Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4423

Last change on this file since 4423 was 4423, checked in by maronga, 4 years ago
Switched back to serial NetCDF output for wind turbine output
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 140.8 KB

Line
1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga $
28	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
29	!
30	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
31	! Added output control for wind turbine model
32	!
33	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
34	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
35	!
36	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
37	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
38	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
39	!
40	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
41	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
42	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
43	!
44	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
45	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
46	! greater than dlen
47	!
48	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
49	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
50	!
51	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
52	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
53	! torque and power values
54	!
55	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
56	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
57	!
58	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
59	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
60	!
61	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
62	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
63	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
64	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
65	!
66	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
67	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
68	! of additional debug messages
69	!
70	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
71	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
72	!
73	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
74	! instrumented with openmp directives
75	!
76	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
77	! unused variables removed
78	!
79	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
80	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
81	!
82	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
83	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
84	!
85	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
86	! Initial revision
87	!
88	!
89	! Description:
90	! ------------
91	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
92	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
93	!> (ADM-R).
94	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
95	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
96	!> yaw.
97	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
98	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
99	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
100	!> automatically).
101	!>
102	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
103	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
104	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
105	!> @todo Generate header information
106	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
107	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
108	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
109	!> @todo Include additional output variables
110	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
111	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
112	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
113	!
114	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
115	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
116
117	USE arrays_3d, &
118	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
119
120	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
121	ONLY: pi
122
123	USE control_parameters, &
124	ONLY: coupling_char, &
125	debug_output, &
126	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, time_since_reference_point,&
127	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
128
129	USE cpulog, &
130	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
131
132	USE data_output_module
133
134	USE grid_variables, &
135	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
136
137	USE indices, &
138	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
139	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
140
141	USE kinds
142
143	USE pegrid
144
145
146	IMPLICIT NONE
147
148	PRIVATE
149
150
151
152	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
153	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
154
155	!
156	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
157
158	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
159	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
160
161
162
163	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
164	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
165	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
166	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
167
168	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
169	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
170	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
171	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
172
173	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
174
175	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 1.0_wp !< data output interval
176	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
177
178
179	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
180	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
181	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
182	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
183	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
184	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
185
186
187	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
188	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100), TARGET :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
189	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
190	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
191	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
192	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
193	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
194	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
195	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
196	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
198
199	!
200	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
201	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
202
203	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
204	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
205	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
206	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
207	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
208	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
209	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
210	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
211	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
212	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
213	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
214	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
215	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
216	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
217
218
219	!
220	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
221
222	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
223	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
224	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
225
226	!
227	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
228	TYPE file_status
229	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
230	END TYPE file_status
231
232	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
233	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
234
235	!
236	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
237
238	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
239	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
240	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
241	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
242	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
243
244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
245
246	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
247	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
248	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
249	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
250	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
251	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
252	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
253	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
254
255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
256
257	!
258	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
259	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
260	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
261	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
262	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
263	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
264	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
265
266	!
267	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
272
273	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
274	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
275
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
278
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
281
282	!
283	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
284
285	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
286	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
287	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
288	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
289	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
290	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
291	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
292	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
293	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
294	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
295	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
296	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
297	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
298	!
299	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
300	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
301	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
302	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
303	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
304	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
305
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
315
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
318
319	!
320	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
327
328	!
329	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
333
334	!
335	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
339
340	!
341	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
345
346	!
347	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
351	!
352	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
354
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
364
365	!
366	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
367
368	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
369
370	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
371	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
372	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
373	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
374	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
375	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
376	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
377	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
378
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
380
381	!
382	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
383
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
394	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
395	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
396	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
397
398	!
399	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
407
408
409	SAVE
410
411
412	INTERFACE wtm_parin
413	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
414	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
415
416	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
417	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
418	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
419
420	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
421	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
422	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
423
424	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
425	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
426	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
427
428	INTERFACE wtm_init
429	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
430	END INTERFACE wtm_init
431
432	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
433	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
434	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
435
436	INTERFACE wtm_actions
437	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
438	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
439	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
440
441	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
442	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
443	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
444
445	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
446	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
447	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
448
449
450	PUBLIC &
451	dt_data_output_wtm, &
452	time_wtm, &
453	wind_turbine
454
455	PUBLIC &
456	wtm_parin, &
457	wtm_check_parameters, &
458	wtm_data_output, &
459	wtm_init_arrays, &
460	wtm_init_output, &
461	wtm_init, &
462	wtm_actions, &
463	wtm_rrd_global, &
464	wtm_wrd_global
465
466
467	CONTAINS
468
469
470	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
471	! Description:
472	! ------------
473	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
474	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
475	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
476
477
478	IMPLICIT NONE
479
480	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
481
482
483	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
484	air_dens, dtow, dt_data_output_wtm, gear_eff,&
485	gear_ratio, &
486	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
487	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
488	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
489	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
490	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
491	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
492	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
493	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
494	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
495	! , turb_cd_nacelle
496	!
497	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
498	REWIND ( 11 )
499	line = ' '
500	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
501	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
502	ENDDO
503	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
504
505	!
