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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4429

Last change on this file since 4429 was 4426, checked in by oliver.maas, 5 years ago
define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 140.4 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z raasch $
28	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number
29	! of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
30	!
31	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
32	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
33	!
34	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
35	! Added output control for wind turbine model
36	!
37	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
38	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
39	!
40	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
41	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
42	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
43	!
44	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
45	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
46	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
47	!
48	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
49	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
50	! greater than dlen
51	!
52	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
53	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
54	!
55	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
56	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
57	! torque and power values
58	!
59	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
60	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
61	!
62	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
63	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
64	!
65	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
66	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
67	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
68	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
69	!
70	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
71	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
72	! of additional debug messages
73	!
74	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
75	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
76	!
77	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
78	! instrumented with openmp directives
79	!
80	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
81	! unused variables removed
82	!
83	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
84	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
85	!
86	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
87	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
88	!
89	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
90	! Initial revision
91	!
92	!
93	! Description:
94	! ------------
95	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
96	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
97	!> (ADM-R).
98	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
99	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
100	!> yaw.
101	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
102	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
103	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
104	!> automatically).
105	!>
106	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
107	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
108	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
109	!> @todo Generate header information
110	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
111	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
112	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
113	!> @todo Include additional output variables
114	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
115	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
116	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
117	!
118	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
119	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
120
121	USE arrays_3d, &
122	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
123
124	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
125	ONLY: pi
126
127	USE control_parameters, &
128	ONLY: coupling_char, &
129	debug_output, &
130	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, time_since_reference_point,&
131	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
132
133	USE cpulog, &
134	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
135
136	USE data_output_module
137
138	USE grid_variables, &
139	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
140
141	USE indices, &
142	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
143	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
144
145	USE kinds
146
147	USE pegrid
148
149
150	IMPLICIT NONE
151
152	PRIVATE
153
154
155
156	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
157	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
158
159	!
160	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
161
162	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
163	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
164
165
166
167	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
168	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
169	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
170	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
171
172	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
173	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
174	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
175	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
176
177	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
178
179	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
180	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
181
182
183	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
184	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
185	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
186	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
187	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
188	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
189
190
191	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
192	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100), TARGET :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
193	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
194	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
195	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
196	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
198	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
199	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
200	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
201	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
202
203	!
204	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
205	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
206
207	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
208	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
209	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
210	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
211	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
212	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
213	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
214	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
215	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
216	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
217	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
218	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
219	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
220	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
221
222
223	!
224	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
225
226	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
227	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
228	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
229
230	!
231	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
232	TYPE file_status
233	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
234	END TYPE file_status
235
236	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
237	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
238
239	!
240	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
241
242	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
243	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
244	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
245	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
247
248	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
249
250	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
251	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
252	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
253	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
254	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
256	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
257	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
258
259	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
260
261	!
262	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
263	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
264	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
265	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
266	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
267	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
268	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
269
270	!
271	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
276
277	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
278	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
279
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
282
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
285
286	!
287	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
288
289	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
290	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
291	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
292	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
293	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
294	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
295	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
296	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
297	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
298	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
299	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
300	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
301	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
302	!
303	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
304	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
305	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
306	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
307	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
308	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
309
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
319
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
322
323	!
324	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
331
332	!
333	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
337
338	!
339	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
343
344	!
345	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
349
350	!
351	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
355	!
356	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
358
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
368
369	!
370	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
371
372	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
373
374	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
375	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
376	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
377	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
378	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
379	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
380	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
381	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
382
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
384
385	!
386	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
387
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
398	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
399	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
400	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
401
402	!
403	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
411
412
413	SAVE
414
415
416	INTERFACE wtm_parin
417	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
418	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
419
420	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
421	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
422	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
423
424	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
425	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
426	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
427
428	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
429	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
430	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
431
432	INTERFACE wtm_init
433	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
434	END INTERFACE wtm_init
435
436	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
437	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
438	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
439
440	INTERFACE wtm_actions
441	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
442	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
443	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
444
445	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
446	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
447	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
448
449	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
450	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
451	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
452
453
454	PUBLIC &
455	dt_data_output_wtm, &
456	time_wtm, &
457	wind_turbine
458
459	PUBLIC &
460	wtm_parin, &
461	wtm_check_parameters, &
462	wtm_data_output, &
463	wtm_init_arrays, &
464	wtm_init_output, &
465	wtm_init, &
466	wtm_actions, &
467	wtm_rrd_global, &
468	wtm_wrd_global
469
470
471	CONTAINS
472
473
474	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
475	! Description:
476	! ------------
477	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
478	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
479	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
480
481
482	IMPLICIT NONE
483
484	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
485
486
487	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
488	air_dens, dtow, dt_data_output_wtm, gear_eff,&
489	gear_ratio, &
490	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
491	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
492	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
493	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
494	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
495	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
496	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
497	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
498	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
499	! , turb_cd_nacelle
500	!
501	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
502	REWIND ( 11 )
503	line = ' '
504	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
505	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
506	ENDDO
507	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
508
509	!
