertical-align: top;">mm/s</td>
     1471
     1472
     1473            <td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
    3931474is allowed,&nbsp;requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a>
    394 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">potential
    395 temperature<br></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">q</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">specific humidity
    396 (or total water content, if cloud physics is switched on)</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water
    397 content</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
     1475= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1476
     1477
     1478          </tr>
     1479
     1480
     1481          <tr>
     1482
     1483
     1484            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span></td>
     1485
     1486
     1487            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">potential
     1488temperature<br>
     1489
     1490
     1491            </td>
     1492
     1493
     1494            <td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
     1495
     1496
     1497            <td style="vertical-align: top;"></td>
     1498
     1499
     1500          </tr>
     1501
     1502
     1503          <tr>
     1504
     1505
     1506            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">q</span></td>
     1507
     1508
     1509            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">specific humidity
     1510(or total water content, if cloud physics is switched on)</td>
     1511
     1512
     1513            <td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
     1514
     1515
     1516            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1517
     1518
     1519          </tr>
     1520
     1521
     1522          <tr>
     1523
     1524
     1525            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql</span></td>
     1526
     1527
     1528            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water
     1529content</td>
     1530
     1531
     1532            <td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
     1533
     1534
     1535            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
    3981536= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>
    3991537or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
    400 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_c</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">change in liquid
    401 water content due to condensation/evaporation during last timestep</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
    402 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_v</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">volume of liquid
    403 water</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m<sup>3</sup>/gridbox</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
    404 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_vp</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">weighting factor</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
    405 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">qv</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">water vapor
    406 content (specific humidity)</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
    407 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">rho</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">potential density</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">kg/m<sup>3</sup></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
    408 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">s</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">concentration of
    409 the scalar</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">1/m<sup>3</sup></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>
    410 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">sa</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">salinity</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">psu</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
    411 = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">t*</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
    412 characteristic temperature</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
    413 is allowed</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">u-component of
    414 the velocity</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u*</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
    415 friction velocity</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
    416 is allowed</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">v</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">v-component of
    417 the velocity</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">vpt</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">virtual potential
    418 temperature</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">w</span></td><td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">w-component of
    419 the velocity</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">z0*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">roughness length</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><br>Multiple
     1538= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1539
     1540
     1541          </tr>
     1542
     1543
     1544          <tr>
     1545
     1546
     1547            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_c</span></td>
     1548
     1549
     1550            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">change in liquid
     1551water content due to condensation/evaporation during last timestep</td>
     1552
     1553
     1554            <td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
     1555
     1556
     1557            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
     1558= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1559
     1560
     1561          </tr>
     1562
     1563
     1564          <tr>
     1565
     1566
     1567            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_v</span></td>
     1568
     1569
     1570            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">volume of liquid
     1571water</td>
     1572
     1573
     1574            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m<sup>3</sup>/gridbox</td>
     1575
     1576
     1577            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
     1578= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1579
     1580
     1581          </tr>
     1582
     1583
     1584          <tr>
     1585
     1586
     1587            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_vp</span></td>
     1588
     1589
     1590            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">weighting factor</td>
     1591
     1592
     1593            <td style="vertical-align: top;"></td>
     1594
     1595
     1596            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
     1597= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1598
     1599
     1600          </tr>
     1601
     1602
     1603          <tr>
     1604
     1605
     1606            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">qv</span></td>
     1607
     1608
     1609            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">water vapor
     1610content (specific humidity)</td>
     1611
     1612
     1613            <td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
     1614
     1615
     1616            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
     1617= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1618
     1619
     1620          </tr>
     1621
     1622
     1623          <tr>
     1624
     1625
     1626            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">rho</span></td>
     1627
     1628
     1629            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">potential density</td>
     1630
     1631
     1632            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">kg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
     1633
     1634
     1635            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
     1636= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1637
     1638
     1639          </tr>
     1640
     1641
     1642          <tr>
     1643
     1644
     1645            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">s</span></td>
     1646
     1647
     1648            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">concentration of
     1649the scalar</td>
     1650
     1651
     1652            <td style="vertical-align: top;">1/m<sup>3</sup></td>
     1653
     1654
     1655            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>
     1656= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1657
     1658
     1659          </tr>
     1660
     1661
     1662          <tr>
     1663
     1664
     1665            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">sa</span></td>
     1666
     1667
     1668            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">salinity</td>
     1669
     1670
     1671            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">psu</td>
     1672
     1673
     1674            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
     1675= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1676
     1677
     1678          </tr>
     1679
     1680
     1681          <tr>
     1682
     1683
     1684            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">t*</span></td>
     1685
     1686
     1687            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
     1688characteristic temperature</td>
     1689
     1690
     1691            <td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
     1692
     1693
     1694            <td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
     1695is allowed</td>
     1696
     1697
     1698          </tr>
     1699
     1700
     1701          <tr>
     1702
     1703
     1704            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u</span></td>
     1705
     1706
     1707            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">u-component of
     1708the velocity</td>
     1709
     1710
     1711            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
     1712
     1713
     1714            <td style="vertical-align: top;"></td>
     1715
     1716
     1717          </tr>
     1718
     1719
     1720          <tr>
     1721
     1722
     1723            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u*</span></td>
     1724
     1725
     1726            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
     1727friction velocity</td>
     1728
     1729
     1730            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
     1731
     1732
     1733            <td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
     1734is allowed</td>
     1735
     1736
     1737          </tr>
     1738
     1739
     1740          <tr>
     1741
     1742
     1743            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">v</span></td>
     1744
     1745
     1746            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">v-component of
     1747the velocity</td>
     1748
     1749
     1750            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
     1751
     1752
     1753            <td style="vertical-align: top;"></td>
     1754
     1755
     1756          </tr>
     1757
     1758
     1759          <tr>
     1760
     1761
     1762            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">vpt</span></td>
     1763
     1764
     1765            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">virtual potential
     1766temperature</td>
     1767
     1768
     1769            <td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
     1770
     1771
     1772            <td style="vertical-align: top;">requires&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
     1773
     1774
     1775          </tr>
     1776
     1777
     1778          <tr>
     1779
     1780
     1781            <td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">w</span></td>
     1782
     1783
     1784            <td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">w-component of
     1785the velocity</td>
     1786
     1787
     1788            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
     1789
     1790
     1791            <td style="vertical-align: top;"></td>
     1792
     1793
     1794          </tr>
     1795
     1796
     1797          <tr>
     1798
     1799
     1800            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">z0*</span></td>
     1801
     1802
     1803            <td style="vertical-align: top;">roughness length</td>
     1804
     1805
     1806            <td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
     1807
     1808
     1809            <td></td>
     1810
     1811
     1812          </tr>
     1813
     1814
     1815       
     1816       
     1817        </tbody>
     1818     
     1819     
     1820      </table>
     1821
     1822
     1823      <br>
     1824
     1825
     1826Multiple
    4201827quantities can be assigned, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>
    421 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'e'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>.<br><br>By
     1828= <span style="font-style: italic;">'e'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>.<br>
     1829
     1830
     1831      <br>
     1832
     1833
     1834By
    4221835assigning the pure strings from the above table, 3d volume data is
    4231836output. Cross section data can be output by appending the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'_xz'</span>, or <span style="font-style: italic;">'_yz'</span> to the
    4241837respective quantities. Time averaged&nbsp;output is created by
    4251838appending the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'_av'
    426 </span>(for
     1839      </span>(for
    4271840cross section data, this string must be appended after the cross
    4281841section string). Cross section data can also be (additionally) averaged
    4291842along the direction normal to the respective section (see below).
    4301843Assignments of quantities can be given in arbitrary
    431 order:<br><br>Example:<br><br><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xz_av'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u_av'</span>.<br></div><br>This
     1844order:<br>
     1845
     1846
     1847      <br>
     1848
     1849
     1850Example:<br>
     1851
     1852
     1853      <br>
     1854
     1855
     1856     
     1857     
     1858      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xz_av'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u_av'</span>.<br>
     1859
     1860
     1861      </div>
     1862
     1863
     1864      <br>
     1865
     1866
     1867This
    4321868example will create the following output: instantaneous 3d volume data
    4331869of u-velocity component (by default on file DATA_3D_NETCDF), temporally
    … …  
    4361872w-velocity component (by default on file DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF), and
    4371873temporally averaged vertical cross section data of potential
    438 temperature (by default on file DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF).<br><br>The
     1874temperature (by default on file DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF).<br>
     1875
     1876
     1877      <br>
     1878
     1879
     1880The
    4391881user is allowed to extend the above list of quantities by defining his
    440 own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a>).<br><br>The
     1882own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a>).<br>
     1883
     1884
     1885      <br>
     1886
     1887
     1888The
    4411889time interval of the output times is determined via <a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_output</a>.
    4421890This is valid for all types of output quantities by default. Individual
    4431891time intervals for instantaneous &nbsp;(!) 3d and section data can
    4441892be
    445 declared using <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>, and <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>.<br><br>Also,
     1893declared using <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>, and <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>.<br>
     1894
     1895
     1896      <br>
     1897
     1898
     1899Also,
    4461900an individual time interval for output of temporally averaged data can
    4471901be assigned using parameter <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.
    4481902This applies to both 3d volume and cross section data. The length of
    449 the averaging interval is controlled via parameter <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>.<br><br>The
     1903the averaging interval is controlled via parameter <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>.<br>
     1904
     1905
     1906      <br>
     1907
     1908
     1909The
    4501910parameter <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_data_output</a>
    4511911can be used to shift data output activities for a given time interval.
    4521912Individual intervals can be set using <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>,
    453 <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br><p>With
     1913      <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br>
     1914
     1915
     1916     
     1917     
     1918      <p>With
    4541919the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>&nbsp;
    4551920the output can be limited in the vertical direction up to a certain
    456 grid point.<br> </p> Cross sections extend through the
     1921grid point.<br>
     1922
     1923
     1924 </p>
     1925
     1926
     1927 Cross sections extend through the
    4571928total model
    4581929domain. In the two horizontal directions all grid points with 0
    … …  
    4631934complete total domain is represented. The location(s) of the cross
    4641935sections can be defined with parameters <a href="#section_xy">section_xy</a>,
    465 <a href="#section_xz">section_xz</a>, and <a href="#section_yz">section_yz</a>. Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_..</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
     1936      <a href="#section_xz">section_xz</a>, and <a href="#section_yz">section_yz</a>. Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_..</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
    4661937causes&nbsp;the output data to be averaged along the direction
    467 normal to the respective section.<br><br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Output of user defined quantities:</span><br><br>Beside
     1938normal to the respective section.<br>
     1939
     1940
     1941      <br>
     1942
     1943
     1944      <br>
     1945
     1946
     1947      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Output of user defined quantities:</span><br>
     1948
     1949
     1950      <br>
     1951
     1952
     1953Beside
    4681954the standard quantities from the above list, the user can output any
    4691955other quantities. These have to be defined and calculated within the
    … …  
    4741960selection of cross sections, etc.) is controlled with the parameters
    4751961listed above and data are written to the same file(s) as the standard
    476 quantities.<br><br><p style="font-weight: bold;">Output
    477 on parallel machines:</p><p>
     1962quantities.<br>
     1963
     1964
     1965      <br>
     1966
     1967
     1968     
     1969     
     1970      <p style="font-weight: bold;">Output
     1971on parallel machines:</p>
     1972
     1973
     1974     
     1975     
     1976      <p>
    4781977By default, with parallel runs, processors output only data
    4791978of their respective subdomains into seperate local files (file names
    … …  
    4861985using the program <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
    4871986(to be started e.g. by a suitable OUTPUT command in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
    488 configuration file).</p> <p>Alternatively, PALM is able to
     1987configuration file).</p>
     1988
     1989
     1990 
     1991     
     1992     
     1993      <p>Alternatively, PALM is able to
    4891994collect all grid points of a
    4901995cross section on PE0 before output is done. In this case only
    … …  
    4952000memory is required on PE0.&nbsp; This method can be used by
    4962001assigning <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</a>
    497 = <i>.F.</i>.</p><p>3d volume data output is
     2002= <i>.F.</i>.</p>
     2003
     2004
     2005     
     2006     
     2007      <p>3d volume data output is
    4982008always handled seperately by each processor so that <span style="font-family: monospace;">combine_plot_fields.x</span>
    499 has to be called anyway after PALM has been finished.</p><p><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Old formats:</span></p>
    500 <p>Beside
     2009has to be called anyway after PALM has been finished.</p>
     2010
     2011
     2012     
     2013     
     2014      <p><br>
     2015
     2016
     2017      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Old formats:</span></p>
     2018
     2019
     2020
     2021     
     2022     
     2023      <p>Beside
    5012024the NetCDF format,&nbsp;2d cross section data and 3d volume data
    5022025can
    5032026also be output, for historical reasons, in a different (binary) format
    504 using parameter <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>.</p><p>By
     2027using parameter <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>.</p>
     2028
     2029
     2030     
     2031     
     2032      <p>By
    5052033assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format
    506 </span>= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>,
     2034      </span>= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>,
    5072035the 3d volume data is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>.
    5082036Output is in FORTRAN binary format&nbsp;readable by
    … …  
    5332061compressed form (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress">do3d_compress</a>).
    5342062Further details about plotting 3d volume data with <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS </span>can be found in
    535 <a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">chapter
    536 4.5.5</a>.</p>By assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format </span>=
    537 <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>,
     2063      <a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">chapter
     20644.5.5</a>.</p>
     2065
     2066
     2067By assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format </span>=
     2068      <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>,
    5382069the cross section data is output to the local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>, and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>.
    5392070Output is in FORTRAN binary format&nbsp;readable by
    … …  
    5492080creates NAMELIST parameter files
    5502081(local names <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>,
    551 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>,
    552 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL</a>,
    553 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL</a>,
    554 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL</a>,
    555 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL</a>)
     2082      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>,
     2083      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL</a>,
     2084      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL</a>,
     2085      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL</a>,
     2086      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL</a>)
    5562087which can be used as parameter input files for the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.
    5572088That needs local files with suffix _LOCAL to be appended to the
    … …  
    5712102file.&nbsp;Further details about plotting 2d cross sections with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d </span>can be found
    5722103in <a href="chapter_4.5.4.html">chapter
    573 4.5.4</a>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Important:</span><br>There
     21044.5.4</a>.<br>
     2105
     2106
     2107      <br>
     2108
     2109
     2110      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important:</span><br>
     2111
     2112
     2113There
    5742114is no guarantee that iso2d- and avs-output will be available in future
    575 PALM versions (later than 3.0). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="data_output_format"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span><br>
    576 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (10) </td>
    577 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> </td>
    578 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Format of output data.<br><br>By
     2115PALM versions (later than 3.0). </td>
     2116
     2117
     2118 </tr>
     2119
     2120
     2121 <tr>
     2122
     2123
     2124 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="data_output_format"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span><br>
     2125
     2126
     2127
     2128      </td>
     2129
     2130
     2131 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (10) </td>
     2132
     2133
     2134
     2135      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> </td>
     2136
     2137
     2138
     2139      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Format of output data.<br>
     2140
     2141
     2142      <br>
     2143
     2144
     2145By
    5792146default, all data (profiles, time
    5802147series, spectra, particle data, cross sections, volume data) are output
    5812148in NetCDF format (see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>).
    5822149Exception: restart data (local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#BININ">BININ</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#BINOUT">BINOUT</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>,
    583 <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a>)
    584 are always output in FORTRAN binary format.<br><br>The
    585 numerical precision of the NetCDF output is determined with parameter <a href="#chapter_4.1.html#netcdf_precision">netcdf_precision</a>.<br><br>The
     2150      <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a>)
     2151are always output in FORTRAN binary format.<br>
     2152
     2153
     2154      <br>
     2155
     2156
     2157The
     2158numerical precision of the NetCDF output is determined with parameter <a href="#chapter_4.1.html#netcdf_precision">netcdf_precision</a>.<br>
     2159
     2160
     2161      <br>
     2162
     2163
     2164The
    5862165maximum file size for NetCDF files is 2 GByte by default. Use the
    5872166parameter <a href="#netcdf_64bit">netcdf_64bit</a>
    588 if larger files have to be created.<br><br>For historical
     2167if larger files have to be created.<br>
     2168
     2169
     2170      <br>
     2171
     2172
     2173For historical
    5892174reasons, other data formats are still available. Beside 'netcdf', <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span>
    590 may be assigned the following values:<br><br><table style="text-align: left; width: 594px; height: 104px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span></td><td>output
     2175may be assigned the following values:<br>
     2176
     2177
     2178      <br>
     2179
     2180
     2181     
     2182     
     2183      <table style="text-align: left; width: 594px; height: 104px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     2184
     2185
     2186        <tbody>
     2187
     2188
     2189          <tr>
     2190
     2191
     2192            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span></td>
     2193
     2194
     2195            <td>output
    5912196of profiles,&nbsp;time series and spectra in ASCII format to be
    5922197read by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil
    593 </span>(see chapters <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">4.5.2</a>,
    594 <a href="#chapter_4.5.3.html">4.5.3</a>)</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span></td><td>output
     2198            </span>(see chapters <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">4.5.2</a>,
     2199            <a href="#chapter_4.5.3.html">4.5.3</a>)</td>
     2200
     2201
     2202          </tr>
     2203
     2204
     2205          <tr>
     2206
     2207
     2208            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span></td>
     2209
     2210
     2211            <td>output
    5952212of 2d cross-sections in FORTRAN binary format to be read by the graphic
    5962213software <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
    597 (see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.4.html">4.5.4</a>)</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span></td><td>output
     2214(see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.4.html">4.5.4</a>)</td>
     2215
     2216
     2217          </tr>
     2218
     2219
     2220          <tr>
     2221
     2222
     2223            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span></td>
     2224
     2225
     2226            <td>output
    5982227of 3d volume data in FORTRAN binary format to be read by the graphic
    5992228software <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS</span>
    600 (see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">4.5.5</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table><br>Multiple
     2229(see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">4.5.5</a>)</td>
     2230
     2231
     2232          </tr>
     2233
     2234
     2235       
     2236       
     2237        </tbody>
     2238     
     2239     
     2240      </table>
     2241
     2242
     2243      <br>
     2244
     2245
     2246Multiple
    6012247values can be assigned to <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span>,
    6022248i.e. if the user wants to have both the "old" data format suitable for <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span> as well as
    6032249cross section data in NetCDF format, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
    604 <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> has to be
    605 assigned.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span>
     2250      <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> has to be
     2251assigned.<br>
     2252
     2253
     2254      <br>
     2255
     2256
     2257      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span>
    6062258There is no guarantee that the "old" formats will be available in
    607 future PALM versions (beyond 3.0)!<br> </td> </tr> <tr>
    608 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="data_output_pr"></a><b>data_output_pr</b></p>
    609 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
     2259future PALM versions (beyond 3.0)!<br>
     2260
     2261
     2262 </td>
     2263
     2264
     2265 </tr>
     2266
     2267
     2268 <tr>
     2269
     2270
     2271
     2272      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2273     
     2274     
     2275      <p><a name="data_output_pr"></a><b>data_output_pr</b></p>
     2276
     2277
     2278
     2279      </td>
     2280
     2281
     2282 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
    610228310&nbsp; <br>
    611 (100)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100
    612 * ' '</i></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    613 <p>Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally averaged)
    614 are to be output.&nbsp; </p> <p>By default vertical
     2284
     2285
     2286
     2287(100)</td>
     2288
     2289
     2290 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100
     2291* ' '</i></td>
     2292
     2293
     2294 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     2295     
     2296     
     2297      <p>Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally averaged)
     2298are to be output.&nbsp; </p>
     2299
     2300
     2301 
     2302     
     2303     
     2304      <p>By default vertical
    6152305profile data is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>.
    6162306The file's format is NetCDF.&nbsp; Further details about processing
    617 NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p><p>For
     2307NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
     2308
     2309
     2310     
     2311     
     2312      <p>For
    6182313historical reasons, data can also be output in ASCII-format on local
    6192314file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
    6202315which is readable by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>. See
    6212316parameter <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    622 for defining the format in which data shall be output.<br> </p>
    623 <p>For horizontally averaged vertical
     2317for defining the format in which data shall be output.<br>
     2318
     2319
     2320 </p>
     2321
     2322
     2323
     2324     
     2325     
     2326      <p>For horizontally averaged vertical
    6242327profiles always <span style="font-weight: bold;">all</span>
    6252328vertical
    … …  
    6272330profile data refers to the total domain but profiles for subdomains can
    6282331also be output (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).&nbsp;
    629 </p> <p>The temporal interval of the output times of
     2332      </p>
     2333
     2334
     2335 
     2336     
     2337     
     2338      <p>The temporal interval of the output times of
    6302339profiles is
    6312340assigned via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>.
    6322341Within the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
    6332342the profiles are ordered with respect to their
    634 output times.</p><p>Profiles can also be temporally
     2343output times.</p>
     2344
     2345
     2346     
     2347     
     2348      <p>Profiles can also be temporally
    6352349averaged (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>).&nbsp;<br>
    636 </p> <p>The following list shows the values which can be
     2350
     2351
     2352
     2353      </p>
     2354
     2355
     2356 
     2357     
     2358     
     2359      <p>The following list shows the values which can be
    6372360assigned to <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_pr</span>.
    6382361The profile data is either defined on
    … …  
    6472370level is z = zu(1) instead of z = zw(0) for profiles <i>w''
    6482371u'',w''v"</i>, <i>wu</i> and <i>wv</i>
    649 .&nbsp; <br> </p> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u</i></font></td>
    650 <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
    651 velocity (in m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v</i></font></td>
    652 <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
    653 velocity (in m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w</i></font></td>
    654 <td style="vertical-align: top;">w-component of the
    655 velocity (in m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt</i></font></td>
    656 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature (in
    657 K).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>vpt</i></font></td>
    658 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Virtual potential
    659 temperature (in K).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>lpt</i></font></td>
    660 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential liquid water
    661 temperature (in K).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>q</i></font></td>
    662 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total water content
    663 (in kg/kg).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>qv</i></font></td>
    664 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Specific humidity (in
    665 kg/kg).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>ql</i></font></td>
    666 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Liquid water content
    667 (in kg/kg).</td> </tr> <tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">rho</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Potential density (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic;"><font color="#ff6600">s</font></td>
    668 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Scalar concentration (in
    669 kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td> </tr> <tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">sa</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Salinity (in psu).</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e</i></font></td>
    670 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Turbulent kinetic energy
     2372.&nbsp; <br>
     2373
     2374
     2375 </p>
     2376
     2377
     2378 
     2379     
     2380     
     2381      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     2382
     2383
     2384 <tbody>
     2385
     2386
     2387 <tr>
     2388
     2389
     2390 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u</i></font></td>
     2391
     2392
     2393
     2394            <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
     2395velocity (in m/s).</td>
     2396
     2397
     2398 </tr>
     2399
     2400
     2401 <tr>
     2402
     2403
     2404 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v</i></font></td>
     2405
     2406
     2407
     2408            <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
     2409velocity (in m/s).</td>
     2410
     2411
     2412 </tr>
     2413
     2414
     2415 <tr>
     2416
     2417
     2418 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w</i></font></td>
     2419
     2420
     2421
     2422            <td style="vertical-align: top;">w-component of the
     2423velocity (in m/s).</td>
     2424
     2425
     2426 </tr>
     2427
     2428
     2429 <tr>
     2430
     2431
     2432 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt</i></font></td>
     2433
     2434
     2435
     2436            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature (in
     2437K).</td>
     2438
     2439
     2440 </tr>
     2441
     2442
     2443 <tr>
     2444
     2445
     2446 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>vpt</i></font></td>
     2447
     2448
     2449
     2450            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Virtual potential
     2451temperature (in K).</td>
     2452
     2453
     2454 </tr>
     2455
     2456
     2457 <tr>
     2458
     2459
     2460 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>lpt</i></font></td>
     2461
     2462
     2463
     2464            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential liquid water
     2465temperature (in K).</td>
     2466
     2467
     2468 </tr>
     2469
     2470
     2471 <tr>
     2472
     2473
     2474 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>q</i></font></td>
     2475
     2476
     2477
     2478            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total water content
     2479(in kg/kg).</td>
     2480
     2481
     2482 </tr>
     2483
     2484
     2485 <tr>
     2486
     2487
     2488 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>qv</i></font></td>
     2489
     2490
     2491
     2492            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Specific humidity (in
     2493kg/kg).</td>
     2494
     2495
     2496 </tr>
     2497
     2498
     2499 <tr>
     2500
     2501
     2502 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>ql</i></font></td>
     2503
     2504
     2505
     2506            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Liquid water content
     2507(in kg/kg).</td>
     2508
     2509
     2510 </tr>
     2511
     2512
     2513 <tr>
     2514
     2515
     2516            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">rho</span></td>
     2517
     2518
     2519            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Potential density (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td>
     2520
     2521
     2522          </tr>
     2523
     2524
     2525          <tr>
     2526
     2527
     2528 <td style="vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic;"><font color="#ff6600">s</font></td>
     2529
     2530
     2531
     2532            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Scalar concentration (in
     2533kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td>
     2534
     2535
     2536 </tr>
     2537
     2538
     2539 <tr>
     2540
     2541
     2542            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">sa</span></td>
     2543
     2544
     2545            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Salinity (in psu).</td>
     2546
     2547
     2548          </tr>
     2549
     2550
     2551          <tr>
     2552
     2553
     2554 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e</i></font></td>
     2555
     2556
     2557
     2558            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Turbulent kinetic energy
    6712559(TKE, subgrid-scale) (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    672 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e*</i></font></td>
    673 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Perturbation energy
     2560
     2561
     2562
     2563          </tr>
     2564
     2565
     2566 <tr>
     2567
     2568
     2569 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e*</i></font></td>
     2570
     2571
     2572
     2573            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Perturbation energy
    6742574(resolved) (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    675 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>km</i></font></td>
    676 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for
    677 momentum (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td> </tr> <tr>
    678 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>kh</i></font></td>
    679 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for heat
    680 (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>l</i></font></td>
    681 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length (in m).</td>
    682 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"u"</i></font></td>
    683 <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
     2575
     2576
     2577
     2578          </tr>
     2579
     2580
     2581 <tr>
     2582
     2583
     2584 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>km</i></font></td>
     2585
     2586
     2587
     2588            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for
     2589momentum (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
     2590
     2591
     2592 </tr>
     2593
     2594
     2595 <tr>
     2596
     2597
     2598
     2599            <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>kh</i></font></td>
     2600
     2601
     2602
     2603            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for heat
     2604(in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
     2605
     2606
     2607 </tr>
     2608
     2609
     2610 <tr>
     2611
     2612
     2613 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>l</i></font></td>
     2614
     2615
     2616
     2617            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length (in m).</td>
     2618
     2619
     2620
     2621          </tr>
     2622
     2623
     2624 <tr>
     2625
     2626
     2627 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"u"</i></font></td>
     2628
     2629
     2630
     2631            <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
    6842632subgrid-scale vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    685 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*u*</i></font></td>
    686 <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
     2633
     2634
     2635
     2636          </tr>
     2637
     2638
     2639 <tr>
     2640
     2641
     2642 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*u*</i></font></td>
     2643
     2644
     2645
     2646            <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
    6872647resolved vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    688 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wu</i></font></td>
    689 <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the total
     2648
     2649
     2650
     2651          </tr>
     2652
     2653
     2654 <tr>
     2655
     2656
     2657 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wu</i></font></td>
     2658
     2659
     2660
     2661            <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the total
    6902662vertical momentum flux (<i>w"u"</i> + <i>w*u*</i>)
    691 (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td> </tr>
    692 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"v"</i></font></td>
    693 <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
     2663(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
     2664
     2665
     2666 </tr>
     2667
     2668
     2669
     2670          <tr>
     2671
     2672
     2673 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"v"</i></font></td>
     2674
     2675
     2676
     2677            <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
    6942678subgrid-scale vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    695 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*v*</i></font></td>
    696 <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
     2679
     2680
     2681
     2682          </tr>
     2683
     2684
     2685 <tr>
     2686
     2687
     2688 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*v*</i></font></td>
     2689
     2690
     2691
     2692            <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
    6972693resolved vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
    698 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wv</i></font></td>
    699 <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the total
     2694
     2695
     2696
     2697          </tr>
     2698
     2699
     2700 <tr>
     2701
     2702
     2703 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wv</i></font></td>
     2704
     2705
     2706
     2707            <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the total
    7002708vertical momentum flux (<i>w"v"</i> + <i>w*v*</i>)
    701 (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td> </tr>
    702 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"pt"</i></font></td>
    703 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
    704 sensible heat flux (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*</i></font></td>
    705 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
     2709(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
     2710
     2711
     2712 </tr>
     2713
     2714
     2715
     2716          <tr>
     2717
     2718
     2719 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"pt"</i></font></td>
     2720
     2721
     2722
     2723            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
     2724sensible heat flux (in K m/s).</td>
     2725
     2726
     2727 </tr>
     2728
     2729
     2730 <tr>
     2731
     2732
     2733 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*</i></font></td>
     2734
     2735
     2736
     2737            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
    7062738sensible
    707 heat flux (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt</i></font></td>
    708 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
     2739heat flux (in K m/s).</td>
     2740
     2741
     2742 </tr>
     2743
     2744
     2745 <tr>
     2746
     2747
     2748 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt</i></font></td>
     2749
     2750
     2751
     2752            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
    7092753heat flux (<i>w"pt"</i> + <i>w*pt*</i>)
    7102754(in K
    711 m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*BC</i></font></td>
    712 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
     2755m/s).</td>
     2756
     2757
     2758 </tr>
     2759
     2760
     2761 <tr>
     2762
     2763
     2764 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*BC</i></font></td>
     2765
     2766
     2767
     2768            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
    7132769sensible heat flux using the
    714 Bott-Chlond scheme (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wptBC</i></font></td>
    715 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
     2770Bott-Chlond scheme (in K m/s).</td>
     2771
     2772
     2773 </tr>
     2774
     2775
     2776 <tr>
     2777
     2778
     2779 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wptBC</i></font></td>
     2780
     2781
     2782
     2783            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
    7162784heat flux using the Bott-Chlond scheme
    7172785(<i>w"pt"</i>
    718 + <i>w*pt*BC</i>) (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr>
    719 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"vpt"</i></font></td>
    720 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
    721 buoyancy flux (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*</i></font></td>
    722 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
     2786+ <i>w*pt*BC</i>) (in K m/s).</td>
     2787
     2788
     2789 </tr>
     2790
     2791
     2792 <tr>
     2793
     2794
     2795
     2796            <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"vpt"</i></font></td>
     2797
     2798
     2799
     2800            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
     2801buoyancy flux (in K m/s).</td>
     2802
     2803
     2804 </tr>
     2805
     2806
     2807 <tr>
     2808
     2809
     2810 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*</i></font></td>
     2811
     2812
     2813
     2814            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
    7232815buoyancy
    724 flux (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wvpt</i></font></td>
    725 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical buoyancy
    726 flux (w"vpt" + w*vpt*) (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"q"</i></font></td>
    727 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
    728 water flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*q*</i></font></td>
    729 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical water
    730 flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wq</i></font></td>
    731 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical water flux
    732 (w"q" + w*q*) (in kg/kg m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"qv"</i></font></td>
    733 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
    734 latent heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*qv*</i></font></td>
    735 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical latent
    736 heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wqv</i></font></td>
    737 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical latent
     2816flux (in K m/s).</td>
     2817
     2818
     2819 </tr>
     2820
     2821
     2822 <tr>
     2823
     2824
     2825 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wvpt</i></font></td>
     2826
     2827
     2828
     2829            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical buoyancy
     2830flux (w"vpt" + w*vpt*) (in K m/s).</td>
     2831
     2832
     2833 </tr>
     2834
     2835
     2836 <tr>
     2837
     2838
     2839 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"q"</i></font></td>
     2840
     2841
     2842
     2843            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
     2844water flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
     2845
     2846
     2847 </tr>
     2848
     2849
     2850 <tr>
     2851
     2852
     2853 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*q*</i></font></td>
     2854
     2855
     2856
     2857            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical water
     2858flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
     2859
     2860
     2861 </tr>
     2862
     2863
     2864 <tr>
     2865
     2866
     2867 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wq</i></font></td>
     2868
     2869
     2870
     2871            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical water flux
     2872(w"q" + w*q*) (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
     2873
     2874
     2875 </tr>
     2876
     2877
     2878 <tr>
     2879
     2880
     2881 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"qv"</i></font></td>
     2882
     2883
     2884
     2885            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
     2886latent heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
     2887
     2888
     2889 </tr>
     2890
     2891
     2892 <tr>
     2893
     2894
     2895 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*qv*</i></font></td>
     2896
     2897
     2898
     2899            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical latent
     2900heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
     2901
     2902
     2903 </tr>
     2904
     2905
     2906 <tr>
     2907
     2908
     2909 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wqv</i></font></td>
     2910
     2911
     2912
     2913            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical latent
    7382914heat
    739 flux (w"qv" + w*qv*) (in kg/kg m/s).</td> </tr> <tr>
    740 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"s"</i></font></td>
    741 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
     2915flux (w"qv" + w*qv*) (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
     2916
     2917
     2918 </tr>
     2919
     2920
     2921 <tr>
     2922
     2923
     2924
     2925            <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"s"</i></font></td>
     2926
     2927
     2928
     2929            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
    7422930scalar concentration flux (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>m/s).</td>
    743 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*s*</i></font></td>
    744 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical scalar
    745 concentration flux (in kg/m<sup>3</sup> m/s).</td> </tr>
    746 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>ws</i></font></td>
    747 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical scalar
     2931
     2932
     2933
     2934          </tr>
     2935
     2936
     2937 <tr>
     2938
     2939
     2940 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*s*</i></font></td>
     2941
     2942
     2943
     2944            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical scalar
     2945concentration flux (in kg/m<sup>3</sup> m/s).</td>
     2946
     2947
     2948 </tr>
     2949
     2950
     2951
     2952          <tr>
     2953
     2954
     2955 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>ws</i></font></td>
     2956
     2957
     2958
     2959            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical scalar
    7482960concentration flux (w"s" + w*s*) (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>m/s).</td>
    749 </tr> <tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">w"sa"</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale vertical
    750 salinity flux (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">w*sa*</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Resolved vertical salinity flux (in psu m/s).</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">wsa</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Total vertical salinity flux (w"sa" + w*sa*) (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*e*</i></font></td>
    751 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical flux of
    752 perturbation energy (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u*2</i></font></td>
    753 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
     2961
     2962
     2963
     2964          </tr>
     2965
     2966
     2967 <tr>
     2968
     2969
     2970            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">w"sa"</span></td>
     2971
     2972
     2973            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale vertical
     2974salinity flux (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td>
     2975
     2976
     2977          </tr>
     2978
     2979
     2980          <tr>
     2981
     2982
     2983            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">w*sa*</span></td>
     2984
     2985
     2986            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Resolved vertical salinity flux (in psu m/s).</td>
     2987
     2988
     2989          </tr>
     2990
     2991
     2992          <tr>
     2993
     2994
     2995            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">wsa</span></td>
     2996
     2997
     2998            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Total vertical salinity flux (w"sa" + w*sa*) (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td>
     2999
     3000
     3001          </tr>
     3002
     3003
     3004          <tr>
     3005
     3006
     3007 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*e*</i></font></td>
     3008
     3009
     3010
     3011            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical flux of
     3012perturbation energy (resolved)</td>
     3013
     3014
     3015 </tr>
     3016
     3017
     3018 <tr>
     3019
     3020
     3021 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u*2</i></font></td>
     3022
     3023
     3024
     3025            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
    7543026u-velocity
    755 component (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v*2</i></font></td>
    756 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
     3027component (resolved)</td>
     3028
     3029
     3030 </tr>
     3031
     3032
     3033 <tr>
     3034
     3035
     3036 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v*2</i></font></td>
     3037
     3038
     3039
     3040            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
    7573041v-velocity
    758 component (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*2</i></font></td>
    759 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the potential
    760 temperature (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt*2</i></font></td>
    761 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the potential
    762 temperature (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*3</i></font></td>
    763 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment of the
    764 w-velocity component (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>Sw</i></font></td>
    765 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Skewness of the
     3042component (resolved)</td>
     3043
     3044
     3045 </tr>
     3046
     3047
     3048 <tr>
     3049
     3050
     3051 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*2</i></font></td>
     3052
     3053
     3054
     3055            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the potential
     3056temperature (resolved)</td>
     3057
     3058
     3059 </tr>
     3060
     3061
     3062 <tr>
     3063
     3064
     3065 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt*2</i></font></td>
     3066
     3067
     3068
     3069            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the potential
     3070temperature (resolved)</td>
     3071
     3072
     3073 </tr>
     3074
     3075
     3076 <tr>
     3077
     3078
     3079 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*3</i></font></td>
     3080
     3081
     3082
     3083            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment of the
     3084w-velocity component (resolved)</td>
     3085
     3086
     3087 </tr>
     3088
     3089
     3090 <tr>
     3091
     3092
     3093 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>Sw</i></font></td>
     3094
     3095
     3096
     3097            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Skewness of the
    7663098w-velocity
    7673099component (resolved, S<sub>w</sub>
    7683100= W<sup>3</sup>/(w<sup>2</sup>)<sup>1.5</sup>)</td>
    769 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*2pt*</i></font></td>
    770 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
    771 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*2</i></font></td>
    772 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
    773 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w*u*u*/dz</i></font></td>
    774 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
     3101
     3102
     3103
     3104          </tr>
     3105
     3106
     3107 <tr>
     3108
     3109
     3110 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*2pt*</i></font></td>
     3111
     3112
     3113
     3114            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
     3115
     3116
     3117
     3118          </tr>
     3119
     3120
     3121 <tr>
     3122
     3123
     3124 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*pt*2</i></font></td>
     3125
     3126
     3127
     3128            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
     3129
     3130
     3131
     3132          </tr>
     3133
     3134
     3135 <tr>
     3136
     3137
     3138 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w*u*u*/dz</i></font></td>
     3139
     3140
     3141
     3142            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
    7753143shear
    776 (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w*p*/dz</i></font></td>
    777 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
     3144(resolved)</td>
     3145
     3146
     3147 </tr>
     3148
     3149
     3150 <tr>
     3151
     3152
     3153 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w*p*/dz</i></font></td>
     3154
     3155
     3156
     3157            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
    7783158turbulent transport of pressure
    779 fluctuations (resolved)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w"e/dz</i></font></td>
    780 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
    781 transport of resolved-scale TKE</td> </tr> </tbody>
    782 </table> <br>Beyond that, initial profiles (t=0) of some
    783 variables can be also be
     3159fluctuations (resolved)</td>
     3160
     3161
     3162 </tr>
     3163
     3164
     3165 <tr>
     3166
     3167
     3168 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w"e/dz</i></font></td>
     3169
     3170
     3171
     3172            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
     3173transport of resolved-scale TKE</td>
     3174
     3175
     3176 </tr>
     3177
     3178
     3179 
     3180       
     3181       
     3182        </tbody>
     3183     
     3184     
     3185      </table>
     3186
     3187
     3188 <br>
     3189
     3190
     3191Beyond that, initial profiles (t=0) of some
     3192variables can additionally be
    7843193output (this output is only done once
    7853194with the first plot output and not repeated with the profile output at
    7863195later
    7873196times). The names of these profiles result from the ones specified
    788 above leaded by a hash "#".&nbsp; Allowed values are:<br> <ul>
    789 <p><i>#u</i>, <i>#v</i>, <i>#pt</i>,
    790 <i>#km</i>, <i>#kh</i>, <i>#l</i></p>
    791 </ul> <p>These initial profiles have been either set by
     3197above leaded by a hash "#".&nbsp; Allowed values are:<br>
     3198
     3199
     3200 
     3201     
     3202     
     3203      <ul>
     3204
     3205
     3206
     3207       
     3208       
     3209        <p><i>#u</i>, <i>#v</i>, <i>#pt</i>,
     3210        <i>#km</i>, <i>#kh</i>, <i>#l, #lpt, #q, #qv, #s, #sa, #vpt</i></p>
     3211
     3212
     3213
     3214     
     3215     
     3216      </ul>
     3217
     3218
     3219 
     3220     
     3221     
     3222      <p>Profile names preceded by a hash automatically imply that
     3223profiles for these variables are also output at later times. It is not
     3224necessary and not allowed to specify the same profile name with and
     3225without hash simultaneously(this would lead to an NetCDF error). </p>
     3226      <p>These initial profiles have been either set by
    7923227the user or
    793 have been calculated by a 1d-model prerun.</p>The
     3228have been calculated by a 1d-model prerun.</p>
     3229
     3230
     3231The
    7943232user is allowed to extend the above list of quantities by defining his
    795 own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_pr_user">data_output_pr_user</a>).<br><br>In case
     3233own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_pr_user">data_output_pr_user</a>).<br>
     3234
     3235
     3236      <br>
     3237
     3238
     3239In case
    7963240of ASCII data output to local file PLOT1D_DATA,
    7973241PALM additionally creates a NAMELIST parameter file (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
    … …  
    8033247are determined by
    8043248a set of PALM parameters (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>,
    805 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>,
    806 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#z_max_do1d">z_max_do1d</a>,
    807 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>,
     3249      <a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>,
     3250      <a href="chapter_4.2.html#z_max_do1d">z_max_do1d</a>,
     3251      <a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>,
    8083252etc.) All parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter
    8093253input
    810 file. <br><br>Further details about plotting vertical
     3254file. <br>
     3255
     3256
     3257      <br>
     3258
     3259
     3260Further details about plotting vertical
    8113261profiles with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil </span>can
    8123262be found in <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">chapter
    813 4.5.2</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="data_output_2d_on_each_pe"></a><b>data_output_2d_on</b>
    814 <br> <b>_each_pe</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br> </td>
    815 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Output 2d cross section
     32634.5.2</a></td>
     3264
     3265
     3266 </tr>
     3267
     3268
     3269 <tr>
     3270
     3271
     3272 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3273     
     3274     
     3275      <p><a name="data_output_2d_on_each_pe"></a><b>data_output_2d_on</b>
     3276      <br>
     3277
     3278
     3279 <b>_each_pe</b></p>
     3280
     3281
     3282 </td>
     3283
     3284
     3285 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     3286
     3287
     3288 </td>
     3289
     3290
     3291 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
     3292
     3293
     3294 </td>
     3295
     3296
     3297
     3298      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Output 2d cross section
    8163299data by one or
    817 all processors.&nbsp; <p>In runs with several processors, by
     3300all processors.&nbsp;
     3301     
     3302     
     3303      <p>In runs with several processors, by
    8183304default, each processor
    8193305outputs cross section data of its subdomain&nbsp;into an individual
    … …  
    8223308file<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> using
    8233309the program <tt>combine_plot_fields.x</tt>.&nbsp; </p>
    824 <p>Alternatively, by assigning <b>data_output_2d_on_each_pe</b>
     3310
     3311
     3312
     3313     
     3314     
     3315      <p>Alternatively, by assigning <b>data_output_2d_on_each_pe</b>
    8253316= <i>.F.,</i>
    8263317the respective data is gathered on PE0 and output is done directly
    … …  
    8293320called. However, in case of very large numbers of horizontal
    8303321gridpoints, sufficient
    831 memory is required on PE0. </p> </td> </tr>
    832 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="disturbance_amplitude"></a><b>disturbance<br>
    833 _amplitude</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.25</i></td>
    834 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Maximum
     3322memory is required on PE0. </p>
     3323
     3324
     3325 </td>
     3326
     3327
     3328 </tr>
     3329
     3330
     3331
     3332    <tr>
     3333
     3334
     3335 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3336     
     3337     
     3338      <p><a name="disturbance_amplitude"></a><b>disturbance<br>
     3339
     3340
     3341
     3342_amplitude</b></p>
     3343
     3344
     3345 </td>
     3346
     3347
     3348 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3349
     3350
     3351 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.25</i></td>
     3352
     3353
     3354
     3355      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3356     
     3357     
     3358      <p>Maximum
    8353359perturbation amplitude of the random perturbations
    8363360imposed to the horizontal velocity field (in m/s).&nbsp; </p>
    837 <p>The parameter <a href="#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>
     3361
     3362
     3363
     3364     
     3365     
     3366      <p>The parameter <a href="#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>
    8383367describes how to impose random perturbations to the horizontal velocity
    8393368field. Since the perturbation procedure includes two filter operations,
    8403369the amplitude assigned by <b>disturbance_amplitude</b> is
    8413370only an
    842 approximate value of the real magnitude of the perturbation.</p> </td>
    843 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="disturbance_energy_limit"></a><b>disturbance_energy</b>
    844 <br> <b>_limit</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.01</i></td>
    845 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB">Upper
     3371approximate value of the real magnitude of the perturbation.</p>
     3372
     3373
     3374 </td>
     3375
     3376
     3377
     3378    </tr>
     3379
     3380
     3381 <tr>
     3382
     3383
     3384 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3385     
     3386     
     3387      <p><a name="disturbance_energy_limit"></a><b>disturbance_energy</b>
     3388      <br>
     3389
     3390
     3391 <b>_limit</b></p>
     3392
     3393
     3394 </td>
     3395
     3396
     3397 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3398
     3399
     3400 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.01</i></td>
     3401
     3402
     3403
     3404      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3405     
     3406     
     3407      <p lang="en-GB">Upper
    8463408limit value of the perturbation energy of
    8473409the velocity field used as a criterion for imposing random
    8483410perturbations (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).&nbsp;
    849 </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
     3411      </p>
     3412
     3413
     3414 
     3415     
     3416     
     3417      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
    8503418describes how to impose
    8513419random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field. The perturbation
    … …  
    8563424velocities are imposed no more. The value of this parameter usually
    8573425must be determined by trial and error (it depends e.g. on the total
    858 number of grid points).</span> </font> </p> </td>
    859 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="disturbance_level_b"></a><b>disturbance_level_b</b></p>
    860 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    861 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(3) or<br>zu(nz*2/3)<br>see right</i></td>
    862 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Lower
     3426number of grid points).</span> </font> </p>
     3427
     3428
     3429 </td>
     3430
     3431
     3432
     3433    </tr>
     3434
     3435
     3436 <tr>
     3437
     3438
     3439 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3440     
     3441     
     3442      <p><a name="disturbance_level_b"></a><b>disturbance_level_b</b></p>
     3443
     3444
     3445
     3446      </td>
     3447
     3448
     3449 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3450
     3451
     3452
     3453      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(3) or<br>
     3454
     3455
     3456zu(nz*2/3)<br>
     3457
     3458
     3459see right</i></td>
     3460
     3461
     3462
     3463      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3464     
     3465     
     3466      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Lower
    8633467limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
    8643468imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">m).&nbsp;
    865 </font></font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">This
     3469      </font></font> </p>
     3470
     3471
     3472 
     3473     
     3474     
     3475      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">This
    8663476parameter must hold the condition zu(3) &lt;= <b>disturbance_level_b</b>
    867 &lt;= zu(</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">nz-1</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">)</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.
