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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4181

Last change on this file since 4181 was 4180, checked in by scharf, 5 years ago
removed comments in 'Former revisions' section that are older than 01.01.2019
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 118.1 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4180 2019-08-21 14:37:54Z raasch $
28	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
29	!
30	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
31	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
32	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
33	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
34	!
35	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
36	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
37	! of additional debug messages
38	!
39	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
40	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
41	!
42	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
43	! instrumented with openmp directives
44	!
45	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
46	! unused variables removed
47	!
48	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
49	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
50	!
51	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
52	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
53	!
54	!
55	! Description:
56	! ------------
57	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
58	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
59	!> (ADM-R).
60	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
61	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
62	!> yaw.
63	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
64	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
65	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
66	!> automatically).
67	!>
68	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
69	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
70	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
71	!> @todo Generate header information
72	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
73	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
74	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
75	!> @todo Include additional output variables
76	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
77	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
78	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
79	!
80	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
81	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
82
83	USE arrays_3d, &
84	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
85
86	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
87	ONLY: pi
88
89	USE control_parameters, &
90	ONLY: coupling_char, &
91	debug_output, &
92	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
93	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
94
95	USE cpulog, &
96	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
97
98	USE grid_variables, &
99	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
100
101	USE indices, &
102	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
103	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
104
105	USE kinds
106
107	USE pegrid
108
109
110	IMPLICIT NONE
111
112	PRIVATE
113
114	!
115	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
116
117	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
118	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
119
120	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
121	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
122	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
123	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
124
125	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
126	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
127	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
128	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
129	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
130	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
131
132	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
135	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
137	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
141	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
143
144	!
145	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
146	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
147
148	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
149	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
150	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
151	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
152	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
153	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
154	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
155	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
156	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
157	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
158	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
159	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
160	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
161	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
162
163
164	!
165	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
166
167	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
168	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
169	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
170
171	!
172	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
173	TYPE file_status
174	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
175	END TYPE file_status
176
177	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
178	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
179
180	!
181	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
182
183	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
184	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
185	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
186	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
187	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
188
189	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
190
191	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
192	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
193	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
194	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
195	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
196	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
197	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
198	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
199
200	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
201
202	!
203	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
204	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
205	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
206	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
207	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
208	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
209	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
210
211	!
212	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
214	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
215	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
216	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
217
218	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
219	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
220
221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
223
224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
225	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
226
227	!
228	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
229
230	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
231	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
232	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
233	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
234	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
235	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
236	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
237	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
238	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
239	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
240	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
241	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
242	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
243	!
244	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
245	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
246	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
247	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
248	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
249	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
250
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
260
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
263
264	!
265	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
272
273	!
274	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
278
279	!
280	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
284
285	!
286	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
290
291	!
292	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
296	!
297	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
299
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
309
310	!
311	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
312
313	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
314
315	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
316	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
317	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
318	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
319	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
320	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
321	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
322	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
323
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
325
326	!
327	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
328
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
339	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
340	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
341	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
342
343	!
344	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
352
353
354	SAVE
355
356
357	INTERFACE wtm_parin
358	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
359	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
360
361	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
362	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
363	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
364
365	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
366	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
367	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
368
369	INTERFACE wtm_init
370	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
371	END INTERFACE wtm_init
372
373	INTERFACE wtm_actions
374	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
375	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
376	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
377
378	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
379	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
380	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
381
382	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
383	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
384	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
385
386
387	PUBLIC &
388	wtm_parin, &
389	wtm_check_parameters, &
390	wtm_init_arrays, &
391	wtm_init, &
392	wtm_actions, &
393	wtm_rrd_global, &
394	wtm_wrd_global
395
396
397	CONTAINS
398
399
400	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
401	! Description:
402	! ------------
403	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
404	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
405	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
406
407
408	IMPLICIT NONE
409
410	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
411
412	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
413	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
414	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
415	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
416	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
417	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
418	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
419	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
420	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
421	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
422	! , turb_cd_nacelle
423
424	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
425	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
426	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
427	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
428	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
429	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
430	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
431	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
432	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
433	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
434	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
435	! , turb_cd_nacelle
436	!