510	!-- Read user-defined namelist
511	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
512	!
513	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
514	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
515
516	GOTO 12
517
518	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
519	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
520	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
521
522
523	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
524
525
526	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
527
528
529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
530	! Description:
531	! ------------
532	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
533	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
534	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
535
536
537	IMPLICIT NONE
538
539
540	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
541	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
542
543	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
544	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
545
546	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
547	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
548
549	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
550	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
551
552	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
553	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
554
555	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
556	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
557
558	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
559	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
560
561	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
562	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
563
564	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
565	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
566
567	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
568	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
569
570
571	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
572
573
574	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
575	! Description:
576	! ------------
577	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
578	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
579	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
580
581
582	USE control_parameters, &
583	ONLY: length, restart_string
584
585
586	IMPLICIT NONE
587
588	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
589
590
591	found = .TRUE.
592
593
594	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
595
596	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
597	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
598	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
599	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
600	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
601	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
602	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
603	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
604	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
605	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
606	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
607	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
608	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
609	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
610	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
611	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
612	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
613	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
614	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
615	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
616
617	CASE DEFAULT
618
619	found = .FALSE.
620
621	END SELECT
622
623
624	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
625
626
627	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
628	! Description:
629	! ------------
630	!> Check namelist parameter
631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
632	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
633
634
635	IMPLICIT NONE
636
637	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
638	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
639	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
640	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
641	ENDIF
642
643	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
644	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
645	'a value equal or larger than zero'
646	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
647	ENDIF
648
649
650	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
651	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
652	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
653
654	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
655	'have to be given for each turbine.'
656	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
657
658	ENDIF
659
660	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
661	!
662
663	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
664	! Description:
665	! ------------
666	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
667	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
668	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
669
670
671	IMPLICIT NONE
672
673	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
674	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
675
676	!
677	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
678	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
679
680	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
681	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
682
683	nrings(:) = 0
684	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
685
686	!
687	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
688	delta_r_factor = segment_width
689	delta_t_factor = segment_length
690	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
691
692	DO inot = 1, nturbines
693	!
694	!-- Determine number of rings:
695	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
696
697	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
698
699	ENDDO
700
701	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
702
703	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
704	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
705
706	nsegs(:,:) = 0
707	nsegs_total(:) = 0
708
709
710	DO inot = 1, nturbines
711	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
712	!
713	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
714	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
715	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
716	delta_t_factor ) )
717	ENDDO
718	!
719	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
720	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
721
722	ENDDO
723
724	!
725	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
726	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
727
728	!!
729	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
730	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
731	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
732	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
733	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
734	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
735	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
736	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
737	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
738	! ENDIF
739
740
741	!
742	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
743	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
744	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
745	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
746	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
747	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
748	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
749	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
750	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
751
752	!
753	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
754	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
755	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
756	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
757	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
758	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
759	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
760
761	!
762	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
763	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
764	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
765	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
766	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
767	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
768	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
769	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
770	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
771	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
772	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
773
774	!
775	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
776	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
777	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
778	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
779	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
780	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
781	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
782
783	!
784	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
785	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
786	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
787	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
788
789	!
790	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
791	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
792	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
793	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
794	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
795	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
796	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
797	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
798	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
799
800	!
801	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
802	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
803	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
804	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
805	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
806	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
807	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
808
809	!
810	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
811	i_hub(:) = 0
812	i_smear(:) = 0
813	j_hub(:) = 0
814	j_smear(:) = 0
815	k_hub(:) = 0
816	k_smear(:) = 0
817
818	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
819	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
820
821	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
822	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
823	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
824	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
825	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
826	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
827	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
828	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
829	ENDIF
830
831	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
832	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
833	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
834	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
835	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
836	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
837
838	!
839	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
840	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
841	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
842	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
843	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
844	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
845	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
846	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
847	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
848	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
849	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
850
851	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
852	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
853	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
855	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
856	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
857
858	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
859	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
860	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
861
862	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
863	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
864	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
865	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
866	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
867	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
868	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
869	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
870
871	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
872	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
873	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
874	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
875	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
876	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
877
878
879	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
880
881
882	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
883	! Description:
884	! ------------
885	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
886	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
887	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
888
889
890	USE control_parameters, &
891	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
892
893	IMPLICIT NONE
894
895
896
897	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
898	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
899	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
900
901
902	!
903	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
904	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
905
906	!
907	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
908	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
909	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
910
911	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
912
913	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
914	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
915	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
916	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
917
918	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
919
920	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
921	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
922	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
923	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
924
925	!
926	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
927	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
928	!-- (smearing of the forces)
929	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
930	!
931	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
932	!-- be calculated:
933
934	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
935	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
936	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
937	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
938	!
939	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
940	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
941	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
942	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
943	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
944	!
945	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
946	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
947	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
948	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
949	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
950	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
951	eps_min) THEN
952	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
953	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
954	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
955	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
956	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
957	ENDIF
958	!
959	!-- Square of eps_min:
960	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
961	!