    868 Additionally, <b>disturbance_level_b</b>
     3477&lt;= zu(</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">nz-2</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">)</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">. Additionally, <b>disturbance_level_b</b>
    8693478&lt;= </font></span><a href="#disturbance_level_t"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">disturbance_level_t</font></span></a>
    870 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">must
    871 also hold.</font></span></p><p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_b</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">(nz * 2) / 3</span>.</span></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The
     3479      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">must
     3480also hold.</font></span></p>
     3481
     3482
     3483     
     3484     
     3485      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_b</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz * 2 / 3) </span>(negative).</span></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></p>
     3486
     3487
     3488 
     3489     
     3490     
     3491      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The
    8723492parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
    8733493describes how to impose
    8743494random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span></font><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
    875 </font> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="disturbance_level_t"></a><b>disturbance_level_t</b></p>
    876 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    877 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nz/3) or<br>zu(nzt-3)<br>see right</i></td>
    878 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Upper
     3495      </font> </p>
     3496
     3497
     3498 </td>
     3499
     3500
     3501 </tr>
     3502
     3503
     3504 <tr>
     3505
     3506
     3507 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3508     
     3509     
     3510      <p><a name="disturbance_level_t"></a><b>disturbance_level_t</b></p>
     3511
     3512
     3513
     3514      </td>
     3515
     3516
     3517 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3518
     3519
     3520
     3521      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nz/3) or<br>
     3522
     3523
     3524zu(nzt-3)<br>
     3525
     3526
     3527see right</i></td>
     3528
     3529
     3530
     3531      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3532     
     3533     
     3534      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Upper
    8793535limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
    8803536imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">m).&nbsp;
    881 </font></font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">This
     3537      </font></font> </p>
     3538
     3539
     3540 
     3541     
     3542     
     3543      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">This
    8823544parameter must hold the condition <b>disturbance_level_t</b>
    883 &lt;= zu<i>(</i></font></span><i><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">nz-1</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">)</font></span></i><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.
     3545&lt;= zu<i>(</i></font></span><i><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">nz-2</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">)</font></span></i><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.
    8843546Additionally, </font></span><a href="#disturbance_level_b"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">disturbance_level_b</font></span></a>
    885 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">&lt;=
    886 <b>disturbance_level_t</b>
    887 must also hold.</font></span></p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_t</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">nzt - 3</span>.</span></span><p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The
     3547      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">&lt;=
     3548      <b>disturbance_level_t</b>
     3549must also hold.</font></span></p>
     3550
     3551
     3552      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_t</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nzt - 3</span>)</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>(negative)</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">.</span></span>
     3553     
     3554     
     3555      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The
    8883556parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
    8893557describes how to impose
    8903558random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span></font><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
    891 </font> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="do2d_at_begin"></a><b>do2d_at_begin</b></p>
    892 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    893 <td style="vertical-align: top;">.F.<br> </td>
    894 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Output of 2d
    895 cross section data at the beginning of a run.&nbsp; </p> <p>The
     3559      </font> </p>
     3560
     3561
     3562 </td>
     3563
     3564
     3565 </tr>
     3566
     3567
     3568 <tr>
     3569
     3570
     3571 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3572     
     3573     
     3574      <p><a name="do2d_at_begin"></a><b>do2d_at_begin</b></p>
     3575
     3576
     3577
     3578      </td>
     3579
     3580
     3581 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     3582
     3583
     3584 </td>
     3585
     3586
     3587
     3588      <td style="vertical-align: top;">.F.<br>
     3589
     3590
     3591 </td>
     3592
     3593
     3594
     3595      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3596     
     3597     
     3598      <p>Output of 2d
     3599cross section data at the beginning of a run.&nbsp; </p>
     3600
     3601
     3602 
     3603     
     3604     
     3605      <p>The
    8963606temporal intervals of output times of 2d cross section data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    8973607are usually determined with parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>
    … …  
    9013611will be made at the
    9023612beginning of a run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the respective
    903 starting times of restart runs).</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    904 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="do3d_at_begin"></a><b>do3d_at_begin</b></p>
    905 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    906 <td style="vertical-align: top;">.F.<br> </td>
    907 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Output of 3d volume data
     3613starting times of restart runs).</p>
     3614
     3615
     3616 </td>
     3617
     3618
     3619 </tr>
     3620
     3621
     3622 <tr>
     3623
     3624
     3625
     3626      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3627     
     3628     
     3629      <p><a name="do3d_at_begin"></a><b>do3d_at_begin</b></p>
     3630
     3631
     3632
     3633      </td>
     3634
     3635
     3636 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     3637
     3638
     3639 </td>
     3640
     3641
     3642
     3643      <td style="vertical-align: top;">.F.<br>
     3644
     3645
     3646 </td>
     3647
     3648
     3649
     3650      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Output of 3d volume data
    9083651at the beginning
    909 of a run.<br><br>The temporal intervals of output times of
     3652of a run.<br>
     3653
     3654
     3655      <br>
     3656
     3657
     3658The temporal intervals of output times of
    91036593d volume data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
    9113660is usually determined with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>.
    … …  
    9143663will be made at the
    9153664beginning of a run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the respective
    916 starting times of restart runs).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="do3d_compress"></a><b>do3d_compress</b></p>
    917 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    918 <td style="vertical-align: top;">.F.<br> </td>
    919 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Output of data
    920 for 3d plots in compressed form.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     3665starting times of restart runs).</td>
     3666
     3667
     3668 </tr>
     3669
     3670
     3671 <tr>
     3672
     3673
     3674 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3675     
     3676     
     3677      <p><a name="do3d_compress"></a><b>do3d_compress</b></p>
     3678
     3679
     3680
     3681      </td>
     3682
     3683
     3684 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     3685
     3686
     3687 </td>
     3688
     3689
     3690
     3691      <td style="vertical-align: top;">.F.<br>
     3692
     3693
     3694 </td>
     3695
     3696
     3697
     3698      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3699     
     3700     
     3701      <p>Output of data
     3702for 3d plots in compressed form.&nbsp; </p>
     3703
     3704
     3705 
     3706     
     3707     
     3708      <p>This
    9213709parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    922 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p><p>Output
     3710= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p>
     3711
     3712
     3713     
     3714     
     3715      <p>Output
    9233716of 3d volume data may need huge amounts of disc storage
    9243717(up to several Terabytes ore more). Data compression can serve to
    … …  
    9303723parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_precision">do3d_precision</a>
    9313724can be used to separately define the number of significant digits for
    932 each quantity.<br> </p> <p>So far compressed data
     3725each quantity.<br>
     3726
     3727
     3728 </p>
     3729
     3730
     3731 
     3732     
     3733     
     3734      <p>So far compressed data
    9333735output is only possible for Cray-T3E
    9343736machines. Additional information for
    9353737handling compressed data is given in <a href="chapter_4.5.6.html">chapter
    936 4.5.6</a>.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="do3d_precision"></a><b>do3d_precision</b></p>
    937 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
     37384.5.6</a>.</p>
     3739
     3740
     3741 </td>
     3742
     3743
     3744 </tr>
     3745
     3746
     3747 <tr>
     3748
     3749
     3750 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3751     
     3752     
     3753      <p><a name="do3d_precision"></a><b>do3d_precision</b></p>
     3754
     3755
     3756
     3757      </td>
     3758
     3759
     3760 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
    93837617&nbsp; <br>
    939 &nbsp; (100)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">see
    940 right<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    941 <p>Significant digits in case of compressed data
    942 output.&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only applies for
     3762
     3763
     3764
     3765&nbsp; (100)</td>
     3766
     3767
     3768 <td style="vertical-align: top;">see
     3769right<br>
     3770
     3771
     3772 </td>
     3773
     3774
     3775 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3776     
     3777     
     3778      <p>Significant digits in case of compressed data
     3779output.&nbsp; </p>
     3780
     3781
     3782 
     3783     
     3784     
     3785      <p>This parameter only applies for
    9433786&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    944 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p><p>In
     3787= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p>
     3788
     3789
     3790     
     3791     
     3792      <p>In
    9453793case that data compression is used for output of 3d data
    9463794(see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress">do3d_compress</a>),
    9473795this parameter determines the number of significant digits
    948 which are to be output.<br> </p> <p>Fewer digits
     3796which are to be output.<br>
     3797
     3798
     3799 </p>
     3800
     3801
     3802 
     3803     
     3804     
     3805      <p>Fewer digits
    9493806clearly reduce the amount
    9503807of data. Assignments have to be given separately for each individual
    … …  
    9553812are admitted. Up to 9 significant digits are allowed (but large values
    9563813are not very reasonable
    957 because they do not effect a significant compression).<br> </p>
    958 <p>The default assignment is <span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_precision</span>
    959 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'p5'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt2'</span>.</p> </td>
    960 </tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_laufparameter"></a><b>dt</b></p>
    961 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    962 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable</i></td>
    963 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Time
     3814because they do not effect a significant compression).<br>
     3815
     3816
     3817 </p>
     3818
     3819
     3820
     3821     
     3822     
     3823      <p>The default assignment is <span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_precision</span>
     3824= <span style="font-style: italic;">'u2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'p5'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt2'</span>.</p>
     3825
     3826
     3827 </td>
     3828
     3829
     3830
     3831    </tr>
     3832
     3833
     3834    <tr>
     3835
     3836
     3837 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3838     
     3839     
     3840      <p><a name="dt_laufparameter"></a><b>dt</b></p>
     3841
     3842
     3843
     3844      </td>
     3845
     3846
     3847 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3848
     3849
     3850
     3851      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable</i></td>
     3852
     3853
     3854
     3855      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3856     
     3857     
     3858      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Time
    9643859step to be used by the 3d-model (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s).&nbsp;
    965 </font></font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">This parameter</font></span>
    966 <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">is
     3860      </font></font> </p>
     3861
     3862
     3863 
     3864     
     3865     
     3866      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">This parameter</font></span>
     3867      <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">is
    9673868described in
    9683869detail with the initialization parameters (see</span></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">).
    … …  
    9713872is changed again). A switch from a constant time step to a variable
    9723873time step can be achieved with <b>dt</b> = <i>-1.0</i>.</span>
    973 </font> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_averaging_input"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span><br>
    974 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    975 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> </td>
    976 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval
    977 of&nbsp;data which are subject to temporal averaging (in s).<br><br>By
     3874      </font> </p>
     3875
     3876
     3877 </td>
     3878
     3879
     3880 </tr>
     3881
     3882
     3883 <tr>
     3884
     3885
     3886 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_averaging_input"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span><br>
     3887
     3888
     3889
     3890      </td>
     3891
     3892
     3893 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     3894
     3895
     3896 </td>
     3897
     3898
     3899
     3900      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     3901
     3902
     3903 </td>
     3904
     3905
     3906
     3907      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval
     3908of&nbsp;data which are subject to temporal averaging (in s).<br>
     3909
     3910
     3911      <br>
     3912
     3913
     3914By
    9783915default, data from each timestep within the interval defined by <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>
    9793916are used for calculating the temporal average. By choosing <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span>
    … …  
    9813918the number of time levels entering the average can be minimized. This
    9823919reduces the CPU-time of a run but may worsen the quality of the
    983 average's statistics.<br><br><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">With
     3920average's statistics.<br>
     3921
     3922
     3923      <br>
     3924
     3925
     3926      <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">With
    9843927variable time step (see <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>),
    9853928the number of time levels entering the average can vary from one
    … …  
    9873930is approximately given by the quotient of <span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span> /
    9883931MAX(<span style="font-weight: bold;"> dt_averaging_input</span>,
    989 <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>) (which
     3932      <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>) (which
    9903933gives a more or less exact value if a fixed timestep is used and if
    9913934this is an integral divisor of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span>).</span></font>&nbsp;
    992 <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>With
     3935      <br>
     3936
     3937
     3938      <br>
     3939
     3940
     3941      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     3942
     3943
     3944With
    9933945an averaging interval of 100.0 s and <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span> =
    994 <span style="font-style: italic;">10.0</span>,
     3946      <span style="font-style: italic;">10.0</span>,
    9953947the time levels entering the average have a (minimum) distance of 10.0
    9963948s (their distance may of course be larger if the current timestep is
    9973949larger than 10.0 s), so the average is calculated from the data of
    998 (maximum) 10 time levels.<br><br><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">It
     3950(maximum) 10 time levels.<br>
     3951
     3952
     3953      <br>
     3954
     3955
     3956      <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">It
    9993957is allowed
    10003958to change <b>dt_averaging_input</b> during a job chain. If
    … …  
    10033961has to be finished in the current run), the individual profiles and/or
    10043962spectra entering the averaging are not uniformly distributed over the
    1005 averaging interval.<br><br></span></font>Parameter&nbsp;<a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>&nbsp;can
     3963averaging interval.<br>
     3964
     3965
     3966      <br>
     3967
     3968
     3969      </span></font>Parameter&nbsp;<a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>&nbsp;can
    10063970be used to define&nbsp;a different temporal interval&nbsp;for
    1007 vertical profile data and spectra.<br> </td> </tr>
    1008 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_averaging_input_pr"></a><b>dt_averaging_input_pr</b></p>
    1009 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1010 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_<br>averaging_<br>input</a></span></td>
    1011 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB">Temporal
     3971vertical profile data and spectra.<br>
     3972
     3973
     3974 </td>
     3975
     3976
     3977 </tr>
     3978
     3979
     3980
     3981    <tr>
     3982
     3983
     3984 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     3985     
     3986     
     3987      <p><a name="dt_averaging_input_pr"></a><b>dt_averaging_input_pr</b></p>
     3988
     3989
     3990
     3991      </td>
     3992
     3993
     3994 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     3995
     3996
     3997
     3998      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_<br>
     3999
     4000
     4001averaging_<br>
     4002
     4003
     4004input</a></span></td>
     4005
     4006
     4007
     4008      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4009     
     4010     
     4011      <p lang="en-GB">Temporal
    10124012interval of&nbsp;data which are subject to temporal averaging of <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">vertical
    10134013profiles and/or spectra&nbsp;(</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s).&nbsp;
    1014 </font></font> </p> <p>By default, data from
     4014      </font></font> </p>
     4015
     4016
     4017 
     4018     
     4019     
     4020      <p>By default, data from
    10154021each timestep within the interval defined by<font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"> </span></font><a href="#averaging_interval_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">averaging_interval_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and </font></span><a href="#averaging_interval_sp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">averaging_interval_sp</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span>are
    10164022used for calculating the temporal average.&nbsp;By choosing <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input_pr</span>
    … …  
    10184024the number of time levels entering the average can be minimized. This
    10194025reduces the CPU-time of a run but may worsen the quality of the
    1020 average's statistics. <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><br> </p><p>For
    1021 more explanations see parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font></p></td>
    1022 </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_coupling"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_coupling</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of runs with coupled models (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s).<br><br>This parameter has an effect only in case of a run with coupled models.<br>It is available starting from version 3.3a. A more detailed explanation will be given soon.</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output</span><br>
    1023 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1024 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span><br>
    1025 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
     4026average's statistics. <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><br>
     4027
     4028
     4029 </p>
     4030
     4031
     4032     
     4033     
     4034      <p>For
     4035more explanations see parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font></p>
     4036
     4037
     4038      </td>
     4039
     4040
     4041
     4042    </tr>
     4043
     4044
     4045 <tr>
     4046
     4047
     4048      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_coupling"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_coupling</span></td>
     4049
     4050
     4051      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     4052
     4053
     4054      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     4055
     4056
     4057      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of <a href="chapter_3.8.html">runs with coupled models</a> (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s).<br>
     4058
     4059
     4060      <br>
     4061
     4062
     4063This parameter has an effect only in case of a run with coupled models. It is available starting from version 3.3a. <br>
     4064
     4065
     4066      <br>
     4067
     4068
     4069This parameter specifies the temporal interval at which data are
     4070exchanged at the interface between coupled models (currently: interface
     4071between atmosphere and ocean). If this parameter is not explicitly
     4072specified in the parameter files for both coupled models, or if there
     4073is an inconsistency between its values for both coupled models,
     4074the&nbsp;execution will terminate and an informative error message will
     4075be given.&nbsp;In order to ensure synchronous coupling throughout the simulation, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_coupling</span> should be chosen larger than
     4076      <a href="#dt_max">dt_max</a>.</td>
     4077
     4078
     4079    </tr>
     4080
     4081
     4082    <tr>
     4083
     4084
     4085 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output</span><br>
     4086
     4087
     4088
     4089      </td>
     4090
     4091
     4092 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     4093
     4094
     4095 </td>
     4096
     4097
     4098
     4099      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span><br>
     4100
     4101
     4102
     4103      </td>
     4104
     4105
     4106 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4107     
     4108     
     4109      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
    10264110at which&nbsp;data (3d volume data (instantaneous or time
    10274111averaged),
    10284112cross sections (instantaneous or time averaged), vertical profiles,
    10294113spectra) shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></p>
    1030 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
     4114
     4115
     4116
     4117      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
    10314118data output&nbsp;is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>, <a href="#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>, and </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
    10324119parameter can be used to
    … …  
    10434130the&nbsp;timestep used, the actual output times can slightly
    10444131deviate
    1045 from these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br><br>Individual temporal
     4132from these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br>
     4133
     4134
     4135      <br>
     4136
     4137
     4138Individual temporal
    10464139intervals for the different output quantities can be assigned using
    10474140parameters <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>, <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>,
    10484141and <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.</font></span>
    1049 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span><br>
    1050 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1051 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    1052 &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i>
    1053 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
     4142      </td>
     4143
     4144
     4145 </tr>
     4146
     4147
     4148 <tr>
     4149
     4150
     4151 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span><br>
     4152
     4153
     4154
     4155      </td>
     4156
     4157
     4158 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     4159
     4160
     4161 </td>
     4162
     4163
     4164
     4165      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     4166&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     4167
     4168
     4169output</a></i>
     4170      </td>
     4171
     4172
     4173 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4174     
     4175     
     4176      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
    10544177at which time averaged 3d volume data and/or 2d cross section data
    1055 shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If data
     4178shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></p>
     4179
     4180
     4181      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If data
    10564182output of time averaged 2d and 3d data is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
    10574183parameter can be used to
    … …  
    10684194the&nbsp;timestep used, the actual output times can slightly
    10694195deviate from
    1070 these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br><br></font></span>The
     4196these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br>
     4197
     4198
     4199      <br>
     4200
     4201
     4202      </font></span>The
    10714203length of the averaging interval is controlled via parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>.</td>
    1072 </tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_disturb"></a><b>dt_disturb</b></p>
    1073 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1074 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    1075 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     4204
     4205
     4206
     4207    </tr>
     4208
     4209
     4210    <tr>
     4211
     4212
     4213 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4214     
     4215     
     4216      <p><a name="dt_disturb"></a><b>dt_disturb</b></p>
     4217
     4218
     4219
     4220      </td>
     4221
     4222
     4223 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     4224
     4225
     4226
     4227      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     4228
     4229
     4230
     4231      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4232     
     4233     
     4234      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    10764235interval</font> at which random
    10774236perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field
    10784237(</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp; </font>
    1079 </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
     4238      </p>
     4239
     4240
     4241 
     4242     
     4243     
     4244      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
    10804245describes how to impose
    10814246random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span></font><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
    1082 </font> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_dopr"></a><b>dt_dopr</b></p>
    1083 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1084 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    1085 &nbsp;<a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i></td>
    1086 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Temporal
     4247      </font> </p>
     4248
     4249
     4250 </td>
     4251
     4252
     4253 </tr>
     4254
     4255
     4256 <tr>
     4257
     4258
     4259 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4260     
     4261     
     4262      <p><a name="dt_dopr"></a><b>dt_dopr</b></p>
     4263
     4264
     4265
     4266      </td>
     4267
     4268
     4269 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     4270
     4271
     4272
     4273      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     4274&nbsp;<a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     4275
     4276
     4277output</a></i></td>
     4278
     4279
     4280
     4281      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4282     
     4283     
     4284      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Temporal
    10874285interval at
    10884286which data&nbsp;of vertical profiles shall be output (to local
    10894287file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
    10904288or/and </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">PLOT1D_DATA</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
    1091 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;
    1092 </font></span> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
     4289      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;
     4290      </font></span> </p>
     4291
     4292
     4293 
     4294     
     4295     
     4296      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
    10934297horizontally averaged vertical profiles is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">this
    10944298parameter can be used to
    … …  
    10994303of the simulation, thus t = 0,&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">i.e. output
    11004304takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_dopr + dt_dopr</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span> + 2*<b>dt_dopr</b>,
    1101 <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span>
     4305      <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span>
    11024306+ 3*<b>dt_dopr</b>,
    11034307etc.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> Since
    … …  
    11094313model uses a variable time step, these
    11104314deviations from the theoretical output times will of course be
    1111 different for each output time.<br> </font></span></p>
    1112 <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
     4315different for each output time.<br>
     4316
     4317
     4318 </font></span></p>
     4319
     4320
     4321
     4322     
     4323     
     4324      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
    11134325order to
    11144326guarantee an output of profile data at the end of a simulation (see </font></span><font><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">end_time</font></span></a></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) in any way</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">,&nbsp;
    1115 <span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
     4327      <span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
    11164328should be equal or a little bit
    11174329larger than the respective theoretical output time. For example, if <b>dt_dopr</b>
    11184330= <i>900.0</i><span style="font-style: italic;">
    1119 </span>and 3600.0
     4331      </span>and 3600.0
    11204332seconds are to be simulated, then <b>end_time</b>
    11214333&gt;= 3600.0 should be chosen.</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>&nbsp; </font></span>
    1122 </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">A selection of
     4334      </p>
     4335
     4336
     4337 
     4338     
     4339     
     4340      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">A selection of
    11234341profiles to be output can be done via parameter </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.&nbsp;</font></span>
    1124 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_dopr_listing"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr_listing</span><br>
    1125 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1126 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    1127 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     4342      </p>
     4343
     4344
     4345 </td>
     4346
     4347
     4348 </tr>
     4349
     4350
     4351 <tr>
     4352
     4353
     4354 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_dopr_listing"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr_listing</span><br>
     4355
     4356
     4357
     4358      </td>
     4359
     4360
     4361 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     4362
     4363
     4364 </td>
     4365
     4366
     4367
     4368      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     4369
     4370
     4371
     4372      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4373     
     4374     
     4375      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    11284376interval</font> at which data <font face="Thorndale">of
    11294377vertical
    11304378profiles shall be output (output for printouts, local file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">LIST_PROFIL</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
    1131 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></span>
    1132 </p> <p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
     4379      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></span>
     4380      </p>
     4381
     4382
     4383 
     4384     
     4385     
     4386      <p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
    11334387parameter can be used to
    11344388assign the temporal interval at which profile data shall be output.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> Reference
    … …  
    11464400example above). If the model uses a variable time step, these
    11474401deviations from the theoretical output times will of course be
    1148 different for each output time.<br> </font></span></p>
    1149 <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
     4402different for each output time.<br>
     4403
     4404
     4405 </font></span></p>
     4406
     4407
     4408
     4409     
     4410     
     4411      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
    11504412order to
    11514413guarantee an output of profile data at the end of a simulation (see </font></span><font><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">end_time</font></span></a></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) in any way</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">,&nbsp;
    1152 <span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
     4414      <span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
    11534415should be a little bit
    11544416larger than the respective theoretical output time. For example, if <b>dt_dopr_listing</b>
    11554417= <i>900.0</i><span style="font-style: italic;">
    1156 </span>and 3600.0
     4418      </span>and 3600.0
    11574419seconds are to be simulated, then it should be at least&nbsp; <b>end_time</b>
    11584420&gt; 3600.0 + </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. If
    … …  
    11604422(which is the default), <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>
    11614423should be properly estimated.&nbsp; </font></span> </p>
    1162 <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Data
     4424
     4425
     4426
     4427     
     4428     
     4429      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Data
    11634430and output
    11644431format of the file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">LIST_PROFIL</font></span></a>
    1165 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">is
     4432      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">is
    11664433internally fixed. In this file
    11674434the profiles of the most important model variables are arranged in
    1168 adjacent columns.</font></span> </p> </td> </tr>
    1169 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_dots"></a><b>dt_dots</b></p>
    1170 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1171 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td>
    1172 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     4435adjacent columns.</font></span> </p>
     4436
     4437
     4438 </td>
     4439
     4440
     4441 </tr>
     4442
     4443
     4444
     4445    <tr>
     4446
     4447
     4448 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4449     
     4450     
     4451      <p><a name="dt_dots"></a><b>dt_dots</b></p>
     4452
     4453
     4454
     4455      </td>
     4456
     4457
     4458 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     4459
     4460
     4461
     4462      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td>
     4463
     4464
     4465
     4466      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4467     
     4468     
     4469      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    11734470interval</font> at which&nbsp;time series data shall be
    11744471output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font>
    1175 </p> <p>The default interval for the output of timeseries
     4472      </p>
     4473
     4474
     4475 
     4476     
     4477     
     4478      <p>The default interval for the output of timeseries
    11764479is calculated as shown below (this tries to minimize the number of
    1177 calls of <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">flow_statistics</span>)</p><p style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4480calls of <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">flow_statistics</span>)</p>
     4481
     4482
     4483     
     4484     
     4485      <p style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    11784486IF ( <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
    1179 == 0.0 )&nbsp; THEN<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1180 <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
    1181 MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1182 ELSE<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1183 <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
     4487== 0.0 )&nbsp; THEN<br>
     4488
     4489
     4490&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4491      <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
     4492MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>
     4493
     4494
     4495&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4496ELSE<br>
     4497
     4498
     4499&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4500      <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
    11844501MIN( dt_run_control, <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>
    1185 )<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1186 ENDIF</p><p>This parameter can be used to
     4502)<br>
     4503
     4504
     4505&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4506ENDIF</p>
     4507
     4508
     4509     
     4510     
     4511      <p>This parameter can be used to
    11874512assign the temporal interval at which data points shall be output. <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
    11884513time is the beginning of
    … …  
    11944519of the time series are
    11954520written after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dots</b>
    1196 = <i>0</i>).</font></span></p><p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The default
     4521= <i>0</i>).</font></span></p>
     4522
     4523
     4524     
     4525     
     4526      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The default
    11974527value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span>
    1198 is calculated as follows:</font></span></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4528is calculated as follows:</font></span></p>
     4529
     4530
     4531&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    11994532IF ( <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
    1200 == 0.0 )&nbsp; THEN<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1201 <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
    1202 MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1203 ELSE<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1204 <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
     4533== 0.0 )&nbsp; THEN<br>
     4534
     4535
     4536&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4537      <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
     4538MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>
     4539
     4540
     4541&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4542ELSE<br>
     4543
     4544
     4545&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4546      <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
    12054547MIN( <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_run_control</span>,
    1206 <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>
    1207 )<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    1208 ENDIF<br><br>(which minimizes the number of calls of
    1209 routine flow_statistics).<br><p>By default time series data
     4548      <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>
     4549)<br>
     4550
     4551
     4552&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     4553ENDIF<br>
     4554
     4555
     4556      <br>
     4557
     4558
     4559(which minimizes the number of calls of
     4560routine flow_statistics).<br>
     4561
     4562
     4563     
     4564     
     4565      <p>By default time series data
    12104566is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>.
    12114567Because of the default settings of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span>,
    12124568it will&nbsp;generally be created for each model run. The file's
    12134569format is NetCDF.&nbsp; Further details about processing NetCDF
    1214 data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>The
     4570data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
     4571
     4572
     4573The
    12154574file contains the following timeseries quantities (the first column
    1216 gives the name of the quantities as used in the NetCDF file):<br><table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E<br>
    1217 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total
     4575gives the name of the quantities as used in the NetCDF file):<br>
     4576
     4577
     4578     
     4579     
     4580      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     4581
     4582
     4583 <tbody>
     4584
     4585
     4586 <tr>
     4587
     4588
     4589 <td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E<br>
     4590
     4591
     4592
     4593            </td>
     4594
     4595
     4596 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total
    12184597kinetic energy of
    12194598the flow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)
    12204599(normalized with respect to the total number of grid points).</td>
    1221 </tr> <tr> <td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E*<br>
    1222 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Perturbation
     4600
     4601
     4602
     4603          </tr>
     4604
     4605
     4606 <tr>
     4607
     4608
     4609 <td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E*<br>
     4610
     4611
     4612
     4613            </td>
     4614
     4615
     4616 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Perturbation
    12234617kinetic
    12244618energy of the flow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)<sup>
    1225 </sup>(normalized
     4619            </sup>(normalized
    12264620with respect to the total number of grid
    1227 points)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">dt<br>
    1228 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step
    1229 size (in s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">u<sub>*</sub></td>
    1230 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Friction velocity (in
     4621points)</td>
     4622
     4623
     4624 </tr>
     4625
     4626
     4627 <tr>
     4628
     4629
     4630 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">dt<br>
     4631
     4632
     4633
     4634            </td>
     4635
     4636
     4637 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step
     4638size (in s).</td>
     4639
     4640
     4641 </tr>
     4642
     4643
     4644 <tr>
     4645
     4646
     4647 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">u<sub>*</sub></td>
     4648
     4649
     4650
     4651            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Friction velocity (in
    12314652m/s)
    1232 (horizontal average).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w<sub>*</sub></td>
    1233 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical velocity scale
     4653(horizontal average).</td>
     4654
     4655
     4656 </tr>
     4657
     4658
     4659 <tr>
     4660
     4661
     4662 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w<sub>*</sub></td>
     4663
     4664
     4665
     4666            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical velocity scale
    12344667of
    1235 the CBL (in m/s) (horizontal average)</td> </tr> <tr>
    1236 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">th<sub>*</sub></td>
    1237 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Temperature
     4668the CBL (in m/s) (horizontal average)</td>
     4669
     4670
     4671 </tr>
     4672
     4673
     4674 <tr>
     4675
     4676
     4677
     4678            <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">th<sub>*</sub></td>
     4679
     4680
     4681
     4682            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Temperature
    12384683scale (Prandtl layer), defined as <i>w"pt"0
    12394684/&nbsp;</i><i>u<sub>*</sub></i>
    12404685(horizontal
    1241 average) (in K).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">umax<br>
    1242 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     4686average) (in K).</td>
     4687
     4688
     4689 </tr>
     4690
     4691
     4692 <tr>
     4693
     4694
     4695 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">umax<br>
     4696
     4697
     4698
     4699            </td>
     4700
     4701
     4702 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
    12434703u-component of the
    1244 velocity (in m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">vmax<br>
    1245 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     4704velocity (in m/s).</td>
     4705
     4706
     4707 </tr>
     4708
     4709
     4710 <tr>
     4711
     4712
     4713 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">vmax<br>
     4714
     4715
     4716
     4717            </td>
     4718
     4719
     4720 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
    12464721v-component of the
    1247 velocity (in m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wmax<br>
    1248 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
     4722velocity (in m/s).</td>
     4723
     4724
     4725 </tr>
     4726
     4727
     4728 <tr>
     4729
     4730
     4731 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wmax<br>
     4732
     4733
     4734
     4735            </td>
     4736
     4737
     4738 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
    12494739w-component of the
    1250 velocity (in m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_old<br>
    1251 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence
     4740velocity (in m/s).</td>
     4741
     4742
     4743 </tr>
     4744
     4745
     4746 <tr>
     4747
     4748
     4749 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_old<br>
     4750
     4751
     4752
     4753            </td>
     4754
     4755
     4756 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence
    12524757of the velocity
    12534758field before the pressure
    12544759solver has been called (normalized with respect to the total number of
    1255 grid points) (in 1/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_new</td>
    1256 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence of the
     4760grid points) (in 1/s).</td>
     4761
     4762
     4763 </tr>
     4764
     4765
     4766 <tr>
     4767
     4768
     4769 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_new</td>
     4770
     4771
     4772
     4773            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence of the
    12574774velocity
    12584775field after the pressure
    12594776solver has been called (normalized with respect to the total number of
    1260 grid points) (in 1/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_wpt</td>
    1261 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
     4777grid points) (in 1/s).</td>
     4778
     4779
     4780 </tr>
     4781
     4782
     4783 <tr>
     4784
     4785
     4786 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_wpt</td>
     4787
     4788
     4789
     4790            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
    12624791boundary layer (horizontal average)
    12634792determined by the height of the minimum sensible heat flux (in m).</td>
    1264 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_pt</td>
    1265 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
     4793
     4794
     4795
     4796          </tr>
     4797
     4798
     4799 <tr>
     4800
     4801
     4802 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_pt</td>
     4803
     4804
     4805
     4806            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
    12664807boundary layer (horizontal average)
    1267 determined by the temperature profile (in m).</td> </tr> <tr>
    1268 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"0</td>
    1269 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale sensible
     4808determined by the temperature profile (in m).</td>
     4809
     4810
     4811 </tr>
     4812
     4813
     4814 <tr>
     4815
     4816
     4817
     4818            <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"0</td>
     4819
     4820
     4821
     4822            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale sensible
    12704823heat flux near the surface (horizontal
    12714824average)
    12724825between z = 0 and z = z<sub>p</sub> = zu(1) (there it
    12734826corresponds to
    1274 the total heat flux) (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"</td>
    1275 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale heat flux
     4827the total heat flux) (in K m/s).</td>
     4828
     4829
     4830 </tr>
     4831
     4832
     4833 <tr>
     4834
     4835
     4836 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"</td>
     4837
     4838
     4839
     4840            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale heat flux
    12764841(horizontal average) for z = zw(1) (in K
    1277 m/s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wpt</td>
    1278 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total heat flux
    1279 (horizontal average) for z = zw(1) (in K m/s).</td> </tr> <tr>
    1280 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(0)</td>
    1281 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature at
    1282 the surface (horizontal average) (in K).</td> </tr> <tr>
    1283 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(zp)</td>
    1284 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature for
    1285 z = zu(1) (horizontal average) (in K).</td> </tr> <tr>
    1286 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">splptx</td>
    1287 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Percentage of grid points
     4842m/s).</td>
     4843
     4844
     4845 </tr>
     4846
     4847
     4848 <tr>
     4849
     4850
     4851 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wpt</td>
     4852
     4853
     4854
     4855            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Total heat flux
     4856(horizontal average) for z = zw(1) (in K m/s).</td>
     4857
     4858
     4859 </tr>
     4860
     4861
     4862 <tr>
     4863
     4864
     4865
     4866            <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(0)</td>
     4867
     4868
     4869
     4870            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature at
     4871the surface (horizontal average) (in K).</td>
     4872
     4873
     4874 </tr>
     4875
     4876
     4877 <tr>
     4878
     4879
     4880
     4881            <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(zp)</td>
     4882
     4883
     4884
     4885            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature for
     4886z = zu(1) (horizontal average) (in K).</td>
     4887
     4888
     4889 </tr>
     4890
     4891
     4892 <tr>
     4893
     4894
     4895
     4896            <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">splptx</td>
     4897
     4898
     4899
     4900            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Percentage of grid points
    12884901using upstream scheme along x with
    1289 upstream-spline advection switched on.</td> </tr> <tr>
    1290 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">splpty</td>
    1291 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Percentage of grid points
     4902upstream-spline advection switched on.</td>
     4903
     4904
     4905 </tr>
     4906
     4907
     4908 <tr>
     4909
     4910
     4911
     4912            <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">splpty</td>
     4913
     4914
     4915
     4916            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Percentage of grid points
    12924917using upstream scheme along y with
    12934918upstream-spline
    1294 advection switched on.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">splptz</td>
    1295 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Percentage of grid points
     4919advection switched on.</td>
     4920
     4921
     4922 </tr>
     4923
     4924
     4925 <tr>
     4926
     4927
     4928 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">splptz</td>
     4929
     4930
     4931
     4932            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Percentage of grid points
    12964933using upstream scheme along z with
    12974934upstream-spline
    1298 advection switched on.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">L</td>
    1299 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Monin-Obukhov length.</td>
    1300 </tr> </tbody> </table><br>Additionally, the
     4935advection switched on.<br>
     4936
     4937
     4938 </td>
     4939
     4940
     4941 </tr>
     4942
     4943
     4944 <tr>
     4945
     4946
     4947 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">L</td>
     4948
     4949
     4950
     4951            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Monin-Obukhov length.</td>
     4952
     4953
     4954
     4955          </tr>
     4956
     4957
     4958 
     4959       
     4960       
     4961        </tbody>
     4962     
     4963     
     4964      </table>
     4965
     4966
     4967      <br>
     4968
     4969
     4970Additionally, the
    13014971user can add his own timeseries quantities to the file, by using the
    13024972user-interface subroutines<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init">user_init</a> </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_statistics">user_statistics</a></span>.
