% $Id: program_control.tex 1649 2015-09-15 16:34:42Z hoffmann $ \input{header_tmp.tex} %\input{header_LECTURE.tex} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{ngerman} \usepackage{pgf} \usepackage{subfigure} \usepackage{units} \usepackage{multimedia} \usepackage{hyperref} \newcommand{\event}[1]{\newcommand{\eventname}{#1}} \usepackage{xmpmulti} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,decorations.pathreplacing} \def\Tiny{\fontsize{4pt}{4pt}\selectfont} \def\Tinytwo{\fontsize{3pt}{3pt}\selectfont} %---------- neue Pakete \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{multicol} \usepackage{pdfcomment} \usepackage{listings} \lstset{showspaces=false,language=fortran,basicstyle= \ttfamily,showstringspaces=false, captionpos=b,aboveskip=0pt,belowskip=0pt} \institute{Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universität Hannover} \selectlanguage{english} \date{last update: \today} \event{PALM Seminar} \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} \setbeamertemplate{footline} {% \begin{beamercolorbox}[rightskip=-0.1cm]& {\includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{imuk_logo.pdf}\hfill \includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{luh_logo.pdf}} \end{beamercolorbox} \begin{beamercolorbox}[ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,% leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=0.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}% {\leavevmode{\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor} \hfill \eventname \hfill \insertframenumber \; / \inserttotalframenumber}% \end{beamercolorbox}% % \begin{beamercolorbox}[colsep=1.5pt]{lower separation line foot}% % \end{beamercolorbox} }%\logo{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{luhimuk_logo.eps}} \title[Program Control by Physical Parameters]{Program Control by Physical Parameters} \author{PALM group} % Notes: % jede subsection bekommt einen punkt im menu (vertikal ausgerichtet. % jeder frame in einer subsection bekommt einen punkt (horizontal ausgerichtet) \begin{document} % Folie 1 \begin{frame} \titlepage \end{frame} \section{Program Control by Physical Parameters} \subsection{Program Control by Physical Parameters} % Folie 2 \begin{frame} \frametitle{Steering of PALM and Interpreting the Output} \begin{itemize} \item<1->{This section section describes how to steer the model and how to interpret the model output (\textbf{it does not explain, how to start and control model runs}).} \item<2->{It gives a general overview of the input and output files and explaines the contents of the most important files in some detail.} \end{itemize} \end{frame} % Folie 3 \begin{frame} \frametitle{PALM Input/Output Overview (I)} \tikzstyle{start} = [ellipse, draw, fill=green!20, font=\small] \tikzstyle{yellow1} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.2\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{yellow2} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.1\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{yellow3} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.03\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{red} = [rectangle, draw, fill=red!100, text width=0.1\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{red2} = [rectangle, draw, fill=red!100, text width=0.03\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{orange1} = [rectangle, draw, fill=orange!50, text width=0.1\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{orange2} = [rectangle, draw, fill=orange!50, text width=0.11\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{orange3} = [rectangle, draw, fill=orange!50, text