962	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
963	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
964	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
965	!
966	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
967	!-- function:
968	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
969
970	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
971	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
972
973	!
974	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
975	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
976	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
977	ENDIF
978
979
980	DO inot = 1, nturbines
981	!
982	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
983	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
984
985	!
986	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
987	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
988	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
989	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
990
991	!
992	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
993	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
994	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
995	!-- function of eps_min:
996	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
997	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
998	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
999
1000	ENDDO
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1004	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1005	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1006
1007	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1008
1009	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1010
1011	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1012
1013	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1014	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1015	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1016	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1017	ENDIF
1018
1019	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1020	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1021	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1022	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1023	ENDIF
1024
1025	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1026	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1027	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1028	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1032	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1033	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1034	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1035	ENDIF
1036
1037	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1038	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1039
1040	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1041
1042	ENDIF
1043	ENDIF
1044
1045	END DO
1046
1047	ENDIF
1048
1049	ENDIF
1050
1051	!
1052	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1053	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1054	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1055	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1056	!
1057	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1058	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1059
1060	!
1061	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1062	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1063	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1064
1065	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1066
1067	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1068
1069
1070	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1071	!
1072	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1073	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1074	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1075	i = i_hub(inot)
1076
1077	!
1078	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1079	!-- grid point indices):
1080	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1081	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1082	!
1083	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1084	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1085	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1086	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1087	!-- in grid box 1.
1088	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1089	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1090
1091	!
1092	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1093	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1094	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1095	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1096
1097	!
1098	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1099	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1100	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1101
1102	DO j = nys, nyn
1103	!
1104	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1105	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1106
1107	DO k = nzb, nzt
1108
1109	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1110	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1111	!
1112	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1113	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1114	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1115	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1116	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1117	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1118	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1119	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1120	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1121	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1122	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1123	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1124	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1125	!
1126	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1127	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1128	ELSE
1129	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1130	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1131	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1132	ENDIF
1133	!
1134	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1135	ELSE
1136	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1137	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1138	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1139	ENDIF
1140	!
1141	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1142	!-- are carried out:
1143	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1144
1145	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1146	!
1147	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1148	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1149	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1150	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1151	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1152	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1153	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1154	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1155	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1156	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1157	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1158	!
1159	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1160	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1161	ELSE
1162	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1163	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1164	ENDIF
1165	!
1166	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1167	ELSE
1168	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1169	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1170	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1171
1172	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1173
1174	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1175
1176	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1177
1178	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1179
1180	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1181
1182
1183	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1184
1185	!
1186	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1187	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1188	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1189	!!
1190	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1191	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1192	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1193	!
1194	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1195	!
1196	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1197	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1198	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1199	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1200	!!
1201	!!-- bottom intersection point
1202	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1203	!!
1204	!!-- top intersection point
1205	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1206	! ELSE
1207	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1208	! ENDIF
1209	! ENDDO
1210	!
1211	!
1212	! DO j = nys, nyn
1213	!!
1214	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1215	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1216	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1217	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1218	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1219	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1220	!!
1221	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1222	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1223	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1224	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1225	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1226	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1227	!!
1228	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1229	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1230	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1231	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1232	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1233	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1234	! dz_int = dz
1235	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1236	!!
1237	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1238	!!-- within the current grid box:
1239	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1240	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1241	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1242	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1243	! ENDIF
1244	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1245	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1246	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1247	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1248	! ENDIF
1249	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1250	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1251	! ENDIF
1252	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1253	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1254	! ENDIF
1255	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1256	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1257	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1258	! ENDIF
1259	! ENDDO
1260	! ENDIF
1261	! ENDDO
1262	! ENDIF
1263	!
1264	! ENDDO
1265	!
1266	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1267
1268	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1269
1270	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1271	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1272
1273	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1280
1281	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1282
1283
1284
1285	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1286
1287
1288	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1289	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1291
1292	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1293
1294	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1295
1296
1297	!
1298	!-- Create NetCDF output file
1299	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1300	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1301
1302	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1303	!
1304	!-- Define dimensions in output file
1305	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:nturbines) )
1306	DO n = 1, nturbines
1307	ndim(n) = n
1308	ENDDO
1309	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1310	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1311	output_type = 'int32', &
1312	bounds = (/1_iwp, nturbines/), &
1313	values_int32 = ndim )
1314	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1315
1316	!
1317	!-- time
1318	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1319	dimension_name = 'time', &
1320	output_type = 'real32', &
1321	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1322	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1323
1324	!
1325	!-- x
1326	variable_name = 'x'
1327	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1328	variable_name = variable_name, &
1329	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1330	output_type = 'real32' )
1331	!