506	!-- Read user-defined namelist
507	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
508	!
509	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
510	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
511
512	GOTO 12
513
514	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
515	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
516	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
517
518
519	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
520
521
522	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
523
524
525	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
526	! Description:
527	! ------------
528	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
530	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
531
532
533	IMPLICIT NONE
534
535
536	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
537	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
538
539	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
540	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
541
542	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
543	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
544
545	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
546	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
547
548	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
549	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
550
551	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
552	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
553
554	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
555	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
556
557	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
558	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
559
560	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
561	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
562
563	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
564	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
565
566
567	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
568
569
570	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
571	! Description:
572	! ------------
573	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
574	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
575	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
576
577
578	USE control_parameters, &
579	ONLY: length, restart_string
580
581
582	IMPLICIT NONE
583
584	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
585
586
587	found = .TRUE.
588
589
590	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
591
592	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
593	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
594	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
595	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
596	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
597	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
598	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
599	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
600	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
601	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
602	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
603	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
604	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
605	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
606	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
607	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
608	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
609	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
610	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
611	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
612
613	CASE DEFAULT
614
615	found = .FALSE.
616
617	END SELECT
618
619
620	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
621
622
623	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
624	! Description:
625	! ------------
626	!> Check namelist parameter
627	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
628	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
629
630
631	IMPLICIT NONE
632
633	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
634	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
635	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
636	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
637	ENDIF
638
639	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
640	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
641	'a value equal or larger than zero'
642	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
643	ENDIF
644
645
646	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
647	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
648	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
649
650	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
651	'have to be given for each turbine.'
652	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
653
654	ENDIF
655
656	IF ( dt_data_output_wtm <= 0.0 ) THEN
657	message_string = 'dt_data_output_wtm must be > 0.0'
658	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0709', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
659	ENDIF
660
661
662	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
663	!
664
665	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
666	! Description:
667	! ------------
668	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
669	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
670	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
671
672
673	IMPLICIT NONE
674
675	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
676	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
677
678	!
679	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
680	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
681
682	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
683	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
684
685	nrings(:) = 0
686	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
687
688	!
689	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
690	delta_r_factor = segment_width
691	delta_t_factor = segment_length
692	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
693
694	DO inot = 1, nturbines
695	!
696	!-- Determine number of rings:
697	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
698
699	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
700
701	ENDDO
702
703	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
704
705	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
706	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
707
708	nsegs(:,:) = 0
709	nsegs_total(:) = 0
710
711
712	DO inot = 1, nturbines
713	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
714	!
715	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
716	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
717	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
718	delta_t_factor ) )
719	ENDDO
720	!
721	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
722	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
723
724	ENDDO
725
726	!
727	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
728	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
729
730	!!
731	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
732	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
733	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
734	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
735	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
736	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
737	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
738	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
739	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
740	! ENDIF
741
742
743	!
744	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
745	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
746	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
747	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
748	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
749	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
750	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
751	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
752	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
753
754	!
755	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
756	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
757	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
758	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
759	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
760	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
761	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
762
763	!
764	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
765	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
766	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
767	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
768	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
769	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
770	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
771	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
772	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
773	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
774	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
775
776	!
777	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
778	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
779	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
780	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
781	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
782	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
783	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
784
785	!
786	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
787	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
788	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
789	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
790
791	!
792	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
793	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
794	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
795	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
796	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
797	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
798	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
799	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
800	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
801
802	!
803	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
804	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
805	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
806	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
807	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
808	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
809	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
810
811	!
812	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
813	i_hub(:) = 0
814	i_smear(:) = 0
815	j_hub(:) = 0
816	j_smear(:) = 0
817	k_hub(:) = 0
818	k_smear(:) = 0
819
820	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
821	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
822
823	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
824	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
825	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
826	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
827	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
828	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
829	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
830	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
831	ENDIF
832
833	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
834	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
835	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
836	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
837	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
838	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
839
840	!
841	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
842	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
843	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
844	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
845	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
846	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
847	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
848	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
849	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
850	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
851	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
852
853	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
855	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
856	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
858	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
859
860	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
861	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
862	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
863
864	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
865	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
866	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
867	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
868	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
869	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
870	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
871	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
872
873	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
874	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
875	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
876	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
877	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
878	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
879
880
881	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
882
883
884	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
885	! Description:
886	! ------------
887	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
888	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
889	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
890
891
892	USE control_parameters, &
893	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
894
895	IMPLICIT NONE
896
897
898
899	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
900	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
901	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
902
903
904	!
905	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
906	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
907
908	!
909	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
910	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
911	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
912
913	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
914
915	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
916	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
917	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
918	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
919
920	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
921
922	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
923	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
924	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
925	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
926
927	!
928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
929	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
930	!-- (smearing of the forces)
931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
932	!
933	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
934	!-- be calculated:
935
936	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
937	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
938	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
939	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
940	!
941	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
942	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
943	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
944	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
945	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
946	!
947	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
948	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
949	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
950	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
951	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
952	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
953	eps_min) THEN
954	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
955	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
956	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
957	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
958	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
959	ENDIF
960	!
