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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4465

Last change on this file since 4465 was 4465, checked in by maronga, 4 years ago
added output of rotor and tower diameters and removed ASCII output in wind turbine model
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 146.1 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4465 2020-03-20 11:35:48Z maronga $
28	! Removed old ASCII outputm, some syntax layout adjustments, added output for
29	! rotor and tower diameters. Added warning message in case of NetCDF 3 (no
30	! WTM output file will be produced).
31	!
32	! 4460 2020-03-12 16:47:30Z oliver.maas
33	! allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
34	!
35	! 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas
36	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
37	!
38	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
39	! use statement for exchange horiz added
40	!
41	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
42	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
43	!
44	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
45	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
46	!
47	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
48	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
49	!
50	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
51	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number
52	! of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
53	!
54	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
55	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
56	!
57	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
58	! Added output control for wind turbine model
59	!
60	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
61	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
62	!
63	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
64	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
65	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
66	!
67	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
68	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
69	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
70	!
71	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
72	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
73	! greater than dlen
74	!
75	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
76	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
77	!
78	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
79	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
80	! torque and power values
81	!
82	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
83	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
84	!
85	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
86	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
87	!
88	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
89	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
90	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
91	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
92	!
93	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
94	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
95	! of additional debug messages
96	!
97	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
98	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
99	!
100	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
101	! instrumented with openmp directives
102	!
103	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
104	! unused variables removed
105	!
106	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
107	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
108	!
109	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
110	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
111	!
112	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
113	! Initial revision
114	!
115	!
116	! Description:
117	! ------------
118	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
119	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
120	!> (ADM-R).
121	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
122	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
123	!> yaw.
124	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
125	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
126	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
127	!> automatically).
128	!>
129	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
130	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
131	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
132	!> @todo Generate header information
133	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
134	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
135	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
136	!> @todo Include additional output variables
137	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
138	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
139	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
140	!
141	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
142	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
143
144	USE arrays_3d, &
145	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
146
147	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
148	ONLY: pi
149
150	USE control_parameters, &
151	ONLY: coupling_char, &
152	debug_output, &
153	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, time_since_reference_point,&
154	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
155
156	USE cpulog, &
157	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
158
159	USE data_output_module
160
161	USE grid_variables, &
162	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
163
164	USE indices, &
165	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
166	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
167
168	USE kinds
169
170	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
171	ONLY: check_existence, &
172	close_input_file, &
173	get_variable, &
174	input_pids_wtm, &
175	inquire_num_variables, &
176	inquire_variable_names, &
177	input_file_wtm, &
178	num_var_pids, &
179	open_read_file, &
180	pids_id, &
181	vars_pids
182
183	USE pegrid
184
185
186	IMPLICIT NONE
187
188	PRIVATE
189
190	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: n_turbines_max = 10000 !< maximum number of turbines (for array allocation)
191
192	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
193	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
194
195	!
196	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
197
198	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
199	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
200
201
202	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
203	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
204	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
205	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
206
207	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
208	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
209	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
210	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
211
212	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
213
214	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
215	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
216
217
218	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
219	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
220	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
221	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
222	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
223	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
224
225
226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
232	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
235	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
237
238	!
239	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
240	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
241
242	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
243	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
244	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
245	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
246	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
247	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
248	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
249	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
250	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
251	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
252	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
253	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
254	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
255	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
256
257
258	!
259	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
260
261	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
262	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
263	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
264
265
266	!
267	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
268
269	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
270	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
271	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
272	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
273	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
274
275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
276
277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
279	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
280	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
282	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
283	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
284	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
285
286	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
287
288	!
289	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
290	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
291	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
292	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
293	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
294	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
295	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
296
297	!
298	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
303
304	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
305	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
306
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
309
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
312
313	!
314	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
315
316	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
317	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
318	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
319	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
320	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
321	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
322	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
323	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
324	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
325	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
326	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
327	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
328	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
329	!
330	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
331	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
332	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
333	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
334	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
335	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
336
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
346
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
349
350	!
351	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
358
359	!
360	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
364
365	!
366	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
370
371	!
372	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
376
377	!
378	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
382	!
383	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
385
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
395
396	!
397	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
398
399	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
400
401	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
402	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
403	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
404	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
405	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
406	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
407	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
408	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
409
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(n_turbines_max) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
411
412	!
413	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
414
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
425	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
426	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
427	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
428
429	!
430	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
436	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
438
439
440	SAVE
441
442
443	INTERFACE wtm_parin
444	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
445	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
446
447	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
448	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
449	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
450
451	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
452	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
453	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
454
455	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
456	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
457	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
458
459	INTERFACE wtm_init
460	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
461	END INTERFACE wtm_init
462
463	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
464	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
465	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
466
467	INTERFACE wtm_actions
468	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
469	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
470	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
471
472	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
473	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
474	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
475
476	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
477	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
478	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
479
480
481	PUBLIC &
482	dt_data_output_wtm, &
483	time_wtm, &
484	wind_turbine
485
486	PUBLIC &
487	wtm_parin, &
488	wtm_check_parameters, &
489	wtm_data_output, &
490	wtm_init_arrays, &
491	wtm_init_output, &
492	wtm_init, &
493	wtm_actions, &
494	wtm_rrd_global, &
495	wtm_wrd_global
496
497
498	CONTAINS
499
500
501	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
502	! Description:
503	! ------------
504	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
506	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
507
508	IMPLICIT NONE
509
510	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
511
512	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
513	air_density, tower_diameter, dt_data_output_wtm, &
514	gear_efficiency, gear_ratio, generator_efficiency, &
515	generator_inertia, rotor_inertia, yaw_misalignment_max, &
516	generator_torque_max, generator_torque_rate_max, yaw_misalignment_min, &
517	region_15_min, region_2_min, n_airfoils, n_turbines, &
518	rotor_speed, yaw_angle, pitch_angle, pitch_control, &
519	generator_speed_rated, generator_power_rated, hub_x, hub_y, hub_z,&
520	nacelle_radius, rotor_radius, segment_length_tangential, segment_width_radial, &
521	region_2_slope, speed_control, tilt_angle, time_turbine_on, &
522	tower_cd, pitch_rate, &
523	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tip_loss_correction
524	! , nacelle_cd
525
526	!