1332	!-- y
1333	variable_name = 'y'
1334	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1335	variable_name = variable_name, &
1336	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1337	output_type = 'real32' )
1338
1339	variable_name = 'z'
1340	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1341	variable_name = variable_name, &
1342	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1343	output_type = 'real32' )
1344
1345
1346	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1347	variable_name = 'time', &
1348	attribute_name = 'units', &
1349	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1350
1351	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1352	variable_name = 'x', &
1353	attribute_name = 'units', &
1354	value = 'm' )
1355
1356	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1357	variable_name = 'y', &
1358	attribute_name = 'units', &
1359	value = 'm' )
1360
1361	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1362	variable_name = 'z', &
1363	attribute_name = 'units', &
1364	value = 'm' )
1365
1366	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1367	variable_name = 'x', &
1368	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1369	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1370
1371	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1372	variable_name = 'y', &
1373	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1374	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1375
1376	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1377	variable_name = 'z', &
1378	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1379	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1380
1381
1382	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1383	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1384	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1385	value = 'turbine name')
1386
1387	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1388	variable_name = 'time', &
1389	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1390	value = 'time')
1391
1392	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1393	variable_name = 'time', &
1394	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1395	value = 'T')
1396
1397	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1398	variable_name = 'x', &
1399	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1400	value = 'X' )
1401
1402	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1403	variable_name = 'y', &
1404	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1405	value = 'Y' )
1406
1407
1408	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1409	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1410	variable_name = variable_name, &
1411	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1412	output_type = 'real32' )
1413
1414	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1415	variable_name = variable_name, &
1416	attribute_name = 'units', &
1417	value = 'rad/s' )
1418
1419	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1420	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1421	variable_name = variable_name, &
1422	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1423	output_type = 'real32' )
1424
1425	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1426	variable_name = variable_name, &
1427	attribute_name = 'units', &
1428	value = 'rad/s' )
1429
1430
1431	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1432	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1433	variable_name = variable_name, &
1434	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1435	output_type = 'real32' )
1436
1437	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1438	variable_name = variable_name, &
1439	attribute_name = 'units', &
1440	value = 'Nm' )
1441
1442	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1443	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1444	variable_name = variable_name, &
1445	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1446	output_type = 'real32' )
1447
1448	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1449	variable_name = variable_name, &
1450	attribute_name = 'units', &
1451	value = 'Nm' )
1452
1453	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1454	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1455	variable_name = variable_name, &
1456	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1457	output_type = 'real32' )
1458
1459	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1460	variable_name = variable_name, &
1461	attribute_name = 'units', &
1462	value = 'degrees' )
1463
1464	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1465	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1466	variable_name = variable_name, &
1467	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1468	output_type = 'real32' )
1469
1470	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1471	variable_name = variable_name, &
1472	attribute_name = 'units', &
1473	value = 'W' )
1474
1475	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1476	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1477	variable_name = variable_name, &
1478	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1479	output_type = 'real32' )
1480
1481	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1482	variable_name = variable_name, &
1483	attribute_name = 'units', &
1484	value = 'W' )
1485
1486	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1487	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1488	variable_name = variable_name, &
1489	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1490	output_type = 'real32' )
1491
1492	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1493	variable_name = variable_name, &
1494	attribute_name = 'units', &
1495	value = 'N' )
1496
1497
1498	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1499	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1500	variable_name = variable_name, &
1501	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1502	output_type = 'real32' )
1503
1504	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1505	variable_name = variable_name, &
1506	attribute_name = 'units', &
1507	value = 'degrees' )
1508
1509	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1510	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1511	variable_name = variable_name, &
1512	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1513	output_type = 'real32' )
1514
1515	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1516	variable_name = variable_name, &
1517	attribute_name = 'units', &
1518	value = 'degrees' )
1519
1520	ENDIF
1521	END SUBROUTINE
1522
1523	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1524	! Description:
1525	! ------------
1526	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1527	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1528	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1529	!
1530	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1531
1532
1533	IMPLICIT NONE
1534
1535	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1536	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1537
1538	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1539
1540	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1541
1542	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1543	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1544	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1545	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1546	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1548	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1549	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1550	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1551	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1552
1553	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1554	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1555	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1556
1557	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1558	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1559
1560	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1561	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1562	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1563	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1564	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1565
1566	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1567	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1568	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1569	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1570	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1571
1572	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1573
1574	!
1575	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1576	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1577
1578	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1579
1580	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1581	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1582	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1583	ENDIF
1584	!
1585	!-- Read distribution table:
1586
1587	dlen = 0
1588
1589	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1590
1591	rloop3: DO
1592	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1593	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1594	dlen = dlen + 1
1595	ENDDO rloop3
1596
1597	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1598
1599	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1600	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1601	ENDDO
1602
1603	DO jj = 1,dlen
1604	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1605	ENDDO
1606
1607	!
1608	!-- Read layout table:
1609
1610	dlen = 0
1611
1612	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1613
1614	rloop1: DO
1615	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1616	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1617	dlen = dlen + 1
1618	ENDDO rloop1
1619
1620	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1621	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1622	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1623	ENDDO
1624	DO jj = 1, dlen
1625	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1626	ENDDO
1627
1628	!