961	!-- Square of eps_min:
962	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
963	!
964	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
965	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
966	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
967	!
968	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
969	!-- function:
970	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
971
972	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
973	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
974
975	!
976	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
977	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
978	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
979	ENDIF
980
981
982	DO inot = 1, nturbines
983	!
984	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
985	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
986
987	!
988	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
989	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
990	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
991	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
992
993	!
994	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
995	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
996	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
997	!-- function of eps_min:
998	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
999	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1000	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1001
1002	ENDDO
1003
1004	!
1005	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1006	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1007	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1008
1009	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1010
1011	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1012
1013	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1014
1015	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1016	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1017	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1018	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1019	ENDIF
1020
1021	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1022	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1023	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1024	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1025	ENDIF
1026
1027	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1028	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1029	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1030	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1031	ENDIF
1032
1033	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1034	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1035	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1036	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1037	ENDIF
1038
1039	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1040	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1041
1042	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1043
1044	ENDIF
1045	ENDIF
1046
1047	END DO
1048
1049	ENDIF
1050
1051	ENDIF
1052
1053	!
1054	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1055	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1056	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1057	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1058	!
1059	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1060	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1061
1062	!
1063	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1064	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1065	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1066
1067	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1068
1069	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1070
1071
1072	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1073	!
1074	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1075	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1076	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1077	i = i_hub(inot)
1078
1079	!
1080	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1081	!-- grid point indices):
1082	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1083	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1084	!
1085	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1086	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1087	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1088	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1089	!-- in grid box 1.
1090	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1091	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1092
1093	!
1094	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1095	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1096	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1097	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1098
1099	!
1100	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1101	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1102	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1103
1104	DO j = nys, nyn
1105	!
1106	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1107	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1108
1109	DO k = nzb, nzt
1110
1111	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1112	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1113	!
1114	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1115	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1116	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1117	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1118	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1119	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1120	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1121	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1122	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1123	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1124	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1125	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1126	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1127	!
1128	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1129	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1130	ELSE
1131	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1132	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1133	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1134	ENDIF
1135	!
1136	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1137	ELSE
1138	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1139	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1140	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1141	ENDIF
1142	!
1143	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1144	!-- are carried out:
1145	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1146
1147	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1148	!
1149	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1150	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1151	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1152	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1153	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1154	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1155	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1156	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1157	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1158	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1159	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1160	!
1161	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1162	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1163	ELSE
1164	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1165	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1166	ENDIF
1167	!
1168	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1169	ELSE
1170	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1171	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1172	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1173
1174	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1175
1176	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1177
1178	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1179
1180	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1181
1182	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1183
1184
1185	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1186
1187	!
1188	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1189	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1190	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1191	!!
1192	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1193	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1194	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1195	!
1196	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1197	!
1198	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1199	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1200	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1201	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1202	!!
1203	!!-- bottom intersection point
1204	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1205	!!
1206	!!-- top intersection point
1207	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1208	! ELSE
1209	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1210	! ENDIF
1211	! ENDDO
1212	!
1213	!
1214	! DO j = nys, nyn
1215	!!
1216	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1217	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1218	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1219	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1220	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1221	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1222	!!
1223	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1224	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1225	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1226	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1227	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1228	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1229	!!
1230	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1231	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1232	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1233	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1234	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1235	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1236	! dz_int = dz
1237	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1238	!!
1239	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1240	!!-- within the current grid box:
1241	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1242	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1243	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1244	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1245	! ENDIF
1246	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1247	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1248	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1249	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1250	! ENDIF
1251	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1252	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1253	! ENDIF
1254	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1255	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1256	! ENDIF
1257	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1258	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1259	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1260	! ENDIF
1261	! ENDDO
1262	! ENDIF
1263	! ENDDO
1264	! ENDIF
1265	!
1266	! ENDDO
1267	!
1268	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1269
1270	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1271
1272	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1273	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1274
1275	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1282
1283	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1284
1285
1286
1287	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1288
1289
1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1291	INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1292	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1293
1294	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1295
1296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1297
1298
1299	!
1300	!-- Create NetCDF output file
1301	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1302	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1303
1304	ntimesteps = MIN( CEILING( &
1305	( end_time - MAX( time_turbine_on, time_since_reference_point ) &
1306	) / MAX( 0.1_wp, dt_data_output_wtm ) ), ntimesteps_max )
1307
1308
1309	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1310	!
1311	!-- Define dimensions in output file
1312	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:nturbines) )
1313	DO n = 1, nturbines
1314	ndim(n) = n
1315	ENDDO
1316	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1317	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1318	output_type = 'int32', &
1319	bounds = (/1_iwp, nturbines/), &
1320	values_int32 = ndim )
1321	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1322
1323
1324	!
1325	!-- time
1326	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1327	dimension_name = 'time', &
1328	output_type = 'real32', &
1329	bounds = (/1_iwp, ntimesteps/), &
1330	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1331
1332
1333	!
1334	!-- x
1335	variable_name = 'x'
1336	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1337	variable_name = variable_name, &
1338	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1339	output_type = 'real32' )
1340	!