527	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
528	REWIND ( 11 )
529	line = ' '
530	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
531	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
532	ENDDO
533	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
534
535	!
536	!-- Read user-defined namelist
537	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
538	!
539	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
540	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
541
542	GOTO 12
543
544	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
545	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
546	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
547
548	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
549
550	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
551
552
553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
554	! Description:
555	! ------------
556	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
557	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
558	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
559
560
561	IMPLICIT NONE
562
563
564	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
565	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
566
567	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
568	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
569
570	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
571	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
572
573	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
574	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
575
576	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
577	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
578
579	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
580	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
581
582	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
583	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
584
585	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
586	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
587
588	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
589	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
593
594
595	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
596
597
598	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
599	! Description:
600	! ------------
601	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
602	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
603	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
604
605
606	USE control_parameters, &
607	ONLY: length, restart_string
608
609
610	IMPLICIT NONE
611
612	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
613
614
615	found = .TRUE.
616
617
618	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
619
620	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
621	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
622	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
623	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
624	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
625	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
626	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
627	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
628	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
629	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
630	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
631	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
632	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
633	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
634	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
635	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
636	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
637	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
638	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
639	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
640
641	CASE DEFAULT
642
643	found = .FALSE.
644
645	END SELECT
646
647
648	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
649
650
651	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
652	! Description:
653	! ------------
654	!> Check namelist parameter
655	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
656	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
657
658	IMPLICIT NONE
659
660	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
661	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
662	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
663	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
664	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
665	ENDIF
666
667	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
668	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
669	'a value equal or larger than zero'
670	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
671	ENDIF
672
673
674	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
675	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
676	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
677
678	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z ' // &
679	'have to be given for each turbine.'
680	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
681	ENDIF
682	ENDIF
683
684	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
685	!
686
687	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
688	! Description:
689	! ------------
690	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
691	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
692	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
693
694	IMPLICIT NONE
695
696	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
697	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
698
699	#if defined( __netcdf )
700	!
701	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists
702	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
703
704	!
705	!-- Open the wtm input file
706	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
707	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
708
709	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
710
711	!
712	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
713	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
714	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
715
716	!
717	!-- Input of all wtm parameters
718	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
719	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines))
720	ENDIF
721
722	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
723	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines))
724	ENDIF
725
726	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
727	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines))
728	ENDIF
729
730	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
731	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines))
732	ENDIF
733
734	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
735	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines))
736	ENDIF
737
738	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
739	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines))
740	ENDIF
741
742	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
743	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines))
744	ENDIF
745
746	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
747	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines))
748	ENDIF
749
750	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
751	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines))
752	ENDIF
753	!
754	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
755	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines))
756	! ENDIF
757
758	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
759	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines))
760	ENDIF
761	!
762	!-- Close wtm input file
763	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
764
765	ENDIF
766	#endif
767
768	!
769	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
770	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
771
772	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
773	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
774
775	nrings(:) = 0
776	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
777
778	!
779	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
780	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
781	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
782	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
783
784	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
785	!
786	!-- Determine number of rings:
787	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
788
789	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
790
791	ENDDO
792
793	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
794
795	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
796	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
797
798	nsegs(:,:) = 0
799	nsegs_total(:) = 0
800
801
802	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
803	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
804	!
805	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
806	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
807	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
808	delta_t_factor ) )
809	ENDDO
810	!
811	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
812	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
813
814	ENDDO
815
816	!
817	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
818	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
819
820	!!
821	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
822	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
823	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
824	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
825	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
826	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
827	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
828	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
829	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
830	! ENDIF
831
832
833	!
834	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
835	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
836	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
837	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
838	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
839	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
840	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
841	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
842	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
843
844	!
845	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
846	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
847	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
848	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
849	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
850	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
851	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
852
853	!
854	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
855	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
856	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
857	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
858	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
859	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
860	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
861	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
865
866	!
867	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
868	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
869	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
870	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
871	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
872	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
873	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
874
875	!
876	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
877	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
878	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
879	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
880
881	!
882	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
883	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
884	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
885	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
886	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
887	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
888	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
889	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
890	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
891
892	!
893	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
894	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
895	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
896	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
897	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
898	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
899	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
900
901	!
902	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
903	i_hub(:) = 0
904	i_smear(:) = 0
905	j_hub(:) = 0
906	j_smear(:) = 0
907	k_hub(:) = 0
908	k_smear(:) = 0
909
910	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
911	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
912
913	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
914	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
915	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
916	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
917	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
918	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
919	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
920	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
921	ENDIF
922
923	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
924	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
925	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
926	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
927	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
928	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
929
930	!