1629	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1630
1631	dlen = 0
1632
1633	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1634
1635	rloop2: DO
1636	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1637	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1638	dlen = dlen + 1
1639	ENDDO rloop2
1640
1641	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1642	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1643
1644	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1645	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1646	ENDDO
1647
1648	DO jj = 1,dlen
1649	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1650	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1651	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1652	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1653	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1654	ENDDO
1655
1656	ENDDO
1657
1658	dlenbl = dlen
1659
1660	CLOSE ( 90 )
1661
1662	!
1663	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1664	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1665	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1666	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1667	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1668
1669	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1670	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1671	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1672	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1673
1674	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1675	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1676
1677	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1678	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1679
1680	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1681
1682	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1683	!
1684	!-- Find position in table 1
1685	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1686	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1687
1688	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1689	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1690	ENDIF
1691
1692	trow = lct(1)
1693	!
1694	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1695	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1696	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1697	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1698	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1699
1700	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1701	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1702	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1703	ENDIF
1704
1705	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1706	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1707	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1708	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1709	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1710
1711	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1712	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1713	! explicitly
1714	ELSE
1715	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1716	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1717	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1718	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1719	!
1720	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1721	!-- explicitly
1722	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1723	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1724	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1725	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1726	ENDIF
1727
1728	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1729
1730	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1731	ialpha = 1
1732
1733	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1734	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1735	ENDDO
1736
1737	!
1738	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1739	!-- segments and angles of attack
1740
1741	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1742	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1743	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1744	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1745	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1746	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1747	( alpha_attack_i - &
1748	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1749	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1750	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1751	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1752	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1753	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1754	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1755	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1756	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1757	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1758	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1759	( alpha_attack_i - &
1760	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1761	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1762	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1763	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1764	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1765
1766	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1767
1768	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1769
1770
1771	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1772
1773
1774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1775	! Description:
1776	! ------------
1777	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1778	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1779	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1780	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1781
1782
1783	IMPLICIT NONE
1784
1785	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1786	!
1787	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1788	!-- the rotors
1789	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1790	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1791	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1792
1793	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1794	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1795	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1796
1797	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1798	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1799	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1800
1801	!
1802	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1803	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1804
1805	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1806	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1807	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1808	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1809	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1810	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1811	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1812	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1813	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1814	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1815	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1816	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1817	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1818	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1819	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1820	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1821	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1822	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1823	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1824	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1825	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1826	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1827	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1828	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1829
1830	!
1831	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1832	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1833	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1834	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1835	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1836
1837	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1838
1839
1840	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1841	! Description:
1842	! ------------
1843	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1844	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1845	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1846
1847
1848	IMPLICIT NONE
1849
1850	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1851
1852	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1853	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1854	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1855	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1856	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1857	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1858
1859	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1860	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1861	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1862
1863	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1864	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1865
1866	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1867
1868
1869	!
1870	! Variables for pitch control
1871	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1872
1873	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1874	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1875
1876	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1877
1878
1879	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1880
1881
1882	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1883
1884	!
1885	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1886	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1887	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1888	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1889	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1890	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1891	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1892	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1893	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1894	!
1895	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1896	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1897
1898	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1899	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1900	!
1901	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1902
1903	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1904	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1905	!$OMP DO
1906	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1907
1908	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1909	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1910	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1911	!
1912	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1913	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1914
1915	!
1916	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1917	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1918	!
1919	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1920	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1921	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1922	!
1923	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1924	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1925	!-- with y-axis):
1926	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1927	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1928	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1929
1930	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1931	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1932	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1933	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1934	re(3) = sin_rot
1935
1936	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1937	!
1938	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1939	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1940	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1941	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1942
1943	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1944	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1945	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1946	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1947	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1948
1949	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1950	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1951
1952	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1953	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1954
1955	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1956	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1957
1958	!
1959	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1960
1961	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1962	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1963	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1964	!
1965	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1966	!-- the current PE:
1967	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1968	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1969
1970	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1971	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1972	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1973	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1974	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1975	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1976	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1977	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1978	gg = dx * dy
1979
1980	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1981	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1982	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1983	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1984	) / gg
1985
1986	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1987	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1988	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1989	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1990	) / gg
1991
1992	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1993	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1994	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1995
1996	ELSE
1997	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1998	ENDIF
1999	ELSE
2000	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2001	ENDIF
2002
2003
2004	!
2005	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2006	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2007	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2008	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2009	!
2010	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2011	!-- the current PE:
2012	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2013	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2014
2015	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2016	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2017	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2018	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2019	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2020	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2021	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2022	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2023	gg = dx * dy
2024
2025	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
2026	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2027	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2028	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2029	) / gg
2030
2031	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2032	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2033	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2034	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2035	) / gg
2036
2037	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
2038	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2039	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2040
2041	ELSE
2042	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2043	ENDIF
2044	ELSE
2045	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2046	ENDIF
2047
2048
2049	!
2050	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2051	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2052	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2053	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2054	!