1341	!-- y
1342	variable_name = 'y'
1343	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1344	variable_name = variable_name, &
1345	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1346	output_type = 'real32' )
1347
1348	variable_name = 'z'
1349	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1350	variable_name = variable_name, &
1351	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1352	output_type = 'real32' )
1353
1354
1355	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1356	variable_name = 'time', &
1357	attribute_name = 'units', &
1358	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1359
1360	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1361	variable_name = 'x', &
1362	attribute_name = 'units', &
1363	value = 'm' )
1364
1365	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1366	variable_name = 'y', &
1367	attribute_name = 'units', &
1368	value = 'm' )
1369
1370	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1371	variable_name = 'z', &
1372	attribute_name = 'units', &
1373	value = 'm' )
1374
1375	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1376	variable_name = 'x', &
1377	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1378	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1379
1380	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1381	variable_name = 'y', &
1382	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1383	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1384
1385	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1386	variable_name = 'z', &
1387	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1388	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1389
1390
1391	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1392	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1393	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1394	value = 'turbine name')
1395
1396	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1397	variable_name = 'time', &
1398	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1399	value = 'time')
1400
1401	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1402	variable_name = 'time', &
1403	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1404	value = 'T')
1405
1406	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1407	variable_name = 'x', &
1408	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1409	value = 'X' )
1410
1411	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1412	variable_name = 'y', &
1413	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1414	value = 'Y' )
1415
1416
1417	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1418	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1419	variable_name = variable_name, &
1420	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1421	output_type = 'real32' )
1422
1423	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1424	variable_name = variable_name, &
1425	attribute_name = 'units', &
1426	value = 'rad/s' )
1427
1428	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1429	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1430	variable_name = variable_name, &
1431	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1432	output_type = 'real32' )
1433
1434	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1435	variable_name = variable_name, &
1436	attribute_name = 'units', &
1437	value = 'rad/s' )
1438
1439
1440	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1441	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1442	variable_name = variable_name, &
1443	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1444	output_type = 'real32' )
1445
1446	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1447	variable_name = variable_name, &
1448	attribute_name = 'units', &
1449	value = 'Nm' )
1450
1451	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1452	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1453	variable_name = variable_name, &
1454	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1455	output_type = 'real32' )
1456
1457	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1458	variable_name = variable_name, &
1459	attribute_name = 'units', &
1460	value = 'Nm' )
1461
1462	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1463	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1464	variable_name = variable_name, &
1465	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1466	output_type = 'real32' )
1467
1468	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1469	variable_name = variable_name, &
1470	attribute_name = 'units', &
1471	value = 'degrees' )
1472
1473	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1474	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1475	variable_name = variable_name, &
1476	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1477	output_type = 'real32' )
1478
1479	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1480	variable_name = variable_name, &
1481	attribute_name = 'units', &
1482	value = 'W' )
1483
1484	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1485	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1486	variable_name = variable_name, &
1487	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1488	output_type = 'real32' )
1489
1490	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1491	variable_name = variable_name, &
1492	attribute_name = 'units', &
1493	value = 'W' )
1494
1495	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1496	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1497	variable_name = variable_name, &
1498	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1499	output_type = 'real32' )
1500
1501	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1502	variable_name = variable_name, &
1503	attribute_name = 'units', &
1504	value = 'N' )
1505
1506
1507	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1508	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1509	variable_name = variable_name, &
1510	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1511	output_type = 'real32' )
1512
1513	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1514	variable_name = variable_name, &
1515	attribute_name = 'units', &
1516	value = 'degrees' )
1517
1518	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1519	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1520	variable_name = variable_name, &
1521	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1522	output_type = 'real32' )
1523
1524	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1525	variable_name = variable_name, &
1526	attribute_name = 'units', &
1527	value = 'degrees' )
1528
1529	ENDIF
1530	END SUBROUTINE
1531
1532	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1533	! Description:
1534	! ------------
1535	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1536	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1537	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1538	!
1539	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1540
1541
1542	IMPLICIT NONE
1543
1544	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1545	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1546
1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1548
1549	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1550
1551	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1552	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1553	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1554	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1555	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1556	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1557	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1558	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1559	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1561
1562	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1563	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1564	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1565
1566	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1567	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1568
1569	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1570	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1571	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1572	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1573	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1574
1575	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1576	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1577	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1578	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1579	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1580
1581	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1582
1583	!
1584	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1585	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1586
1587	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1588
1589	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1590	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1591	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1592	ENDIF
1593	!
1594	!-- Read distribution table:
1595
1596	dlen = 0
1597
1598	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1599
1600	rloop3: DO
1601	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1602	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1603	dlen = dlen + 1
1604	ENDDO rloop3
1605
1606	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1607
1608	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1609	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1610	ENDDO
1611
1612	DO jj = 1,dlen
1613	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1614	ENDDO
1615
1616	!
1617	!-- Read layout table:
1618
1619	dlen = 0
1620
1621	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1622
1623	rloop1: DO
1624	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1625	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1626	dlen = dlen + 1
1627	ENDDO rloop1
1628
1629	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1630	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1631	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1632	ENDDO
1633	DO jj = 1, dlen
1634	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1635	ENDDO
1636
1637	!