width=0.03\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex'] \begin{tikzpicture} [auto] \node[start] (palm) {\textbf{PALM}}; \uncover<2->{\node[yellow1] (parameterfile) [above left=1.5cm of palm] {parameter file \\ for steering};} \uncover<6->{\node[red] (restartdata1) [above right=1.8cm of palm] {restart data};} \uncover<5->{\node[red] (restartdata2) [below=4.5cm of restartdata1] {restart data};} \uncover<4->{ \node[orange1] (timeseries) [below left=4.4cm of palm] {time series}; \node[orange2] (2dsectionstime) [right=0.5cm of timeseries] {2D sections \\ time averaged}; \node[orange2] (3ddatatime) [right=0.39cm of 2dsectionstime] {3D data \\ time averaged}; \path<4->[line] (palm) -- (timeseries); \path<4->[line] (palm) -- (2dsectionstime); \path<4->[line] (palm) -- (3ddatatime); \node[orange1] (1dmean) [above=0.2cm of timeseries] {1D mean \\ profiles}; \node[orange1] (2dsections) [right=0.5cm of 1dmean] {2D sections}; \node[orange1] (3ddata) [right=0.5cm of 2dsections] {3D data};} \path<4->[line] (palm) -- (1dmean); \path<4->[line] (palm) -- (2dsections); \path<4->[line] (palm) -- (3ddata); \uncover<3->{\node[yellow2] (headerfile) [above=0.5cm of 2dsections]{header file};} \uncover<3->{\node[yellow1] (runcontrol) [right=0.5cm of headerfile]{run control output\\ (parameter settings + \\ timestep informations)};} \uncover<3->{\node[yellow2] (cpumeasure) [left=0.5cm of headerfile]{cpu\\ measurements};} \node (program) [right=2.8cm of palm] {program}; \uncover<2->{\node (steeringdata) [right=0.45cm of restartdata1] {steering data};} \uncover<3->{\node (run) [right=2.7cm of runcontrol] {run informations};} \uncover<4->{\node (analysis) [right=3.8cm of 3ddata] {analysis data};} \uncover<7->{ \node[yellow3] (yellow) [below=0.5 of timeseries] {}; \node (ascii) [right=0.1cm of yellow] {ASCII}; \node[orange3] (orange) [right=0.4cm of ascii] {}; \node (netcdf) [right=0.1cm of orange] {netCDF}; \node[red2] (red) [right=0.4cm of netcdf] {}; \node (binary) [right=0.1cm of red] {binary};} \path<2->[line] (parameterfile) -- (palm); \path<3->[line] (palm) -- (cpumeasure); \path<3->[line] (palm) -- (headerfile); \path<3->[line] (palm) -- (runcontrol); \path<5->[line] (palm) -- (restartdata2); \path<6->[line] (restartdata1) -- (palm); \path<6->[line,dashed] (restartdata2) -- (restartdata1); \end{tikzpicture} \end{frame} % Folie 4 \begin{frame} \frametitle{PALM Input/Output Overview (II)} \tikzstyle{start} = [ellipse, draw, fill=green!20, font=\small] \tikzstyle{yellow1} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.2\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{yellow2} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.1\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{yellow3} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!20, text width=0.03\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{yellow4} = [rectangle, draw, fill=yellow!100, text width=1.8cm, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{red} = [rectangle, draw, fill=red!100, text width=0.1\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{red2} = [rectangle, draw, fill=red!100, text width=0.03\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{orange1} = [rectangle, draw, fill=orange!50, text width=0.1\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{orange2} = [rectangle, draw, fill=orange!50, text width=0.11\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{orange3} = [rectangle, draw, fill=orange!50, text width=0.03\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -] \begin{tikzpicture} [auto] \node[start] (palm) {\textbf{PALM}}; \node[yellow1] (parameterfile) [above left=1cm of palm] {parameter file \\ for steering}; \node[red] (restartdata1) [above