    13034973These routines contain (as comment lines) a simple example how to do
    1304 this.<br><br>Time series data refers to the total
     4974this.<br>
     4975
     4976
     4977      <br>
     4978
     4979
     4980Time series data refers to the total
    13054981domain, but time series for subdomains can also be output (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
    13064982However, the following time series always present the values of the
    13074983total model domain (even with output for subdomains): <i>umax</i>,
    1308 <i>vmax</i>, <i>wmax</i>, <i>div_old</i>,
    1309 <i>div_new</i>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_do2d_xy"></a><b>dt_do2d_xy</b></p>
    1310 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1311 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    1312 &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i></td>
    1313 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     4984      <i>vmax</i>, <i>wmax</i>, <i>div_old</i>,
     4985      <i>div_new</i>.</td>
     4986
     4987
     4988 </tr>
     4989
     4990
     4991 <tr>
     4992
     4993
     4994 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     4995     
     4996     
     4997      <p><a name="dt_do2d_xy"></a><b>dt_do2d_xy</b></p>
     4998
     4999
     5000
     5001      </td>
     5002
     5003
     5004 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5005
     5006
     5007
     5008      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     5009&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     5010
     5011
     5012output</a></i></td>
     5013
     5014
     5015
     5016      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5017     
     5018     
     5019      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    13145020interval</font> at which&nbsp;horizontal cross section data
    13155021shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;
    1316 </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
     5022      </font> </p>
     5023
     5024
     5025 
     5026     
     5027     
     5028      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
    13175029horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
    1318 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
    1319 </font></span><a href="#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
     5030      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
     5031      </font></span><a href="#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
    13205032parameter can be used to
    13215033assign the temporal interval at which cross section data shall be
    … …  
    13255037time is the beginning of the simulation, i.e. output
    13265038takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_xy + dt_do2d_xy</b>,
    1327 <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
     5039      <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
    13285040+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_xy</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
    13295041+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_xy</b>,
    13305042etc. The actual output times can deviate from these theoretical values
    13315043(see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
    1332 </font></span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
     5044
     5045
     5046
     5047      </font></span></p>
     5048
     5049
     5050 
     5051     
     5052     
     5053      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
    13335054has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
    13345055the time t = 0 or at the
    13355056respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
    1336 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_do2d_xz"></a><b>dt_do2d_xz</b></p>
    1337 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1338 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    1339 &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i></td>
    1340 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     5057
     5058
     5059
     5060      </td>
     5061
     5062
     5063 </tr>
     5064
     5065
     5066 <tr>
     5067
     5068
     5069 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5070     
     5071     
     5072      <p><a name="dt_do2d_xz"></a><b>dt_do2d_xz</b></p>
     5073
     5074
     5075
     5076      </td>
     5077
     5078
     5079 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5080
     5081
     5082
     5083      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     5084&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     5085
     5086
     5087output</a></i></td>
     5088
     5089
     5090
     5091      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5092     
     5093     
     5094      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    13415095interval</font> at which&nbsp;vertical cross sections data
    13425096(xz) shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;
    1343 </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
     5097      </font> </p>
     5098
     5099
     5100 
     5101     
     5102     
     5103      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
    13445104horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
    1345 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
    1346 </font></span><a href="#section_xz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
     5105      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
     5106      </font></span><a href="#section_xz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
    13475107this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
    13485108cross section data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
    … …  
    13515111the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_xz
    13525112+ dt_do2d_xz</b>,
    1353 <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
     5113      <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
    13545114+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_xz</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
    13555115+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_xz</b>, etc. The actual output times
    13565116can deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
    1357 </font></span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
     5117
     5118
     5119
     5120      </font></span></p>
     5121
     5122
     5123 
     5124     
     5125     
     5126      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
    13585127has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
    13595128the time t = 0 or at the
    13605129respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
    1361 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_do2d_yz"></a><b>dt_do2d_yz</b></p>
    1362 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1363 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    1364 &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i></td>
    1365 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     5130
     5131
     5132
     5133      </td>
     5134
     5135
     5136 </tr>
     5137
     5138
     5139 <tr>
     5140
     5141
     5142 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5143     
     5144     
     5145      <p><a name="dt_do2d_yz"></a><b>dt_do2d_yz</b></p>
     5146
     5147
     5148
     5149      </td>
     5150
     5151
     5152 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5153
     5154
     5155
     5156      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     5157&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     5158
     5159
     5160output</a></i></td>
     5161
     5162
     5163
     5164      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5165     
     5166     
     5167      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    13665168interval</font> at which&nbsp;vertical cross section data
    13675169(yz) shall be output (</font>in s<font face="Thorndale">).&nbsp;
    1368 </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
     5170      </font> </p>
     5171
     5172
     5173 
     5174     
     5175     
     5176      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
    13695177horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
    1370 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
    1371 </font></span><a href="#section_yz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_yz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
     5178      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
     5179      </font></span><a href="#section_yz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_yz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
    13725180this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
    13735181cross section data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
    … …  
    13775185the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_yz
    13785186+ dt_do2d_yz</b>,
    1379 <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span>
     5187      <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span>
    13805188+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_yz</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz
    1381 </span>+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_yz</b>, etc. The actual output
     5189      </span>+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_yz</b>, etc. The actual output
    13825190times
    13835191can deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
    1384 </font></span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
     5192
     5193
     5194
     5195      </font></span></p>
     5196
     5197
     5198 
     5199     
     5200     
     5201      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
    13855202has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
    13865203the time t = 0 or at the
    13875204respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
    1388 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_do3d"></a><b>dt_do3d</b></p>
    1389 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1390 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    1391 &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i></td>
    1392 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     5205
     5206
     5207
     5208      </td>
     5209
     5210
     5211 </tr>
     5212
     5213
     5214 <tr>
     5215
     5216
     5217 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5218     
     5219     
     5220      <p><a name="dt_do3d"></a><b>dt_do3d</b></p>
     5221
     5222
     5223
     5224      </td>
     5225
     5226
     5227 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5228
     5229
     5230
     5231      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     5232&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     5233
     5234
     5235output</a></i></td>
     5236
     5237
     5238
     5239      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5240     
     5241     
     5242      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    13935243interval</font> at which 3d volume data shall be output (</font>in
    1394 <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp; </font> </p>
    1395 <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
     5244      <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp; </font> </p>
     5245
     5246
     5247
     5248     
     5249     
     5250      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
    13965251output of
    139752523d-volume data is switched on (see </font></span><font><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>)<span style="font-family: thorndale;">, this parameter can be used
    … …  
    14045259beginning of the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do3d
    14055260+ dt_do3d</b>,
    1406 <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span>
     5261      <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span>
    14075262+ 2*<b>dt_do3d</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span>
    14085263+ 3*<b>dt_do3d</b>, etc. The actual output times can
    14095264deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">). <br>
    1410 </font></span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do3d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do3d_at_begin</font></span></a>
     5265
     5266
     5267
     5268      </font></span></p>
     5269
     5270
     5271 
     5272     
     5273     
     5274      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do3d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do3d_at_begin</font></span></a>
    14115275has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
    14125276the time t = 0 or at the
    14135277respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
    1414 </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_max</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">20.0</span></td><td>Maximum
    1415 allowed value of the timestep (in s).<br><br>By default,
     5278
     5279
     5280
     5281      </td>
     5282
     5283
     5284 </tr>
     5285
     5286
     5287 <tr>
     5288
     5289
     5290      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_max</span></td>
     5291
     5292
     5293      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5294
     5295
     5296      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">20.0</span></td>
     5297
     5298
     5299      <td>Maximum
     5300allowed value of the timestep (in s).<br>
     5301
     5302
     5303      <br>
     5304
     5305
     5306By default,
    14165307the maximum timestep is restricted to be 20 s. This might be o.k. for
    14175308simulations of any kind of atmospheric turbulence but may have to be
    1418 changed for other situations.</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_restart"></a><b>dt_restart</b></p>
    1419 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1420 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    1421 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     5309changed for other situations.</td>
     5310
     5311
     5312    </tr>
     5313
     5314
     5315    <tr>
     5316
     5317
     5318 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5319     
     5320     
     5321      <p><a name="dt_restart"></a><b>dt_restart</b></p>
     5322
     5323
     5324
     5325      </td>
     5326
     5327
     5328 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5329
     5330
     5331
     5332      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     5333
     5334
     5335
     5336      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5337     
     5338     
     5339      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    14225340interval</font> at which a new
    1423 restart run is to be carried out (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">For a
     5341restart run is to be carried out (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font> </p>
     5342
     5343
     5344 
     5345     
     5346     
     5347      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">For a
    14245348description
    14255349how to assign restart times manually see run time parameter </font></span><a href="#restart_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">restart_time</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_restart</span>
    14265350does not show any effect, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">restart_time</span>
    1427 has not been set.</font></span> </p> </td> </tr>
    1428 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_run_control"></a><b>dt_run_control</b></p>
    1429 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1430 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>60.0</i></td>
    1431 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     5351has not been set.</font></span></p>
     5352
     5353     
     5354      <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be&nbsp;equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
     5355and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
     5356
     5357
     5358 </td>
     5359
     5360
     5361 </tr>
     5362
     5363
     5364
     5365    <tr>
     5366
     5367
     5368 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5369     
     5370     
     5371      <p><a name="dt_run_control"></a><b>dt_run_control</b></p>
     5372
     5373
     5374
     5375      </td>
     5376
     5377
     5378 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5379
     5380
     5381
     5382      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>60.0</i></td>
     5383
     5384
     5385
     5386      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5387     
     5388     
     5389      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    14325390interval</font> at which run control
    14335391output is to be made (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;
    1434 </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
     5392      </font> </p>
     5393
     5394
     5395 
     5396     
     5397     
     5398      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
    14355399information is output to the local ASCII-file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">RUN_CONTROL</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. At each
    14365400output time, one line
    … …  
    14435407respective starting times of restart runs). The actual output times can
    14445408deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
    1445 </font></span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
     5409
     5410
     5411
     5412      </font></span></p>
     5413
     5414
     5415 
     5416     
     5417     
     5418      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
    14465419information is output after each time step can be achieved via <b>dt_run_control</b>
    1447 = <i>0.0</i>.</font></span> </p> </td>
    1448 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="end_time"></a><b>end_time</b></p>
    1449 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1450 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    1451 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Simulation time of the 3D
     5420= <i>0.0</i>.</font></span> </p>
     5421
     5422
     5423 </td>
     5424
     5425
     5426
     5427    </tr>
     5428
     5429
     5430 <tr>
     5431
     5432
     5433 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5434     
     5435     
     5436      <p><a name="end_time"></a><b>end_time</b></p>
     5437
     5438
     5439
     5440      </td>
     5441
     5442
     5443 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5444
     5445
     5446
     5447      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     5448
     5449
     5450
     5451      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5452     
     5453     
     5454      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Simulation time of the 3D
    14525455model (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;
    1453 </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The simulation time
     5456      </font> </p>
     5457
     5458
     5459 
     5460     
     5461     
     5462      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The simulation time
    14545463is starting from the beginning of the initialization run (t = 0), not
    1455 starting from the beginning of the respective restart run.</font></span>
    1456 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="force_print_header"></a><b>force_print_header</b></p>
    1457 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
    1458 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    1459 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Steering of
     5464starting from the beginning of the respective restart run.</font></span></p>
     5465
     5466     
     5467      <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be&nbsp;equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
     5468and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
     5469
     5470
     5471 </td>
     5472
     5473
     5474 </tr>
     5475
     5476
     5477 <tr>
     5478
     5479
     5480 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5481     
     5482     
     5483      <p><a name="force_print_header"></a><b>force_print_header</b></p>
     5484
     5485
     5486
     5487      </td>
     5488
     5489
     5490 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     5491
     5492
     5493
     5494      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     5495
     5496
     5497
     5498      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5499     
     5500     
     5501      <p>Steering of
    14605502header output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.&nbsp;
    1461 </p> <p>By default, informations about the model
     5503      </p>
     5504
     5505
     5506 
     5507     
     5508     
     5509      <p>By default, informations about the model
    14625510parameters in use are
    14635511output to the beginning of file RUN_CONTROL for initial runs only
    … …  
    14675515these informations are
    14685516also output to <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
    1469 at restart runs.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="mg_cycles"></a><b>mg_cycles</b></p>
    1470 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1471 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>-1</i></td>
    1472 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of
    1473 cycles to be used with the multi-grid scheme.<br> <br>
     5517at restart runs.</p>
     5518
     5519
     5520 </td>
     5521
     5522
     5523 </tr>
     5524
     5525
     5526 <tr>
     5527
     5528
     5529 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5530     
     5531     
     5532      <p><a name="mg_cycles"></a><b>mg_cycles</b></p>
     5533
     5534
     5535
     5536      </td>
     5537
     5538
     5539 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5540
     5541
     5542
     5543      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>-1</i></td>
     5544
     5545
     5546
     5547      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5548     
     5549     
     5550      <p>Number of
     5551cycles to be used with the multi-grid scheme.<br>
     5552
     5553
     5554 <br>
     5555
     5556
     5557
    14745558This parameter determines the number of cycles to be carried out in the
    14755559multi-grid method used for solving the Poisson equation for
    14765560perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
    14775561The type of the cycles can be set with <a href="#cycle_mg">cycle_mg</a>.<br>
    1478 </p> <br>By default (<b>mg_cyles</b> = <i>-
     5562
     5563
     5564
     5565      </p>
     5566
     5567
     5568 <br>
     5569
     5570
     5571By default (<b>mg_cyles</b> = <i>-
    147955721</i>), the
    14805573number of cycles
    … …  
    14825575and may vary from time step to time step. In this case, the CPU time
    14835576for a run will be difficult to estimate, since it heavily depends on
    1484 the total number of the cycles to be carried out.<br> <br>
     5577the total number of the cycles to be carried out.<br>
     5578
     5579
     5580 <br>
     5581
     5582
     5583
    14855584By assigning <b>mg_cycles</b> a value (&gt;=<span style="font-style: italic;">1</span>), the number of
    14865585cycles can be
    1487 fixed so that the CPU time can be clearly estimated. <br> <br>
    1488 <b>Note:</b> When using a fixed number of cycles, the user
     5586fixed so that the CPU time can be clearly estimated. <br>
     5587
     5588
     5589 <br>
     5590
     5591
     5592
     5593      <b>Note:</b> When using a fixed number of cycles, the user
    14895594must
    14905595examine the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
    … …  
    14975602non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions <span style="font-weight: bold;">mg_cycles</span>
    14985603= <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span> may be
    1499 sufficient.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mg_switch_to_pe0_level"></a><b>mg_switch_to_pe0_<br>
    1500 level</b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1501 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
    1502 level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br> <br>
     5604sufficient.</td>
     5605
     5606
     5607 </tr>
     5608
     5609
     5610 <tr>
     5611
     5612
     5613 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mg_switch_to_pe0_level"></a><b>mg_switch_to_pe0_<br>
     5614
     5615
     5616
     5617level</b></td>
     5618
     5619
     5620 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5621
     5622
     5623
     5624      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     5625
     5626
     5627 </td>
     5628
     5629
     5630 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
     5631level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br>
     5632
     5633
     5634 <br>
     5635
     5636
     5637
    15035638In case of a run using several PEs and the multigrid method for solving
    15045639the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>),
    … …  
    15095644It is only possible to gather data from a level larger than the one
    15105645determined automatically. A test run may be neccessary to determine
    1511 this level.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_64bit"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_64bit</span><br>
    1512 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    1513 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> </td>
    1514 <td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF files will have 64
    1515 bit offset format.<br><br>By
     5646this level.</td>
     5647
     5648
     5649 </tr>
     5650
     5651
     5652 <tr>
     5653
     5654
     5655 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_64bit"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_64bit</span><br>
     5656
     5657
     5658
     5659      </td>
     5660
     5661
     5662 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     5663
     5664
     5665 </td>
     5666
     5667
     5668
     5669      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br>
     5670
     5671
     5672 </td>
     5673
     5674
     5675
     5676      <td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF files will have 64
     5677bit offset format.<br>
     5678
     5679
     5680      <br>
     5681
     5682
     5683By
    15165684default, the maximum file size of the NetCDF files opened by PALM is 2
    15175685GByte. Using netcdf_64bit = .TRUE. allows file sizes larger than 2
    1518 GByte.<br><br>The 64 bit offset format can be separately
     5686GByte.<br>
     5687
     5688
     5689      <br>
     5690
     5691
     5692The 64 bit offset format can be separately
    15195693switched off for those NetCDF files containing 3d volume date (<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">DATA_3D_NETCDF</span>,
    1520 <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</span>)
    1521 using <a href="#netcdf_64bit_3d">netcdf_64bit_3d</a>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span><br>Some
     5694      <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</span>)
     5695using <a href="#netcdf_64bit_3d">netcdf_64bit_3d</a>.<br>
     5696
     5697
     5698      <br>
     5699
     5700
     5701      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span><br>
     5702
     5703
     5704Some
    15225705(PD or commercial) software may not support the 64 bit offset format.<br>
    1523 </td> </tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_64bit_3d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_64bit_3d</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">.T.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF files containing 3d
    1524 volume data will have 64 bit offset format.<br><br>This
     5706
     5707
     5708
     5709      </td>
     5710
     5711
     5712 </tr>
     5713
     5714
     5715    <tr>
     5716
     5717
     5718      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_64bit_3d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_64bit_3d</span></td>
     5719
     5720
     5721      <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     5722
     5723
     5724      <td style="vertical-align: top;">.T.</td>
     5725
     5726
     5727      <td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF files containing 3d
     5728volume data will have 64 bit offset format.<br>
     5729
     5730
     5731      <br>
     5732
     5733
     5734This
    15255735switch&nbsp;only comes into effect if <a href="#netcdf_64bit">netcdf_64bit</a>
    15265736= .TRUE.. It allows to switch off separately the 64 bit offset format
    15275737for those NetCDF files containing 3d volume data (<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">DATA_3D_NETCDF</span>,
    1528 <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</span>).</td></tr><tr>
    1529 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="ngsrb"></a><b>ngsrb</b></p> </td>
    1530 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
    1531 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
    1532 level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br> <br>
     5738      <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</span>).</td>
     5739
     5740
     5741    </tr>
     5742
     5743
     5744    <tr>
     5745
     5746
     5747
     5748      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5749     
     5750     
     5751      <p><a name="ngsrb"></a><b>ngsrb</b></p>
     5752
     5753
     5754 </td>
     5755
     5756
     5757
     5758      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5759
     5760
     5761 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
     5762
     5763
     5764
     5765      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
     5766level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br>
     5767
     5768
     5769 <br>
     5770
     5771
     5772
    15335773In case of a run using several PEs and the multigrid method for solving
    15345774the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>),
    … …  
    15395779It is only possible to gather data from a level larger than the one
    15405780determined automatically. A test run may be neccessary to determine
    1541 this level.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="normalizing_region"></a><b>normalizing_region</b></p>
    1542 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1543 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0</span><br> </td>
    1544 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Determines the
     5781this level.</td>
     5782
     5783
     5784 </tr>
     5785
     5786
     5787 <tr>
     5788
     5789
     5790 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5791     
     5792     
     5793      <p><a name="normalizing_region"></a><b>normalizing_region</b></p>
     5794
     5795
     5796
     5797      </td>
     5798
     5799
     5800 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5801
     5802
     5803
     5804      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0</span><br>
     5805
     5806
     5807 </td>
     5808
     5809
     5810
     5811      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5812     
     5813     
     5814      <p>Determines the
    15455815subdomain from which the normalization
    1546 quantities are calculated.&nbsp; </p> <p>If output
     5816quantities are calculated.&nbsp; </p>
     5817
     5818
     5819 
     5820     
     5821     
     5822      <p>If output
    15475823data of the horizontally averaged vertical profiles
    15485824(see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
    15495825is to be normalized (see <a href="#cross_normalized_x">cross_normalized_x</a>,
    1550 <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>),
     5826      <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>),
    15515827the respective normalization quantities are by default calculated from
    15525828the averaged data of the total model domain (<b>normalizing_region</b>
    … …  
    15595835hold. These
    15605836quantities are then used for normalizing of all profiles (even for that
    1561 of the total domain).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="nsor"></a><b>nsor</b></p>
    1562 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1563 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>20</i></td>
    1564 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of
    1565 iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     5837of the total domain).</p>
     5838
     5839
     5840 </td>
     5841
     5842
     5843 </tr>
     5844
     5845
     5846 <tr>
     5847
     5848
     5849 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5850     
     5851     
     5852      <p><a name="nsor"></a><b>nsor</b></p>
     5853
     5854
     5855
     5856      </td>
     5857
     5858
     5859 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5860
     5861
     5862
     5863      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>20</i></td>
     5864
     5865
     5866
     5867      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5868     
     5869     
     5870      <p>Number of
     5871iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme.&nbsp; </p>
     5872
     5873
     5874 
     5875     
     5876     
     5877      <p>This
    15665878parameter is only effective if the SOR-scheme is selected
    15675879as pressure solver (<a href="#psolver">psolver</a>
    … …  
    15735885point numbers). The number of iterations used for the first call of the
    15745886SOR-scheme (t = 0) is determined via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini">nsor_ini</a>.</p>
    1575 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="nz_do3d"></a><b>nz_do3d</b></p>
    1576 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1577 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>nz+1</i></td>
    1578 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> Limits the output of 3d
    1579 volume data along the vertical direction (grid point index k).<br><br>By
     5887
     5888
     5889
     5890      </td>
     5891
     5892
     5893 </tr>
     5894
     5895
     5896 <tr>
     5897
     5898
     5899 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5900     
     5901     
     5902      <p><a name="nz_do3d"></a><b>nz_do3d</b></p>
     5903
     5904
     5905
     5906      </td>
     5907
     5908
     5909 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     5910
     5911
     5912
     5913      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>nz+1</i></td>
     5914
     5915
     5916
     5917      <td style="vertical-align: top;"> Limits the output of 3d
     5918volume data along the vertical direction (grid point index k).<br>
     5919
     5920
     5921      <br>
     5922
     5923
     5924By
    15805925default, data for all grid points along z are output. The parameter <span style="font-weight: bold;">nz_do3d</span>
    15815926can be used to limit the output up to a certain vertical grid point
    … …  
    15845929for <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>-software,
    15855930see <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>).</td>
    1586 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="omega_sor"></a><b>omega_sor</b></p>
    1587 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1588 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.8</i></td>
    1589 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Convergence
    1590 factor to be used with the the SOR-scheme.&nbsp; </p> <p>If
     5931
     5932
     5933
     5934    </tr>
     5935
     5936
     5937 <tr>
     5938
     5939
     5940 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5941     
     5942     
     5943      <p><a name="omega_sor"></a><b>omega_sor</b></p>
     5944
     5945
     5946
     5947      </td>
     5948
     5949
     5950 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     5951
     5952
     5953
     5954      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.8</i></td>
     5955
     5956
     5957
     5958      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5959     
     5960     
     5961      <p>Convergence
     5962factor to be used with the the SOR-scheme.&nbsp; </p>
     5963
     5964
     5965 
     5966     
     5967     
     5968      <p>If
    15915969the SOR-scheme is selected (<a href="#psolver">psolver</a>
    15925970= <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>),
    … …  
    15975975depends on the number of grid points along the different directions in
    15985976space. For non-equidistant grids it can only be determined by
    1599 appropriate test runs.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="prandtl_number"></a><b>prandtl_number</b></p>
    1600 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1601 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
    1602 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Ratio of the
     5977appropriate test runs.</p>
     5978
     5979
     5980 </td>
     5981
     5982
     5983 </tr>
     5984
     5985
     5986 <tr>
     5987
     5988
     5989 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     5990     
     5991     
     5992      <p><a name="prandtl_number"></a><b>prandtl_number</b></p>
     5993
     5994
     5995
     5996      </td>
     5997
     5998
     5999 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6000
     6001
     6002
     6003      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
     6004
     6005
     6006
     6007      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6008     
     6009     
     6010      <p>Ratio of the
    16036011eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat (K<sub>m</sub>/K<sub>h</sub>).&nbsp;
    1604 </p> <p>For runs with constant eddy diffusivity (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_constant">km_constant</a>),
     6012      </p>
     6013
     6014
     6015 
     6016     
     6017     
     6018      <p>For runs with constant eddy diffusivity (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_constant">km_constant</a>),
    16056019this parameter can be used to assign the Prandtl number (ratio K<sub>m</sub>
    1606 / K<sub>h</sub>).</p> </td> </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="precipitation_amount_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">precipitation_amount_</span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">interval</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    1607 &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_<br>xy</a></i></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     6020/ K<sub>h</sub>).</p>
     6021
     6022
     6023 </td>
     6024
     6025
     6026 </tr>
     6027
     6028
     6029 <tr>
     6030
     6031
     6032      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="precipitation_amount_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">precipitation_amount_</span><br style="font-weight: bold;">
     6033
     6034
     6035      <span style="font-weight: bold;">interval</span></td>
     6036
     6037
     6038      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6039
     6040
     6041      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     6042&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_<br>
     6043
     6044
     6045xy</a></i></td>
     6046
     6047
     6048      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6049     
     6050     
     6051      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    16086052interval</font> for which the precipitation amount (in mm) shall be calculated and output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;
    1609 </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">This
     6053      </font> </p>
     6054
     6055
     6056 
     6057     
     6058     
     6059      <p><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">This
    16106060parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>.&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>The interval must be smaller or equal than the output interval for 2d horizontal cross sections given by </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_do2d_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">). The output of the precipitation amount also requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> 'pra*'</span>.<br>
    1611 </font></span></p> <span lang="en-GB"></span></td></tr><tr>
    1612 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="profile_columns"></a><b>profile_columns</b></p>
    1613 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1614 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>3</i></td>
    1615 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of
     6061
     6062
     6063
     6064      </font></span></p>
     6065
     6066
     6067 <span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
     6068
     6069
     6070    </tr>
     6071
     6072
     6073    <tr>
     6074
     6075
     6076
     6077      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6078     
     6079     
     6080      <p><a name="profile_columns"></a><b>profile_columns</b></p>
     6081
     6082
     6083
     6084      </td>
     6085
     6086
     6087 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     6088
     6089
     6090
     6091      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>3</i></td>
     6092
     6093
     6094
     6095      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6096     
     6097     
     6098      <p>Number of
    16166099coordinate systems to be plotted<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
    16176100in one row by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.&nbsp;
    1618 </p> <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    1619 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>It
     6101      </p>
     6102
     6103
     6104 
     6105     
     6106     
     6107      <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
     6108= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     6109
     6110
     6111     
     6112     
     6113      <p>It
    16206114determines the layout of plots of
    16216115horizontally averaged profiles (<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
    … …  
    16246118plotted on one page are
    16256119determined by <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>.
    1626 <b>profile_columns</b>
     6120      <b>profile_columns</b>
    16276121determines how many panels are to be
    16286122arranged next to each other in one row (number of columns). The
    … …  
    16376131If
    16386132row&nbsp; contains any panel, then the value of <b>profile_rows</b>
    1639 is reduced automatically.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    1640 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="profile_rows"></a><b>profile_rows</b></p>
    1641 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
    1642 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
    1643 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Number of rows
     6133is reduced automatically.</p>
     6134
     6135
     6136 </td>
     6137
     6138
     6139 </tr>
     6140
     6141
     6142 <tr>
     6143
     6144
     6145
     6146      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6147     
     6148     
     6149      <p><a name="profile_rows"></a><b>profile_rows</b></p>
     6150
     6151
     6152
     6153      </td>
     6154
     6155
     6156 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     6157
     6158
     6159
     6160      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
     6161
     6162
     6163
     6164      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6165     
     6166     
     6167      <p>Number of rows
    16446168of coordinate systems to be plotted on one page
    16456169by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.&nbsp;
    1646 </p> <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    1647 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>It
     6170      </p>
     6171
     6172
     6173 
     6174     
     6175     
     6176      <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
     6177= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     6178
     6179
     6180     
     6181     
     6182      <p>It
    16486183determines the layout of plots of horizontally averaged
    16496184profiles. See <a href="#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>.</p>
    1650 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="psolver"></a><b>psolver</b></p>
    1651 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
    1652 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'poisfft'</i></td>
    1653 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Scheme to be
     6185
     6186
     6187
     6188      </td>
     6189
     6190
     6191 </tr>
     6192
     6193
     6194 <tr>
     6195
     6196
     6197 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6198     
     6199     
     6200      <p><a name="psolver"></a><b>psolver</b></p>
     6201
     6202
     6203
     6204      </td>
     6205
     6206
     6207 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
     6208
     6209
     6210
     6211      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'poisfft'</i></td>
     6212
     6213
     6214
     6215      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6216     
     6217     
     6218      <p>Scheme to be
    16546219used to solve the Poisson equation for the
    1655 perturbation pressure.&nbsp; </p> <br>
    1656 The user can choose between the following schemes:<br> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>poisfft</i></td>
    1657 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct method using FFT
     6220perturbation pressure.&nbsp; </p>
     6221
     6222
     6223 <br>
     6224
     6225
     6226
     6227The user can choose between the following schemes:<br>
     6228
     6229
     6230 
     6231     
     6232     
     6233      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     6234
     6235
     6236 <tbody>
     6237
     6238
     6239 <tr>
     6240
     6241
     6242 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>poisfft</i></td>
     6243
     6244
     6245
     6246            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct method using FFT
    16586247along x and y, solution of a
    16596248tridiagonal matrix along z, and backward
    16606249FFT (see Siano, institute reports, volume 54). The FFT routines to be
    16616250used can be determined via the initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.<br>
     6251
     6252
     6253
    16626254This solver is specially optimized for 1d domain decompositions.
    16636255Vectorization is optimized for domain decompositions along x only.</td>
    1664 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><i>poisfft_</i>
    1665 <br> <i>hybrid</i></p>
    1666 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct
     6256
     6257
     6258
     6259          </tr>
     6260
     6261
     6262 <tr>
     6263
     6264
     6265 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6266           
     6267           
     6268            <p><i>poisfft_</i>
     6269            <br>
     6270
     6271
     6272 <i>hybrid</i></p>
     6273
     6274
     6275
     6276            </td>
     6277
     6278
     6279 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct
    16676280method using FFT
    16686281along x and y, solution of a
    … …  
    16706283FFT (see Siano, institute reports, volume 54). The FFT routines to be
    16716284used can be determined via the initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.<br>
     6285
     6286
     6287
    16726288This solver is specially optimized for 1d domain decompositions.
    16736289Vectorization is optimized for domain decompositions along x only.</td>
    1674 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>multigrid</i></td>
    1675 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Multi-grid
     6290
     6291
     6292
     6293          </tr>
     6294
     6295
     6296 <tr>
     6297
     6298
     6299 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>multigrid</i></td>
     6300
     6301
     6302
     6303            <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6304           
     6305           
     6306            <p>Multi-grid
    16766307scheme (see Uhlenbrock, diploma thesis). v-
    16776308and
    … …  
    16836314to be carried out on each grid level. Instead the requested accuracy
    16846315can be given via <a href="#residual_limit">residual_limit</a>.
    1685 <span style="font-weight: bold;">This is the default!</span>
     6316            <span style="font-weight: bold;">This is the default!</span>
    16866317The
    16876318smaller this limit is, the more cycles have to be carried out in this
    16886319case and the number of cycles may vary from timestep to timestep.</p>
    1689 <br>If <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>
     6320
     6321
     6322
     6323            <br>
     6324
     6325
     6326If <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>
    16906327is set to its optimal value, the computing time of the
    16916328multi-grid scheme amounts approximately to that of the direct solver <span style="font-style: italic;">poisfft</span>, as long as
    … …  
    16946331of space corresponds to a power-of-two (2<sup>n</sup>)
    16956332where <i>n</i> &gt;= 5 must hold. With large <i>n,
    1696 </i>the
     6333            </i>the
    16976334multi-grid scheme can even be faster than the direct solver (although
    16986335its accuracy is several orders of magnitude worse, but this does not
    … …  
    17016338for <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>,
    17026339because the CPU time of a run very critically depends on this
    1703 parameter. <p>This scheme requires that the number of grid
     6340parameter.
     6341           
     6342           
     6343            <p>This scheme requires that the number of grid
    17046344points of
    17056345the
    17066346subdomains (or of the total domain, if only one PE is uesd) along each
    17076347of the directions can at least be devided once by 2 without rest.</p>
     6348
     6349
     6350
    17086351With parallel runs, starting from a certain grid level the
    17096352data of the subdomains are possibly gathered on PE0 in order to allow
    17106353for a further coarsening of the grid. The grid level for gathering can
    17116354be manually set by <a href="#mg_switch_to_pe0_level">mg_switch_to_pe0_level</a>.<br>
    1712 <p>Using this procedure requires the subdomains to be of
     6355
     6356
     6357
     6358           
     6359           
     6360            <p>Using this procedure requires the subdomains to be of
    17136361identical size (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#grid_matching">grid_matching</a>).</p>
    1714 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>sor</i></td>
    1715 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Successive over
     6362
     6363
     6364
     6365            </td>
     6366
     6367
     6368 </tr>
     6369
     6370
     6371 <tr>
     6372
     6373
     6374 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>sor</i></td>
     6375
     6376
     6377
     6378            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Successive over
    17166379relaxation
    17176380method (SOR). The convergence of
    17186381this
    17196382iterative scheme is steered with the parameters <a href="#omega_sor">omega_sor</a>,
    1720 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini">nsor_ini</a>
     6383            <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini">nsor_ini</a>
    17216384and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor">nsor</a>.&nbsp;
    1722 <br>Compared to the direct method and the multi-grid method, this
     6385            <br>
     6386
     6387
     6388Compared to the direct method and the multi-grid method, this
    17236389scheme
    17246390needs substantially
    17256391more computing time. It should only be used for test runs, e.g. if
    1726 errors in the other pressure solver methods are assumed.</td> </tr>
    1727 </tbody> </table> <br>In order to speed-up
     6392errors in the other pressure solver methods are assumed.</td>
     6393
     6394
     6395 </tr>
     6396
     6397
     6398
     6399       
     6400       
     6401        </tbody>
     6402     
     6403     
     6404      </table>
     6405
     6406
     6407 <br>
     6408
     6409
     6410In order to speed-up
    17286411performance, the Poisson equation is by default
    17296412only solved at the last substep of a multistep Runge-Kutta scheme (see <a href="#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver
    17306413at_all_substeps</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>).&nbsp;
    1731 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="rayleigh_damping_factor"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
    1732 <br> <b>_factor</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0 or</i><br>
    1733 <i>0.01</i></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    1734 <p>Factor for Rayleigh damping.&nbsp; </p> <p>A
     6414      </td>
     6415
     6416
     6417 </tr>
     6418
     6419
     6420 <tr>
     6421
     6422
     6423 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6424     
     6425     
     6426      <p><a name="rayleigh_damping_factor"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
     6427      <br>
     6428
     6429
     6430 <b>_factor</b></p>
     6431
     6432
     6433 </td>
     6434
     6435
     6436 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6437
     6438
     6439 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0 or</i><br>
     6440
     6441
     6442
     6443      <i>0.01</i></td>
     6444
     6445
     6446 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6447     
     6448     
     6449      <p>Factor for Rayleigh damping.&nbsp; </p>
     6450
     6451
     6452 
     6453     
     6454     
     6455      <p>A
    17356456so-called Rayleigh damping is applied to all prognostic
    17366457variables if a non-zero value is assigned to <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>.&nbsp;
    … …  
    17436464maximum value
    17446465at
    1745 the top boundary. </p> <p>This method
     6466the top (ocean: bottom) boundary. </p>
     6467
     6468
     6469 
     6470     
     6471     
     6472      <p>This method
    17466473effectively damps gravity waves, caused by boundary layer convection,
    17476474which may spread out vertically in the inversion layer and which are
    1748 reflected&nbsp; at the top
     6475reflected&nbsp;at the top (ocean: bottom)
    17496476boundary. This particularly happens with the upstream-spline scheme
    17506477switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>
    … …  
    17526479Therefore, with this scheme the Rayleigh damping is switched on (<b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
    17536480= <i>0.01</i>) by default. Otherwise it remains switched
    1754 off.&nbsp; </p> <p>The Rayleigh damping factor must
     6481off.&nbsp; </p>
     6482
     6483
     6484 
     6485     
     6486     
     6487      <p>The Rayleigh damping factor must
    17556488hold the condition <i>0.0</i>
    17566489&lt;= <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
    17576490&lt;= <i>1.0</i>. Large values (close to <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>) can cause
    1758 numerical instabilities.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    1759 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="rayleigh_damping_height"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
    1760 <br> <b>_height</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>2/3 *</i>
    1761 <br><span style="font-style: italic;">zu</span><i style="font-style: italic;">(nz)</i></p>
    1762 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Height
    1763 where the Rayleigh damping starts (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>With
     6491numerical instabilities.</p>
     6492
     6493
     6494 </td>
     6495
     6496
     6497 </tr>
     6498
     6499
     6500 <tr>
     6501
     6502
     6503
     6504      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6505     
     6506     
     6507      <p><a name="rayleigh_damping_height"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
     6508      <br>
     6509
     6510
     6511 <b>_height</b></p>
     6512
     6513
     6514 </td>
     6515
     6516
     6517 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6518
     6519
     6520 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6521     
     6522     
     6523      <p><i>2/3 *</i>
     6524      <br>
     6525
     6526
     6527      <span style="font-style: italic;">zu</span><i style="font-style: italic;">(nz)</i></p>
     6528      <p> (ocean:<i style="font-style: italic;">&nbsp;</i><i>2/3 *</i>
     6529      <i style="font-style: italic;"> zu(0)</i>)</p>
     6530
     6531
     6532
     6533      </td>
     6534
     6535
     6536 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6537     
     6538     
     6539      <p>Height above (ocean: below) which the Rayleigh damping starts (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     6540
     6541
     6542 
     6543     
     6544     
     6545      <p>With
    17646546Rayleigh damping switched on (see <a href="#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>),
    17656547this parameter determines the range where damping is applied. By
    1766 default, Rayleigh damping will be applied in the upper third of the
     6548default, Rayleigh damping will be applied in the upper (ocean: lower) third of the
    17676549model
    1768 domain.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="residual_limit"></a><b>residual_limit</b></p>
    1769 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1770 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0E-6</i></td>
    1771 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Largest
     6550domain.</p>
     6551
     6552
     6553 </td>
     6554
     6555
     6556 </tr>
     6557
     6558
     6559 <tr>
     6560
     6561
     6562 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6563     
     6564     
     6565      <p><a name="residual_limit"></a><b>residual_limit</b></p>
     6566
     6567
     6568
     6569      </td>
     6570
     6571
     6572 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6573
     6574
     6575
     6576      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0E-6</i></td>
     6577
     6578
     6579
     6580      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6581     
     6582     
     6583      <p>Largest
    17726584residual permitted for the multi-grid scheme (in s<sup>-2</sup>m<sup>-3</sup>).&nbsp;
    1773 </p> <p>This is a parameter to steer the accuracy of the
     6585      </p>
     6586
     6587
     6588 
     6589     
     6590     
     6591      <p>This is a parameter to steer the accuracy of the
    17746592multi-grid
    17756593scheme (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
    … …  
    17786596this
    17796597is not the case after 1000 cycles, the PALM aborts with a corresponding
    1780 error message.</p> <p>The reciprocal value of this
     6598error message.</p>
     6599
     6600
     6601 
     6602     
     6603     
     6604      <p>The reciprocal value of this
    17816605parameter can be interpreted as
    17826606a factor by the divergence of the provisional
    17836607velocity field is approximately reduced after the multi-grid scheme has
    17846608been applied (thus the default value causes a reduction of the
    1785 divergence by approx. 6 orders of magnitude).&nbsp; </p> </td>
    1786 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="restart_time"></a><b>restart_time</b></p>
    1787 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    1788 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    1789 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Simulated time
     6609divergence by approx. 6 orders of magnitude).&nbsp; </p>
     6610
     6611
     6612 </td>
     6613
     6614
     6615
     6616    </tr>
     6617
     6618
     6619 <tr>
     6620
     6621
     6622 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6623     
     6624     
     6625      <p><a name="restart_time"></a><b>restart_time</b></p>
     6626
     6627
     6628
     6629      </td>
     6630
     6631
     6632 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6633
     6634
     6635
     6636      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     6637
     6638
     6639
     6640      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6641     
     6642     
     6643      <p>Simulated time
    17906644after which a restart run is to be carried out
    1791 (in s). </p> <p>The simulated time refers to the
     6645(in s). </p>
     6646
     6647
     6648 
     6649     
     6650     
     6651      <p>The simulated time refers to the
    17926652beginning of the
    17936653initial run (t = 0), not to the beginning of the respective
    17946654restart run. Restart runs can additionally be forced to be carried out
    1795 in regular intervals using the run time parameter <a href="#dt_restart">dt_restart</a>. </p> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     6655in regular intervals using the run time parameter <a href="#dt_restart">dt_restart</a>. </p>
     6656
     6657
     6658 
     6659     
     6660     
     6661      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     6662
     6663
     6664
    17966665A successful operation of this parameter requires additional
    17976666modifications in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-call
    17986667for the respective run (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
    1799 3.3</a>).<br> </p> <p>The choice of <b>restart_time</b>
     66683.3</a>).<br>
     6669
     6670
     6671 </p>
     6672
     6673
     6674 
     6675     
     6676     
     6677      <p>The choice of <b>restart_time</b>
    18006678or <b>dt_restart</b> does
    18016679not override the automatic start of restart runs in case that the job
    1802 runs out of CPU time. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    1803 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="section_xy"></a><b>section_xy</b></p>
    1804 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
    1805 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span><br>
    1806 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position
     6680runs out of CPU time. <br>
     6681
     6682      </p>
     6683
     6684     
     6685      <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be&nbsp;equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
     6686and&nbsp;<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
     6687
     6688
     6689 </td>
     6690
     6691
     6692 </tr>
     6693
     6694
     6695
     6696    <tr>
     6697
     6698
     6699 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6700     
     6701     
     6702      <p><a name="section_xy"></a><b>section_xy</b></p>
     6703
     6704
     6705
     6706      </td>
     6707
     6708
     6709 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
     6710
     6711
     6712
     6713      </td>
     6714
     6715
     6716 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span><br>
     6717
     6718
     6719
     6720      </td>
     6721
     6722
     6723 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6724     
     6725     
     6726      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position
    18076727of&nbsp;cross section(s) for&nbsp;output of 2d horizontal cross
    1808 sections (grid point index k).&nbsp; </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output
     6728sections (grid point index k).&nbsp; </font> </p>
     6729
     6730
     6731 
     6732     
     6733     
     6734      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output
    18096735of
    18106736horizontal cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
    … …  
    18196745Information about the exact location of the cross section is contained
    18206746in the NetCDF output file (if the default NetCDF output is switched on;
    1821 see <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>).</font></span></p><p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
     6747see <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>).</font></span></p>
     6748
     6749
     6750     
     6751     
     6752      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
    18226753creates the output of horizontal cross sections averaged along z. In
    18236754the
    18246755NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
    1825 z-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span></p><p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assignments to <b>section_xy</b>
     6756z-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span></p>
     6757
     6758
     6759     
     6760     
     6761      <p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assignments to <b>section_xy</b>
    18266762does not effect the output of horizontal cross sections of variable u<sub>*</sub>
    18276763and theta<sub>*</sub> and the liquid water path lwp*. For
    18286764these quantities always only one cross
    1829 section (for z=zu(1)) is output.</font></span></p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
    1830 <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
     6765section (for z=zu(1)) is output.</font></span></p>
     6766
     6767
     6768      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
     6769      <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
    18316770if several cross sections are selected (e.g. <b>section_xy</b>
    18326771= <i>1</i>, <i>10</i>, <i>15</i>),
    … …  
    18346773successively written to file. The output order follows the order given
    18356774by <b>section_xy</b>.&nbsp;</font></span></td>
    1836 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="section_xz"></a><b>section_xz</b></p>
    1837 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
    1838 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
    1839 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of&nbsp;cross section(s)
     6775
     6776
     6777
     6778    </tr>
     6779
     6780
     6781 <tr>
     6782
     6783
     6784 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6785     
     6786     
     6787      <p><a name="section_xz"></a><b>section_xz</b></p>
     6788
     6789
     6790
     6791      </td>
     6792
     6793
     6794 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
     6795
     6796
     6797
     6798      </td>
     6799
     6800
     6801 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
     6802
     6803
     6804
     6805      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6806     
     6807     
     6808      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of&nbsp;cross section(s)
    18406809for&nbsp;output of 2d (xz) vertical cross sections (grid point
    1841 index j).&nbsp; </font> </p> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
     6810index j).&nbsp; </font> </p>
     6811
     6812
     6813 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
    18426814vertical xz cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
    18436815parameter can be used to
    … …  
    18526824default NetCDF output is switched on; see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>)
    18536825no distinction is made between the quantities and j*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dy</span> is used for all
    1854 positions.<br><br>Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
     6826positions.<br>
     6827
     6828
     6829      <br>
     6830
     6831
     6832Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
    18556833creates the output of vertical cross sections averaged along y. In the
    18566834NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
    1857 y-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.<br></font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><br></font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
    1858 <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
    1859 </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
     6835y-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.<br>
     6836
     6837
     6838      </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><br>
     6839
     6840
     6841      </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
     6842      <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
     6843      </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
    18606844selected (e.g. <b>section_xz</b> = <i>0</i>, <i>12</i>,
    1861 <i>27</i>),
     6845      <i>27</i>),
    18626846then the respective data are successively written to file. The output
    18636847order follows the order given by <b>section_xz</b>.</font></span></td>
    1864 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="section_yz"></a><b>section_yz</b></p>
    1865 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
    1866 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
    1867 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of&nbsp;cross section(s)
     6848
     6849
     6850
     6851    </tr>
     6852
     6853
     6854 <tr>
     6855
     6856
     6857 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6858     
     6859     
     6860      <p><a name="section_yz"></a><b>section_yz</b></p>
     6861
     6862
     6863
     6864      </td>
     6865
     6866
     6867 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
     6868
     6869
     6870
     6871      </td>
     6872
     6873
     6874 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
     6875
     6876
     6877
     6878      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     6879     
     6880     
     6881      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of&nbsp;cross section(s)
    18686882for&nbsp;output of 2d (yz) vertical cross sections (grid point
    1869 index i).&nbsp; </font> </p> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
     6883index i).&nbsp; </font> </p>
     6884
     6885
     6886 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
    18706887vertical yz cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
    18716888this parameter can be used to define the position(s) of the cross
    … …  
    18796896default NetCDF output is switched on; see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>)
    18806897no distinction is made between the quantities and i*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dx</span> is used for all
    1881 positions.<br><br></font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_yz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
     6898positions.<br>
     6899
     6900
     6901      <br>
     6902
     6903
     6904      </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_yz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
    18826905creates the output of vertical cross sections averaged along x. In the
    18836906NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
    1884 x-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span><br><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> <br></font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
    1885 <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
    1886 </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
     6907x-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span><br>
     6908
     6909
     6910      <span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> <br>
     6911
     6912
     6913      </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
     6914      <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
     6915      </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
    18876916selected (e.g. <b>section_yz</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">27</span>, 19), then the
    18886917respective data are successively written to file. The output order
    18896918follows the order given by <b>section_yz</b>.</font></span></td>
    1890 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span><br>
    1891 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1892 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> </td>
    1893 <td style="vertical-align: top;">No data output before
    1894 this interval has passed (in s).<br><br>This
     6919
     6920
     6921
     6922    </tr>
     6923
     6924
     6925 <tr>
     6926
     6927
     6928 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span><br>
     6929
     6930
     6931
     6932      </td>
     6933
     6934
     6935 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     6936
     6937
     6938 </td>
     6939
     6940
     6941
     6942      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
     6943
     6944
     6945 </td>
     6946
     6947
     6948
     6949      <td style="vertical-align: top;">No data output before
     6950this interval has passed (in s).<br>
     6951
     6952
     6953      <br>
     6954
     6955
     6956This
    18956957parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    18966958this interval
    … …  
    18996961applies for output of instantaneous 3d volume data, cross section data,
    19006962spectra and vertical profile data as well as for temporally averaged 2d
    1901 and 3d data. Individual intervals can be assigned using parameters <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_dosp">skip_time_dosp</a>,&nbsp;<a href="#skip_time_dopr">skip_time_dopr</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     6963and 3d data. Individual intervals can be assigned using parameters <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_dosp">skip_time_dosp</a>,&nbsp;<a href="#skip_time_dopr">skip_time_dopr</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br>
     6964
     6965
     6966      <br>
     6967
     6968
     6969      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     6970
     6971
     6972If
    19026973the user has set <a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_output</a>
    19036974= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
    19046975and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span>
    19056976= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
    1906 then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.<br> </td>
    1907 </tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>data_output</a></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of temporally
    1908 averaged 2d/3d data before this interval has passed (in s).<br><br>This
     6977then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.<br>
     6978
     6979
     6980 </td>
     6981
     6982
     6983
     6984    </tr>
     6985
     6986
     6987 <tr>
     6988
     6989
     6990      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span></td>
     6991
     6992
     6993      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     6994
     6995
     6996      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
     6997
     6998
     6999data_output</a></span></td>
     7000
     7001
     7002      <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of temporally
     7003averaged 2d/3d data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
     7004
     7005
     7006      <br>
     7007
     7008
     7009This
    19097010parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    19107011this interval
    1911 (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     7012(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
     7013
     7014
     7015      <br>
     7016
     7017
     7018      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     7019
     7020
     7021If
    19127022the user has set <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>
    19137023= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
    19147024and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span>
    19157025= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
    1916 then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.</td></tr><tr>
    1917 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dopr"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span><br>
    1918 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1919 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>data_output</a></span>
    1920 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
    1921 vertical profile data before this interval has passed (in s).<br><br>This
     7026then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.</td>
     7027
     7028
     7029    </tr>
     7030
     7031
     7032    <tr>
     7033
     7034
     7035
     7036      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dopr"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span><br>
     7037
     7038
     7039
     7040      </td>
     7041
     7042
     7043 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     7044
     7045
     7046 </td>
     7047
     7048
     7049
     7050      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
     7051
     7052
     7053data_output</a></span>
     7054      </td>
     7055
     7056
     7057 <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
     7058vertical profile data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
     7059
     7060
     7061      <br>
     7062
     7063
     7064This
    19227065parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    19237066this interval
    1924 (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     7067(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
     7068
     7069
     7070      <br>
     7071
     7072
     7073      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     7074
     7075
     7076If
    19257077the user has set <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
    1926 first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td> </tr> <tr>
    1927 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xy"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span><br>
    1928 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1929 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>data_output</a></span>
    1930 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
     7078first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
     7079
     7080
     7081 </tr>
     7082
     7083
     7084 <tr>
     7085
     7086
     7087
     7088      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xy"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span><br>
     7089
     7090
     7091
     7092      </td>
     7093
     7094
     7095 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     7096
     7097
     7098 </td>
     7099
     7100
     7101
     7102      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
     7103
     7104
     7105data_output</a></span>
     7106      </td>
     7107
     7108
     7109 <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
    19317110instantaneous horizontal cross section data before this interval has
    1932 passed (in s).<br><br>This
     7111passed (in s).<br>
     7112
     7113
     7114      <br>
     7115
     7116
     7117This
    19337118parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    19347119this interval
    1935 (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     7120(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
     7121
     7122
     7123      <br>
     7124
     7125
     7126      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     7127
     7128
     7129If
    19367130the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>
    19377131= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
    19387132and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
    19397133= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
    1940 then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td> </tr>
    1941 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span><br>
    1942 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1943 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>data_output</a></span>
    1944 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
     7134then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
     7135
     7136
     7137 </tr>
     7138
     7139
     7140
     7141    <tr>
     7142
     7143
     7144 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span><br>
     7145
     7146
     7147
     7148      </td>
     7149
     7150
     7151 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     7152
     7153
     7154 </td>
     7155
     7156
     7157
     7158      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
     7159
     7160
     7161data_output</a></span>
     7162      </td>
     7163
     7164
     7165 <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
    19457166instantaneous vertical (xz) cross section data before this interval has
    1946 passed (in s).<br><br>This
     7167passed (in s).<br>
     7168
     7169
     7170      <br>
     7171
     7172
     7173This
    19477174parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    19487175this interval
    1949 (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     7176(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
     7177
     7178
     7179      <br>
     7180
     7181
     7182      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     7183
     7184
     7185If
    19507186the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>
    19517187= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
    19527188and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
    19537189= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
    1954 then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td> </tr>
    1955 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_yz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span><br>
    1956 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1957 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>data_output</a></span>
    1958 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
     7190then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
     7191
     7192
     7193 </tr>
     7194
     7195
     7196
     7197    <tr>
     7198
     7199
     7200 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_yz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span><br>
     7201
     7202
     7203
     7204      </td>
     7205
     7206
     7207 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     7208
     7209
     7210 </td>
     7211
     7212
     7213
     7214      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
     7215
     7216
     7217data_output</a></span>
     7218      </td>
     7219
     7220
     7221 <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
    19597222instantaneous vertical (yz) cross section data before this interval has
    1960 passed (in s).<br><br>This
     7223passed (in s).<br>
     7224
     7225
     7226      <br>
     7227
     7228
     7229This
    19617230parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    19627231this interval
    1963 (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     7232(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
     7233
     7234
     7235      <br>
     7236
     7237
     7238      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     7239
     7240
     7241If
    19647242the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>
    19657243= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
    19667244and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span>
    19677245= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
    1968 then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td> </tr>
    1969 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do3d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span><br>
    1970 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    1971 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>data_output</a></span>
    1972 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
    1973 instantaneous 3d volume data before this interval has passed (in s).<br><br>This
     7246then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
     7247
     7248
     7249 </tr>
     7250
     7251
     7252
     7253    <tr>
     7254
     7255
     7256 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do3d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span><br>
     7257
     7258
     7259
     7260      </td>
     7261
     7262
     7263 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     7264
     7265
     7266 </td>
     7267
     7268
     7269
     7270      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
     7271
     7272
     7273data_output</a></span>
     7274      </td>
     7275
     7276
     7277 <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
     7278instantaneous 3d volume data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
     7279
     7280
     7281      <br>
     7282
     7283
     7284This
    19747285parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    19757286this interval
    1976 (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     7287(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
     7288
     7289
     7290      <br>
     7291
     7292
     7293      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     7294
     7295
     7296If
    19777297the user has set <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
    1978 first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td> </tr>
    1979 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="termination_time_needed"></a><b>termination_time</b>
    1980 <br> <b>_needed</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span><br> </td>
    1981 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>CPU time
     7298first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
     7299
     7300
     7301 </tr>
     7302
     7303
     7304
     7305    <tr>
     7306
     7307
     7308 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7309     
     7310     
     7311      <p><a name="termination_time_needed"></a><b>termination_time</b>
     7312      <br>
     7313
     7314
     7315 <b>_needed</b></p>
     7316
     7317
     7318 </td>
     7319
     7320
     7321 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     7322
     7323
     7324 </td>
     7325
     7326
     7327 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span><br>
     7328
     7329
     7330 </td>
     7331
     7332
     7333
     7334      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7335     
     7336     
     7337      <p>CPU time
    19827338needed for terminal actions at the end of a run in
    1983 batch mode (in s).<br> </p> <p>If the environment
     7339batch mode (in s).<br>
     7340
     7341
     7342 </p>
     7343
     7344
     7345 
     7346     
     7347     
     7348      <p>If the environment
    19847349variable <b>write_binary </b>is
    19857350set <i>true</i> (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
    … …  
    19997364respective job will be prematurely aborted by the queuing system, which
    20007365may result in a data loss and will possibly interrupt the job chain.<br>
    2001 </p> <p>An abort happens in any way, if the environment
     7366
     7367
     7368
     7369      </p>
     7370
     7371
     7372 
     7373     
     7374     
     7375      <p>An abort happens in any way, if the environment
    20027376variable <span style="font-weight: bold;">write_binary</span>
    20037377is not set to <span style="font-style: italic;">true</span>
    … …  
    20057379been assigned an insufficient CPU time by <b>mrun</b>
    20067380option <tt><tt>-t</tt></tt>. <i><br>
    2007 </i> </p> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     7381
     7382
     7383
     7384      </i> </p>
     7385
     7386
     7387 
     7388     
     7389     
     7390      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     7391
     7392
     7393
    20087394On the IBM computers of the HLRN the time used by the job <span style="font-weight: bold;">before</span> the start of
    20097395PALM
    20107396have also to be accounted for (e.g. for
    2011 compilation and copying of input files).</p> </td> </tr>
    2012 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="use_prior_plot1d_parameters"></a><b>use_prior_plot1d</b>
    2013 <br> <b>_parameters</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
    2014 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Additional
     7397compilation and copying of input files).</p>
     7398
     7399
     7400 </td>
     7401
     7402
     7403 </tr>
     7404
     7405
     7406
     7407    <tr>
     7408
     7409
     7410 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7411     
     7412     
     7413      <p><a name="use_prior_plot1d_parameters"></a><b>use_prior_plot1d</b>
     7414      <br>
     7415
     7416
     7417 <b>_parameters</b></p>
     7418
     7419
     7420 </td>
     7421
     7422
     7423 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
     7424
     7425
     7426 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
     7427
     7428
     7429
     7430      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7431     
     7432     
     7433      <p>Additional
    20157434plot of vertical profile data with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
    20167435from preceding runs of the
    2017 job chain.&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only applies
     7436job chain.&nbsp; </p>
     7437
     7438
     7439 
     7440     
     7441     
     7442      <p>This parameter only applies
    20187443for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    2019 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>By
     7444= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     7445
     7446
     7447     
     7448     
     7449      <p>By
    20207450default, plots of horizontally averaged vertical profiles
    20217451(see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
    … …  
    20257455purposes), <b>use_prior_plot1d_parameters</b> = <i>.T</i>.