931	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
932	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
933	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
934	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
935	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
936	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
937	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
938	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
939	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
940	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
941	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
942
943	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
944	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
945	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
946	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
949
950	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
951	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
952	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
953
954	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
955	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
956	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
957	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
960	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
961	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
962
963	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
964	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
965	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
966	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
967	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
968	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
969
970
971	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
972
973
974	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
975	! Description:
976	! ------------
977	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
978	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
979	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
980
981
982	USE control_parameters, &
983	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
984
985	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
986	ONLY: exchange_horiz
987
988	IMPLICIT NONE
989
990
991
992	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
993	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
994	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
995
996
997	!
998	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
999	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1000
1001	!
1002	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
1003	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1004	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1005
1006	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1007
1008	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1009	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1010	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1011	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1012
1013	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1014
1015	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1016	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1017	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1018	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1019
1020	!
1021	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1022	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1023	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1025	!
1026	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1027	!-- be calculated:
1028
1029	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1030	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1031	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1032	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1033	!
1034	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1035	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1036	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1037	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1038	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1039	!
1040	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1041	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1042	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1043	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1044	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) + &
1045	MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + &
1046	eps_min) THEN
1047	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1048	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1049	'greater than ',MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) &
1050	+ MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + eps_min
1051	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1052	ENDIF
1053	!
1054	!-- Square of eps_min:
1055	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1056	!
1057	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1058	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1059	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1060	!
1061	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1062	!-- function:
1063	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1064
1065	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1066	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1067
1068	!
1069	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1070	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1071	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1072	ENDIF
1073
1074
1075	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1076	!
1077	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1078	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1079
1080	!
1081	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1082	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1083	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1084	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1085
1086	!
1087	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1088	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1089	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1090	!-- function of eps_min:
1091	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1092	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1093	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1094
1095	ENDDO
1096
1097	!
1098	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1099	!-- rotor_speed for the respective processor.
1100	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1101
1102	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1103
1104	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1105
1106	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1107
1108	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1109	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1110	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1111	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1112	ENDIF
1113
1114	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1115	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1116	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1117	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1118	ENDIF
1119
1120	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1121	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1122	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1123	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1124	ENDIF
1125
1126	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1127	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1128	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1129	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1130	ENDIF
1131
1132	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1133	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1134
1135	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1136
1137	ENDIF
1138	ENDIF
1139
1140	END DO
1141
1142	ENDIF
1143
1144	ENDIF
1145
1146	!
1147	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1148	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1149	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1151	!
1152	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1153	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1154
1155	!
1156	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1157	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1158	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1159
1160	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1161
1162	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1163
1164
1165	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1166	!
1167	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1168	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1169	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1170	i = i_hub(inot)
1171
1172	!
1173	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1174	!-- grid point indices):
1175	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1176	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1177	!
1178	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1179	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1180	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1181	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1182	!-- in grid box 1.
1183	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1184	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1185
1186	!
1187	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1188	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1189	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1190	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1191
1192	!
1193	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1194	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1195	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1196
1197	DO j = nys, nyn
1198	!
1199	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1200	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1201
1202	DO k = nzb, nzt
1203
1204	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1205	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1206	!
1207	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1208	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1209	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1210	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1211	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1212	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1213	tower_cd(inot)
1214	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1215	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1216	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1217	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1218	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1219	tower_cd(inot)
1220	!
1221	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1222	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1223	ELSE
1224	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1225	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1226	dy * tower_cd(inot)
1227	ENDIF
1228	!
1229	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1230	ELSE
1231	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1232	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1233	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1234	ENDIF
1235	!
1236	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1237	!-- are carried out:
1238	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1239
1240	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1241	!
1242	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1243	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1244	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1245	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1246	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) &
1247	) * tower_cd(inot)
1248	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1249	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1250	( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1251	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1252	) * tower_cd(inot)
1253	!
1254	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1255	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1256	ELSE
1257	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1258	tower_cd(inot)
1259	ENDIF
1260	!
1261	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1262	ELSE
1263	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * &
1264	tower_cd(inot)
1265	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1266
1267	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1268
1269	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1270
1271	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1272
1273	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1274
1275	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1276
1277
1278	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1279
1280	!
1281	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1282	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1283	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1284	!!
1285	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1286	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1287	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1288	!
1289	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1290	!
1291	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1292	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1293	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1294	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1295	!!
1296	!!-- bottom intersection point
1297	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1298	!!
1299	!!-- top intersection point
1300	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1301	! ELSE
1302	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1303	! ENDIF
1304	! ENDDO
1305	!
1306	!
1307	! DO j = nys, nyn
1308	!!
1309	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1310	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1311	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1312	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1313	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1314	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1315	!!
1316	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1317	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1318	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1319	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1320	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1321	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1322	!!
1323	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1324	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1325	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1326	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1327	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1328	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1329	! dz_int = dz
1330	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1331	!!
1332	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1333	!!-- within the current grid box:
1334	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1335	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1336	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1337	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1338	! ENDIF
1339	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1340	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1341	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1342	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1343	! ENDIF
1344	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1345	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1346	! ENDIF
1347	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1348	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1349	! ENDIF
1350	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1351	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1352	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1353	! ENDIF
1354	! ENDDO
1355	! ENDIF
1356	! ENDDO
1357	! ENDIF
1358	!