437	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
438	REWIND ( 11 )
439	line = ' '
440	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
441	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
442	ENDDO
443	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
444
445	!
446	!-- Read user-defined namelist
447	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
448	!
449	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
450	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
451
452	GOTO 14
453
454	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
455	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
456	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
457
458	!
459	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
460	12 REWIND ( 11 )
461	line = ' '
462	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
463	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
464	ENDDO
465	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
466
467	!
468	!-- Read user-defined namelist
469	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
470
471	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
472	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
473	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
474	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
475
476	!
477	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
478	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
479
480	GOTO 14
481
482	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
483	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
484	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
485
486	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
487
488
489	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
490
491
492	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
493	! Description:
494	! ------------
495	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
496	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
497	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
498
499
500	IMPLICIT NONE
501
502
503	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
504	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
505
506	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
507	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
508
509	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
510	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
511
512	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
513	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
514
515	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
516	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
517
518	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
519	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
520
521	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
522	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
523
524	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
525	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
526
527	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
528	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
529
530	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
531	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
532
533
534	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
535
536
537	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
538	! Description:
539	! ------------
540	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
541	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
542	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
543
544
545	USE control_parameters, &
546	ONLY: length, restart_string
547
548
549	IMPLICIT NONE
550
551	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
552
553
554	found = .TRUE.
555
556
557	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
558
559	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
560	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
561	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
562	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
563	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
564	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
565	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
566	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
567	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
568	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
569	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
570	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
571	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
572	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
573	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
574	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
575	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
576	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
577	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
578	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
579
580	CASE DEFAULT
581
582	found = .FALSE.
583
584	END SELECT
585
586
587	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
588
589
590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
591	! Description:
592	! ------------
593	!> Check namelist parameter
594	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
595	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
596
597
598	IMPLICIT NONE
599
600	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
601	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
602	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
603	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
604	ENDIF
605
606	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
607	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
608	'a value equal or larger than zero'
609	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
610	ENDIF
611
612
613	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
614	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
615	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
616
617	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
618	'have to be given for each turbine.'
619	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
620
621	ENDIF
622
623
624	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
625
626
627	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
628	! Description:
629	! ------------
630	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
632	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
633
634
635	IMPLICIT NONE
636
637	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
638	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
639
640	!
641	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
642	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
643
644	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
645	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
646
647	nrings(:) = 0
648	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
649
650	!
651	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
652	delta_r_factor = segment_width
653	delta_t_factor = segment_length
654	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
655
656	DO inot = 1, nturbines
657	!
658	!-- Determine number of rings:
659	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
660
661	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
662
663	ENDDO
664
665	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
666
667	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
668	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
669
670	nsegs(:,:) = 0
671	nsegs_total(:) = 0
672
673
674	DO inot = 1, nturbines
675	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
676	!
677	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
678	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
679	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
680	delta_t_factor ) )
681	ENDDO
682	!
683	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
684	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
685
686	ENDDO
687
688	!
689	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
690	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
691
692	!!
693	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
694	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
695	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
696	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
697	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
698	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
699	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
700	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
701	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
702	! ENDIF
703
704
705	!
706	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
707	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
708	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
709	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
710	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
711	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
712	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
713	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
714	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
715
716	!
717	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
718	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
719	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
720	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
721	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
722	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
723	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
724
725	!
726	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
727	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
728	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
729	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
730	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
731	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
732	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
733	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
734	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
735	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
736	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
737
738	!
739	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
740	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
741	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
742	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
743	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
744	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
745	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
746
747	!
748	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
749	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
750	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
751	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
752
753	!
754	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
755	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
756	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
757	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
758	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
759	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
760	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
761	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
762	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
763
764	!
765	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
766	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
767	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
768	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
769	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
770	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
771	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
772
773	!
774	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
775	i_hub(:) = 0
776	i_smear(:) = 0
777	j_hub(:) = 0
778	j_smear(:) = 0
779	k_hub(:) = 0
780	k_smear(:) = 0
781
782	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
783	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
784
785	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
786	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
787	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
788	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
789	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
790	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
791	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
792	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
793	ENDIF
794
795	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
796	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
797	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
798	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
799	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
800	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
801
802	!