    20267456must be
    2027 set.<br> </p> <p>For further explanation see <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">chapter
    2028 4.5.2</a>.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="z_max_do1d"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b></p>
    2029 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2030 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nzt+1) (model
    2031 top)</i></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    2032 <p>Height level up to which horizontally averaged profiles are to
     7457set.<br>
     7458
     7459
     7460 </p>
     7461
     7462
     7463 
     7464     
     7465     
     7466      <p>For further explanation see <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">chapter
     74674.5.2</a>.</p>
     7468
     7469
     7470 </td>
     7471
     7472
     7473 </tr>
     7474
     7475
     7476 <tr>
     7477
     7478
     7479 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7480     
     7481     
     7482      <p><a name="z_max_do1d"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b></p>
     7483
     7484
     7485
     7486      </td>
     7487
     7488
     7489 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7490
     7491
     7492
     7493      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nzt+1) (model
     7494top)</i></td>
     7495
     7496
     7497 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7498     
     7499     
     7500      <p>Height level up to which horizontally averaged profiles are to
    20337501be
    20347502plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
    20357503(in
    2036 m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only applies for
     7504m).&nbsp; </p>
     7505
     7506
     7507 
     7508     
     7509     
     7510      <p>This parameter only applies for
    20377511&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    2038 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>It
     7512= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     7513
     7514
     7515     
     7516     
     7517      <p>It
    20397518affects plots of horizontally averaged profiles
    20407519(<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
    … …  
    20467525vertical
    20477526grid points (0 &lt;= k &lt;= nz+1) are still output to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>.</p>
    2048 <p>If a normalization for the vertical axis was selected (see <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>), <b>z_max_do1d</b>
     7527
     7528
     7529
     7530     
     7531     
     7532      <p>If a normalization for the vertical axis was selected (see <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>), <b>z_max_do1d</b>
    20497533has no effect. Instead, <a href="#z_max_do1d_normalized">z_max_do1d_normalized</a>
    2050 must be used.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="z_max_do1d_normalized"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b>
    2051 <br> <b>_normalized</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>determined by plot</i>
    2052 <br> <i>data</i> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Normalized height
     7534must be used.</p>
     7535
     7536
     7537 </td>
     7538
     7539
     7540 </tr>
     7541
     7542
     7543 <tr>
     7544
     7545
     7546 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7547     
     7548     
     7549      <p><a name="z_max_do1d_normalized"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b>
     7550      <br>
     7551
     7552
     7553 <b>_normalized</b></p>
     7554
     7555
     7556 </td>
     7557
     7558
     7559 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7560
     7561
     7562 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>determined by plot</i>
     7563      <br>
     7564
     7565
     7566 <i>data</i> <br>
     7567
     7568
     7569 </td>
     7570
     7571
     7572 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7573     
     7574     
     7575      <p>Normalized height
    20537576level up to which horizontally averaged
    20547577profiles are to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.&nbsp;
    2055 </p> <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    2056 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p><p>It
     7578      </p>
     7579
     7580
     7581 
     7582     
     7583     
     7584      <p>This parameter only applies for &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
     7585= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
     7586
     7587
     7588     
     7589     
     7590      <p>It
    20577591affects plots of horizontally averaged profiles
    20587592(<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
    … …  
    20637597= <i>1.5</i> means that all profiles up to the height
    20647598level of z =
    2065 1.5* z<sub>i </sub>are plotted.</p> </td> </tr>
    2066 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="z_max_do2d"></a><b>z_max_do2d</b></p>
    2067 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    2068 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz)</span><br> </td>
    2069 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Height level
     75991.5* z<sub>i </sub>are plotted.</p>
     7600
     7601
     7602 </td>
     7603
     7604
     7605 </tr>
     7606
     7607
     7608
     7609    <tr>
     7610
     7611
     7612 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7613     
     7614     
     7615      <p><a name="z_max_do2d"></a><b>z_max_do2d</b></p>
     7616
     7617
     7618
     7619      </td>
     7620
     7621
     7622 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     7623
     7624
     7625 </td>
     7626
     7627
     7628
     7629      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz)</span><br>
     7630
     7631
     7632 </td>
     7633
     7634
     7635
     7636      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7637     
     7638     
     7639      <p>Height level
    20707640up to which 2d cross sections are to be plotted
    20717641with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
    2072 (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter only applies for
     7642(in m).&nbsp; </p>
     7643
     7644
     7645 
     7646     
     7647     
     7648      <p>This parameter only applies for
    20737649&nbsp;<a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
    2074 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>.</p><p>It
     7650= <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>.</p>
     7651
     7652
     7653     
     7654     
     7655      <p>It
    20757656affects plots of&nbsp; 2d vertical cross
    20767657sections (<a href="#data_output">data_output</a>)
    … …  
    20787659By
    20797660default, vertical sections are plotted up to the top boundary. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>In contrast, with <b>z_max_do2d
    2080 </b>the
     7661      </b>the
    20817662visualization within
    20827663the plot can be limited to a certain height level (0 &lt;= z
    … …  
    20927673(the respective <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>-parameter
    20937674is <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html#YRIGHT">yright</a>).</p>
    2094 </td> </tr> </tbody></table><br>
    2095 <br><h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="particle_parameters"></a>Particle
     7675
     7676
     7677
     7678      </td>
     7679
     7680
     7681 </tr>
     7682
     7683
     7684 
     7685 
     7686 
     7687  </tbody>
     7688</table>
     7689
     7690
     7691<br>
     7692
     7693
     7694
     7695<br>
     7696
     7697
     7698<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="particle_parameters"></a>Particle
    20967699parameters: </h3>
     7700
     7701
     7702
    20977703<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">particles_par<br>
    2098 </span><table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr>
    2099 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
     7704
     7705
     7706
     7707</span>
     7708<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     7709
     7710
     7711 <tbody>
     7712
     7713
     7714    <tr>
     7715
     7716
     7717
     7718      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
    21007719name</b></font></td>
    2101 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
    2102 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> </td>
    2103 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></p>
    2104 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_prel"></a><b>dt_prel</b></p>
    2105 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2106 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    2107 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">Temporal
     7720
     7721
     7722
     7723      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
     7724
     7725
     7726
     7727      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7728     
     7729     
     7730      <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
     7731
     7732
     7733 <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
     7734
     7735
     7736 </td>
     7737
     7738
     7739
     7740      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7741     
     7742     
     7743      <p><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></p>
     7744
     7745
     7746
     7747      </td>
     7748
     7749
     7750 </tr>
     7751
     7752
     7753 <tr>
     7754
     7755
     7756 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7757     
     7758     
     7759      <p><a name="dt_prel"></a><b>dt_prel</b></p>
     7760
     7761
     7762
     7763      </td>
     7764
     7765
     7766 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     7767
     7768
     7769
     7770      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     7771
     7772
     7773
     7774      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7775     
     7776     
     7777      <p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">Temporal
    21087778interval at
    21097779which particles are to be released <span lang="en-GB">from
    21107780a particle
    21117781source </span>(</span></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">s).</span>&nbsp;
    2112 </font> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By default
     7782      </font> </p>
     7783
     7784
     7785 
     7786     
     7787     
     7788      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By default
    21137789particles are released only at the beginning of a simulation
    21147790(t_init=0). The time of the first release (t_init) can be changed with
    21157791package parameter </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><font><a href="#particle_advection_start"><font face="Thorndale, serif">particle_advection_start</font></a>.
    2116 </font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The time of the last release can be
     7792      </font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The time of the last release can be
    21177793set with the package parameter <a href="#end_time_prel">end_time_prel</a>.
    21187794If <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>
    … …  
    21247800may slightly deviate from thesel values (</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">see
    21257801e.g. </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">).</font></span></p>
    2126 <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> The domain
     7802
     7803
     7804
     7805     
     7806     
     7807      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> The domain
    21277808of the particle <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">source </font></span>as
    21287809well as the distance of&nbsp; released particles
    21297810within this source </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">are determined via package
    21307811parameters </font></span><a href="#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
    2131 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
    2132 </font></span><a href="#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> By
     7812      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
     7813      </font></span><a href="#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> By
    21337814default, one particle is released at all points defined by these
    21347815parameters. The package parameter <a href="#particles_per_point">particles_per_point</a>
    21357816can be used to start more than one particle per point.<br>
    2136 </font></span></p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Up to 10
     7817
     7818
     7819
     7820      </font></span></p>
     7821
     7822
     7823 
     7824     
     7825     
     7826      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Up to 10
    21377827different groups of particles can be released at the same time (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">number_of_particle_groups</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">)
    21387828where each group may have a different source. All particles belonging
    21397829to one group have the same density ratio and the same radius. All other
    21407830particle features (e.g. location of the source) are
    2141 identical for all groups of particles.</font></span></p>Subgrid
     7831identical for all groups of particles.</font></span></p>
     7832
     7833
     7834Subgrid
    21427835scale velocities can (optionally) be included for calculating the
    21437836particle advection, using the method of Weil et al. (2004, JAS, 61,
    … …  
    21477840advancement of the TKE (see initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>).
    21487841The minimum timestep during the sub-timesteps is controlled by package
    2149 parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>. <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By
     7842parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>.
     7843     
     7844     
     7845      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By
    21507846default, particles are weightless and transported passively with the
    21517847resolved scale flow. Particles can be given a mass and thus an inertia
    … …  
    21567852particles). In these cases their </font></span><a href="#radius"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">radius</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">
    21577853must also be defined, which affects their flow resistance. </font></span><a href="#diameter"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span> </p>
    2158 <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Boundary
     7854
     7855
     7856
     7857     
     7858     
     7859      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Boundary
    21597860conditions for the particle transport can be defined with package
    21607861parameters </font></span><a href="#bc_par_t"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_t</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#bc_par_lr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_lr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="bc_par_ns"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_ns</font></span></a>
    2161 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
    2162 </font></span><a href="#bc_par_b"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_b</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span></p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Timeseries
     7862      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
     7863      </font></span><a href="#bc_par_b"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_b</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span></p>
     7864
     7865
     7866      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Timeseries
    21637867of particle quantities in NetCDF format can be output to local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</a>
    2164 by using package parameter <a href="#dt_dopts">dt_dopts</a>.<br></font></span><p>For
     7868by using package parameter <a href="#dt_dopts">dt_dopts</a>.<br>
     7869
     7870
     7871      </font></span>
     7872     
     7873     
     7874      <p>For
    21657875analysis, additional output of
    21667876particle
    21677877information in equidistant temporal intervals can be carried out using <a href="#dt_write_particle_data">dt_write_particle_data</a>
    21687878(file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_DATA</a>).<br>
    2169 </p> <p><span style="font-family: thorndale,serif;">Statistical
     7879
     7880
     7881
     7882      </p>
     7883
     7884
     7885 
     7886     
     7887     
     7888      <p><span style="font-family: thorndale,serif;">Statistical
    21707889informations</span> (e.g. the total number of particles used, the
    21717890number of particles exchanged between the PEs, etc.) are output to the
    21727891local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_INFOS</a>,
    21737892if switched on by the parameter <a href="#write_particle_statistics">write_particle_statistics</a>.
    2174 <br> </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">If a job
     7893      <br>
     7894
     7895
     7896 </p>
     7897
     7898
     7899 
     7900     
     7901     
     7902      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">If a job
    21757903chain is to be carried out, particle
    21767904informations </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">for the restart run (e.g. current
    … …  
    21807908run) is output to
    21817909the local file</font></span> <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font><a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font>,
    2182 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">which
     7910      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">which
    21837911must be saved at the
    21847912end of the run <tt><span lang="en-GB"></span></tt>and
    … …  
    21897917respective file
    21907918connection statements in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
    2191 configuration file. </font></span> <span lang="en-GB"></span></p><p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The output of
     7919configuration file. </font></span> <span lang="en-GB"></span></p>
     7920
     7921
     7922     
     7923     
     7924      <p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The output of
    21927925particles for visualization with the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> is steered by
    21937926the package
    … …  
    22037936&ldquo;tail&rdquo; behind themselves to improve their
    22047937visualization.
    2205 This is steered via the parameter&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_particle_tails">use_particle_tails</a>.</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></p> <span lang="en-GB"></span><p><b>So far, the
     7938This is steered via the parameter&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_particle_tails">use_particle_tails</a>.</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></p>
     7939
     7940
     7941 <span lang="en-GB"></span>
     7942     
     7943     
     7944      <p><b>So far, the
    22067945particle transport realized in PALM does only
    22077946work
    2208 duly in case of a constant vertical grid spacing!</b></p> </td>
    2209 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="bc_par_b"></a><b>bc_par_b</b></p>
    2210 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
    2211 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i></td>
    2212 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Bottom
    2213 boundary condition for particle transport. </p> <p>By
     7947duly in case of a constant vertical grid spacing!</b></p>
     7948
     7949
     7950 </td>
     7951
     7952
     7953
     7954    </tr>
     7955
     7956
     7957 <tr>
     7958
     7959
     7960 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7961     
     7962     
     7963      <p><a name="bc_par_b"></a><b>bc_par_b</b></p>
     7964
     7965
     7966
     7967      </td>
     7968
     7969
     7970 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
     7971
     7972
     7973
     7974      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i></td>
     7975
     7976
     7977
     7978      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     7979     
     7980     
     7981      <p>Bottom
     7982boundary condition for particle transport. </p>
     7983
     7984
     7985 
     7986     
     7987     
     7988      <p>By
    22147989default, particles are reflected at the bottom boundary.
    22157990Alternatively, a particle absorption can set by <b>bc_par_b</b>
    2216 = <i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i>.</p> </td>
    2217 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="bc_par_lr"></a><b>bc_par_lr</b></p>
    2218 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
    2219 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
    2220 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Lateral
     7991= <i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i>.</p>
     7992
     7993
     7994 </td>
     7995
     7996
     7997
     7998    </tr>
     7999
     8000
     8001 <tr>
     8002
     8003
     8004 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8005     
     8006     
     8007      <p><a name="bc_par_lr"></a><b>bc_par_lr</b></p>
     8008
     8009
     8010
     8011      </td>
     8012
     8013
     8014 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
     8015
     8016
     8017
     8018      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
     8019
     8020
     8021
     8022      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8023     
     8024     
     8025      <p>Lateral
    22218026boundary condition (x-direction) for particle
    2222 transport. </p> <p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
     8027transport. </p>
     8028
     8029
     8030 
     8031     
     8032     
     8033      <p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
    22238034are used along x.
    22248035Alternatively, reflection (<b>bc_par_lr</b>
    22258036= <i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i>) or absorption (<b>bc_par_lr</b>
    22268037= <i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i>)
    2227 can be set. <br> </p> <p>This lateral boundary
     8038can be set. <br>
     8039
     8040
     8041 </p>
     8042
     8043
     8044 
     8045     
     8046     
     8047      <p>This lateral boundary
    22288048conditions should correspond to the
    2229 lateral boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).</p> </td>
    2230 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="bc_par_ns"></a><b>bc_par_ns</b></p>
    2231 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
    2232 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
    2233 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Lateral
     8049lateral boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).</p>
     8050
     8051
     8052 </td>
     8053
     8054
     8055
     8056    </tr>
     8057
     8058
     8059 <tr>
     8060
     8061
     8062 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8063     
     8064     
     8065      <p><a name="bc_par_ns"></a><b>bc_par_ns</b></p>
     8066
     8067
     8068
     8069      </td>
     8070
     8071
     8072 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
     8073
     8074
     8075
     8076      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
     8077
     8078
     8079
     8080      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8081     
     8082     
     8083      <p>Lateral
    22348084boundary condition (y-direction) for particle
    2235 transport. </p> <p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
     8085transport. </p>
     8086
     8087
     8088 
     8089     
     8090     
     8091      <p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
    22368092are used along y.
    22378093Alternatively, reflection (<b>bc_par_ns</b>
    22388094= <i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i>) or absorption (<b>bc_par_ns</b>
    22398095= <i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i>)
    2240 can be set.<br> </p>
     8096can be set.<br>
     8097
     8098
     8099 </p>
     8100
     8101
     8102
    22418103This lateral boundary conditions should correspond to the lateral
    2242 boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</td> </tr>
    2243 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="bc_par_t"></a><b>bc_par_t</b></p>
    2244 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
    2245 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i></td>
    2246 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Top boundary
    2247 condition for particle transport. </p> <p>By default,
     8104boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</td>
     8105
     8106
     8107 </tr>
     8108
     8109
     8110
     8111    <tr>
     8112
     8113
     8114 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8115     
     8116     
     8117      <p><a name="bc_par_t"></a><b>bc_par_t</b></p>
     8118
     8119
     8120
     8121      </td>
     8122
     8123
     8124 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
     8125
     8126
     8127
     8128      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i></td>
     8129
     8130
     8131
     8132      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8133     
     8134     
     8135      <p>Top boundary
     8136condition for particle transport. </p>
     8137
     8138
     8139 
     8140     
     8141     
     8142      <p>By default,
    22488143particles are absorbed at the top boundary.
    22498144Alternatively, a reflection condition can be set by <b>bc_par_t</b>
    2250 = <i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i>.</p> </td>
    2251 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="density_ratio"></a><b>density_ratio</b></p>
    2252 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
    2253 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>0.0, 9</i>
    2254 *<br> <i>9999999.9</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Ratio of the density
     8145= <i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i>.</p>
     8146
     8147
     8148 </td>
     8149
     8150
     8151
     8152    </tr>
     8153
     8154
     8155 <tr>
     8156
     8157
     8158 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8159     
     8160     
     8161      <p><a name="density_ratio"></a><b>density_ratio</b></p>
     8162
     8163
     8164
     8165      </td>
     8166
     8167
     8168 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     8169
     8170
     8171
     8172      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8173     
     8174     
     8175      <p><i>0.0, 9</i>
     8176*<br>
     8177
     8178
     8179 <i>9999999.9</i></p>
     8180
     8181
     8182 </td>
     8183
     8184
     8185 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8186     
     8187     
     8188      <p>Ratio of the density
    22558189of the fluid and the density of the
    2256 particles. </p> <p>With the default value<i> </i>the
     8190particles. </p>
     8191
     8192
     8193 
     8194     
     8195     
     8196      <p>With the default value<i> </i>the
    22578197particles are weightless and transported passively with the resolved
    22588198scale flow.
    … …  
    22668206particle radius which is determined via <a href="#radius">radius</a>
    22678207as well as on the molecular viscosity (assumed as 1.461E-5 m<sup>2</sup>/s).
    2268 </p> <p>If <b>density_ratio</b> = <i>1.0</i>,
     8208      </p>
     8209
     8210
     8211 
     8212     
     8213     
     8214      <p>If <b>density_ratio</b> = <i>1.0</i>,
    22698215the particle density
    22708216corresponds to the density of the surrounding fluid and the particles
    … …  
    22728218upwards (<b>density_ratio</b> &gt; <i>1.0</i>)
    22738219or downwards (<b>density_ratio</b> &lt; <i>1.0</i>).<br>
    2274 </p> <p>With several groups of particles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
     8220
     8221
     8222
     8223      </p>
     8224
     8225
     8226 
     8227     
     8228     
     8229      <p>With several groups of particles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
    22758230each group can be assigned a different value. If the number of values
    22768231given for <span style="font-weight: bold;">density_ratio</span>
    … …  
    22798234then the last assigned value is used for all remaining groups. This
    22808235means that by default the particle density ratio for all groups will be
    2281 <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.</p>
    2282 </td> </tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_dopts"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopts</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">R</td><td align="left" valign="top"><i>value of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     8236      <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.</p>
     8237
     8238
     8239
     8240      </td>
     8241
     8242
     8243 </tr>
     8244
     8245
     8246 <tr>
     8247
     8248
     8249      <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_dopts"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopts</span></td>
     8250
     8251
     8252      <td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
     8253
     8254
     8255      <td align="left" valign="top"><i>value of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     8256
     8257
     8258output</a></i></td>
     8259
     8260
     8261      <td align="left" valign="top">
     8262     
     8263     
     8264      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    22838265interval</font> at which time series data of particle quantities
    22848266shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></p>
    2285 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
     8267
     8268
     8269
     8270      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
    22868271particle advection is switched on (see</font></span><font><span style="font-family: thorndale;"> <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>)
    22878272this parameter can be used to assign
    22888273th</span></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">e temporal
    22898274interval at which time series of particle quantities shall be output.
    2290 Output is written in NetCDF format on local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</a>.<br><br>The
     8275Output is written in NetCDF format on local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</a>.<br>
     8276
     8277
     8278      <br>
     8279
     8280
     8281The
    22918282following list gives a short description of the&nbsp;quantities
    22928283available. Most quantities are averages over all particles. The
    22938284quantity name given in the first column is identical to the respective
    22948285name of the variable on the NetCDF file (see section <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a> for a general
    2295 description of the NetCDF files).<br><br>In case of using
     8286description of the NetCDF files).<br>
     8287
     8288
     8289      <br>
     8290
     8291
     8292In case of using
    22968293more than one particle group (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
    22978294seperate time series are output for each of the groups. The long names
    22988295of the variables in the NetCDF file containing the respective
    22998296timeseries all end with the string</font><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: monospace;">' PG ##'</span><font face="Thorndale">, where ## is the number of the particle
    2300 group (<span style="font-style: italic;">01</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">02</span>, etc.). <br>&nbsp;</font></span><table style="text-align: left; width: 631px; height: 652px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">tnpt</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
    2301 particles</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
    2302 x-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
    2303 y-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
    2304 z-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_abs</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">absolute
    2305 particle z-coordinate (in m)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u particle
    2306 velocity component (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v particle
    2307 velocity component (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w particle
    2308 velocity component (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u"</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale u
    2309 particle velocity component (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v"</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale v
    2310 particle velocity component (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w"</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale w
    2311 particle velocity component (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_up</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
    2312 upward moving particles</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_up</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
    2313 velocity of the upward moving particles (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_down</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
    2314 velocity of the downward moving particles (in m/s)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_max</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">maximum number
    2315 of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_min</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">minimum number
    2316 of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x*2</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2317 particle x-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_ </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y*2</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2318 particle y-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z*2</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2319 particle z-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u*2</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2320 u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v*2</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2321 v particle velocity component with respect to&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w*2</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2322 w particle velocity component with respect to&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u"2</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2323 subgrid-scale u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v"2</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2324 subgrid-scale v particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w"2</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    2325 subgrid-scale w particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">npt*2</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8297group (<span style="font-style: italic;">01</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">02</span>, etc.). <br>
     8298
     8299
     8300&nbsp;</font></span>
     8301     
     8302     
     8303      <table style="text-align: left; width: 631px; height: 652px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     8304
     8305
     8306        <tbody>
     8307
     8308
     8309          <tr>
     8310
     8311
     8312            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">tnpt</span></td>
     8313
     8314
     8315            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
     8316particles</td>
     8317
     8318
     8319          </tr>
     8320
     8321
     8322          <tr>
     8323
     8324
     8325            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_</span></td>
     8326
     8327
     8328            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
     8329x-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
     8330
     8331
     8332          </tr>
     8333
     8334
     8335          <tr>
     8336
     8337
     8338            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span></td>
     8339
     8340
     8341            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
     8342y-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
     8343
     8344
     8345          </tr>
     8346
     8347
     8348          <tr>
     8349
     8350
     8351            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span></td>
     8352
     8353
     8354            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
     8355z-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
     8356
     8357
     8358          </tr>
     8359
     8360
     8361          <tr>
     8362
     8363
     8364            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_abs</span></td>
     8365
     8366
     8367            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">absolute
     8368particle z-coordinate (in m)</td>
     8369
     8370
     8371          </tr>
     8372
     8373
     8374          <tr>
     8375
     8376
     8377            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u</span></td>
     8378
     8379
     8380            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u particle
     8381velocity component (in m/s)</td>
     8382
     8383
     8384          </tr>
     8385
     8386
     8387          <tr>
     8388
     8389
     8390            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v</span></td>
     8391
     8392
     8393            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v particle
     8394velocity component (in m/s)</td>
     8395
     8396
     8397          </tr>
     8398
     8399
     8400          <tr>
     8401
     8402
     8403            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w</span></td>
     8404
     8405
     8406            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w particle
     8407velocity component (in m/s)</td>
     8408
     8409
     8410          </tr>
     8411
     8412
     8413          <tr>
     8414
     8415
     8416            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u"</span></td>
     8417
     8418
     8419            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale u
     8420particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
     8421
     8422
     8423          </tr>
     8424
     8425
     8426          <tr>
     8427
     8428
     8429            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v"</span></td>
     8430
     8431
     8432            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale v
     8433particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
     8434
     8435
     8436          </tr>
     8437
     8438
     8439          <tr>
     8440
     8441
     8442            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w"</span></td>
     8443
     8444
     8445            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale w
     8446particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
     8447
     8448
     8449          </tr>
     8450
     8451
     8452          <tr>
     8453
     8454
     8455            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_up</span></td>
     8456
     8457
     8458            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
     8459upward moving particles</td>
     8460
     8461
     8462          </tr>
     8463
     8464
     8465          <tr>
     8466
     8467
     8468            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_up</span></td>
     8469
     8470
     8471            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
     8472velocity of the upward moving particles (in m/s)</td>
     8473
     8474
     8475          </tr>
     8476
     8477
     8478          <tr>
     8479
     8480
     8481            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_down</span></td>
     8482
     8483
     8484            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
     8485velocity of the downward moving particles (in m/s)</td>
     8486
     8487
     8488          </tr>
     8489
     8490
     8491          <tr>
     8492
     8493
     8494            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_max</span></td>
     8495
     8496
     8497            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">maximum number
     8498of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td>
     8499
     8500
     8501          </tr>
     8502
     8503
     8504          <tr>
     8505
     8506
     8507            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_min</span></td>
     8508
     8509
     8510            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">minimum number
     8511of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td>
     8512
     8513
     8514          </tr>
     8515
     8516
     8517          <tr>
     8518
     8519
     8520            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x*2</span></td>
     8521
     8522
     8523            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8524particle x-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_ </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8525
     8526
     8527          </tr>
     8528
     8529
     8530          <tr>
     8531
     8532
     8533            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y*2</span></td>
     8534
     8535
     8536            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8537particle y-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8538
     8539
     8540          </tr>
     8541
     8542
     8543          <tr>
     8544
     8545
     8546            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z*2</span></td>
     8547
     8548
     8549            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8550particle z-coordinate&nbsp;with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8551
     8552
     8553          </tr>
     8554
     8555
     8556          <tr>
     8557
     8558
     8559            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u*2</span></td>
     8560
     8561
     8562            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8563u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8564
     8565
     8566          </tr>
     8567
     8568
     8569          <tr>
     8570
     8571
     8572            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v*2</td>
     8573
     8574
     8575            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8576v particle velocity component with respect to&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8577
     8578
     8579          </tr>
     8580
     8581
     8582          <tr>
     8583
     8584
     8585            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w*2</td>
     8586
     8587
     8588            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8589w particle velocity component with respect to&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8590
     8591
     8592          </tr>
     8593
     8594
     8595          <tr>
     8596
     8597
     8598            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u"2</td>
     8599
     8600
     8601            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8602subgrid-scale u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8603
     8604
     8605          </tr>
     8606
     8607
     8608          <tr>
     8609
     8610
     8611            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v"2</td>
     8612
     8613
     8614            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8615subgrid-scale v particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8616
     8617
     8618          </tr>
     8619
     8620
     8621          <tr>
     8622
     8623
     8624            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w"2</td>
     8625
     8626
     8627            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
     8628subgrid-scale w particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
     8629
     8630
     8631          </tr>
     8632
     8633
     8634          <tr>
     8635
     8636
     8637            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">npt*2</td>
     8638
     8639
     8640            <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
    23268641number of particles with respect to the average number of particles per
    2327 subdomain</td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_min_part"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_min_part</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">R</td><td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0002</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimum value for the
    2328 particle timestep when SGS velocities are used (in s).<br><br>For
    2329 a further explanation see package parameter <a href="#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>.</td></tr><tr>
    2330 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_write_particle_data"></a><b>dt_write_particle_</b>
    2331 <b>data</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    2332 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Temporal
    2333 interval for output of particle data (in s). </p> <p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
     8642subdomain</td>
     8643
     8644
     8645          </tr>
     8646
     8647
     8648       
     8649       
     8650        </tbody>
     8651     
     8652     
     8653      </table>
     8654
     8655
     8656      <span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
     8657
     8658
     8659    </tr>
     8660
     8661
     8662    <tr>
     8663
     8664
     8665      <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_min_part"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_min_part</span></td>
     8666
     8667
     8668      <td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
     8669
     8670
     8671      <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0002</span></td>
     8672
     8673
     8674      <td align="left" valign="top">Minimum value for the
     8675particle timestep when SGS velocities are used (in s).<br>
     8676
     8677
     8678      <br>
     8679
     8680
     8681For
     8682a further explanation see package parameter <a href="#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>.</td>
     8683
     8684
     8685    </tr>
     8686
     8687
     8688    <tr>
     8689
     8690
     8691
     8692      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8693     
     8694     
     8695      <p><a name="dt_write_particle_data"></a><b>dt_write_particle_</b>
     8696      <b>data</b></p>
     8697
     8698
     8699 </td>
     8700
     8701
     8702 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     8703
     8704
     8705 </td>
     8706
     8707
     8708 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     8709
     8710
     8711
     8712      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8713     
     8714     
     8715      <p>Temporal
     8716interval for output of particle data (in s). </p>
     8717
     8718
     8719 
     8720     
     8721     
     8722      <p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
    23348723parameter can be used to
    23358724assign the temporal interval at which particle data shall be output.</font></span>
    23368725Data are output to
    23378726the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_DATA</a>.