right=1.3cm of palm] {restart data}; \node[red] (restartdata2) [below=2.5cm of restartdata1] {restart data}; \node[yellow1] (runcontrol) [below=0.4cm of palm]{run control output\\ (parameter settings + \\ timestep informations)}; \node[yellow2] (headerfile) [left=0.5cm of runcontrol]{header file}; \node[yellow2] (cpumeasure) [left=0.5cm of headerfile]{cpu\\ measurements}; \node[orange1] (1dmean) [below=0.3cm of cpumeasure] {1D mean \\ profiles}; \node[orange1] (2dsections) [right=0.5cm of 1dmean] {2D sections}; \node[orange1] (3ddata) [right=0.5cm of 2dsections] {3D data}; \node[orange1] (timeseries) [below=0.2cm of 1dmean] {time series}; \node[orange2] (2dsectionstime) [right=0.5cm of timeseries] {2D sections \\ time averaged}; \node[orange2] (3ddatatime) [right=0.39cm of 2dsectionstime] {3D data \\ time averaged}; \node (program) [right=2.8cm of palm] {program}; \node (steeringdata) [right=0.8cm of restartdata1] {steering data}; \node (run) [right=2.5cm of runcontrol] {run informations}; \node (analysis) [right=3.6cm of 3ddata] {analysis data}; \node[yellow3] (yellow) [below=0.3 of timeseries] {}; \node (ascii) [right=0.1cm of yellow] {ASCII}; \node[orange3] (orange) [right=0.4cm of ascii] {}; \node (netcdf) [right=0.1cm of orange] {netCDF}; \node[red2] (red) [right=0.4cm of netcdf] {}; \node (binary) [right=0.1cm of red] {binary}; %--------- neue Ordner \uncover<2->{ \node[yellow4] (currentversion) [above=0.6cm of parameterfile] {current\_version/}; \node[yellow4] (jobs) [right=0.3cm of currentversion] {JOBS/}; \node[yellow4] (runidentifier) [right=0.4cm of jobs] {\textless run\_identifier \textgreater/}; \node[yellow4] (input) [above right=1cm of runidentifier] {INPUT/}; \node[yellow4] (monitoring) [below=0.1cm of input] {MONITORING/}; \node[yellow4] (output) [below=0.1cm of monitoring] {OUTPUT/}; \node[yellow4] (restart) [below=0.1cm of output] {RESTART\_DATA/};} \uncover<3->{\node[yellow4] (input2) [below=0.1cm of parameterfile] {INPUT/};} \uncover<4->{\node[yellow4] (monitoring2) [above=0.6cm of headerfile] {MONITORING/};} \uncover<6->{\node[yellow4] (restart2) [below=0.1cm of restartdata1] {RESTART\_DATA/};} \uncover<7->{\node[yellow4] (tmpdata) [below=0.1cm of restart2] {/tmp\_data\_catalog/};} \uncover<5->{\node[yellow4] (output2) [below=0.5cm of restartdata2] {OUTPUT/};} \path[line]<2-> (currentversion) -- (jobs); \path[line]<2-> (jobs) -- (runidentifier); \path[line]<2-> (runidentifier.east) -- (input.west); \path[line]<2-> (runidentifier.east) -- (monitoring.west); \path[line]<2-> (runidentifier.east) -- (output.west); \path[line]<2-> (runidentifier.east) -- (restart.west); \draw<4->[decorate,decoration={brace,raise=6pt,amplitude=9pt},thick] (-4.5,-0.95)--(-1,-0.95) ; \draw<5->[decorate,decoration={brace,mirror,raise=5pt,amplitude=6pt},thick] (0.45,-3)--(0.45,-1.9) ; \end{tikzpicture} \end{frame} % Folie 5 \begin{frame} \frametitle{The Parameter File} \tikzstyle{box} = [rectangle, draw, text width=0.9\textwidth, font=\tiny] \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, thick, -latex'] \footnotesize \begin{itemize} \item<1->{Physical and numerical features of a PALM run (e.g. initial and boundary conditions, numerical methods) are controlled by a so called \textbf{parameter file} which uses FORTRAN-NAMELIST syntax.