803	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
804	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
805	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
806	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
807	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
808	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
809	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
810	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
811	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
812	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
813	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
814
815	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
816	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
817	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
818	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
819	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
820	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
821
822	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
823	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
824	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
825
826	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
827	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
828	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
829	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
830	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
831	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
832	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
833	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
834
835	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
836	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
837	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
838	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
839	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
840	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
841
842
843	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
844
845
846	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
847	! Description:
848	! ------------
849	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
850	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
851	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
852
853
854	USE control_parameters, &
855	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
856
857	IMPLICIT NONE
858
859	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
860	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
861	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
862
863	!
864	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
865	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
866
867	!
868	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
869	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
870	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
871
872	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
873
874	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
875	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
876	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
877	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
878
879	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
880
881	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
882	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
883	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
884	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
885
886	!
887	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
888	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
889	!-- (smearing of the forces)
890	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
891	!
892	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
893	!-- be calculated:
894
895	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
896	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
897	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
898	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
899	!
900	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
901	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
902	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
903	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
904	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
905	!
906	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
907	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
908	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
909	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
910	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
911	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
912	eps_min) THEN
913	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
914	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
915	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
916	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
917	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
918	ENDIF
919	!
920	!-- Square of eps_min:
921	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
922	!
923	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
924	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
925	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
926	!
927	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
928	!-- function:
929	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
930
931	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
932	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
933
934	!
935	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
936	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
937	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
938	ENDIF
939
940
941	DO inot = 1, nturbines
942	!
943	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
944	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
945
946	!
947	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
948	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
949	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
950	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
951
952	!
953	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
954	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
955	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
956	!-- function of eps_min:
957	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
958	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
959	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
960
961	ENDDO
962
963	!
964	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
965	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
966	IF ( speed_control) THEN
967
968	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
969
970	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
971
972	DO inot = 1, nturbines
973
974	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
975	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
976	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
977	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
978	ENDIF
979
980	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
981	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
982	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
983	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
984	ENDIF
985
986	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
987	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
988	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
989	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
990	ENDIF
991
992	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
993	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
994	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
995	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
996	ENDIF
997
998	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
999	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1000
1001	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1002
1003	ENDIF
1004	ENDIF
1005
1006	END DO
1007
1008	ENDIF
1009
1010	ENDIF
1011
1012	!
1013	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1014	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1015	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1016	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1017	!
1018	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1019	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1020
1021	!
1022	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1023	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1024	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1025
1026	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1027
1028	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1029
1030
1031	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1032	!
1033	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1034	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1035	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1036	i = i_hub(inot)
1037
1038	!
1039	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1040	!-- grid point indices):
1041	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1042	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1043	!
1044	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1045	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1046	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1047	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1048	!-- in grid box 1.
1049	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1050	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1051
1052	!
1053	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1054	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1055	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1056	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1057
1058	!
1059	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1060	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1061	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1062
1063	DO j = nys, nyn
1064	!
1065	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1066	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1067
1068	DO k = nzb, nzt
1069
1070	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1071	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1072	!
1073	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1074	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1075	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1076	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1077	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1078	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1079	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1080	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1081	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1082	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1083	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1084	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1085	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1086	!
1087	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1088	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1089	ELSE
1090	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1091	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1092	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1093	ENDIF
1094	!
1095	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1096	ELSE
1097	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1098	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1099	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1100	ENDIF
1101	!
1102	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1103	!-- are carried out:
1104	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1105
1106	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1107	!
1108	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1109	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1110	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1111	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1112	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1113	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1114	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1115	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1116	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1117	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1118	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1119	!
1120	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1121	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1122	ELSE
1123	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1124	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1125	ENDIF
1126	!
1127	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1128	ELSE
1129	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1130	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1131	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1132
1133	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1134
1135	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1136
1137	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1138
1139	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1140
1141	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1142
1143
1144	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1145
1146	!