    2338 <span style="font-family: mon;">See the file description
     8727      <span style="font-family: mon;">See the file description
    23398728for more
    2340 details about its format</span>. </p> <p>By
    2341 default, no particle data are output.</p> </td> </tr>
    2342 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dvrp_psize"></a><b>dvrp_psize</b></p>
    2343 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    2344 <td style="vertical-align: top;">0.2 * dx<br> </td>
    2345 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Diameter that
     8729details about its format</span>. </p>
     8730
     8731
     8732 
     8733     
     8734     
     8735      <p>By
     8736default, no particle data are output.</p>
     8737
     8738
     8739 </td>
     8740
     8741
     8742 </tr>
     8743
     8744
     8745
     8746    <tr>
     8747
     8748
     8749 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8750     
     8751     
     8752      <p><a name="dvrp_psize"></a><b>dvrp_psize</b></p>
     8753
     8754
     8755
     8756      </td>
     8757
     8758
     8759 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     8760
     8761
     8762 </td>
     8763
     8764
     8765
     8766      <td style="vertical-align: top;">0.2 * dx<br>
     8767
     8768
     8769 </td>
     8770
     8771
     8772
     8773      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8774     
     8775     
     8776      <p>Diameter that
    23468777the particles is given in visualizations with
    23478778the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    23488779software (in
    2349 m).&nbsp; </p> <p>In case that particles are
     8780m).&nbsp; </p>
     8781
     8782
     8783 
     8784     
     8785     
     8786      <p>In case that particles are
    23508787visualized with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    23518788software (see <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">chapter
    235287894.5.7</a>), their size can be set by parameter <b>dvrp_psize</b>.
    23538790All
    2354 particles are displayed with this same size.<br> </p> <p>Alternatively,
     8791particles are displayed with this same size.<br>
     8792
     8793
     8794 </p>
     8795
     8796
     8797 
     8798     
     8799     
     8800      <p>Alternatively,
    23558801the particle diameters can be set with the
    23568802user-interface in routine <span style="font-family: monospace;">user_init_particles</span>
    … …  
    23588804timestep in routine <tt>user<font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">_particle_attributes</font></tt>
    23598805(both routines can be found in file <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user_interface.f90</font></tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">)</font>.&nbsp;</p>
    2360 <p><b>Note:</b> This parameter determines exclusively
     8806
     8807
     8808
     8809     
     8810     
     8811      <p><b>Note:</b> This parameter determines exclusively
    23618812the size
    23628813under which particles appear in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    23638814visualization. The flow relevant particle radius is determined via the
    23648815particle package parameter <a href="#radius">radius</a>!</p>
    2365 </td> </tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a name="end_time_prel"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time_prel</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">R</td><td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">Time of the last release of
    2366 particles (in s).<br><br>See also <a href="#particle_advection_start">particle_advection_start</a>.</td></tr><tr>
    2367 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="initial_weighting_factor"></a>initial_weighting_factor</span></td>
    2368 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span><br> </td>
    2369 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Factor to define the real
    2370 number of initial droplets in a grid box.<br> <br>
     8816
     8817
     8818
     8819      </td>
     8820
     8821
     8822 </tr>
     8823
     8824
     8825 <tr>
     8826
     8827
     8828      <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="end_time_prel"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time_prel</span></td>
     8829
     8830
     8831      <td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
     8832
     8833
     8834      <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     8835
     8836
     8837      <td align="left" valign="top">Time of the last release of
     8838particles (in s).<br>
     8839
     8840
     8841      <br>
     8842
     8843
     8844See also <a href="#particle_advection_start">particle_advection_start</a>.</td>
     8845
     8846
     8847    </tr>
     8848
     8849
     8850    <tr>
     8851
     8852
     8853
     8854      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="initial_weighting_factor"></a>initial_weighting_factor</span></td>
     8855
     8856
     8857
     8858      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     8859
     8860
     8861 </td>
     8862
     8863
     8864 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span><br>
     8865
     8866
     8867 </td>
     8868
     8869
     8870
     8871      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Factor to define the real
     8872number of initial droplets in a grid box.<br>
     8873
     8874
     8875 <br>
     8876
     8877
     8878
    23718879In case of explicitly simulating cloud droplets (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>),
    23728880the real number of initial droplets in a grid box is equal to the
    23738881initial number of droplets in this box (defined by the particle source
    23748882parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
    2375 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
    2376 </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>)
     8883      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
     8884      </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>)
    23778885times the <span style="font-weight: bold;">initial_weighting_factor</span>.</td>
    2378 </tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="maximum_number_of_particles"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
    2379 <br> <b>particles</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1000</i></td>
    2380 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Maximum number
    2381 of particles (on a PE).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter
     8886
     8887
     8888
     8889    </tr>
     8890
     8891
     8892    <tr>
     8893
     8894
     8895 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8896     
     8897     
     8898      <p><a name="maximum_number_of_particles"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
     8899      <br>
     8900
     8901
     8902 <b>particles</b></p>
     8903
     8904
     8905 </td>
     8906
     8907
     8908 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     8909
     8910
     8911 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1000</i></td>
     8912
     8913
     8914
     8915      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8916     
     8917     
     8918      <p>Maximum number
     8919of particles (on a PE).&nbsp; </p>
     8920
     8921
     8922 
     8923     
     8924     
     8925      <p>This parameter
    23828926allows to set the number of particles for which
    23838927memory must be allocated at the beginning of the run.
    23848928If this memory becomes insufficient during the run, due to the
    23858929release of further particles (see <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>),
    2386 then more memory is automatically allocated.<br> </p>
     8930then more memory is automatically allocated.<br>
     8931
     8932
     8933 </p>
     8934
     8935
     8936
    23878937For runs on several processors, <span style="font-weight: bold;">maximum_number_of_particles</span>
    23888938defines
    23898939the maximum number on each PE. This number must be larger than the
    23908940maximum number of particles initially released in a subdomain.</td>
    2391 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="maximum_number_of_tailpoints"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
    2392 <br> <b>tailpoints</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td>
    2393 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Maximum number
     8941
     8942
     8943
     8944    </tr>
     8945
     8946
     8947 <tr>
     8948
     8949
     8950 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8951     
     8952     
     8953      <p><a name="maximum_number_of_tailpoints"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
     8954      <br>
     8955
     8956
     8957 <b>tailpoints</b></p>
     8958
     8959
     8960 </td>
     8961
     8962
     8963 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
     8964
     8965
     8966 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td>
     8967
     8968
     8969
     8970      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     8971     
     8972     
     8973      <p>Maximum number
    23948974of tailpoints that a particle tail can
    2395 have.&nbsp; </p> <p>&nbsp;<b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>
     8975have.&nbsp; </p>
     8976
     8977
     8978 
     8979     
     8980     
     8981      <p>&nbsp;<b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>
    23968982sets the number of descrete points the tail consists of. A new point is
    23978983added to the particle tails after each time step. If the maximum number
    … …  
    23998985points is reached after the corresponding number of timesteps, the
    24008986oldest respective tail points is deleted within the following
    2401 timestep.&nbsp; </p> <p>All particle tails have the
     8987timestep.&nbsp; </p>
     8988
     8989
     8990 
     8991     
     8992     
     8993      <p>All particle tails have the
    24028994same number of points. The maximum
    24038995length of
    … …  
    24099001between the current position of the particle and the oldest point of
    24109002the tail may become not larger than a value to be assigned by <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>.</p>
    2411 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="maximum_tailpoint_age"></a><b>maximum_tailpoint_</b>
    2412 <br> <b>age</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">100000.0</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Maximum age that the
     9003
     9004
     9005
     9006      </td>
     9007
     9008
     9009 </tr>
     9010
     9011
     9012 <tr>
     9013
     9014
     9015 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9016     
     9017     
     9018      <p><a name="maximum_tailpoint_age"></a><b>maximum_tailpoint_</b>
     9019      <br>
     9020
     9021
     9022 <b>age</b></p>
     9023
     9024
     9025 </td>
     9026
     9027
     9028 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9029
     9030
     9031 <td style="vertical-align: top;">100000.0</td>
     9032
     9033
     9034 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9035     
     9036     
     9037      <p>Maximum age that the
    24139038end point of a particle tail is allowed to have (in s).&nbsp; </p>
    2414 <p>If the temporal displacement between the oldest point of a
     9039
     9040
     9041
     9042     
     9043     
     9044      <p>If the temporal displacement between the oldest point of a
    24159045particle tail and the current position of the particle becomes larger
    24169046than the value given by <b>maximum_tailpoint_age</b>, this
    … …  
    24249054particle velocity. Fast particles will have long tails, slow particles
    24259055shorter ones (note: this will not neccessarily hold if <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>
    2426 = <i>0.0</i>).</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    2427 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="minimum_tailpoint_distance"></a><b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b></p>
    2428 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2429 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
    2430 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Minimum
     9056= <i>0.0</i>).</p>
     9057
     9058
     9059 </td>
     9060
     9061
     9062 </tr>
     9063
     9064
     9065 <tr>
     9066
     9067
     9068
     9069      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9070     
     9071     
     9072      <p><a name="minimum_tailpoint_distance"></a><b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b></p>
     9073
     9074
     9075
     9076      </td>
     9077
     9078
     9079 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     9080
     9081
     9082
     9083      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
     9084
     9085
     9086
     9087      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9088     
     9089     
     9090      <p>Minimum
    24319091distance allowed between two adjacent points of a
    2432 particle tail (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>In case of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
     9092particle tail (in m).&nbsp; </p>
     9093
     9094
     9095 
     9096     
     9097     
     9098      <p>In case of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
    24339099&gt; <i>0.0 </i>the
    24349100particle tail is extended by a new point only if the distance between
    24359101its current position and the most recent tail point exceed the
    24369102distance given via <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>.<br>
    2437 </p> <p>If the length of the particle tails shall be
     9103
     9104
     9105
     9106      </p>
     9107
     9108
     9109 
     9110     
     9111     
     9112      <p>If the length of the particle tails shall be
    24389113proportional to
    24399114the respective particle velocity, the parameter <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>
    2440 must also be set appropriately. </p> <b>Note:</b><br>
     9115must also be set appropriately. </p>
     9116
     9117
     9118 <b>Note:</b><br>
     9119
     9120
     9121
    24419122A suitable choice of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
    24429123&gt; <i>0.0</i> is recommended, because then the tail
    … …  
    24499130should be sufficient to set <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
    24509131= <i>5.0</i>
    2451 (m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="number_of_particle_groups"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span><br>
    2452 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br> </td>
    2453 <td style="vertical-align: top;">1<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of particle groups to be
    2454 used.<br> <br>
     9132(m). </td>
     9133
     9134
     9135 </tr>
     9136
     9137
     9138 <tr>
     9139
     9140
     9141 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="number_of_particle_groups"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span><br>
     9142
     9143
     9144
     9145      </td>
     9146
     9147
     9148 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
     9149
     9150
     9151 </td>
     9152
     9153
     9154
     9155      <td style="vertical-align: top;">1<br>
     9156
     9157
     9158 </td>
     9159
     9160
     9161 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of particle groups to be
     9162used.<br>
     9163
     9164
     9165 <br>
     9166
     9167
     9168
    24559169Each particle group can be assigned its own source region (see <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>, <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
    2456 <a href="#psr">psr</a>, etc.), particle diameter (<a href="#radius">radius</a>) and particle density ratio (<a href="density_ratio">density_ratio</a>).<br><br>If
     9170      <a href="#psr">psr</a>, etc.), particle diameter (<a href="#radius">radius</a>) and particle density ratio (<a href="density_ratio">density_ratio</a>).<br>
     9171
     9172
     9173      <br>
     9174
     9175
     9176If
    24579177less values are given for <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>, <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
    24589178etc. than the number of particle groups, then the last value is used
    24599179for the remaining values (or the default value, if the user did not set
    2460 the parameter).<br> <br>
    2461 The maximum allowed number of particle groups is limited to <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span>.<br> </td>
    2462 </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a name="particles_per_point"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">particles_per_point</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">I</td><td align="left" valign="top">1</td><td align="left" valign="top">Number of particles to be
    2463 started per point.<br><br>By default, one particle is
     9180the parameter).<br>
     9181
     9182
     9183 <br>
     9184
     9185
     9186
     9187The maximum allowed number of particle groups is limited to <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span>.<br>
     9188
     9189
     9190 </td>
     9191
     9192
     9193
     9194    </tr>
     9195
     9196
     9197    <tr>
     9198
     9199
     9200      <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="particles_per_point"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">particles_per_point</span></td>
     9201
     9202
     9203      <td align="left" valign="top">I</td>
     9204
     9205
     9206      <td align="left" valign="top">1</td>
     9207
     9208
     9209      <td align="left" valign="top">Number of particles to be
     9210started per point.<br>
     9211
     9212
     9213      <br>
     9214
     9215
     9216By default, one particle is
    24649217started at all points of the particle source,&nbsp;defined by <span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">the </span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">package
    24659218parameters </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
    2466 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
    2467 </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="particle_advection_start"></a><b>particle_advection_</b>
    2468 <br> <b>start</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">0.0 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Time of the first
    2469 release of particles (in s). </p> <p>If particles are not
     9219      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
     9220      </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
     9221
     9222
     9223    </tr>
     9224
     9225
     9226    <tr>
     9227
     9228
     9229 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9230     
     9231     
     9232      <p><a name="particle_advection_start"></a><b>particle_advection_</b>
     9233      <br>
     9234
     9235
     9236 <b>start</b></p>
     9237
     9238
     9239 </td>
     9240
     9241
     9242 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td>
     9243
     9244
     9245 <td style="vertical-align: top;">0.0 </td>
     9246
     9247
     9248 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9249     
     9250     
     9251      <p>Time of the first
     9252release of particles (in s). </p>
     9253
     9254
     9255 
     9256     
     9257     
     9258      <p>If particles are not
    24709259to be released at the beginning of the
    24719260run, the release time can be set via <b>particle_advection_start</b>.<br>
     9261
     9262
     9263
    24729264If particle transport is switched on in a restart run, then <a href="#read_particles_from_restartfile">read_particles_from_restartfile</a>
    24739265= <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span> is
    2474 also required.</p><p>See also <a href="#end_time_prel">end_time_prel</a>.
    2475 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="particle_maximum_age"></a><b>particle_maximum_age</b></p>
    2476 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td>
    2477 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i>
    2478 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Maximum
    2479 allowed age of particles (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p>If the
     9266also required.</p>
     9267
     9268
     9269     
     9270     
     9271      <p>See also <a href="#end_time_prel">end_time_prel</a>.
     9272      </p>
     9273
     9274
     9275 </td>
     9276
     9277
     9278 </tr>
     9279
     9280
     9281 <tr>
     9282
     9283
     9284 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9285     
     9286     
     9287      <p><a name="particle_maximum_age"></a><b>particle_maximum_age</b></p>
     9288
     9289
     9290
     9291      </td>
     9292
     9293
     9294 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td>
     9295
     9296
     9297
     9298      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i>
     9299      </td>
     9300
     9301
     9302 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9303     
     9304     
     9305      <p>Maximum
     9306allowed age of particles (in s).&nbsp; </p>
     9307
     9308
     9309 
     9310     
     9311     
     9312      <p>If the
    24809313age of a particle exceeds the time set by <b>particle_maximum_age</b>,
    2481 the particle as well as its tail is deleted.</p> </td> </tr>
    2482 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pdx"></a><b>pdx</b></p> </td>
    2483 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br> </td>
    2484 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * dx</i>
    2485 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Distance
     9314the particle as well as its tail is deleted.</p>
     9315
     9316
     9317 </td>
     9318
     9319
     9320 </tr>
     9321
     9322
     9323
     9324    <tr>
     9325
     9326
     9327 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9328     
     9329     
     9330      <p><a name="pdx"></a><b>pdx</b></p>
     9331
     9332
     9333 </td>
     9334
     9335
     9336
     9337      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9338
     9339
     9340 </td>
     9341
     9342
     9343
     9344      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * dx</i>
     9345      </td>
     9346
     9347
     9348 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9349     
     9350     
     9351      <p>Distance
    24869352along x between particles within a particle source
    2487 (in m).&nbsp; </p> <p>If the particle source shall be
     9353(in m).&nbsp; </p>
     9354
     9355
     9356 
     9357     
     9358     
     9359      <p>If the particle source shall be
    24889360confined to one grid point,
    24899361the distances given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">pdx</span>,
    2490 <a href="#pdy">pdy</a>
     9362      <a href="#pdy">pdy</a>
    24919363and <a href="#pdz">pdz</a>
    24929364must be set larger than the respective domain size or <a href="#psl">psl</a>
    24939365= <a href="#psr">psr</a> has to be set
    24949366alternatively.<br>
    2495 </p> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">pdx</span>
     9367
     9368
     9369
     9370      </p>
     9371
     9372
     9373 
     9374     
     9375     
     9376      <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">pdx</span>
    24969377can be assigned a different value for each particle group (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>).<br>
    2497 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pdy"></a><b>pdy</b></p>
    2498 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2499 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2500 * dy</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance
     9378
     9379
     9380
     9381      </p>
     9382
     9383
     9384 </td>
     9385
     9386
     9387 </tr>
     9388
     9389
     9390 <tr>
     9391
     9392
     9393 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9394     
     9395     
     9396      <p><a name="pdy"></a><b>pdy</b></p>
     9397
     9398
     9399
     9400      </td>
     9401
     9402
     9403 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9404
     9405
     9406
     9407      </td>
     9408
     9409
     9410 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     9411* dy</i> </td>
     9412
     9413
     9414 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance
    25019415along y between
    25029416particles within a
    2503 particle source (in m).&nbsp; </td> </tr> <tr>
    2504 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pdz"></a><b>pdz</b></p> </td>
    2505 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2506 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2507 * ( zu(2) - zu(1) )</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance along z between
     9417particle source (in m).&nbsp; </td>
     9418
     9419
     9420 </tr>
     9421
     9422
     9423 <tr>
     9424
     9425
     9426
     9427      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9428     
     9429     
     9430      <p><a name="pdz"></a><b>pdz</b></p>
     9431
     9432
     9433 </td>
     9434
     9435
     9436
     9437      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9438
     9439
     9440
     9441      </td>
     9442
     9443
     9444 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     9445* ( zu(2) - zu(1) )</i> </td>
     9446
     9447
     9448 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance along z between
    25089449particles within a particle source
    2509 (in m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="psb"></a><b>psb</b></p>
    2510 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2511 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10&nbsp;
    2512 * zu(nz/2)</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Bottom
     9450(in m). </td>
     9451
     9452
     9453 </tr>
     9454
     9455
     9456 <tr>
     9457
     9458
     9459 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9460     
     9461     
     9462      <p><a name="psb"></a><b>psb</b></p>
     9463
     9464
     9465
     9466      </td>
     9467
     9468
     9469 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9470
     9471
     9472
     9473      </td>
     9474
     9475
     9476 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10&nbsp;
     9477* zu(nz/2)</i> </td>
     9478
     9479
     9480 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Bottom
    25139481edge of a particle
    2514 source (in m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="psl"></a><b>psl</b></p>
    2515 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2516 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2517 * 0.0</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Left
     9482source (in m). </td>
     9483
     9484
     9485 </tr>
     9486
     9487
     9488 <tr>
     9489
     9490
     9491 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9492     
     9493     
     9494      <p><a name="psl"></a><b>psl</b></p>
     9495
     9496
     9497
     9498      </td>
     9499
     9500
     9501 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9502
     9503
     9504
     9505      </td>
     9506
     9507
     9508 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     9509* 0.0</i> </td>
     9510
     9511
     9512 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Left
    25189513edge of a particle source
    2519 (in m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="psn"></a><b>psn</b></p>
    2520 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2521 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2522 * (ny * dy)</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Rear
     9514(in m). </td>
     9515
     9516
     9517 </tr>
     9518
     9519
     9520 <tr>
     9521
     9522
     9523 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9524     
     9525     
     9526      <p><a name="psn"></a><b>psn</b></p>
     9527
     9528
     9529
     9530      </td>
     9531
     9532
     9533 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9534
     9535
     9536
     9537      </td>
     9538
     9539
     9540 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     9541* (ny * dy)</i> </td>
     9542
     9543
     9544 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Rear
    25239545(&ldquo;north&rdquo;) edge of a
    2524 particle source (in m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="psr"></a><b>psr</b></p>
    2525 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2526 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2527 * (nx * dx)</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Right
     9546particle source (in m). </td>
     9547
     9548
     9549 </tr>
     9550
     9551
     9552 <tr>
     9553
     9554
     9555 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9556     
     9557     
     9558      <p><a name="psr"></a><b>psr</b></p>
     9559
     9560
     9561
     9562      </td>
     9563
     9564
     9565 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9566
     9567
     9568
     9569      </td>
     9570
     9571
     9572 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     9573* (nx * dx)</i> </td>
     9574
     9575
     9576 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Right
    25289577edge of a particle
    2529 source (in m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pss"></a><b>pss</b></p>
    2530 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2531 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2532 * 0.0</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Front
     9578source (in m). </td>
     9579
     9580
     9581 </tr>
     9582
     9583
     9584 <tr>
     9585
     9586
     9587 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9588     
     9589     
     9590      <p><a name="pss"></a><b>pss</b></p>
     9591
     9592
     9593
     9594      </td>
     9595
     9596
     9597 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9598
     9599
     9600
     9601      </td>
     9602
     9603
     9604 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     9605* 0.0</i> </td>
     9606
     9607
     9608 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Front
    25339609(&ldquo;south&rdquo;) edge of a
    2534 particle source (in m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="pst"></a><b>pst</b></p>
    2535 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
    2536 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2537 * zu(nz/2)</i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Top
     9610particle source (in m). </td>
     9611
     9612
     9613 </tr>
     9614
     9615
     9616 <tr>
     9617
     9618
     9619 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9620     
     9621     
     9622      <p><a name="pst"></a><b>pst</b></p>
     9623
     9624
     9625
     9626      </td>
     9627
     9628
     9629 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
     9630
     9631
     9632
     9633      </td>
     9634
     9635
     9636 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     9637* zu(nz/2)</i> </td>
     9638
     9639
     9640 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Top
    25389641edge of a particle source
    2539 (in m). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="radius"></a><b>radius</b></p>
    2540 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
    2541 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0, 9</i>*<br>
    2542 <i>9999999.9</i></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle radius (in m).<br>
    2543 <br>The viscous friction (in case of a velocity difference
     9642(in m). </td>
     9643
     9644
     9645 </tr>
     9646
     9647
     9648 <tr>
     9649
     9650
     9651 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9652     
     9653     
     9654      <p><a name="radius"></a><b>radius</b></p>
     9655
     9656
     9657
     9658      </td>
     9659
     9660
     9661 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
     9662
     9663
     9664
     9665      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0, 9</i>*<br>
     9666
     9667
     9668
     9669      <i>9999999.9</i></td>
     9670
     9671
     9672 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle radius (in m).<br>
     9673
     9674
     9675
     9676      <br>
     9677
     9678
     9679The viscous friction (in case of a velocity difference
    25449680between
    25459681particles and surrounding fluid) depends on the particle radius which
    25469682must be assigned as soon as <a href="chapter_4.2.html#density_ratio">density_ratio</a>
    2547 /= <i>0.0</i>.<br> <br>
     9683/= <i>0.0</i>.<br>
     9684
     9685
     9686 <br>
     9687
     9688
     9689
    25489690With several groups of particles (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
    25499691each group can be assigned a different value. If the number of values
    … …  
    25529694groups defined by <span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span>,
    25539695then the last assigned value is used for all remaining groups. This
    2554 means that by default the particle radius for all groups will be <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.<br> </td>
    2555 </tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="random_start_position"></a><b>random_start_position</b></p>
    2556 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    2557 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
    2558 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;"><font color="#000000">Initial position of the</font></span>
     9696means that by default the particle radius for all groups will be <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.<br>
     9697
     9698
     9699 </td>
     9700
     9701
     9702
     9703    </tr>
     9704
     9705
     9706    <tr>
     9707
     9708
     9709 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9710     
     9711     
     9712      <p><a name="random_start_position"></a><b>random_start_position</b></p>
     9713
     9714
     9715
     9716      </td>
     9717
     9718
     9719 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     9720
     9721
     9722 </td>
     9723
     9724
     9725
     9726      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
     9727
     9728
     9729
     9730      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9731     
     9732     
     9733      <p><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;"><font color="#000000">Initial position of the</font></span>
    25599734particles is
    2560 varied randomly within certain limits.&nbsp; </p> <p>By
     9735varied randomly within certain limits.&nbsp; </p>
     9736
     9737
     9738 
     9739     
     9740     
     9741      <p>By
    25619742default, the initial positions of particles within the
    25629743source excatly correspond with the positions given by <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
    2563 <a href="#psr">psr</a>, <a href="#psn">psn</a>,
    2564 <a href="#pss">pss</a>, <a href="#psb">psb</a>,
    2565 <a href="#pst">pst</a>, <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>,
    2566 <a href="#pdy">pdy</a>,
     9744      <a href="#psr">psr</a>, <a href="#psn">psn</a>,
     9745      <a href="#pss">pss</a>, <a href="#psb">psb</a>,
     9746      <a href="#pst">pst</a>, <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>,
     9747      <a href="#pdy">pdy</a>,
    25679748and<a href="#pdz">
    25689749pdz</a>. With <b>random_start_position</b> = <i>.T.
    2569 </i>the initial
     9750      </i>the initial
    25709751positions of the particles are allowed to randomly vary from these
    2571 positions within certain limits.&nbsp; </p> <p><b>Very
    2572 important:<br> </b>In case of <b>random_start_position</b>
     9752positions within certain limits.&nbsp; </p>
     9753
     9754
     9755 
     9756     
     9757     
     9758      <p><b>Very
     9759important:<br>
     9760
     9761
     9762 </b>In case of <b>random_start_position</b>
    25739763= <i>.T.</i>, the
    25749764random-number generators on the individual PEs no longer&nbsp;
    … …  
    25769766field
    25779767(see <a href="#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>),
    2578 <font color="#000000">then as consequence for parallel
     9768      <font color="#000000">then as consequence for parallel
    25799769runs the
    25809770realizations of the turbulent flow
    25819771fields will deviate between runs which used different numbers of PEs!</font></p>
    2582 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="read_particles_from_restartfile"></a><b>read_particles_from_</b>
    2583 <br> <b>restartfile</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
    2584 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Read particle
    2585 data from the previous run.&nbsp; </p> <p>By default,
     9772
     9773
     9774
     9775      </td>
     9776
     9777
     9778 </tr>
     9779
     9780
     9781 <tr>
     9782
     9783
     9784 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9785     
     9786     
     9787      <p><a name="read_particles_from_restartfile"></a><b>read_particles_from_</b>
     9788      <br>
     9789
     9790
     9791 <b>restartfile</b></p>
     9792
     9793
     9794 </td>
     9795
     9796
     9797 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     9798
     9799
     9800 </td>
     9801
     9802
     9803 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
     9804
     9805
     9806
     9807      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     9808     
     9809     
     9810      <p>Read particle
     9811data from the previous run.&nbsp; </p>
     9812
     9813
     9814 
     9815     
     9816     
     9817      <p>By default,
    25869818with restart runs particle data is read
    25879819from file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>,
    … …  
    25909822first time (see <a href="#particle_advection_start">particle_advection_start</a>),
    25919823then <b>read_particles_from_restartfile</b> = <i>.F.</i>
    2592 is required.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_particles_for_tail"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span><br>
    2593 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br> </td>
    2594 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span><br> </td>
    2595 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Limit the number of
    2596 particle tails.<br> <br>
     9824is required.</p>
     9825
     9826
     9827 </td>
     9828
     9829
     9830 </tr>
     9831
     9832
     9833 <tr>
     9834
     9835
     9836 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_particles_for_tail"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span><br>
     9837
     9838
     9839
     9840      </td>
     9841
     9842
     9843 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
     9844
     9845
     9846 </td>
     9847
     9848
     9849
     9850      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span><br>
     9851
     9852
     9853 </td>
     9854
     9855
     9856
     9857      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Limit the number of
     9858particle tails.<br>
     9859
     9860
     9861 <br>
     9862
     9863
     9864
    25979865If particle tails are switched on (see <a href="#use_particle_tails">use_particle_tails</a>),
    25989866every particle is given a tail by default. <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail </span>can
    2599 be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br> <br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br> <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span>
     9867be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br>
     9868
     9869
     9870 <br>
     9871
     9872
     9873 <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     9874
     9875
     9876 <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span>
    26009877= <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span> means
    2601 that only every 10th particle will be given a tail.<br> </td>
    2602 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_particle_tails"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_particle_tails</span><br>
    2603 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td>
    2604 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> </td>
    2605 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Give particles a tail.<br>
    2606 <br>A particle tail is defined by the path a particle has moved
     9878that only every 10th particle will be given a tail.<br>
     9879
     9880
     9881 </td>
     9882
     9883
     9884
     9885    </tr>
     9886
     9887
     9888 <tr>
     9889
     9890
     9891 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_particle_tails"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_particle_tails</span><br>
     9892
     9893
     9894
     9895      </td>
     9896
     9897
     9898 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     9899
     9900
     9901 </td>
     9902
     9903
     9904
     9905      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br>
     9906
     9907
     9908 </td>
     9909
     9910
     9911
     9912      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Give particles a tail.<br>
     9913
     9914
     9915
     9916      <br>
     9917
     9918
     9919A particle tail is defined by the path a particle has moved
    26079920along starting from some point of time in the past. It consists of a
    26089921set of descrete points in space which may e.g. be connected by a line
    2609 in order visualize how the particle has moved.<br> <br>
     9922in order visualize how the particle has moved.<br>
     9923
     9924
     9925 <br>
     9926
     9927
     9928
    26109929By default, particles have no tail. Parameter&nbsp;<a href="#skip_particles_for_tail">skip_particles_for_tail</a>
    2611 can be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br> <br>
     9930can be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br>
     9931
     9932
     9933 <br>
     9934
     9935
     9936
    26129937The length of the tail is controlled by parameters&nbsp;<a href="#maximum_number_of_tailpoints">maximum_number_of_tailpoints</a>,&nbsp;<a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>,
    26139938and <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>.<br>
    2614 </td> </tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_sgs_for_particles"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">L</td><td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td align="left" valign="top">Use subgrid-scale
    2615 velocities for particle advection.<br><br>These
     9939
     9940
     9941
     9942      </td>
     9943
     9944
     9945 </tr>
     9946
     9947
     9948    <tr>
     9949
     9950
     9951      <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_sgs_for_particles"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span></td>
     9952
     9953
     9954      <td align="left" valign="top">L</td>
     9955
     9956
     9957      <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     9958
     9959
     9960      <td align="left" valign="top">Use subgrid-scale
     9961velocities for particle advection.<br>
     9962
     9963
     9964      <br>
     9965
     9966
     9967These
    26169968velocities are calculated from the resolved and subgrid-scale TKE using
    26179969the Monte-Carlo random-walk method described by Weil et al. (2004, JAS,
    … …  
    26239975order to limit the number of sub-timesteps (and to limit the CPU-time),
    26249976the minimum value for the particle timestep is defined by the package
    2625 parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>.<br><br>Setting
    2626 <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span>
     9977parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>.<br>
     9978
     9979
     9980      <br>
     9981
     9982
     9983Setting
     9984      <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span>
    26279985= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>
    26289986automatically forces <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>
    … …  
    26309988This inhibits the occurrence of large (artificial) spatial gradients of
    26319989the subgrid-scale TKE which otherwise would lead to wrong results for
    2632 the particle advection.</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="vertical_particle_advection"></a><b>vertical_particle_</b>
    2633 <br> <b>advection</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
    2634 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Switch on/off
    2635 vertical particle transport. </p> <p>By default,
     9990the particle advection.</td>
     9991
     9992
     9993    </tr>
     9994
     9995
     9996    <tr>
     9997
     9998
     9999 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10000     
     10001     
     10002      <p><a name="vertical_particle_advection"></a><b>vertical_particle_</b>
     10003      <br>
     10004
     10005
     10006 <b>advection</b></p>
     10007
     10008
     10009 </td>
     10010
     10011
     10012 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     10013
     10014
     10015 </td>
     10016
     10017
     10018 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
     10019
     10020
     10021
     10022      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10023     
     10024     
     10025      <p>Switch on/off
     10026vertical particle transport. </p>
     10027
     10028
     10029 
     10030     
     10031     
     10032      <p>By default,
    263610033particles are transported along all three
    263710034directions in space. With <b>vertical_particle_advection</b>
    263810035= <i>.F., </i>the
    2639 particles will only be transported horizontally.</p> </td>
    2640 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="write_particle_statistics"></a><b>write_particle_</b>
    2641 <br> <b>statistics</b></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
    2642 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Switch on/off
    2643 output of particle informations.<br> </p> <p><br>
     10036particles will only be transported horizontally.</p>
     10037
     10038
     10039 </td>
     10040
     10041
     10042
     10043    </tr>
     10044
     10045
     10046 <tr>
     10047
     10048
     10049 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10050     
     10051     
     10052      <p><a name="write_particle_statistics"></a><b>write_particle_</b>
     10053      <br>
     10054
     10055
     10056 <b>statistics</b></p>
     10057
     10058
     10059 </td>
     10060
     10061
     10062 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     10063
     10064
     10065 </td>
     10066
     10067
     10068 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
     10069
     10070
     10071
     10072      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10073     
     10074     
     10075      <p>Switch on/off
     10076output of particle informations.<br>
     10077
     10078
     10079 </p>
     10080
     10081
     10082 
     10083     
     10084     
     10085      <p><br>
     10086
     10087
     10088
    264410089For <span style="font-weight: bold;">write_particle_statistics</span>
    264510090= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> s<span style="font-family: thorndale,serif;">tatistical
    … …  
    264810093for debugging are output to the
    264910094local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_INFOS</a>.&nbsp;
    2650 </p> <p><b>Note:</b> For parallel runs files
     10095      </p>
     10096
     10097
     10098 
     10099     
     10100     
     10101      <p><b>Note:</b> For parallel runs files
    265110102may become very large
    2652 and performance of PALM may decrease.</p> </td> </tr>
    2653 </tbody></table><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
    2654 </span><br><h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Paketparameter"></a>Package
    2655 parameters: </h3><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Package
     10103and performance of PALM may decrease.</p>
     10104
     10105
     10106 </td>
     10107
     10108
     10109 </tr>
     10110
     10111
     10112
     10113 
     10114 
     10115  </tbody>
     10116</table>
     10117
     10118
     10119<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
     10120
     10121
     10122
     10123</span><br>
     10124
     10125
     10126<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Paketparameter"></a>Package
     10127parameters: </h3>
     10128
     10129
     10130<br>
     10131
     10132
     10133<span style="font-weight: bold;">Package
    265610134(<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> option
    265710135-p): <span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="dvrp_graphics"></a>dvrp_graphics</span>
    265810136&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    265910137NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp_graphics_par<br>
    2660 <br></span></span><table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr>
    2661 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
    2662 name</b></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
    2663 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> </td>
    2664 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
    2665 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dt_dvrp"></a><b>dt_dvrp</b></p>
    2666 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2667 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    2668 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Temporal
     10138
     10139
     10140
     10141<br>
     10142
     10143
     10144</span></span>
     10145<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     10146
     10147
     10148 <tbody>
     10149
     10150
     10151 <tr>
     10152
     10153
     10154
     10155      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
     10156name</b></font></td>
     10157
     10158
     10159 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
     10160
     10161
     10162
     10163      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10164     
     10165     
     10166      <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
     10167
     10168
     10169 <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
     10170
     10171
     10172 </td>
     10173
     10174
     10175
     10176      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
     10177
     10178
     10179
     10180    </tr>
     10181
     10182
     10183 <tr>
     10184
     10185
     10186 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10187     
     10188     
     10189      <p><a name="dt_dvrp"></a><b>dt_dvrp</b></p>
     10190
     10191
     10192
     10193      </td>
     10194
     10195
     10196 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     10197
     10198
     10199
     10200      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     10201
     10202
     10203
     10204      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10205     
     10206     
     10207      <p>Temporal
    266910208interval of scenes to be displayed with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software (in
    2670 s).&nbsp; </p> <p>Isosurfaces, cross sections and
     10209s).&nbsp; </p>
     10210
     10211
     10212 
     10213     
     10214     
     10215      <p>Isosurfaces, cross sections and
    267110216particles can be displayed
    267210217simultaneous. The display of particles requires that the particle
    267310218transport is switched on (see <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>).
    2674 Objects to be displayed have to be determined with <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>. </p> <p>If
     10219Objects to be displayed have to be determined with <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>. </p>
     10220
     10221
     10222 
     10223     
     10224     
     10225      <p>If
    267510226output of scenes created by dvrp software is switched on
    267610227(see <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>),
    … …  
    268610237scenes are created and
    268710238output after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dvrp</b>
    2688 = <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p> </td>
    2689 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dvrp_directory"></a><b>dvrp_directory</b></p>
    2690 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
    2691 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
    2692 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Name of the
     10239= <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p>
     10240
     10241
     10242 </td>
     10243
     10244
     10245
     10246    </tr>
     10247
     10248
     10249 <tr>
     10250
     10251
     10252 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10253     
     10254     
     10255      <p><a name="dvrp_directory"></a><b>dvrp_directory</b></p>
     10256
     10257
     10258
     10259      </td>
     10260
     10261
     10262 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
     10263
     10264
     10265
     10266      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
     10267
     10268
     10269
     10270      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10271     
     10272     
     10273      <p>Name of the
    269310274directory into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    2694 software shall be saved.&nbsp; </p> <p>By default,
     10275software shall be saved.&nbsp; </p>
     10276
     10277
     10278 
     10279     
     10280     
     10281      <p>By default,
    269510282the directory name is generated from the user
    269610283name
    269710284(see package parameter <a href="#dvrp_username">dvrp_username</a>)
    269810285and the base file name (given as the argument of <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> option -d) as <span style="font-style: italic;">'&lt;user
    2699 name&gt;/&lt;base file name&gt;'</span>.</p> </td>
    2700 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dvrp_file"></a><b>dvrp_file</b></p>
    2701 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
    2702 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
    2703 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Name of the
     10286name&gt;/&lt;base file name&gt;'</span>.</p>
     10287
     10288
     10289 </td>
     10290
     10291
     10292
     10293    </tr>
     10294
     10295
     10296 <tr>
     10297
     10298
     10299 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10300     
     10301     
     10302      <p><a name="dvrp_file"></a><b>dvrp_file</b></p>
     10303
     10304
     10305
     10306      </td>
     10307
     10308
     10309 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
     10310
     10311
     10312
     10313      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
     10314
     10315
     10316
     10317      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10318     
     10319     
     10320      <p>Name of the
    270410321file into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    2705 software shall be output.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     10322software shall be output.&nbsp; </p>
     10323
     10324
     10325 
     10326     
     10327     
     10328      <p>This
    270610329parameter can be given a value only in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
    270710330= <span style="font-style: italic;">'local'</span><i>
    2708 </i>which
     10331      </i>which
    270910332determines that the data created by <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    271010333is output to a local file (on the machine where PALM is executed).
    … …  
    271210335means that no output is really stored). This can be used for special
    271310336runtime measurements of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    2714 software.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dvrp_host"></a><b>dvrp_host</b></p>
    2715 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
    2716 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><i>'origin.rvs.</i>
    2717 <br>u<i>ni- hanover.de'</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Name of the computer
     10337software.</p>
     10338
     10339
     10340 </td>
     10341
     10342
     10343 </tr>
     10344
     10345
     10346 <tr>
     10347
     10348
     10349 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10350     
     10351     
     10352      <p><a name="dvrp_host"></a><b>dvrp_host</b></p>
     10353
     10354
     10355
     10356      </td>
     10357
     10358
     10359 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
     10360
     10361
     10362
     10363      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10364     
     10365     
     10366      <p><i>'origin.rvs.</i>
     10367      <br>
     10368
     10369
     10370u<i>ni- hanover.de'</i></p>
     10371
     10372
     10373 </td>
     10374
     10375
     10376 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10377     
     10378     
     10379      <p>Name of the computer
    271810380to which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    271910381software shall be
    2720 transferred.&nbsp; </p> <p>In case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
     10382transferred.&nbsp; </p>
     10383
     10384
     10385 
     10386     
     10387     
     10388      <p>In case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
    272110389= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span>
    272210390only the default
    … …  
    272410392the RRZN). For <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
    272510393= <span style="font-style: italic;">'local'</span><i>
    2726 </i>the
    2727 assigned value is ignored.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    2728 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dvrp_output"></a><b>dvrp_output</b></p>
    2729 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
    2730 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
    2731 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Output mode
     10394      </i>the
     10395assigned value is ignored.</p>
     10396
     10397
     10398 </td>
     10399
     10400
     10401 </tr>
     10402
     10403
     10404 <tr>
     10405
     10406
     10407
     10408      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10409     
     10410     
     10411      <p><a name="dvrp_output"></a><b>dvrp_output</b></p>
     10412
     10413
     10414
     10415      </td>
     10416
     10417
     10418 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
     10419
     10420
     10421
     10422      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
     10423
     10424
     10425
     10426      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10427     
     10428     
     10429      <p>Output mode
    273210430for the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    2733 software. <br> <br> </p>
    2734 The following settings are allowed:<br> <br> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
    2735 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
     10431software. <br>
     10432
     10433
     10434 <br>
     10435
     10436
     10437 </p>
     10438
     10439
     10440
     10441The following settings are allowed:<br>
     10442
     10443
     10444 <br>
     10445
     10446
     10447 
     10448     
     10449     
     10450      <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     10451
     10452
     10453 <tbody>
     10454
     10455
     10456 <tr>
     10457
     10458
     10459 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
     10460
     10461
     10462
     10463            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    273610464software is transferred using
    273710465a special transmission protocol to a so-called streaming server, which
    273810466is able to continuously transfer visualization data with a
    273910467high transmission rate.&nbsp; <br>
     10468
     10469
     10470
    274010471Additionally, with this output mode a
    274110472set of files is generated automatically
    … …  
    274510476(streaming-server) and directory can be defined by the user with <a href="#dvrp_host">dvrp_host</a>
    274610477and <a href="#dvrp_directory">dvrp_directory</a>.</td>
    2747 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'ftp'</i></td>
    2748 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
     10478
     10479
     10480
     10481          </tr>
     10482
     10483
     10484 <tr>
     10485
     10486
     10487 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'ftp'</i></td>
     10488
     10489
     10490
     10491            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    274910492software is transferred to the destination host (see <a href="#dvrp_host">dvrp_host</a>
    275010493and <a href="#dvrp_directory">dvrp_directory</a>)
    2751 using ftp.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'local'</i></td>
    2752 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
     10494using ftp.</td>
     10495
     10496
     10497 </tr>
     10498
     10499
     10500 <tr>
     10501
     10502
     10503 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'local'</i></td>
     10504
     10505
     10506
     10507            <td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    275310508software is output locally on a file defined by <a href="#dvrp_file">dvrp_file
    2754 </a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br>
    2755 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dvrp_password"></a><b>dvrp_password</b></p>
    2756 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
    2757 <td style="vertical-align: top;">'********'</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Password for the
     10509            </a>.</td>
     10510
     10511
     10512 </tr>
     10513
     10514
     10515 
     10516       
     10517       
     10518        </tbody>
     10519     
     10520     
     10521      </table>
     10522
     10523
     10524 <br>
     10525
     10526
     10527
     10528      </td>
     10529
     10530
     10531 </tr>
     10532
     10533
     10534 <tr>
     10535
     10536
     10537 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10538     
     10539     
     10540      <p><a name="dvrp_password"></a><b>dvrp_password</b></p>
     10541
     10542
     10543
     10544      </td>
     10545
     10546
     10547 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
     10548
     10549
     10550
     10551      <td style="vertical-align: top;">'********'</td>
     10552
     10553
     10554 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10555     
     10556     
     10557      <p>Password for the
    275810558computer to which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software is to
    275910559be
    2760 transferred.&nbsp; </p> <p>Assigning a password is
     10560transferred.&nbsp; </p>
     10561
     10562
     10563 
     10564     
     10565     
     10566      <p>Assigning a password is
    276110567only necessary in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
    276210568= <span style="font-style: italic;">'ftp'</span>.