} \item<2->{General structure of a FORTRAN-NAMELIST file} \end{itemize} \begin{tikzpicture}[auto] \uncover<3->{ \node[box](firstbox){ \begin{tabbing} \quad \&abcd \quad \=no\_of\_eggs = 100, litres\_of\_milk = 50.0, \= \\ \>kilos\_of\_butter = 20.0, \> / \end{tabbing}}; \node[font=\tiny] (leading_blank) at (-5,0.8) {\textbf{leading blank}}; \node[font=\tiny] (namelist) at (-2,0.8) {\textbf{NAMELIST group}}; \node[font=\tiny] (terminating) at (3,0.8) {\textbf{terminating character}}; \path[line] (-5,0.7) -- (-4.8,0); \path[line] (-2,0.7) -- (-4,0); \path[line] (3,0.7) -- (0.2,-0.3);} \end{tikzpicture} \begin{itemize} \item<4->{This file can be read from a FORTRAN program in the following way:} \end{itemize} \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0] \uncover<4->{ \node[box](secondbox){ \begin{tabbing} INTEGER :: \=no\_of\_eggs = 30 \\ REAL :: \> litres\_of\_milk = 0.0, kilos\_of\_butter, kilos\_of\_cream = 33.0 \\ \\ NAMELIST /abcd/ \quad no\_of\_eggs, litres\_of\_milk, kilos\_of\_butter, kilos\_of\_cream \\ \\ OPEN ( 1, FILE='Filename' ) \\ \\ READ ( 1, abcd ) \end{tabbing}};} \end{tikzpicture} \normalsize \end{frame} % Folie 6 \begin{frame} \frametitle{An Example of PALM - NAMELIST Input} \tikzstyle{box} = [rectangle, draw, text width=\textwidth, font=\tiny] \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0] \node[box](box){ \begin{tabbing} \&inipar \=nx = 39, ny = 39, nz = 40, \\ \>dx = 50.0, dy = 50.0, dz = 50.0, \\ \\ \>initializing\_actions = 'set\_constant\_profiles', \\ \>ug\_surface = 0.0, vg\_surface = 0.0, \\ \\ \>pt\_vertical\_gradient \qquad = 0.0, 1.0, \\ \>pt\_vertical\_gradient\_level = 0.0, 800.0, \\ \\ \>surface\_heatflux = 0.1, bc\_pt\_b ='neumann', / \\ \\ \\ \&d3par \>end\_time = 3600.0, \\ \\ \>dt\_dopr = 900.0, averaging\_interval\_pr = 600.0, \\ \>data\_output\_pr = 'pt', 'u', 'v', / \\ \end{tabbing}}; \end{tikzpicture} \footnotesize \vspace{-3mm} \begin{itemize} \item<2->{There are two NAMELIST groups ({\tt \&inipar} and {\tt \&d3par}).} \item<3->{Assignments to parameters in {\tt\&inipar} are ignored within restart runs \\ (exception: {\tt initializing\_actions} = {\tt'read\_restart\_data'} is obligatory for restart runs).} \item<4->{Values of {\tt \&d3par} parameters can be changed for restart runs.} \end{itemize} \end{frame} % Folie 7 \begin{frame}[fragile] \tikzstyle{green} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!30, text width=2.1\textwidth, font=\Tinytwo] \frametitle{The Run Control File} \scriptsize \begin{itemize} \item<1->{For initial runs, the parameter settings and many additional informations about the run (header informations) are printed at the beginning of this file.} \item<2->{The parameter settings are followed by values of specific model variables for certain timesteps (one line for each timestep, the output intervall can be controlled by run parameter {\tt dt\_run\_control}).} \end{itemize} \onslide<3->{\textbf{Contents of this timestep output should be carefully checked after each run, because it allows a first control, if the model had run correctly, or if any errors have occurred!}} \par\bigskip \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.51, every node/.style={scale=0.51}] \node [green]{\begin{lstlisting} ****************************** -------------------------------------------- * PALM 4.0 Rev: 1648 * atmosphere - 3D - run without 1D - prerun ****************************** -------------------------------------------- Date: 15-09-15 Run: example_cbl Time: 17:34:44 Run-No.: 00 Run on host: lcmuk Number of PEs: 4 Processor grid (x,y): ( 2, 2) calculated ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . . Run-control output: ------------------ RUN ITER. HH:MM:SS.SS DT(E) UMAX VMAX WMAX U* W* THETA* Z_I ENERG. DISTENERG DIVOLD DIVNEW UMAX(KJI) VMAX(KJI) WMAX(KJI) ADVECX ADVECY MGCYC --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 00:00:00.00 20.0000A -0.2192D -0.2169D -0.1214 0.000 1.38 0.000E+00 800. 