1359	! ENDDO
1360	!
1361	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1362
1363	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1364
1365	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1366	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1367
1368	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1369
1370	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1371
1372	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1373
1374
1375
1376	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1377
1378
1379	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1380	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1381	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1382
1383	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1384
1385	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1386
1387
1388	!
1389	!-- Create NetCDF output file
1390	#if defined( __netcdf4 )
1391	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1392	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1393	#else
1394	message_string = 'Wind turbine model output requires NetCDF version 4. ' //&
1395	'No output file will be created.'
1396	CALL message( 'wtm_init_output', 'PA0672', &
1397	0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1398	#endif
1399	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1400	!
1401	!-- Define dimensions in output file
1402	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1403	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1404	ndim(n) = n
1405	ENDDO
1406	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1407	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1408	output_type = 'int32', &
1409	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1410	values_int32 = ndim )
1411	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1412
1413	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1414	dimension_name = 'time', &
1415	output_type = 'real32', &
1416	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1417	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1418
1419	variable_name = 'x'
1420	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1421	variable_name = variable_name, &
1422	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1423	output_type = 'real32' )
1424
1425	variable_name = 'y'
1426	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1427	variable_name = variable_name, &
1428	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1429	output_type = 'real32' )
1430
1431	variable_name = 'z'
1432	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1433	variable_name = variable_name, &
1434	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1435	output_type = 'real32' )
1436
1437
1438	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter'
1439	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1440	variable_name = variable_name, &
1441	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1442	output_type = 'real32' )
1443
1444	variable_name = 'tower_diameter'
1445	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1446	variable_name = variable_name, &
1447	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1448	output_type = 'real32' )
1449
1450	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1451	variable_name = 'time', &
1452	attribute_name = 'units', &
1453	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1454
1455	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1456	variable_name = 'x', &
1457	attribute_name = 'units', &
1458	value = 'm' )
1459
1460	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1461	variable_name = 'y', &
1462	attribute_name = 'units', &
1463	value = 'm' )
1464
1465	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1466	variable_name = 'z', &
1467	attribute_name = 'units', &
1468	value = 'm' )
1469
1470	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1471	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1472	attribute_name = 'units', &
1473	value = 'm' )
1474
1475	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1476	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1477	attribute_name = 'units', &
1478	value = 'm' )
1479
1480	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1481	variable_name = 'x', &
1482	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1483	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1484
1485	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1486	variable_name = 'y', &
1487	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1488	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1489
1490	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1491	variable_name = 'z', &
1492	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1493	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1494
1495	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1496	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1497	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1498	value = 'turbine name')
1499
1500	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1501	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1502	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1503	value = 'rotor diameter')
1504
1505	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1506	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1507	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1508	value = 'tower diameter')
1509
1510	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1511	variable_name = 'time', &
1512	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1513	value = 'time')
1514
1515	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1516	variable_name = 'time', &
1517	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1518	value = 'T')
1519
1520	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1521	variable_name = 'x', &
1522	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1523	value = 'X' )
1524
1525	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1526	variable_name = 'y', &
1527	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1528	value = 'Y' )
1529
1530
1531	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1532	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1533	variable_name = variable_name, &
1534	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1535	output_type = 'real32' )
1536
1537	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1538	variable_name = variable_name, &
1539	attribute_name = 'units', &
1540	value = 'W' )
1541
1542	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1543	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1544	variable_name = variable_name, &
1545	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1546	output_type = 'real32' )
1547
1548	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1549	variable_name = variable_name, &
1550	attribute_name = 'units', &
1551	value = 'rad/s' )
1552
1553	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1554	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1555	variable_name = variable_name, &
1556	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1557	output_type = 'real32' )
1558
1559	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1560	variable_name = variable_name, &
1561	attribute_name = 'units', &
1562	value = 'Nm' )
1563
1564	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1565	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1566	variable_name = variable_name, &
1567	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1568	output_type = 'real32' )
1569
1570	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1571	variable_name = variable_name, &
1572	attribute_name = 'units', &
1573	value = 'degrees' )
1574
1575	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1576	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1577	variable_name = variable_name, &
1578	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1579	output_type = 'real32' )
1580
1581	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1582	variable_name = variable_name, &
1583	attribute_name = 'units', &
1584	value = 'W' )
1585
1586	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1587	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1588	variable_name = variable_name, &
1589	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1590	output_type = 'real32' )
1591
1592	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1593	variable_name = variable_name, &
1594	attribute_name = 'units', &
1595	value = 'rad/s' )
1596
1597	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1598	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1599	variable_name = variable_name, &
1600	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1601	output_type = 'real32' )
1602
1603	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1604	variable_name = variable_name, &
1605	attribute_name = 'units', &
1606	value = 'N' )
1607
1608	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1609	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1610	variable_name = variable_name, &
1611	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1612	output_type = 'real32' )
1613
1614	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1615	variable_name = variable_name, &
1616	attribute_name = 'units', &
1617	value = 'Nm' )
1618
1619	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1620	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1621	variable_name = variable_name, &
1622	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1623	output_type = 'real32' )
1624
1625	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1626	variable_name = variable_name, &
1627	attribute_name = 'units', &
1628	value = 'degrees' )
1629
1630	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1631	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1632	variable_name = variable_name, &
1633	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1634	output_type = 'real32' )
1635
1636	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1637	variable_name = variable_name, &
1638	attribute_name = 'units', &
1639	value = 'degrees' )
1640
1641	ENDIF
1642	END SUBROUTINE
1643
1644	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1645	! Description:
1646	! ------------
1647	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1648	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1649	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1650	!