    276310569For <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
    276410570= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span><i>
    2765 </i>the default
    2766 value must not be changed!</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    2767 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dvrp_username"></a><b>dvrp_username</b></p>
    2768 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
    2769 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>User name of a valid
     10571      </i>the default
     10572value must not be changed!</p>
     10573
     10574
     10575 </td>
     10576
     10577
     10578 </tr>
     10579
     10580
     10581 <tr>
     10582
     10583
     10584
     10585      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10586     
     10587     
     10588      <p><a name="dvrp_username"></a><b>dvrp_username</b></p>
     10589
     10590
     10591
     10592      </td>
     10593
     10594
     10595 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
     10596
     10597
     10598
     10599      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
     10600
     10601
     10602 </td>
     10603
     10604
     10605 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10606     
     10607     
     10608      <p>User name of a valid
    277010609account on the computer to which data
    277110610created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    277210611software
    277310612is to be
    2774 transferred.&nbsp; </p> <p>Assigning a value to this
     10613transferred.&nbsp; </p>
     10614
     10615
     10616 
     10617     
     10618     
     10619      <p>Assigning a value to this
    277510620parameter is required in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
    277610621= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span>
    277710622or <span style="font-style: italic;">'ftp'</span>.</p>
    2778 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="mode_dvrp"></a><b>mode_dvrp</b></p>
    2779 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20&nbsp;
    2780 <br>(10)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
    2781 * ''</i></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">
    2782 <p>Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles) which are
     10623
     10624
     10625
     10626      </td>
     10627
     10628
     10629 </tr>
     10630
     10631
     10632 <tr>
     10633
     10634
     10635 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10636     
     10637     
     10638      <p><a name="mode_dvrp"></a><b>mode_dvrp</b></p>
     10639
     10640
     10641
     10642      </td>
     10643
     10644
     10645 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20&nbsp;
     10646      <br>
     10647
     10648
     10649(10)</td>
     10650
     10651
     10652 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
     10653* ''</i></td>
     10654
     10655
     10656 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10657     
     10658     
     10659      <p>Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles) which are
    278310660to be created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    2784 software.&nbsp; </p> <p>Several different objects can
     10661software.&nbsp; </p>
     10662
     10663
     10664 
     10665     
     10666     
     10667      <p>Several different objects can
    278510668be assigned simultaneously and
    278610669will be displayed in the same scene. Allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span> are <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface#'</span>
    … …  
    278910672Within the strings the hash character ("#") has to be replaced by a
    279010673digit &le;9. Up to 10 objects
    2791 can be assigned at the same time, e.g. :&nbsp; </p> <blockquote><b>mode_dvrp</b>
     10674can be assigned at the same time, e.g. :&nbsp; </p>
     10675
     10676
     10677 
     10678     
     10679     
     10680      <blockquote><b>mode_dvrp</b>
    279210681= <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface2'</span><i>,
    279310682'slicer1',
    2794 'particles', 'slicer2'</i></blockquote> <p>In this
     10683'particles', 'slicer2'</i></blockquote>
     10684
     10685
     10686 
     10687     
     10688     
     10689      <p>In this
    279510690case one isosurface, two cross sections, and particles
    279610691will be created. The quantities for which an isosurface are to be
    … …  
    281910714The theshold value for which the isosurface is
    282010715to be created can be defined with parameter <a href="#threshold">threshold</a>.<br>
    2821 </p> <p>The vertical extension of the displayed domain is
    2822 given by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>.<br> </p>
    2823 <p>The vertical extension of the displayed domain is given by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>. </p> <p><b>Assignments
     10716
     10717
     10718
     10719      </p>
     10720
     10721
     10722 
     10723     
     10724     
     10725      <p>The vertical extension of the displayed domain is
     10726given by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>.<br>
     10727
     10728
     10729 </p>
     10730
     10731
     10732
     10733     
     10734     
     10735      <p>The vertical extension of the displayed domain is given by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>. </p>
     10736
     10737
     10738 
     10739     
     10740     
     10741      <p><b>Assignments
    282410742of mode_dvrp must correspond to those of data_output
    282510743and
    … …  
    283010748thus <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface1'</span>
    283110749and/or <span style="font-style: italic;">'slicer1'</span><i>.</i>&nbsp;
    2832 </p> <p>Further details about using the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software are
     10750      </p>
     10751
     10752
     10753 
     10754     
     10755     
     10756      <p>Further details about using the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software are
    283310757given in <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">chapter
    2834 4.5.7</a>.<br> </p> <b>Note:</b><br>
     107584.5.7</a>.<br>
     10759
     10760
     10761 </p>
     10762
     10763
     10764 <b>Note:</b><br>
     10765
     10766
     10767
    283510768The declaration color charts to be
    283610769used still have to be given "manually" in subroutine <span style="font-family: monospace;">user_dvrp_coltab</span>
    283710770(file <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user_interface.f90</font></tt>).&nbsp;
    2838 <br>A change of particle colors and/or particle diameters (e.g.
     10771      <br>
     10772
     10773
     10774A change of particle colors and/or particle diameters (e.g.
    283910775according
    284010776to the local characteristics of the flow field) to be used for the
    … …  
    284210778to <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user_particle_attributes</font></tt>
    284310779(in file <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user_interface.f90</font></tt>).&nbsp;</td>
    2844 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="slicer_range_limits_dvrp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">slicer_range_limits_<br>
    2845 dvrp</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2,10)</td>
    2846 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
    2847 * (-1,1)</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ranges
     10780
     10781
     10782
     10783    </tr>
     10784
     10785
     10786 <tr>
     10787
     10788
     10789 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="slicer_range_limits_dvrp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">slicer_range_limits_<br>
     10790
     10791
     10792
     10793dvrp</span></td>
     10794
     10795
     10796 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2,10)</td>
     10797
     10798
     10799
     10800      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
     10801* (-1,1)</span></td>
     10802
     10803
     10804 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Ranges
    284810805of values to which a color table has to be mapped (units of the
    2849 respective quantity).<br> <br>
     10806respective quantity).<br>
     10807
     10808
     10809 <br>
     10810
     10811
     10812
    285010813In case that slicers have to be displayed (see <a href="#threshold">mode_dvrp</a>),
    285110814this parameter defines the ranges of values of the respective
    … …  
    285710820within these limits will be displayed by a continuous color gradient
    285810821from blue to red and Temperatures outside the limits will
    2859 be displayed either in dark blue or in dark red.<br> <br>
     10822be displayed either in dark blue or in dark red.<br>
     10823
     10824
     10825 <br>
     10826
     10827
     10828
    286010829Up to ten different ranges can be assigned in case that more than one
    2861 slicer has to be displayed.<br> <br>
     10830slicer has to be displayed.<br>
     10831
     10832
     10833 <br>
     10834
     10835
     10836
    286210837See <a href="#threshold">mode_dvrp</a>
    2863 for the declaration of color charts.</td> </tr> <tr>
    2864 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="superelevation"></a><b>superelevation</b></p>
    2865 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    2866 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
    2867 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Superelevation
    2868 factor for the vertical coordinate.&nbsp; </p> <p>For
     10838for the declaration of color charts.</td>
     10839
     10840
     10841 </tr>
     10842
     10843
     10844 <tr>
     10845
     10846
     10847
     10848      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10849     
     10850     
     10851      <p><a name="superelevation"></a><b>superelevation</b></p>
     10852
     10853
     10854
     10855      </td>
     10856
     10857
     10858 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     10859
     10860
     10861
     10862      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
     10863
     10864
     10865
     10866      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10867     
     10868     
     10869      <p>Superelevation
     10870factor for the vertical coordinate.&nbsp; </p>
     10871
     10872
     10873 
     10874     
     10875     
     10876      <p>For
    286910877domains with unfavorable ratio between the vertical and
    287010878the horizontal size
    … …  
    287910887be used, since otherwise the domain appears as a
    288010888"flat disk" in the visualization and thus the vertical direction is
    2881 only very poorly resolved.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    2882 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="superelevation_x"></a><b>superelevation_x</b></p>
    2883 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    2884 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
    2885 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Superelevation
    2886 factor for the horizontal (x) coordinate.&nbsp; </p> <p>This
     10889only very poorly resolved.</p>
     10890
     10891
     10892 </td>
     10893
     10894
     10895 </tr>
     10896
     10897
     10898 <tr>
     10899
     10900
     10901
     10902      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10903     
     10904     
     10905      <p><a name="superelevation_x"></a><b>superelevation_x</b></p>
     10906
     10907
     10908
     10909      </td>
     10910
     10911
     10912 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     10913
     10914
     10915 </td>
     10916
     10917
     10918
     10919      <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
     10920
     10921
     10922
     10923      </td>
     10924
     10925
     10926 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10927     
     10928     
     10929      <p>Superelevation
     10930factor for the horizontal (x) coordinate.&nbsp; </p>
     10931
     10932
     10933 
     10934     
     10935     
     10936      <p>This
    288710937parameter can be used to stretch the displayed domain
    288810938along the x-direction. See also <a href="#superelevation">superelevation</a>.</p>
    2889 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="superelevation_y"></a><b>superelevation_y</b></p>
    2890 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    2891 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
    2892 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Superelevation
     10939
     10940
     10941
     10942      </td>
     10943
     10944
     10945 </tr>
     10946
     10947
     10948 <tr>
     10949
     10950
     10951 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10952     
     10953     
     10954      <p><a name="superelevation_y"></a><b>superelevation_y</b></p>
     10955
     10956
     10957
     10958      </td>
     10959
     10960
     10961 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     10962
     10963
     10964 </td>
     10965
     10966
     10967
     10968      <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
     10969
     10970
     10971
     10972      </td>
     10973
     10974
     10975 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Superelevation
    289310976factor for the
    2894 horizontal (y) coordinate.&nbsp; <p>This parameter can be
     10977horizontal (y) coordinate.&nbsp;
     10978     
     10979     
     10980      <p>This parameter can be
    289510981used to
    2896 stretch the displayed domain along the y-direction. See also <a href="#superelevation">superelevation</a>.</p> </td>
    2897 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="threshold"></a><b>threshold</b></p>
    2898 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
    2899 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">0.0<br>
    2900 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Threshold
     10982stretch the displayed domain along the y-direction. See also <a href="#superelevation">superelevation</a>.</p>
     10983
     10984
     10985 </td>
     10986
     10987
     10988
     10989    </tr>
     10990
     10991
     10992 <tr>
     10993
     10994
     10995 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     10996     
     10997     
     10998      <p><a name="threshold"></a><b>threshold</b></p>
     10999
     11000
     11001
     11002      </td>
     11003
     11004
     11005 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
     11006
     11007
     11008
     11009      </td>
     11010
     11011
     11012 <td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">0.0<br>
     11013
     11014
     11015
     11016      </td>
     11017
     11018
     11019 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11020     
     11021     
     11022      <p>Threshold
    290111023value for which an isosurface is to be created by
    290211024the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    2903 software.&nbsp; </p> <p>If the creation of
     11025software.&nbsp; </p>
     11026
     11027
     11028 
     11029     
     11030     
     11031      <p>If the creation of
    290411032isosurfaces is switched on via
    290511033parameter <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>,
    … …  
    291111039each isosurface can be assigned. The order of the threshold values
    291211040refers to the order of the isosurfaces given by <b>mode_dvrp</b>.</p>
    2913 </td> </tr> </tbody></table><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
     11041
     11042
     11043
     11044      </td>
     11045
     11046
     11047 </tr>
     11048
     11049
     11050 
     11051 
     11052 
     11053  </tbody>
     11054</table>
     11055
     11056
     11057<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
     11058
     11059
     11060
    291411061</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Package (<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
    291511062option -p): <span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="spectra"></a>spectra</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    291611063NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">spectra_par<br>
    2917 <br></span></span></span><table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr>
    2918 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
    2919 name</b></font></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
    2920 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> </td>
    2921 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
    2922 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="averaging_interval_sp"></a><b>averaging_interval_sp</b></p>
    2923 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td>
    2924 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
    2925 interval</a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Averaging interval
     11064
     11065
     11066
     11067<br>
     11068
     11069
     11070</span></span></span>
     11071<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
     11072
     11073
     11074 <tbody>
     11075
     11076
     11077 <tr>
     11078
     11079
     11080
     11081      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
     11082name</b></font></td>
     11083
     11084
     11085 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
     11086
     11087
     11088
     11089      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11090     
     11091     
     11092      <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
     11093
     11094
     11095 <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
     11096
     11097
     11098 </td>
     11099
     11100
     11101
     11102      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
     11103
     11104
     11105
     11106    </tr>
     11107
     11108
     11109 <tr>
     11110
     11111
     11112 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11113     
     11114     
     11115      <p><a name="averaging_interval_sp"></a><b>averaging_interval_sp</b></p>
     11116
     11117
     11118
     11119      </td>
     11120
     11121
     11122 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     11123
     11124
     11125 </td>
     11126
     11127
     11128
     11129      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
     11130
     11131
     11132
     11133interval</a></span> </td>
     11134
     11135
     11136 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11137     
     11138     
     11139      <p>Averaging interval
    292611140for spectra output to local
    292711141file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>
    2928 </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
     11142      </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
    292911143/ &nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
    2930 (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p>If
     11144(in s).&nbsp; </p>
     11145
     11146
     11147 
     11148     
     11149     
     11150      <p>If
    293111151this parameter is given a non-zero value, temporally
    293211152averaged spectra data are output. By default, spectra data data are not
    … …  
    293411154parameter <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>. In any
    293511155case <b>averaging_interval_sp</b> &lt;= <b>dt_dosp
    2936 </b>must
    2937 hold.</p>If an interval is defined, then by default the average
     11156      </b>must
     11157hold.</p>
     11158
     11159
     11160If an interval is defined, then by default the average
    293811161is calculated
    293911162from the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The
    294011163number of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
    294111164parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>.
    2942 <p>If
     11165     
     11166     
     11167      <p>If
    294311168an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it will
    294411169be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for restart
    294511170runs, averaging intervals do not
    2946 necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p></td> </tr>
    2947 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a name="comp_spectra_level"></a>comp_spectra_level</b></td>
    2948 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(10)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
    2949 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Vertical level
     11171necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p>
     11172
     11173
     11174      </td>
     11175
     11176
     11177 </tr>
     11178
     11179
     11180
     11181    <tr>
     11182
     11183
     11184 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a name="comp_spectra_level"></a>comp_spectra_level</b></td>
     11185
     11186
     11187
     11188      <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(10)</td>
     11189
     11190
     11191 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
     11192
     11193
     11194
     11195      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11196     
     11197     
     11198      <p>Vertical level
    295011199for which horizontal spectra are to be
    2951 calculated and output (gridpoints).<br> </p> <br>
    2952 Spectra can be calculated for up to ten levels.</td> </tr>
    2953 <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="data_output_sp"></a><b>data_output_sp</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10 (10)</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Quantities for which
     11200calculated and output (gridpoints).<br>
     11201
     11202
     11203 </p>
     11204
     11205
     11206 <br>
     11207
     11208
     11209
     11210Spectra can be calculated for up to ten levels.</td>
     11211
     11212
     11213 </tr>
     11214
     11215
     11216
     11217    <tr>
     11218
     11219
     11220      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11221     
     11222     
     11223      <p><a name="data_output_sp"></a><b>data_output_sp</b></p>
     11224
     11225
     11226      </td>
     11227
     11228
     11229      <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10 (10)</td>
     11230
     11231
     11232      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td>
     11233
     11234
     11235      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11236     
     11237     
     11238      <p>Quantities for which
    295411239horizontal spectra are to be calculated
    2955 and output.</p> <p>Allowed values are:&nbsp; <b>data_output_sp</b>
    2956 = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'q'</span>.<br> </p>
    2957 <p>Spectra are calculated using the FFT-method defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.</p>
    2958 <p>By default spectra data are output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>.
     11240and output.</p>
     11241
     11242
     11243 
     11244     
     11245     
     11246      <p>Allowed values are:&nbsp; <b>data_output_sp</b>
     11247= <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'q'</span>.<br>
     11248
     11249
     11250 </p>
     11251
     11252
     11253
     11254     
     11255     
     11256      <p>Spectra are calculated using the FFT-method defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.</p>
     11257
     11258
     11259
     11260     
     11261     
     11262      <p>By default spectra data are output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>.
    295911263The file's format is NetCDF.&nbsp; Further details about processing
    2960 NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p><p>The
     11264NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
     11265
     11266
     11267     
     11268     
     11269      <p>The
    296111270temporal interval of the output times of profiles is
    2962 assigned via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>.&nbsp;</p><p>The
     11271assigned via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>.&nbsp;</p>
     11272
     11273
     11274     
     11275     
     11276      <p>The
    296311277vertical levels for which spectra are to be computed and output must be
    296411278given by parameter <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>.
    2965 </p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     11279      </p>
     11280
     11281
     11282      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
     11283
     11284
     11285
    296611286Beside <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_sp</span>,
    296711287values <span style="font-weight: bold;">must</span>
    … …  
    297111291otherwise <span style="font-weight: bold;">no</span>
    297211292output will be
    2973 created!<br><br><br>
     11293created!<br>
     11294
     11295
     11296      <br>
     11297
     11298
     11299      <br>
     11300
     11301
     11302
    297411303Calculation of spectra requires cyclic boundary conditions
    297511304along the respective directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    … …  
    300911338parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter
    301011339input
    3011 file.<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br></span></td></tr><tr>
    3012 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="dt_dosp"></a><b>dt_dosp</b></p>
    3013 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
    3014 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
    3015 &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>output</a></i></td>
    3016 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Temporal
     11340file.<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
     11341
     11342
     11343      </span></td>
     11344
     11345
     11346    </tr>
     11347
     11348
     11349    <tr>
     11350
     11351
     11352
     11353      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11354     
     11355     
     11356      <p><a name="dt_dosp"></a><b>dt_dosp</b></p>
     11357
     11358
     11359
     11360      </td>
     11361
     11362
     11363 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
     11364
     11365
     11366
     11367      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
     11368&nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
     11369
     11370
     11371output</a></i></td>
     11372
     11373
     11374
     11375      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11376     
     11377     
     11378      <p>Temporal
    301711379interval at which&nbsp;spectra data shall be output
    3018 (in s).&nbsp; </p> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
     11380(in s).&nbsp; </p>
     11381
     11382
     11383 
     11384     
     11385     
     11386      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
    301911387horizontal spectra is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output_sp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_sp</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">this
    302011388parameter can be used to
    … …  
    302511393time is the beginning of
    302611394&nbsp;the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span> + <b>dt_dosp</b>,
    3027 <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span>
     11395      <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span>
    302811396+ 2*<b>dt_dosp</b>, skip_time_dosp + 3*<b>dt_dosp</b>,
    302911397etc. The actual output times can
    … …  
    303211400spectral data are output
    303311401after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dosp</b>
    3034 = <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p> </td>
    3035 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="plot_spectra_level"></a><b>plot_spectra_level</b></p>
    3036 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(10)</td>
    3037 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
    3038 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Vertical
     11402= <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p>
     11403
     11404
     11405 </td>
     11406
     11407
     11408
     11409    </tr>
     11410
     11411
     11412 <tr>
     11413
     11414
     11415 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11416     
     11417     
     11418      <p><a name="plot_spectra_level"></a><b>plot_spectra_level</b></p>
     11419
     11420
     11421
     11422      </td>
     11423
     11424
     11425 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I(10)</td>
     11426
     11427
     11428
     11429      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
     11430
     11431
     11432
     11433      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11434     
     11435     
     11436      <p>Vertical
    303911437level(s) for which horizontal spectra are to be
    3040 plotted (in gridpoints).&nbsp; </p> <p>This parameter
     11438plotted (in gridpoints).&nbsp; </p>
     11439
     11440
     11441 
     11442     
     11443     
     11444      <p>This parameter
    304111445only affects the display of spectra in plots
    304211446created with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
    304311447The
    304411448spectral data created and output to file are exclusively determined via
    3045 <font><a href="#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>.</p>
    3046 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dosp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span></td>
    3047 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>data_output</a></span>
    3048 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
    3049 spectra data before this interval has passed (in s).<br><br>This
     11449      <font><a href="#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>.</p>
     11450
     11451
     11452
     11453      </td>
     11454
     11455
     11456 </tr>
     11457
     11458
     11459 <tr>
     11460
     11461
     11462 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dosp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span></td>
     11463
     11464
     11465
     11466      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     11467
     11468
     11469 </td>
     11470
     11471
     11472 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
     11473
     11474
     11475data_output</a></span>
     11476      </td>
     11477
     11478
     11479 <td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
     11480spectra data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
     11481
     11482
     11483      <br>
     11484
     11485
     11486This
    305011487parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
    305111488this interval
    3052 (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>If
     11489(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
     11490
     11491
     11492      <br>
     11493
     11494
     11495      <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
     11496
     11497
     11498If
    305311499the user has set <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
    3054 first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td> </tr>
    3055 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p><a name="spectra_direction"></a><b>spectra_direction</b></p>
    3056 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*2 (10)</td>
    3057 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td>
    3058 <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p>Direction(s)
    3059 along which spectra are to be calculated.&nbsp; </p> <p>Allowed
     11500first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
     11501
     11502
     11503 </tr>
     11504
     11505
     11506
     11507    <tr>
     11508
     11509
     11510 <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11511     
     11512     
     11513      <p><a name="spectra_direction"></a><b>spectra_direction</b></p>
     11514
     11515
     11516
     11517      </td>
     11518
     11519
     11520 <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*2 (10)</td>
     11521
     11522
     11523
     11524      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td>
     11525
     11526
     11527
     11528      <td style="vertical-align: top;">
     11529     
     11530     
     11531      <p>Direction(s)
     11532along which spectra are to be calculated.&nbsp; </p>
     11533
     11534
     11535 
     11536     
     11537     
     11538      <p>Allowed
    306011539values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'x'</span>,
    3061 <span style="font-style: italic;">'y'</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span>. For
     11540      <span style="font-style: italic;">'y'</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span>. For
    306211541every quantity given by <a href="#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>
    306311542a corresponding
    306411543direction<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>must
    3065 be assigned.<br> </p> <p>Calculation of spectra
     11544be assigned.<br>
     11545
     11546
     11547 </p>
     11548
     11549
     11550 
     11551     
     11552     
     11553      <p>Calculation of spectra
    306611554requires cyclic boundary conditions
    306711555along the respective directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
    306811556and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p>
    3069 </td> </tr> </tbody></table><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
    3070 </span></span></span><h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><br><a href="chapter_4.1.html"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="chapter_4.3.html"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a></h3><span style="font-style: italic;">Last change:</span>
     11557
     11558
     11559
     11560      </td>
     11561
     11562
     11563 </tr>
     11564
     11565
     11566 
     11567 
     11568 
     11569  </tbody>
     11570</table>
     11571
     11572
     11573<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
     11574
     11575
     11576
     11577</span></span></span>
     11578<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><br>
     11579
     11580
     11581<a href="chapter_4.1.html"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="chapter_4.3.html"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a></h3>
     11582
     11583
     11584<span style="font-style: italic;">Last change:</span>
    307111585$Id$ <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
    3072 </span></span><br></body></html>
     11586
     11587
     11588
     11589</span></span><br>
     11590
     11591
     11592</body>
     11593</html>

  • palm/trunk/DOC/app/chapter_4.6.html

    r103 r108  
    11<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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    3 <meta http-equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><title>PALM chapter 4.6</title> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="StarOffice 7 (Win32)"> <meta name="AUTHOR" content="Marcus Oliver Letzel"> <meta name="CREATED" content="20041103;9554421"> <meta name="CHANGED" content="20041117;12591937"> <meta name="KEYWORDS" content="parallel LES model"> <style>
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     12  <title>PALM chapter 4.6</title>
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    434<!--
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    8 <body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US"><h3>4.6
     37  </style>
     38</head>
     39
     40
     41<body style="direction: ltr;" lang="en-US">
     42
     43<h3>4.6
    944Listing of the steering parameters in alphabetical order<br>
    10 </h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Initialization
     45
     46
     47</h3>
     48
     49<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Initialization
    1150parameters
    1251(class = I),
    1352run parameters (R), package parameters (P) as well as user-defined
    1453parameters (U) are alphabetically listed in the following table. <br>
     54
     55
    1556&nbsp;
    16 </p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="center"><br>
    17 </p><table style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="4"> <col width="38*">
    18 <col width="12*"> <col width="18*"> <col width="42*"> <col width="146*"> <tbody>
    19 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    20 <h3><b>Parameter name</b></h3> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%"> <h3>Class</h3>
    21 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
    22 <h3>Type</h3> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <h3>Default<br>
    23 value</h3> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <h3>Explanation</h3> </td> </tr>
    24 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    25 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#adjust_mixing_length"><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></a></p>
    26 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    27 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>L</p>
    28 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    29 <p><i>.F.</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Near-surface
     57</p>
     58
     59<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="center"><br>
     60
     61
     62</p>
     63
     64<table style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="4">
     65
     66 <col width="38*">
     67  <col width="12*"> <col width="18*"> <col width="42*"> <col width="146*"> <tbody>
     68
     69
     70    <tr>
     71
     72 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     73     
     74      <h3><b>Parameter name</b></h3>
     75
     76 </td>
     77
     78 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     79     
     80      <h3>Class</h3>
     81
     82
     83      </td>
     84
     85 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     86     
     87      <h3>Type</h3>
     88
     89 </td>
     90
     91 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     92     
     93      <h3>Default<br>
     94
     95
     96value</h3>
     97
     98 </td>
     99
     100 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     101     
     102      <h3>Explanation</h3>
     103
     104 </td>
     105
     106 </tr>
     107
     108
     109    <tr>
     110
     111 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     112     
     113      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#adjust_mixing_length"><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></a></p>
     114
     115
     116      </td>
     117
     118 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     119     
     120      <p>I</p>
     121
     122 </td>
     123
     124 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     125     
     126      <p>L</p>
     127
     128
     129      </td>
     130
     131 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     132     
     133      <p><i>.F.</i></p>
     134
     135 </td>
     136
     137 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     138     
     139      <p>Near-surface
    30140adjustment of the
    31 mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law.</p> </td> </tr>
    32 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    33 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#alpha_surface"><b>alpha_surface</b></a></p>
    34 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    35 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    36 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    37 <p><i>0.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Inclination
     141mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law.</p>
     142
     143 </td>
     144
     145 </tr>
     146
     147
     148    <tr>
     149
     150 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     151     
     152      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#alpha_surface"><b>alpha_surface</b></a></p>
     153
     154
     155      </td>
     156
     157 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     158     
     159      <p>I</p>
     160
     161 </td>
     162
     163 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     164     
     165      <p>R</p>
     166
     167
     168      </td>
     169
     170 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     171     
     172      <p><i>0.0</i></p>
     173
     174 </td>
     175
     176 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     177     
     178      <p>Inclination
    38179of the model domain
    39 with respect to the horizontal (in degrees).</p> </td> </tr>
    40 <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval"><span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span></a></td>
    41 <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> <td>Averaging
     180with respect to the horizontal (in degrees).</p>
     181
     182 </td>
     183
     184 </tr>
     185
     186
     187    <tr>
     188
     189 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval"><span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span></a></td>
     190
     191
     192      <td>R</td>
     193
     194 <td>R</td>
     195
     196 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
     197
     198 <td>Averaging
    42199interval for all&nbsp;output of temporally averaged data (in s).</td>
    43 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_pr"><b>averaging_interval_pr</b></a></p>
    44 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    45 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    46 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
    47 interval</a></span></td> <td style="width: 57%; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">
     200
     201
     202    </tr>
     203
     204 <tr>
     205
     206 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     207     
     208      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_pr"><b>averaging_interval_pr</b></a></p>
     209
     210
     211      </td>
     212
     213 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     214     
     215      <p>R</p>
     216
     217 </td>
     218
     219 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     220     
     221      <p>R</p>
     222
     223
     224      </td>
     225
     226 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
     227
     228
     229interval</a></span></td>
     230
     231 <td style="width: 57%; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">
    48232Averaging interval for vertical profiles&nbsp;output to local
    49233file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
    50 </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
    51 (in s).&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_sp"><b>averaging_interval_sp</b></a></p>
    52 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    53 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    54 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
    55 interval</a></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Averaging
     234      </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
     235(in s).&nbsp;</td>
     236
     237 </tr>
     238
     239 <tr>
     240
     241 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     242     
     243      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_sp"><b>averaging_interval_sp</b></a></p>
     244
     245
     246      </td>
     247
     248 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     249     
     250      <p>P</p>
     251
     252 </td>
     253
     254 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     255     
     256      <p>R</p>
     257
     258
     259      </td>
     260
     261 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
     262
     263
     264interval</a></span></td>
     265
     266 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Averaging
    56267interval for spectra output to local
    57268file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>
    58 </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
     269      </font></font>and/or&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
    59270/ &nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
    60 (in s).&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_e_b"><b>bc_e_b</b></a></p>
    61 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    62 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    63 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'neumann'</i></p>
    64 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    65 <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
    66 TKE. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr"><b>bc_lr</b></a></b></td>
    67 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    68 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C * 20<br> </td>
    69 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">&acute;cyclic&acute;</span><br>
    70 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Boundary
    71 condition along x (for all quantities).</td> </tr> <tr>
    72 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns"><b>bc_ns</b></a></b></b></td>
    73 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    74 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C * 20</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td>
    75 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Boundary
    76 condition along y (for all quantities).</td> </tr> <tr>
    77 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_p_b"><b>bc_p_b</b></a></p>
    78 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    79 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    80 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'neumann'</i></p>
    81 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    82 <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
    83 perturbation pressure. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    84 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    85 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_p_t"><b>bc_p_t</b></a></p>
    86 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    87 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    88 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
    89 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    90 <p>Top boundary condition of the
    91 perturbation pressure. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    92 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_b"><b>bc_par_b</b></a></b></td>
    93 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br> </td>
    94 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i></td>
    95 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"> <p>Bottom
    96 boundary condition for particle transport. </p> </td> </tr>
    97 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_lr"><b>bc_par_lr</b></a></b></td>
    98 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br> </td>
    99 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
    100 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lateral boundary
     271(in s).&nbsp;</td>
     272
     273 </tr>
     274
     275 <tr>
     276
     277 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     278     
     279      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_e_b"><b>bc_e_b</b></a></p>
     280
     281
     282      </td>
     283
     284 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     285     
     286      <p>I</p>
     287
     288 </td>
     289
     290 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     291     
     292      <p>C
     293* 20</p>
     294
     295 </td>
     296
     297 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     298     
     299      <p><i>'neumann'</i></p>
     300
     301
     302      </td>
     303
     304 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     305     
     306      <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
     307TKE. <br>
     308
     309 </p>
     310
     311 </td>
     312
     313 </tr>
     314
     315 <tr>
     316
     317 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr"><b>bc_lr</b></a></b></td>
     318
     319
     320      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br>
     321
     322 </td>
     323
     324
     325      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C * 20<br>
     326
     327 </td>
     328
     329
     330      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">&acute;cyclic&acute;</span><br>
     331
     332
     333      </td>
     334
     335 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Boundary
     336condition along x (for all quantities).</td>
     337
     338 </tr>
     339
     340 <tr>
     341
     342
     343      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns"><b>bc_ns</b></a></b></b></td>
     344
     345
     346      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br>
     347
     348 </td>
     349
     350
     351      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C * 20</td>
     352
     353 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td>
     354
     355
     356      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Boundary
     357condition along y (for all quantities).</td>
     358
     359 </tr>
     360
     361 <tr>
     362
     363
     364      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     365     
     366      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_p_b"><b>bc_p_b</b></a></p>
     367
     368
     369      </td>
     370
     371 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     372     
     373      <p>I</p>
     374
     375 </td>
     376
     377 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     378     
     379      <p>C
     380* 20</p>
     381
     382 </td>
     383
     384 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     385     
     386      <p><i>'neumann'</i></p>
     387
     388
     389      </td>
     390
     391 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     392     
     393      <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
     394perturbation pressure. <br>
     395
     396 </p>
     397
     398 </td>
     399
     400 </tr>
     401
     402
     403    <tr>
     404
     405 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     406     
     407      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_p_t"><b>bc_p_t</b></a></p>
     408
     409
     410      </td>
     411
     412 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     413     
     414      <p>I</p>
     415
     416 </td>
     417
     418 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     419     
     420      <p>C
     421* 20</p>
     422
     423 </td>
     424
     425 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     426     
     427      <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
     428
     429
     430      </td>
     431
     432 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     433     
     434      <p>Top boundary condition of the
     435perturbation pressure. <br>
     436
     437 </p>
     438
     439 </td>
     440
     441 </tr>
     442
     443
     444    <tr>
     445
     446 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_b"><b>bc_par_b</b></a></b></td>
     447
     448
     449      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br>
     450
     451 </td>
     452
     453
     454      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td>
     455
     456 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;reflect&acute;</i></td>
     457
     458
     459      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">
     460     
     461      <p>Bottom
     462boundary condition for particle transport. </p>
     463
     464 </td>
     465
     466 </tr>
     467
     468
     469    <tr>
     470
     471 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_lr"><b>bc_par_lr</b></a></b></td>
     472
     473
     474      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br>
     475
     476 </td>
     477
     478
     479      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td>
     480
     481 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
     482
     483
     484      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lateral boundary
    101485condition
    102486(x-direction) for particle
    103 transport.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_ns"><b>bc_par_ns</b></a></b></td>
    104 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br> </td>
    105 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
    106 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lateral boundary
     487transport.</td>
     488
     489 </tr>
     490
     491 <tr>
     492
     493 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_ns"><b>bc_par_ns</b></a></b></td>
     494
     495
     496      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br>
     497
     498 </td>
     499
     500
     501      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td>
     502
     503 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;cyclic&acute;</i></td>
     504
     505
     506      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lateral boundary
    107507condition
    108508(y-direction) for particle
    109 transport.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_t"><b>bc_par_t</b></a></b></td>
    110 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br> </td>
    111 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i></td>
    112 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Top boundary
     509transport.</td>
     510
     511 </tr>
     512
     513 <tr>
     514
     515 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_par_t"><b>bc_par_t</b></a></b></td>
     516
     517
     518      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br>
     519
     520 </td>
     521
     522
     523      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">C*15</td>
     524
     525 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>&acute;absorb&acute;</i></td>
     526
     527
     528      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Top boundary
    113529condition for
    114 particle transport.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_pt_b"><b>bc_pt_b</b></a></p>
    115 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    116 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    117 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
    118 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    119 <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
    120 potential temperature. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    121 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    122 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#pc_pt_t"><b>bc_pt_t</b></a></p>
    123 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    124 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    125 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'initial_gradient'</i></p>
    126 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    127 <p>Top boundary condition of the
    128 potential temperature. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    129 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    130 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_q_b"><b>bc_q_b</b></a></p>
    131 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    132 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    133 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
    134 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    135 <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
    136 specific humidity / total water content. <br> </p> </td>
    137 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_q_t"><b>bc_q_t</b></a></p>
    138 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    139 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    140 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'neumann'</i></p>
    141 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    142 <p>Top boundary condition of the
    143 specific humidity / total water content. <br> </p> </td>
    144 </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_s_b"><b>bc_s_b</b></a></p>
    145 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    146 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    147 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
    148 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    149 <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
    150 scalar concentration. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    151 <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_s_t"><b>bc_s_t</b></a></p>
    152 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    153 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    154 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>&acute;neumann&acute;</i></p>
    155 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    156 <p>Top boundary condition of the
    157 scalar concentration. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    158 <tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_sa_t"><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></a></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">C * 20</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Top boundary condition of the salinity.&nbsp;</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    159 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_b"><b>bc_uv_b</b></a></p>
    160 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    161 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    162 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
    163 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    164 <p>Bottom boundary condition of the horizontal wind
     530particle transport.</td>
     531
     532 </tr>
     533
     534 <tr>
     535
     536 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     537     
     538      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_pt_b"><b>bc_pt_b</b></a></p>
     539
     540
     541      </td>
     542
     543 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     544     
     545      <p>I</p>
     546
     547 </td>
     548
     549 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     550     
     551      <p>C
     552* 20</p>
     553
     554 </td>
     555
     556 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     557     
     558      <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
     559
     560
     561      </td>
     562
     563 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     564     
     565      <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
     566potential temperature. <br>
     567
     568 </p>
     569
     570 </td>
     571
     572 </tr>
     573
     574
     575    <tr>
     576
     577 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     578     
     579      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#pc_pt_t"><b>bc_pt_t</b></a></p>
     580
     581
     582      </td>
     583
     584 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     585     
     586      <p>I</p>
     587
     588 </td>
     589
     590 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     591     
     592      <p>C
     593* 20</p>
     594
     595 </td>
     596
     597 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     598     
     599      <p><i>'initial_gradient'</i></p>
     600
     601
     602      </td>
     603
     604 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     605     
     606      <p>Top boundary condition of the
     607potential temperature. <br>
     608
     609 </p>
     610
     611 </td>
     612
     613 </tr>
     614
     615
     616    <tr>
     617
     618 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     619     
     620      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_q_b"><b>bc_q_b</b></a></p>
     621
     622
     623      </td>
     624
     625 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     626     
     627      <p>I</p>
     628
     629 </td>
     630
     631 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     632     
     633      <p>C
     634* 20</p>
     635
     636 </td>
     637
     638 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     639     
     640      <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
     641
     642
     643      </td>
     644
     645 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     646     
     647      <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
     648specific humidity / total water content. <br>
     649
     650 </p>
     651
     652 </td>
     653
     654
     655    </tr>
     656
     657 <tr>
     658
     659 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     660     
     661      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_q_t"><b>bc_q_t</b></a></p>
     662
     663
     664      </td>
     665
     666 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     667     
     668      <p>I</p>
     669
     670 </td>
     671
     672 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     673     
     674      <p>C
     675* 20</p>
     676
     677 </td>
     678
     679 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     680     
     681      <p><i>'neumann'</i></p>
     682
     683
     684      </td>
     685
     686 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     687     
     688      <p>Top boundary condition of the
     689specific humidity / total water content. <br>
     690
     691 </p>
     692
     693 </td>
     694
     695
     696    </tr>
     697
     698 <tr valign="top">
     699
     700 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     701     
     702      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_s_b"><b>bc_s_b</b></a></p>
     703
     704
     705      </td>
     706
     707 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     708     
     709      <p>I</p>
     710
     711 </td>
     712
     713 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     714     
     715      <p>C
     716* 20</p>
     717
     718 </td>
     719
     720 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     721     
     722      <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
     723
     724
     725      </td>
     726
     727 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     728     
     729      <p>Bottom boundary condition of the
     730scalar concentration. <br>
     731
     732 </p>
     733
     734 </td>
     735
     736 </tr>
     737
     738
     739    <tr valign="top">
     740
     741 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     742     
     743      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_s_t"><b>bc_s_t</b></a></p>
     744
     745
     746      </td>
     747
     748 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     749     
     750      <p>I</p>
     751
     752 </td>
     753
     754 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     755     
     756      <p>C
     757* 20</p>
     758
     759 </td>
     760
     761 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     762     
     763      <p><i>&acute;neumann&acute;</i></p>
     764
     765
     766      </td>
     767
     768 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     769     
     770      <p>Top boundary condition of the
     771scalar concentration. <br>
     772
     773 </p>
     774
     775 </td>
     776
     777 </tr>
     778
     779
     780    <tr>
     781
     782      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_sa_t"><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></a></td>
     783
     784      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td>
     785
     786      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">C * 20</td>
     787
     788      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td>
     789
     790      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Top boundary condition of the salinity.&nbsp;</td>
     791
     792    </tr>
     793
     794    <tr>
     795
     796 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     797     
     798      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_b"><b>bc_uv_b</b></a></p>
     799
     800
     801      </td>
     802
     803 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     804     
     805      <p>I</p>
     806
     807 </td>
     808
     809 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     810     
     811      <p>C
     812* 20</p>
     813
     814 </td>
     815
     816 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     817     
     818      <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
     819
     820
     821      </td>
     822
     823 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     824     
     825      <p>Bottom boundary condition of the horizontal wind
    165826components u
    166 and v.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t"><b>bc_uv_t</b></a></p>
    167 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    168 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    169 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
    170 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    171 <p>Top boundary condition of the
    172 horizontal velocity components u and v.</p> </td> </tr>
    173 <tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bottom_salinityflux"><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></a></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s).</td></tr><tr> <td style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_height">building_height</a></td>
    174 <td>I</td> <td>R</td> <td style="font-style: italic;">50.0</td> <td>Height
    175 of a single building in m.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_x">building_length_x</a></td>
    176 <td>I</td> <td>R</td> <td style="font-style: italic;">50.0</td> <td>Width
    177 of a single building in m.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_y">building_length_y</a></td>
    178 <td>I</td> <td>R</td> <td style="font-style: italic;">50.0</td> <td>Depth
    179 of a single building in m.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></td>
    180 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R</td> <td style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td>
    181 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">x-coordinate of the
    182 left building wall in m.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a></td>
    183 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I</td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R</td> <td style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td>
    184 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">y-coordinate of the
    185 South building wall&nbsp;in m.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps"><b>call_psolver_at_all_substeps</b></a></b></td>
    186 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br> </td>
    187 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">L<br> </td>
    188 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T..</span><br> </td>
    189 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Switch
    190 to steer the call of the pressure solver.</td> </tr> <tr>
    191 <td><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor"><b>cfl_factor</b></a></b></td>
    192 <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td><i>0.1,
    193 0.8&nbsp;or 0.9 </i>(see parameter description)</td> <td>Time
    194 step limiting factor.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets"><span style="font-weight: bold;">cloud_droplets</span></a><br>
    195 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br> </td>
    196 <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> </td>
    197 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch
    198 on usage of cloud droplets.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics"><b>cloud_physics</b></a></p>
    199 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    200 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>L</p>
    201 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    202 <p><i>.F.</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Parameter
    203 to switch on the condensation scheme. <br> </p> </td>
    204 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><b>comp_spectra_level</b></a></p>