1147	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1148	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1149	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1150	!!
1151	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1152	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1153	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1154	!
1155	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1156	!
1157	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1158	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1159	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1160	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1161	!!
1162	!!-- bottom intersection point
1163	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1164	!!
1165	!!-- top intersection point
1166	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1167	! ELSE
1168	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1169	! ENDIF
1170	! ENDDO
1171	!
1172	!
1173	! DO j = nys, nyn
1174	!!
1175	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1176	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1177	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1178	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1179	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1180	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1181	!!
1182	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1183	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1184	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1185	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1186	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1187	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1188	!!
1189	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1190	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1191	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1192	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1193	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1194	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1195	! dz_int = dz
1196	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1197	!!
1198	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1199	!!-- within the current grid box:
1200	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1201	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1202	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1203	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1204	! ENDIF
1205	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1206	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1207	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1208	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1209	! ENDIF
1210	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1211	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1212	! ENDIF
1213	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1214	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1215	! ENDIF
1216	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1217	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1218	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1219	! ENDIF
1220	! ENDDO
1221	! ENDIF
1222	! ENDDO
1223	! ENDIF
1224	!
1225	! ENDDO
1226	!
1227	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1228
1229	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1230
1231	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1232	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1233
1234	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1235
1236	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1237
1238	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1239
1240
1241	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1242	! Description:
1243	! ------------
1244	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1245	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1246	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1247	!
1248	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1249
1250
1251	IMPLICIT NONE
1252
1253	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1254	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1255
1256	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1257
1258	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1259
1260	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1261	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1262	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1263	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1264	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1265	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1268	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1270
1271	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1272	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1273	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1274
1275	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1277
1278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1283
1284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1289
1290	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1291
1292	!
1293	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1294	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1295
1296	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1297
1298	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1299	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1300	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1301	ENDIF
1302	!
1303	!-- Read distribution table:
1304
1305	dlen = 0
1306
1307	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1308
1309	rloop3: DO
1310	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1311	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1312	dlen = dlen + 1
1313	ENDDO rloop3
1314
1315	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1316
1317	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1318	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1319	ENDDO
1320
1321	DO jj = 1,dlen
1322	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1323	ENDDO
1324
1325	!
1326	!-- Read layout table:
1327
1328	dlen = 0
1329
1330	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1331
1332	rloop1: DO
1333	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1334	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1335	dlen = dlen + 1
1336	ENDDO rloop1
1337
1338	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1339	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1340	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1341	ENDDO
1342	DO jj = 1, dlen
1343	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1344	ENDDO
1345
1346	!
1347	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1348
1349	dlen = 0
1350
1351	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1352
1353	rloop2: DO
1354	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1355	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1356	dlen = dlen + 1
1357	ENDDO rloop2
1358
1359	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1360	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1361
1362	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1363	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1364	ENDDO
1365
1366	DO jj = 1,dlen
1367	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1368	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1369	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1370	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1371	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1372	ENDDO
1373
1374	ENDDO
1375
1376	dlenbl = dlen
1377
1378	CLOSE ( 90 )
1379
1380	!
1381	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1382	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1383	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1384	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1385	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1386
1387	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1388	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1389	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1390	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1391
1392	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1393	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1394
1395	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1396	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1397
1398	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1399
1400	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1401	!
1402	!-- Find position in table 1
1403	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1404	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1405
1406	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1407	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1408	ENDIF
1409
1410	trow = lct(1)
1411	!
1412	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1413	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1414	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1415	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1416	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1417
1418	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1419	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1420	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1421	ENDIF
1422
1423	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1424	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1425	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1426	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1427	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1428
1429	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1430	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1431	! explicitly
1432	ELSE
1433	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1434	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1435	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1436	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1437	!
1438	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1439	!-- explicitly
1440	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1441	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1442	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1443	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1444	ENDIF
1445
1446	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1447
1448	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1449	ialpha = 1
1450
1451	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1452	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1453	ENDDO
1454
1455	!