1651	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1652
1653
1654	IMPLICIT NONE
1655
1656	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1657	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1658
1659	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1660
1661	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1662
1663	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1664	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1665	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1666	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1667	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1668	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1669	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1670	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1671	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1672	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1673
1674	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1675	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1676	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1677
1678	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1679	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1680
1681	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1682	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1683	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1684	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1685	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1686
1687	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1688	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1689	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1690	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1691	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1692
1693	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*n_airfoils+1) )
1694
1695	!
1696	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1697	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1698
1699	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1700
1701	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1702	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1703	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1704	ENDIF
1705	!
1706	!-- Read distribution table:
1707
1708	dlen = 0
1709
1710	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1711
1712	rloop3: DO
1713	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1714	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1715	dlen = dlen + 1
1716	ENDDO rloop3
1717
1718	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1719
1720	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1721	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1722	ENDDO
1723
1724	DO jj = 1,dlen
1725	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1726	ENDDO
1727
1728	!
1729	!-- Read layout table:
1730
1731	dlen = 0
1732
1733	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1734
1735	rloop1: DO
1736	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1737	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1738	dlen = dlen + 1
1739	ENDDO rloop1
1740
1741	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1742	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1743	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1744	ENDDO
1745	DO jj = 1, dlen
1746	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1747	ENDDO
1748
1749	!
1750	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1751
1752	dlen = 0
1753
1754	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1755
1756	rloop2: DO
1757	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1758	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1759	dlen = dlen + 1
1760	ENDDO rloop2
1761
1762	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1763	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1764
1765	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1766	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1767	ENDDO
1768
1769	DO jj = 1,dlen
1770	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1771	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1772	DO ii= 1, n_airfoils
1773	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1774	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1775	ENDDO
1776
1777	ENDDO
1778
1779	dlenbl = dlen
1780
1781	CLOSE ( 90 )
1782
1783	!
1784	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1785	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1786	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1787	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1788	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1789
1790	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1791	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1792	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1793	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1794
1795	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1796	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1797
1798	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1799	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1800
1801	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1802
1803	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1804	!
1805	!-- Find position in table 1
1806	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1807	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1808
1809	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1810	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1811	ENDIF
1812
1813	trow = lct(1)
1814	!
1815	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1816	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1817	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1818	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1819	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1820
1821	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1822	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1823	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1824	ENDIF
1825
1826	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1827	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1828	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1829	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1830	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1831
1832	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1833	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1834	! explicitly
1835	ELSE
1836	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1837	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1838	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1839	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1840	!
1841	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1842	!-- explicitly
1843	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1844	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1845	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1846	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1847	ENDIF
1848
1849	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1850
1851	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1852	ialpha = 1
1853
1854	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1855	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1856	ENDDO
1857
1858	!
1859	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1860	!-- segments and angles of attack
1861
1862	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1863	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1864	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1865	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1866	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1867	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1868	( alpha_attack_i - &
1869	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1870	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1871	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1872	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1873	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1874	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1875	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1876	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1877	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1878	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1879	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1880	( alpha_attack_i - &
1881	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1882	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1883	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1884	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1885	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1886
1887	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1888
1889	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1890
1891
1892	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1893
1894
1895	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1896	! Description:
1897	! ------------
1898	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1899	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1900	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1901	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1902
1903
1904	IMPLICIT NONE
1905
1906	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1907	!
1908	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1909	!-- the rotors
1910	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1911	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1912	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1913
1914	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1915	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1916	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1917
1918	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1919	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1920	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1921
1922	!
1923	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1924	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1925
1926	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1927	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1928	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1929	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1930	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1931	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1932	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1933	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1934	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1935	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1936	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1937	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1938	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1939	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1940	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1941	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1942	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1943	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1944	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1945	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1946	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1947	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1948	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1949	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1950
1951	!
1952	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1953	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1954	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1955	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1956	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1957
1958	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1959
1960
1961	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1962	! Description:
1963	! ------------
1964	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1965	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1966	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1967
1968
1969	IMPLICIT NONE
1970
1971	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1972
1973	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1974	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1975	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1976	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1977	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1978	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1979
1980	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1981	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1982	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1983
1984	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1985	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1986
1987	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1988
1989
1990	!
1991	! Variables for pitch control
1992	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1993
1994	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1995	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1996
1997	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1998
1999
2000	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
2001
2002
2003	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2004
2005	!
2006	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
2007	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2008	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2009	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2010	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
2011	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2012	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2013	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2014	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
2015	!
2016	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2017	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2018
2019	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2020	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2021	!
2022	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2023
2024	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
2025	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
2026	!$OMP DO
2027	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2028
2029	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2030	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2031	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2032	!
2033	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2034	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2035
2036	!
2037	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2038	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2039	!
2040	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2041	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2042	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2043	!
2044	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2045	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2046	!-- with y-axis):
2047	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2048	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2049	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2050
2051	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2052	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2053	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2054	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2055	re(3) = sin_rot
2056
2057	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2058	!