    205 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    206 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I
    207 (10)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>no level</i></p>
    208 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    209 <p>Vertical level for which horizontal spectra are to be
    210 calculated and output (gridpoints).</p> </td> </tr>
    211 <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#conserve_volume_flow"><span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span></a></td>
    212 <td>I</td> <td>L</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td>Conservation
    213 of volume flow in x- and y-direction.</td> </tr> <tr>
    214 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances"><b>create_disturbances</b></a></p>
    215 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    216 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>L</p>
    217 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    218 <p><i>.T.</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Switch
     827and v.</p>
     828
     829 </td>
     830
     831 </tr>
     832
     833 <tr>
     834
     835 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     836     
     837      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t"><b>bc_uv_t</b></a></p>
     838
     839
     840      </td>
     841
     842 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     843     
     844      <p>I</p>
     845
     846 </td>
     847
     848 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     849     
     850      <p>C
     851* 20</p>
     852
     853 </td>
     854
     855 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     856     
     857      <p><i>'dirichlet'</i></p>
     858
     859
     860      </td>
     861
     862 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     863     
     864      <p>Top boundary condition of the
     865horizontal velocity components u and v.</p>
     866
     867 </td>
     868
     869 </tr>
     870
     871
     872    <tr>
     873
     874      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#bottom_salinityflux"><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></a></td>
     875
     876      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td>
     877
     878      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
     879
     880      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
     881
     882      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s).</td>
     883
     884    </tr>
     885
     886    <tr>
     887
     888 <td style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_height">building_height</a></td>
     889
     890
     891      <td>I</td>
     892
     893 <td>R</td>
     894
     895 <td style="font-style: italic;">50.0</td>
     896
     897 <td>Height
     898of a single building in m.</td>
     899
     900 </tr>
     901
     902 <tr>
     903
     904 <td style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_x">building_length_x</a></td>
     905
     906
     907      <td>I</td>
     908
     909 <td>R</td>
     910
     911 <td style="font-style: italic;">50.0</td>
     912
     913 <td>Width
     914of a single building in m.</td>
     915
     916 </tr>
     917
     918 <tr>
     919
     920 <td style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_y">building_length_y</a></td>
     921
     922
     923      <td>I</td>
     924
     925 <td>R</td>
     926
     927 <td style="font-style: italic;">50.0</td>
     928
     929 <td>Depth
     930of a single building in m.</td>
     931
     932 </tr>
     933
     934 <tr>
     935
     936 <td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></td>
     937
     938
     939      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I</td>
     940
     941 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R</td>
     942
     943 <td style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td>
     944
     945
     946      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">x-coordinate of the
     947left building wall in m.</td>
     948
     949 </tr>
     950
     951 <tr>
     952
     953 <td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a></td>
     954
     955
     956      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I</td>
     957
     958 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R</td>
     959
     960 <td style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td>
     961
     962
     963      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">y-coordinate of the
     964South building wall&nbsp;in m.</td>
     965
     966 </tr>
     967
     968 <tr>
     969
     970 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps"><b>call_psolver_at_all_substeps</b></a></b></td>
     971
     972
     973      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br>
     974
     975 </td>
     976
     977
     978      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">L<br>
     979
     980 </td>
     981
     982
     983      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T..</span><br>
     984
     985 </td>
     986
     987
     988      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Switch
     989to steer the call of the pressure solver.</td>
     990
     991 </tr>
     992
     993 <tr>
     994
     995
     996      <td><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor"><b>cfl_factor</b></a></b></td>
     997
     998
     999      <td>R</td>
     1000
     1001 <td>R</td>
     1002
     1003 <td><i>0.1,
     10040.8&nbsp;or 0.9 </i>(see parameter description)</td>
     1005
     1006 <td>Time
     1007step limiting factor.</td>
     1008
     1009 </tr>
     1010
     1011 <tr>
     1012
     1013 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets"><span style="font-weight: bold;">cloud_droplets</span></a><br>
     1014
     1015
     1016      </td>
     1017
     1018 <td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
     1019
     1020 </td>
     1021
     1022
     1023      <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
     1024
     1025 </td>
     1026
     1027 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br>
     1028
     1029 </td>
     1030
     1031
     1032      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch
     1033on usage of cloud droplets.</td>
     1034
     1035 </tr>
     1036
     1037 <tr>
     1038
     1039 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1040     
     1041      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics"><b>cloud_physics</b></a></p>
     1042
     1043
     1044      </td>
     1045
     1046 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1047     
     1048      <p>I</p>
     1049
     1050 </td>
     1051
     1052 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1053     
     1054      <p>L</p>
     1055
     1056
     1057      </td>
     1058
     1059 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1060     
     1061      <p><i>.F.</i></p>
     1062
     1063 </td>
     1064
     1065 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1066     
     1067      <p>Parameter
     1068to switch on the condensation scheme. <br>
     1069
     1070 </p>
     1071
     1072 </td>
     1073
     1074
     1075    </tr>
     1076
     1077 <tr>
     1078
     1079 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1080     
     1081      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><b>comp_spectra_level</b></a></p>
     1082
     1083
     1084      </td>
     1085
     1086 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1087     
     1088      <p>P</p>
     1089
     1090 </td>
     1091
     1092 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1093     
     1094      <p>I
     1095(10)</p>
     1096
     1097 </td>
     1098
     1099 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1100     
     1101      <p><i>no level</i></p>
     1102
     1103
     1104      </td>
     1105
     1106 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1107     
     1108      <p>Vertical level for which horizontal spectra are to be
     1109calculated and output (gridpoints).</p>
     1110
     1111 </td>
     1112
     1113 </tr>
     1114
     1115
     1116    <tr>
     1117
     1118 <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#conserve_volume_flow"><span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span></a></td>
     1119
     1120
     1121      <td>I</td>
     1122
     1123 <td>L</td>
     1124
     1125 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     1126
     1127 <td>Conservation
     1128of volume flow in x- and y-direction.</td>
     1129
     1130 </tr>
     1131
     1132 <tr>
     1133
     1134
     1135      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1136     
     1137      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances"><b>create_disturbances</b></a></p>
     1138
     1139
     1140      </td>
     1141
     1142 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1143     
     1144      <p>R</p>
     1145
     1146 </td>
     1147
     1148 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1149     
     1150      <p>L</p>
     1151
     1152
     1153      </td>
     1154
     1155 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1156     
     1157      <p><i>.T.</i></p>
     1158
     1159 </td>
     1160
     1161 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1162     
     1163      <p>Switch
    2191164to impose random perturbations to the horizontal
    220 velocity field. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    221 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_normalized_x"><b>cross_normalized_x</b></a></p>
    222 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    223 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    224 * 10 (100)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>100
    225 * ' '</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Type
     1165velocity field. <br>
     1166
     1167 </p>
     1168
     1169 </td>
     1170
     1171 </tr>
     1172
     1173 <tr>
     1174
     1175
     1176      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1177     
     1178      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_normalized_x"><b>cross_normalized_x</b></a></p>
     1179
     1180
     1181      </td>
     1182
     1183 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1184     
     1185      <p>R</p>
     1186
     1187 </td>
     1188
     1189 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1190     
     1191      <p>C
     1192* 10 (100)</p>
     1193
     1194 </td>
     1195
     1196 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1197     
     1198      <p><i>100
     1199* ' '</i></p>
     1200
     1201 </td>
     1202
     1203 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1204     
     1205      <p>Type
    2261206of normalization applied to the x-coordinate of
    2271207vertical
    2281208profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.</p>
    229 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_normalized_y"><b>cross_normalized_y</b></a></p>
    230 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    231 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
     1209
     1210
     1211      </td>
     1212
     1213 </tr>
     1214
     1215 <tr>
     1216
     1217 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1218     
     1219      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_normalized_y"><b>cross_normalized_y</b></a></p>
     1220
     1221
     1222      </td>
     1223
     1224 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1225     
     1226      <p>R</p>
     1227
     1228 </td>
     1229
     1230 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1231     
     1232      <p>C
    2321233* 10&nbsp; <br>
    233 (100)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>100 * ' '</i></p>
    234 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    235 <p>Type of normalization applied to the y-coordinate of
     1234
     1235
     1236(100)</p>
     1237
     1238 </td>
     1239
     1240 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1241     
     1242      <p><i>100 * ' '</i></p>
     1243
     1244
     1245      </td>
     1246
     1247 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1248     
     1249      <p>Type of normalization applied to the y-coordinate of
    2361250vertical
    2371251profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
    238 <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles"><b>cross_profiles</b></a></p>
    239 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    240 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    241 * 100 (100)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p>see
    242 parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Determines
     1252      <br>
     1253
     1254 </p>
     1255
     1256 </td>
     1257
     1258 </tr>
     1259
     1260 <tr>
     1261
     1262 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1263     
     1264      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles"><b>cross_profiles</b></a></p>
     1265
     1266
     1267      </td>
     1268
     1269 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1270     
     1271      <p>R</p>
     1272
     1273 </td>
     1274
     1275 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1276     
     1277      <p>C
     1278* 100 (100)</p>
     1279
     1280 </td>
     1281
     1282 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1283     
     1284      <p>see
     1285parameter description</p>
     1286
     1287 </td>
     1288
     1289 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1290     
     1291      <p>Determines
    2431292which vertical profiles are to be presented
    2441293in
    2451294which coordinate system if the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> is
    246 used.&nbsp; <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    247 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_xtext"><b>cross_xtext</b></a></p>
    248 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    249 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
     1295used.&nbsp; <br>
     1296
     1297 </p>
     1298
     1299 </td>
     1300
     1301 </tr>
     1302
     1303 <tr>
     1304
     1305
     1306      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1307     
     1308      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_xtext"><b>cross_xtext</b></a></p>
     1309
     1310
     1311      </td>
     1312
     1313 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1314     
     1315      <p>R</p>
     1316
     1317 </td>
     1318
     1319 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1320     
     1321      <p>C
    2501322* 40&nbsp; <br>
    251 &nbsp;(100)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p>see
    252 parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>x-axis
     1323
     1324
     1325&nbsp;(100)</p>
     1326
     1327 </td>
     1328
     1329 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1330     
     1331      <p>see
     1332parameter description</p>
     1333
     1334 </td>
     1335
     1336 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1337     
     1338      <p>x-axis
    2531339labels of vertical profile coordinate systems to
    2541340be
    2551341plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
    256 <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#cut_spline_overshoot"><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></a></p>
    257 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    258 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>L</p>
    259 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    260 <p><i>.T.</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Cut
     1342      <br>
     1343
     1344 </p>
     1345
     1346 </td>
     1347
     1348 </tr>
     1349
     1350 <tr>
     1351
     1352 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1353     
     1354      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#cut_spline_overshoot"><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></a></p>
     1355
     1356
     1357      </td>
     1358
     1359 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1360     
     1361      <p>I</p>
     1362
     1363 </td>
     1364
     1365 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1366     
     1367      <p>L</p>
     1368
     1369
     1370      </td>
     1371
     1372 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1373     
     1374      <p><i>.T.</i></p>
     1375
     1376 </td>
     1377
     1378 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1379     
     1380      <p>Cut
    2611381off of so-called overshoots, which can occur with
    262 the upstream-spline-scheme.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    263 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cycle_mg"><b>cycle_mg</b></a></p>
    264 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    265 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    266 * 1</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'w'</i></p> </td>
    267 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Type
     1382the upstream-spline-scheme.</p>
     1383
     1384 </td>
     1385
     1386 </tr>
     1387
     1388 <tr>
     1389
     1390
     1391      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1392     
     1393      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#cycle_mg"><b>cycle_mg</b></a></p>
     1394
     1395
     1396      </td>
     1397
     1398 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1399     
     1400      <p>R</p>
     1401
     1402 </td>
     1403
     1404 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1405     
     1406      <p>C
     1407* 1</p>
     1408
     1409 </td>
     1410
     1411 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1412     
     1413      <p><i>'w'</i></p>
     1414
     1415 </td>
     1416
     1417
     1418      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Type
    2681419of cycle to
    2691420be used with the multi-grid
    270 method.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#damp_level_1d"><b>damp_level_1d</b></a></p>
    271 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    272 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    273 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    274 <p><i>zu(nz+1)</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Height
     1421method.&nbsp;</td>
     1422
     1423 </tr>
     1424
     1425 <tr>
     1426
     1427 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1428     
     1429      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#damp_level_1d"><b>damp_level_1d</b></a></p>
     1430
     1431
     1432      </td>
     1433
     1434 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1435     
     1436      <p>I</p>
     1437
     1438 </td>
     1439
     1440 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1441     
     1442      <p>R</p>
     1443
     1444
     1445      </td>
     1446
     1447 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1448     
     1449      <p><i>zu(nz+1)</i></p>
     1450
     1451 </td>
     1452
     1453 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1454     
     1455      <p>Height
    2751456where the damping layer begins in the 1d-model
    276 (in m). <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span></a></td>
    277 <td>R</td> <td>C * 10 (100)</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * &acute; &acute;</span></td>
    278 <td>Quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data
    279 are to be output.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span></a></td>
    280 <td>R</td> <td>C * 10 (10)</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span></td>
    281 <td>Format of output data.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_pr</span></a></td>
    282 <td>R</td> <td>C * 10 (100)</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span></td>
    283 <td>Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally
     1457(in m). <br>
     1458
     1459 </p>
     1460
     1461 </td>
     1462
     1463 </tr>
     1464
     1465 <tr>
     1466
     1467 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span></a></td>
     1468
     1469
     1470      <td>R</td>
     1471
     1472 <td>C * 10 (100)</td>
     1473
     1474 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * &acute; &acute;</span></td>
     1475
     1476
     1477      <td>Quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data
     1478are to be output.</td>
     1479
     1480 </tr>
     1481
     1482 <tr>
     1483
     1484 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span></a></td>
     1485
     1486
     1487      <td>R</td>
     1488
     1489 <td>C * 10 (10)</td>
     1490
     1491 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span></td>
     1492
     1493
     1494      <td>Format of output data.</td>
     1495
     1496 </tr>
     1497
     1498 <tr>
     1499
     1500 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_pr</span></a></td>
     1501
     1502
     1503      <td>R</td>
     1504
     1505 <td>C * 10 (100)</td>
     1506
     1507 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span></td>
     1508
     1509
     1510      <td>Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally
    2841511averaged)
    285 are to be output.</td> </tr> <tr><td><a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_pr_user"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_pr_user</span></a></td><td>U</td><td>C * 10<br>(200)</td><td><span style="font-style: italic;">200 * ' '</span></td><td>User defined quantities for which horizontally averaged profile data is to be output.</td></tr><tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_sp</span></a></td>
    286 <td>P</td> <td>C * 10 (10)</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * ' '</span></td>
    287 <td>Quantities for which horizontal spectra are to be calculated
    288 and output.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_user</span></a></td>
    289 <td>U</td> <td>C * 10 (100)</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span></td>
    290 <td>User defined quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d
    291 volume data are to be output.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</span></a></td>
    292 <td>R</td> <td>L</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td> <td>Output
     1512are to be output.</td>
     1513
     1514 </tr>
     1515
     1516 <tr>
     1517
     1518      <td><a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_pr_user"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_pr_user</span></a></td>
     1519
     1520      <td>U</td>
     1521
     1522      <td>C * 10<br>
     1523
     1524(200)</td>
     1525
     1526      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">200 * ' '</span></td>
     1527
     1528      <td>User defined quantities for which horizontally averaged profile data is to be output.</td>
     1529
     1530    </tr>
     1531
     1532    <tr>
     1533
     1534 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_sp</span></a></td>
     1535
     1536
     1537      <td>P</td>
     1538
     1539 <td>C * 10 (10)</td>
     1540
     1541 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * ' '</span></td>
     1542
     1543
     1544      <td>Quantities for which horizontal spectra are to be calculated
     1545and output.</td>
     1546
     1547 </tr>
     1548
     1549 <tr>
     1550
     1551 <td><a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_user</span></a></td>
     1552
     1553
     1554      <td>U</td>
     1555
     1556 <td>C * 10 (100)</td>
     1557
     1558 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span></td>
     1559
     1560
     1561      <td>User defined quantities for which 2d cross section and/or 3d
     1562volume data are to be output.</td>
     1563
     1564 </tr>
     1565
     1566 <tr>
     1567
     1568 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</span></a></td>
     1569
     1570
     1571      <td>R</td>
     1572
     1573 <td>L</td>
     1574
     1575 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td>
     1576
     1577 <td>Output
    29315782d cross section data by one or
    294 all processors.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr valign="top">
    295 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#density_ratio"><b>density_ratio</b></a></p>
    296 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    297 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R
    298 (10)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>0.0, 9</i> * <i>9999999.9</i></p>
    299 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    300 <p>Ratio of the density of the fluid and the density of the
    301 particles.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dissipation_1d"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span></a></td>
    302 <td>I</td> <td>C * 20</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_model'</span></td>
    303 <td>Calculation method for the energy dissipation term in the TKE
    304 equation of the 1d-model.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_amplitude"><b>disturbance</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    305 <br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_amplitude">&nbsp;<b>_amplitude</b></a></p>
    306 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    307 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    308 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    309 <p><i>0.25</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Maximum
     1579all processors.&nbsp;</td>
     1580
     1581 </tr>
     1582
     1583 <tr valign="top">
     1584
     1585
     1586      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1587     
     1588      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#density_ratio"><b>density_ratio</b></a></p>
     1589
     1590
     1591      </td>
     1592
     1593 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1594     
     1595      <p>P</p>
     1596
     1597 </td>
     1598
     1599 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1600     
     1601      <p>R
     1602(10)</p>
     1603
     1604 </td>
     1605
     1606 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1607     
     1608      <p><i>0.0, 9</i> * <i>9999999.9</i></p>
     1609
     1610
     1611      </td>
     1612
     1613 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1614     
     1615      <p>Ratio of the density of the fluid and the density of the
     1616particles.</p>
     1617
     1618 </td>
     1619
     1620 </tr>
     1621
     1622 <tr>
     1623
     1624 <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dissipation_1d"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span></a></td>
     1625
     1626
     1627      <td>I</td>
     1628
     1629 <td>C * 20</td>
     1630
     1631 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_model'</span></td>
     1632
     1633
     1634      <td>Calculation method for the energy dissipation term in the TKE
     1635equation of the 1d-model.</td>
     1636
     1637 </tr>
     1638
     1639 <tr>
     1640
     1641 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1642     
     1643      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_amplitude"><b>disturbance</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     1644      <br>
     1645
     1646 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_amplitude">&nbsp;<b>_amplitude</b></a></p>
     1647
     1648
     1649      </td>
     1650
     1651 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1652     
     1653      <p>R</p>
     1654
     1655 </td>
     1656
     1657 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1658     
     1659      <p>R</p>
     1660
     1661
     1662      </td>
     1663
     1664 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1665     
     1666      <p><i>0.25</i></p>
     1667
     1668 </td>
     1669
     1670 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1671     
     1672      <p>Maximum
    3101673perturbation amplitude of the random
    3111674perturbations
    312 imposed to the horizontal velocity field (in m/s). <br> </p>
    313 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_energy_limit"><b>disturbance_energy</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    314 <br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_energy_limit">&nbsp;<b>_limit</b></a></p>
    315 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    316 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    317 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    318 <p><i>0.01</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB">Upper limit value of the
     1675imposed to the horizontal velocity field (in m/s). <br>
     1676
     1677 </p>
     1678
     1679
     1680      </td>
     1681
     1682 </tr>
     1683
     1684 <tr>
     1685
     1686 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1687     
     1688      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_energy_limit"><b>disturbance_energy</b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
     1689      <br>
     1690
     1691 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_energy_limit">&nbsp;<b>_limit</b></a></p>
     1692
     1693
     1694      </td>
     1695
     1696 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1697     
     1698      <p>R</p>
     1699
     1700 </td>
     1701
     1702 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1703     
     1704      <p>R</p>
     1705
     1706
     1707      </td>
     1708
     1709 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1710     
     1711      <p><i>0.01</i></p>
     1712
     1713 </td>
     1714
     1715 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1716     
     1717      <p lang="en-GB">Upper limit value of the
    3191718perturbation energy of
    3201719the velocity field used as a criterion for imposing random
    3211720perturbations (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).&nbsp;</p>
    322 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_level_b"><b>disturbance_level_b</b></a></p>
    323 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    324 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    325 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    326 <p><i>zu(3) or zu(nz*2/3)</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Lower
     1721
     1722
     1723      </td>
     1724
     1725 </tr>
     1726
     1727 <tr>
     1728
     1729 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1730     
     1731      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_level_b"><b>disturbance_level_b</b></a></p>
     1732
     1733
     1734      </td>
     1735
     1736 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1737     
     1738      <p>R</p>
     1739
     1740 </td>
     1741
     1742 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1743     
     1744      <p>R</p>
     1745
     1746
     1747      </td>
     1748
     1749 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1750     
     1751      <p><i>zu(3) or zu(nz*2/3)</i></p>
     1752
     1753 </td>
     1754
     1755 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1756     
     1757      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Lower
    3271758limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
    3281759imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">m).&nbsp;
    329 </font></font> </p> <span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
    330 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_level_t"><b>disturbance_level_t</b></a></p>
    331 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    332 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    333 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    334 <p><i>zu(nz/3) or zu(nzt-3)</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Upper
     1760      </font></font> </p>
     1761
     1762 <span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
     1763
     1764
     1765    </tr>
     1766
     1767 <tr>
     1768
     1769 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1770     
     1771      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#disturbance_level_t"><b>disturbance_level_t</b></a></p>
     1772
     1773
     1774      </td>
     1775
     1776 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1777     
     1778      <p>R</p>
     1779
     1780 </td>
     1781
     1782 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1783     
     1784      <p>R</p>
     1785
     1786
     1787      </td>
     1788
     1789 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1790     
     1791      <p><i>zu(nz/3) or zu(nzt-3)</i></p>
     1792
     1793 </td>
     1794
     1795 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1796     
     1797      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Upper
    3351798limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
    3361799imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">m). <br>
    337 </font></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    338 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do2d_at_begin"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do2d_at_begin</span></a></td>
    339 <td>R</td> <td>L</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td>Output
     1800
     1801
     1802      </font></font></p>
     1803
     1804 </td>
     1805
     1806 </tr>
     1807
     1808 <tr>
     1809
     1810
     1811      <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do2d_at_begin"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do2d_at_begin</span></a></td>
     1812
     1813
     1814      <td>R</td>
     1815
     1816 <td>L</td>
     1817
     1818 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     1819
     1820 <td>Output
    34018212d cross section data by one or
    341 all processors.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_at_begin"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_at_begin</span></a></td>
    342 <td>R</td> <td>L</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td>Output
     1822all processors.&nbsp;</td>
     1823
     1824 </tr>
     1825
     1826 <tr>
     1827
     1828 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_at_begin"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_at_begin</span></a></td>
     1829
     1830
     1831      <td>R</td>
     1832
     1833 <td>L</td>
     1834
     1835 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     1836
     1837 <td>Output
    3431838of 3d volume data at the beginning
    344 of a run.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_compress</span></a></td>
    345 <td>R</td> <td>L</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td>Output
    346 of data for 3d plots in compressed form.&nbsp;</td> </tr>
    347 <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_precision"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_precision</span></a></td>
    348 <td>R</td> <td>C * 7 (100)</td> <td>see
    349 parameter description</td> <td>Significant digits in case
    350 of compressed data output.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr>
    351 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><b>dt</b></a></p>
    352 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    353 <p>I/R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    354 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    355 <p><i>variable</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Time
     1839of a run.</td>
     1840
     1841 </tr>
     1842
     1843 <tr>
     1844
     1845 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_compress</span></a></td>
     1846
     1847
     1848      <td>R</td>
     1849
     1850 <td>L</td>
     1851
     1852 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     1853
     1854 <td>Output
     1855of data for 3d plots in compressed form.&nbsp;</td>
     1856
     1857 </tr>
     1858
     1859
     1860    <tr>
     1861
     1862 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_precision"><span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_precision</span></a></td>
     1863
     1864
     1865      <td>R</td>
     1866
     1867 <td>C * 7 (100)</td>
     1868
     1869 <td>see
     1870parameter description</td>
     1871
     1872 <td>Significant digits in case
     1873of compressed data output.&nbsp;</td>
     1874
     1875 </tr>
     1876
     1877 <tr>
     1878
     1879
     1880      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1881     
     1882      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><b>dt</b></a></p>
     1883
     1884
     1885      </td>
     1886
     1887 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1888     
     1889      <p>I/R</p>
     1890
     1891 </td>
     1892
     1893 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1894     
     1895      <p>R</p>
     1896
     1897
     1898      </td>
     1899
     1900 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     1901     
     1902      <p><i>variable</i></p>
     1903
     1904 </td>
     1905
     1906 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     1907     
     1908      <p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Time
    3561909step for the 3d-model (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s). <br>
    357 </font></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    358 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span></a></td>
    359 <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> <td>Temporal
     1910
     1911
     1912      </font></font></p>
     1913
     1914 </td>
     1915
     1916 </tr>
     1917
     1918 <tr>
     1919
     1920
     1921      <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span></a></td>
     1922
     1923
     1924      <td>R</td>
     1925
     1926 <td>R</td>
     1927
     1928 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
     1929
     1930 <td>Temporal
    3601931interval of&nbsp;data which are subject to temporal averaging (in
    361 s).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input_pr"><b>dt_averaging_input_pr</b></a></p>
    362 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    363 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    364 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input">dt_<br>
     1932s).</td>
     1933
     1934 </tr>
     1935
     1936 <tr>
     1937
     1938 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     1939     
     1940      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input_pr"><b>dt_averaging_input_pr</b></a></p>
     1941
     1942
     1943      </td>
     1944
     1945 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     1946     
     1947      <p>R</p>
     1948
     1949 </td>
     1950
     1951 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     1952     
     1953      <p>R</p>
     1954
     1955
     1956      </td>
     1957
     1958 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input">dt_<br>
     1959
     1960
    3651961averaging_<br>
    366 input</a></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Temporal
     1962
     1963
     1964input</a></span></td>
     1965
     1966 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Temporal
    3671967interval of&nbsp;data which are subject to temporal averaging of <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">vertical
    3681968profiles and/or spectra&nbsp;(</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s).&nbsp;</font></font></td>
    369 </tr> <tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_coupling">dt_coupling</a></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">9999999.9</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of runs with coupled models (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s).</td></tr><tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output</span></a></td>
    370 <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
    371 <td> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
     1969
     1970
     1971    </tr>
     1972
     1973 <tr>
     1974
     1975      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_coupling">dt_coupling</a></td>
     1976
     1977      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
     1978
     1979      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
     1980
     1981      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">9999999.9</td>
     1982
     1983      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of runs with coupled models (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s).</td>
     1984
     1985    </tr>
     1986
     1987    <tr>
     1988
     1989 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output</span></a></td>
     1990
     1991
     1992      <td>R</td>
     1993
     1994 <td>R</td>
     1995
     1996 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     1997
     1998
     1999      <td>
     2000     
     2001      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
    3722002at which&nbsp;data (3d volume data (instantaneous or time
    3732003averaged),
    3742004cross sections (instantaneous or time averaged), vertical profiles,
    3752005spectra) shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></p>
    376 </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output_av"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span></a></td>
    377 <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td><i>value
     2006
     2007
     2008      </td>
     2009
     2010 </tr>
     2011
     2012 <tr>
     2013
     2014 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output_av"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span></a></td>
     2015
     2016
     2017      <td>R</td>
     2018
     2019 <td>R</td>
     2020
     2021 <td><i>value
    3782022of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    379 output</a></i></td> <td> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     2023
     2024
     2025output</a></i></td>
     2026
     2027 <td>
     2028     
     2029      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    3802030interval</font>
    3812031at which time averaged 3d volume data and/or 2d cross section data
    3822032shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></p>
    383 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb"><b>dt_disturb</b></a></p>
    384 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    385 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    386 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    387 <p><i>9999999.9</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
     2033
     2034
     2035      </td>
     2036
     2037 </tr>
     2038
     2039 <tr>
     2040
     2041 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2042     
     2043      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb"><b>dt_disturb</b></a></p>
     2044
     2045
     2046      </td>
     2047
     2048 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2049     
     2050      <p>R</p>
     2051
     2052 </td>
     2053
     2054 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2055     
     2056      <p>R</p>
     2057
     2058
     2059      </td>
     2060
     2061 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2062     
     2063      <p><i>9999999.9</i></p>
     2064
     2065 </td>
     2066
     2067 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2068     
     2069      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
    3882070which random
    3892071perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field
    390 (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br> </font></p>
    391 </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr</span></a></td>
    392 <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td><i>value
     2072(</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br>
     2073
     2074 </font></p>
     2075
     2076
     2077      </td>
     2078
     2079 </tr>
     2080
     2081 <tr>
     2082
     2083 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr</span></a></td>
     2084
     2085
     2086      <td>R</td>
     2087
     2088 <td>R</td>
     2089
     2090 <td><i>value
    3932091of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    394 output</a></i></td> <td><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Temporal interval at
     2092
     2093
     2094output</a></i></td>
     2095
     2096 <td><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Temporal interval at
    3952097which data&nbsp;of vertical profiles shall be output (to local
    3962098file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
    3972099or/and </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">PLOT1D_DATA</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
    398 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></span></td>
    399 </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_listing"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr_listing</span></a></td>
    400 <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
    401 <td> <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     2100      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></span></td>
     2101
     2102
     2103    </tr>
     2104
     2105 <tr>
     2106
     2107 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_listing"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr_listing</span></a></td>
     2108
     2109
     2110      <td>R</td>
     2111
     2112 <td>R</td>
     2113
     2114 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     2115
     2116
     2117      <td>
     2118     
     2119      <p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    4022120interval</font> at which data <font face="Thorndale">of
    4032121vertical
    4042122profiles shall be output (output for printouts, local file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">LIST_PROFIL</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
    405 <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></span>
    406 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopts"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopts</span></a></td>
    407 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">P</td>
    408 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
    409 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><i>value
     2123      <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></span>
     2124      </p>
     2125
     2126 </td>
     2127
     2128 </tr>
     2129
     2130 <tr>
     2131
     2132 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopts"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopts</span></a></td>
     2133
     2134
     2135      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">P</td>
     2136
     2137
     2138      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
     2139
     2140
     2141      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><i>value
    4102142of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    411 output</a></i></td> <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     2143
     2144
     2145output</a></i></td>
     2146
     2147 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">
     2148     
     2149      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    4122150interval</font> at which time series data of particle quantities
    4132151shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).&nbsp;</font></p>
    414 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp"><b>dt_dosp</b></a></p>
    415 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    416 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    417 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
     2152
     2153
     2154      </td>
     2155
     2156 </tr>
     2157
     2158 <tr>
     2159
     2160 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2161     
     2162      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp"><b>dt_dosp</b></a></p>
     2163
     2164
     2165      </td>
     2166
     2167 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2168     
     2169      <p>P</p>
     2170
     2171 </td>
     2172
     2173 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2174     
     2175      <p>R</p>
     2176
     2177
     2178      </td>
     2179
     2180 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
    4182181of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    419 output</a></i></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Temporal
     2182
     2183
     2184output</a></i></td>
     2185
     2186 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Temporal
    4202187interval at which&nbsp;spectra data shall be output
    421 (in s).&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots"><b>dt_dots</b></a></p>
    422 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    423 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    424 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    425 <p>see parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
    426 which&nbsp;time series data shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br> </font></p> </td>
    427 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy"><b>dt_do2d_xy</b></a></p>
    428 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    429 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    430 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
     2188(in s).&nbsp;</td>
     2189
     2190 </tr>
     2191
     2192 <tr>
     2193
     2194 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2195     
     2196      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots"><b>dt_dots</b></a></p>
     2197
     2198
     2199      </td>
     2200
     2201 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2202     
     2203      <p>R</p>
     2204
     2205 </td>
     2206
     2207 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2208     
     2209      <p>R</p>
     2210
     2211
     2212      </td>
     2213
     2214 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2215     
     2216      <p>see parameter description</p>
     2217
     2218 </td>
     2219
     2220 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2221     
     2222      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
     2223which&nbsp;time series data shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br>
     2224
     2225 </font></p>
     2226
     2227 </td>
     2228
     2229
     2230    </tr>
     2231
     2232 <tr>
     2233
     2234 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2235     
     2236      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy"><b>dt_do2d_xy</b></a></p>
     2237
     2238
     2239      </td>
     2240
     2241 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2242     
     2243      <p>R</p>
     2244
     2245 </td>
     2246
     2247 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2248     
     2249      <p>R</p>
     2250
     2251
     2252      </td>
     2253
     2254 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
    4312255of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    432 output</a></i></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
    433 which horizontal cross section data shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br> </font></p> </td>
    434 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xz"><b>dt_do2d_xz</b></a></p>
    435 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    436 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    437 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
     2256
     2257
     2258output</a></i></td>
     2259
     2260 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2261     
     2262      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
     2263which horizontal cross section data shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br>
     2264
     2265 </font></p>
     2266
     2267 </td>
     2268
     2269
     2270    </tr>
     2271
     2272 <tr>
     2273
     2274 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2275     
     2276      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xz"><b>dt_do2d_xz</b></a></p>
     2277
     2278
     2279      </td>
     2280
     2281 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2282     
     2283      <p>R</p>
     2284
     2285 </td>
     2286
     2287 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2288     
     2289      <p>R</p>
     2290
     2291
     2292      </td>
     2293
     2294 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
    4382295of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    439 output</a></i></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
     2296
     2297
     2298output</a></i></td>
     2299
     2300 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2301     
     2302      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
    4402303which vertical cross section data (xz) shall be output&nbsp;(</font>in
    441 <font face="Thorndale">s). <br> </font></p>
    442 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_yz"><b>dt_do2d_yz</b></a></p>
    443 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    444 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    445 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
     2304      <font face="Thorndale">s). <br>
     2305
     2306 </font></p>
     2307
     2308
     2309      </td>
     2310
     2311 </tr>
     2312
     2313 <tr>
     2314
     2315 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2316     
     2317      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_yz"><b>dt_do2d_yz</b></a></p>
     2318
     2319
     2320      </td>
     2321
     2322 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2323     
     2324      <p>R</p>
     2325
     2326 </td>
     2327
     2328 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2329     
     2330      <p>R</p>
     2331
     2332
     2333      </td>
     2334
     2335 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
    4462336of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    447 output</a></i></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
     2337
     2338
     2339output</a></i></td>
     2340
     2341 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2342     
     2343      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
    4482344which vertical cross section data (yz)&nbsp;shall be
    4492345output&nbsp;(</font>in s<font face="Thorndale">).</font></p>
    450 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do3d"><b>dt_do3d</b></a></p>
    451 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    452 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    453 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
     2346
     2347
     2348      </td>
     2349
     2350 </tr>
     2351
     2352 <tr>
     2353
     2354 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2355     
     2356      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do3d"><b>dt_do3d</b></a></p>
     2357
     2358
     2359      </td>
     2360
     2361 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2362     
     2363      <p>R</p>
     2364
     2365 </td>
     2366
     2367 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2368     
     2369      <p>R</p>
     2370
     2371
     2372      </td>
     2373
     2374 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"><i>value
    4542375of &nbsp;<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
    455 output</a></i></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
    456 which 3d volume data shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br> </font></p> </td>
    457 </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><b>dt_dvrp</b></a></b></td>
    458 <td>P</td> <td>R</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
    459 <td>Temporal interval of scenes to be displayed with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software (in
    460 s). </td> </tr> <tr><td><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a></td><td>R</td><td>R</td><td><span style="font-style: italic;">20.0</span></td><td>Maximum
    461 allowed value of the timestep (in s).</td></tr><tr> <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_min_part"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_min_part</span></a></td>
    462 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">P</td>
    463 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
    464 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0002</span></td> <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Minimum value
     2376
     2377
     2378output</a></i></td>
     2379
     2380 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2381     
     2382      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
     2383which 3d volume data shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). <br>
     2384
     2385 </font></p>
     2386
     2387 </td>
     2388
     2389
     2390    </tr>
     2391
     2392 <tr>
     2393
     2394 <td><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><b>dt_dvrp</b></a></b></td>
     2395
     2396
     2397      <td>P</td>
     2398
     2399 <td>R</td>
     2400
     2401 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     2402
     2403
     2404      <td>Temporal interval of scenes to be displayed with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software (in
     2405s). </td>
     2406
     2407 </tr>
     2408
     2409 <tr>
     2410
     2411      <td><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a></td>
     2412
     2413      <td>R</td>
     2414
     2415      <td>R</td>
     2416
     2417      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">20.0</span></td>
     2418
     2419      <td>Maximum
     2420allowed value of the timestep (in s).</td>
     2421
     2422    </tr>
     2423
     2424    <tr>
     2425
     2426 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_min_part"><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_min_part</span></a></td>
     2427
     2428
     2429      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">P</td>
     2430
     2431
     2432      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
     2433
     2434
     2435      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0002</span></td>
     2436
     2437 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Minimum value
    4652438for the particle timestep when SGS velocities are used (in s).</td>
    466 </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_prel"><b>dt_prel</b></a></p>
    467 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    468 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    469 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    470 <p><i>9999999.9</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">Temporal
     2439
     2440
     2441    </tr>
     2442
     2443 <tr valign="top">
     2444
     2445 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2446     
     2447      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_prel"><b>dt_prel</b></a></p>
     2448
     2449
     2450      </td>
     2451
     2452 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2453     
     2454      <p>P</p>
     2455
     2456 </td>
     2457
     2458 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2459     
     2460      <p>R</p>
     2461
     2462
     2463      </td>
     2464
     2465 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2466     
     2467      <p><i>9999999.9</i></p>
     2468
     2469 </td>
     2470
     2471 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2472     
     2473      <p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">Temporal
    4712474interval at
    4722475which particles are to be released <span lang="en-GB">from
    4732476a particle
    4742477source </span>(</span></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">s).</span>&nbsp;</font></p>
    475 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_pr_1d"><b>dt_pr_1d</b></a></p>
    476 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    477 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    478 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    479 <p><i>9999999.9</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Temporal
     2478
     2479
     2480      </td>
     2481
     2482 </tr>
     2483
     2484 <tr>
     2485
     2486 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2487     
     2488      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_pr_1d"><b>dt_pr_1d</b></a></p>
     2489
     2490
     2491      </td>
     2492
     2493 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2494     
     2495      <p>I</p>
     2496
     2497 </td>
     2498
     2499 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2500     
     2501      <p>R</p>
     2502
     2503
     2504      </td>
     2505
     2506 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2507     
     2508      <p><i>9999999.9</i></p>
     2509
     2510 </td>
     2511
     2512 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2513     
     2514      <p>Temporal
    4802515interval of vertical profile output of the
    48125161D-model
    482 (in s).&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_restart"><b>dt_restart</b></a></b></td>
    483 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br> </td>
    484 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br> </td>
    485 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">9999999.9<br> </td>
    486 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
     2517(in s).&nbsp;</p>
     2518
     2519 </td>
     2520
     2521 </tr>
     2522
     2523 <tr>
     2524
     2525 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_restart"><b>dt_restart</b></a></b></td>
     2526
     2527
     2528      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br>
     2529
     2530 </td>
     2531
     2532
     2533      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br>
     2534
     2535 </td>
     2536
     2537
     2538      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">9999999.9<br>
     2539
     2540 </td>
     2541
     2542
     2543      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
    4872544interval</font> at which a new
    488 restart run is to be carried out (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).</font></td> </tr> <tr>
    489 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_run_control"><b>dt_run_control</b></a></p>
    490 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    491 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    492 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    493 <p><i>60.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
     2545restart run is to be carried out (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).</font></td>
     2546
     2547 </tr>
     2548
     2549 <tr>
     2550
     2551
     2552      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2553     
     2554      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_run_control"><b>dt_run_control</b></a></p>
     2555
     2556
     2557      </td>
     2558
     2559 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2560     
     2561      <p>R</p>
     2562
     2563 </td>
     2564
     2565 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2566     
     2567      <p>R</p>
     2568
     2569
     2570      </td>
     2571
     2572 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2573     
     2574      <p><i>60.0</i></p>
     2575
     2576 </td>
     2577
     2578 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2579     
     2580      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font> at
    4942581which run control
    4952582output is to be made (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
    496 <br> </font></p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    497 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_run_control_1d"><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></a></p>
    498 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    499 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    500 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    501 <p><i>60.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Temporal
     2583      <br>
     2584
     2585 </font></p>
     2586
     2587 </td>
     2588
     2589 </tr>
     2590
     2591 <tr>
     2592
     2593
     2594      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2595     
     2596      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_run_control_1d"><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></a></p>
     2597
     2598
     2599      </td>
     2600
     2601 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2602     
     2603      <p>I</p>
     2604
     2605 </td>
     2606
     2607 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2608     
     2609      <p>R</p>
     2610
     2611
     2612      </td>
     2613
     2614 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2615     
     2616      <p><i>60.0</i></p>
     2617
     2618 </td>
     2619
     2620 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2621     
     2622      <p>Temporal
    5022623interval of runtime control output of the
    50326241d-model
    504 (in s).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_write_particle_data"><b>dt_write_particle_data</b></a></b></td>
    505 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br> </td>
    506 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br> </td>
    507 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
    508 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Temporal
     2625(in s).</p>
     2626
     2627 </td>
     2628
     2629 </tr>
     2630
     2631 <tr>
     2632
     2633 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_write_particle_data"><b>dt_write_particle_data</b></a></b></td>
     2634
     2635
     2636      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">P<br>
     2637
     2638 </td>
     2639
     2640
     2641      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br>
     2642
     2643 </td>
     2644
     2645
     2646      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
     2647
     2648
     2649      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Temporal
    5092650interval for output
    510 of particle data (in s).</td> </tr> <tr valign="top">
    511 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_directory"><b>dvrp_directory</b></a></p>
    512 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    513 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    514 * 80</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'default'</i></p>
    515 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    516 <p>Name of the directory into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    517 software shall be saved. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    518 <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_file"><b>dvrp_file</b></a></p>
    519 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    520 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    521 * 80</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'default'</i></p>
    522 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    523 <p>Name of the file into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software shall
    524 be output.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top">
    525 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_host"><b>dvrp_host</b></a></p>
    526 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    527 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    528 * 80</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'origin.rvs. <br>
    529 uni- hanover.de'</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Name
     2651of particle data (in s).</td>
     2652
     2653 </tr>
     2654
     2655 <tr valign="top">
     2656
     2657
     2658      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2659     
     2660      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_directory"><b>dvrp_directory</b></a></p>
     2661
     2662
     2663      </td>
     2664
     2665 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2666     