1456	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1457	!-- segments and angles of attack
1458
1459	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1460	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1461	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1462	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1463	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1464	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1465	( alpha_attack_i - &
1466	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1467	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1468	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1469	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1470	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1471	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1472	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1473	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1474	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1475	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1476	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1477	( alpha_attack_i - &
1478	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1479	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1480	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1481	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1482	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1483
1484	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1485
1486	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1487
1488
1489	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1490
1491
1492	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1493	! Description:
1494	! ------------
1495	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1496	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1497	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1498	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1499
1500
1501	IMPLICIT NONE
1502
1503	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1504	!
1505	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1506	!-- the rotors
1507	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1508	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1509	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1510
1511	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1512	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1513	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1514
1515	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1516	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1517	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1518
1519	!
1520	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1521	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1522
1523	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1524	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1525	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1526	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1527	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1528	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1529	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1530	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1531	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1532	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1533	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1534	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1535	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1536	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1537	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1538	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1539	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1540	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1541	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1542	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1543	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1544	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1545	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1546	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1547
1548	!
1549	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1550	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1551	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1552	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1553	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1554
1555	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1556
1557
1558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1559	! Description:
1560	! ------------
1561	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1563	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1564
1565
1566	IMPLICIT NONE
1567
1568	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1569
1570	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1571	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1572	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1573	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1574	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1575	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1576
1577	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1578	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1579	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1580
1581	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1582	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1583
1584	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1585
1586
1587	!
1588	! Variables for pitch control
1589	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1590
1591	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1592	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1593
1594	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1595
1596
1597	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1598
1599
1600	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1601
1602	!
1603	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1604	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1605	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1606	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1607	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1608	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1609	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1610	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1611	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1612	!
1613	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1614	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1615
1616	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1617	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1618	!
1619	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1620
1621	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1622	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1623	!$OMP DO
1624	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1625
1626	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1627	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1628	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1629	!
1630	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1631	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1632
1633	!
1634	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1635	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1636	!
1637	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1638	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1639	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1640	!
1641	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1642	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1643	!-- with y-axis):
1644	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1645	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1646	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1647
1648	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1649	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1650	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1651	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1652	re(3) = sin_rot
1653
1654	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1655	!
1656	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1657	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1658	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1659	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1660
1661	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1662	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1663	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1664	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1665	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1666
1667	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1668	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1669
1670	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1671	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1672
1673	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1674	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1675
1676	!
1677	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1678
1679	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1680	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1681	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1682	!
1683	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1684	!-- the current PE:
1685	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1686	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1687
1688	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1689	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1690	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1691	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1692	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1693	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1694	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1695	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1696	gg = dx * dy
1697
1698	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1699	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1700	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1701	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1702	) / gg
1703
1704	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1705	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1706	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1707	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1708	) / gg
1709
1710	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1711	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1712	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1713
1714	ELSE
1715	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1716	ENDIF
1717	ELSE
1718	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1719	ENDIF
1720
1721
1722	!
1723	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1724	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1725	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1726	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1727	!
1728	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1729	!-- the current PE:
1730	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1731	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1732
1733	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1734	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1735	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1736	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1737	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1738	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1739	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1740	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1741	gg = dx * dy
1742
1743	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1744	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1745	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1746	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1747	) / gg
1748
1749	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1750	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1751	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1752	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1753	) / gg
1754
1755	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1756	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1757	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1758
1759	ELSE
1760	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1761	ENDIF
1762	ELSE
1763	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1764	ENDIF
1765
1766
1767	!
1768	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1769	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1770	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1771	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1772	!
1773	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1774	!-- the current PE:
1775	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1776	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1777
1778	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1779	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1780	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1781	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1782	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1783	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1784	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1785	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1786	gg = dx * dy
1787
1788	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1789	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1790	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1791	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1792	) / gg
1793
1794	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1795	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1796	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1797	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1798	) / gg
1799
1800	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1801	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1802	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1803	ELSE
1804	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1805	ENDIF
1806	ELSE
1807	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1808	ENDIF
1809
1810	ENDDO
1811	ENDDO
1812	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1813
1814	ENDDO
1815
1816	!