2055	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2056	!-- the current PE:
2057	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2058	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2059
2060	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2061	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2062	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2063	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2064	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2065	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2066	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2067	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2068	gg = dx * dy
2069
2070	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
2071	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2072	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2073	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2074	) / gg
2075
2076	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2077	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2078	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2079	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2080	) / gg
2081
2082	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
2083	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2084	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2085	ELSE
2086	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2087	ENDIF
2088	ELSE
2089	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2090	ENDIF
2091
2092	ENDDO
2093	ENDDO
2094	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2095
2096	ENDDO
2097
2098	!
2099	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2100	#if defined( __parallel )
2101	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2102	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2103	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2104	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2105	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2106	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2107	#else
2108	u_int = u_int_1_l
2109	v_int = v_int_1_l
2110	w_int = w_int_1_l
2111	#endif
2112
2113
2114	!
2115	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2116
2117	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2118	pit_loop: DO
2119
2120	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2121	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2122	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2123	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
2124	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
2125	ELSE
2126	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
2127	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
2128	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2129	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
2130	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2131	ENDIF
2132	ENDIF
2133
2134	!
2135	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2136	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2137	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2138	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2139	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2140	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2141	!$OMP DO
2142	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2143	!
2144	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2145	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2146	!
2147	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2148	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2149	!
2150	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2151	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2152	!-- with y-axis):
2153	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2154	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
2155	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
2156	!
2157	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2158	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2159	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2160	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2161	re(3) = sin_rot
2162
2163	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2164	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2165	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2166	rea(3) = cos_rot
2167
2168	!
2169	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2170	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2171	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2172	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2173	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2174	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2175	!
2176	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2177	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2178	!-- tilt:
2179	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2180	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2181	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2182	!
2183	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2184	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2185
2186	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2187
2188	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2189
2190	!
2191	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2192	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2193	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2194	!
2195	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2196	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2197	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2198	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2199	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2200	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2201	!
2202	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2203	!
2204	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2205	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2206	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2207	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2208	!
2209	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2210	!-- direction:
2211	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2212	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2213	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2214	!
2215	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2216	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2217
2218	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2219	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2220	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2221
2222	!
2223	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2224	!-- to the current radial position:
2225
2226	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2227	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2228
2229	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2230	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2231	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2232	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2233	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2234	ELSE
2235	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2236	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2237	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2238	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2239	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2240	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2241	ENDIF
2242
2243	!
2244	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2245	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2246	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2247	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2248	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2249	!
2250	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2251	!-- angle of attack:
2252	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2253	!
2254	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2255	!-- to angles given in degree:
2256	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2257	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2258	!
2259	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2260	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2261
2262	!
2263	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2264	!-- to the rotor:
2265	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2266	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2267	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2268
2269	!
2270	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2271	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2272	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2273	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2274
2275	!
2276	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2277	!-- the current radial position:
2278
2279	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2280	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2281	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2282	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2283	ELSE
2284	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2285	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2286	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2287	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2288	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2289	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2290	ENDIF
2291
2292	!
2293	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2294	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2295	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2296	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2297	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2298	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2299	!
2300	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2301	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2302	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2303	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2304	!
2305	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2306	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2307	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2308	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2309
2310	!
2311	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2312	!-- angles given in radian:
2313	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2314	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2315
2316	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2317
2318	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2319	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2320	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2321	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2322	!--
2323	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2324	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2325	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2326
2327	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2328
2329	ENDIF
2330	!
2331	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2332	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2333	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2334
2335	!
2336	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2337
2338	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2339	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2340
2341	!
2342	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2343	!-- for each ring segment:
2344	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2345	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2346	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2347
2348	!
2349	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2350	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2351	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2352	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2353	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2354	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2355	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2356	!
2357	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2358	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2359	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2360
2361	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2362	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2363
2364	!
2365	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2366	!$OMP CRITICAL
2367	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2368	thrust_seg(rseg)
2369
2370
2371	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2372	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2373
2374	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2375
2376	!
2377	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2378	!-- each ring:
2379	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2380	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2381	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2382
2383
2384	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2385	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2386
2387
2388	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2389
2390
2391	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2392	!
2393	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2394
2395	!
2396	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2397	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2398	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2399	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2400	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2401	( inertia_rot + &
2402	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2403
2404	!
2405	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2406	!-- and rotor speed
2407	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2408
2409	ENDIF
2410
2411	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2412
2413	!
2414	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2415	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2416	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2417	!-- gain
2418	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2419	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2420	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2421	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2422	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2423	!
2424	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2425	CYCLE pit_loop
2426	ENDIF
2427
2428	!
2429	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2430	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2431	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2432	ENDIF
2433	EXIT pit_loop
2434	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2435
2436
2437	!
2438	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2439
2440	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2441	!
2442	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2443	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2444	THEN
2445	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2446	THEN
2447	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2448	ENDIF
2449	ENDIF
2450
2451	ENDIF
2452
2453
2454	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2455
2456	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2457
2458
2459	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2460	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2461	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2462	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2463	!
2464	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2465	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2466	!
2467	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2468	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2469	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2470	!-- consideration
2471	!
2472	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2473	!-- of the model domain:
2474	!
2475	!--
2476	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2477	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2478	eps_min ) / dx )
2479	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2480	eps_min ) / dy )
2481
2482	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2483	!$OMP DO
2484	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2485	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2486	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2487	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2488	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2489	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2490	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2491	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2492	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2493	!
2494	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2495	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2496
2497	!
2498	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2499	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2500	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2501	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2502	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2503	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2504	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2505	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2506	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2507	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2508	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2509
2510	!
2511	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2512	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2513	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2514	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2515	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2516	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2517	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2518	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2519	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2520	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2521	flag
2522	ENDIF
2523	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2524	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2525	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2526	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2527	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2528	flag
2529	ENDIF
2530	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2531	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2532	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2533	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2534	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2535	flag
2536	ENDIF
2537
2538	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2539	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2540
2541	!
2542	!-- Rotation of force components:
2543	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2544	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2545	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2546	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2547	) * flag
2548
2549	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2550	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2551	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2552	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2553	) * flag
2554
2555	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2556	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2557	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2558	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2559	) * flag
2560
2561	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2562	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2563	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2564	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2565
2566	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2567
2568	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2569
2570
2571	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2572	!
2573	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2574	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2575	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2576	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2577	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2578	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2579	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2580
2581	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2582	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2583	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2584	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2585	start_up = .FALSE.
2586	ENDIF
2587
2588	!
2589	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2590	!--
2591	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2592	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2593	!
2594	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2595	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2596	THEN
2597	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2598	THEN
2599
2600	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2601
2602	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2603	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2604	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2605	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2606	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2607
2608	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2609
2610	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2611
2612	ENDIF
2613	ENDIF
2614
2615	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2616
2617	!
2618	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2619	#if defined( __parallel )
2620	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2621	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2622	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2623	comm2d, ierr )
2624	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2625	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2626	#else
2627	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2628	wdir = wdir_l
2629	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2630
2631
2632	#endif
2633	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2634	!
2635	!-- Update rotor orientation
2636	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2637
2638	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2639
2640	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2641
2642	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2643	!
2644	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2645	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2646	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2647	#if defined( __parallel )
2648	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2649	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2650	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2651	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2652	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2653	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2654	#else
2655	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2656	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2657	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2658	#endif
2659
2660	ENDIF
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2666
2667
2668
2669	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2670	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2671	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, omega_rot(inot), &
2672	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2673	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2674	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2675	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2676	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2677	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2678	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2679
2680	ELSE
2681
2682	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2683	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2684	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2685	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2686	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2687	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, omega_rot(inot), &
2688	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2689	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2690	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2691	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2692	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2693	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2694	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2695	ENDIF
2696	ENDIF
2697
2698	!-- Set open flag
2699	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2700	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2701
2702
2703
2704	ENDIF
2705
2706
2707	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2708
2709	!
2710	!-- Formats
2711	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2712	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2713	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
2714	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
2715	'YawOrient')
2716
2717	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
2718	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
2719
2720
2721
2722	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2723
2724
2725	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2726	! Description:
2727	! ------------
2728	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2729	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2730	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2731
2732	USE kinds
2733
2734	IMPLICIT NONE
2735
2736	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2737	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2738	REAL(wp) :: missal
2739
2740	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2741
2742	!
2743	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2744	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2745	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2746	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2747	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2748	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2749	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2750	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2751	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2752	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2753	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2754	!
2755	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2756	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2757	!
2758	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2759	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2760	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2761	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2762	!
2763	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2764	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2765
2766	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2767	!
2768	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2769	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2770	!
2771	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2772	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2773	!
2774	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2775	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2776	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2777	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2778	ENDIF
2779	ENDIF
2780
2781	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2782
2783	!
2784	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2785	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2786	!-- than min_miss
2787
2788	ELSE
2789	!
2790	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2791	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2792	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2793	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2794	!
2795	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2796	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2797	!
2798	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2799	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2800	!
2801	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2802	!-- yaw direction is still right
2803	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2804	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2805	!
2806	!-- Continue yawing
2807	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2808	ELSE
2809	!
2810	!-- Stop yawing
2811	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2812	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2813	ENDIF
2814	ELSE
2815	!
2816	!-- Continue yawing
2817	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2818	ENDIF
2819
2820	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2821
2822	ENDIF
2823
2824	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2825
2826
2827	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2828	! Description:
2829	! ------------
2830	!> Initialization of the speed control
2831	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2832	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2833
2834
2835	IMPLICIT NONE
2836
2837	!
2838	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2839	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2840	!
2841	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2842	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2843	!
2844	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2845	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2846	!
2847	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2848	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2849	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2850	!
2851	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2852	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2853	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2854	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2855	!
2856	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2857	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2858	!
2859	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2860	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2861	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2862	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2863	ENDIF
2864
2865	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2866
2867
2868	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2869	! Description:
2870	! ------------
2871	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2872	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2873	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2874
2875
2876	IMPLICIT NONE
2877
2878	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2879
2880
2881
2882	!