     2667      <p>P</p>
     2668
     2669 </td>
     2670
     2671 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2672     
     2673      <p>C
     2674* 80</p>
     2675
     2676 </td>
     2677
     2678 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2679     
     2680      <p><i>'default'</i></p>
     2681
     2682
     2683      </td>
     2684
     2685 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2686     
     2687      <p>Name of the directory into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
     2688software shall be saved. <br>
     2689
     2690 </p>
     2691
     2692 </td>
     2693
     2694 </tr>
     2695
     2696
     2697    <tr valign="top">
     2698
     2699 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2700     
     2701      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_file"><b>dvrp_file</b></a></p>
     2702
     2703
     2704      </td>
     2705
     2706 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2707     
     2708      <p>P</p>
     2709
     2710 </td>
     2711
     2712 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2713     
     2714      <p>C
     2715* 80</p>
     2716
     2717 </td>
     2718
     2719 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2720     
     2721      <p><i>'default'</i></p>
     2722
     2723
     2724      </td>
     2725
     2726 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2727     
     2728      <p>Name of the file into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software shall
     2729be output.</p>
     2730
     2731 </td>
     2732
     2733 </tr>
     2734
     2735 <tr valign="top">
     2736
     2737
     2738      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2739     
     2740      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_host"><b>dvrp_host</b></a></p>
     2741
     2742
     2743      </td>
     2744
     2745 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2746     
     2747      <p>P</p>
     2748
     2749 </td>
     2750
     2751 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2752     
     2753      <p>C
     2754* 80</p>
     2755
     2756 </td>
     2757
     2758 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2759     
     2760      <p><i>'origin.rvs. <br>
     2761
     2762
     2763uni- hanover.de'</i></p>
     2764
     2765 </td>
     2766
     2767 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2768     
     2769      <p>Name
    5302770of the computer to which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software shall
    5312771be
    532 transferred. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_output"><b>dvrp_output</b></a></p>
    533 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    534 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    535 * 10</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'rtsp'</i></p> </td>
    536 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Output
     2772transferred. <br>
     2773
     2774 </p>
     2775
     2776 </td>
     2777
     2778 </tr>
     2779
     2780 <tr valign="top">
     2781
     2782 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2783     
     2784      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_output"><b>dvrp_output</b></a></p>
     2785
     2786
     2787      </td>
     2788
     2789 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2790     
     2791      <p>P</p>
     2792
     2793 </td>
     2794
     2795 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2796     
     2797      <p>C
     2798* 10</p>
     2799
     2800 </td>
     2801
     2802 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2803     
     2804      <p><i>'rtsp'</i></p>
     2805
     2806 </td>
     2807
     2808
     2809      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2810     
     2811      <p>Output
    5372812mode for the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    538 software. </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top">
    539 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_password"><b>dvrp_password</b></a></p>
    540 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    541 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    542 * 80</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'********'</i></p>
    543 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Password
     2813software. </p>
     2814
     2815 </td>
     2816
     2817 </tr>
     2818
     2819 <tr valign="top">
     2820
     2821
     2822      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2823     
     2824      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_password"><b>dvrp_password</b></a></p>
     2825
     2826
     2827      </td>
     2828
     2829 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2830     
     2831      <p>P</p>
     2832
     2833 </td>
     2834
     2835 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2836     
     2837      <p>C
     2838* 80</p>
     2839
     2840 </td>
     2841
     2842 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2843     
     2844      <p><i>'********'</i></p>
     2845
     2846
     2847      </td>
     2848
     2849 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">Password
    5442850for the
    5452851computer to which data created
    5462852by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    5472853software is to be
    548 transferred.</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_psize"><b>dvrp_psize</b></a></p>
    549 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    550 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    551 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    552 <p><i>0.2</i> * <i>dx</i></p> </td>
    553 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Diameter
     2854transferred.</td>
     2855
     2856 </tr>
     2857
     2858 <tr valign="top">
     2859
     2860 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2861     
     2862      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_psize"><b>dvrp_psize</b></a></p>
     2863
     2864
     2865      </td>
     2866
     2867 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2868     
     2869      <p>P</p>
     2870
     2871 </td>
     2872
     2873 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2874     
     2875      <p>R</p>
     2876
     2877
     2878      </td>
     2879
     2880 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2881     
     2882      <p><i>0.2</i> * <i>dx</i></p>
     2883
     2884 </td>
     2885
     2886
     2887      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2888     
     2889      <p>Diameter
    5542890that the particles is given in visualizations
    5552891with
    5562892the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    5572893software (in
    558 m). <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_username"><b>dvrp_username</b></a></p>
    559 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    560 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    561 * 80</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p>no default value </p> </td>
    562 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>User
     2894m). <br>
     2895
     2896 </p>
     2897
     2898 </td>
     2899
     2900 </tr>
     2901
     2902 <tr valign="top">
     2903
     2904 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2905     
     2906      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_username"><b>dvrp_username</b></a></p>
     2907
     2908
     2909      </td>
     2910
     2911 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2912     
     2913      <p>P</p>
     2914
     2915 </td>
     2916
     2917 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2918     
     2919      <p>C
     2920* 80</p>
     2921
     2922 </td>
     2923
     2924 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2925     
     2926      <p>no default value </p>
     2927
     2928 </td>
     2929
     2930
     2931      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2932     
     2933      <p>User
    5632934name of a valid account on the computer to which
    5642935data
    … …  
    5662937software
    5672938is to be
    568 transferred. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    569 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx"><b>dx</b></a></p>
    570 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    571 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    572 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    573 <p><i>1.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Horizontal
    574 grid spacing along the x-direction (in m). <br> </p> </td>
    575 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy"><b>dy</b></a></p>
    576 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    577 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    578 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    579 <p><i>1.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Horizontal
    580 grid spacing along the y-direction (in m). <br> </p> </td>
    581 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz"><b>dz</b></a></p>
    582 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    583 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    584 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    585 <p>no default, see parameter description </p> </td>
    586 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Vertical
    587 grid spacing (in m).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_max">dz_max</a></td>
    588 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td>
    589 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
    590 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
    591 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Allowed
    592 maximum vertical grid spacing (in m).<br> </td> </tr>
    593 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    594 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor"><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></a></p>
    595 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    596 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    597 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    598 <p><i>1.08</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Stretch
     2939transferred. <br>
     2940
     2941 </p>
     2942
     2943 </td>
     2944
     2945 </tr>
     2946
     2947 <tr>
     2948
     2949
     2950      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2951     
     2952      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx"><b>dx</b></a></p>
     2953
     2954
     2955      </td>
     2956
     2957 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2958     
     2959      <p>I</p>
     2960
     2961 </td>
     2962
     2963 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     2964     
     2965      <p>R</p>
     2966
     2967
     2968      </td>
     2969
     2970 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     2971     
     2972      <p><i>1.0</i></p>
     2973
     2974 </td>
     2975
     2976 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     2977     
     2978      <p>Horizontal
     2979grid spacing along the x-direction (in m). <br>
     2980
     2981 </p>
     2982
     2983 </td>
     2984
     2985
     2986    </tr>
     2987
     2988 <tr>
     2989
     2990 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     2991     
     2992      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy"><b>dy</b></a></p>
     2993
     2994
     2995      </td>
     2996
     2997 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     2998     
     2999      <p>I</p>
     3000
     3001 </td>
     3002
     3003 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3004     
     3005      <p>R</p>
     3006
     3007
     3008      </td>
     3009
     3010 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3011     
     3012      <p><i>1.0</i></p>
     3013
     3014 </td>
     3015
     3016 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3017     
     3018      <p>Horizontal
     3019grid spacing along the y-direction (in m). <br>
     3020
     3021 </p>
     3022
     3023 </td>
     3024
     3025
     3026    </tr>
     3027
     3028 <tr>
     3029
     3030 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3031     
     3032      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz"><b>dz</b></a></p>
     3033
     3034
     3035      </td>
     3036
     3037 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3038     
     3039      <p>I</p>
     3040
     3041 </td>
     3042
     3043 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3044     
     3045      <p>R</p>
     3046
     3047
     3048      </td>
     3049
     3050 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3051     
     3052      <p>no default, see parameter description </p>
     3053
     3054 </td>
     3055
     3056
     3057      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3058     
     3059      <p>Vertical
     3060grid spacing (in m).</p>
     3061
     3062 </td>
     3063
     3064 </tr>
     3065
     3066 <tr>
     3067
     3068 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_max">dz_max</a></td>
     3069
     3070
     3071      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td>
     3072
     3073
     3074      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
     3075
     3076
     3077      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     3078
     3079
     3080      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Allowed
     3081maximum vertical grid spacing (in m).<br>
     3082
     3083 </td>
     3084
     3085 </tr>
     3086
     3087
     3088    <tr>
     3089
     3090 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3091     
     3092      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor"><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></a></p>
     3093
     3094
     3095      </td>
     3096
     3097 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3098     
     3099      <p>I</p>
     3100
     3101 </td>
     3102
     3103 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3104     
     3105      <p>R</p>
     3106
     3107
     3108      </td>
     3109
     3110 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3111     
     3112      <p><i>1.08</i></p>
     3113
     3114 </td>
     3115
     3116 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3117     
     3118      <p>Stretch
    5993119factor for a vertically stretched grid (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>).</p>
    600 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_level"><b>dz_stretch_level</b></a></p>
    601 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    602 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    603 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    604 <p><i>100000.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Height
    605 level above which the grid is to be stretched
    606 vertically (in m). <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    607 <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#e_min"><b>e_min</b></a></td>
    608 <td>I</td> <td>R</td> <td>0.0</td>
    609 <td>Minimum TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.</td>
    610 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#end_time"><b>end_time</b></a></p>
    611 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    612 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    613 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    614 <p><i>0.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Simulation
     3120
     3121
     3122      </td>
     3123
     3124 </tr>
     3125
     3126 <tr>
     3127
     3128 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3129     
     3130      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_level"><b>dz_stretch_level</b></a></p>
     3131
     3132
     3133      </td>
     3134
     3135 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3136     
     3137      <p>I</p>
     3138
     3139 </td>
     3140
     3141 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3142     
     3143      <p>R</p>
     3144
     3145
     3146      </td>
     3147
     3148 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3149     
     3150      <p><i>100000.0</i></p>
     3151
     3152 </td>
     3153
     3154 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3155     
     3156      <p>Height
     3157level above/below which the grid is to be stretched
     3158vertically (in m). <br>
     3159
     3160 </p>
     3161
     3162 </td>
     3163
     3164 </tr>
     3165
     3166 <tr>
     3167
     3168      <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#e_init"><span style="font-weight: bold;">e_init</span></a></td>
     3169
     3170      <td>I</td>
     3171
     3172      <td>R</td>
     3173
     3174      <td style="font-style: italic;">0.0</td>
     3175
     3176      <td>Initial TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.</td>
     3177
     3178    </tr>
     3179
     3180    <tr>
     3181
     3182
     3183      <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#e_min"><b>e_min</b></a></td>
     3184
     3185
     3186      <td>I</td>
     3187
     3188 <td>R</td>
     3189
     3190 <td style="font-style: italic;">0.0</td>
     3191
     3192
     3193      <td>Minimum TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.</td>
     3194
     3195
     3196    </tr>
     3197
     3198 <tr>
     3199
     3200 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3201     
     3202      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#end_time"><b>end_time</b></a></p>
     3203
     3204
     3205      </td>
     3206
     3207 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3208     
     3209      <p>R</p>
     3210
     3211 </td>
     3212
     3213 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3214     
     3215      <p>R</p>
     3216
     3217
     3218      </td>
     3219
     3220 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3221     
     3222      <p><i>0.0</i></p>
     3223
     3224 </td>
     3225
     3226 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3227     
     3228      <p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Simulation
    6153229time of the 3D
    616 model (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s)</font><font face="Thorndale">.</font></p> </td> </tr>
    617 <tr> <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#end_time_prel"><span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time_prel</span></a></td>
    618 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">P</td>
    619 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
    620 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
    621 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Time of
    622 the last release of particles (in s).</td> </tr> <tr>
    623 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time_1d"><b>end_time_1d</b></a></p>
    624 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    625 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    626 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    627 <p><i>864000.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Time
    628 to be simulated for the 1D-model (in s).&nbsp;</p> </td>
    629 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method"><b>fft_method</b></a></p>
    630 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    631 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    632 * 20</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'system specific'</i></p>
    633 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    634 <p>FFT-method to be used.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    635 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#force_print_header"><b>force_print_header</b></a></p>
    636 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    637 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>L</p>
    638 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    639 <p><i>.F.</i></p> </td> <td style="width: 57%; vertical-align: middle;"> <p>Steering
     3230model (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s)</font><font face="Thorndale">.</font></p>
     3231
     3232 </td>
     3233
     3234 </tr>
     3235
     3236
     3237    <tr>
     3238
     3239 <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#end_time_prel"><span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time_prel</span></a></td>
     3240
     3241
     3242      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">P</td>
     3243
     3244
     3245      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">R</td>
     3246
     3247
     3248      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
     3249
     3250
     3251      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Time of
     3252the last release of particles (in s).</td>
     3253
     3254 </tr>
     3255
     3256 <tr>
     3257
     3258
     3259      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3260     
     3261      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time_1d"><b>end_time_1d</b></a></p>
     3262
     3263
     3264      </td>
     3265
     3266 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3267     
     3268      <p>I</p>
     3269
     3270 </td>
     3271
     3272 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3273     
     3274      <p>R</p>
     3275
     3276
     3277      </td>
     3278
     3279 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3280     
     3281      <p><i>864000.0</i></p>
     3282
     3283 </td>
     3284
     3285 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3286     
     3287      <p>Time
     3288to be simulated for the 1D-model (in s).&nbsp;</p>
     3289
     3290 </td>
     3291
     3292
     3293    </tr>
     3294
     3295 <tr>
     3296
     3297 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3298     
     3299      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method"><b>fft_method</b></a></p>
     3300
     3301
     3302      </td>
     3303
     3304 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3305     
     3306      <p>I</p>
     3307
     3308 </td>
     3309
     3310 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3311     
     3312      <p>C
     3313* 20</p>
     3314
     3315 </td>
     3316
     3317 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3318     
     3319      <p><i>'system specific'</i></p>
     3320
     3321
     3322      </td>
     3323
     3324 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3325     
     3326      <p>FFT-method to be used.</p>
     3327
     3328 </td>
     3329
     3330 </tr>
     3331
     3332 <tr>
     3333
     3334
     3335      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3336     
     3337      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#force_print_header"><b>force_print_header</b></a></p>
     3338
     3339
     3340      </td>
     3341
     3342 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3343     
     3344      <p>R</p>
     3345
     3346 </td>
     3347
     3348 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3349     
     3350      <p>L</p>
     3351
     3352
     3353      </td>
     3354
     3355 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3356     
     3357      <p><i>.F.</i></p>
     3358
     3359 </td>
     3360
     3361 <td style="width: 57%; vertical-align: middle;">
     3362     
     3363      <p>Steering
    6403364of header output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. </p>
    641 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#galilei_transformation"><b>galilei_transformation</b></a></p>
    642 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    643 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>L</p>
    644 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    645 <p><i>.F.</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Application
     3365
     3366
     3367      </td>
     3368
     3369 </tr>
     3370
     3371 <tr>
     3372
     3373 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3374     
     3375      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#galilei_transformation"><b>galilei_transformation</b></a></p>
     3376
     3377
     3378      </td>
     3379
     3380 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3381     
     3382      <p>I</p>
     3383
     3384 </td>
     3385
     3386 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3387     
     3388      <p>L</p>
     3389
     3390
     3391      </td>
     3392
     3393 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3394     
     3395      <p><i>.F.</i></p>
     3396
     3397 </td>
     3398
     3399 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3400     
     3401      <p>Application
    6463402of a Galilei-transformation to the
    6473403coordinate
    648 system of the model.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#grid_matching"><b>grid_matching</b></a></p>
    649 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    650 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    651 * 6</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'match'</i></p> </td>
    652 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Variable
    653 to adjust the subdomain sizes in parallel runs.</p> </td> </tr>
    654 <tr><td><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity"><b>humidity</b></a></b></td><td>I</td><td>L</td><td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td>Parameter
     3404system of the model.</p>
     3405
     3406 </td>
     3407
     3408 </tr>
     3409
     3410 <tr>
     3411
     3412 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3413     
     3414      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#grid_matching"><b>grid_matching</b></a></p>
     3415
     3416
     3417      </td>
     3418
     3419 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3420     
     3421      <p>I</p>
     3422
     3423 </td>
     3424
     3425 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3426     
     3427      <p>C
     3428* 6</p>
     3429
     3430 </td>
     3431
     3432 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3433     
     3434      <p><i>'match'</i></p>
     3435
     3436 </td>
     3437
     3438
     3439      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3440     
     3441      <p>Variable
     3442to adjust the subdomain sizes in parallel runs.</p>
     3443
     3444 </td>
     3445
     3446 </tr>
     3447
     3448
     3449    <tr>
     3450
     3451      <td><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity"><b>humidity</b></a></b></td>
     3452
     3453      <td>I</td>
     3454
     3455      <td>L</td>
     3456
     3457      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     3458
     3459      <td>Parameter
    6553460to switch on the prognostic equation for
    6563461specific
    657 humidity q.</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_begin"><b>inflow_disturbance_begin</b></a></b></td>
    658 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    659 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    660 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td>
    661 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lower
     3462humidity q.</td>
     3463
     3464    </tr>
     3465
     3466    <tr>
     3467
     3468 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_begin"><b>inflow_disturbance_begin</b></a></b></td>
     3469
     3470
     3471      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br>
     3472
     3473 </td>
     3474
     3475
     3476      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br>
     3477
     3478 </td>
     3479
     3480
     3481      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     3482
     3483 <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td>
     3484
     3485
     3486      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lower
    6623487limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be
    663 imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).</td> </tr>
    664 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_end"><b>inflow_disturbance_end</b></a></b></b></td>
    665 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    666 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    667 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Upper
     3488imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).</td>
     3489
     3490 </tr>
     3491
     3492
     3493    <tr>
     3494
     3495 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_end"><b>inflow_disturbance_end</b></a></b></b></td>
     3496
     3497
     3498      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br>
     3499
     3500 </td>
     3501
     3502
     3503      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br>
     3504
     3505 </td>
     3506
     3507
     3508      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     3509
     3510 <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     3511
     3512 <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td>
     3513
     3514 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Upper
    6683515limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are
    6693516to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).</td>
    670 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions"><b>initializing_actions</b></a></p>
    671 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    672 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    673 * 100</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p>no default, see parameter description</p>
    674 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    675 <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization
     3517
     3518
     3519    </tr>
     3520
     3521 <tr>
     3522
     3523 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3524     
     3525      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions"><b>initializing_actions</b></a></p>
     3526
     3527
     3528      </td>
     3529
     3530 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3531     
     3532      <p>I</p>
     3533
     3534 </td>
     3535
     3536 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3537     
     3538      <p>C
     3539* 100</p>
     3540
     3541 </td>
     3542
     3543 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3544     
     3545      <p>no default, see parameter description</p>
     3546
     3547
     3548      </td>
     3549
     3550 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3551     
     3552      <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization
    6763553actions
    677 to be carried out. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    678 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#initial_weighting_factor"><span style="font-weight: bold;">initial_weighting_factor</span></a><br>
    679 </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">P<br> </td>
    680 <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span><br> </td>
    681 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Factor to define
    682 the real number of initial droplets in a grid cell.</td> </tr>
    683 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    684 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_constant"><b>km_constant</b></a></p>
    685 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    686 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    687 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    688 <p><i>variable (computed from TKE)</i></p> </td>
    689 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Constant
     3554to be carried out. <br>
     3555
     3556 </p>
     3557
     3558 </td>
     3559
     3560 </tr>
     3561
     3562 <tr>
     3563
     3564
     3565      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="chapter_4.2.html#initial_weighting_factor"><span style="font-weight: bold;">initial_weighting_factor</span></a><br>
     3566
     3567
     3568      </td>
     3569
     3570 <td style="vertical-align: top;">P<br>
     3571
     3572 </td>
     3573
     3574
     3575      <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
     3576
     3577 </td>
     3578
     3579 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span><br>
     3580
     3581 </td>
     3582
     3583
     3584      <td style="vertical-align: top;">Factor to define
     3585the real number of initial droplets in a grid cell.</td>
     3586
     3587 </tr>
     3588
     3589
     3590    <tr>
     3591
     3592 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3593     
     3594      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_constant"><b>km_constant</b></a></p>
     3595
     3596
     3597      </td>
     3598
     3599 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3600     
     3601      <p>I</p>
     3602
     3603 </td>
     3604
     3605 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3606     
     3607      <p>R</p>
     3608
     3609
     3610      </td>
     3611
     3612 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3613     
     3614      <p><i>variable (computed from TKE)</i></p>
     3615
     3616 </td>
     3617
     3618
     3619      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3620     
     3621      <p>Constant
    6903622eddy diffusivities are used (laminar
    691 simulations).&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    692 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max"><b>km_damp_max</b></a></b></td>
    693 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    694 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br> </td>
    695 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx
    696 or dy)</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Maximum
     3623simulations).&nbsp;</p>
     3624
     3625 </td>
     3626
     3627 </tr>
     3628
     3629 <tr>
     3630
     3631
     3632      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max"><b>km_damp_max</b></a></b></td>
     3633
     3634
     3635      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br>
     3636
     3637 </td>
     3638
     3639
     3640      <td style="vertical-align: middle;">R<br>
     3641
     3642 </td>
     3643
     3644
     3645      <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx
     3646or dy)</span></td>
     3647
     3648 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Maximum
    6973649diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of
    698 the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td> </tr> <tr>
    699 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#long_filter_factor"><b>long_filter_factor</b></a></p>
    700 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    701 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    702 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    703 <p><i>0.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Filter
    704 factor for the so-called Long-filter.</p> </td> </tr>
    705 <tr><td><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.1.html#loop_optimization">loop_optimization</a></td><td>I</td><td>C * 16</td><td>see parameter description</td><td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    706 <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_particles"><b>maximum_number_</b></a>
    707 <br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_particles"><b>of_particles</b></a></p>
    708 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    709 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    710 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    711 <p><i>1000</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Maximum
    712 number of particles (on a PE). <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    713 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    714 <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><b>maximum_number_</b></a>
    715 <br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><b>of_tailpoints</b></a></p>
    716 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    717 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    718 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    719 <p><i>100</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Maximum
     3650the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
     3651
     3652 </tr>
     3653
     3654 <tr>
     3655
     3656
     3657      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3658     
     3659      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#long_filter_factor"><b>long_filter_factor</b></a></p>
     3660
     3661
     3662      </td>
     3663
     3664 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3665     
     3666      <p>I</p>
     3667
     3668 </td>
     3669
     3670 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3671     
     3672      <p>R</p>
     3673
     3674
     3675      </td>
     3676
     3677 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3678     
     3679      <p><i>0.0</i></p>
     3680
     3681 </td>
     3682
     3683 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3684     
     3685      <p>Filter
     3686factor for the so-called Long-filter.</p>
     3687
     3688 </td>
     3689
     3690 </tr>
     3691
     3692
     3693    <tr>
     3694
     3695      <td><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.1.html#loop_optimization">loop_optimization</a></td>
     3696
     3697      <td>I</td>
     3698
     3699      <td>C * 16</td>
     3700
     3701      <td>see parameter description</td>
     3702
     3703      <td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .</td>
     3704
     3705    </tr>
     3706
     3707    <tr>
     3708
     3709 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3710     
     3711      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_particles"><b>maximum_number_</b></a>
     3712      <br>
     3713
     3714 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_particles"><b>of_particles</b></a></p>
     3715
     3716
     3717      </td>
     3718
     3719 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3720     
     3721      <p>P</p>
     3722
     3723 </td>
     3724
     3725 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3726     
     3727      <p>I</p>
     3728
     3729
     3730      </td>
     3731
     3732 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3733     
     3734      <p><i>1000</i></p>
     3735
     3736 </td>
     3737
     3738 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3739     
     3740      <p>Maximum
     3741number of particles (on a PE). <br>
     3742
     3743 </p>
     3744
     3745 </td>
     3746
     3747 </tr>
     3748
     3749
     3750    <tr>
     3751
     3752 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3753     
     3754      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><b>maximum_number_</b></a>
     3755      <br>
     3756
     3757 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><b>of_tailpoints</b></a></p>
     3758
     3759
     3760      </td>
     3761
     3762 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3763     
     3764      <p>P</p>
     3765
     3766 </td>
     3767
     3768 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3769     
     3770      <p>I</p>
     3771
     3772
     3773      </td>
     3774
     3775 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3776     
     3777      <p><i>100</i></p>
     3778
     3779 </td>
     3780
     3781 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3782     
     3783      <p>Maximum
    7203784number of tailpoints that a particle tail can
    721 have. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_tailpoint_age"><b>maximum_tailpoint_</b></a>
    722 <br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_tailpoint_age"><b>age</b></a></p>
    723 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    724 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    725 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    726 <p><i>100000.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Maximum
     3785have. <br>
     3786
     3787 </p>
     3788
     3789 </td>
     3790
     3791 </tr>
     3792
     3793 <tr>
     3794
     3795 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3796     
     3797      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_tailpoint_age"><b>maximum_tailpoint_</b></a>
     3798      <br>
     3799
     3800 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_tailpoint_age"><b>age</b></a></p>
     3801
     3802
     3803      </td>
     3804
     3805 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3806     
     3807      <p>P</p>
     3808
     3809 </td>
     3810
     3811 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3812     
     3813      <p>R</p>
     3814
     3815
     3816      </td>
     3817
     3818 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3819     
     3820      <p><i>100000.0</i></p>
     3821
     3822 </td>
     3823
     3824 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3825     
     3826      <p>Maximum
    7273827age that the end point of a particle tail is allowed to have (in s). <br>
    728 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#mg_cycles"><b>mg_cycles</b></a></b></td>
    729 <td>R</td> <td>I</td> <td><i>- 1</i></td>
    730 <td>Number of cycles to be used with the multi-grid scheme.</td>
    731 </tr> <tr> <td><b><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#mg_switch_to_pe0_level"><b>mg_switch_to_pe0_level</b></a></b></b></td>
    732 <td>R</td> <td>I</td> <td>see parameter
    733 description</td> <td>Grid
    734 level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.</td> </tr> <tr>
    735 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#minimum_tailpoint_distance"><b>minimum_tailpoint_</b></a>
    736 <br> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#minimum_tailpoint_distance"><b>distance</b></a></p>
    737 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    738 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    739 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    740 <p><i>0.0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Minimum
     3828
     3829
     3830      </p>
     3831
     3832 </td>
     3833
     3834 </tr>
     3835
     3836 <tr>
     3837
     3838 <td><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#mg_cycles"><b>mg_cycles</b></a></b></td>
     3839
     3840
     3841      <td>R</td>
     3842
     3843 <td>I</td>
     3844
     3845 <td><i>- 1</i></td>
     3846
     3847
     3848      <td>Number of cycles to be used with the multi-grid scheme.</td>
     3849
     3850
     3851    </tr>
     3852
     3853 <tr>
     3854
     3855 <td><b><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#mg_switch_to_pe0_level"><b>mg_switch_to_pe0_level</b></a></b></b></td>
     3856
     3857
     3858      <td>R</td>
     3859
     3860 <td>I</td>
     3861
     3862 <td>see parameter
     3863description</td>
     3864
     3865 <td>Grid
     3866level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.</td>
     3867
     3868 </tr>
     3869
     3870 <tr>
     3871
     3872
     3873      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3874     
     3875      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#minimum_tailpoint_distance"><b>minimum_tailpoint_</b></a>
     3876      <br>
     3877
     3878 <a href="chapter_4.2.html#minimum_tailpoint_distance"><b>distance</b></a></p>
     3879
     3880
     3881      </td>
     3882
     3883 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3884     
     3885      <p>P</p>
     3886
     3887 </td>
     3888
     3889 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3890     
     3891      <p>R</p>
     3892
     3893
     3894      </td>
     3895
     3896 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3897     
     3898      <p><i>0.0</i></p>
     3899
     3900 </td>
     3901
     3902 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3903     
     3904      <p>Minimum
    7413905distance allowed between two adjacent points of
    7423906a
    743 particle tail (in m). <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    744 <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#mixing_length_1d"><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span></a></td>
    745 <td>I</td> <td>C * 20</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_model'</span></td>
    746 <td>Mixing length used in the 1d-model.</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#mode_dvrp"><b>mode_dvrp</b></a></p>
    747 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    748 <p>P</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    749 * 20 (10)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>10 * ' '</i></p>
    750 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    751 <p>Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles)
     3907particle tail (in m). <br>
     3908
     3909 </p>
     3910
     3911 </td>
     3912
     3913 </tr>
     3914
     3915
     3916    <tr>
     3917
     3918 <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#mixing_length_1d"><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span></a></td>
     3919
     3920
     3921      <td>I</td>
     3922
     3923 <td>C * 20</td>
     3924
     3925 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_model'</span></td>
     3926
     3927
     3928      <td>Mixing length used in the 1d-model.</td>
     3929
     3930 </tr>
     3931
     3932 <tr valign="top">
     3933
     3934 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3935     
     3936      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#mode_dvrp"><b>mode_dvrp</b></a></p>
     3937
     3938
     3939      </td>
     3940
     3941 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3942     
     3943      <p>P</p>
     3944
     3945 </td>
     3946
     3947 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3948     
     3949      <p>C
     3950* 20 (10)</p>
     3951
     3952 </td>
     3953
     3954 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3955     
     3956      <p><i>10 * ' '</i></p>
     3957
     3958
     3959      </td>
     3960
     3961 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     3962     
     3963      <p>Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles)
    7523964which are
    7533965to be created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
    754 software. <br> </p> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#momentum_advec"><b>momentum_advec</b></a></p>
    755 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    756 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>C
    757 * 10</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%"> <p><i>'pw-scheme</i>'</p>
    758 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
    759 <p>Advection scheme to be used for the momentum equations.</p>
    760 </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#netcdf_precision"><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span></a></td>
    761 <td>I</td> <td>C * 20 (10)</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci</span><span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan</span><span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span></td> <td>Defines
    762 the accuracy of the NetCDF output.<br> </td> </tr> <tr>
    763 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#netcdf_64bit"><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_64bit</span></a></td>
    764 <td>R</td> <td>L</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> <td>NetCDF
    765 files will have 64 bit offset format.</td> </tr> <tr><td><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.2.html#netcdf_64bit_3d">netcdf_64bit_3d</a></td><td>R</td><td>L</td><td><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td><td>NetCDF
    766 files containing 3d volume data will have 64 bit offset format.</td></tr><tr valign="top"> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#ngsrb"><b>ngsrb</b></a></p>
    767 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    768 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    769 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    770 <p><i>2</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Grid
    771 level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.</p> </td> </tr>
    772 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    773 <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#normalizing_region"><b>normalizing_region</b></a></p>
    774 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    775 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    776 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    777 <p><i>0</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Determines
     3966software. <br>
     3967
     3968 </p>
     3969
     3970 </td>
     3971
     3972 </tr>
     3973
     3974  <tr>
     3975
     3976 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     3977     
     3978      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#momentum_advec"><b>momentum_advec</b></a></p>
     3979
     3980
     3981      </td>
     3982
     3983 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     3984     
     3985      <p>I</p>
     3986
     3987 </td>
     3988
     3989 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     3990     
     3991      <p>C
     3992* 10</p>
     3993
     3994 </td>
     3995
     3996 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     3997     
     3998      <p><i>'pw-scheme</i>'</p>
     3999
     4000
     4001      </td>
     4002
     4003 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4004     
     4005      <p>Advection scheme to be used for the momentum equations.</p>
     4006
     4007
     4008      </td>
     4009
     4010 </tr>
     4011
     4012 <tr>
     4013
     4014 <td><a href="chapter_4.1.html#netcdf_precision"><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span></a></td>
     4015
     4016
     4017      <td>I</td>
     4018
     4019 <td>C * 20 (10)</td>
     4020
     4021 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci</span><span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
     4022
     4023 <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan</span><span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span></td>
     4024
     4025 <td>Defines
     4026the accuracy of the NetCDF output.<br>
     4027
     4028 </td>
     4029
     4030 </tr>
     4031
     4032 <tr>
     4033
     4034
     4035      <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#netcdf_64bit"><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_64bit</span></a></td>
     4036
     4037
     4038      <td>R</td>
     4039
     4040 <td>L</td>
     4041
     4042 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     4043
     4044 <td>NetCDF
     4045files will have 64 bit offset format.</td>
     4046
     4047 </tr>
     4048
     4049 <tr>
     4050
     4051      <td><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.2.html#netcdf_64bit_3d">netcdf_64bit_3d</a></td>
     4052
     4053      <td>R</td>
     4054
     4055      <td>L</td>
     4056
     4057      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td>
     4058
     4059      <td>NetCDF
     4060files containing 3d volume data will have 64 bit offset format.</td>
     4061
     4062    </tr>
     4063
     4064    <tr valign="top">
     4065
     4066 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4067     
     4068      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#ngsrb"><b>ngsrb</b></a></p>
     4069
     4070
     4071      </td>
     4072
     4073 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4074     
     4075      <p>R</p>
     4076
     4077 </td>
     4078
     4079 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4080     
     4081      <p>I</p>
     4082
     4083
     4084      </td>
     4085
     4086 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4087     
     4088      <p><i>2</i></p>
     4089
     4090 </td>
     4091
     4092 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4093     
     4094      <p>Grid
     4095level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.</p>
     4096
     4097 </td>
     4098
     4099 </tr>
     4100
     4101
     4102    <tr>
     4103
     4104 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4105     
     4106      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#normalizing_region"><b>normalizing_region</b></a></p>
     4107
     4108
     4109      </td>
     4110
     4111 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4112     
     4113      <p>R</p>
     4114
     4115 </td>
     4116
     4117 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4118     
     4119      <p>I</p>
     4120
     4121
     4122      </td>
     4123
     4124 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4125     
     4126      <p><i>0</i></p>
     4127
     4128 </td>
     4129
     4130 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4131     
     4132      <p>Determines
    7784133the subdomain from which the normalization
    779 quantities are calculated. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    780 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    781 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#npex"><b>npex</b></a></p>
    782 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    783 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    784 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    785 <p>no default, see parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Number
     4134quantities are calculated. <br>
     4135
     4136 </p>
     4137
     4138 </td>
     4139
     4140 </tr>
     4141
     4142
     4143    <tr>
     4144
     4145 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4146     
     4147      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#npex"><b>npex</b></a></p>
     4148
     4149
     4150      </td>
     4151
     4152 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4153     
     4154      <p>I</p>
     4155
     4156 </td>
     4157
     4158 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4159     
     4160      <p>I</p>
     4161
     4162
     4163      </td>
     4164
     4165 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4166     
     4167      <p>no default, see parameter description</p>
     4168
     4169 </td>
     4170
     4171 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4172     
     4173      <p>Number
    7864174of processors along x-direction of the virtual
    7874175processor
    788 net. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#npey"><b>npey</b></a></p>
    789 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    790 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    791 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    792 <p>no default, see parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Number
     4176net. <br>
     4177
     4178 </p>
     4179
     4180 </td>
     4181
     4182 </tr>
     4183
     4184 <tr>
     4185
     4186 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4187     
     4188      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#npey"><b>npey</b></a></p>
     4189
     4190
     4191      </td>
     4192
     4193 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4194     
     4195      <p>I</p>
     4196
     4197 </td>
     4198
     4199 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4200     
     4201      <p>I</p>
     4202
     4203
     4204      </td>
     4205
     4206 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4207     
     4208      <p>no default, see parameter description</p>
     4209
     4210 </td>
     4211
     4212 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4213     
     4214      <p>Number
    7934215of processors along y-direction of the virtual
    7944216processor
    795 net. <br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#nsor"><b>nsor</b></a></p>
    796 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    797 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    798 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    799 <p><i>20</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Number
    800 of iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme. <br> </p> </td>
    801 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini"><b>nsor_ini</b></a></p>
    802 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    803 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    804 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    805 <p><i>100</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Initial
    806 number of iterations with the SOR algorithm</p> </td> </tr>
    807 <tr> <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups"><span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span></a></td>
    808 <td>P</td> <td>I</td> <td><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span></td> <td>Number
    809 of particle groups to be used.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx"><b>nx</b></a></p>
    810 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    811 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    812 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    813 <p>no default, see parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Number
    814 of grid points in x-direction. <br> </p> </td> </tr>
    815 <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
    816 <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny"><b>ny</b></a></p>
    817 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    818 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    819 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    820 <p>no default, see parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Number
    821 of grid points in y-direction.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    822 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><b>nz</b></a></p>
    823 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    824 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    825 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    826 <p>no default, see parameter description</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Number
    827 of grid points in z-direction.</p> </td> </tr> <tr>
    828 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#nz_do3d"><b>nz_do3d</b></a></p>
    829 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    830 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>I</p>
    831 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    832 <p><i>nz+1</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> Limits
     4217net. <br>
     4218
     4219 </p>
     4220
     4221 </td>
     4222
     4223 </tr>
     4224
     4225 <tr>
     4226
     4227 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4228     
     4229      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#nsor"><b>nsor</b></a></p>
     4230
     4231
     4232      </td>
     4233
     4234 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4235     
     4236      <p>R</p>
     4237
     4238 </td>
     4239
     4240 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4241     
     4242      <p>I</p>
     4243
     4244
     4245      </td>
     4246
     4247 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4248     
     4249      <p><i>20</i></p>
     4250
     4251 </td>
     4252
     4253 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4254     
     4255      <p>Number
     4256of iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme. <br>
     4257
     4258 </p>
     4259
     4260 </td>
     4261
     4262
     4263    </tr>
     4264
     4265 <tr>
     4266
     4267 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4268     
     4269      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini"><b>nsor_ini</b></a></p>
     4270
     4271
     4272      </td>
     4273
     4274 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4275     
     4276      <p>I</p>
     4277
     4278 </td>
     4279
     4280 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4281     
     4282      <p>I</p>
     4283
     4284
     4285      </td>
     4286
     4287 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4288     
     4289      <p><i>100</i></p>
     4290
     4291 </td>
     4292
     4293 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4294     
     4295      <p>Initial
     4296number of iterations with the SOR algorithm</p>
     4297
     4298 </td>
     4299
     4300 </tr>
     4301
     4302
     4303    <tr>
     4304
     4305 <td><a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups"><span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span></a></td>
     4306
     4307
     4308      <td>P</td>
     4309
     4310 <td>I</td>
     4311
     4312 <td><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span></td>
     4313
     4314 <td>Number
     4315of particle groups to be used.</td>
     4316
     4317 </tr>
     4318
     4319 <tr>
     4320
     4321 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4322     
     4323      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx"><b>nx</b></a></p>
     4324
     4325
     4326      </td>
     4327
     4328 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4329     
     4330      <p>I</p>
     4331
     4332 </td>
     4333
     4334 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4335     
     4336      <p>I</p>
     4337
     4338
     4339      </td>
     4340
     4341 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4342     
     4343      <p>no default, see parameter description</p>
     4344
     4345 </td>
     4346
     4347 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4348     
     4349      <p>Number
     4350of grid points in x-direction. <br>
     4351
     4352 </p>
     4353
     4354 </td>
     4355
     4356 </tr>
     4357
     4358
     4359    <tr>
     4360
     4361 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4362     
     4363      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny"><b>ny</b></a></p>
     4364
     4365
     4366      </td>
     4367
     4368 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4369     
     4370      <p>I</p>
     4371
     4372 </td>
     4373
     4374 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4375     
     4376      <p>I</p>
     4377
     4378
     4379      </td>
     4380
     4381 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4382     
     4383      <p>no default, see parameter description</p>
     4384
     4385 </td>
     4386
     4387 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4388     
     4389      <p>Number
     4390of grid points in y-direction.</p>
     4391
     4392 </td>
     4393
     4394 </tr>
     4395
     4396 <tr>
     4397
     4398
     4399      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4400     
     4401      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><b>nz</b></a></p>
     4402
     4403
     4404      </td>
     4405
     4406 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4407     
     4408      <p>I</p>
     4409
     4410 </td>
     4411
     4412 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4413     
     4414      <p>I</p>
     4415
     4416
     4417      </td>
     4418
     4419 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4420     
     4421      <p>no default, see parameter description</p>
     4422
     4423 </td>
     4424
     4425 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4426     
     4427      <p>Number
     4428of grid points in z-direction.</p>
     4429
     4430 </td>
     4431
     4432 </tr>
     4433
     4434 <tr>
     4435
     4436
     4437      <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4438     
     4439      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#nz_do3d"><b>nz_do3d</b></a></p>
     4440
     4441
     4442      </td>
     4443
     4444 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4445     
     4446      <p>R</p>
     4447
     4448 </td>
     4449
     4450 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4451     
     4452      <p>I</p>
     4453
     4454
     4455      </td>
     4456
     4457 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4458     
     4459      <p><i>nz+1</i></p>
     4460
     4461 </td>
     4462
     4463 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> Limits
    8334464the output of 3d volume data along the vertical direction (grid point
    834 index k).</td> </tr> <tr><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean"><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></a></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">L</td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Parameter to switch on&nbsp;ocean runs.</td></tr><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#omega"><b>omega</b></a></p>
    835 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    836 <p>I</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    837 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    838 <p><i>7.29212E-5</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Angular
     4465index k).</td>
     4466
     4467 </tr>
     4468
     4469 <tr>
     4470
     4471      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean"><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></a></td>
     4472
     4473      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">I</td>
     4474
     4475      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">L</td>
     4476
     4477      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
     4478
     4479      <td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Parameter to switch on&nbsp;ocean runs.</td>
     4480
     4481    </tr>
     4482
     4483    <tr>
     4484
     4485 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4486     
     4487      <p><a href="chapter_4.1.html#omega"><b>omega</b></a></p>
     4488
     4489
     4490      </td>
     4491
     4492 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4493     
     4494      <p>I</p>
     4495
     4496 </td>
     4497
     4498 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4499     
     4500      <p>R</p>
     4501
     4502
     4503      </td>
     4504
     4505 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4506     
     4507      <p><i>7.29212E-5</i></p>
     4508
     4509 </td>
     4510
     4511 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4512     
     4513      <p>Angular
    8394514velocity of the rotating system (in rad s<sup>-1</sup>).&nbsp;</p>
    840 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%"> <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#omega_sor"><b>omega_sor</b></a></p>
    841 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
    842 <p>R</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%"> <p>R</p>
    843 </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
    844 <p><i>1.8</i></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%"> <p>Convergence
    845 factor to be used with the the SOR-scheme. <br> </p> </td>
    846 </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><b><a href="chapter_4.2.html#outflow_damping_width"><b>outflow_damping_width</b></a></b></td>
    847 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    848 <td style="vertical-align: middle;">I<br> </td>
    849 <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20,
     4515
     4516
     4517      </td>
     4518
     4519 </tr>
     4520
     4521 <tr>
     4522
     4523 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="15%">
     4524     
     4525      <p><a href="chapter_4.2.html#omega_sor"><b>omega_sor</b></a></p>
     4526
     4527
     4528      </td>
     4529
     4530 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="5%">
     4531     
     4532      <p>R</p>
     4533
     4534 </td>
     4535
     4536 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="7%">
     4537     
     4538      <p>R</p>
     4539
     4540
     4541      </td>
     4542
     4543 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="16%">
     4544     
     4545      <p><i>1.8</i></p>
     4546
     4547 </td>
     4548
     4549 <td style="vertical-align: middle;" width="57%">
     4550     
     4551      <p>Convergence
     4552factor to be used with the the SOR-scheme. <br>
     4553