0.106E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 11 32 5 5 37 29 4 26 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 1 00:00:20.00 20.0000A -0.2192 -0.2169 -0.1214 0.001 0.69 -0.124E+03 100. 0.105E-02 0.948E-03 0.491E-05 0.355E-15 11 32 5 5 37 29 4 26 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 2 00:00:40.00 20.0000D -0.2151 -0.2176 -0.1209 0.001 0.69 -0.125E+03 100. 0.104E-02 0.940E-03 0.802E-05 0.359E-15 11 32 5 5 37 29 4 26 0 0.000 0.000 0 . . \end{lstlisting} }; \end{tikzpicture} \end{frame} % Folie 8 \begin{frame}[fragile] \tikzstyle{green} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!30, text width=0.9\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \frametitle{The Header File} \scriptsize \begin{itemize} \item{The header file contains nearly the same informations as the header of the run control file of the initial run.} \item<2->{It is generated for \textbf{every} run (initial run as well as restart runs).} \item<3->{It is created at the beginning \textbf{and} at the end of a run (overwrites the file created at beginning).} \item<4->{Only at the end, cpu time information is included!} \end{itemize} \begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1, every node/.style={scale=1}] \node [green]{\begin{lstlisting} . . . Run time and time step information: ---------------------------------- Timestep: variable maximum value: 20.000 s CFL-factor: 0.90 Start time: 0.000 s End time: 3600.000 s Time reached: 3601.930 s CPU-time used: 4.391 s per timestep: 0.017 s per second of simulated time: 0.001 s Computational grid and domain size: ---------------------------------- Grid length: dx = 50.000 m dy = 50.000 m dz = 50.000 m . . . \end{lstlisting} }; \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \normalsize \end{frame} % Folie 9 \begin{frame}[fragile] \tikzstyle{green} = [rectangle, draw, fill=green!30, text width=1.4\textwidth, font=\Tiny] \frametitle{CPU Measurements File} \begin{columns}[c] \column{0.42\textwidth} \scriptsize \begin{itemize} \item{Contains informations about the CPU requirements of single parts of the program.} \item<2->{It should be inspected regularly in order to find out, if the code is still well optimized (e.g. load balance).} \item<3->{Prognostic-equations and pressure solver ({\tt pres}) should be the main consumer.} \item<4->{For larger grids ($1024^3$ points), {\tt pres} may need up to 50\% of the total time or more.} \item<5->{Time needed for communication (sum of {\tt exchange\_horiz}({\tt \_2d}) and {\tt mpi\_alltoall}) should not exceed about 10-15\% of the total time.} \end{itemize} \normalsize \column{0.58\textwidth} \vspace{-5mm} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.75, every node/.style={scale=0.75}] \node [green]{\begin{lstlisting} PALM 4.0 Rev: 1648 run: example_cbl.00 host: lcmuk 15-09-15 17:34:44 ----------- CPU measures for 4 PEs ( 2(x) * 2(y) tasks * 1 threads): gridpoints (x/y/z): 40 * 40 * 40 nr of timesteps: 253 cpu time per grid point and timestep: 0.57070 * 10**-6 s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- place: mean counts min max rms sec. % sec. sec. sec. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ total 9.241 100.00 1 9.241 9.241 0.000 all progn.equations 5.899 63.83 759 5.827 5.977 0.056 pres 1.508 16.32 760 1.506 1.508 0.002 diffusivities 0.632 6.84 759 0.624 0.642 0.006 exchange-horiz-progn 0.412 4.45 759 0.333 0.441 0.056 flow_statistics 0.270 2.92 254 0.269 0.271 0.001 calculate_timestep 0.205 2.21 253 0.150 0.223 0.031 prandtl_fluxes 0.150 1.63 759 0.148 0.153 0.002 sum_up_3d_data 0.016 0.17 146 0.016 0.016 0.000 initialisation 0.014 0.15 1 0.014 0.014 0.000 disturb_field 0.006 0.06 10 0.005 0.006 0.001 data_output_2d 0.004 0.04 10 0.003 0.004 0.000 