1638	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1639
1640	dlen = 0
1641
1642	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1643
1644	rloop2: DO
1645	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1646	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1647	dlen = dlen + 1
1648	ENDDO rloop2
1649
1650	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1651	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1652
1653	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1654	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1655	ENDDO
1656
1657	DO jj = 1,dlen
1658	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1659	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1660	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1661	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1662	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1663	ENDDO
1664
1665	ENDDO
1666
1667	dlenbl = dlen
1668
1669	CLOSE ( 90 )
1670
1671	!
1672	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1673	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1674	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1675	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1676	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1677
1678	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1679	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1680	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1681	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1682
1683	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1684	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1685
1686	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1687	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1688
1689	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1690
1691	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1692	!
1693	!-- Find position in table 1
1694	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1695	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1696
1697	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1698	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1699	ENDIF
1700
1701	trow = lct(1)
1702	!
1703	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1704	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1705	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1706	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1707	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1708
1709	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1710	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1711	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1712	ENDIF
1713
1714	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1715	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1716	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1717	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1718	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1719
1720	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1721	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1722	! explicitly
1723	ELSE
1724	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1725	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1726	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1727	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1728	!
1729	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1730	!-- explicitly
1731	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1732	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1733	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1734	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1735	ENDIF
1736
1737	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1738
1739	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1740	ialpha = 1
1741
1742	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1743	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1744	ENDDO
1745
1746	!
1747	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1748	!-- segments and angles of attack
1749
1750	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1751	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1752	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1753	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1754	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1755	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1756	( alpha_attack_i - &
1757	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1758	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1759	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1760	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1761	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1762	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1763	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1764	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1765	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1766	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1767	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1768	( alpha_attack_i - &
1769	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1770	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1771	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1772	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1773	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1774
1775	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1776
1777	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1778
1779
1780	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1781
1782
1783	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1784	! Description:
1785	! ------------
1786	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1787	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1788	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1789	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1790
1791
1792	IMPLICIT NONE
1793
1794	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1795	!
1796	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1797	!-- the rotors
1798	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1799	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1800	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1801
1802	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1803	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1804	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1805
1806	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1807	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1808	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1809
1810	!
1811	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1812	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1813
1814	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1815	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1816	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1817	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1818	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1819	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1820	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1821	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1822	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1823	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1824	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1825	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1826	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1827	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1828	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1829	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1830	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1831	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1832	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1833	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1834	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1835	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1836	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1837	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1838
1839	!
1840	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1841	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1842	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1843	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1844	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1845
1846	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1847
1848
1849	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1850	! Description:
1851	! ------------
1852	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1853	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1854	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1855
1856
1857	IMPLICIT NONE
1858
1859	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1860
1861	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1862	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1863	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1864	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1865	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1866	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1867
1868	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1869	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1870	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1871
1872	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1873	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1874
1875	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1876
1877
1878	!
1879	! Variables for pitch control
1880	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1881
1882	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1883	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1884
1885	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1886
1887
1888	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1889
1890
1891	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1892
1893	!
1894	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1895	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1896	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1897	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1898	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1899	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1900	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1901	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1902	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1903	!
1904	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1905	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1906
1907	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1908	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1909	!
1910	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1911
1912	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1913	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1914	!$OMP DO
1915	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1916
1917	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1918	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1919	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1920	!
1921	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1922	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1923
1924	!
1925	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1926	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1927	!
1928	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1929	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1930	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1931	!
1932	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1933	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1934	!-- with y-axis):
1935	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1936	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1937	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1938
1939	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1940	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1941	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1942	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1943	re(3) = sin_rot
1944
1945	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1946	!
1947	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1948	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1949	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1950	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1951
1952	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1953	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1954	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1955	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1956	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1957
1958	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1959	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1960
1961	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1962	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1963
1964	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1965	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1966
1967	!
1968	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1969
1970	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1971	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1972	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1973	!
1974	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1975	!-- the current PE:
1976	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1977	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1978
1979	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1980	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1981	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1982	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1983	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1984	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1985	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1986	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1987	gg = dx * dy
1988
1989	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1990	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1991	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1992	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1993	) / gg
1994
1995	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1996	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1997	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1998	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1999	) / gg
2000
2001	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
2002	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2003	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2004
2005	ELSE
2006	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2007	ENDIF
2008	ELSE
2009	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2010	ENDIF
2011
2012
2013	!
2014	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2015	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2016	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2017	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2018	!
2019	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2020	!-- the current PE:
2021	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2022	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2023
2024	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2025	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2026	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2027	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2028	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2029	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2030	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2031	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2032	gg = dx * dy
2033
2034	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
2035	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2036	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2037	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2038	) / gg
2039
2040	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2041	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2042	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2043	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2044	) / gg
2045
2046	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
2047	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2048	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2049
2050	ELSE
2051	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2052	ENDIF
2053	ELSE
2054	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2055	ENDIF
2056
2057
2058	!
2059	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2060	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2061	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2062	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2063	!