1817	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1818	#if defined( __parallel )
1819	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1820	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1821	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1822	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1823	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1824	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1825	#else
1826	u_int = u_int_1_l
1827	v_int = v_int_1_l
1828	w_int = w_int_1_l
1829	#endif
1830
1831
1832	!
1833	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1834
1835	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1836	pit_loop: DO
1837
1838	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1839	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1840	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1841	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1842	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1843	ELSE
1844	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1845	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1846	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1847	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1848	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1849	ENDIF
1850	ENDIF
1851
1852	!
1853	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1854	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1855	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1856	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1857	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1858	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1859	!$OMP DO
1860	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1861	!
1862	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1863	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1864	!
1865	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1866	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1867	!
1868	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1869	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1870	!-- with y-axis):
1871	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1872	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1873	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1874	!
1875	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1876	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1877	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1878	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1879	re(3) = sin_rot
1880
1881	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1882	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1883	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1884	rea(3) = cos_rot
1885
1886	!
1887	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1888	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1889	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1890	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1891	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1892	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1893	!
1894	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1895	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1896	!-- tilt:
1897	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1898	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1899	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1900	!
1901	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1902	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1903
1904	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1905
1906	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1907
1908	!
1909	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1910	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1911	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1912	!
1913	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1914	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1915	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1916	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1917	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1918	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1919	!
1920	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1921	!
1922	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1923	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1924	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1925	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1926	!
1927	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1928	!-- direction:
1929	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1930	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1931	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1932	!
1933	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1934	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1935
1936	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1937	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1938	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1939
1940	!
1941	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1942	!-- to the current radial position:
1943
1944	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1945	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1946
1947	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1948	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1949	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1950	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1951	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1952	ELSE
1953	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1954	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1955	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1956	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1957	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1958	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1959	ENDIF
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1963	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1964	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1965	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1966	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1967	!
1968	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1969	!-- angle of attack:
1970	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1971	!
1972	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1973	!-- to angles given in degree:
1974	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1975	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1976	!
1977	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1978	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
1979
1980	!
1981	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1982	!-- to the rotor:
1983	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1984	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1985	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1986
1987	!
1988	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1989	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1990	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1991	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1992
1993	!
1994	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
1995	!-- the current radial position:
1996
1997	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1998	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1999	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2000	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2001	ELSE
2002	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2003	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2004	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2005	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2006	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2007	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2008	ENDIF
2009
2010	!
2011	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2012	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2013	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2014	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2015	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2016	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2017	!
2018	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2019	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2020	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2021	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2022	!
2023	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2024	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2025	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2026	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2027
2028	!
2029	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2030	!-- angles given in radian:
2031	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2032	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2033
2034	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2035
2036	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2037	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2038	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2039	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2040	!--
2041	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2042	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2043	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2044
2045	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2046
2047	ENDIF
2048	!
2049	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2050	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2051	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2052
2053	!
2054	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2055
2056	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2057	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2058
2059	!
2060	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2061	!-- for each ring segment:
2062	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2063	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2064	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2065
2066	!
2067	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2068	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2069	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2070	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2071	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2072	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2073	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2074	!
2075	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2076	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2077	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2078
2079	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2080	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2081
2082	!
2083	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2084	!$OMP CRITICAL
2085	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2086	thrust_seg(rseg)
2087
2088
2089	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2090	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2091
2092	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2093
2094	!
2095	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2096	!-- each ring:
2097	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2098	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2099	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2100
2101
2102	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2103	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2104
2105
2106	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2107
2108
2109	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2110	!
2111	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2112
2113	!
2114	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2115	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2116	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2117	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2118	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2119	( inertia_rot + &
2120	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2121
2122	!
2123	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2124	!-- and rotor speed
2125	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2126
2127	ENDIF
2128
2129	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2130
2131	!
2132	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2133	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2134	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2135	!-- gain
2136	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2137	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2138	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2139	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2140	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2141	!
2142	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2143	CYCLE pit_loop
2144	ENDIF
2145
2146	!
2147	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2148	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2149	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2150	ENDIF
2151	EXIT pit_loop
2152	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2153
2154
2155	!