data_output_tseries 0.003 0.04 253 0.000 0.000 0.006 run_control 0.003 0.03 254 0.000 0.000 0.005 swap_timelevel 0.001 0.01 759 0.001 0.001 0.000 last actions 0.001 0.01 1 0.000 0.001 0.000 average_3d_data 0.000 0.00 2 0.000 0.000 0.000 user_actions 0.000 0.00 759 0.000 0.000 0.000 data_output_profiles 0.000 0.00 4 0.000 0.000 0.000 special measures: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- timesteps 9.222 99.80 253 9.222 9.222 0.000 poisfft 0.871 9.42 760 0.868 0.873 0.002 exchange_horiz 0.588 6.37 6866 0.505 0.619 0.058 divergence 0.259 2.81 1520 0.258 0.261 0.001 fft_y 0.239 2.59 760 0.236 0.244 0.003 fft_x 0.238 2.58 760 0.236 0.243 0.002 transpo forward 0.195 2.12 760 0.187 0.202 0.006 mpi_alltoall 0.162 1.75 4560 0.148 0.169 0.008 transpo invers 0.113 1.22 760 0.109 0.114 0.002 tridia 0.083 0.90 760 0.082 0.084 0.000 exchange_horiz_2d 0.040 0.44 3795 0.034 0.046 0.005 \end{lstlisting} }; \end{tikzpicture} \end{columns} \end{frame} % Folie 10 \begin{frame} \frametitle{Other Files} \small \begin{itemize} \item<1->{Data output files (1D profiles and timeseries, 2D cross sections, 3D volume data) are by default in \textbf{netCDF} format which is suitable to be processed by public domain graphics software like \textbf{ncview}, \textbf{ferret}, \textbf{ncl} (used by PALM group), \textbf{IDL}, etc. \\ \par\bigskip For a first look, {\tt ncview} is a convenient tool.} \item<2->{{\tt ncdump} can be used to display the netCDF file contents in ASCII format ({\tt ncdump -c} displays only header informations).} \item<3->{The simple viewer for netCDF-data - {\tt ncview} - as well as ncl graphic software is available on the notebooks and on the IMUK-cluster.} \end{itemize} \end{frame} % Folie 11 \begin{frame} \frametitle{Steering by Unix Environment Variables} \scriptsize Most features of PALM are controlled by the parameter file but a few are exclusively controlled by unix environment variables. The most important one is {\tt write\_binary}. \\ \par\bigskip Setting \\ \par\medskip {\centering \texttt{ write\_binary = true} \\ \par\medskip within the shell causes PALM to write binary data for restart runs at the end of a run.} \par\bigskip \uncover<2->{Setting of these environment variables is automatically done by {\tt mrun}. It generates a local file (named {\tt ENVPAR}) in FORTRAN-NAMELIST-format, which is then read by PALM. This file includes the following variables:} \\ \par\bigskip \tiny \uncover<3->{ \begin{tabular}{|p{3cm}|p{4cm}|p{3cm}|} \hline \textbf{Variable} & \textbf{Meaning} & \textbf{Value set by {\tt mrun}-option} \\ \hline {\tt host} & host identifier that mrun is using for the host on which the job is running & {\tt -h} \\ {\tt maximum\_cpu\_time\_allowed} & cpu time allowed for the job & {\tt -t} \\ {\tt run\_identifier} & identification string for the run & {\tt -d} \\ {\tt tasks\_per\_node} & number of MPI tasks to be started on each node & {\tt -T} \\ {\tt write\_binary} & switch for writing binary data to be used for restart runs & {\tt -r} (+setting in configuration file {\tt .mrun.config)} \\ \hline \end{tabular}} \normalsize \end{frame} % Folie 12 \begin{frame} \frametitle{PALM / netCDF Documentation} \begin{itemize} \item<1->{A detailed description of how to use PALM and a complete list of steering parameters and their meaning can be found on the PALM-server: \\ \par\bigskip \textbf{http://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/wiki/doc/toc}} \par\bigskip \item<2->{General information about the netCDF data format can be found under \\ \par\bigskip \textbf{http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/}} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \end{document}