2064	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2065	!-- the current PE:
2066	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2067	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2068
2069	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2070	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2071	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2072	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2073	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2074	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2075	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2076	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2077	gg = dx * dy
2078
2079	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
2080	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2081	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2082	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2083	) / gg
2084
2085	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2086	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2087	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2088	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2089	) / gg
2090
2091	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
2092	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2093	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2094	ELSE
2095	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2096	ENDIF
2097	ELSE
2098	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2099	ENDIF
2100
2101	ENDDO
2102	ENDDO
2103	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2104
2105	ENDDO
2106
2107	!
2108	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2109	#if defined( __parallel )
2110	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2111	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2112	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2113	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2114	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2115	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2116	#else
2117	u_int = u_int_1_l
2118	v_int = v_int_1_l
2119	w_int = w_int_1_l
2120	#endif
2121
2122
2123	!
2124	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2125
2126	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2127	pit_loop: DO
2128
2129	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2130	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2131	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2132	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
2133	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
2134	ELSE
2135	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
2136	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
2137	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2138	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
2139	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2140	ENDIF
2141	ENDIF
2142
2143	!
2144	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2145	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2146	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2147	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2148	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2149	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2150	!$OMP DO
2151	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2152	!
2153	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2154	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2155	!
2156	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2157	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2158	!
2159	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2160	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2161	!-- with y-axis):
2162	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2163	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
2164	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
2165	!
2166	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2167	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2168	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2169	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2170	re(3) = sin_rot
2171
2172	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2173	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2174	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2175	rea(3) = cos_rot
2176
2177	!
2178	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2179	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2180	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2181	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2182	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2183	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2184	!
2185	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2186	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2187	!-- tilt:
2188	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2189	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2190	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2191	!
2192	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2193	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2194
2195	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2196
2197	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2198
2199	!
2200	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2201	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2202	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2203	!
2204	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2205	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2206	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2207	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2208	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2209	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2210	!
2211	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2212	!
2213	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2214	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2215	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2216	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2217	!
2218	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2219	!-- direction:
2220	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2221	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2222	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2223	!
2224	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2225	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2226
2227	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2228	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2229	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2230
2231	!
2232	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2233	!-- to the current radial position:
2234
2235	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2236	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2237
2238	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2239	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2240	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2241	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2242	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2243	ELSE
2244	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2245	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2246	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2247	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2248	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2249	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2250	ENDIF
2251
2252	!
2253	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2254	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2255	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2256	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2257	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2258	!
2259	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2260	!-- angle of attack:
2261	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2262	!
2263	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2264	!-- to angles given in degree:
2265	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2266	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2267	!
2268	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2269	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2270
2271	!
2272	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2273	!-- to the rotor:
2274	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2275	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2276	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2277
2278	!
2279	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2280	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2281	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2282	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2283
2284	!
2285	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2286	!-- the current radial position:
2287
2288	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2289	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2290	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2291	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2292	ELSE
2293	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2294	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2295	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2296	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2297	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2298	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2299	ENDIF
2300
2301	!
2302	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2303	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2304	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2305	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2306	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2307	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2308	!
2309	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2310	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2311	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2312	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2313	!
2314	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2315	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2316	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2317	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2318
2319	!
2320	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2321	!-- angles given in radian:
2322	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2323	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2324
2325	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2326
2327	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2328	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2329	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2330	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2331	!--
2332	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2333	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2334	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2335
2336	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2337
2338	ENDIF
2339	!
2340	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2341	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2342	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2343
2344	!
2345	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2346
2347	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2348	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2349
2350	!
2351	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2352	!-- for each ring segment:
2353	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2354	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2355	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2356
2357	!
2358	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2359	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2360	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2361	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2362	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2363	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2364	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2365	!
2366	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2367	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2368	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2369
2370	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2371	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2372
2373	!
2374	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2375	!$OMP CRITICAL
2376	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2377	thrust_seg(rseg)
2378
2379
2380	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2381	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2382
2383	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2384
2385	!
2386	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2387	!-- each ring:
2388	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2389	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2390	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2391
2392
2393	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2394	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2395
2396
2397	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2398
2399
2400	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2401	!
2402	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2403
2404	!
2405	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2406	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2407	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2408	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2409	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2410	( inertia_rot + &
2411	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2412
2413	!
2414	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2415	!-- and rotor speed
2416	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2417
2418	ENDIF
2419
2420	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2421
2422	!
2423	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2424	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2425	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2426	!-- gain
2427	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2428	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2429	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2430	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2431	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2432	!
2433	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2434	CYCLE pit_loop
2435	ENDIF
2436
2437	!
2438	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2439	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2440	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2441	ENDIF
2442	EXIT pit_loop
2443	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2444
2445
2446	!
2447	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2448
2449	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2450	!
2451	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2452	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2453	THEN
2454	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2455	THEN
2456	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2457	ENDIF
2458	ENDIF
2459
2460	ENDIF
2461
2462
2463	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2464
2465	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2466
2467
2468	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2469	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2470	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2471	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2472	!
2473	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2474	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2475	!
2476	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2477	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2478	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2479	!-- consideration
2480	!