2156	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2157
2158	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2159	!
2160	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2161	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2162	THEN
2163	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2164	THEN
2165	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2166	ENDIF
2167	ENDIF
2168
2169	ENDIF
2170
2171
2172	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2173
2174	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2175
2176
2177	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2178	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2179	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2180	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2181	!
2182	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2183	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2184	!
2185	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2186	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2187	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2188	!-- consideration
2189	!
2190	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2191	!-- of the model domain:
2192	!
2193	!--
2194	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2195	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2196	eps_min ) / dx )
2197	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2198	eps_min ) / dy )
2199
2200	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2201	!$OMP DO
2202	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2203	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2204	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2205	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2206	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2207	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2208	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2209	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2210	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2211	!
2212	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2213	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2214
2215	!
2216	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2217	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2218	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2219	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2220	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2221	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2222	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2223	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2224	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2225	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2226	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2230	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2231	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2232	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2233	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2234	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2235	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2236	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2237	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2238	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2239	flag
2240	ENDIF
2241	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2242	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2243	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2244	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2245	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2246	flag
2247	ENDIF
2248	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2249	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2250	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2251	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2252	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2253	flag
2254	ENDIF
2255
2256	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2257	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2258
2259	!
2260	!-- Rotation of force components:
2261	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2262	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2263	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2264	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2265	) * flag
2266
2267	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2268	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2269	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2270	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2271	) * flag
2272
2273	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2274	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2275	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2276	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2277	) * flag
2278
2279	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2280	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2281	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2282	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2283
2284	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2285
2286	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2287
2288
2289	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2290	!
2291	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2292	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2293	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2294	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2295	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2296	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2297	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2298
2299	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2300	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2301	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2302	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2303	start_up = .FALSE.
2304	ENDIF
2305
2306	!
2307	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2308	!--
2309	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2310	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2311	!
2312	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2313	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2314	THEN
2315	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2316	THEN
2317
2318	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2319
2320	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2321	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2322	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2323	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2324	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2325
2326	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2327
2328	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2329
2330	ENDIF
2331	ENDIF
2332
2333	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2334
2335	!
2336	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2337	#if defined( __parallel )
2338	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2339	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2340	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2341	comm2d, ierr )
2342	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2343	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2344	#else
2345	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2346	wdir = wdir_l
2347	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2348
2349
2350	#endif
2351	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2352	!
2353	!-- Update rotor orientation
2354	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2355
2356	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2357
2358	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2359
2360	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2361	!
2362	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2363	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2364	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2365	#if defined( __parallel )
2366	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2367	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2368	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2369	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2370	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2371	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2372	#else
2373	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2374	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2375	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2376	#endif
2377
2378	ENDIF
2379
2380	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2381
2382	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2383	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2384	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2385	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2386	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2387	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2388	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2389	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2390	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2391	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2392
2393	ELSE
2394
2395	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2396	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2397	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2398	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2399	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2400	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2401	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2402	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2403	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2404	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2405	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2406	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2407	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2408	ENDIF
2409	ENDIF
2410
2411	!-- Set open flag
2412	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2413	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2414
2415	ENDIF
2416
2417	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2418
2419	!
2420	!-- Formats
2421	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2422	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2423	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2424	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2425	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2426
2427	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2428	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2429
2430
2431	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2432
2433
2434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2435	! Description:
2436	! ------------
2437	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2438	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2439	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2440
2441	USE kinds
2442
2443	IMPLICIT NONE
2444
2445	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2446	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2447	REAL(wp) :: missal
2448
2449	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2450
2451	!
2452	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2453	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2454	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2455	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2456	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2457	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2458	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2459	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2460	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2461	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2462	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2463	!
2464	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2465	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2466	!
2467	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2468	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2469	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2470	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2471	!
2472	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2473	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2474
2475	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2476	!
2477	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2478	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2479	!
2480	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2481	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2482	!
2483	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2484	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2485	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2486	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2487	ENDIF
2488	ENDIF
2489
2490	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2491
2492	!
2493	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2494	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2495	!-- than min_miss
2496
2497	ELSE
2498	!
2499	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2500	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2501	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2502	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2503	!
2504	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2505	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2506	!
2507	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2508	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2509	!
2510	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2511	!-- yaw direction is still right
2512	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2513	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2514	!
2515	!-- Continue yawing
2516	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2517	ELSE
2518	!
2519	!-- Stop yawing
2520	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2521	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2522	ENDIF
2523	ELSE
2524	!
2525	!-- Continue yawing
2526	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2527	ENDIF
2528
2529	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2530
2531	ENDIF
2532
2533	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2534
2535
2536	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2537	! Description:
2538	! ------------
2539	!> Initialization of the speed control
2540	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2541	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2542
2543
2544	IMPLICIT NONE
2545
2546	!
2547	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2548	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2549	!
2550	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2551	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2552	!
2553	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2554	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2555	!
2556	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2557	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2558	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2559	!
2560	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2561	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2562	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2563	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2564	!
2565	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2566	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2567	!
2568	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2569	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2570	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2571	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2572	ENDIF
2573
2574	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2575
2576
2577	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2578	! Description:
2579	! ------------
2580	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2581	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2582	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2583
2584
2585	IMPLICIT NONE
2586
2587	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2588
2589
2590
2591	!
2592	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2593	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2594	!-- offshore system developement"
2595
2596	!
2597	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2598	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2599	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2600	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2601	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2602
2603	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2604	!
2605	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2606	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2607
2608	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2609	!
2610	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2611	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2612
2613	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2614	!
2615	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2616	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2617	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2618
2619	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2620	!
2621	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2622	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2623
2624	ELSE
2625	!
2626	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2627	!-- keep the power constant:
2628	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2629
2630	ENDIF
2631	!
2632	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2633	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2634	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2635	!
2636	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2637	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2638	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2639	!
2640	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2641	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2642
2643
2644	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2645
2646
2647	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2648	! Description:
2649	! ------------
2650	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2651	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2652	!> Call for all grid points
2653	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2654	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2655
2656
2657	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2658
2659	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2660	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2661	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2662
2663
2664	SELECT CASE ( location )
2665
2666	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2667
2668	CALL wtm_forces
2669
2670	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2671	!
2672	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2673	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2674	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2675	DO j = nysg, nyng
2676	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2677	!
2678	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2679	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2680	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2681	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2682	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2683
2684	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2685	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2686	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2687	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2688	ENDDO
2689	ENDDO
2690	ENDDO
2691	ENDIF
2692
2693	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2694	!
2695	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2696	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2697	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2698	DO j = nysg, nyng
2699	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2700	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2701	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2702	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2703	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2704	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2705	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2706	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2707	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2708	ENDDO
2709	ENDDO
2710	ENDDO
2711	ENDIF
2712
2713	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2714	!
2715	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2716	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2717	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2718	DO j = nysg, nyng
2719	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2720	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2721	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2722	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2723	ENDDO
2724	ENDDO
2725	ENDDO
2726	ENDIF
2727
2728
2729	CASE DEFAULT
2730	CONTINUE
2731
2732	END SELECT
2733
2734
2735	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
2736
2737
2738	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2739	! Description:
2740	! ------------
2741	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2742	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2743	!> Call for grid point i,j
2744	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2745	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
2746
2747
2748	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2749	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2750	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2751	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2752
2753	SELECT CASE ( location )
2754
2755	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2756
2757	CALL wtm_forces
2758
2759	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2760	!
2761	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2762	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2763	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2764	!
2765	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2766	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2767	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2768	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2769	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2770	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2771	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2772	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2773	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2774	ENDDO
2775	ENDIF
2776
2777	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2778	!
2779	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2780	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2781	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2782	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2783	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2784	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2785	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2786	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2787	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2788	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2789	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2790	ENDDO
2791	ENDIF
2792
2793	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2794	!
2795	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2796	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2797	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2798	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2799	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2800	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2801	ENDDO
2802	ENDIF
2803
2804
2805	CASE DEFAULT
2806	CONTINUE
2807
2808	END SELECT
2809
2810
2811	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
2812
2813	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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