2059	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2060	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2061	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2062	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2063
2064	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2065	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
2066	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
2067	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
2068	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2069
2070	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2071	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2072
2073	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2074	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2075
2076	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2077	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2078
2079	!
2080	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2081
2082	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2083	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2084	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2085	!
2086	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2087	!-- the current PE:
2088	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2089	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2090
2091	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2092	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2093	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2094	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2095	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2096	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2097	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2098	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2099	gg = dx * dy
2100
2101	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
2102	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2103	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2104	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2105	) / gg
2106
2107	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2108	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2109	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2110	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2111	) / gg
2112
2113	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
2114	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2115	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2116
2117	ELSE
2118	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2119	ENDIF
2120	ELSE
2121	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2122	ENDIF
2123
2124
2125	!
2126	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2127	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2128	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2129	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2130	!
2131	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2132	!-- the current PE:
2133	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2134	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2135
2136	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2137	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2138	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2139	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2140	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2141	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2142	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2143	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2144	gg = dx * dy
2145
2146	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
2147	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2148	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2149	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2150	) / gg
2151
2152	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2153	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2154	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2155	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2156	) / gg
2157
2158	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
2159	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2160	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2161
2162	ELSE
2163	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2164	ENDIF
2165	ELSE
2166	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2167	ENDIF
2168
2169
2170	!
2171	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2172	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2173	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2174	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2175	!
2176	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2177	!-- the current PE:
2178	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2179	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2180
2181	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2182	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2183	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2184	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2185	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2186	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2187	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2188	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2189	gg = dx * dy
2190
2191	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
2192	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2193	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2194	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2195	) / gg
2196
2197	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2198	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2199	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2200	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2201	) / gg
2202
2203	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
2204	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2205	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2206	ELSE
2207	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2208	ENDIF
2209	ELSE
2210	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2211	ENDIF
2212
2213	ENDDO
2214	ENDDO
2215	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2216
2217	ENDDO
2218
2219	!
2220	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2221	#if defined( __parallel )
2222	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2223	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2224	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2225	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2226	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2227	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2228	#else
2229	u_int = u_int_1_l
2230	v_int = v_int_1_l
2231	w_int = w_int_1_l
2232	#endif
2233
2234
2235	!
2236	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2237
2238	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2239	pit_loop: DO
2240
2241	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2242	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2243	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2244	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2245	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2246	ELSE
2247	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2248	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2249	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2250	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX(pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
2251	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2252	ENDIF
2253	ENDIF
2254
2255	!
2256	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2257	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2258	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2259	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2260	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2261	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2262	!$OMP DO
2263	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2264	!
2265	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2266	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2267	!
2268	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2269	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2270	!
2271	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2272	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2273	!-- with y-axis):
2274	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2275	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
2276	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
2277	!
2278	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2279	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2280	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2281	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2282	re(3) = sin_rot
2283
2284	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2285	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2286	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2287	rea(3) = cos_rot
2288
2289	!
2290	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2291	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2292	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2293	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2294	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2295	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2296	!
2297	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2298	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2299	!-- tilt:
2300	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2301	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2302	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2303	!
2304	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2305	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2306
2307	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2308
2309	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2310
2311	!
2312	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2313	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2314	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2315	!
2316	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2317	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2318	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2319	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2320	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2321	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2322	!
2323	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2324	!
2325	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2326	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2327	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2328	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2329	!
2330	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2331	!-- direction:
2332	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2333	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2334	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2335	!
2336	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2337	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2338
2339	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , &
2340	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2341	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2342
2343	!
2344	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2345	!-- to the current radial position:
2346
2347	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2348	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2349
2350	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2351	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2352	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2353	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2354	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2355	ELSE
2356	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2357	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2358	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2359	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2360	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2361	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2362	ENDIF
2363
2364	!
2365	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2366	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2367	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2368	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2369	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2370	!
2371	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2372	!-- angle of attack:
2373	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2374	!
2375	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2376	!-- to angles given in degree:
2377	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2378	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2379	!
2380	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2381	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2382
2383	!
2384	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2385	!-- to the rotor:
2386	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2387	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2388	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2389
2390	!
2391	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2392	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2393	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2394	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2395
2396	!
2397	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2398	!-- the current radial position:
2399
2400	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2401	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2402	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2403	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2404	ELSE
2405	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2406	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2407	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2408	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2409	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2410	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2411	ENDIF
2412
2413	!
2414	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2415	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2416	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2417	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2418	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2419	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2420	!
2421	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2422	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2423	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2424	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2425	!
2426	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2427	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2428	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2429	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2430
2431	!
2432	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2433	!-- angles given in radian:
2434	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2435	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2436
2437	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2438	!
2439	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2440	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2441	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2442	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2443	!--
2444	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2445	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2446	ELSE
2447	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2448	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2449	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2450	ENDIF
2451
2452	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2453
2454	ENDIF
2455	!
2456	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2457	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2458	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2459
2460	!
2461	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2462
2463	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2464	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2465
2466	!
2467	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2468	!-- for each ring segment:
2469	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2470	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2471	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2472
2473	!
2474	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2475	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2476	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2477	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2478	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2479	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2480	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2481	!
2482	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2483	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2484	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2485
2486	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2487	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2488
2489	!
2490	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2491	!$OMP CRITICAL
2492	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2493	thrust_seg(rseg)
2494
2495
2496	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2497	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2498
2499	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2500
2501	!
2502	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2503	!-- each ring:
2504	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2505	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2506	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2507
2508
2509	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2510	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2511
2512
2513	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2514
2515
2516	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2517	!
2518	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2519
2520	!
2521	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2522	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2523	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2524	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2525	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2526	( rotor_inertia + &
2527	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2528
2529	!
2530	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2531	!-- and rotor speed
2532	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2533
2534	ENDIF
2535
2536	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2537
2538	!
2539	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2540	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2541	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2542	!-- gain
2543	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2544	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2545	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + &
2546	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2547	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2548	!
2549	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2550	CYCLE pit_loop
2551	ENDIF
2552
2553	!
2554	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2555	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2556	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2557	ENDIF
2558	EXIT pit_loop
2559	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2560
2561
2562	!
2563	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2564
2565	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2566	!
2567	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2568	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2569	THEN
2570	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2571	THEN
2572	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2573	ENDIF
2574	ENDIF
2575
2576	ENDIF
2577
2578
2579	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2580
2581	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2582
2583
2584	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2585	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2586	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2587	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2588	!
2589	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2590	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2591	!
2592	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2593	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2594	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2595	!-- consideration
2596	!
2597	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2598	!-- of the model domain:
2599	!
2600	!--
2601	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2602	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2603	eps_min ) / dx )
2604	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2605	eps_min ) / dy )
2606
2607	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2608	!$OMP DO
2609	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2610	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2611	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2612	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2613	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2614	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2615	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2616	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2617	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2618	!
2619	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2620	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2621
2622	!
2623	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2624	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2625	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2626	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2627	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2628	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2629	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2630	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2631	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2632	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2633	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2634
2635	!
2636	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2637	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2638	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2639	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2640	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2641	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2642	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2643	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2644	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2645	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2646	flag
2647	ENDIF
2648	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2649	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2650	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2651	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2652	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2653	flag
2654	ENDIF
2655	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2656	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2657	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2658	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2659	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2660	flag
2661	ENDIF
2662
2663	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2664	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2665
2666	!
2667	!-- Rotation of force components:
2668	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2669	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2670	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2671	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2672	) * flag
2673
2674	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2675	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2676	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2677	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2678	) * flag
2679
2680	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2681	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2682	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2683	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2684	) * flag
2685
2686	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2687	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2688	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2689	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2690
2691	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2692
2693	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2694
2695
2696	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2697	!
2698	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2699	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2700	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2701	WDLON = MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2702	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2703	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2704	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2705
2706	WDSHO = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2707	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:WDSHO) )
2708	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2709	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2710	start_up = .FALSE.
2711	ENDIF
2712
2713	!
2714	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2715	!--
2716	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2717	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2718	!
2719	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2720	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2721	THEN
2722	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2723	THEN
2724
2725	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2726
2727	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2728	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2729	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2730	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2731	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2732
2733	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2734
2735	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2736
2737	ENDIF
2738	ENDIF
2739
2740	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2741
2742	!
2743	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2744	#if defined( __parallel )
2745	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2746	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2747	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2748	comm2d, ierr )
2749	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2750	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2751	#else
2752	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2753	wdir = wdir_l
2754	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2755
2756	#endif
2757	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2758	!
2759	!-- Update rotor orientation
2760	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2761
2762	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2763
2764	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2765
2766	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2767	!
2768	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2769	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2770	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2771	#if defined( __parallel )
2772	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2773	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2774	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2775	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2776	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2777	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2778	#else
2779	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2780	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2781	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2782	#endif
2783
2784	ENDIF
2785
2786	ENDIF
2787
2788	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2789
2790
2791	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2792
2793
2794	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2795	! Description:
2796	! ------------
2797	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2798	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2799	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2800
2801	USE kinds
2802
2803	IMPLICIT NONE
2804
2805	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2806	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2807	REAL(wp) :: missal
2808
2809	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2810
2811	!
2812	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2813	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2814	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2815	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2816	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2817	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2818	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2819	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2820	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2821	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2822	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2823	!
2824	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2825	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2826	!
2827	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2828	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2829	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2830	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2831	!
2832	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2833	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2834
2835	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2836	!
2837	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max
2838	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2839	!
2840	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2841	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2842	!
2843	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2844	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2845	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2846	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2847	ENDIF
2848	ENDIF
2849
2850	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2851
2852	!
2853	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2854	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2855	!-- than yaw_misalignment_min
2856
2857	ELSE
2858	!
2859	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2860	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2861	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2862	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2863	!
2864	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2865	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2866	!
2867	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2868	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2869	!
2870	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2871	!-- yaw direction is still right
2872	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2873	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2874	!
2875	!-- Continue yawing
2876	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2877	ELSE
2878	!
2879	!-- Stop yawing
2880	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2881	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2882	ENDIF
2883	ELSE
2884	!
2885	!-- Continue yawing
2886	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2887	ENDIF
2888
2889	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2890
2891	ENDIF
2892
2893	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2894
2895
2896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2897	! Description:
2898	! ------------
2899	!> Initialization of the speed control
2900	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2901	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2902
2903
2904	IMPLICIT NONE
2905
2906	!
2907	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2908	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2909	!
2910	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2911	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2912	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2913	!
2914	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2915	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2916	!
2917	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2918	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2919	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2920	!
2921	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2922	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2923	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2924	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2925	!
2926	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2927	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2928	!
2929	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2930	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2931	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2932	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2933	ENDIF
2934
2935	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2936
2937
2938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2939	! Description:
2940	! ------------
2941	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2943	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2944
2945
2946	IMPLICIT NONE
2947
2948	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2949
2950
2951	!
2952	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2953	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2954	!-- offshore system developement"
2955
2956	!
2957	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2958	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2959	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2960	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2961	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
2962
2963	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
2964	!
2965	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2966	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2967
2968	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
2969	!
2970	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2971	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
2972
2973	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
2974	!
2975	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2976	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2977	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
2978
2979	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
2980	!
2981	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2982	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2983
2984	ELSE
2985	!
2986	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2987	!-- keep the power constant:
2988	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
2989
2990	ENDIF
2991	!
2992	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2993	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2994	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), &
2995	generator_torque_rate_max )
2996	!
2997	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2998	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2999	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
3000	!
3001	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
3002	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
3003
3004
3005	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
3006
3007
3008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3009	! Description:
3010	! ------------
3011	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3012	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3013	!> Call for all grid points
3014	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3015	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
3016
3017
3018	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3019
3020	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3021	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3022	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3023
3024
3025	SELECT CASE ( location )
3026
3027	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3028
3029	CALL wtm_forces
3030
3031	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3032	!
3033	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3034	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3035	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3036	DO j = nysg, nyng
3037	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3038	!
3039	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3040	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3041	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3042	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3043	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3044
3045	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3046	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3047	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3048	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3049	ENDDO
3050	ENDDO
3051	ENDDO
3052	ENDIF
3053
3054	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3055	!
3056	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3057	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3058	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3059	DO j = nysg, nyng
3060	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3061	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3062	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3063	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3064	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3065	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3066	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3067	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3068	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3069	ENDDO
3070	ENDDO
3071	ENDDO
3072	ENDIF
3073
3074	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3075	!
3076	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3077	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3078	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3079	DO j = nysg, nyng
3080	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3081	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3082	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3083	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3084	ENDDO
3085	ENDDO
3086	ENDDO
3087	ENDIF
3088
3089
3090	CASE DEFAULT
3091	CONTINUE
3092
3093	END SELECT
3094
3095
3096	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3097
3098
3099	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3100	! Description:
3101	! ------------
3102	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3103	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3104	!> Call for grid point i,j
3105	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3106	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3107
3108
3109	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3110	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3111	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3112	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3113
3114	SELECT CASE ( location )
3115
3116	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3117
3118	CALL wtm_forces
3119
3120	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3121	!
3122	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3123	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3124	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3125	!
3126	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3127	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3128	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3129	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3130	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3131	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3132	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3133	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3134	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3135	ENDDO
3136	ENDIF
3137
3138	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3139	!
3140	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3141	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3142	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3143	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3144	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3145	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3146	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3147	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3148	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3149	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3150	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3151	ENDDO
3152	ENDIF
3153
3154	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3155	!
3156	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3157	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3158	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3159	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3160	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3161	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3162	ENDDO
3163	ENDIF
3164
3165
3166	CASE DEFAULT
3167	CONTINUE
3168
3169	END SELECT
3170
3171
3172	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3173
3174
3175	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3176
3177
3178	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3179
3180	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3181
3182	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3183
3184	!
3185	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
3186	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3187	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3188	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3189	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3190	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3191	'x', &
3192	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3193	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3194	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3195
3196	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3197	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3198	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3199	'y', &
3200	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3201	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3202	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3203
3204	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3205	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3206	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3207	'z', &
3208	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3209	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3210	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3211
3212	output_values_1d_target = rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) * 2.0_wp
3213	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3214	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3215	'rotor_diameter', &
3216	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3217	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3218	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3219
3220	output_values_1d_target = tower_diameter(1:n_turbines)
3221	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3222	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3223	'tower_diameter', &
3224	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3225	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3226	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3227
3228	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3229	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3230	ENDIF
3231
3232	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3233
3234	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3235	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3236	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3237
3238	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3239	'rotor_speed', &
3240	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3241	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3242	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3243
3244	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3245	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3246	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3247	'generator_speed', &
3248	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3249	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3250	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3251
3252	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3253	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3254
3255	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3256	'generator_torque', &
3257	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3258	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3259	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3260
3261	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3262	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3263
3264	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3265	'rotor_torque', &
3266	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3267	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3268	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3269
3270	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3271	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3272
3273	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3274	'pitch_angle', &
3275	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3276	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3277	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3278
3279	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)generator_speed(:)generator_efficiency
3280	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3281
3282	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3283	'generator_power', &
3284	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3285	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3286	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3287
3288	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3289	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density
3290	ENDDO
3291	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3292
3293	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3294	'rotor_power', &
3295	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3296	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3297	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3298
3299	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3300	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3301
3302	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3303	'rotor_thrust', &
3304	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3305	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3306	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3307
3308	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3309	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3310
3311	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3312	'wind_direction', &
3313	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3314	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3315	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3316
3317	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:))*180.0_wp/pi
3318	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3319
3320	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3321	'yaw_angle', &
3322	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3323	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3324	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3325
3326	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3327	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3328
3329	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3330	'time', &
3331	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3332	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3333	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3334
3335	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3336
3337	ENDIF
3338
3339	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3340
3341	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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