2481	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2482	!-- of the model domain:
2483	!
2484	!--
2485	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2486	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2487	eps_min ) / dx )
2488	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2489	eps_min ) / dy )
2490
2491	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2492	!$OMP DO
2493	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2494	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2495	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2496	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2497	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2498	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2499	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2500	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2501	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2502	!
2503	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2504	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2505
2506	!
2507	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2508	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2509	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2510	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2511	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2512	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2513	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2514	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2515	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2516	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2517	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2518
2519	!
2520	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2521	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2522	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2523	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2524	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2525	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2526	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2527	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2528	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2529	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2530	flag
2531	ENDIF
2532	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2533	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2534	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2535	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2536	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2537	flag
2538	ENDIF
2539	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2540	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2541	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2542	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2543	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2544	flag
2545	ENDIF
2546
2547	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2548	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2549
2550	!
2551	!-- Rotation of force components:
2552	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2553	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2554	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2555	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2556	) * flag
2557
2558	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2559	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2560	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2561	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2562	) * flag
2563
2564	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2565	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2566	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2567	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2568	) * flag
2569
2570	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2571	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2572	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2573	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2574
2575	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2576
2577	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2578
2579
2580	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2581	!
2582	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2583	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2584	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2585	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2586	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2587	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2588	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2589
2590	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2591	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2592	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2593	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2594	start_up = .FALSE.
2595	ENDIF
2596
2597	!
2598	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2599	!--
2600	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2601	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2602	!
2603	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2604	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2605	THEN
2606	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2607	THEN
2608
2609	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2610
2611	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2612	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2613	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2614	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2615	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2616
2617	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2618
2619	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2620
2621	ENDIF
2622	ENDIF
2623
2624	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2625
2626	!
2627	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2628	#if defined( __parallel )
2629	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2630	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2631	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2632	comm2d, ierr )
2633	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2634	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2635	#else
2636	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2637	wdir = wdir_l
2638	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2639
2640
2641	#endif
2642	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2643	!
2644	!-- Update rotor orientation
2645	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2646
2647	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2648
2649	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2650
2651	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2652	!
2653	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2654	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2655	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2656	#if defined( __parallel )
2657	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2658	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2659	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2660	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2661	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2662	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2663	#else
2664	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2665	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2666	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2667	#endif
2668
2669	ENDIF
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2675
2676
2677
2678	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2679	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2680	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, omega_rot(inot), &
2681	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2682	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2683	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2684	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2685	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2686	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2687	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2688
2689	ELSE
2690
2691	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2692	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2693	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2694	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2695	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2696	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) time_since_reference_point, omega_rot(inot), &
2697	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2698	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2699	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2700	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2701	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2702	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2703	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2704	ENDIF
2705	ENDIF
2706
2707	!-- Set open flag
2708	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2709	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2710
2711
2712
2713	ENDIF
2714
2715
2716	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2717
2718	!
2719	!-- Formats
2720	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2721	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2722	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
2723	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
2724	'YawOrient')
2725
2726	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
2727	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
2728
2729
2730
2731	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2732
2733
2734	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2735	! Description:
2736	! ------------
2737	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2738	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2739	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2740
2741	USE kinds
2742
2743	IMPLICIT NONE
2744
2745	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2746	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2747	REAL(wp) :: missal
2748
2749	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2750
2751	!
2752	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2753	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2754	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2755	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2756	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2757	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2758	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2759	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2760	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2761	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2762	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2763	!
2764	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2765	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2766	!
2767	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2768	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2769	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2770	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2771	!
2772	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2773	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2774
2775	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2776	!
2777	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2778	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2779	!
2780	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2781	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2782	!
2783	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2784	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2785	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2786	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2787	ENDIF
2788	ENDIF
2789
2790	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2791
2792	!
2793	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2794	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2795	!-- than min_miss
2796
2797	ELSE
2798	!
2799	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2800	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2801	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2802	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2803	!
2804	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2805	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2806	!
2807	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2808	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2809	!
2810	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2811	!-- yaw direction is still right
2812	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2813	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2814	!
2815	!-- Continue yawing
2816	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2817	ELSE
2818	!
2819	!-- Stop yawing
2820	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2821	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2822	ENDIF
2823	ELSE
2824	!
2825	!-- Continue yawing
2826	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2827	ENDIF
2828
2829	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2830
2831	ENDIF
2832
2833	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2834
2835
2836	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2837	! Description:
2838	! ------------
2839	!> Initialization of the speed control
2840	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2841	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2842
2843
2844	IMPLICIT NONE
2845
2846	!
2847	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2848	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2849	!
2850	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2851	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2852	!
2853	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2854	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2855	!
2856	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2857	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2858	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2859	!
2860	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2861	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2862	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2863	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2864	!
2865	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2866	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2867	!
2868	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2869	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2870	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2871	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2872	ENDIF
2873
2874	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2875
2876
2877	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2878	! Description:
2879	! ------------
2880	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2881	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2882	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2883
2884
2885	IMPLICIT NONE
2886
2887	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2888
2889
2890
2891	!