2883	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2884	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2885	!-- offshore system developement"
2886
2887	!
2888	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2889	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2890	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2891	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2892	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2893
2894	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2895	!
2896	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2897	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2898
2899	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2900	!
2901	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2902	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2903
2904	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2905	!
2906	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2907	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2908	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2909
2910	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2911	!
2912	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2913	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2914
2915	ELSE
2916	!
2917	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2918	!-- keep the power constant:
2919	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2920
2921	ENDIF
2922	!
2923	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2924	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2925	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2926	!
2927	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2928	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2929	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2930	!
2931	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2932	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2933
2934
2935	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2936
2937
2938	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2939	! Description:
2940	! ------------
2941	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2942	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2943	!> Call for all grid points
2944	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2945	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2946
2947
2948	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2949
2950	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2951	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2952	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2953
2954
2955	SELECT CASE ( location )
2956
2957	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2958
2959	CALL wtm_forces
2960
2961	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2962	!
2963	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2964	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2965	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2966	DO j = nysg, nyng
2967	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2968	!
2969	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2970	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2971	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2972	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2973	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2974
2975	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2976	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2977	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2978	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2979	ENDDO
2980	ENDDO
2981	ENDDO
2982	ENDIF
2983
2984	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2985	!
2986	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2987	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2988	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2989	DO j = nysg, nyng
2990	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2991	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2992	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2993	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2994	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2995	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2996	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2997	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2998	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2999	ENDDO
3000	ENDDO
3001	ENDDO
3002	ENDIF
3003
3004	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3005	!
3006	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3007	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3008	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3009	DO j = nysg, nyng
3010	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3011	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3012	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3013	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3014	ENDDO
3015	ENDDO
3016	ENDDO
3017	ENDIF
3018
3019
3020	CASE DEFAULT
3021	CONTINUE
3022
3023	END SELECT
3024
3025
3026	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3027
3028
3029	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3030	! Description:
3031	! ------------
3032	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3033	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3034	!> Call for grid point i,j
3035	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3036	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3037
3038
3039	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3040	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3041	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3042	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3043
3044	SELECT CASE ( location )
3045
3046	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3047
3048	CALL wtm_forces
3049
3050	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3051	!
3052	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3053	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3054	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3055	!
3056	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3057	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3058	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3059	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3060	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3061	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3062	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3063	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3064	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3065	ENDDO
3066	ENDIF
3067
3068	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3069	!
3070	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3071	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3072	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3073	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3074	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3075	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3076	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3077	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3078	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3079	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3080	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3081	ENDDO
3082	ENDIF
3083
3084	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3085	!
3086	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3087	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3088	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3089	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3090	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3091	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3092	ENDDO
3093	ENDIF
3094
3095
3096	CASE DEFAULT
3097	CONTINUE
3098
3099	END SELECT
3100
3101
3102	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3103
3104
3105	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3106
3107
3108	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3109
3110	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3111
3112	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3113
3114	!
3115	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
3116	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3117	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:nturbines) )
3118	output_values_1d_target = rcx(1:nturbines)
3119	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3120	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3121	'x', &
3122	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3123	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3124	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
3125
3126	output_values_1d_target = rcy(1:nturbines)
3127	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3128	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3129	'y', &
3130	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3131	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3132	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
3133
3134	output_values_1d_target = rcz(1:nturbines)
3135	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3136	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3137	'z', &
3138	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3139	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3140	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
3141
3142	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3143	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3144	ENDIF
3145
3146	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3147
3148	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:nturbines) )
3149	output_values_1d_target = omega_rot(:)
3150	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3151
3152	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3153	'rotor_speed', &
3154	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3155	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3156	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3157
3158	output_values_1d_target = omega_gen(:)
3159	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3160	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3161	'generator_speed', &
3162	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3163	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3164	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3165
3166	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3167	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3168
3169	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3170	'generator_torque', &
3171	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3172	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3173	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3174
3175	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3176	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3177
3178	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3179	'rotor_torque', &
3180	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3181	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3182	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3183
3184	output_values_1d_target = pitch_add(:)
3185	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3186
3187	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3188	'pitch_angle', &
3189	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3190	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3191	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3192
3193	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)omega_gen(:)gen_eff
3194	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3195
3196	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3197	'generator_power', &
3198	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3199	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3200	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3201
3202	DO inot = 1, nturbines
3203	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens
3204	ENDDO
3205	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3206
3207	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3208	'rotor_power', &
3209	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3210	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3211	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3212
3213	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3214	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3215
3216	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3217	'rotor_thrust', &
3218	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3219	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3220	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3221
3222	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3223	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3224
3225	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3226	'wind_direction', &
3227	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3228	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3229	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3230
3231	output_values_1d_target = (phi_yaw(:))*180.0_wp/pi
3232	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3233
3234	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3235	'yaw_angle', &
3236	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3237	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3238	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3239
3240	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3241	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3242
3243	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3244	'time', &
3245	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3246	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3247	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3248
3249	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3250
3251	ENDIF
3252
3253	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3254
3255	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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