2892	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2893	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2894	!-- offshore system developement"
2895
2896	!
2897	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2898	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2899	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2900	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2901	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2902
2903	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2904	!
2905	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2906	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2907
2908	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2909	!
2910	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2911	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2912
2913	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2914	!
2915	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2916	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2917	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2918
2919	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2920	!
2921	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2922	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2923
2924	ELSE
2925	!
2926	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2927	!-- keep the power constant:
2928	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2929
2930	ENDIF
2931	!
2932	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2933	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2934	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2935	!
2936	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2937	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2938	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2939	!
2940	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2941	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2942
2943
2944	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2945
2946
2947	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2948	! Description:
2949	! ------------
2950	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2951	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2952	!> Call for all grid points
2953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2954	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2955
2956
2957	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2958
2959	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2960	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2961	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2962
2963
2964	SELECT CASE ( location )
2965
2966	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2967
2968	CALL wtm_forces
2969
2970	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2971	!
2972	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2973	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2974	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2975	DO j = nysg, nyng
2976	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2977	!
2978	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2979	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2980	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2981	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2982	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2983
2984	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2985	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2986	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2987	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2988	ENDDO
2989	ENDDO
2990	ENDDO
2991	ENDIF
2992
2993	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2994	!
2995	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2996	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2997	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2998	DO j = nysg, nyng
2999	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3000	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3001	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3002	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3003	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3004	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3005	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3006	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3007	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3008	ENDDO
3009	ENDDO
3010	ENDDO
3011	ENDIF
3012
3013	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3014	!
3015	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3016	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3017	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3018	DO j = nysg, nyng
3019	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3020	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3021	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3022	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3023	ENDDO
3024	ENDDO
3025	ENDDO
3026	ENDIF
3027
3028
3029	CASE DEFAULT
3030	CONTINUE
3031
3032	END SELECT
3033
3034
3035	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3036
3037
3038	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3039	! Description:
3040	! ------------
3041	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3042	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3043	!> Call for grid point i,j
3044	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3045	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3046
3047
3048	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3049	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3050	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3051	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3052
3053	SELECT CASE ( location )
3054
3055	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3056
3057	CALL wtm_forces
3058
3059	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3060	!
3061	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3062	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3063	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3064	!
3065	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3066	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3067	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3068	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3069	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3070	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3071	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3072	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3073	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3074	ENDDO
3075	ENDIF
3076
3077	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3078	!
3079	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3080	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3081	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3082	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3083	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3084	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3085	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3086	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3087	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3088	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3089	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3090	ENDDO
3091	ENDIF
3092
3093	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3094	!
3095	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3096	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3097	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3098	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3099	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3100	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3101	ENDDO
3102	ENDIF
3103
3104
3105	CASE DEFAULT
3106	CONTINUE
3107
3108	END SELECT
3109
3110
3111	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3112
3113
3114	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3115
3116
3117	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3118
3119	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3120
3121	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3122
3123	!
3124	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
3125	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3126	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:nturbines) )
3127	output_values_1d_target = rcx(1:nturbines)
3128	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3129	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3130	'x', &
3131	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3132	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3133	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
3134
3135	output_values_1d_target = rcy(1:nturbines)
3136	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3137	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3138	'y', &
3139	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3140	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3141	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
3142
3143	output_values_1d_target = rcz(1:nturbines)
3144	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3145	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3146	'z', &
3147	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3148	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3149	bounds_end = (/nturbines/) )
3150
3151	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3152	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3153	ENDIF
3154
3155	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3156
3157	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:nturbines) )
3158	output_values_1d_target = omega_rot(:)
3159	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3160
3161	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3162	'rotor_speed', &
3163	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3164	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3165	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3166
3167	output_values_1d_target = omega_gen(:)
3168	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3169	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3170	'generator_speed', &
3171	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3172	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3173	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3174
3175	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3176	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3177
3178	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3179	'generator_torque', &
3180	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3181	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3182	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3183
3184	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3185	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3186
3187	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3188	'rotor_torque', &
3189	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3190	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3191	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3192
3193	output_values_1d_target = pitch_add(:)
3194	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3195
3196	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3197	'pitch_angle', &
3198	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3199	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3200	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3201
3202	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)omega_gen(:)gen_eff
3203	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3204
3205	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3206	'generator_power', &
3207	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3208	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3209	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3210
3211	DO inot = 1, nturbines
3212	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens
3213	ENDDO
3214	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3215
3216	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3217	'rotor_power', &
3218	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3219	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3220	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3221
3222	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3223	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3224
3225	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3226	'rotor_thrust', &
3227	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3228	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3229	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3230
3231	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3232	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3233
3234	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3235	'wind_direction', &
3236	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3237	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3238	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3239
3240	output_values_1d_target = (phi_yaw(:))*180.0_wp/pi
3241	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3242
3243	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3244	'yaw_angle', &
3245	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3246	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3247	bounds_end = (/nturbines, t_ind /) )
3248
3249	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3250	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3251
3252	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3253	'time', &
3254	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3255	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3256	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3257
3258	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3259
3260	ENDIF
3261
3262	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3263
3264	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |